APPLICATION NOTE HA17431 Series Shunt Regulators 2nd Edition ADE-504-004A (Z) Cautions 1. Hitachi neither warrants nor grants licenses of any rights of Hitachi's or any third party's patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights for information contained in this document. Hitachi bears no responsibility for problems that may arise with third party's rights, including intellectual property rights, in connection with use of the information contained in this document. 2. Products and product specifications may be subject to change without notice. Confirm that you have received the latest product standards or specifications before final design, purchase or use. 3. Hitachi makes every attempt to ensure that its products are of high quality and reliability. However, contact Hitachi's sales office before using the product in an application that demands especially high quality and reliability or where its failure or malfunction may directly threaten human life or cause risk of bodily injury, such as aerospace, aeronautics, nuclear power, combustion control, transportation, traffic, safety equipment or medical equipment for life support. 4. Design your application so that the product is used within the ranges guaranteed by Hitachi particularly for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other characteristics. Hitachi bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used beyond the guaranteed ranges. Even within the guaranteed ranges, consider normally foreseeable failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as fail-safes, so that the equipment incorporating Hitachi product does not cause bodily injury, fire or other consequential damage due to operation of the Hitachi product. 5. This product is not designed to be radiation resistant. 6. No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole or part of this document without written approval from Hitachi. 7. Contact Hitachi's sales office for any questions regarding this document or Hitachi semiconductor products. Contents Section 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Outline .............................................................................................. Features ......................................................................................................... Selection Guide ............................................................................................... Pin Arrangement by Product .............................................................................. Section 2 2.1 2.2 Specifications ................................................................................... Absolute Maximum Ratings.............................................................................. Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................... 1 1 2 3 4 4 6 Section 3 Characteristics Curves ...................................................................... Section 4 Outline Dimensions .......................................................................... 13 Section 5 MPAK-5 and UPAK Marking Patterns ............................................ 14 Section 6 Ordering Information........................................................................ 16 Section 7 17 18 21 21 21 23 24 7.1 7.2 7.3 Application Examples ....................................................................... Application Hints ............................................................................................ Design Guide for AC-DC SMPS (Switching Mode Power Supply) ........................... 7.2.1 Use of Shunt Regulator in Transformer Secondary Side Control..................... 7.2.2 Determination of External Constants for the Shunt Regulator........................ 