P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 8-bit 80C51 5 V low power 16/32/64 kB flash microcontroller with 1 kB RAM Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 Product data sheet 1. General description The P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 are 80C51 microcontrollers with 16/32/64 kB flash and 1024 B of data RAM. A key feature of the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 is its X2 mode option. The design engineer can choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (six clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus dramatically reducing the EMI. The flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial ISP. Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a device to be reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to field/update the application firmware makes a wide range of applications possible. The P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 is also capable of IAP, allowing the flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running. 2. Features n n n n n n n n n n n n n 80C51 CPU 5 V operating voltage from 0 MHz to 40 MHz 16/32/64 kB of on-chip flash user code memory with ISP and IAP Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or ISP SPI and enhanced UART PCA with PWM and capture/compare functions Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current port 1 pins (16 mA each) Three 16-bit timers/counters Programmable watchdog timer Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels Second DPTR register Low EMI mode (ALE inhibit) TTL- and CMOS-compatible logic levels P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core n Brownout detection n Low power modes u Power-down mode with external interrupt wake-up u Idle mode n DIP40, PLCC44 and TQFP44 packages 3. Ordering information Table 1. Ordering information Type number Package Name Description Version P89V51RB2FA PLCC44 plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads SOT187-2 P89V51RB2FN DIP40 plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil) SOT129-1 P89V51RB2BBC TQFP44 plastic thin quad flat package; 44 leads; body 10 x 10 x 1.0 mm SOT376-1 P89V51RC2FA PLCC44 plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads SOT187-2 P89V51RC2FBC TQFP44 plastic thin quad flat package; 44 leads; body 10 x 10 x 1.0 mm SOT376-1 P89V51RC2FN DIP40 plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil) SOT129-1 P89V51RD2FA PLCC44 plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads SOT187-2 P89V51RD2FBC TQFP44 plastic thin quad flat package; 44 leads; body 10 x 10 x 1.0 mm SOT376-1 P89V51RD2BN DIP40 plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil) SOT129-1 P89V51RD2FN DIP40 plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil) SOT129-1 3.1 Ordering options Table 2. Ordering options Type number Flash memory Temperature range Frequency P89V51RB2FA 16 kB -40 C to +85 C 0 MHz to 40 MHz P89V51RB2FN 16 kB -40 C to +85 C P89V51RB2BBC 16 kB 0 C to +70 C P89V51RC2FA 32 kB -40 C to +85 C P89V51RC2FBC 32 kB -40 C to +85 C P89V51RC2FN 32 kB -40 C to +85 C P89V51RD2FA 64 kB -40 C to +85 C P89V51RD2FBC 64 kB -40 C to +85 C P89V51RD2BN 64 kB 0 C to +70 C P89V51RD2FN 64 kB -40 C to +85 C P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 2 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 4. Block diagram P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 16/32/64 kB CODE FLASH P3[7:0] HIGH PERFORMANCE 80C51 CPU TXD RXD UART internal bus 1 kB DATA RAM TIMER 0 TIMER 1 T0 T1 PORT 3 TIMER 2 T2 T2EX SPICLK MOSI MISO SS P2[7:0] PORT 2 SPI P1[7:0] PORT 1 PCA PROGRAMMABLE COUNTER ARRAY P0[7:0] PORT 0 WATCHDOG TIMER CRYSTAL OR RESONATOR CEX[4:0] XTAL1 OSCILLATOR XTAL2 002aac772 Fig 1. Block diagram P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 3 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 5. Pinning information 40 P0.3/AD3 41 P0.2/AD2 42 P0.1/AD1 43 P0.0/AD0 n.c. 1 44 VDD P1.1/T2EX P1.0/T2 P1.2/ECI 4 2 P1.3/CEX0 5 3 P1.4/SS/CEX1 6 5.1 Pinning P1.5/MOSI/CEX2 7 39 P0.4/AD4 P1.6/MISO/CEX3 8 38 P0.5/AD5 P1.7/SPICLK/CEX4 9 37 P0.6/AD6 RST 10 36 P0.7/AD7 P3.0/RXD 11 35 EA P89V51RB2FA P89V51RC2FA P89V51RD2FA n.c. 12 P3.1/TXD 13 34 n.c. 33 ALE/PROG P2.4/A12 28 P2.3/A11 27 P2.1/A9 25 P2.2/A10 26 n.c. 23 P2.0/A8 24 VSS 22 29 P2.5/A13 XTAL1 21 30 P2.6/A14 P3.5/T1 17 XTAL2 20 31 P2.7/A15 P3.4/T0 16 P3.7/RD 19 32 PSEN P3.3/INT1 15 P3.6/WR 18 P3.2/INT0 14 002aaa810 Fig 2. PLCC44 pin configuration P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 4 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core P1.0/T2 1 P1.1/T2EX 2 40 VDD 39 P0.0/AD0 P1.2/ECI 3 38 P0.1/AD1 P1.3/CEX0 4 37 P0.2/AD2 P1.4/SS/CEX1 5 36 P0.3/AD3 P1.5/MOSI/CEX2 6 35 P0.4/AD4 P1.6/MISO/CEX3 7 34 P0.5/AD5 P1.7/SPICLK/CEX4 8 RST 9 P3.0/RXD 10 P3.1/TXD 11 33 P0.6/AD6 P89V51RB2FN P89V51RC2FN P89V51RD2BN P89V51RD2FN 32 P0.7/AD7 31 EA 30 ALE/PROG P3.2/INT0 12 29 PSEN P3.3/INT1 13 28 P2.7/A15 P3.4/T0 14 27 P2.6/A14 P3.5/T1 15 26 P2.5/A13 P3.6/WR 16 25 P2.4/A12 P3.7/RD 17 24 P2.3/A11 XTAL2 18 23 P2.2/A10 XTAL1 19 22 P2.1/A9 VSS 20 21 P2.0/A8 002aaa811 34 P0.3/AD3 35 P0.2/AD2 36 P0.1/AD1 37 P0.0/AD0 38 VDD 39 n.c. 40 P1.0/T2 41 P1.1/T2EX 42 P1.2/ECI 43 P1.3/CEX0 44 P1.4/SS/CEX1 Fig 3. DIP40 pin configuration P1.5/MOSI/CEX2 1 33 P0.4/AD4 P1.6/MISO/CEX3 2 32 P0.5/AD5 P1.7/SPICLK/CEX4 3 31 P0.6/AD6 RST 4 30 P0.7/AD7 P3.0/RXD 5 n.c. 6 P3.1/TXD 7 P3.2/INT0 8 26 PSEN P3.3/INT1 9 25 P2.7/A15 P3.4/T0 10 24 P2.6/A14 P3.5/T1 11 23 P2.5/A13 29 EA 28 n.c. P2.4/A12 22 P2.3/A11 21 27 ALE/PROG P2.2/A10 20 P2.1/A9 19 P2.0/A8 18 n.c. 17 VSS 16 XTAL1 15 XTAL2 14 P3.7/RD 13 P3.6/WR 12 P89V51RB2BBC P89V51RC2FBC P89V51RD2FBC 002aaa812 Fig 4. TQFP44 pin configuration P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 5 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 5.2 Pin description Table 3. P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 pin description Symbol Pin DIP40 TQFP44 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 P1.0 to P1.7 P1.0/T2 P1.1/T2EX 1 2 40 41 Description I/O Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. Port 0 pins that have `1's written to them float, and in this state can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external code and data memory. In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when transitioning to `1's. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during the external host mode programming, and outputs the code bytes during the external host mode verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification or as a general purpose I/O port. I/O P0.0 -- Port 0 bit 0. I/O AD0 -- Address/data bit 0. PLCC44 P0.0 to P0.7 P0.0/AD0 Type 2 3 I/O P0.1 -- Port 0 bit 1. I/O AD1 -- Address/data bit 1. I/O P0.2 -- Port 0 bit 2. I/O AD2 -- Address/data bit 2. I/O P0.3 -- Port 0 bit 3. I/O AD3 -- Address/data bit 3. I/O P0.4 -- Port 0 bit 4. I/O AD4 -- Address/data bit 4. I/O P0.5 -- Port 0 bit 5. I/O AD5 -- Address/data bit 5. I/O P0.6 -- Port 0 bit 6. I/O AD6 -- Address/data bit 6. I/O P0.7 -- Port 0 bit 7. I/O AD7 -- Address/data bit 7. I/O with internal pull-up Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 pins are pulled high by the internal pull-ups when `1's are written to them and can be used as inputs in this state. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally pulled LOW will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. P1.5, P1.6, P1.7 have high current drive of 16 mA. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during the external host mode programming and verification. I/O P1.0 -- Port 1 bit 0. I/O T2 -- External count input to Timer/counter 2 or Clock-out from Timer/counter 2. I/O P1.1 -- Port 1 bit 1. I T2EX: Timer/counter 2 capture/reload trigger and direction control. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 6 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 3. P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 pin description ...continued Symbol P1.2/ECI P1.3/CEX0 Pin DIP40 TQFP44 PLCC44 3 42 4 4 P1.4/SS/CEX1 5 P1.5/MOSI/ CEX2 P1.6/MISO/ CEX3 P1.7/SPICLK/ CEX4 6 7 8 43 44 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 P2.0 to P2.7 P2.0/A8 21 18 24 P2.1/A9 22 19 25 P2.2/A10 23 20 26 P2.3/A11 24 21 27 P2.4/A12 25 22 28 Type Description I/O P1.2 -- Port 1 bit 2. I ECI -- External clock input. This signal is the external clock input for the PCA. I/O P1.3 -- Port 1 bit 3. I/O CEX0 -- Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module 0. Each capture/compare module connects to a Port 1 pin for external I/O. When not used by the PCA, this pin can handle standard I/O. I/O P1.4 -- Port 1 bit 4. I SS -- Slave port select input for SPI. I/O CEX1 -- Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module 1. I/O P1.5 -- Port 1 bit 5. I/O MOSI -- Master Output Slave Input for SPI. I/O CEX2 -- Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module 2. I/O P1.6 -- Port 1 bit 6. I/O MISO -- Master Input Slave Output for SPI. I/O CEX3 -- Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module 3. I/O P1.7 -- Port 1 bit 7. I/O SPICLK -- Serial clock input/output for SPI. I/O CEX4 -- Capture/compare external I/O for PCA Module 4. I/O with internal pull-up Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 2 pins are pulled HIGH by the internal pull-ups when `1's are written to them and can be used as inputs in this state. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally pulled LOW will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 sends the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external Data Memory that use 16-bit address (MOVX@DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when transitioning to `1's. Port 2 also receives some control signals and a partial of high-order address bits during the external host mode programming and verification. I/O P2.0 -- Port 2 bit 0. O A8 -- Address bit 8. I/O P2.1 -- Port 2 bit 1. O A9 -- Address bit 9. I/O P2.2 -- Port 2 bit 2. O A10 -- Address bit 10. I/O P2.3 -- Port 2 bit 3. O A11 -- Address bit 11. I/O P2.4 -- Port 2 bit 4. O A12 -- Address bit 12. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 7 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 3. P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 pin description ...continued Symbol P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15 Pin DIP40 TQFP44 PLCC44 26 23 29 27 28 24 25 30 31 P3.0 to P3.7 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD PSEN 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 29 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 26 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 32 Type Description I/O P2.5 -- Port 2 bit 5. O A13 -- Address bit 13. I/O P2.6 -- Port 2 bit 6. O A14 -- Address bit 14. I/O P2.7 -- Port 2 bit 7. O A15 -- Address bit 15. I/O with internal pull-up Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 3 pins are pulled HIGH by the internal pull-ups when `1's are written to them and can be used as inputs in this state. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally pulled LOW will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 3 also receives some control signals and a partial of high-order address bits during the external host mode programming and verification. I P3.0 -- Port 3 bit 0. I RXD -- Serial input port. O P3.1 -- Port 3 bit 1. O TXD -- Serial output port. I P3.2 -- Port 3 bit 2. I INT0 -- External interrupt 0 input. I P3.3 -- Port 3 bit 3. I INT1 -- External interrupt 1 input. I/O P3.4 -- Port 3 bit 4. I T0 -- External count input to Timer/counter 0. I/O P3.5 -- Port 3 bit 5. I T1 -- External count input to Timer/counter 1. O P3.6 -- Port 3 bit 6. O WR -- External data memory write strobe. O P3.7 -- Port 3 bit 7. O RD -- External data memory read strobe. I/O Program Store Enable: PSEN is the read strobe for external program memory. When the device is executing from internal program memory, PSEN is inactive (HIGH). When the device is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. A forced HIGH-to-LOW input transition on the PSEN pin while the RST input is continually held HIGH for more than 10 machine cycles will cause the device to enter external host mode programming. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 8 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 3. P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 pin description ...continued Symbol Pin Type Description 10 I Reset: While the oscillator is running, a HIGH logic state on this pin for two machine cycles will reset the device. If the PSEN pin is driven by a HIGH-to-LOW input transition while the RST input pin is held HIGH, the device will enter the external host mode, otherwise the device will enter the normal operation mode. 29 35 I External Access Enable: EA must be connected to VSS in order to enable the device to fetch code from the external program memory. EA must be strapped to VDD for internal program execution. The EA pin can tolerate a high voltage of 12 V. 30 27 33 I/O Address Latch Enable: ALE is the output signal for latching the low byte of the address during an access to external memory. This pin is also the programming pulse input (PROG) for flash programming. Normally the ALE[1] is emitted at a constant rate of 16 the crystal frequency[2] and can be used for external timing and clocking. One ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. However, if AO is set to `1', ALE is disabled. n.c. - 6, 17, 28, 39 1, 12, 23, 34 I/O not connected XTAL1 19 15 21 I Crystal 1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock generator circuits. XTAL2 18 14 20 O Crystal 2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. VDD 40 38 44 I Power supply VSS 20 16 22 I Ground DIP40 TQFP44 PLCC44 RST 9 4 EA 31 ALE/PROG [1] ALE loading issue: When ALE pin experiences higher loading (>30 pF) during the reset, the microcontroller may accidentally enter into modes other than normal working mode. The solution is to add a pull-up resistor of 3 k to 50 k to VDD, e.g., for ALE pin. [2] For 6-clock mode, ALE is emitted at 13 of crystal frequency. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 9 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 6. Functional description 6.1 Special function registers Remark: SFR accesses are restricted in the following ways: * User must not attempt to access any SFR locations not defined. * Accesses to any defined SFR locations must be strictly for the functions for the SFRs. * SFR bits labeled `-', `0' or `1' can only be written and read as follows: - `-' Unless otherwise specified, must be written with `0', but can return any value when read (even if it was written with `0'). It is a reserved bit and may be used in future derivatives. - `0' must be written with `0', and will return a `0' when read. - `1' must be written with `1', and will return a `1' when read. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 10 of 80 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx NXP Semiconductors P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet Table 4. Special function registers * indicates SFRs that are bit addressable Name Description SFR address Bit address Bit functions and addresses MSB LSB E7 E6 E5 E4 - ACC* Accumulator E0H AUXR Auxiliary function register 8EH - - - AUXR1 Auxiliary function register 1 A2H - - - F7 F6 F5 Bit address E3 E2 E1 E0 - - EXTRAM AO GF2 0 - DPS F4 F3 F2 F1 F0 F0H CCAP0H Module 0 Capture HIGH FAH CCAP1H Module 1 Capture HIGH FBH CCAP2H Module 2 Capture HIGH FCH CCAP3H Module 3 Capture HIGH FDH CCAP4H Module 4 Capture HIGH FEH CCAP0L Module 0 Capture LOW EAH CCAP1L Module 1 Capture LOW EBH CCAP2L Module 2 Capture LOW ECH CCAP3L Module 3 Capture LOW EDH CCAP4L Module 4 Capture LOW EEH CCAPM0 Module 0 Mode DAH - ECOM_0 CAPP_0 CAPN_0 MAT_0 TOG_0 PWM_0 ECCF_0 CCAPM1 Module 1 Mode DBH - ECOM_1 CAPP_1 CAPN_1 MAT_1 TOG_1 PWM_1 ECCF_1 CCAPM2 Module 2 Mode DCH - ECOM_2 CAPP_2 CAPN_2 MAT_2 TOG_2 PWM_2 ECCF_2 CCAPM3 Module 3 Mode DDH - ECOM_3 CAPP_3 CAPN_3 MAT_3 TOG_3 PWM_3 ECCF_3 CCAPM4 Module 4 Mode DEH - ECOM_4 CAPP_4 CAPN_4 MAT_4 TOG_4 PWM_4 ECCF_4 DF DE DD DC DB DA D9 D8 CF CR - CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 CIDL WDTE - - - CPS1 CPS0 ECF Bit address 11 of 80 (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. CCON* PCA Counter Control D8H CH PCA Counter HIGH F9H CL PCA Counter LOW E9H CMOD PCA Counter Mode D9H DPTR Data Pointer (2 B) DPH Data Pointer HIGH 83H DPL Data Pointer LOW 82H 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core B register P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 B* xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx Name FST Description SFR address Flash Status Register B6 Bit address IEN0* Interrupt Enable 0 A8H Bit address IEN1* Interrupt Enable 1 E8H Bit address Bit functions and addresses MSB LSB - SB - - EDC - - - AF AE AD AC AB AA A9 A8 EA EC ET2 ES0 ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 EF EE ED EC EB EA E9 E8 - - - - EBO BF BE BD BC BB BA B9 B8 IP0* Interrupt Priority B8H - PPC PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 IP0H Interrupt Priority 0 HIGH B7H - PPCH PT2H PSH PT1H PX1H PT0H PX0H FF FE FD FC FB FA F9 F8 IP1* Interrupt Priority 1 F8H - - - - PBO IP1H Interrupt Priority 1 HIGH F7H - - - - PBOH B1H - - - - - - SWR BSEL Bit address Bit address P0* Port 0 80H Bit address P1* Port 1 90H P2* Port 2 A0H Bit address 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 CEX4/ SPICLK CEX3/ MISO CEX2/ MOSI CEX1/ SS CEX0 ECI T2EX T2 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 P3* Port 3 B0H RD WR T1 T0 INT1 INT0 TXD RXD PCON Power Control Register 87H SMOD1 SMOD0 BOF POF GF1 GF0 PD IDL D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV F1 P 9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98 SM0/FE_ SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI Bit address 12 of 80 (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. PSW* Program Status Word D0H RCAP2H Timer2 Capture HIGH CBH RCAP2L Timer2 Capture LOW CAH Bit address SCON* Serial Port Control 98H SBUF Serial Port Data Buffer Register 99H 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Bit address 87 AD7 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 FCF NXP Semiconductors P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet Table 4. Special function registers ...continued * indicates SFRs that are bit addressable xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx Name Description SFR address SADDR Serial Port Address Register A9H SADEN Serial Port Address Enable B9H Bit address Bit functions and addresses MSB LSB 87[1] 86[1] 85[1] 84[1] 83[1] 82[1] 81[1] 80[1] SPCTL SPI Control Register D5H SPIE SPEN DORD MSTR CPOL CPHA SPR1 SPR0 SPCFG SPI Configuration Register AAH SPIF SPWCOL - - - - - - SPDAT SPI Data 86H SP Stack Pointer 81H 8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88 TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 CF CE CD CC CB CA C9 C8 TCLK EXEN2 TR2 C/T2 CP/RL2 T2OE DCEN Bit address TCON* Timer Control Register 88H Timer2 Control Register C8H TF2 EXF2 RCLK T2MOD Timer2 Mode Control C9H - - ENT2 TH0 Timer 0 HIGH 8CH TH1 Timer 1 HIGH 8DH TH2 Timer 2 HIGH CDH TL0 Timer 0 LOW 8AH TL1 Timer 1 LOW 8BH TL2 Timer 2 LOW CCH TMOD Timer 0 and 1 Mode 89H GATE C/T M1 M0 GATE C/T M1 M0 WDTC Watchdog Timer Control C0H - - - WDOUT WDRE WDTS WDT SWDT WDTD Watchdog Timer Data/Reload 85H [1] Unimplemented bits in SFRs (labeled '-') are `X's (unknown) at all times. Unless otherwise specified, `1's should not be written to these bits since they may be used for other purposes in future derivatives. The reset values shown for these bits are `0's although they are unknown when read. 13 of 80 (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core T2CON* P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 Bit address NXP Semiconductors P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet Table 4. Special function registers ...continued * indicates SFRs that are bit addressable P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 6.2 Memory organization The device has separate address spaces for program and data memory. 6.2.1 Flash program memory bank selection There are two internal flash memory blocks in the device. Block 0 has 16/32/64 kB and is organized as 128/256/512 sectors, each sector consists of 128 B. Block 1 contains the IAP/ISP routines and may be enabled such that it overlays the first 8 kB of the user code memory. The overlay function is controlled by the combination of the Software Reset Bit (SWR) at FCF.1 and the Bank Select Bit (BSEL) at FCF.0. The combination of these bits and the memory source used for instructions is shown in Table 5. Table 5. Code memory bank selection SWR (FCF.1) BSEL (FCF.0) Addresses from 0000H to Addresses above 1FFFH 1FFFH 0 0 boot code (in block 1) 0 1 user code (in block 0) 1 0 1 1 user code (in block 0) Access to the IAP routines in block 1 may be enabled by clearing the BSEL bit (FCF.0), provided that the SWR bit (FCF.1) is cleared. Following a power-on sequence, the boot code is automatically executed and attempts to autobaud to a host. If no autobaud occurs within approximately 400 ms and the SoftICE flag is not set, control will be passed to the user code. A software reset is used to accomplish this control transfer and as a result the SWR bit will remain set. Therefore the user's code will need to clear the SWR bit in order to access the IAP routines in block 1. However, caution must be taken when dynamically changing the BSEL bit. Since this will cause different physical memory to be mapped to the logical program address space, the user must avoid clearing the BSEL bit when executing user code within the address range 0000H to 1FFFH. 6.2.2 Power-on reset code execution At initial power up, the port pins will be in a random state until the oscillator has started and the internal reset algorithm has weakly pulled all pins high. Powering up the device without a valid reset could cause the MCU to start executing instructions from an indeterminate location. Such undefined states may inadvertently corrupt the code in the flash. A system reset will not affect the 1 kB of on-chip RAM while the device is running, however, the contents of the on-chip RAM during power up are indeterminate. When power is applied to the device, the RST pin must be held high long enough for the oscillator to start up (usually several milliseconds for a low frequency crystal), in addition to two machine cycles for a valid power-on reset. An example of a method to extend the RST signal is to implement a RC circuit by connecting the RST pin to VDD through a 10 F capacitor and to VSS through an 8.2 k resistor as shown in Figure 5. Note that if an RC circuit is being used, provisions should be made to ensure the VDD rise time does not exceed 1 ms and the oscillator start-up time does not exceed 10 ms. For a low frequency oscillator with slow start-up time the reset signal must be extended in order to account for the slow start-up time. This method maintains the necessary relationship between VDD and RST to avoid programming at an indeterminate location, which may cause corruption in the code of the flash. The power-on detection is designed P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 14 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core to work during initial power up, before the voltage reaches the brownout detection level. The POF flag in the PCON register is set to indicate an initial power up condition. The POF flag will remain active until cleared by software. Following a power-on or external reset the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 will force the SWR and BSEL bits (FCF[1:0]) = 00. This causes the boot block to be mapped into the lower 8 kB of code memory and the device will execute the ISP code in the boot block and attempt to autobaud to the host. If the autobaud is successful the device will remain in ISP mode. If, after approximately 400 ms, the autobaud is unsuccessful the boot block code will check to see if the SoftICE flag is set (from a previous programming operation). If the SoftICE flag is set the device will enter SoftICE mode. If the SoftICE flag is cleared, the boot code will execute a software reset causing the device to execute the user code from block 0 starting at address 0000H. Note that an external reset applied to the RST pin has the same effect as a power-on reset. VDD 10 F VDD RST 8.2 k C2 XTAL2 XTAL1 C1 002aaa543 Fig 5. Power-on reset circuit 6.2.3 Software reset A software reset is executed by changing the SWR bit (FCF.1) from `0' to `1'. A software reset will reset the program counter to address 0000H and force both the SWR and BSEL bits (FCF[1:0]) = 10. This will result in the lower 8 kB of the user code memory being mapped into the user code memory space. Thus the user's code will be executed starting at address 0000H. A software reset will not change WDTC.2 or RAM data. Other SFRs will be set to their reset values. 6.2.4 Brownout detect reset The device includes a brownout detection circuit to protect the system from severe supply voltage fluctuations. The P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2's brownout detection threshold is 2.35 V. When VDD drops below this voltage threshold, the brownout detect triggers the circuit to generate a brownout interrupt but the CPU still runs until the supplied voltage returns to the brownout detection voltage VBOD. The default operation for a brownout detection is to cause a processor reset. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 15 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core VDD must stay below VBOD at least four oscillator clock periods before the brownout detection circuit will respond. Brownout interrupt can be enabled by setting the EBO bit (IEA.3). If EBO bit is set and a brownout condition occurs, a brownout interrupt will be generated to execute the program at location 004BH. It is required that the EBO bit be cleared by software after the brownout interrupt is serviced. Clearing EBO bit when the brownout condition is active will properly reset the device. If brownout interrupt is not enabled, a brownout condition will reset the program to resume execution at location 0000H. A brownout detect reset will clear the BSEL bit (FCF.0) but will not change the SWR bit (FCF.1) and therefore will not change the banking of the lower 8 kB of user code memory space. 6.2.5 Watchdog reset Like a brownout detect reset, the watchdog timer reset will clear the BSEL bit (FCF.0) but will not change the SWR bit (FCF.1) and therefore will not change the banking of the lower 8 kB of user code memory space. The state of the SWR and BSEL bits after different types of resets is shown in Table 6. This results in the code memory bank selections as shown. Table 6. Effects of reset sources on bank selection Reset source SWR bit result (FCF.1) BSEL bit result (FCF.0) Addresses from 0000H to 1FFFH Addresses above 1FFFH External reset 0 0 Boot code (in block 1) User code (in block 0) x 0 Retains state of SWR bit. If SWR, BSEL = 00 then uses boot code. If SWR, BSEL = 10 then uses user code. 1 0 User code (in block 0) Power-on reset Watchdog reset Brownout detect reset Software reset 6.2.6 Data RAM memory The data RAM has 1024 B of internal memory. The device can also address up to 64 kB for external data memory. 6.2.7 Expanded data RAM addressing The P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 has 1 kB of RAM. See Figure 6 "Internal and external data memory structure" on page 19. The device has four sections of internal data memory: 1. The lower 128 B of RAM (00H to 7FH) are directly and indirectly addressable. 2. The higher 128 B of RAM (80H to FFH) are indirectly addressable. 3. The special function registers (80H to FFH) are directly addressable only. 4. The expanded RAM of 768 B (00H to 2FFH) is indirectly addressable by the move external instruction (MOVX) and clearing the EXTRAM bit (see `Auxiliary function Register' (AUXR) in Table 4 "Special function registers" on page 11). Since the upper 128 B occupy the same addresses as the SFRs, the RAM must be accessed indirectly. The RAM and SFRs space are physically separate even though they have the same addresses. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 16 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 7. AUXR - Auxiliary register (address 8EH) bit allocation Not bit addressable; Reset value 00H Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - - - - - - EXTRAM AO Table 8. AUXR - Auxiliary register (address 8EH) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 to 2 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 1 EXTRAM Internal/External RAM access using MOVX @Ri/@DPTR. When `0', core attempts to access internal XRAM with address specified in MOVX instruction. If address supplied with this instruction exceeds on-chip available XRAM, off-chip XRAM is going to be selected and accessed. When `1', every MOVX @Ri/@DPTR instruction targets external data memory by default. 0 AO ALE off: disables/enables ALE. AO = 0 results in ALE emitted at a constant rate of 12 the oscillator frequency. In case of AO = 1, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC. When instructions access addresses in the upper 128 B (above 7FH), the MCU determines whether to access the SFRs or RAM by the type of instruction given. If it is indirect, then RAM is accessed. If it is direct, then an SFR is accessed. See the examples below. Indirect Access: MOV@R0, #data; R0 contains 90H Register R0 points to 90H which is located in the upper address range. Data in `#data' is written to RAM location 90H rather than port 1. Direct Access: MOV90H, #data; write data to P1 Data in `#data' is written to port 1. Instructions that write directly to the address write to the SFRs. To access the expanded RAM, the EXTRAM bit must be cleared and MOVX instructions must be used. The extra 768 B of memory is physically located on the chip and logically occupies the first 768 B of external memory (addresses 000H to 2FFH). When EXTRAM = 0, the expanded RAM is indirectly addressed using the MOVX instruction in combination with any of the registers R0, R1 of the selected bank or DPTR. Accessing the expanded RAM does not affect ports P0, P3.6 (WR), P3.7 (RD), or P2. With EXTRAM = 0, the expanded RAM can be accessed as in the following example. Expanded RAM Access (Indirect Addressing only): MOVX@DPTR, A DPTR contains 0A0H P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 17 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core DPTR points to 0A0H and data in `A' is written to address 0A0H of the expanded RAM rather than external memory. Access to external memory higher than 2FFH using the MOVX instruction will access external memory (0300H to FFFFH) and will perform in the same way as the standard 8051, with P0 and P2 as data/address bus, and P3.6 and P3.7 as write and read timing signals. When EXTRAM = 1, MOVX @Ri and MOVX @DPTR will be similar to the standard 8051. Using MOVX @Ri provides an 8-bit address with multiplexed data on Port 0. Other output port pins can be used to output higher order address bits. This provides external paging capabilities. Using MOVX @DPTR generates a 16-bit address. This allows external addressing up the 64 kB. Port 2 provides the high-order eight address bits (DPH), and Port 0 multiplexes the low order eight address bits (DPL) with data. Both MOVX @Ri and MOVX @DPTR generates the necessary read and write signals (P3.6 - WR and P3.7 RD) for external memory use. Table 9 shows external data memory RD, WR operation with EXTRAM bit. The stack pointer (SP) can be located anywhere within the 256 B of internal RAM (lower 128 B and upper 128 B). The stack pointer may not be located in any part of the expanded RAM. Table 9. External data memory RD, WR with EXTRAM bit[1] AUXR MOVX @DPTR, A or MOVX A, @DPTR ADDR < 0300H ADDR 0300H ADDR = any EXTRAM = 0 RD/WR not asserted RD/WR asserted RD/WR not asserted EXTRAM = 1 RD/WR asserted RD/WR asserted RD/WR asserted [1] Access limited to ERAM address within OSPI to 0FFH; cannot access 100H to 02FFH. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet MOVX @Ri, A or MOVX A, @Ri (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 18 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 2FFH EXPANDED RAM 768 B FFH 80H 7FH 000H (INDIRECT ADDRESSING) 00H FFFFH (INDIRECT ADDRESSING) UPPER 128 B INTERNAL RAM FFH 80H (DIRECT ADDRESSING) SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFRs) LOWER 128 B INTERNAL RAM (INDIRECT AND DIRECT ADDRESSING) (INDIRECT ADDRESSING) FFFFH (INDIRECT ADDRESSING) EXTERNAL DATA MEMORY EXTERNAL DATA MEMORY 0300H 2FFH EXPANDED RAM 0000H 000H EXTRAM = 0 EXTRAM = 1 002aaa517 Fig 6. Internal and external data memory structure 6.2.8 Dual data pointers The device has two 16-bit data pointers. The DPTR Select (DPS) bit in AUXR1 determines which of the two data pointers is accessed. When DPS = 0, DPTR0 is selected; when DPS = 1, DPTR1 is selected. Quickly switching between the two data pointers can be accomplished by a single INC instruction on AUXR1 (see Figure 7). P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 19 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core AUXR1 / bit0 DPS DPTR1 DPTR0 DPS = 0 DPTR0 DPS = 1 DPTR1 DPL 82H DPH 83H external data memory 002aaa518 Fig 7. Dual data pointer organization Table 10. AUXR1 - Auxiliary register 1 (address A2H) bit allocation Not bit addressable; Reset value 00H Bit Symbol Table 11. 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 GF2 2 0 1 - 0 DPS AUXR1 - Auxiliary register 1 (address A2H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 to 4 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 3 GF2 General purpose user-defined flag. 2 0 This bit contains a hard-wired `0'. Allows toggling of the DPS bit by incrementing AUXR1, without interfering with other bits in the register. 1 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 0 DPS Data pointer select. Chooses one of two Data Pointers for use by the program. See text for details. 