280 Series Waveform Generators A selection of universal waveform generators offering superior performance and excellent value Technical Data These universal waveform generators combine many generators in one instrument. Their extensive signal simulation capabilities include arbitrary waveforms, function generator, pulse/pulse train generator, sweep generator, trigger generator, tone generator, and amplitude modulation source. Key features: * * * * * * 284 Waveform Generator * * * * * Choice of one, two and four independent or linked channels 40 MS/s max. sampling speed 16 MHz function generator 10 MHz pulse generator Pulse train pattern generator Arbitrary waveforms of up to 65 k points Powerful modulation capabilities Built-in trigger generators Waveform Manager Plus for Windows(R) software Multiple standard waveforms recalled from internal memory RS-232 and GPIB interfaces 281 Waveform Generator The 281, 282, and 284 Waveform Generators use direct digital synthesis techniques as well as variable clock sampling technology to provide a fully featured programmable function and arbitrary waveform capability. The 281, 282 and 284 are 40 MS/s arbitrary waveform generators with one, two, and four channels, respectively. Waveform Manager Plus Software provides all the features needed for creation, manipulation and management of arbitrary waveforms within a single Windows(R)-based program. Single or multiple channels The 28x series comprises a single-channel model (281), two-channel (282) and four-channel (284). Each channel can be operated fully independently, or multiple channels can be linked using simple or complex relationships. Waveforms Standard waveforms include: sine, square, triangle, dc, positive ramp, negative ramp, sine(x)/x, pulse, pulse train, cosine, haversine and havercosine. Output frequency range is 0.1 mHz to 16 MHz for sine and square and up to 100 kHz for triangle, ramps and sine(x)/x. Rise time for pulse is < 25 ns with a period range of 100 ns to 100 s. Output amplitude range can be adjusted from 2.5 mV to 10 V p-p into 50 . Versatile pulse generator capabilities Each channel can generate not just pulses but complex pulse trains. A pattern of up to 10 pulses can be quickly defined with each pulse having its own amplitude, width and delay. The whole pulse train pattern can then be replayed at a user-defined repetition rate. Where variable rise time pulses are required, the full arbitrary function can be used. Arbitrary capability unmatched at this price The 280 Series are highly sophisticated 12-bit arbitrary generators, capable of recreating virtually any waveform. True variable clock architecture is used, with clock speeds between 0.1 Hz and 40 MHz. This architecture avoids the clock jitter associated with DDS arbitrary generators and permits waveform linking, looping and sequencing. Waveforms may be defined with up to 4,096 vertical points and from 4 to 65,536 horizontal points. Arbitrary waveforms may be replayed at a specified waveform frequency, period or sample rate. Up to 100 user-defined waveforms can be stored within the instrument's 256 K of nonvolatile memory. Linked-sequence operation Up to sixteen arbitrary waveforms may be linked in a sequence. Each waveform can have a loop count of up to 32,768 and the whole sequence can be run continuously or repeated more than a million times. For multi-channel models, waveforms on different channels can be daisy chained and looped. By summing the channel outputs, up to 64 segments can be used to create highly complex waveforms. Multi-channel phase locking Any number of channels can be phase locked with offsets defined to a resolution of 0.1 degree (or 360 degrees/waveform points for arbitrary waveforms). For applications requiring more than four channels, multiple generators can be phase locked. The 280 Series also has the facility for phase locking to another generator. Multi-channel summing Waveform summing sums the waveform from any channel into the next channel. Alternatively, any number of channels can be summed with an external signal. This permits complex modulations, such as noise superimposition, to be created. Inter-channel triggering and modulation Because any channel can be triggered by the previous or next channel, waveforms on different channels can be daisy chained and looped. By summing the channel outputs, up to 64 segments can be used (32 segments for 282). A channel can be used to AM modulate or SCM