7.2.3 Practical Example ................................................................................. Circuit Example AC-DC SMPS......................................................................... 8 Section 1 Outline The HA17431 series is a family of voltage referenced shunt regulators. The main application of these products is in voltage regulators that provide a variable output voltage. The HA17431 series products are provided in a wide range of packages; TO-92 and TO-92MOD insertion mounting packages and MPAK-5, UPAK, and FP-8D surface mounting packages are available. The on-chip high-precision reference voltage source can provide 1% accuracy in the V versions, which have a VKAmax of 16 volts. The HA17431VLP, which is provided in the MPAK-5 package, is designed for use in switching mode power supplies. It provides a built-in photocoupler bypass resistor for the PS pin, and an error amplifier can be easily constructed on the supply side. 1.1 Features * * * * The V versions provide 2.500 V 1% at Ta = 25C The HA17431VLP includes a photocoupler bypass resistor (2 k) The reference voltage has a low temperature coefficient The MPAK-5 and UPAK miniature packages are optimal for use on high mounting density circuit boards * A wide operating temperature range (-40 to +85C) is provided by the TO-92, TO-92MOD, and FP-8D package versions K PS * 2 k REF + - 2.500 V A Note: The PS pin is only provided by the HA17431VLP. Figure 1.1 Block Diagram HITACHI 1 1.2 Selection Guide HA17431 V Version A Version Normal Version Accuracy 1% (at 25C) 2.2% 4% Max 2.525 V 2.550 V 2.595 V Typ 2.500 V 2.495 V 2.495 V Min 2.475 V 2.440 V 2.395 V Cathode voltage 16 V max 40 V max 40 V max Cathode current 50 mA max 150 mA max 150 mA max Wide temperature use HA17431VPJ Item Reference voltage Package Temp. Range HA17431PNAJ TO-92 -40 to +85C HA17431PAJ TO-92MOD HA17431PJ HA17431FPAJ FP-8D HA17431FPJ Industrial use HA17431VLP HA17431VP HA17431PNA TO-92 HA17431UPA UPAK HA17432UPA UPAK HA17431PA TO-92MOD HA17431FPA TO-92MOD FP-8D HA17431FP 2 HITACHI FP-8D MPAK-5 HA17431P Commercial use TO-92MOD FP-8D HA17431UA UPAK HA17432UA UPAK -20 to +85C 1.3 Pin Arrangement by Product Product Name Package HA17431PA TO-92MOD Pin Arrangement R A K HA17431VP (2.5 V series) HA17431PNA TO-92 R A K HA17431UA HA17431UPA HA17432UA HA17432UPA HA17431VLP (2.5 V series) UPAK R A K K A R UPAK MPAK-5 NC R HA17431FPA SOP-8 PS A K R NC A K NC NC NC NC HITACHI 3 Section 2 Specifications 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C) Item Symbol HA17431VLP HA17431VP HA17431VPJ Unit Notes Cathode voltage VKA 16 16 16 V 1 PS term. voltage VPS VKA to 16 -- -- V 1, 2, 3 Continuous cathode current IK -50 to +50 -50 to +50 -50 to +50 mA Reference input current Iref -0.05 to +10 -0.05 to +10 -0.05 to +10 mA Power dissipation PT 150*4 500*5 500*5 mW Operating temperature range Topr -20 to +85 -20 to +85 -40 to +85 C Storage temperature Tstg -55 to +150 -55 to +150 -55 to +150 C Item Symbol HA17431P/PA HA17431FP/FPA HA17431UA/UPA Unit Notes Cathode voltage VKA 40 40 40 V 1 Continuous cathode current IK -100 to +150 -100 to +150 -100 to +150 mA Reference input current Iref -0.05 to +10 -0.05 to +10 -0.05 to +10 mA Power dissipation PT 800*6 500*7 800*8 mW Operating temperature range Topr -20 to +85 -20 to +85 -20 to +85 C Storage temperature Tstg -55 to +150 -55 to +125 -55 to +150 C Item Symbol HA17431PJ/PAJ Cathode voltage VKA 40 Continuous cathode current IK -100 to +150 Reference input current Iref -0.05 to +10 -0.05 to +10 mA Power dissipation PT 800*6 500*7 mW Operating temperature range Topr -40 to +85 -40 to +85 C Storage temperature Tstg -55 to +150 -55 to +125 C 4 HITACHI HA17431FPJ/FPAJ 4, 5 6, 7, 8 Unit Notes 40 V 1 -100 to +150 mA 6, 7 Item Symbol HA17432UA/UPA HA17431PNA HA17431PNAJ Unit Notes Cathode voltage VKA 40 40 40 V 1 Continuous cathode current IK -100 to +150 -100 to +150 -100 to +150 mA Reference input current Iref -0.05 to +10 -0.05 to +10 -0.05 to +10 mA 6 5 5 Power dissipation PT 800* 500* 500* mW Operating temperature range Topr -20 to +85 -20 to +85 -40 to +85 C Storage temperature Tstg -55 to +150 -55 to +150 -55 to +150 C 5, 6 Notes: 1. Voltages are referenced to anode. 