6.3 Flash memory IAP 6.3.1 Flash organization The P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 program memory consists of a 16/32/64 kB block. ISP capability, in a second 8 kB block, is provided to allow the user code to be programmed in-circuit through the serial port. There are three methods of erasing or programming of the flash memory that may be used. First, the flash may be programmed or erased in the end-user application by calling low-level routines through a common entry point (IAP). Second, the on-chip ISP bootloader may be invoked. This ISP bootloader will, in turn, call low-level routines through the same common entry point that can be used by the end-user application. Third, the flash may be programmed or erased using the parallel method by using a commercially available EPROM programmer which supports this device. 6.3.2 Boot block (block 1) When the microcontroller programs its own flash memory, all of the low level details are handled by code that is contained in block 1. A user program calls the common entry point in the block 1 with appropriate parameters to accomplish the desired operation. Boot block operations include erase user code, program user code, program security bits, etc. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 20 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core A chip-erase operation can be performed using a commercially available parallel programer. This operation will erase the contents of this boot block and it will be necessary for the user to reprogram this boot block (block 1) with the NXP-provided ISP/IAP code in order to use the ISP or IAP capabilities of this device. Go to http://www.nxp.com/support for questions or to obtain the hex file for this device. 6.3.3 ISP ISP is performed without removing the microcontroller from the system. The ISP facility consists of a series of internal hardware resources coupled with internal firmware to facilitate remote programming of the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 through the serial port. This firmware is provided by NXP and embedded within each P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 device. The NXP ISP facility has made in-circuit programming in an embedded application possible with a minimum of additional expense in components and circuit board area. The ISP function uses five pins (VDD, VSS, TXD, RXD, and RST). Only a small connector needs to be available to interface your application to an external circuit in order to use this feature. 6.3.4 Using ISP The ISP feature allows for a wide range of baud rates to be used in your application, independent of the oscillator frequency. It is also adaptable to a wide range of oscillator frequencies. This is accomplished by measuring the bit-time of a single bit in a received character. This information is then used to program the baud rate in terms of timer counts based on the oscillator frequency. The ISP feature requires that an initial character (an uppercase U) be sent to the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 to establish the baud rate. The ISP firmware provides auto-echo of received characters. Once baud rate initialization has been performed, the ISP firmware will only accept Intel Hex-type records. Intel Hex records consist of ASCII characters used to represent hexadecimal values and are summarized below: :NNAAAARRDD..DDCC<crlf> In the Intel Hex record, the `NN' represents the number of data bytes in the record. The P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 will accept up to 32 data bytes. The `AAAA' string represents the address of the first byte in the record. If there are zero bytes in the record, this field is often set to 0000. The `RR' string indicates the record type. A record type of `00' is a data record. A record type of `01' indicates the end-of-file mark. In this application, additional record types will be added to indicate either commands or data for the ISP facility. The maximum number of data bytes in a record is limited to 32 (decimal). ISP commands are summarized in Table 12. As a record is received by the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2, the information in the record is stored internally and a checksum calculation is performed. The operation indicated by the record type is not performed until the entire record has been received. Should an error occur in the checksum, the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 will send an `X' out the serial port indicating a checksum error. If the checksum calculation is found to match the checksum in the record, then the command will be executed. In most cases, successful reception of the record will be indicated by transmitting a `.' character out the serial port. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 21 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 12. ISP hex record formats Record type Command/data function 00 Program User Code Memory :nnaaaa00dd..ddcc Where: nn = number of bytes to program aaaa = address dd..dd = data bytes cc = checksum Example: :100000000102030405006070809cc 01 End of File (EOF), no operation :xxxxxx01cc Where: xxxxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' cc = checksum Example: :00000001FF 02 Set SoftICE mode Following the next reset the device will enter the SoftICE mode. Will erase user code memory, erase device serial number. :00000002cc Where: xxxxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' cc = checksum Example: :00000002FE P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 22 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 12. ISP hex record formats ...continued Record type Command/data function 03 Miscellaneous Write Functions :nnxxxx03ffssddcc Where: nn = number of bytes in the record xxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' ff = subfunction code ss = selection code dd = data (if needed) cc = checksum Subfunction code = 01 (Erase block 0) ff = 01 Subfunction code = 05 (Program security bit, Double Clock) ff = 05 ss = 01 program security bit ss = 05 program double clock bit Subfunction code = 08 (Erase sector, 128 B) ff = 08 ss = high byte of sector address (A15:8) dd = low byte of sector address (A7, A6:0 = 0) Example: :0300000308E000F2 (erase sector at E000H) 04 Display Device Data or Blank Check :05xxxx04sssseeeeffcc Where 05 = number of bytes in the record xxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' 04 = function code for display or blank check ssss = starting address, MSB first eeee = ending address, MSB first ff = subfunction 00 = display data 01 = blank check cc = checksum Subfunction codes: Example: :0500000400001FFF00D9 (display from 0000H to 1FFFH) P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 23 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 12. ISP hex record formats ...continued Record type Command/data function 05 Miscellaneous Read Functions :02xxxx05ffsscc Where: 02 = number of bytes in the record xxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' 05 = function code for misc read ffss = subfunction and selection code 0000 = read manufacturer id 0001 = read device id 1 0002 = read boot code version 0700 = read security bit (00 SoftICE serial number match 0 SB 0 Double Clock) cc = checksum Example: :020000050000F9 (display manufacturer id) 06 Direct Load of Baud Rate :02xxxx06HHLLcc Where: 02 = number of bytes in the record xxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' HH = high byte of timer LL = low byte of timer cc = checksum Example: :02000006FFFFcc (load T2 = FFFF) 07 Reset serial number, erase user code, clear SoftICE mode :xxxxxx07cc Where: xxxxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' 07 = reset serial number function cc = checksum Example: :00000007F9 08 Verify serial number :nnxxxx08ss..sscc Where: xxxxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' 08 = verify serial number function ss..ss = serial number contents cc = checksum Example: :03000008010203EF (verify s/n = 010203) P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 24 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 12. ISP hex record formats ...continued Record type Command/data function 09 Write serial number :nnxxxx09ss..sscc Where: xxxxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' 09 = write serial number function ss..ss = serial number contents cc = checksum Example: :03000009010203EE (write s/n = 010203) 0A Display serial number :xxxxxx0Acc Where: xxxxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' 0A = display serial number function cc = checksum Example: :0000000AF6 0B Reset and run user code :xxxxxx0Bcc Where: xxxxxx = required field but value is a `don't care' 0B = Reset and run user code cc = checksum Example: :0000000BF5 6.3.5 Using the serial number This device has the option of storing a 31 B serial number along with the length of the serial number (for a total of 32 B) in a non-volatile memory space. When ISP mode is entered, the serial number length is evaluated to determine if the serial number is in use. If the length of the serial number is programmed to either 00H or FFH, the serial number is considered not in use. If the serial number is in use, reading, programming, or erasing of the user code memory or the serial number is blocked until the user transmits a `verify serial number' record containing a serial number and length that matches the serial number and length previously stored in the device. The user can reset the serial number to all zeros and set the length to zero by sending the `reset serial number' record. In addition, the `reset serial number' record will also erase all user code. 6.3.6 IAP method Several IAP calls are available for use by an application program to permit selective erasing, reading and programming of flash sectors, security bit, configuration bytes, and device id. All calls are made through a common interface, PGM_MTP. The programming functions are selected by setting up the microcontroller's registers before making a call to PGM_MTP at 1FF0H. The IAP calls are shown in Table 13. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 25 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 13. IAP function calls IAP function IAP call parameters Read ID Input parameters: R1 = 00H DPH = 00H DPL = 00H = mfgr id DPL = 01H = device id 1 DPL = 02H = boot code version number Return parameter(s): ACC = requested parameter Erase block 0 Input parameters: R1 = 01H Return parameter(s): ACC = 00 = pass ACC = !00 = fail Program User Code Input parameters: R1 = 02H DPH = memory address MSB DPL = memory address LSB ACC = byte to program Return parameter(s): ACC = 00 = pass ACC = !00 = fail Read User Code Input parameters: R1 = 03H DPH = memory address MSB DPL = memory address LSB Return parameter(s): ACC = device data P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 26 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 13. IAP function calls ...continued IAP function IAP call parameters Program Security Bit, Double Clock Input parameters: R1 = 05H DPL = 01H = security bit DPL = 05H = Double Clock Return parameter(s): ACC = 00 = pass ACC = !00 = fail Read Security Bit, Double Clock, SoftICE Input parameters: ACC = 07H Return parameter(s): ACC = 00 SoftICE S/N-match 0 SB 0 DBL_CLK Erase sector Input parameters: R1 = 08H DPH = sector address high byte DPL = sector address low byte Return parameter(s): ACC = 00 = pass ACC = !00 = fail 6.4 Timers/counters 0 and 1 The two 16-bit Timer/counter registers: Timer 0 and Timer 1 can be configured to operate either as timers or event counters (see Table 14 and Table 15). In the `Timer' function, the register is incremented every machine cycle. Thus, one can think of it as counting machine cycles. Since a machine cycle consists of six oscillator periods, the count rate is 16 of the oscillator frequency. In the `Counter' function, the register is incremented in response to a 1-to-0 transition at its corresponding external input pin, T0 or T1. In this function, the external input is sampled once every machine cycle. When the samples show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, the count is incremented. The new count value appears in the register in the machine cycle following the one in which the transition was detected. Since it takes two machine cycles (12 oscillator periods) for 1-to-0 transition to be recognized, the maximum count rate is 112 of the oscillator frequency. There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but to ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes, it should be held for at least one full machine cycle. In addition to the `Timer' or `Counter' selection, Timer 0 and Timer 1 have four operating modes from which to select. The `Timer' or `Counter' function is selected by control bits C/T in the Special Function Register TMOD. These two Timer/counters have four operating modes, which are selected by bit-pairs (M1, M0) in TMOD. Modes 0, 1, and 2 are the same for both Timers/counters. Mode 3 is different. The four operating modes are described in the following text. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 27 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 14. TMOD - Timer/counter mode control register (address 89H) bit allocation Not bit addressable; Reset value: 0000 0000B; Reset source(s): any source Bit Symbol Table 15. Bit Table 16. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 T1GATE T1C/T T1M1 T1M0 T0GATE T0C/T T0M1 T0M0 TMOD - Timer/counter mode control register (address 89H) bit description Symbol Description T1/T0 Bits controlling Timer1/Timer0 GATE Gating control when set. Timer/counter `x' is enabled only while `INTx' pin is HIGH and `TRx' control pin is set. When cleared, Timer `x' is enabled whenever `TRx' control bit is set. C/T Gating Timer or Counter Selector cleared for Timer operation (input from internal system clock.) Set for Counter operation (input from `Tx' input pin). TMOD - Timer/counter mode control register (address 89H) M1/M0 operating mode M1 M0 Operating mode 0 0 0 8048 timer `TLx' serves as 5-bit prescaler 0 1 1 16-bit Timer/counter `THx' and `TLx' are cascaded; there is no prescaler. 1 0 2 8-bit auto-reload Timer/counter `THx' holds a value which is to be reloaded into `TLx' each time it overflows. 1 1 3 (Timer 0) TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/counter controlled by the standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an 8-bit timer only controlled by Timer 1 control bits. 1 1 3 (Timer 1) Timer/counter 1 stopped. Table 17. TCON - Timer/counter control register (address 88H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 0000 0000B; Reset source(s): any reset Bit Symbol Table 18. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 TCON - Timer/counter control register (address 88H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 TF1 Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when the processor vectors to Timer 1 Interrupt routine, or by software. 6 TR1 Timer 1 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/counter 1 on/off. 5 TF0 Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when the processor vectors to Timer 0 Interrupt routine, or by software. 4 TR0 Timer 0 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/counter 0 on/off. 3 IE1 Interrupt 1 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt 1 edge/low level is detected. Cleared by hardware when the interrupt is processed, or by software. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 28 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 18. TCON - Timer/counter control register (address 88H) bit description ...continued Bit Symbol Description 2 IT1 Interrupt 1 Type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level that triggers external interrupt 1. 1 IE0 Interrupt 0 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt 0 edge/low level is detected. Cleared by hardware when the interrupt is processed, or by software. 0 IT0 Interrupt 0 Type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level that triggers external interrupt 0. 6.4.1 Mode 0 Putting either Timer into mode 0 makes it look like an 8048 Timer, which is an 8-bit Counter with a fixed divide-by-32 prescaler. Figure 8 shows mode 0 operation. overflow osc/6 Tn pin C/T = 0 C/T = 1 control TLn (5-bits) THn (8-bits) TFn interrupt TRn TnGate INTn pin 002aaa519 Fig 8. Timer/counter 0 or 1 in mode 0 (13-bit counter) In this mode, the Timer register is configured as a 13-bit register. As the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the Timer interrupt flag TFn. The count input is enabled to the Timer when TRn = 1 and either GATE = 0 or INTn = 1. (Setting GATE = 1 allows the Timer to be controlled by external input INTn, to facilitate pulse width measurements). TRn is a control bit in the Special Function Register TCON (Figure 7). The GATE bit is in the TMOD register. The 13-bit register consists of all 8 bits of THn and the lower 5 bits of TLn. The upper 3 bits of TLn are indeterminate and should be ignored. Setting the run flag (TRn) does not clear the registers. Mode 0 operation is the same for Timer 0 and Timer 1 (see Figure 8). There are two different GATE bits, one for Timer 1 (TMOD.7) and one for Timer 0 (TMOD.3). 6.4.2 Mode 1 Mode 1 is the same as mode 0, except that all 16 bits of the timer register (THn and TLn) are used. See Figure 9. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 29 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core overflow C/T = 0 osc/6 Tn pin C/T = 1 control TLn (8-bits) THn (8-bits) TFn interrupt TRn TnGate INTn pin 002aaa520 Fig 9. Timer/counter 0 or 1 in mode 1 (16-bit counter) 6.4.3 Mode 2 Mode 2 configures the Timer register as an 8-bit Counter (TLn) with automatic reload, as shown in Figure 10. Overflow from TLn not only sets TFn, but also reloads TLn with the contents of THn, which must be preset by software. The reload leaves THn unchanged. Mode 2 operation is the same for Timer 0 and Timer 1. C/T = 0 osc/6 Tn pin C/T = 1 control TLn (8-bits) overflow TFn interrupt reload TRn TnGate THn (8-bits) INTn pin 002aaa521 Fig 10. Timer/counter 0 or 1 in mode 2 (8-bit auto-reload) 6.4.4 Mode 3 When timer 1 is in mode 3 it is stopped (holds its count). The effect is the same as setting TR1 = 0. Timer 0 in mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate 8-bit counters. The logic for mode 3 and Timer 0 is shown in Figure 11. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits: T0C/T, T0GATE, TR0, INT0, and TF0. TH0 is locked into a timer function (counting machine cycles) and takes over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Thus, TH0 now controls the `Timer 1' interrupt. Mode 3 is provided for applications that require an extra 8-bit timer. With Timer 0 in mode 3, the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 can look like it has an additional Timer. Note: When Timer 0 is in mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned on and off by switching it into and out of its own mode 3. It can still be used by the serial port as a baud rate generator, or in any application not requiring an interrupt. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 30 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core C/T = 0 osc/6 T0 pin control C/T = 1 TL0 (8-bits) overflow TH0 (8-bits) overflow TF0 interrupt TF1 interrupt TR0 TnGate INT0 pin osc/2 control TR1 002aaa522 Fig 11. Timer/counter 0 mode 3 (two 8-bit counters) 6.5 Timer 2 Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/counter which can operate as either an event timer or an event counter, as selected by C/T2 in the special function register T2CON. Timer 2 has four operating modes: Capture, Auto-reload (up or down counting), Clock-out, and Baud Rate Generator which are selected according to Table 19 using T2CON (Table 20 and Table 21) and T2MOD (Table 22 and Table 23). Table 19. Timer 2 operating mode RCLK + TCLK CP/RL2 TR2 T2OE Mode 0 0 1 0 16-bit auto reload 0 1 1 0 16-bit capture 0 0 1 1 programmable clock-out 1 X 1 0 baud rate generator X X 0 X off Table 20. T2CON - Timer/counter 2 control register (address C8H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit Symbol Table 21. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TF2 EXF2 RCLK TCLK EXEN2 TR2 C/T2 CP/RL2 T2CON - Timer/counter 2 control register (address C8H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 TF2 Timer 2 overflow flag set by a Timer 2 overflow and must be cleared by software. TF2 will not be set when either RCLK or TCLK = 1 or when Timer 2 is in Clock-out mode. 6 EXF2 Timer 2 external flag is set when Timer 2 is in capture, reload or baud-rate mode, EXEN2 = 1 and a negative transition on T2EX occurs. If Timer 2 interrupt is enabled EXF2 = 1 causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 2 interrupt routine. EXF2 must be cleared by software. 5 RCLK Receive clock flag. When set, causes the UART to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its receive clock in modes 1 and 3. RCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflow to be used for the receive clock. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 31 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 21. T2CON - Timer/counter 2 control register (address C8H) bit description ...continued Bit Symbol Description 4 TCLK Transmit clock flag. When set, causes the UART to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its transmit clock in modes 1 and 3. TCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflows to be used for the transmit clock. 3 EXEN2 Timer 2 external enable flag. When set, allows a capture or reload to occur as a result of a negative transition on T2EX if Timer 2 is not being used to clock the serial port. EXEN2 = 0 causes Timer 2 to ignore events at T2EX. 2 TR2 Start/stop control for Timer 2. A logic `1' enables the timer to run. 1 C/T2 Timer or counter select. (Timer 2) 0 = internal timer (fosc / 6) 1 = external event counter (falling edge triggered; external clock's maximum rate = fosc / 12 0 CP/RL2 Capture/Reload flag. When set, captures will occur on negative transitions at T2EX if EXEN2 = 1. When cleared, auto-reloads will occur either with Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions at T2EX when EXEN2 = 1. When either RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, this bit is ignored and the timer is forced to auto-reload on Timer 2 overflow. Table 22. T2MOD - Timer 2 mode control register (address C9H) bit allocation Not bit addressable; Reset value: XX00 0000B Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - - - - - - T2OE DCEN Table 23. T2MOD - Timer 2 mode control register (address C9H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 to 2 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 1 T2OE Timer 2 Output Enable bit. Used in programmable clock-out mode only. 0 DCEN Down Count Enable bit. When set, this allows Timer 2 to be configured as an up/down counter. 6.5.1 Capture mode In the Capture mode there are two options which are selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2 = 0 Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or counter (as selected by C/T2 in T2CON) which upon overflowing sets bit TF2, the Timer 2 overflow bit. The capture mode is illustrated in Figure 12. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 32 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core OSC /6 C/T2 = 0 TL2 (8-bits) TF2 control C/T2 = 1 T2 pin TH2 (8-bits) TR2 capture transition detector timer 2 interrupt RCAP2L RCAP2H T2EX pin EXF2 control EXEN2 002aaa523 Fig 12. Timer 2 in Capture mode This bit can be used to generate an interrupt (by enabling the Timer 2 interrupt bit in the IEN0 register). If EXEN2 = 1, Timer 2 operates as described above, but with the added feature that a 1-to-0 transition at external input T2EX causes the current value in the Timer 2 registers, TL2 and TH2, to be captured into registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H, respectively. In addition, the transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set, and EXF2 like TF2 can generate an interrupt (which vectors to the same location as Timer 2 overflow interrupt). The Timer 2 interrupt service routine can interrogate TF2 and EXF2 to determine which event caused the interrupt. There is no reload value for TL2 and TH2 in this mode. Even when a capture event occurs from T2EX, the counter keeps on counting T2 pin transitions or fosc / 6 pulses. Since once loaded contents of RCAP2L and RCAP2H registers are not protected, once Timer2 interrupt is signalled it has to be serviced before new capture event on T2EX pin occurs. Otherwise, the next falling edge on T2EX pin will initiate reload of the current value from TL2 and TH2 to RCAP2L and RCAP2H and consequently corrupt their content related to previously reported interrupt. 6.5.2 Auto-reload mode (up or down counter) In the 16-bit auto-reload mode, Timer 2 can be configured as either a timer or counter (via C/T2 in T2CON), then programmed to count up or down. The counting direction is determined by bit DCEN (Down Counter Enable) which is located in the T2MOD register (see Table 22 and Table 23). When reset is applied, DCEN = 0 and Timer 2 will default to counting up. If the DCEN bit is set, Timer 2 can count up or down depending on the value of the T2EX pin. Figure 13 shows Timer 2 counting up automatically (DCEN = 0). P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 33 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core OSC /6 C/T2 = 0 TL2 (8-bits) TF2 control C/T2 = 1 T2 pin TH2 (8-bits) TR2 reload transition detector timer 2 interrupt RCAP2L RCAP2H T2EX pin EXF2 control EXEN2 002aaa524 Fig 13. Timer 2 in auto-reload mode (DCEN = 0) In this mode, there are two options selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON register. If EXEN2 = 0, then Timer 2 counts up to 0FFFFH and sets the TF2 (Overflow Flag) bit upon overflow. This causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in RCAP2L and RCAP2H. The values in RCAP2L and RCAP2H are preset by software means. Auto reload frequency when Timer 2 is counting up can be determined from this formula: SupplyFrequency -------------------------------------------------------------------------------( 65536 ( RCAP2H , RCAP2L ) ) (1) Where SupplyFrequency is either fosc (C/T2 = 0) or frequency of signal on T2 pin (C/T2 = 1). If EXEN2 = 1, a 16-bit reload can be triggered either by an overflow or by a 1-to-0 transition at input T2EX. This transition also sets the EXF2 bit. The Timer 2 interrupt, if enabled, can be generated when either TF2 or EXF2 is `1'. Microcontroller's hardware will need three consecutive machine cycles in order to recognize falling edge on T2EX and set EXF2 = 1: in the first machine cycle pin T2EX has to be sampled as `1'; in the second machine cycle it has to be sampled as `0', and in the third machine cycle EXF2 will be set to `1'. In Figure 14, DCEN = 1 and Timer 2 is enabled to count up or down. This mode allows pin T2EX to control the direction of count. When a logic `1' is applied at pin T2EX Timer 2 will count up. Timer 2 will overflow at 0FFFFH and set the TF2 flag, which can then generate an interrupt, if the interrupt is enabled. This timer overflow also causes the 16-bit value in RCAP2L and RCAP2H to be reloaded into the timer registers TL2 and TH2. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 34 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core toggle (down-counting reload value) /6 OSC T2 pin FFH FFH TL2 (8-bits) TH2 (8-bits) EXF2 C/T2 = 0 control C/T2 = 1 underflow timer 2 interrupt TF2 overflow TR2 RCAP2L RCAP2H count direction 1 = up 0 = down (up-counting reload value) T2EX pin 002aaa525 Fig 14. Timer 2 in Auto Reload mode (DCEN = 1) When a logic 0 is applied at pin T2EX this causes Timer 2 to count down. The timer will underflow when TL2 and TH2 become equal to the value stored in RCAP2L and RCAP2H. Timer 2 underflow sets the TF2 flag and causes 0FFFFH to be reloaded into the timer registers TL2 and TH2. The external flag EXF2 toggles when Timer 2 underflows or overflows. This EXF2 bit can be used as a 17th bit of resolution if needed. 6.5.3 Programmable clock-out A 50 % duty cycle clock can be programmed to come out on pin T2 (P1.0). This pin, besides being a regular I/O pin, has two additional functions. It can be programmed: 1. To input the external clock for Timer/counter 2, or 2. To output a 50 % duty cycle clock ranging from 122 Hz to 8 MHz at a 16 MHz operating frequency. To configure the Timer/counter 2 as a clock generator, bit C/T2 (in T2CON) must be cleared and bit T2OE in T2MOD must be set. Bit TR2 (T2CON.2) also must be set to start the timer. The Clock-Out frequency depends on the oscillator frequency and the reload value of Timer 2 capture registers (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) as shown in Equation 2: OscillatorFrequency ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 x ( 65536 ( RCAP2H , RCAP2L ) ) (2) Where (RCAP2H,RCAP2L) = the content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer. In the Clock-Out mode Timer 2 roll-overs will not generate an interrupt. This is similar to when it is used as a baud-rate generator. 6.5.4 Baud rate generator mode Bits TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON allow the UART) transmit and receive baud rates to be derived from either Timer 1 or Timer 2 (See Section 6.6 "UARTs" on page 37 for details). When TCLK = 0, Timer 1 is used as the UART transmit baud rate generator. When P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 35 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core TCLK = 1, Timer 2 is used as the UART transmit baud rate generator. RCLK has the same effect for the UART receive baud rate. With these two bits, the serial port can have different receive and transmit baud rates - Timer 1 or Timer 2. Figure 15 shows Timer 2 in baud rate generator mode: OSC /2 C/T2 = 0 TL2 (8-bits) TX/RX baud rate control C/T2 = 1 T2 pin TH2 (8-bits) reload TR2 transition detector RCAP2L RCAP2H T2EX pin EXF2 timer 2 interrupt control EXEN2 002aaa526 Fig 15. Timer 2 in Baud Rate Generator mode The baud rate generation mode is like the auto-reload mode, when a rollover in TH2 causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in registers RCAP2H and RCAP2L, which are preset by software. The baud rates in modes 1 and 3 are determined by Timer 2's overflow rate given below: Modes 1 and 3 baud rates = Timer 2 Overflow Rate / 16 The timer can be configured for either `timer' or `counter' operation. In many applications, it is configured for `timer' operation (C/T2 = 0). Timer operation is different for Timer 2 when it is being used as a baud rate generator. Usually, as a timer it would increment every machine cycle (i.e., 16 the oscillator frequency). As a baud rate generator, it increments at the oscillator frequency. Thus the baud rate formula is as follows: Modes 1 and 3 baud rates = OscillatorFrequency -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( n x ( 65536 - ( RCAP2H , RCAP2L ) ) ) (3) n = 32 in X1 mode, 16 in X2 mode Where: (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) = The content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer. The Timer 2 as a baud rate generator mode is valid only if RCLK and/or TCLK = 1 in T2CON register. Note that a rollover in TH2 does not set TF2, and will not generate an interrupt. Thus, the Timer 2 interrupt does not have to be disabled when Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode. Also if the EXEN2 (T2 external enable flag) is set, a 1-to-0 transition in T2EX (Timer/counter 2 trigger input) will set EXF2 (T2 external flag) but will P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 36 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core not cause a reload from (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) to (TH2,TL2). Therefore when Timer 2 is in use as a baud rate generator, T2EX can be used as an additional external interrupt, if needed. When Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode, one should not try to read or write TH2 and TL2. Under these conditions, a read or write of TH2 or TL2 may not be accurate. The RCAP2 registers may be read, but should not be written to, because a write might overlap a reload and cause write and/or reload errors. The timer should be turned off (clear TR2) before accessing the Timer 2 or RCAP2 registers. Table 24 shows commonly used baud rates and how they can be obtained from Timer 2. 6.5.5 Summary of baud rate equations Timer 2 is in baud rate generating mode. If Timer 2 is being clocked through pin T2 (P1.0) the baud rate is: Baud rate = Timer 2 overflow rate / 16 If Timer 2 is being clocked internally, the baud rate is: Baud rate = fosc / (16 x (65536 - (RCAP2H, RCAP2L))) Where fosc = oscillator frequency To obtain the reload value for RCAP2H and RCAP2L, the above equation can be rewritten as: RCAP2H, RCAP2L = 65536 - fosc / (16 x baud rate) Table 24. Rate Timer 2 generated commonly used baud rates Osc freq Timer 2 RCAP2H RCAP2L 750 kBd 12 MHz FF FF 19.2 kBd 12 MHz FF D9 9.6 kBd 12 MHz FF B2 4.8 kBd 12 MHz FF 64 2.4 kBd 12 MHz FE C8 600 Bd 12 MHz FB 1E 220 Bd 12 MHz F2 AF 600 Bd 6 MHz FD 8F 220 Bd 6 MHz F9 57 6.6 UARTs The UART operates in all standard modes. Enhancements over the standard 80C51 UART include Framing Error detection, and automatic address recognition. 6.6.1 Mode 0 Serial data enters and exits through RXD and TXD outputs the shift clock. Only 8 bits are transmitted or received, LSB first. The baud rate is fixed at 16 of the CPU clock frequency. UART configured to operate in this mode outputs serial clock on TXD line no matter whether it sends or receives data on RXD line. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 37 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 6.6.2 Mode 1 10 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (logical 1). When data is received, the stop bit is stored in RB8 in Special Function Register SCON. The baud rate is variable and is determined by the Timer 12 overflow rate. 6.6.3 Mode 2 11 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (logical 1). When data is transmitted, the 9th data bit (TB8 in SCON) can be assigned the value of 0 or (e.g. the parity bit (P, in the PSW) could be moved into TB8). When data is received, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in Special Function Register SCON, while the stop bit is ignored. The baud rate is programmable to either 116 or 132 of the CPU clock frequency, as determined by the SMOD1 bit in PCON. 6.6.4 Mode 3 11 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (logical 1). In fact, mode 3 is the same as mode 2 in all respects except baud rate. The baud rate in mode 3 is variable and is determined by the Timer 12 overflow rate. Table 25. SCON - Serial port control register (address 98H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit Symbol Table 26. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SM0/FE SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI SCON - Serial port control register (address 98H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 SM0/FE The usage of this bit is determined by SMOD0 in the PCON register. If SMOD0 = 0, this bit is SM0, which with SM1, defines the serial port mode. If SMOD0 = 1, this bit is FE (Framing Error). FE is set by the receiver when an invalid stop bit is detected. Once set, this bit cannot be cleared by valid frames but can only be cleared by software. (Note: It is recommended to set up UART mode bits SM0 and SM1 before setting SMOD0 to `1'.) 6 SM1 With SM0, defines the serial port mode (see Table 27 below). 5 SM2 Enables the multiprocessor communication feature in modes 2 and 3. In mode 2 or 3, if SM2 is set to `1', then RI will not be activated if the received 9th data bit (RB8) is `0'. In mode 1, if SM2 = 1 then RI will not be activated if a valid stop bit was not received. In mode 0, SM2 should be `0'. 4 REN Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable reception. 3 TB8 The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as desired. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 38 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 26. SCON - Serial port control register (address 98H) bit description ...continued Bit Symbol Description 2 RB8 In modes 2 and 3, is the 9th data bit that was received. In mode 1, if SM2 = 0, RB8 is the stop bit that was received. In mode 0, RB8 is undefined. 1 TI Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in mode 0, or at the stop bit in the other modes, in any serial transmission. Must be cleared by software. 0 RI Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in mode 0, or approximately halfway through the stop bit time in all other modes. (See SM2 for exceptions). Must be cleared by software. Table 27. SCON - Serial port control register (address 98H) SM0/SM1 mode definition SM0, SM1 UART mode Baud rate 00 0: shift register CPU clock / 6 01 1: 8-bit UART variable 10 2: 9-bit UART CPU clock / 32 or CPU clock / 16 11 3: 9-bit UART variable 6.6.5 Framing error Framing error (FE) is reported in the SCON.7 bit if SMOD0 (PCON.6) = 1. If SMOD0 = 0, SCON.7 is the SM0 bit for the UART, it is recommended that SM0 is set up before SMOD0 is set to `1'. 6.6.6 More about UART mode 1 Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at RXD. For this purpose RXD is sampled at a rate of 16 times whatever baud rate has been established. When a transition is detected, the divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset to align its rollovers with the boundaries of the incoming bit times. The 16 states of the counter divide each bit time into 16ths. At the 7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit detector samples the value of RXD. The value accepted is the value that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. This is done for noise rejection. If the value accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits are reset and the unit goes back to looking for another 1-to-0 transition. This is to provide rejection of false start bits. If the start bit proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of the rest of the frame will proceed. The signal to load SBUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is generated: (a) RI = 0, and (b) either SM2 = 0, or the received stop bit = 1. If either of these two conditions is not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost. If both conditions are met, the stop bit goes into RB8, the 8 data bits go into SBUF, and RI is activated. 6.6.7 More about UART modes 2 and 3 Reception is performed in the same manner as in mode 1. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 39 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core The signal to load SBUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is generated: (a) RI = 0, and (b) either SM2 = 0, or the received 9th data bit = 1. If either of these conditions is not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost, and RI is not set. If both conditions are met, the received 9th data bit goes into RB8, and the first 8 data bits go into SBUF. 6.6.8 Multiprocessor communications UART modes 2 and 3 have a special provision for multiprocessor communications. In these modes, 9 data bits are received or transmitted. When data is received, the 9th bit is stored in RB8. The UART can be programmed so that when the stop bit is received, the serial port interrupt will be activated only if RB8 = 1. This feature is enabled by setting bit SM2 in SCON. One way to use this feature in multiprocessor systems is as follows: When the master processor wants to transmit a block of data to one of several slaves, it first sends out an address byte which identifies the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in a way that the 9th bit is `1' in an address byte and `0' in the data byte. With SM2 = 1, no slave will be interrupted by a data byte, i.e. the received 9th bit is `0'. However, an address byte having the 9th bit set to `1' will interrupt all slaves, so that each slave can examine the received byte and see if it is being addressed or not. The addressed slave will clear its SM2 bit and prepare to receive the data (still 9 bits long) that follow. The slaves that weren't being addressed leave their SM2 bits set and go on about their business, ignoring the subsequent data bytes. SM2 has no effect in mode 0, and in mode 1 can be used to check the validity of the stop bit, although this is better done with the Framing Error flag. When UART receives data in mode 1 and SM2 = 1, the receive interrupt will not be activated unless a valid stop bit is received. 6.6.9 Automatic address recognition Automatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows the UART to recognize certain addresses in the serial bit stream by using hardware to make the comparisons. This feature saves a great deal of software overhead by eliminating the need for the software to examine every serial address which passes by the serial port. This feature is enabled for the UART by setting the SM2 bit in SCON. In the 9 bit UART modes, mode 2 and mode 3, the Receive Interrupt flag (RI) will be automatically set when the received byte contains either the `Given' address or the `Broadcast' address. The 9 bit mode requires that the 9th information bit is a `1' to indicate that the received information is an address and not data. Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a master to selectively communicate with one or more slaves by invoking the Given slave address or addresses. All of the slaves may be contacted by using the Broadcast address. Two Special Function Registers are used to define the slave's address, SADDR, and the address mask, SADEN. SADEN is used to define which bits in the SADDR are to be used and which bits are `don't care'. The SADEN mask can be logically ANDed with the SADDR to create the `Given' address which the master will use for addressing each of the slaves. Use of the Given address allows multiple slaves to be recognized while excluding others. This device uses the methods presented in Figure 16 to determine if a `Given' or `Broadcast' address has been received or not. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 40 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core rx_byte(7) saddr(7) saden(7) . . . rx_byte(0) saddr(0) given_address_match saden(0) logic used by UART to detect 'given address' in received data saddr(7) saden(7) rx_byte(7) . . . saddr(0) saden(0) broadcast_address_match rx_byte(0) logic used by UART to detect 'given address' in received data 002aaa527 Fig 16. Schemes used by the UART to detect `given' and `broadcast' addresses when multiprocessor communications is enabled The following examples will help to show the versatility of this scheme. Example 1, slave 0: SADDR = 1100 0000 SADEN = 1111 1101 ---------------------------------------------------Given = 1100 00X0 (4) Example 2, slave 1: SADDR = 1100 0000 SADEN = 1111 1110 ---------------------------------------------------Given = 1100 000X (5) In the above example SADDR is the same and the SADEN data is used to differentiate between the two slaves. Slave 0 requires a `0' in bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires a `0' in bit 1 and bit 0 is ignored. A unique address for Slave 0 would be 1100 0010 since slave 1 requires a `0' in bit 1. A unique address for slave 1 would be 1100 0001 since a `1' in bit 0 will exclude slave 0. Both slaves can be selected at the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0 (for slave 0) and bit 1 = 0 (for slave 1). Thus, both could be addressed with 1100 0000. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 41 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core In a more complex system the following could be used to select slaves 1 and 2 while excluding slave 0: Example 1, slave 0: SADDR = 1100 0000 SADEN = 1111 1001 ---------------------------------------------------Given = 1100 0XX0 (6) Example 2, slave 1: SADDR = 1110 0000 SADEN = 1111 1010 ---------------------------------------------------Given = 1110 0X0X (7) Example 3, slave 2: SADDR = 1100 0000 SADEN = 1111 1100 ---------------------------------------------------Given = 1100 00XX (8) In the above example the differentiation among the 3 slaves is in the lower 3 address bits. Slave 0 requires that bit 0 = 0 and it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 0110. Slave 1 requires that bit 1 = 0 and it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 0101. Slave 2 requires that bit 2 = 0 and its unique address is 1110 0011. To select Slaves 0 and 1 and exclude Slave 2 use address 1110 0100, since it is necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude slave 2. The Broadcast Address for each slave is created by taking the logical OR of SADDR and SADEN. Zeros in this result are treated as don't-cares. In most cases, interpreting the don't-cares as ones, the broadcast address will be FF hexadecimal. Upon reset SADDR and SADEN are loaded with 0s. This produces a given address of all `don't cares' as well as a Broadcast address of all `don't cares'. This effectively disables the Automatic Addressing mode and allows the microcontroller to use standard UART drivers which do not make use of this feature. 6.7 SPI 6.7.1 SPI features * * * * * * * Master or slave operation 10 MHz bit frequency (max) LSB first or MSB first data transfer Four programmable bit rates End of transmission (SPIF) Write collision flag protection (WCOL) Wake-up from Idle mode (slave mode only) 6.7.2 SPI description The SPI allows high-speed synchronous data transfer between the P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 and peripheral devices or between several P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 devices. Figure 17 shows the correspondence between master and slave SPI devices. The SPICLK pin is the P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 42 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core clock output and input for the master and slave modes, respectively. The SPI clock generator will start following a write to the master devices SPI data register. The written data is then shifted out of the MOSI pin on the master device into the MOSI pin of the slave device. Following a complete transmission of one byte of data, the SPI clock generator is stopped and the SPIF flag is set. An SPI interrupt request will be generated if the SPI Interrupt Enable bit (SPIE) and the Serial Port Interrupt Enable bit (ES) are both set. An external master drives the Slave Select input pin, SS/P1[4], low to select the SPI module as a slave. If SS/P1[4] has not been driven low, then the slave SPI unit is not active and the MOSI/P1[5] port can also be used as an input port pin. CPHA and CPOL control the phase and polarity of the SPI clock. Figure 18 and Figure 19 show the four possible combinations of these two bits. MSB master LSB MISO MSB slave LSB MISO 8-BIT SHIFT REGISTER 8-BIT SHIFT REGISTER MOSI MOSI SPICLK SPI CLOCK GENERATOR SS SPICLK SS VDD VSS 002aaa528 Fig 17. SPI master-slave interconnection Table 28. SPCR - SPI control register (address D5H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset source(s): any reset; Reset value: 0000 0000B Bit Symbol Table 29. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SPIE SPE DORD MSTR CPOL CPHA SPR1 SPR0 SPCR - SPI control register (address D5H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 SPIE If both SPIE and ES are set to one, SPI interrupts are enabled. 6 SPE SPI enable bit. When set enables SPI. 5 DORD Data transmission order. 0 = MSB first; 1 = LSB first in data transmission. 4 MSTR Master/slave select. 1 = master mode, 0 = slave mode. 3 CPOL Clock polarity. 1 = SPICLK is high when idle (active LOW), 0 = SPICLK is low when idle (active HIGH). P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 43 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 29. SPCR - SPI control register (address D5H) bit description ...continued Bit Symbol Description 2 CPHA Clock Phase control bit. 1 = shift triggered on the trailing edge of the clock; 0 = shift triggered on the leading edge of the clock. 1 SPR1 SPI Clock Rate Select bit 1. Along with SPR0 controls the SPICLK rate of the device when a master. SPR1 and SPR0 have no effect on the slave. See Table 30 below. 0 SPR0 SPI Clock Rate Select bit 0. Along with SPR1 controls the SPICLK rate of the device when a master. SPR1 and SPR0 have no effect on the slave. See Table 30 below. Table 30. SPCR - SPI control register (address D5H) clock rate selection SPR1 SPR0 SPICLK = fosc divided by 0 0 4 0 1 16 1 0 64 1 1 128 Table 31. SPSR - SPI status register (address AAH) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset source(s): any reset; Reset value: 0000 0000B Bit Symbol Table 32. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SPIF WCOL - - - - - - SPSR - SPI status register (address AAH) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 SPIF SPI interrupt flag. Upon completion of data transfer, this bit is set to `1'. If SPIE = 1 and ES = 1, an interrupt is then generated. This bit is cleared by software. 6 WCOL Write Collision Flag. Set if the SPI data register is written to during data transfer. This bit is cleared by software. 5 to 0 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. SPICLK cycle # (for reference) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SPICLK (CPOL = 0) SPICLK (CPOL = 1) MOSI (from master) MISO (from slave) MSB MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB SS (to slave) 002aaa529 Fig 18. SPI transfer format with CPHA = 0 P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 44 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core SPICLK cycle # (for reference) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SPICLK (CPOL = 0) SPICLK (CPOL = 1) MOSI (from master) MISO (from slave) MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB LSB SS (to slave) 002aaa530 Fig 19. SPI transfer format with CPHA = 1 6.8 Watchdog timer The device offers a programmable Watchdog Timer (WDT) for fail safe protection against software deadlock and automatic recovery. To protect the system against software deadlock, the user software must refresh the WDT within a user-defined time period. If the software fails to do this periodical refresh, an internal hardware reset will be initiated if enabled (WDRE = 1). The software can be designed such that the WDT times out if the program does not work properly. The WDT in the device uses the system clock (XTAL1) as its time base. So strictly speaking, it is a Watchdog counter rather than a WDT. The WDT register will increment every 344064 crystal clocks. The upper 8-bits of the time base register (WDTD) are used as the reload register of the WDT. The WDTS flag bit is set by WDT overflow and is not changed by WDT reset. User software can clear WDTS by writing `1' to it. Figure 20 provides a block diagram of the WDT. Two SFRs (WDTC and WDTD) control WDT operation. During Idle mode, WDT operation is temporarily suspended, and resumes upon an interrupt exit from idle. The time-out period of the WDT is calculated as follows: Period = (255 - WDTD) x 344064 x 1 / fCLK(XTAL1) where WDTD is the value loaded into the WDTD register and fosc is the oscillator frequency. CLK (XTAL1) COUNTER 344064 clks WDT UPPER BYTE WDT reset internal reset external reset WDTC WDTD 002aaa531 Fig 20. Block diagram of programmable WDT P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 45 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 33. WDTC - Watchdog control register (address COH) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - - - WDOUT WDRE WDTS WDT SWDT Table 34. WDTC - Watchdog control register (address COH) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 to 5 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 4 WDOUT Watchdog output enable. When this bit and WDRE are both set, a Watchdog reset will drive the reset pin active for 32 clocks. 