LP5990
LP5990 Micropower 200mA CMOS Low Dropout Voltage Regulator
Literature Number: SNVS438B
December 18, 2007
LP5990
Micropower 200mA CMOS Low Dropout Voltage Regulator
General Description
The LP5990 regulator is designed to meet the requirements
of portable, battery-powered systems providing an accurate
output voltage, low noise and low quiescent current.
The LP5990 will provide a 1.8V output from a low input voltage
of 2.2V and can provide 200mA to an external load.
When switched into shutdown mode via a logic signal at the
enable pin, the power consumption is reduced to virtually
zero.
Fast shut-down is achieved by the push pull architecture.
The LP5990 is designed to be stable with space saving 0402
ceramic capacitors as small as 1µF, this gives an
overall solution size of < 2.5mm 2.
Performance is specified for a -40°C to 125°C junction tem-
perature range.
The device is available in micro SMD Package (0.4mm pitch)
and is available with 1.2V,1.3V,1.8V,2.8V,3.0V,3.3V and 3.6V
outputs.Lower voltage options down to 0.8V are available on
request. For all other output voltage options please contact
your local NSC sales office.
Features
Operation from 2.2V to 5.5V input
±1% accuracy over temp range
Output voltage from 0.8V to 3.6V in 50mV increments
30 μA Quiescent current (enabled)
10nA Quiescent current (disabled)
160mV dropout at 200mA load
60 μVRMSOutput voltage noise
60 μs start-up time
500μs shut-down time
PSRR 55 dB at 10 kHz
Stable with 0402 1.0µF ceramic capacitors
Logic controlled enable
Thermal–overload and short–circuit protection
Package
4-Bump micro SMD,0.4mm
pitch
(lead free)
866 µm x 917 µm
Applications
Cellular phones
Hand–held information appliances
Typical Application Circuit
20184801
© 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation 201848 www.national.com
LP5990 Micropower 200mA CMOS Low Dropout Voltage Regulator
Connection Diagrams
4-Bump Thin micro SMD Package, 0.4mm pitch
NS Package Number TMD04
20184802
The actual physical placement of the package marking will vary from part to part.
Pin Descriptions
Pin No. Symbol Name and Function
micro SMD
A2 VEN Enable input; disables the regulator when 0.35V. Enables the
regulator when 1.0V.
A1 GND Common ground.
B1 VOUT Output voltage. A 1.0 μF Low ESR capacitor should be connected to
this Pin. Connect this output to the load circuit.
B2 VIN Input voltage supply. A 1.0 µF capacitor should be connected at this
input.
Ordering Information
micro SMD Package (Lead Free)
Output Voltage
(V) Supplied As
250 Units Tape and Reel 3k Units Tape and Reel
1.2 LP5990TM-1.2/NOPB LP5990TMX-1.2/NOPB
1.3 LP5990TM-1.3/NOPB LP5990TMX-1.3/NOPB
1.8 LP5990TM-1.8/NOPB LP5990TMX-1.8/NOPB
2.8 LP5990TM-2.8/NOPB LP5990TMX-2.8/NOPB
3.0 LP5990TM-3.0/NOPB LP5990TMX-3.0/NOPB
3.3 LP5990TM-3.3/NOPB LP5990TMX-3.3/NOPB
3.6 LP5990TM-3.6/NOPB LP5990TMX-3.6/NOPB
www.national.com 2
LP5990
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
VIN Pin: Input Voltage -0.3 to 6.0V
VOUT Pin: Output Voltage -0.3 to (VIN + 0.3V) to 6.0V
(max)
VEN Pin: Enable Input Voltage -0.3 to 6.0V (max)
Continuous Power Dissipation
(Note 3) Internally Limited
Junction Temperature (TJMAX)150°C
Storage Temperature Range -65 to 150°C
Maximum Lead Temperature
(Soldering, 10 sec.) 260°C
ESD Rating (Note 4)
Human Body Model 2 kV
Machine Model 200V
Operating Ratings (Note 1), (Note 2)
VIN: Input Voltage Range 2.2V to 5.5V
VEN: Enable Voltage Range 0 to 5.5V (max)
Recommended Load Current
(Note 5)
0 to 200 mA
Junction Temperature Range (TJ)-40°C to +125°C
Ambient Temperature Range (TA)
(Note 5)
-40°C to +85°C
Thermal Properties
Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance θJA (Note 6)
JEDEC Board (microSMD)
(Note 14) 100.6°C/W
4L Cellphone Board (microSMD) 174.8°C/W
Electrical Characteristics
Limits in standard typeface are for TA = 25°C. Limits in boldface type apply over the full operating junction temperature range (-40°
C TJ +125°C). Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply to the LP5990 Typical Application Circuit (pg. 1) with: VIN = VOUT