2. The PS pin is only provided by the HA17431VLP. 3. The PS pin voltage must not fall below the cathode voltage. If the PS pin is not used, the PS pin is recommended to be connected with the cathode. 4. Ta 25C. If Ta > 25C, derate by 1.2 mW/C. 5. Ta 25C. If Ta > 25C, derate by 4.0 mW/C. 6. Ta 25C. If Ta > 25C, derate by 6.4 mW/C. 7. 50 mm x 50 mm x t 1.5 mm glass epoxy board, Ta 25C. If Ta > 25C, derate by 5 mW/C. 8. 15 mm x 25 mm x t 0.7 mm alumina ceramic board, Ta 25C. If Ta > 25C, derate by 6.4 mW/C. HITACHI 5 2.2 Electrical Characteristics HA17431VLP/VP/VPJ (Ta = 25C, I K = 10 mA) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions Reference voltage Vref 2.475 2.500 2.525 V VKA = Vref Reference voltage temperature deviation Vref(dev) -- 10 -- mV Reference voltage temperature coefficient Vref/Ta -- 30 -- ppm/C VKA = Vref 0C to 50C gradient Reference voltage regulation Vref/VKA -- 2.0 3.7 mV/V VKA = Vref to 16 V Reference input current Iref -- 2 6 A R1 = 10 k, R2 = Reference current temperature deviation Iref(dev) -- 0.5 -- A R1 = 10 k, R2 = Minimum cathode current Imin -- 0.4 1.0 mA VKA = Vref Off state cathode current Ioff -- 0.001 1.0 A VKA = 16 V, Vref = 0 V Dynamic impedance ZKA -- 0.2 0.5 VKA = Vref Bypass resistance RPS 1.6 2.0 2.4 k I PS = 1 mA 3 Bypass resistance temperature coefficient RPS/Ta -- +2000 -- ppm/C I PS = 1 mA 3 6 HITACHI VKA = Vref Notes 1 Ta = -20C to +85C Ta = -20C to +85C 2 I K = 1 mA to 50 mA 0C to 50C gradient HA17431PJ/PAJ/FPJ/FPAJ/P/PA/UA/UPA/FP/FPA/PNA/PNAJ, HA17432UA/UPA (Ta = 25C, I K = 10 mA) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions Notes Reference voltage Vref 2.440 2.495 2.550 V VKA = Vref A 2.395 2.495 2.595 -- 11 (30) -- 5 (17) 1.4 3.7 -- 1 2.2 Reference voltage temperature deviation Vref(dev) Normal mV VKA = Vref Ta = 1, 4 -20C to +85C Ta = 0C 1, 4 to +70C Reference voltage regulation Vref/VKA -- Reference input current Iref -- 3.8 6 A R1 = 10 k, R2 = Reference current temperature deviation Iref(dev) -- 0.5 (2.5) A R1 = 10 k, R2 = Minimum cathode current Imin -- 0.4 1.0 mA VKA = Vref Off state cathode current Ioff -- 0.001 1.0 A VKA = 40 V, Vref = 0 V Dynamic impedance ZKA -- 0.2 0.5 VKA = Vref mV/V VKA = Vref to 10 V VKA = 10 V to 40 V 4 Ta = 0C to 70C 2 I K = 1 mA to 100 mA Notes: 1. Vref(dev) = Vref(max) - Vref(min) Vref(max) Vref(dev) Vref(min) Ta Min Ta Max 2. Imin is given by the cathode current at Vref = Vref(IK=10mA) - 15 mV. 3. RPS is only provided in HA17431VLP. 4. The maximum value is a design value (not measured). HITACHI 7 Section 3 Characteristics Curves HA17431VLP/VP/VPJ Reference voltage Vref (V) Reference Voltage Temperature Characteristics 2.575 VK=Vref IK=10mA 2.550 2.525 K 2.500 REF IK V Vref A 2.475 2.450 2.425 -20 0 20 40 60 80 85 Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Characteristics 1 1.0 Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Characteristics 2 50 Cathode current IK (mA) Cathode current IK (mA) Ambient temperature Ta (C) VK=Vref 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 Cathode voltage VK (V) 8 HITACHI 5 VK=Vref 0 -50 -5 0 Cathode voltage VK (V) 5 Dynamic impedance ZKA () Dynamic Impedance vs. Frequency Characteristics 100 10 K 1 IK REF io V VK A 0.1 io = 2mAP-P 0.01 100 ZKA= 1k 10k 100k VK () io 1M Frequency f (Hz) 0 50 GVOL -180 0 Phase delay (degrees) Open loop voltage gain GVOL (dB) Open Loop Voltage Gain, Phase vs. Frequency Characteristics 220 Vo IK=10mA 15k 10F - + K REF Vi A 8.2k -360 G = 20log 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M Vo (dB) Vi Frequency f (Hz) HITACHI 9 HA17431PJ/PAJ/FPJ/FPAJ/P/PA/UA/UPA/FP/FPA Cathode current IK (mA) Oscillation Stability vs. Load Capacitance between Anode and Cathode 1.5 150 100 Oscillation region Stable region VCC 50 CL 0 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 2.0 Load