modulate another channel. Wide frequency sweep range All waveforms can be swept over their full frequency range at a rate variable between 30 milliseconds and 2 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators 15 minutes. Sweep can be linear or logarithmic, single or continuous. Single sweeps can be triggered from the front panel, the trigger input, or the digital interfaces. Multiple channels can be swept simultaneously. Amplitude modulation Amplitude modulation and suppressed carrier modulation are available for all waveforms. Any channel can be used to modulate another channel. Alternatively, all channels can be modulated simultaneously via the modulation input. Built-in trigger generator All waveforms are available as a triggered burst, whereby each trigger edge will produce one burst of the carrier. Start and stop phase is fully variable. Both triggered and gated modes can be operated from the internal trigger generator, from an adjacent channel, an external source or a key press or remote command. The trigger generator signal is available as a separate output if required. Tone switching The 280 Series can provide triggered switching between up to 16 frequencies of standard or arbitrary waveforms. Tone switching modes can be gated, triggered or FSK using any trigger source. By summing two channels together it is possible to generate precise DTMF test signals. Windows(R)-based waveform editing Each generator is supplied complete with sophisticated Windows-based software for the creation, editing and management of waveforms. This powerful software can be used to create arbitrary waveforms from scratch using drawing tools, equations or both together. Real-world waveforms imported from DSOs or other sources can be modified and combined with other waveforms using editing functions. A library of standard waveforms is included which can be used as "elements" when creating or modifying waveforms. A powerful Equation Editor provides an array of mathematical functions, including logarithmic and geometric operands. Waveform creation and editing can make use of drawing tools in combination with equations, insertion and manipulation. Multiple waveforms can be further combined using mathematical operators to create new waveforms. Import from DSOs and other instruments The Windows software incorporates direct support for uploading waveforms from Tektronix digital oscilloscopes. A driver for LabWindowsTM/CVI from National Instruments is available which enables imports from other equipment to be achieved within the LabWindows environment. Fully programmable via RS-232 or GPIB The 280 Series incorporates both an RS-232 interface and a GPIB (IEEE-488) interface as standard. These can be used for loading arbitrary waveforms and for remote control of all instrument functions. 280 Series Specifications Specifications apply at 18 C to 28 C after 30 minutes warm-up, at maximum output into 50 . Arbitrary waveforms Waveforms Maximum waveform size is 65,536 points; minimum waveform size is 4 points. Up to 100 user defined waveforms may be stored in the 256 K point nonvolatile RAM. Waveforms can be defined by front panel editing controls or by downloading of waveform data via RS-232 or GPIB. 64 k points per channel 12 bits 100 mHz to 40 MHz 4 digits 1 digit of setting Up to 16 waveforms may be linked. Each waveform can have a loop count of up to 32,768. A sequence of waveforms can be looped up to 1,048,575 times or run continuously. Selectable between 16 MHz Elliptic, 10 MHz Elliptic, 10 MHz Bessel or none Waveform memory Vertical resolution Sample clock Resolution Accuracy Sequencing Output filter Standard waveforms All Waveforms 10 ppm for 1 year Typically < 1 ppm/C. 2.5 mV to 10 Vpp into 50 Accuracy Temp. stability Output level Sine, Cosine, Haversine, Havercosine Range Resolution Harmonic distortion 0.1 mHz to 16 MHz 0.1 mHz or 7 digits < 0.1 % THD to 100 kHz; < -65 dBc to 20 kHz, < -50 dBc to 300 kHz, < -35 dBc to 10 MHz < -30 dBc to 16 MHz < -65 dBc to 1 MHz, < -65 dBc + 6 dB/octave 1 MHz to 16 MHz Nonharmonic spurii Square Range Resolution Accuracy Rise/fall times 1 mHz to 16 MHz 1 mHz (4 digits) 1 digit of setting < 25 ns Pulse and Pulse Train < 25 ns 100 ns to 100 s 4 digit 1 digit of setting -99.99 s to + 99.99 s 0.002 % of period or 25 ns, whichever is greater 25 ns to 99.99 s 0.002 % of period or 25 ns, whichever is greater Rise/fall times Period range Period resolution Accuracy Delay range Delay resolution Width range Width resolution Triangle 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz 0.1 mHz or 7 digits < 0.1 % to 30 kHz Range Resolution Linearity error Ramps and Sin(x)/x Range Resolution Linearity error 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz 0.1 mHz (7 digits) 0.1 % to 30 kHz Note: The pulse width and absolute value of the delay may not exceed the pulse period at any time. Pulse trains of up to 10 pulses may be specified, each pulse having independently defined width, delay and level. The baseline voltage is separately defined and the sequence repetition rate is set by the pulse train period. 