(NOM) + 1.0V, or 2.2V, whichever is higher. VEN = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1.0 μF, IOUT = 1.0 mA. (Note 2), (Note 7)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
VIN Input Voltage 2.2 5.5 V
ΔVOUT Output Voltage Tolerance VIN = (VOUT(NOM) + 1.0V) to 5.5V −1 1%
Line Regulation VIN = (VOUT(NOM) + 1.0V) to 5.5V, IOUT = 1
mA 1 mV
Load Regulation IOUT = 1 mA to 200 mA 5 15 mV
ILOAD Load Current (Note 8) 0 mA
Maximum Output Current 200
IQQuiescent Current (Note 10) VEN = 1.0V, IOUT = 0 mA 30 75
µA
VEN = 1.0V, IOUT = 200 mA 35
VEN = <0.35V (Disabled) 0.01
VDO Dropout Voltage(Note 9) IOUT = 200 mA 160 250 mV
ISC Short Circuit Current Limit (Note 11) 600 mA
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio
(Note 13)
f = 10 kHz, IOUT = 200 mA 55 dB
enOutput Noise Voltage
(Note 13)
BW = 10 Hz to 100 kHz,
VIN = 4.2V, IOUT = 1 mA
V OUT = 1.8V 60 μVRMS
V OUT = 2.8V 85
TSHUTDOWN Thermal Shutdown Temperature 160 °C
Hysteresis 20
3 www.national.com
LP5990
Electrical Characteristics (continued).
Limits in standard typeface are for TA = 25°C. Limits in boldface type apply over the full operating junction temperature range (-40°
C TJ +125°C). Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply to the LP5990 Typical Application Circuit (pg. 1) with: VIN = VOUT
(NOM) + 1.0V, or 2.2V, whichever is higher. VEN = 1.0V, CIN = COUT = 1.0 μF, IOUT = 1.0 mA. (Note 2), (Note 7)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Enable Input Thresholds
VIL Low Input Threshold (VEN) VIN = 2.2V to 5.5V 0.35 V
VIH High Input Threshold (VEN) VIN = 2.2V to 5.5V 1.0 V
IEN Input Current at VEN Pin
(Note 12)
VEN = 5.5V and VIN = 5.5V 25μA
VEN = 0.0V and VIN = 5.5V 0.001
Transient Characteristics
ΔVOUT Line Transient
(Note 13)
Trise = Tfall = 30μs. ΔVIN = 600 mV 4mV
Load Transient
(Note 13)
IOUT = 1 mA to 200 mA in 1 μs–50 mV
IOUT = 200 mA to 1 mA in 1 μs 50
TON Turn on Time To 98% of VOUT(NOM) 60 μs
TOFF Turn off Time from Enable 100mV of V OUT(NOM)I OUT= 0mA 500 μs
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation
of the device is guaranteed. Operating Ratings do not imply guaranteed performance limits. For guaranteed performance limits and associated test conditions,
see the Electrical Characteristics tables.
Note 2: All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
Note 3: Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage.
Note 4: The Human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 k resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged
directly into each pin. MIL-STD-883 3015.7
Note 5: In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may have to be
derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA-MAX) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ-MAX-OP = 125°C), the maximum power
dissipation of the device in the application (PD-MAX), and the junction-to ambient thermal resistance of the part/package in the application (θJA), as given by the
following equation: TA-MAX = TJ-MAX-OP – (θJA × PD-MAX). See applications section.
Note 6: Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly application and board-layout dependent. In applications where high maximum power dissipation exists,
special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues in board design.
Note 7: Min and Max limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical numbers are not guaranteed, but do represent the most likely norm.
Note 8: The device maintains a stable, regulated output voltage without a load current.
Note 9: Dropout voltage is the voltage difference between the input and the output at which the output voltage drops to 100 mV below its nominal value. This
parameter only applies to output voltages above 2.8V.
Note 10: Quiescent current is defined here as the difference in current between the input voltage source and the load at VOUT.
Note 11: Short Circuit Current is measured with VOUT pulled to 0V.
Note 12: There is a 3 M resistor between VEN and ground on the device.
Note 13: This specification is guaranteed by design.