capacitance CL (F) 40 30 90 20 220 15 k 10 F 10 Vin 0 10 Phase (degrees) Open loop voltage gain GVOL (dB) Open Loop Voltage Gain, Phase vs. Frequency Characteristics (1) (With no feedback capacitance) 60 GV IK = 10 mA 50 0 180 Vout GND 8.2 k 100 1k 10 k 100 k Frequency f (Hz) IK = 5 mA 10 G G 180 Cf = 0.022 F 5 Cf = 0.22 F 0 200 F Cf 2.4 k Vin -4 10 50 270 2k + Vout - 20 V 360 GND 100 1k Frequency f (Hz) 10 HITACHI 10 k Phase (degrees) 8 7.5 k Open loop voltage gain GVOL (dB) Open Loop Voltage Gain, Phase vs. Frequency Characteristics (2) (When a feedback capacitance (Cf) is provided) Reference voltage pin Input current Iref (A) Reference Voltage Pin Input Current vs. Cathode Voltage Characteristics 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 IK = 10 mA 0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Cathode voltage VK (V) Reference Voltage Temperature Characteristics 2.50 VKA = Vref IK = 10 mA 2.49 Pulse Response Input/Output voltage VI (V) 5 Reference voltage Vref (V) INPUT (P.G) 4 3 OUTPUT (Vout) 2 50 220 Vout 1 GND 2.48 2.47 2.46 2.45 P.G f = 100 kHz 0 1 2 3 4 Time t (s) 5 6 2.44 -20 0 20 40 60 80 85 Ambient temperature Ta (C) HITACHI 11 3 Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Characteristics (1) 150 R1 = 10 k R2 = IK = 10 mA 2.5 120 100 Cathode current IK (mA) Reference voltage pin input current Iref (A) Reference Voltage Pin Input Current Temperature Characteristics 2 1.5 1 80 60 40 20 0 -20 VK = Vref Ta = 25C -40 -60 0.5 -80 0 -20 0 20 40 60 -100 80 85 -2 Ambient temperature Ta (C) 0.8 0.6 Imin 0.2 0 1 2 Cathode voltage VK (V) 12 HITACHI 1 2 3 Cathode Current Temperature Characteristics when Off State 2 Cathode current when off state Ioff (nA) Cathode current IK (mA) VKA = Vref Ta = 25C 0.4 0 Cathode voltage VK (V) Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Characteristics (2) 1.2 1.0 -1 3 VKA = 40 V Vref = 0 1.5 1 0.5 -20 0 20 40 60 Ambient temperature Ta (C) 80 85 Section 4 Outline Dimensions HA17431UA/UPA 1.5 1.5 3.0 0.44 Max (0.8) 1.1 - 0.1 + 0.2 (0.95) (0.95) (0.2) 0.53 Max 0.48 Max (0.6) 0.40.1 0.2 2.8 +- 0.3 0.2 1.6 +- 0.1 0.40.1 (1.5) (2.5) 1 0 - 0.15 0.4 0.16 2.5 0.1 4.25 Max (0.6) 0.40.1 1.5 0.1 0.44 Max 0.8 Min 1.8 Max 1.9 0.40.1 Unit: mm 4.5 0.1 2.90.2 (0.4) HA17431VLP 0.10 10 mm HA17431FP/FPJ/FPA/FPAJ 10 mm HA17431VP/VPJ HA17431P/PJ/PA/PAJ 4.8 0.3 4.85 3.8 0.3 5.25 Max 1.27 0.15 0.42 0.08 0.5 0.1 1.27 2.54 8.0 0.5 2.3 Max 0.75 Max 0.60 Max 0.5 0.7 2.3 Max 0.7 2.03 Max 0.10 0.10 0.75 Max 0.60 Max 0.65 0.1 0.5 0.1 10.1 Min 4 3.8 0.3 5.0 0.2 1 4.8 0.3 12.7 Min 5 4.4 8 0.5 1.27 2.54 0.40 0.06 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm HITACHI 13 Section 5 MPAK-5 and UPAK Marking Patterns The marking patterns shown below are used on MPAK-5 and UPAK products. Note that the product code and mark pattern are different. The pattern is laser printed. HA17431VLP NC HA17431UA REF (1) (2) 4 P (a) (b) REF HA17431UPA PS A (4) 4 A (1) (2) REF A (c) A Band Mark K 4 B (1) (2) A A Band Mark K K (3) (4) (5) HA17432UA K (3) (4) 4 F (1) (2) (5) HA17432UPA 4 C (1) (2) K A A Band Mark A A Band Mark REF REF (3) (4) (5) (3) (4) (5) Figure 5.1 MPAK-5 and UPAK Marking Patterns Notes: 1. Boxes (1) to (5) in the figures show the position of the letters or numerals, and are not actually marked on the package. 2. The letters (1) and (2) show the product specific mark pattern. Product (1) (2) HA17431VLP 4 P HA17431UA 4 A HA17431UPA 4 B Product (1) (2) HA17432UA 4 C HA17432UPA 4 F 14 HITACHI 3. The letter (3) shows the production year code (the last digit of the year) for UPAK products. 4. The bars (a), (b) and (c) show a production year code for MPAK-5 products as shown below. After 2005 the code is repeated every 8 years. Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 (a) Bar Bar Bar Bar None None None None (b) None None Bar Bar None None Bar Bar (c) None Bar None Bar None Bar None Bar 5. The letter (4) shows the production month code (see table below). Production month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Marked code A E H L B C D F G J K M 6. The letter (5) shows manufacturing code for UPAK products. HITACHI 15 Section 6 Ordering Information Taping specifications must be attached after the product name. The quantity must be a multiple of ordering unit (see table below). ex. HA17431VLP-EL 15,000pcs Quantity Taping code Product name Table 6.1 Taping Specifications Package Taping Code MPAK-5 EL Packing 3000 pcs Illustration Feed direction 8.0 Embossed taping L type in 180 reel Ordering Unit 4.0 TL Embossed taping L type in 180 reel 1000 pcs Feed direction 12.0 UPAK 8.0 EL 2500 pcs Embossed taping L type in 330 reel 2500 pcs 12.7 Back Adhesive tape Feed direction 12.0 FP-8D Fan-folded taping in 336 x 262 x 47 mm3 box (TO-92), Fan-folded taping in 330 x 200 x 43 mm3 box (TO-92MOD) 18.0 TO-92 TZ TO-92MOD 8.0 16 HITACHI Section 7 Application Examples As shown in the figure below, this IC operates as an inverting amplifier, with the REF pin as an input pin. The open-loop voltage gain is given by the reciprocal of "reference voltage deviation by cathode voltage change" in the electrical specifications, and is approximately 50 to 60 dB. The REF pin has a high input impedance, with an input current Iref of 3.8 A typ (V version: Iref = 2 A typ). The output impedance of the output pin K (cathode) is defined as dynamic impedance ZKA, and ZKA is low (0.2 ) over a wide cathode current range. A (anode) is used at the minimum potential, such as ground. K REF - + VCC OUT VEE VZ 2.5V A Figure 7.1 Operation Diagram HITACHI 17 7.1 Application Hints No. Application Example Description 1 Reference voltage generation circuit This is the simplest reference voltage circuit. The value of the resistance R is set so that cathode current IK 1 mA. Vin Vout R K Output is fixed at Vout 2.5 V. CL REF GND 2 The external capacitor CL (CL 3.3 F) is used to prevent oscillation in normal applications. A GND Variable output shunt regulator circuit Vin Vout R Here, Vout 2.5 V x Iref R1 K REF CL A R2 GND GND 3 Single power supply inverting comparator circuit VCC Vout K Vin REF A GND 18 HITACHI (R1 + R2) R2 Since the reference input current Iref = 3.8 A typ (V version: Iref = 2 A typ) flows through R 1, resistance values are chosen to allow the resultant voltage drop to be ignored. This is an inverting type comparator with an input threshold voltage of approximately 2.5 V. Rin is the REF pin protection resistance, with a value of several k to several tens of k. RL is the load resistance, selected so that the cathode current I K 1 mA when Vout is low. RL Rin This is circuit 1 above with variable output provided. GND Condition Vin Vout IC C1 Less then 2.5 V VCC (VOH) OFF C2 2.5 V or more Approx. 2 V (VOL) ON No. Application Example 4 AC amplifier circuit Description This is an AC amplifier with voltage gain G = -R1 / (R2//R3). The input is cut by capacitance Cin, so that the REF pin is driven by the AC input signal, centered on 2.5 VDC. VCC Cf RL R2 also functions as a resistance that determines the DC cathode potential when there is no input, but if the input level is low and there is no risk of Vout clipping to VCC, this can be omitted. R1 Vout K Cin R3 Vin REF A To change the frequency characteristic, Cf should be connected as indicated by the dotted line. R2 GND Gain G = R1 (DC gain) R2 // R3 1 2 Cf (R1 // R2 // R3) Cutoff frequency fc = 5 Switching power supply error amplification circuit + V R4 + R3 LED - (Note) The output voltage (between V+ and V-) is given by the following formula: (R1 + R2) R2 R1 Vout 2.5 V x R2 In this circuit, the gain with respect to the Vout error is as follows: Cf Secondary side GND This circuit performs control on the secondary side of a transformer, and is often used with a switching power supply that employs a photocoupler for offlining. R 2 - G= x HA17431 open x Photocoupler V loop