19-0217: Rev 4: s/96 MAXKILM 3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters General Description The MAX856-MAX859 are high-efficiency, CMOS, step- up, DC-DC switching regulators for small, low input volt age or battery-powered systems. The MAX856/MAX858 accept a positive input voltage between 0.8V and Vout and convert it to a higher, pin-selectable output voltage of 3.3V or 5V. The MAX857/MAX859 adjustable versions accept 0.8 to 6.0V input vollages and generate higher adjustable output voltages in the 2.7V to 6.0V range. Typical efficiencies are greater than 85%. Typical quies- cent supply current is 25uA (1A in shutdown). The MAX856-MAX85S combine ultra-low quiescent supply current and high efficiency to give maximum battery life. An internal MOSFET power transistor permits high switching frequencies. This benefit, combined with internally set peak inductor current limits, permits the use of small, low-cost inductors. The MAX856/MAX857 have a 500mA peak inductor current limit. The MAX858/MAX859 have a 125mA peak inductor current limit. Applications 3.3V to 5V Step-Up Conversion Palmtop Computers Portable Data-Collection Equipment Personal Data Communicators/Computers Medical Instrumentation 2-Cell & 3-Cell Battery-Operated Equipment Glucose Meters Typical Operating Circuit INPUT 08V 10 Vet QUTPLIT 47uH = SV AT100mA cA 3aVAT 126mA ON/OFF. ef SHDN LK MA AXLAA T 68uF _MANE5S awsv SELECT mC 96 our LOW-BATTERY perccTon Ty NT LOW-BATTERY LEO | DETECTOR OUTPUT IH FF en Features Use of Low-Cost Inductors Up to 500kKHz Switching Frequency 0.8 to 6.0 Input Supply Voltage 0.8V Typ Start-Up Supply Voltage 85% Eff lclency at 100mA 25yA Quiescent Current 1pA Shutdown Mode 125mA and 500mA Switch-Current Limits Permit Low-Battery Detector (LBI/LBO) + # +1.5% Reference Tolerance Over Temperature + + 8-Pin SO and pMAX Packages Ordering Information PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX856CSA O to +70% 850 MAX856CLUA 0% to +70 8 UMAX MAX856C/D O to +70C Dice* MAX856ESA -40C to +85C 8350 MAX856MJA -55C to +125C 8 CERDIP* MAX857CSA 0% to +70C 850 MAX857CUA 0% to +70C 8 UMAX MAX857C/D 0% to +70C Dice* MAX857ESA -40C to +85C 850 MAX857MJA 55C to +125C 8 CERDIP* Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet. * Dice are tested at Ta = +25T only. + Contact factory for availability. Pin Configuration TOP VIEW . = SHDN Gy] re] Lx as E] 4442044 GF] enn REF [5] MANGER fs] OUT tao Blt SO/uMAX ._ = anon E] bed ix es 2] AAAXLA 7] eno REF E] Maxees fs] OUT iso 4] rs] LBI SO/WMAX MAAXIAA Maxim Integrated Products 1 For free samples & the iatest literature: htip:/jwww.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800 6SEXVN-9S8XVNMAX856-MAX859 3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage (OUT to GND) oe Switch Voltage (LX to GND) .... SHDN, LBO to GND.......... LBI, REF, 3/5, FB to GND Reference Current (IREF) .... Continuous Power Dissipation ( A SO (derate 5. 88mW/C above +70) oe. HMAX (derate 4.1mW/G above +70C) .. CERDIP (derate 8.00mWiC above +70C) 0.3V,+7V Reverse Battery Current (Ta =+45C, Note 1)... 750mA Operating Temperature Ranges MAX85_C teeeeeetee MAX85 E MAX85_MJA .... 55C to +125C Junction Temperature been . + 150C Storage Temperature Range ... -B5C to +160C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) +300 Note 1: Reverse battery current is measured from the Typical Operating Circuit's battery input terminal to GND when the battery is connected backwards. A reverse current of 750mA will not exceed the SO or CERDIP package dissipation limits but, if lett for an extended time (more than ten minutes), may degrade performance. Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage io the device. These are siress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Circuits of Figure 2, Vin = 2.5V, lloap = OmA, Ta = Tain to TMAxX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at Ta = +25C.