Note 14: Detailed description of the board can be found in JESD51-7
Output & Input Capacitor, Recommended Specifications
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Nom Max Units
CIN Input Capacitance Capacitance for stability 0.3 1.0 µF
COUT Output Capacitance 0.3 1.0 10
ESR Output/Input Capacitance 5 500 m
Note: The minimum capacitance should be greater than 0.3 µF over the full range of operating conditions. The capacitor tolerance should be 30% or better over
the full temperature range. The full range of operating conditions for the capacitor in the application should be considered during device selection to ensure this
minimum capacitance specification is met. X7R capacitors are recommended however capacitor types X5R, Y5V and Z5U may be used with consideration of the
application and conditions.
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LP5990
Typical Performance Characteristics. Unless otherwise specified,CIN = COUT = 1.0µF, VIN = VOUT
(NOM) + 1.0V, VEN = 1.0V, IOUT = 1mA , T A = 25°C.
Output Voltage Change vs Temperature
20184899
Ground Current vs Load Current
20184843
Ground Current vs V IN.I LOAD= 1mA
20184854
Ground Current vs VIN. I LOAD = 200mA
20184851
Dropout Voltage
20184889
Load Transient Response VOUT = 2.8V
20184887
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LP5990
Typical Performance Characteristics (continued). Unless otherwise specified,CIN = COUT =
1.0µF, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1.0V, VEN = 1.0V, IOUT = 1mA , T A = 25°C.
Load Transient Response. VOUT = 2.8V
20184886
Short Circuit Current
20184888
Line Transient Response
20184895
Line Transient Response
20184885
Start-up Time
20184893
Shutdown Characteristics
20184890
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LP5990
Typical Performance Characteristics (continued). Unless otherwise specified,CIN = COUT =
1.0µF, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1.0V, VEN = 1.0V, IOUT = 1mA , T A = 25°C.
Power Supply Rejection ratio
20184844
Output Noise Density
20184845
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LP5990
Application Hints
POWER DISSIPATION AND DEVICE OPERATION
The permissible power dissipation for any package is a mea-
sure of the capability of the device to pass heat from the power
source, the junctions of the IC, to the ultimate heat sink, the
ambient environment. Thus the power dissipation is depen-
dent on the ambient temperature and the thermal resistance
across the various interfaces between the die and ambient
air. As stated in (Note 5) of the electrical characteristics, the
allowable power dissipation for the device in a given package
can be calculated using the equation:
The actual power dissipation across the device can be rep-
resented by the following equation:
PD = (VIN – VOUT) x IOUT
This establishes the relationship between the power dissipa-
tion allowed due to thermal consideration, the voltage drop
across the device, and the continuous current capability of the
device. These two equations should be used to determine the
optimum operating conditions for the device in the application.
EXTERNAL CAPACITORS
Like any low-dropout regulator, the LP5990 requires external
capacitors for regulator stability. The LP5990 is specifically
designed for portable applications requiring minimum board
space and smallest components. These capacitors must be
correctly selected for good performance.
INPUT CAPACITOR
An input capacitor is required for stability. The input capacitor
should be at least equal to or greater than the output capac-
itor. It is recommended that a 1.0 µF capacitor be connected
between the LP5990 input pin and ground.
This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 1
cm from the input pin and returned to a clean analogue
ground. Any good quality ceramic, tantalum, or film capacitor
may be used at the input.
Important: To ensure stable operation it is essential that
good PCB practices are employed to minimize ground
impedance and keep input inductance low. If these conditions
cannot be met, or if long leads are to be used to connect the
battery or other power source to the LP5990, then it is rec-
ommended to increase the input capacitor to at least 2.2µF.
Also, tantalum capacitors can suffer catastrophic failures due
to surge current when connected to a low-impedance source
of power (like a battery or a very large capacitor). If a tantalum
capacitor is used at the input, it must be guaranteed by the
manufacturer to have a surge current rating sufficient for the
application. There are no requirements for the ESR (Equiva-
lent Series Resistance) on the input capacitor, but tolerance
and temperature coefficient must be considered when select-
ing the capacitor to ensure the capacitance will remain 0.3
μF over the entire operating temperature range.
OUTPUT CAPACITOR
The LP5990 is designed specifically to work with very small
ceramic output capacitors. A ceramic capacitor (dielectric
types X5R or X7R) 1.0 μF, and with ESR between 5 m to
500 m, is suitable in the LP5990 application circuit.
Other ceramic capacitors such as Y5V and Z5U are less suit-
able owing to their inferior temperature characteristics. (See
section in Capacitor Characteristics).
For this device the output capacitor should be connected be-
tween the VOUT pin and a good ground connection and should
be mounted within 1 cm of the device.
It may also be possible to use tantalum or film capacitors at
the device output, VOUT, but these are not as attractive for
reasons of size and cost (see the section Capacitor Charac-
teristics).