3 WDRE Watchdog timer reset enable. When set enables a watchdog timer reset. 2 WDTS Watchdog timer reset flag, when set indicates that a WDT reset occurred. Reset in software. 1 WDT Watchdog timer refresh. Set by software to force a WDT reset. 0 SWDT Start watchdog timer, when set starts the WDT. When cleared, stops the WDT. 6.9 PCA The PCA includes a special 16-bit Timer that has five 16-bit capture/compare modules associated with it. Each of the modules can be programmed to operate in one of four modes: rising and/or falling edge capture, software timer, high-speed output, or PWM. Each module has a pin associated with it in port 1. Module 0 is connected to P1.3 (CEX0), module 1 to P1.4 (CEX1), etc. Registers CH and CL contain current value of the free running up counting 16-bit PCA timer. The PCA timer is a common time base for all five modules and can be programmed to run at: 16 the oscillator frequency, 12 the oscillator frequency, the Timer 0 overflow, or the input on the ECI pin (P1.2). The timer count source is determined from the CPS1 and CPS0 bits in the CMOD SFR (see Table 35 and Table 36). 16 bits MODULE0 P1.3/CEX0 MODULE1 P1.4/CEX1 MODULE2 P1.5/CEX2 MODULE3 P1.6/CEX3 MODULE4 P1.7/CEX4 16 bits PCA TIMER/COUNTER time base for PCA modules Module functions: - 16-bit capture - 16-bit timer - 16-bit high speed output - 8-bit PWM - watchdog timer (module 4 only) 002aaa532 Fig 21. PCA P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 46 of 80 NXP Semiconductors P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core In the CMOD SFR there are three additional bits associated with the PCA. They are CIDL which allows the PCA to stop during Idle mode, WDTE which enables or disables the Watchdog function on module 4, and ECF which when set causes an interrupt and the PCA overflow flag CF (in the CCON SFR) to be set when the PCA timer overflows. The watchdog timer function is implemented in module 4 of PCA. The CCON SFR contains the run control bit for the PCA (CR) and the flags for the PCA timer (CF) and each module (CCF4:0). To run the PCA the CR bit (CCON.6) must be set by software. The PCA is shut off by clearing this bit. The CF bit (CCON.7) is set when the PCA counter overflows and an interrupt will be generated if the ECF bit in the CMOD register is set. The CF bit can only be cleared by software. Bits 0 through 4 of the CCON register are the flags for the modules (bit 0 for module 0, bit 1 for module 1, etc.) and are set by hardware when either a match or a capture occurs. These flags can only be cleared by software. All the modules share one interrupt vector. The PCA interrupt system is shown in Figure 22. Each module in the PCA has a special function register associated with it. These registers are: CCAPM0 for module 0, CCAPM1 for module 1, etc. The registers contain the bits that control the mode that each module will operate in. The ECCF bit (from CCAPMn.0 where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the module) enables the CCFn flag in the CCON SFR to generate an interrupt when a match or compare occurs in the associated module (see Figure 22). PWM (CCAPMn.1) enables the pulse width modulation mode. The TOG bit (CCAPMn.2) when set causes the CEX output associated with the module to toggle when there is a match between the PCA counter and the module's capture/compare register. The match bit MAT (CCAPMn.3) when set will cause the CCFn bit in the CCON register to be set when there is a match between the PCA counter and the module's capture/compare register. The next two bits CAPN (CCAPMn.4) and CAPP (CCAPMn.5) determine the edge that a capture input will be active on. The CAPN bit enables the negative edge, and the CAPP bit enables the positive edge. If both bits are set both edges will be enabled and a capture will occur for either transition. The last bit in the register ECOM (CCAPMn.6) when set enables the comparator function. There are two additional registers associated with each of the PCA modules. They are CCAPnH and CCAPnL and these are the registers that store the 16-bit count when a capture occurs or a compare should occur. When a module is used in the PWM mode these registers are used to control the duty cycle of the output. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 47 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core CF CR - CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCON (D8H) CCF0 PCA TIMER/COUNTER MODULE0 IE.6 EC MODULE1 IE.7 EA to interrupt priority decoder MODULE2 MODULE3 MODULE4 CMOD.0 CCAPMn.0 ECF ECCFn 002aaa533 Fig 22. PCA interrupt system Table 35. CMOD - PCA counter mode register (address D9H) bit allocation Not bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit Symbol Table 36. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CIDL WDTE - - - CPS1 CPS0 ECF CMOD - PCA counter mode register (address D9H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 CIDL Counter Idle Control: CIDL = 0 programs the PCA Counter to continue functioning during Idle mode. CIDL = 1 programs it to be gated off during idle. 6 WDTE Watchdog Timer Enable: WDTE = 0 disables watchdog timer function on module 4. WDTE = 1 enables it. 5 to 3 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 2 to 1 CPS1, CPS0 PCA Count Pulse Select (see Table 37 below). 0 ECF PCA Enable Counter Overflow Interrupt: ECF = 1 enables CF bit in CCON to generate an interrupt. ECF = 0 disables that function. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 48 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 37. CMOD - PCA counter mode register (address D9H) count pulse select CPS1 CPS0 Select PCA input 0 0 0 Internal clock, fosc / 6 0 1 1 Internal clock, fosc / 2 1 0 2 Timer 0 overflow 1 1 3 External clock at ECI/P1.2 pin (max rate = fosc / 4) Table 38. CCON - PCA counter control register (address 0D8H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit Symbol Table 39. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CF CR - CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 CCON - PCA counter control register (address 0D8H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 CF PCA counter overflow flag. Set by hardware when the counter rolls over. CF flags an interrupt if bit ECF in CMOD is set. CF may be set by either hardware or software but can only be cleared by software. 6 CR PCA counter run control bit. Set by software to turn the PCA counter on. Must be cleared by software to turn the PCA counter off. 5 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 4 CCF4 PCA Module 4 Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be cleared by software. 3 CCF3 PCA Module 3 Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be cleared by software. 2 CCF2 PCA Module 2 Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be cleared by software. 1 CCF1 PCA Module 1 Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be cleared by software. 0 CCF0 PCA Module 0 Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be cleared by software. Table 40. CCAPMn - PCA modules compare/capture register (address CCAPM0 0DAH, CCAPM1 0DBH, CCAPM2 0DCH, CCAPM3 0DDH, CCAPM4 0DEH) bit allocation Not bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn Table 41. CCAPMn - PCA modules compare/capture register (address CCAPM0 0DAH, CCAPM1 0DBH, CCAPM2 0DCH, CCAPM3 0DDH, CCAPM4 0DEH) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 6 ECOMn Enable Comparator. ECOMn = 1 enables the comparator function. 5 CAPPn Capture Positive, CAPPn = 1 enables positive edge capture. 4 CAPNn Capture Negative, CAPNn = 1 enables negative edge capture. 3 MATn Match. When MATn = 1 a match of the PCA counter with this module's compare/capture register causes the CCFn bit in CCON to be set, flagging an interrupt. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 49 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 41. CCAPMn - PCA modules compare/capture register (address CCAPM0 0DAH, CCAPM1 0DBH, CCAPM2 0DCH, CCAPM3 0DDH, CCAPM4 0DEH) bit description Bit Symbol Description 2 TOGn Toggle. When TOGn = 1, a match of the PCA counter with this module's compare/capture register causes the CEXn pin to toggle. 1 PWMn Pulse Width Modulation mode. PWMn = 1 enables the CEXn pin to be used as a pulse width modulated output. 0 ECCFn Enable CCF Interrupt. Enables compare/capture flag CCFn in the CCON register to generate an interrupt. Table 42. PCA module modes (CCAPMn register) ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn Module function 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no operation x 1 0 0 0 0 x 16-bit capture by a positive-edge trigger on CEXn x 0 1 0 0 0 x 16-bit capture by a negative-edge trigger on CEXn x 1 1 0 0 0 x 16-bit capture by any transition on CEXn 1 0 0 1 0 0 x 16-bit software timer 1 0 0 1 1 0 x 16-bit high-speed output 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 8-bit PWM 1 0 0 1 x 0 x Watchdog timer 6.9.1 PCA capture mode To use one of the PCA modules in the capture mode (Figure 23) either one or both of the CCAPM bits CAPN and CAPP for that module must be set. The external CEX input for the module (on port 1) is sampled for a transition. When a valid transition occurs the PCA hardware loads the value of the PCA counter registers (CH and CL) into the module's capture registers (CCAPnL and CCAPnH). P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 50 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core CF CR - CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 CCON (D8H) PCA interrupt (to CCFn) PCA timer/counter CH CL capture CEXn CCAPnH CCAPnL - ECOMn 0 CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn 0 0 0 ECCFn CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4 (DAH to DEH) 002aaa538 Fig 23. PCA capture mode If the CCFn bit for the module in the CCON SFR and the ECCFn bit in the CCAPMn SFR are set then an interrupt will be generated. 6.9.2 16-bit software timer mode The PCA modules can be used as software timers (Figure 24) by setting both the ECOM and MAT bits in the modules CCAPMn register. The PCA timer will be compared to the module's capture registers and when a match occurs an interrupt will occur if the CCFn (CCON SFR) and the ECCFn (CCAPMn SFR) bits for the module are both set. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 51 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core CF write to CCAPnH 0 1 - CCF4 reset CCAPnH write to CCAPnL CR CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 (to CCFn) CCAPnL enable CCON (D8H) PCA interrupt match 16-BIT COMPARATOR CH CL PCA timer/counter - ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn 0 0 1 0 0 ECCFn CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4 (DAH to DEH) 002aaa539 Fig 24. PCA compare mode 6.9.3 High-speed output mode In this mode (Figure 25) the CEX output (on port 1) associated with the PCA module will toggle each time a match occurs between the PCA counter and the module's capture registers. To activate this mode the TOG, MAT, and ECOM bits in the module's CCAPMn SFR must be set. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 52 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core CF write to CCAPnH CR 0 1 CCF4 reset CCAPnH write to CCAPnL - CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 CCON (D8H) (to CCFn) CCAPnL enable PCA interrupt match 16-BIT COMPARATOR CH CL PCA timer/counter toggle CEXn - ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn 0 0 1 0 0 ECCFn CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4 (DAH to DEH) 002aaa540 Fig 25. PCA high-speed output mode 6.9.4 PWM mode All of the PCA modules can be used as PWM outputs (Figure 26). Output frequency depends on the source for the PCA timer. CCAPnH 0 CCAPnL CL < CCAPnL enable CEXn 8-BIT COMPARATOR CL CCAPnL 1 CL PCA timer/counter - ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4 (DAH to DEH) 002aaa541 Fig 26. PCA PWM mode All of the modules will have the same frequency of output because they all share one and only PCA timer. The duty cycle of each module is independently variable using the module's capture register CCAPnL. When the value of the PCA CL SFR is less than the P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 53 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core value in the module's CCAPnL SFR the output will be low, when it is equal to or greater than the output will be high. When CL overflows from FF to 00, CCAPnL is reloaded with the value in CCAPnH. This allows updating the PWM without glitches. The PWM and ECOM bits in the module's CCAPMn register must be set to enable the PWM mode. 6.9.5 PCA watchdog timer An on-board watchdog timer is available with the PCA to improve the reliability of the system without increasing chip count. Watchdog timers are useful for systems that are susceptible to noise, power glitches, or electrostatic discharge. Module 4 is the only PCA module that can be programmed as a Watchdog. However, this module can still be used for other modes if the Watchdog is not needed. Figure 26 shows a diagram of how the Watchdog works. The user pre-loads a 16-bit value in the compare registers. Just like the other compare modes, this 16-bit value is compared to the PCA timer value. If a match is allowed to occur, an internal reset will be generated. This will not cause the RST pin to be driven high. User's software then must periodically change (CCAP4H,CCAP4L) to keep a match from occurring with the PCA timer (CH,CL). This code is given in the WATCHDOG routine shown above. In order to hold off the reset, the user has three options: 1. Periodically change the compare value so it will never match the PCA timer. 2. Periodically change the PCA timer value so it will never match the compare values. 3. Disable the Watchdog by clearing the WDTE bit before a match occurs and then re-enable it. The first two options are more reliable because the watchdog timer is never disabled as in option #3. If the program counter ever goes astray, a match will eventually occur and cause an internal reset. The second option is also not recommended if other PCA modules are being used. Remember, the PCA timer is the time base for all modules; changing the time base for other modules would not be a good idea. Thus, in most applications the first solution is the best option. ;CALL the following WATCHDOG subroutine periodically. CLR EA ;Hold off interrupts MOV CCAP4L,#00 ;Next compare value is within 255 counts of current PCA timer value MOV CCAP4H,CH SETB EA ;Re-enable interrupts RET This routine should not be part of an interrupt service routine, because if the program counter goes astray and gets stuck in an infinite loop, interrupts will still be serviced and the Watchdog will keep getting reset. Thus, the purpose of the Watchdog would be defeated. Instead, call this subroutine from the main program within 216 count of the PCA timer. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 54 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 6.10 Security bit The Security Bit protects against software piracy and prevents the contents of the flash from being read by unauthorized parties in Parallel Programmer mode. It also protects against code corruption resulting from accidental erasing and programming to the internal flash memory. When the Security Bit is activated all parallel programming commands except for Chip-Erase are ignored (thus the device cannot be read). However, ISP reading, writing, or erasing of the user's code can still be performed if the serial number and length has not been programmed. Therefore, when a user requests to program the Security Bit, the programmer should prompt the user and program a serial number into the device. 6.11 Interrupt priority and polling sequence The device supports eight interrupt sources under a four level priority scheme. Table 43 summarizes the polling sequence of the supported interrupts. Note that the SPI serial interface and the UART share the same interrupt vector. (See Figure 27). Table 43. Interrupt polling sequence Description Interrupt flag Vector address Interrupt enable Interrupt priority Service priority Wake-up power-down Ext. Int0 IE0 0003H EX0 PX0/H 1 (highest) yes Brownout - 004BH EBO PBO/H 2 no T0 TF0 000BH ET0 PT0/H 3 no Ext. Int1 IE1 0013H EX1 PX1/H 4 yes T1 TF1 001BH ET1 PT1/H 5 no PCA CF/CCFn 0033H EC PPCH 6 no UART/SPI TI/RI/SPIF 0023H ES PS/H 7 no T2 TF2, EXF2 002BH ET2 PT2/H 8 no P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 55 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core highest priority interrupt IP/IPH/IPA/IPAH registers IE and IEA registers 0 INT0# IT0 IE0 1 brownout interrupt polling sequence TF0 0 INT1# IT1 IE1 1 TF1 ECF CF CCFn ECCFn RI TI SPIF SPIE TF2 EXF2 lowest priority interrupt global disable individual enables 002aaa544 Fig 27. Interrupt structure Table 44. IEN0 - Interrupt enable register 0 (address A8H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit Symbol 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EA EC ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 56 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 45. IEN0 - Interrupt enable register 0 (address A8H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 EA Interrupt Enable Bit: EA = 1 interrupt(s) can be serviced, EA = 0 interrupt servicing disabled. 