gain total gain (R1 + R2) Note: LED: Light emitting diode in photocoupler R3: Bypass resistor to feed IK(>Imin) As stated earlier, the HA17431 open-loop gain is when LED current vanishes 50 to 60 dB. R4: LED protection resistance 6 Constant voltage regulator circuit VCC R1 Q Vout R2 This is a 3-pin regulator with a discrete configuration, in which the output voltage (R2 + R3) Vout = 2.5 V x . R3 R1 is a bias resistance for supplying the HA17431 cathode current and the output transistor Q base current. Cf R3 GND GND HITACHI 19 No. Application Example Description 7 Discharge type constant current circuit This circuit supplies a constant current of 2.5 V IL [A] into the load. Caution is required RS since the HA17431 cathode current is also superimposed on IL. VCC R Q 2.5 V The requirement in this circuit is that the cathode current must be greater than Imin = 1 mA. The IL setting therefore must be on the order of several mA or more. RS Load + Induction type constant current circuit + VCC R Load 8 IL - GND IL - Q In this circuit, the load is connected on the collector side of transistor Q in circuit 7 above. In this case, the load floats from GND, but the HA17431 cathode current is not superimposed on IL, so that IL can be kept small (1 mA or less is possible). The constant current value is the same as for circuit 7 above: IL 2.5 V GND 20 HITACHI RS 2.5 V RS [A] 7.2 Design Guide for AC-DC SMPS (Switching Mode Power Supply) 7.2.1 Use of Shunt Regulator in Transformer Secondary Side Control This example is applicable to both forward transformers and flyback transformers. A shunt regulator is used on the secondary side as an error amplifier, and feedback to the primary side is provided via a photocoupler. Transformer R1 SBD PWM IC HA17384 HA17385 IF IB VF Phototransistor Photocoupler Light emitting diode R3 R2 C1 K HA17431 V0 (-) Vref VK (+) Output R5 R4 REF A GND Figure 7.2 Typical Shunt Regulator/Error Amplifier 7.2.2 Determination of External Constants for the Shunt Regulator DC Characteristic Determination: In figure 7.2, R1 and R2 are protection resistor for the light emitting diode in the photocoupler, and R2 is a bypass resistor to feed IK minimum, and these are determined as shown below. The photocoupler specification should be obtained separately from the manufacturer. Using the parameters in figure 7.2, the following formulas are obtained: R1 = V0 - VF - VK V , R2 = F IF + IB IB VK is the HA17431 operating voltage, and is set at around 3 V, taking into account a margin for fluctuation. R2 is the current shunt resistance for the light emitting diode, in which a bias current IB of around 1/5 IF flows. Next, the output voltage can be determined by R3 and R4, and the following formula is obtained: V0 = R3 + R4 x Vref, Vref = 2.5 V Typ R4 HITACHI 21 The absolute values of R3 and R4 are determined by the HA17431 reference input current Iref and the AC characteristics described in the next section. The Iref value is around 3.8 A typ. (V version: 2 A typ) AC Characteristic Determination: This refers to the determination of the gain frequency characteristic of the shunt regulator as an error amplifier. Taking the configuration in figure 7.2, the error amplifier characteristic is as shown in figure 7.3. Gain G (dB) G1 G2 f1 fAC When R5 0 When R5 = 0 f2 fOSC Frequency f (Hz) * fOSC : PWM switching frequency Figure 7.3 HA17431 Error Amplification Characteristic In figure 7.3, the following formulas are obtained: Gain G1 = G0 50 dB (determined by shunt regulator) G2 = R5 R3 Corner frequencies f 1 = 1/(2 C 1 G 0 R3) f 2 = 1/(2 C 1 R5) G0 is the shunt regulator open-loop gain; this is given by the reciprocal of the reference voltage fluctuation Vref/VKA, and is approximately 50 dB. 22 HITACHI 7.2.3 Practical Example Consider the example of a photocoupler, with an internal light emitting diode VF = 1.05 V and IF = 2.5 mA, power supply output voltage V2 = 5 V, and bias resistance R2 