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX |UNITS MAX856, 3/5 = OV, OmA< z 3 5 +00 ~~ = oa [tanec hw SI 2 7 Th 1 50 Ta= -40C__""emespras, 02 = | Ta= 40C | 0 0 0 0 50 400 450 200 250 15 20 25 30 a5 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 REFERENCE LOAD CURRENT (A) INPUT GLTAGE (V) INPUT VGLTAGE ( MAX854/MAX857 5 QUIESCENT CURRENT MINIMUM START-UP INPUT VOLTAGE MAKES O/M AXBSS MINIMUM START-UP INPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE vs, LOAD CURRENT vs, LOAD CURRENT 16 145 B 14 SEE NGTE2 = 5 i 14 IN THE ELECTRICAL 110 2 = CHARACTERISTICS = = 13 E 12 #106 3 E <= 10 a 100 51 > > EF KE 3 oa @ 095 24 5 z 2 Bos a 990 a. el = 2 19 a o4 = 085 = o2 Ta= +85C 0.80 o basse 075 08 15 20 25 a0 35 40 ot 1 10 100 at 1 10 100 INPUT VOLTAGE (} LOAD CURRENT (maj LOAD CURRENT (maj MAXB56/M AX857 MAX858/MAX859 SHUTDOWN CURRENT MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT MAXIMUM CUTPUT CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE 10 400 : 100 2 a i 0g 350 : 90 z = oa a0 E oF < ~ 70 -our=33 & O86 ; & 250 cs 60 Sos Tar c F 200 = 50 = o4 Ta = +25C 3 450 Vout = 5 Ov 5 40 a = S 5 03 cS S 30 B yo 100 20 of Ta=-40C 50 10 0 0 o 15 20 25 30 35 40 10 15 20 25 360 35 40 1015 20 25 30 35 40 INPUT VOLTAGE {) INPUT VOLTAGE t) INPUT VOLTAGE (} 4 MA AXIAA3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (Circuits of Figure 2, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX856/MAX857 MAX856/MAX857 LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (5V MODE) LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (5V MODE) Vv Vout somultiiy 5omvidiv 3v : Vin a % Loan OmA to 100mA ; ormesdiv Vin=2 5V Sousfdiv MAX859 LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX858/MAX859 LOAD- TRANSIENT RESPONSE Poa ee Vout CnnnPeEOORRRRUOmnAGAGEEOrTOTOODEEETr = sis Soma Wout SOmM/ chy | Nv LOAD 0 Vin Om to 25m wv 25 AMidiv Vin=25V 2ms/div MAX858/MAX859 START-UP DELAY (8V MODE) Your ees q p aeaaharn TOE oc _ Vv Sennen. wes Vout ; fd j MeMAAA Sr bieeeerige SHDN =m _l povwenes So " EWalv 5 5 5 oc cpanieatitins css tiveness Vin=25, lioan=100nA msl Vin=25, ILaap= 25a Ems/cw MAAXLAA 5 6SEXVN-9S8XVNMAX856-MAX859 3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION MAX&56 MAX&57 MAXa58 MAXa59 1 1 SHDN Shutdown Input. When low, the entire circuit is off and VouT = VIN - Vb, where Vp is the forward voltage drop of the external Schottky rectitier. 2 af5 Selects the output voltage; connect to GND for 5V output, and to OUT tor 3.3V ~ output. 2 FB Feedback Input for adjustable-output operation. Connect to an external resistor voltage ~ divider between OUT and GND. 3 4 REF 1.25V Reference Voltage Output. Bypass with 0.22uF to GND (0.1pF if there is no external reference load). Maximum load capability is 250A source, 20UA sink. Low-Battery Output. An open-drain N-channel MOSFET sinks current when the voltage at 4 4 LBO LBI drops below 1.25V. Low-Battery Input. When the voltage on LBI drops below 1.25V, LBO sinks current. 5 5 LBI If not used, connect to Vy. 6 6 OUT Connect OUT to the regulator output. OUT provides bootstrap power to the IC. 7 7 GND Power Ground. Must be low impedance; solder directly to ground plane. 8 8 LX N-Channel Power-MOSFET Drain Detailed Description Operating Principle The MAX856-MAX859 combine a switch-mode regula- ter, N-channel power MOSFET, precision voltage refer- ence, and power-fail detector in a single monolithic device. The MOSFET is a sense-FET type for best efficiency, and has a very low gate threshold voltage to ensure start-up with low battery voltages (0.8V typ). PFM Controf Scheme A unique minimum-off-time, current-limited pulse-fre- quency modulation (PFM) control scheme is a key fea- ture of the MAX856 series (Figure 1). This scheme combines the high output power and efficiency of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) device with the ultra-low quiescent current of a traditional PFM pulse-skipper. There is no oscillator; at heavy loads, switching