3 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators 280 Series Specifications cont. Operating modes Continuous Waveform runs continuously Triggered Burst Each active edge of the trigger signal will produce one burst of the waveform Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary 40 Ms/s for ARB and Sequence. 1 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform. Max. Carrier Frequency 1 to 1,048,575 Number of cycles Trigger repetition 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or remote Trigger signal source interface. Trigger start/stop phase 360 settable with 0.1 resolution, subject to waveform frequency and type Gated Waveform will run while the Gate signal is true and stop while false Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary Max. carrier frequency 40 Ms/s for ARB and Sequence. 1 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform. Number of cycles 1 to 1,048,575 Trigger repetition 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external Gate signal source Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or remote interface. Gate start/stop phase 360 settable with 0.1 resolution, subject to waveform frequency and type Tone Switching Frequency sweep capability is provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms. Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to perform the sweep. Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary except pulse, pulse train and sequence Sweep mode Linear or logarithmic, triggered or continuous Sweep direction Up, down, up/down or down/up Sweep range From 1 mHz to 16 MHz in one range. Phase continuous. Independent setting of the start and stop frequency. Sweep time 30 ms to 999 s Marker Variable during sweep Sweep trigger source The sweep may be free run or triggered from the following sources: Manually from keyboard. Externally from TRIG IN input or remote interface. Sweep hold Sweep can be held and restarted by the HOLD key Multi channel sweep Any number of channels may be swept simultaneously but the sweep parameters will be the same for all channels. Amplitude, Offset and Waveform can be set independently for each channel. Tone Switching Capability provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms. Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to allow instantaneous frequency switching. Carrier waveforms All except pulse, pulse train and sequence Frequency list Up to 16 frequencies from 1 mHz to 10 MHz Trigger repetition rate 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal. DC to 1 MHz external. Usable repetition rate and waveform frequency depend on the tone switching mode. Source Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or remote interface. Tone switching modes Gated The tone is output while the trigger signal is true and stopped, at the end of the current waveform cycle, while the trigger signal is false. The next tone is output when the trigger signal is true again. Triggered The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and the next tone is output, at the end of the current waveform cycle, when the trigger signal goes true again. The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and the next tone is output, immediately, when the FSK trigger signal goes true again. Using 2 channels with their outputs summed together it is possible to generate DTMF test signals. Trigger Generator Internal source 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz square wave adjustable in 10 us steps. 3-digit resolution. Available for external use from any SYNC OUT socket. 