current of approximately 1/5 I F at 0.5 mA. If the shunt regulator VK = 3 V, the following values are found. R1 = 5V - 1.05V - 3V = 317() (330 from E24 series) 2.5mA + 0.5mA R2 = 1.05V = 2.1(k) (2.2k from E24 series) 0.5mA Next, assume that R 3 = R4 = 10 k. This gives a 5 V output. If R5 = 3.3 k and C1 = 0.022 F, the following values are found. G2 = 3.3 k / 10 k = 0.33 times (-10 dB) f 1 = 1/(2 x x 0.022 F x 316 times x 10 k) = 2.3 (Hz) f 2 = 1/(2 x x 0.022 F x 3.3 k) = 2.2 (kHz) HITACHI 23 7.3 Circuit Example AC-DC SMPS - Rectifier bridge diode + 141V + - Commercial AC 100V 100 200V 220k 1/4W Line filter 1S2076A VIN 16.4V SBD HRP24 P 22 50V S + B - Transformer specification example EI-22 type core (H7C18 x 06Z) Gap length lg = 0.3mm Transformer coil example P: 0.580T/570H S: 0.516T Bifiler/22H B: 0.244T/170H + + 1.8k - 1000 10V 330 3.3 + - 2k B 4.7k HA17431 HA17384 HA17385 0.1 COMP 150k Vref 100p RT 10k CT 1000p 330p Photocoupler FB VIN CS OUT RT/CT GND 1k 4.7k 2SK1567 51 1 2W Figure 7.4 Circuit Example AC-DC SMPS 24 HITACHI DC 5V, 3A OUTPUT - HA17431 Series Shunt Regulators Application Note Publication Date: 1st Edition, July 1997 2nd Edition, August 1999 Published by: Electronic Devices Business Group Hitachi, Ltd. Edited by: Technical Documentation Group UL Media Co., Ltd. Copyright Hitachi, Ltd., 1997. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. H I TACHI, LTD. SEMICONDUCTOR AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DIVISION SALES OFFICES URL NorthAmerica Europe Asia (Singapore) Asia (Taiwan) Asia (HongKong) Japan HEADQUARTERS Semiconductor & IC Div. Nippon Bldg., 2-6-2, Ohte-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan Tel: <81> (3) 3270-2111 Fax: <81> (3) 3270-5109 USA Headquarters Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 179 East Tasman Drive, San Jose,CA 95134 Tel: <1> (408) 433-1990 Fax: <1> (408) 433-0223 Sales Offices Western Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 1740 Technology Drive, Suite 500 San Jose, CA 95110 Tel: <1> (408) 451-9570 Fax: <1> (408) 451-9859 Central Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. Two Lincoln Centre, Suite 1446 5420LBJ Freeway, Dallas, TX 75240 Tel: <1> (972) 991-4510 Fax: <1> (972) 991-6151 Eastern Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 25 Mall Road. Burlington, MA 01803 Tel: <1> (781) 229-2150 Fax: <1> (781) 229-6554 Southwest Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 2030 Main Street, Suite 450 Irvine, CA 92614 Tel: <1> (714) 553-8500 Fax: <1> (714) 553-8561 Mountain Pacific Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 4600 S. Ulster Street,Suite 690 Denver, CO 80237 Tel: <1> (303) 779-5535 Fax: <1> (303) 779-5207 Bloomington Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 3800 West 80th Street, Suite 1550 Bloomington, MN 55431 Tel: <1> (612) 896-3444 Fax: <1> (612) 896-3443 : : : : : : http:semiconductor.hitachi.com/ http://www.hitachi-eu.com/hel/ecg http://www.has.hitachi.com.sg/grp3/sicd/index.htm http://www.hitachi.com.tw/E/Product/SICD_Frame.htm http://www.hitachi.com.hk/eng/bo/grp3/index.htm http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Sicd/indx.htm Great Lakes Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. Fairlane Plaza North, Suite 311 290 Town Center Drive, Dearborn, MI 48126 Tel: <1> (313) 271-4410 Fax: <1> (313) 271-5707 Central Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 500 Park Boulevard, Suite 415 Itasca, IL 60143 Tel: <1> (630) 773-4864 Fax: <1> (630) 773-9006 South Central Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. One Westchase Center 10777 Westheimer Road Suite 1040 Houston, TX 77042 Tel: <1> (713) 974-0534 Fax: <1> (713) 974-0587 Mid-Atlantic Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 325 Columbia Turnpike, Suite 203 Florham Park, NJ 07932 Tel: <1> (973) 514-2100 Fax: <1> (973) 514-2020 Southeast Hitachi Semiconductor (America) Inc. 4901 N.W.17th