is accomplished through a constant-peak-current limit in the switch, which allows the inductor current to vary between this peak limit and some lesser value. At light loads, switching frequency is governed by a pair of one-shots, which set a minimum off-time (1s) and a maximum on-time (4us). The switching frequency depends upon the load and the input voltage, and can range up to 500kHz. The peak switch current of the internal MOSFET power switch is fixed at 500mMA +100mA (MAX856/MAX857) or 125mA +25mA (MAX858/MAX859). The switchs on- resistance is typically 10 (MAX856/MAX857) or 40 (MAX858/MAX859), resulting in a switch voltage drop (Vsw) of about 500mV under high output loads. The value of Vgw will decrease with light current loads. Conventional PWM converters generate constant-fre- quency switching noise, whereas the unique architec- ture of the MAX856-MAX859 produces variable-fre- quency switching noise. However, unlike conventional pulse-skippers (where noise amplitude varies with input voltage), noise in the MAX856 series does not exceed the switch current limit times the filter-capacitor equiva- lent series resistance (ESR). Voltage Reference The precision voltage reference is suitable for driving external loads, such as an analog-to-digital converter. The voltage-reference output changes less than +2% when sourcing up to 250A and sinking up to 20uA. If the reference drives an external load, bypass it with 0.22uF to GND. If the reference is unloaded, bypass it with at least 0.1pF. PRAXKLAA3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters MINIMUM OFF-TIME ONE-SHOT | _ Q TAG CNE-SHOT SHON | Vout FF _ R ae A + MAXIMUM - L END ON-TIME @# Trig Qa = ONE-SHGT ONE SHOT - CURFENT-LIMI COMPARATCR our MAAXILAA MAX@56-MAX859 = * me ERROR COM PARATOR ng (BO N FEF a = _LALCOMPARATOR | [ proce HE M AXe56/MAX58 CNLY *MAXB57/MAX859 ONLY Figure 1. Block Diagram MAAXLAA 7 6SEXVN-9S8XVNMAX856-MAX859 3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters _ Logic Inpuis and Quiputs The 3/5 input is internally diode clamped to GND and OUT, and should not be connected to signals outside this range. The SHDN input and LBO output (open- drain) are not clamped to V+ and can be pulled as high as 7V regardless of the voltage at OUT. Do hot leave control inputs (3/5, LBI, or SHDN) floating. Design Procedure Output Voltage Selection For the MAX856/MAX858,you can select a 3.3V or 5V output voltage under logic control, or by tying 3/5 to GND or OUT. Efficiency is typically better than 80% over a 2mA to 100mA (MAX856/MAX857) load range. The device is internally bootstrapped, with power derived from the output voltage (via OUT). When the output is in 5V mode, the higher internal supply voltage results in lower switch-transistor on-resistance, slightly greater output power, and higher efficiency. Bootstrapping allows the battery voltage to sag te 0.8V once the system is started. Therefore, the battery volt- age ranges from (VOUT + VD) to 0.8V (where Vp is the forward drop of the Schottky rectifier). If the battery volt- age exceeds the programmed output voltage, the out- put will follow the battery voltage. This is acceptable in many systems; however, the input or output voltage must not be forced above 7V. The MAX857/MAX859's output voltage is set by two resistors, Ri and Re (Figure 2b), which form a voltage divider between the output and FB. Use the following equation to determine the output voltage: Ri + R2 R2 Vout = VREF ( ) where VREF = 1.25V. Te simplify resistor selection: Rt = R2( YOUT . 