6 EC PCA Interrupt Enable bit. 5 ET2 Timer 2 Interrupt Enable. 4 ES Serial Port Interrupt Enable. 3 ET1 Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt Enable. 2 EX1 External Interrupt 1 Enable. 1 ET0 Timer 0 Overflow Interrupt Enable. 0 EX0 External Interrupt 0 Enable. Table 46. IEN1 - Interrupt enable register 1 (address E8H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - - - - EBO - - - Table 47. IEN1 - Interrupt enable register 1 (address E8H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 to 4 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 3 EBO Brownout Interrupt Enable. 1 = enable, 0 = disable. 2 to 0 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. Table 48. IP0 - Interrupt priority 0 low register (address B8H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - PPC PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 Table 49. IP0 - Interrupt priority 0 low register (address B8H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 6 PPC PCA interrupt priority LOW bit. 5 PT2 Timer 2 interrupt priority LOW bit. 4 PS Serial Port interrupt priority LOW bit. 3 PT1 Timer 1 interrupt priority LOW bit. 2 PX1 External interrupt 1 priority LOW bit. 1 PT0 Timer 0 interrupt priority LOW bit. 0 PX0 External interrupt 0 priority LOW bit. Table 50. IP0H - Interrupt priority 0 high register (address B7H) bit allocation Not bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - PPCH PT2H PSH PT1H PX1H PT0H PX0H P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 57 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 51. IP0H - Interrupt priority 0 high register (address B7H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 6 PPCH PCA interrupt priority HIGH bit. 5 PT2H Timer 2 interrupt priority HIGH bit. 4 PSH Serial Port interrupt priority HIGH bit. 3 PT1H Timer 1 interrupt priority HIGH bit. 2 PX1H External interrupt 1 priority HIGH bit. 1 PT0H Timer 0 interrupt priority HIGH bit. 0 PX0H External interrupt 0 priority HIGH bit. Table 52. IP1 - Interrupt priority 1 register (address F8H) bit allocation Bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - - - PBO - - - - Table 53. IP1 - Interrupt priority 1 register (address F8H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 to 5 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 4 PBO Brownout interrupt priority bit. 3 to 0 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. Table 54. IP1H - Interrupt priority 1 high register (address F7H) bit allocation Not bit addressable; Reset value: 00H Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - - - PBOH - - - - Table 55. IP1H - Interrupt priority 1 high register (address F7H) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 to 5 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 4 PBOH Brownout interrupt priority bit. 3 to 0 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 6.12 Power-saving modes The device provides two power saving modes of operation for applications where power consumption is critical. The two modes are Idle and Power-down, see Table 56. 6.12.1 Idle mode Idle mode is entered setting the IDL bit in the PCON register. In Idle mode, the program counter (PC) is stopped. The system clock continues to run and all interrupts and peripherals remain active. The on-chip RAM and the special function registers hold their data during this mode. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 58 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core The device exits Idle mode through either a system interrupt or a hardware reset. Exiting Idle mode via system interrupt, the start of the interrupt clears the IDL bit and exits Idle mode. After exit the Interrupt Service Routine, the interrupted program resumes execution beginning at the instruction immediately following the instruction which invoked the Idle mode. A hardware reset starts the device similar to a power-on reset. 6.12.2 Power-down mode The Power-down mode is entered by setting the PD bit in the PCON register. In the Power-down mode, the clock is stopped and external interrupts are active for level sensitive interrupts only. SRAM contents are retained during Power-down mode, the minimum VDD level is 2.0 V. The device exits Power-down mode through either an enabled external level sensitive interrupt or a hardware reset. The start of the interrupt clears the PD bit and exits Power-down. Holding the external interrupt pin low restarts the oscillator, the signal must hold low at least 1024 clock cycles before bringing back high to complete the exit. Upon interrupt signal restored to logic VIH, the interrupt service routine program execution resumes beginning at the instruction immediately following the instruction which invoked Power-down mode. A hardware reset starts the device similar to power-on reset. To exit properly out of Power-down mode, the reset or external interrupt should not be executed before the VDD line is restored to its normal operating voltage. Be sure to hold VDD voltage long enough at its normal operating level for the oscillator to restart and stabilize (normally less than 10 ms). Table 56. Power-saving modes Mode Initiated by State of MCU Idle mode Software (Set IDL bit in CLK is running. Interrupts, PCON) MOV PCON, #01H serial port and timers/counters are active. Program Counter is stopped. ALE and PSEN signals at a HIGH level during Idle. All registers remain unchanged. Enabled interrupt or hardware reset. Start of interrupt clears IDL bit and exits Idle mode, after the ISR RETI instruction, program resumes execution beginning at the instruction following the one that invoked Idle mode. A user could consider placing two or three NOP instructions after the instruction that invokes Idle mode to eliminate any problems. A hardware reset restarts the device similar to a power-on reset. Power-down mode Software (Set PD bit in CLK is stopped. On-chip SRAM PCON) MOV PCON, #02H and SFR data is maintained. ALE and PSEN signals at a LOW level during power -down. External Interrupts are only active for level sensitive interrupts, if enabled. Enabled external level sensitive interrupt or hardware reset. Start of interrupt clears PD bit and exits Power-down mode, after the ISR RETI instruction program resumes execution beginning at the instruction following the one that invoked Power-down mode. A user could consider placing two or three NOP instructions after the instruction that invokes Power-down mode to eliminate any problems. A hardware reset restarts the device similar to a power-on reset. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet Exited by (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 59 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 6.13 System clock and clock options 6.13.1 Clock input options and recommended capacitor values for oscillator Shown in Figure 28 and Figure 29 are the input and output of an internal inverting amplifier (XTAL1, XTAL2), which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator. When driving the device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left disconnected and XTAL1 should be driven. At start-up, the external oscillator may encounter a higher capacitive load at XTAL1 due to interaction between the amplifier and its feedback capacitance. However, the capacitance will not exceed 15 pF once the external signal meets the VIL and VIH specifications. Crystal manufacturer, supply voltage, and other factors may cause circuit performance to differ from one application to another. C1 and C2 should be adjusted appropriately for each design. Table 57 shows the typical values for C1 and C2 vs. crystal type for various frequencies. Table 57. Recommended values for C1 and C2 by crystal type Crystal C1 = C2 Quartz 20 pF to 30 pF Ceramic 40 pF to 50 pF More specific information about on-chip oscillator design can be found in the FlashFlex51 Oscillator Circuit Design Considerations application note. 6.13.2 Clock doubling option By default, the device runs at 12 clocks per machine cycle (X1 mode). The device has a clock doubling option to speed up to 6 clocks per machine cycle (please see Table 58). Clock double mode can be enabled either by an external programmer or using IAP. When set, the EDC bit in FST register will indicate 6-clock mode. The clock double mode is only for doubling the internal system clock and the internal flash memory, i.e. EA = 1. To access the external memory and the peripheral devices, careful consideration must be taken. Also note that the crystal output (XTAL2) will not be doubled. C2 XTAL2 XTAL1 C1 VSS 002aaa545 Fig 28. Oscillator characteristics (using the on-chip oscillator) P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 60 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core n.c. XTAL2 external oscillator signal XTAL1 VSS 002aaa546 Fig 29. Oscillator characteristics (external clock drive) Table 58. Clock doubling features Device P89V51RD2 Standard mode (X1) Clock double mode (X2) Clocks per machine cycle Max. external clock frequency (MHz) Clocks per machine cycle Max. external clock frequency (MHz) 12 40 6 20 Table 59. FST - Flash status register (address B6) bit allocation Not Bit addressable; Reset value: xxxx x0xxB Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol - SB - - EDC - - - Table 60. FST - Flash status register (address B6) bit description Bit Symbol Description 7 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 6 SB Security bit. 5 to 4 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. 3 EDC Enable double clock. 2 to 0 - Reserved for future use. Should be set to `0' by user programs. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 61 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 7. Limiting values Table 61. Limiting values In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified. All voltages are with respect to VSS unless otherwise noted. Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit Tamb(bias) bias ambient temperature -55 +125 C Tstg storage temperature -65 +150 C VI input voltage on EA pin to VSS -0.5 +14 V Vn voltage on any other pin except VSS; with respect to VDD -0.5 VDD + 0.5 V IOL(I/O) LOW-level output current per input/output pin pins P1.5, P1.6, P1.7 - 20 mA all other pins - 15 mA total power dissipation (per package) based on package heat transfer, not device power consumption - 1.5 W Ptot(pack) Conditions 8. Static characteristics Table 62. Static characteristics Ta = 0 C to +70 C or -40 C to +85 C; VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 10000 - - cycles - - years mA nendu(fl) endurance of flash memory JEDEC Standard A117 [1] tret(fl) flash memory retention time JEDEC Standard A103 [1] 100 Ilatch I/O latch-up current JEDEC Standard 78 [1] 100 + IDD - - Vth(HL) HIGH-LOW threshold voltage 4.5 V < VDD < 5.5 V -0.5 - 0.2VDD - 0.1 V Vth(LH) LOW-HIGH threshold voltage except XTAL1, RST 0.2VDD + 0.9 - VDD + 0.5 V VIH HIGH-level input voltage 4.5 V < VDD < 5.5 V; XTAL1, RST 0.7VDD - 6.0 V VOL LOW-level output voltage VDD = 4.5 V; ports 1, 2, 3, except PSEN, ALE IOL = 100 A - - 0.3 V IOL = 1.6 mA - - 0.45 V IOL = 3.5 mA - - 1.0 V IOL = 200 A - - 0.3 V IOL = 3.2 mA - - 0.45 V [2][3][4] VDD = 4.5 V; port 0, PSEN, ALE P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 62 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 62. Static characteristics ...continued Ta = 0 C to +70 C or -40 C to +85 C; VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V Symbol Parameter VOH HIGH-level output voltage Conditions Min Typ Max Unit IOH = -10 A VDD - 0.3 - - V IOH = -30 A VDD - 0.7 - - V IOH = -60 A VDD - 1.5 - - V IOH = -200 A VDD - 0.3 - - V IOH = -3.2 mA VDD - 0.7 - - V 3.85 - 4.15 V - - -75 A - - -650 A VDD = 4.5 V; ports 1, 2, 3, ALE, PSEN [5] VDD = 4.5 V; port 0 in External Bus mode Vbo brownout trip voltage IIL LOW-level input current VI = 0.4 V; ports 1, 2, 3 ITHL HIGH-LOW transition current VI = 2 V; ports 1, 2, 3 ILI input leakage current 0.45 V < VI < VDD - 0.3 V; port 0 - - 10 A Rpd pull-down resistance on pin RST 40 - 225 k Ciss input capacitance 1 MHz; Ta = 25 C; VI = 0 V - - 15 pF IDD(oper) operating supply current fosc = 12 MHz - - 23 mA fosc = 40 MHz - - 50 mA IDD(idle) Idle mode supply current fosc = 12 MHz - - 20 mA fosc = 40 MHz - - 42 mA Power-down mode supply current minimum VDD = 2 V IDD(pd) [6] [7] Ta = 0 C to +70 C - - 80 A Ta = -40 C to +85 C - - 90 A [1] This parameter is measured only for initial qualification and after a design or process change that could affect this parameter. [2] Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, IOL must be externally limited as follows: a) Maximum IOL per 8-bit port: 26 mA b) Maximum IOL total for all outputs: 71 mA c) If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOH may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater than the listed test conditions. [3] Capacitive loading on Ports 0 and 2 may cause spurious noise to be superimposed on the VOL of ALE and Ports 1 and 3. The noise due to external bus capacitance discharging into the Port 0 and 2 pins when the pins make 1-to-0 transitions during bus operations. In the worst cases (capacitive loading > 100 pF), the noise pulse on the ALE pin may exceed 0.8 V. In such cases, it may be desirable to qualify ALE with a Schmitt trigger, or use an address latch with a Schmitt trigger STROBE input. [4] Load capacitance for Port 0, ALE and PSEN = 100 pF, load capacitance for all other outputs = 80 pF. [5] Capacitive loading on Ports 0 and 2 may cause the VOH on ALE and PSEN to momentarily fall below the VDD - 0.7 V specification when the address bits are stabilizing. [6] Pins of Ports 1, 2 and 3 source a transition current when they are being externally driven from 1 to 0. The transition current reaches its maximum value when VI is approximately 2 V. [7] Pin capacitance is characterized but not tested. EA = 25 pF (max). P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 63 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 002aaa813 50 (1) IDD (mA) 40 (2) 30 20 (3) 10 (4) 0 0 10 20 30 40 internal clock frequency (MHz) (1) Maximum active IDD (2) Maximum idle IDD (3) Typical active IDD (4) Typical idle IDD Fig 30. IDD vs. frequency P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 64 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 9. Dynamic characteristics Table 63. Dynamic characteristics Over operating conditions: load capacitance for Port 0, ALE, and PSEN = 100 pF; load capacitance for all other outputs = 80 pF Ta = 0 C to +70 C or -40 C to +85 C; VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V[1][2] Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit fosc oscillator frequency X1 mode 0 - 40 MHz X2 mode 0 - 20 MHz IAP 0.25 - 40 MHz tLHLL ALE pulse width 2Tcy(clk) - 15 - - ns tAVLL address valid to ALE LOW time Tcy(clk) - 15 - - ns tLLAX address hold after ALE LOW time Tcy(clk) - 15 - - ns tLLIV ALE LOW to valid instruction in time - - 4Tcy(clk) - 45 ns tLLPL ALE LOW to PSEN LOW time Tcy(clk) - 15 - - ns tPLPH PSEN pulse width 3Tcy(clk) - 15 - - ns tPLIV PSEN LOW to valid instruction in time - - 3Tcy(clk) - 50 ns tPXIX input instruction hold after PSEN time 0 - - ns tPXIZ input instruction float after PSEN time - - Tcy(clk) - 15 ns tPXAV PSEN to address valid time Tcy(clk) - 8 - - ns tAVIV address to valid instruction in time - - 5Tcy(clk) - 60 ns tPLAZ PSEN LOW to address float time - - 10 ns tRLRH RD LOW pulse width 6Tcy(clk) - 30 - - ns tWLWH WR LOW pulse width 6Tcy(clk) - 30 - - ns tRLDV RD LOW to valid data in time - - 5Tcy(clk) - 50 ns tRHDX data hold after RD time 0 - - ns tRHDZ data float after RD time - - 2Tcy(clk) - 12 ns tLLDV ALE LOW to valid data in time - - 8Tcy(clk) - 50 ns tAVDV address to valid data in time - - 9Tcy(clk) - 75 ns tLLWL ALE LOW to RD or WR LOW time 3Tcy(clk) - 15 - 3Tcy(clk) + 15 ns tAVWL address to RD or WR LOW time 4Tcy(clk) - 30 - - ns tWHQX data hold after WR time Tcy(clk) - 20 - - ns tQVWH data output valid to WR HIGH time 7Tcy(clk) - 50 - - ns tRLAZ RD LOW to address float time - - 0 ns tWHLH RD or WR HIGH to ALE HIGH time Tcy(clk) - 15 - Tcy(clk) + 15 ns [1] Tcy(clk) = 1 / fosc. [2] Calculated values are for 6-clock mode only. P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 65 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 9.1 Explanation of symbols Each timing symbol has 5 characters. The first character is always a `T' (stands for time). The other characters, depending on their positions, stand for the name of a signal or the logical status of that signal. The following is a list of all the characters and what they stand for. A -- Address C -- Clock D -- Input data H -- Logic level HIGH I -- Instruction (program memory contents) L -- Logic level LOW or ALE P -- PSEN Q -- Output data R -- RD signal T -- Time V -- Valid W -- WR signal X -- No longer a valid logic level Z -- High impedance (Float) Example: tAVLL = Address valid to ALE LOW time tLLPL = ALE LOW to PSEN LOW time tLHLL ALE tPLPH tAVLL tLLIV tLLPL tPLIV PSEN tPXAV tPLAZ tLLAX port 0 tPXIZ tPXIX A0 to A7 INSTR IN A0 to A7 tAVIV port 2 A8 to A15 A8 to A15 002aaa548 Fig 31. External program memory read cycle P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 66 