Way, Suite 302 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309 Tel: <1> (954) 491-6154 Fax: <1> (954) 771-7217 CANADA Ottawa Hitachi (Canadian) Ltd. 320 March Road, Suite 602 Kanata, Ontario K2K2E3 Tel: <1> (613) 591-1990 Fax: <1> (613) 591-1994 Toronto Hitachi (Canadian) Ltd. 6740 Campobello Road Mississauga, Ontario L5N 2L8 Tel: <1> (905) 826-1363 Fax: <1> (905) 826-8818 Calgary Hitachi (Canadian) Ltd. 10655 Southport Road S.W, Suite 460 Calgary, Alberta T2W4Y1 Tel: <1> (403) 278-1881 Fax: <1> (403) 278-1810 EUROPE (CONTINENTAL EUROPE) Headquarters Hitachi Europe GmbH Electronic components Group Dornacher Strae 3 D-85622 Feldkirchen, Munich Germany Tel: <49> (89) 9 9180-0 Fax: <49> (89) 9 29 30 00 Sales Offices North Germany/Benelux Hitachi Europe GmbH Am Seestem 18; D-40547 Dusseldorf Postfach 11 05 36; D-40505 Dusseldorf Tel: Fax: <49> (211) 52 83-0 <49> (211) 52 83-779 Central Germany Hitachi Europe GmbH Friedrich-List-Strae 42 D-70771 Leinfelden-Echterdingen Tel: <49> (711) 99085-5 Fax: <49> (711) 99085-75 South Germany/Austria/Switzerland Hitachi Europe GmbH Dornacher Strae 3 D-85622 Feldkirchen Germany Tel: <49> (89) 9 91 80-0 Fax: <49> (89) 9 91 80-266 Italy Hitachi Europe GmbH Via Tommaso Gulli 39; I-20147 Milano Tel: <39> (2) 48 78 61 Fax: <39> (2) 48 78 63 91 Via F. D'Ovidio 97; I-00137 Roma Tel: <39> (6) 82 00 18 24 Fax: <39> (6) 82 00 18 25 Spain Hitachi Europe GmbH c/Buganvilla, 5; E-28036 Madrid Tel: <34> (91) 7 67 27 82 Fax: <34> (91) 3 83 85 11 EUROPE (NORTHERN EUROPE) Headquarters Hitachi Europe Ltd. Electronic Components Group. Whitebrook Park Lower Cookham Road Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8YA, United Kingdom Tel: <44> (1628) 585000 Fax: <44> (1628) 778322 Sales Offices Sweden Hitachi Europe Ltd. Haukadalsgatan 10 Box 1062, S-164 21 Kista, Stockholm Tel: <46> (8) 751-0035 Fax: <46> (8) 751-5073 France Hitachi Europe (France) S.A. 18 rue Grange Dame Rose; B.P. 134 F-78148 Velizy Cedex Tel: <33> (1) 34 63 05 00 Fax: <33> (1) 34 65 34 31 ASIA Headquarters Hitachi Asia Ltd. 16 Collyer Quay #20-00 Hitachi Tower Singapore 049318 Tel: <65> (535) 2100 <65> (538) 6533 Fax: <65> (535) 1533 <65> (538) 6933 Sales Offices Taiwan Hitachi Asia Ltd. Taipei Branch Office 3F, Hung Kuo Building. No.167, Tun-Hwa North Road, Taipei (105) Tel: <886> (2) 2718-3666 Fax: <886> (2) 2718-8180 Malaysia Hitachi Asia (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Suite 17.3 Level 17, Menara IMC (Letter Box No.5 Menara IMC) No.8 Jalan Sultan Ismail 50250 Kuala Lumpur Tel: <60> (3) 201-8751 Fax: <60> (3) 201-8757 Thailand Hitachi Asia (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 18th Floor Ramaland Bldg. 952 Rama IV Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500 Tel: <66> (2) 632-9292 Fax: <66> (2) 632-9299 ASIA (Hong Kong) Headquarters Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Group III (Electronic Components) 7/F., North Tower, World Finance Centre, Harbour City, Canton Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: <852> (2) 735 9218 Fax: <852> (2) 730 0281 Telex: 40815 HITEC HX Sales Offices Korea Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Seoul Branch Office 18 /F., Hanil Group Bldg. 191, 2-Ka, Hangang-Ro, Yongsan-ku, Seoul Tel: <82> (2) 796 3115 Fax: <82> (2) 796 2145 Telex: K28863 HITEC SL China Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Beijing Office Room No.1412, Beijing Fortune Bldg. 5 Dong San Huan, Bei Lu Chaoyang District, Beijing 100004 Tel: <86> (10) 6590 8852 Fax: <86> (10) 6590 8850 Telex: 210509 HTCBJ CN Hitachi Asia (HongKong) Ltd. Shanghai Office Suite 315, Level 3 West Podium, Shanghai Centre, 1376 Nanjing Xi Lu, Shanghai, 200040 Tel: <86> (21) 6279 8351/8361/8365 Fax: <86> (21) 6279 8275 Hitachi Asia (HongKong) Ltd. Guangzhou Office Room 3406-07, 34/F., Office Tower, Citic Plaza, No.233 Tianhe Bei Road Guangzhou, 510620 Tel: <86> (20) 8755 3748 Fax: <86> (20) 8750 8835