4) VREF Since the input bias current at FB has a maximum value of 100nA, large values (10kQ to 300kQ) can be used for Ri and R with no significant accuracy loss. For 1% error, the current through Ri should be at least 100 times FB's bias current. Vin + oy L 47uH LB LX MA AXIM MAXE56/MAXB56 OUT ow si af Leg CUTPUT = SELECT 3 4 REF LEO GND t x C1 = Ce = 68yF PCR MAXB56 C1 = C2 =221F FORMAKB5B Vin 47quH L BI LX MAAXIAA MAXB57/MAX859 . OUT SHON FB REF LBO -- GND t Tz 1 = C2 = 68p1F FORMAK857 C1 = C2 =221F FORMAKB59 Figure 2a. Standard Application CircuitPreset Ouiput Vollage Figure 2b. Standard Application CircuitAdjustable Output Vollage PRAXKLAA3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters Low-Baitery Detection The MAX&856 series contains an on-chip comparator for low-battery detection. If the voltage at LBI falls below the regulator's internal reference voltage (1.25V), LBO {an open-drain output) sinks current to GND. The low- battery monitor's threshold is set by two resistors, R3 and R (Figure 2). Set the threshold voltage using the following equation: Ra = R4( VLBI - 4) VREF where VLBI is the desired threshold of the low-battery detector and VReFis the internal 1.25V reference. Since the LBI current is less than 100nA, large resistor values (typically 10k to 300k) can be used for R3 and R te minimize loading of the input supply. When the voltage at LBI is below the internal threshold, LBO sinks current to GND. Connect a pull-up resistor of 10k or more from LBO te OUT when driving CMOS circuits. When LBI is above the threshold, the LBO out put is off. If the low-battery comparator is not used, connect LBI to Vin and leave LB open. inductor Selection An inductor value of 47uHH performs well in most MAX856-MAX859 applications. However, the inductance value is not critical, and the MAX856-MAX859 will work with inductors in the 10uWH to 100uH range. Smaller inductance values typically offer a smaller physical size for a given series resistance, allowing the smallest overall circuit dimensions. However, due to higher peak inductor currents, the output voltage ripple (IPEAK x output filter capacitor ESR) also tends to be higher. Circuits using larger inductance values exhibit higher output current capability and larger physical dimen- sions fora given series resistance. The inductors incremental saturation current rating should be greater than the peak switch-current limit, which is 500mA for the MAX856/MAX857, and 125mA for the MAX858/MAX859. However, it is generally acceptable to bias the inductor into saturation by as much as 20%, although this will slightly reduce efficiency. The inductors DC resistance significantly affects effi- ciency. See the Efficiency vs. Load Current for Various Inductors graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. See Tables 1 and 2 for a list of suggested inductor suppliers. MAAXLAA Capacitor Selection A 68uF, 10V, 0.850, surface-mount tantalum (SMT) output filter capacitor typically provides 50mV output ripple when stepping up from 2V to 5V at 100mA (MAX856/ MAX857). Smaller capacitors (down to 10uF with higher ESRs) are acceptable for light loads or in applications that can tolerate higher output ripple. Values in the 10UF to 47UF range are recommended for the MAX858/MAX85s. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) of both bypass and filter capacitors affects efficiency and output rip- ple. The output voltage ripple is the product of the peak inductor current and the output capacitors ESR. Use low-ESR capacitors for best performance, or connect two or more filter capacitors in parallel. Low-ESR, SMT tantalum capacitors are currently available from Sprague (595D series) and AVX (TPS series). Sanyo OS-CON organic-semiconductor through-hele capaci- tors also exhibit very low ESR, and are especially useful for operation at cold temperatures. See Table 1 for alist of suggested capacitor suppliers. Rectifier Diode For optimum performance, a switching Schottky diode (such as the 1N5817) is recommended. Refer to Table 1 for a list of component suppliers. For low output power applications, a PN-junction switching diode (such as the 1N4148) will also work well, although its greater forward voltage drop will reduce efficiency. PC Layout and Grounding The MAX856 series high-frequency operation makes PG layout important for minimizing ground bounce and noise. Keep the IC's GND pin and the ground leads of C1 and C2 (Figure 1} less than 0.2in (5mm) apart. Also keep all connections to the FB and LX pins as short as possible. To maximize output power and efficiency and minimize output ripple voltage, use a ground plane and solder the ICs GND (pin 7) directly to the ground plane. 6SEXVN-9S8XVNMAX856-MAX859 3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters Table 1. Component Suppliers PRODUCTION METHOD INDUCTORS CAPACITORS RECTIFIERS Se sates | Motorola MBR 0600 Surface Mount See Table 2 AVX TPS series Nihon EC 15QS02L Sanyo Miniature Sumida OS-CON series Through Hole RCH654-220 low-ESR organic semiconductor Maxim MAXCo01 150uF, low-ESR Renco electrolytic Low-Cost RL 1284.22 Nichicon Motorola Through Hole CoilCratt PL series 1N5817 PCH-27-223 low-ESR electrolytic United Chemi-Con LXF series COMPANY PHONE FAX AVX USA: (207) 282-5111 (207) 283-1941 CoilCratt USA: (708) 639-6400 (708) 639-1469 Coiltronics USA: (407) 241-7876 (407) 241-9339 Matsuo USA: (714) 969-2491 (714) 960-6492 Motorola USA: (408) 749-0510 (800) 521-6274 Murata-Erie USA: (800) 831-9172 (404) 684-1541 Nichicon USA: (708) 843-7500 (708) 843-2798 Nihon USA: (805) 867-2555 (805) 867-2556 Japan: 81-3-3494-7411 81-3-3494-7414 Renco USA: (516) 586-5566 (516) 586-5562 Sanyo USA: (619) 661-6835 (619) 661-1055 Japan: 81-7-2070-6306 81-7-2070-1174 Sumida USA: (708) 956-0666 (708) 956-0702 Japan: 81-3-3607-5111 81-3-3607-5144 TDK USA: (708) 803-6100 (708) 803-6294 United Chemi-Con Japan: 03-3278-5111 USA: (714) 255-9500 03-3278-5358 (714) 255-9400 19 PRAXKLAA3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters Table 2. Surface-Mount Inductor Information INDUCTANCE RESISTANCE MANUFACTURER PART wn a) RATED on Nima) Sumida CDR105B-470 47 0.14 1.0 5.0 Sumida CDR74B-470 47 0.27 0.8 45 Sumida CD43-470 47 0.85 0.540 32 Sumida CD43-220 22 0.38 0.760 32 Murata-Erie LQH4N220 22 0.94 0.320 26 Murata-Erie LQH4N470 47 1.5 0.220 2.6 Murata-Erie LQH1N220 22 3.1 0.85 1.8 TDK NLG322522T-220K 22 1.15 0.210 22 TDK NLO@322522T-470K 47 2.25 0.150 22 Coiltronics CTX20-1 20 0.175 1.15 42 Coileraft DT1608-223 22 0.16 0.500 32 __ Ordering Information (continued) PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX858CSA 0 to +70C 8 SO MAX858CUA 0 to +70 8 UMAX MAX858C/D 0 to +70 Dice* MAX858 ESA -40C to +85C 850 MAX858MJA -55C to +125C 8 CERDIPt MAX859CSA 0% to +70C 8 SO MAX859CUA 0 10 +70C 8 UMAX MAX859C/D 0% to +70 Dice* MAX859ESA -40C to +85C 8 SO MAX85SMJA -55 to +125C 8 CERDIPt * Dice are tesied ai Ta = +25 only. * Contact factory for availability. MAAXLAA Chip Topography SHON 3/5 OR FB* (2.1336mm) REF LBG (1.4732mm) *3/5 FOR MAX856/MAX858; FB FOR MAX857/MAXB59. TRANSISTOR COUNT: 357; SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO OUT. 11 6SEXVN-9S8XVNMAX856-MAX859 3.3V/5V or Adjustable-Output, Step-Up DC-DC Converters Package Information DIM INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN. | MAX | MIN | MAX A [0.036 | 0044 | 0.91 | 1.11 mom ol c A1 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.10 | 0.20 Tt fH rH rH { A IF B | o0o10 | oo14 | 025 | 0.36 a c | 0.005 | 0.007 [ 013 | 0.18 le + D | o1is | 0120 [| 295 | 3.05 l n E |o1ie | 0120 | 295 | 3.05 B Al L 8 0.0256. 0.85 H_| o1a8 [0.198 | 478 | 5.03 L | o.016 | 0.028 | 041 | 066 | 0 6 0 6 ra E H Np 8-PIN uMAX MICROMAX SMALL OUTLINE ' PACKAGE BR DIM INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN | MAX | MIN | MAX A [0.053 | 0.069 | 1.95 | 1.75 _ D - { Ai | 0.004 | 0.010 | 040 | 0.25 eg ~ pege |S [0014 [Toots [035 [0.49 \ A . | 0.007 | 0.010 | 019 | 0.25 PU L E | 0.150 | 0.157 | 3.80 | 4.00 | | + @ 0.050 1.27 wle ele ; H | 0.228 | 0244 | 580 | 6.20 B c L L | 0.016 [0.050 | 040 | 127 INCHES [MILLIMETERS i Narrow SO DIM |PINS| Tain | MAX | MIN | MAX EH SMALL-OUTLINE pb | 8 [0.189 [0.197 | 4.80 [| 5.00 { PACKAGE Dobe foses [ose] sao bo.00 (0.150 in.) 2y-004iA 12 PRAXKLAA