The output capacitor must meet the requirement for the min-
imum value of capacitance (0.3μF) and have an ESR value
that is within the range 5 m to 500 m for stability.
CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS
The LP5990 is designed to work with ceramic capacitors on
the input and output to take advantage of the benefits they
offer. For capacitance values in the range of 1.0 μF to 4.7
μF, ceramic capacitors are the smallest, least expensive and
have the lowest ESR values, thus making them best for elim-
inating high frequency noise. The ESR of a typical 1.0 μF
ceramic capacitor is in the range of 20 m to 40 m, which
easily meets the ESR requirement for stability for the LP5990
For both input and output capacitors careful interpretation of
the capacitor specification is required to ensure correct device
operation. The capacitor value can change greatly depending
on the conditions of operation and capacitor type.
In particular the output capacitor selection should take ac-
count of all the capacitor parameters to ensure that the spec-
ification is met within the application.Capacitance value can
vary with DC bias conditions as well as temperature and fre-
quency of operation. Capacitor values will also show some
decrease over time due to aging. The capacitor parameters
are also dependant on particular case size with smaller sizes
giving poorer performance figures in general. As an example
Figure 1 shows a typical graph showing a comparison of ca-
pacitor case sizes in a Capacitance versus DC Bias plot. As
shown in the graph, as a result of the DC Bias condition, the
capacitance value may drop below the minimum capacitance
value given in the recommended capacitor table (0.3µF in this
case). Note that the graph shows the capacitance out of spec
for the 0402 case size capacitor at higher bias voltages. It is
therefore recommend that the capacitor manufacturer's spec-
ifications for the nominal value capacitor are consulted for all
conditions as some capacitors may not be suited in the ap-
plication.
The temperature performance of ceramic capacitors varies by
type and manufacturer. Most large value ceramic capacitors
(2.2 µF) are manufactured with Z5U or Y5V temperature
characteristics, which results in the capacitance dropping by
more than 50% as the temperature goes from 25°C to 85°C.
A better choice for temperature coefficient in a ceramic ca-
pacitor is X7R. This type of capacitor is the most stable and
holds the capacitance within ±15% over the temperature
range. Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramic
for use as output capacitors because they are more expen-
sive when comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage
ratings in the 0.47 μF to 4.7 μF range.
Another important consideration is that tantalum capacitors
have higher ESR values than equivalent size ceramics. This
means that while it may be possible to find a tantalum capac-
itor with an ESR value within the stable range, it would have
to be larger in capacitance (which means bigger and more
costly) than a ceramic capacitor with the same ESR value. It
should also be noted that the ESR of a typical tantalum will
www.national.com 8
LP5990
increase about 2:1 as the temperature goes from 25°C down
to −40°C, so some guard band must be allowed.
20184840
FIGURE 1. Graph Showing a Typical Variation in
Capacitance vs DC Bias
NO-LOAD STABILITY
The LP5990 will remain stable and in regulation with no ex-
ternal load.
ENABLE CONTROL
The LP5990 may be switched ON or OFF by a logic input at
the ENABLE pin, VEN . A high voltage at this pin will turn the
device on. When the enable pin is low, the regulator output is
off and the device typically consumes 3 nA. If the application
does not require the shutdown feature, the VEN pin should be
tied to VIN to keep the regulator output permanently on.
The signal source used to drive the VEN input must be able to
swing above and below the specified turn-on/off voltage
thresholds listed in the Electrical Characteristics section un-
der VIL and VIH.
micro SMD MOUNTING
The micro SMD package requires specific mounting tech-
niques, which are detailed in National Semiconductor Appli-
cation Note AN-1112.
For best results during assembly, alignment ordinals on the
PC board may be used to facilitate placement of the micro
SMD device.
micro SMD LIGHT SENSITIVITY
Exposing the micro SMD device to direct light may cause in-
correct operation of the device. Light sources such as halogen
lamps can affect electrical performance if they are situated in
proximity to the device.
Light with wavelengths in the red and infra-red part of the
spectrum have the most detrimental effect thus the fluores-
cent lighting used inside most buildings has very little effect
on performance.
9 www.national.com
LP5990
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
4-Bump Thin micro SMD
NS Package Number TMD04 CEA
The dimensions for X1, X2 and X3 are given as:
X1 = 0.866 mm ± 0.030 mm
X2 = 0.917 mm ± 0.030 mm
X3 = 0.600 mm ± 0.075 mm
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LP5990
Notes
11 www.national.com
LP5990
Notes
LP5990 Micropower 200mA CMOS Low Dropout Voltage Regulator
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