4 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators 280 Series Specifications cont. Outputs Main Output -- One for each channel Output impedance Amplitude Amplitude accuracy Amplitude flatness DC offset range DC offset accuracy Resolution 50 5 mV to 20 Vpp open circuit (2.5 mV to 10 Vpp into 50 ). Amplitude can be specified open circuit (hi Z) or into an assumed load of 50 or 600 Vp-p, Vrms or dBm. 2 % 1 mV at 1 kHz into 50 0.2 dB to 200 kHz; 1 dB to 10 MHz; 2.5 dB to 16 MHz 10 V from 50 . Offset plus signal peak limited to 10 V Typically 3 % 10 mV, unattenuated 3 digits or 1 mV for both amplitude and dc offset Sync Out -- One for each channel Multifunction output user definable or automatically selected to be any of the following: Waveform sync A square wave with 50 % duty cycle at the main waveform frequency, or a pulse coincident with the first few (all waveforms) points of an arbitrary waveform. Any point(s) on the waveform may have associated marker bit(s) set high or low Position markers Burst done Produces a pulse coincident with the last cycle of a burst. Produces a pulse coincident with the end of a waveform sequence. Sequence sync Selects the current trigger signal. Useful for synchronizing burst or gated signals. Trigger Sweep sync Outputs a pulse at the start of sweep to synchronize an oscilloscope or recorder. Used to phase lock two generators. Produces a positive edge at the 0 phase point. Phase lock out TTL/CMOS logic levels from typically 50 . Output signal level Cursor/marker out Adjustable output pulse for use as a marker in sweep mode or as a cursor in arbitrary waveform editing mode. Can be used to modulate the Z axis of an oscilloscope or be displayed on a second `scope channel. Output Signal Level: Adjustable from nominally 2 V to 14 V, normal or inverted; adjustable width as a cursor. Output impedance 600 typical Inputs Trig In Frequency range Signal range Min. pulse width Polarity Input impedance DC to 1 MHz Threshold nominally TTL level; maximum input 10 V 50 ns, for Trigger/Gate; 50 us for Sweep mode Selectable as high/rising edge or low/falling edge 10 k Modulation In Frequency range VCA signal range SCM signal range Input impedance DC to 100 kHz Approximately 1 V pkpk for 100 % level change at maximum output Approximately 1 V pk for maximum output Typically 1 k Sum In Frequency range Signal range Input impedance DC to 8 MHz Approximately 2 V p-p input for 20 V p-p output Typically 1 k Hold Holds an arbitrary waveform at its current position. A TTL low level or switch closure causes the waveform to stop at the current position and wait until a TTL high level or switch opening which allows the waveform to continue. The front panel MAN HOLD key or remote command may also be used to control the Hold function. While held the front panel MAN TRIG key or remote command may be used to return the waveform to the start. The Hold input may be enabled independently for each channel. 10 k Input impedance Ref Clock In/Out Set to input Set to output Set to phase lock 5 Fluke Corporation Input for an external 10 MHz reference clock. TTL/CMOS threshold level. Buffered version of the internal 10 MHz clock. Output levels nominally 1 V and 4 V from 50 Used together with SYNC OUT on a master and TRIG IN on a slave to synchronise (phase lock) two separate generators. 280 Series Waveform Generators 280 Series Specifications cont. Inter-channel operation Inter-Channel Modulation The waveform from any channel may be used to Amplitude Modulate (AM) or Suppressed Carrier Modulate (SCM) the next channel. Alternatively any number of channels may be Modulated (AM or SCM) with the signal at the MODULATION input socket. Entire range for selected waveform Carrier frequency Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary waveforms AM: Double sideband with carrier. SCM: Double sideband suppressed carrier Modulation types Modulation source Internal from the previous channel. External from Modulation input socket. The external modulation signal may be applied to any number of channels simultaneously. Frequency range DC to > 100 kHz 0 % to 105 %. Internal AM depth Internal AM resolution 1% > 40 dB Carrier suppression (SCM) External modulation VCA: Approximately 1 V p-p for 100 % level change at maximum output signal range SCM: Approximately 1 V pk for max. output Inter-Channel Analogue Summing Waveform Summing sums the waveform from any channel into the next channel. Alternatively any number of channels may be summed with the signal at the SUM input socket. Carrier frequency Entire range for selected waveform All standard and arbitrary waveforms Carrier waveforms Internal from the previous channel. External from SUM IN socket. Sum source Frequency range DC to > 8 MHz Ext. signal range Approx. 