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core ALE tWHLH PSEN tLLDV tLLWL RD tAVLL tRLRH tLLAX tRHDZ tRLAZ tRHDX tRLDV A0 to A7 from RI to DPL port 0 DATA IN A0 to A7 from PCL INSTR IN tAVWL tAVDV P2.0 to P2.7 or A8 to A15 from DPH port 2 A0 to A15 from PCH 002aaa549 Fig 32. External data memory read cycle tLHLL ALE tWHLH PSEN tLLWL WR tWLWH tLLAX tWHQX tAVLL tQVWH port 0 A0 to A7 from RI or DPL DATA OUT A0 to A7 from PCL INSTR IN tAVWL port 2 P2[7:0] or A8 to A15 from DPH A8 to A15 from PCH 002aaa550 Fig 33. External data memory write cycle P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 67 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Table 64. External clock drive Symbol Parameter Oscillator Unit 40 MHz Variable Min Max Min Max fosc oscillator frequency - - 0 40 MHz Tcy(clk) clock cycle time 25 - - - ns tCHCX clock HIGH time 8.75 - 0.35Tcy(clk) 0.65Tcy(clk) ns tCLCX clock LOW time 8.75 - 0.35Tcy(clk) 0.65Tcy(clk) ns tCLCH clock rise time - 10 - - ns tCHCL clock fall time - 10 - - ns tCHCL tCHCX tCLCH tCLCX Tcy(clk) 002aaa907 Fig 34. External clock drive waveform (with an amplitude of at least Vi(RMS) = 200 mV) Table 65. Serial port timing Symbol Parameter Oscillator Unit 40 MHz Variable Min Max Min Max TXLXL serial port clock cycle time 0.3 - 12Tcy(clk) - s tQVXH output data set-up to clock rising edge time 117 - 10Tcy(clk) - 133 - ns tXHQX output data hold after clock rising edge time 0 - 2Tcy(clk) - 50 - ns tXHDX input data hold after clock rising edge 0 time - 0 - ns tXHDV input data valid to clock rising edge time 117 - 10Tcy(clk) - 133 ns - P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 68 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core instruction 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ALE TXLXL clock tXHQX tQVXH output data 0 1 write to SBUF input data 2 3 4 5 6 7 tXHDX set TI tXHDV valid valid valid valid valid valid valid valid clear RI set RI 002aaa552 Fig 35. Shift register mode timing waveforms Table 66. Symbol SPI interface timing Parameter fSPI SPI operating frequency TSPICYC SPI cycle time Conditions see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 Variable clock fosc = 18 MHz Unit Min Max Min Max 0 Tcy(clk) / 4 0 10 4Tcy(clk) - 222 - ns MHz tSPILEAD SPI enable lead time see Figure 38, 39 250 - 250 - ns tSPILAG SPI enable lag time see Figure 38, 39 250 - 250 - ns tSPICLKH SPICLK HIGH time see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 2Tcy(clk) - 111 - ns tSPICLKL SPICLK LOW time see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 2Tcy(clk) - 111 - ns tSPIDSU SPI data set-up time master or slave; see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 100 - 100 - ns tSPIDH SPI data hold time master or slave; see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 100 - 100 - ns tSPIA SPI access time see Figure 38, 39 0 80 0 80 ns tSPIDIS SPI disable time see Figure 38, 39 0 160 - 160 ns tSPIDV SPI enable to output data valid time see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 - 111 - 111 ns tSPIOH SPI output data hold time see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 0 - 0 - ns tSPIR SPI rise time see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 SPI outputs (SPICLK, MOSI, MISO) - 100 - 100 ns SPI inputs (SPICLK, MOSI, MISO, SS) - 2000 - 2000 ns SPI outputs (SPICLK, MOSI, MISO) - 100 - 100 ns SPI inputs (SPICLK, MOSI, MISO, SS) - 2000 - 2000 ns tSPIF SPI fall time see Figure 36, 37, 38, 39 P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 69 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core SS TSPICYC tSPIF tSPICLKH tSPICLKL tSPIR SPICLK (CPOL = 0) (output) tSPIF tSPIR tSPICLKL tSPICLKH SPICLK (CPOL = 1) (output) tSPIDSU MISO (input) tSPIDH LSB/MSB in MSB/LSB in tSPIDV MOSI (output) tSPIOH tSPIDV tSPIR tSPIF master MSB/LSB out master LSB/MSB out 002aaa908 Fig 36. SPI master timing (CPHA = 0) SS TSPICYC tSPIF tSPICLKL tSPIR tSPICLKH SPICLK (CPOL = 0) (output) tSPIF tSPIR tSPICLKH SPICLK (CPOL = 1) (output) tSPIDSU MISO (input) tSPIDH LSB/MSB in MSB/LSB in tSPIDV MOSI (output) tSPICLKL tSPIOH tSPIDV tSPIF tSPIR master MSB/LSB out master LSB/MSB out 002aaa909 Fig 37. SPI master timing (CPHA = 1) P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 70 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core SS tSPIF tSPIR TSPICYC tSPILEAD tSPIF tSPICLKH tSPICLKL tSPIR tSPILAG SPICLK (CPOL = 0) (input) tSPIF tSPICLKL tSPIR tSPICLKH SPICLK (CPOL = 1) (input) tSPIOH tSPIA tSPIOH MISO (output) slave MSB/LSB out tSPIDSU MOSI (input) tSPIOH tSPIDIS tSPIDV tSPIDV tSPIDH slave LSB/MSB out tSPIDSU tSPIDSU MSB/LSB in not defined tSPIDH LSB/MSB in 002aaa910 Fig 38. SPI slave timing (CPHA = 0) SS tSPIF tSPILEAD tSPIR TSPICYC tSPIF tSPICLKL tSPIR tSPILAG tSPICLKH SPICLK (CPOL = 0) (input) tSPIF tSPICLKL SPICLK (CPOL = 1) (input) tSPIR tSPICLKH tSPIOH tSPIOH tSPIDV tSPIDV tSPIOH tSPIDV tSPIDIS tSPIA MISO (output) not defined slave MSB/LSB out tSPIDSU MOSI (input) tSPIDH MSB/LSB in slave LSB/MSB out tSPIDSU tSPIDH LSB/MSB in 002aaa911 Fig 39. SPI slave timing (CPHA = 1) P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 71 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core to tester to DUT CL 002aaa555 Fig 40. Test load example VDD P0 VDD RST VDD IDD VDD 8 EA DUT clock signal (n.c.) XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS 002aaa556 All other pins disconnected Fig 41. IDD test condition, Active mode VDD P0 RST VDD IDD 8 VDD EA DUT clock signal (n.c.) XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS 002aaa557 All other pins disconnected Fig 42. IDD test condition, Idle mode P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 72 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core VDD = 2 V VDD P0 RST DUT (n.c.) VDD IDD 8 VDD EA XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS 002aaa558 All other pins disconnected Fig 43. IDD test condition, Power-down mode P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 73 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 10. Package outline seating plane DIP40: plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil) SOT129-1 ME D A2 L A A1 c e Z w M b1 (e 1) b MH 21 40 pin 1 index E 1 20 0 5 10 mm scale DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 min. A2 max. b b1 c mm 4.7 0.51 4 1.70 1.14 0.53 0.38 0.36 0.23 52.5 51.5 inches 0.19 0.02 0.16 0.067 0.045 0.021 0.015 0.014 0.009 2.067 2.028 D e e1 L ME MH w Z (1) max. 14.1 13.7 2.54 15.24 3.60 3.05 15.80 15.24 17.42 15.90 0.254 2.25 0.56 0.54 0.1 0.6 0.14 0.12 0.62 0.60 0.69 0.63 0.01 0.089 (1) E (1) Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) maximum per side are not included. REFERENCES OUTLINE VERSION IEC JEDEC JEITA SOT129-1 051G08 MO-015 SC-511-40 EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 99-12-27 03-02-13 Fig 44. SOT129-1 (DIP40) package outline P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 74 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core TQFP44: plastic thin quad flat package; 44 leads; body 10 x 10 x 1.0 mm SOT376-1 c y X A 33 23 34 22 ZE e E HE A A2 w M (A 3) A1 bp pin 1 index Lp L detail X 12 44 11 1 ZD e v M A w M bp D B HD v M B 0 2.5 5 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D (1) E (1) e mm 1.2 0.15 0.05 1.05 0.95 0.25 0.45 0.30 0.18 0.12 10.1 9.9 10.1 9.9 0.8 HD HE 12.15 12.15 11.85 11.85 L Lp v w y 1 0.75 0.45 0.2 0.2 0.1 Z D(1) Z E(1) 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.8 7o o 0 Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. REFERENCES OUTLINE VERSION IEC SOT376-1 137E08 JEDEC JEITA EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 00-01-19 02-03-14 MS-026 Fig 45. SOT376-1 (TQFP44) package outline P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 75 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core PLCC44: plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads SOT187-2 eD eE y X 39 A 29 28 40 bp ZE b1 w M 44 1 E HE pin 1 index A A4 A1 e (A 3) 6 18 Lp k 7 detail X 17 e v M A ZD D B HD v M B 0 5 10 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm dimensions are derived from the original inch dimensions) A4 A1 e UNIT A A3 D(1) E(1) eD eE HD bp b1 max. min. 4.57 4.19 mm inches 0.81 0.66 HE k 16.66 16.66 16.00 16.00 17.65 17.65 1.22 1.27 16.51 16.51 14.99 14.99 17.40 17.40 1.07 0.51 0.25 3.05 0.53 0.33 0.180 0.02 0.165 0.01 0.12 0.021 0.032 0.656 0.656 0.05 0.013 0.026 0.650 0.650 0.63 0.59 0.63 0.59 Lp v w y 1.44 1.02 0.18 0.18 0.1 ZD(1) ZE(1) max. max. 2.16 2.16 45 o 0.695 0.695 0.048 0.057 0.007 0.007 0.004 0.085 0.085 0.685 0.685 0.042 0.040 Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) maximum per side are not included. REFERENCES OUTLINE VERSION IEC JEDEC JEITA SOT187-2 112E10 MS-018 EDR-7319 EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 99-12-27 01-11-14 Fig 46. SOT187-2 (PLCC44) package outline P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 76 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 11. Abbreviations Table 67. Abbreviations Acronym Description DUT Device Under Test EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference IAP In-Application Programming ISP In-System Programming MCU Microcontroller Unit PCA Programmable Counter Array PWM Pulse Width Modulator RC Resistance-Capacitance SFR Special Function Register SPI Serial Peripheral Interface TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 77 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 12. Revision history Table 68. Revision history Document ID Release date Data sheet status Change notice Supersedes P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 20091112 Product data sheet - P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_4 Modifications: P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_4 * * * Table 37: Changed 2nd row, fosc / 6 to fosc / 2. * * Changed SCK to SPICLK throughout data sheet. Table 62: Changed 12 MHz max values for IDD(oper) and IDD(idle). Table 3: Removed sentence "However, Security lock level 4 will disable EA..." from EA pin description. Table 3: Changed SCK to SPICLK and updated pin description. 20070501 Product data sheet - P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2-03 P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2-03 20041202 Product data - P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2-02 P89V51RD2-02 20041011 Product data - P89V51RD2-01 P89V51RD2-01 20040301 Product data - - P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 78 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 13. Legal information 13.1 Data sheet status Document status[1][2] Product status[3] Definition Objective [short] data sheet Development This document contains data from the objective specification for product development. Preliminary [short] data sheet Qualification This document contains data from the preliminary specification. Product [short] data sheet Production This document contains the product specification. [1] Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. [2] The term `short data sheet' is explained in section "Definitions". [3] The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com. 13.2 Definitions Draft -- The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Short data sheet -- A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. For detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP Semiconductors sales office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail. 13.3 Disclaimers General -- Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes -- NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use -- NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer's own risk. Applications -- Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Limiting values -- Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) may cause permanent damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of this document is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Terms and conditions of sale -- NXP Semiconductors products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, including those pertaining to warranty, intellectual property rights infringement and limitation of liability, unless explicitly otherwise agreed to in writing by NXP Semiconductors. In case of any inconsistency or conflict between information in this document and such terms and conditions, the latter will prevail. No offer to sell or license -- Nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Export control -- This document as well as the item(s) described herein may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior authorization from national authorities. 13.4 Trademarks Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 14. Contact information For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5 Product data sheet (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 05 -- 12 November 2009 79 of 80 P89V51RB2/RC2/RD2 NXP Semiconductors 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core 15. Contents 1 2 3 3.1 4 5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6 6.2.7 6.2.8 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4 6.6.5 6.6.6 6.6.7 6.6.8 6.6.9 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Ordering options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Special function registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Memory organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Flash program memory bank selection. . . . . . 14 Power-on reset code execution. . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Software reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Brownout detect reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Watchdog reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Data RAM memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Expanded data RAM addressing . . . . . . . . . . 16 Dual data pointers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Flash memory IAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Flash organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Boot block (block 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 ISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Using ISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Using the serial number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 IAP method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Timers/counters 0 and 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Mode 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Mode 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Mode 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Timer 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Capture mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Auto-reload mode (up or down counter) . . . . . 33 Programmable clock-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Baud rate generator mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Summary of baud rate equations . . . . . . . . . . 37 UARTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Mode 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Mode 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Mode 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Framing error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 More about UART mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 More about UART modes 2 and 3 . . . . . . . . . 39 Multiprocessor communications . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Automatic address recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6.7 6.7.1 6.7.2 6.8 6.9 6.9.1 6.9.2 6.9.3 6.9.4 6.9.5 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.12.1 6.12.2 6.13 6.13.1 SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPI features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPI description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA capture mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-bit software timer mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High-speed output mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PWM mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA watchdog timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt priority and polling sequence . . . . . . Power-saving modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idle mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power-down mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System clock and clock options . . . . . . . . . . . Clock input options and recommended capacitor values for oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.13.2 Clock doubling option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Limiting values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Static characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 Explanation of symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 Disclaimers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 42 42 45 46 50 51 52 53 54 55 55 58 58 59 60 60 60 62 62 65 66 74 77 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section `Legal information'. (c) NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com Date of release: 12 November 2009 Document identifier: P89V51RB2_RC2_RD2_5