5 V p-p input for 20 V p-p output Inter-Channel Phase Locking Two or more channels may be phase locked together. Each locked channel may be assigned a phase angle relative to the other locked channels. Arbitrary waveforms and waveform sequences may be phase locked but certain constraints apply to waveform lengths and clock frequency ratios. With one channel assigned as the Master and other channels as Slaves a frequency change on the master will be repeated on each slave thus allowing multiphase waveforms at the same frequency to be easily generated. DDS waveforms are those with 7 digits of frequency setting resolution, while Non-DDS waveforms have 4 digits. Phase resolution DDS waveforms: 0.1 degree or 360 degrees/number of points whichever is the greater Non-DDS waveforms Phase error < 10 ns all waveforms The signals from the REF IN/OUT socket and the SYNC OUT socket can be used to phase lock two instruments where more than 4 channels are required. Inter-Channel Triggering Any channel can be triggered by the previous or next channel. The previous/next connections can be used to `daisy chain' a trigger signal from a `start' channel, through a number of channels in the `chain' to an `end' channel. Each channel receives the trigger out signal from the previous (or next) channel, and drives its selected trigger out to the next (or previous) channel. The `end' channel trigger out can be set up to drive the `start' channel, closing the loop. In this way, complex and versatile interchannel trigger schemes may be set up. Each channel can have its trigger out and its output waveform set up independently. Trigger out may be selected from Waveform End, Position Markers, Sequence Sync or Burst Done. Using the scheme above it is possible to create a sequence of up to 64 waveform segments, each channel producing up to 16 segments and all channels being summed to produce the complete waveform at the output of channel 4. Interfaces RS-232 IEEE-488 Software included Instrument drivers 6 Fluke Corporation Variable Baud rate, 9600 Baud maximum Conforms with IEEE488.1 and IEEE488.2 Windows(R)-based software for waveform creation, editing and management is supplied. LabView and LabWindows CVI drivers are either supplied with the instrument or are available via your local Fluke office 280 Series Waveform Generators 280 Series Specifications cont. General Specifications Display Data entry Stored settings Size Weight Power Operating range Storage range Environmental Options Safety EMC 20 character x 4 row alphanumeric LCD Keyboard selection of mode, waveform etc.; value entry direct by numeric keys or by rotary control Up to 9 complete instrument setups may be stored and recalled from battery-backed memory. Up to 100 arbitrary waveforms can also be stored independent of the instrument settings. 130 mm (3 U) height; 335 mm long; width 350 mm (282/284), 212 mm (281) 7.2 kg. (16 lb) (282/284); 4.1 kg (9 lb) (281) 230 V, 115 V or 100 V nominal 50/60 Hz, adjustable internally; operating range 14 % of nominal;100 VA max. for 4 channels, 75 VA max. for 2 channel, 40 VA max. for 1 channel. Installation Category II. +5 C to 40 C, 20-80 % RH -20 C to + 60 C Indoor use at altitudes to 2000 m, Pollution Degree 2 19-in rack mounting kit Complies with EN61010-1 Complies with EN61326 Ordering Information Models 281 1 Channel 40 MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator and Waveform Manager Plus Software 282 2 Channel, 40 MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator and Waveform Manager Plus Software 284 4 Channel, 40 MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator and Waveform Manager Plus Software Options and Accessories Y200H Rackmount Kit - half rack (281) Y200F Rackmount Kit - full rack (282, 284) Fluke. Keeping your world up and running. Fluke Corporation PO Box 9090, Everett, WA USA 98206 Fluke Europe B.V. PO Box 1186, 5602 BD Eindhoven, The Netherlands For more information call: In the U.S.A. (800) 443-5853 or Fax (425) 446-5116 In Europe/M-East/Africa (31 40) 2 675 200 or Fax (31 40) 2 675 222 In Canada (800)-36-FLUKE or Fax (905) 890-6866 From other countries +1 (425) 446-5500 or Fax +1 (425) 446-5116 Web access: http://www.fluke.com/ (c)2005 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. 9/2005 2523650 D-EN-N Rev B 7 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators