PIC16C57-RC-SP - N/A - Datasheet.Live



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS30453A-page 1

PIC16C5X

Devices Included in this Data Sheet:

• PIC16C52

• PIC16C54s

• PIC16CR54s

• PIC16C55s

• PIC16C56s

• PIC16CR56s

• PIC16C57s

• PIC16CR57s

• PIC16C58s

• PIC16CR58s

High-Performance RISC CPU:

• Only 33 single word instructions to learn

• All instructions are single cycle (200 ns) except f or

program branches which are two-cycle

• Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input

DC - 200 ns instruction cycle

Note: The letter "s" used following the part

numbers throughout this document

indicate plural, meaning there is more

than one part variety for the indicated

device.

Device Pins I/O EPROM/

ROM RAM

PIC16C52 18 12 384 25

PIC16C54 18 12 512 25

PIC16C54A 18 12 512 25

PIC16C54B 18 12 512 25

PIC16CR54A 18 12 512 25

PIC16CR54B 18 12 512 25

PIC16C55 28 20 512 24

PIC16C55A 28 20 512 24

PIC16C56 18 12 1K 25

PIC16C56A 18 12 1K 25

PIC16CR56A 18 12 1K 25

PIC16C57 28 20 2K 72

PIC16C57C 28 20 2K 72

PIC16CR57B 28 20 2K 72

PIC16CR57C 28 20 2K 72

PIC16C58A 18 12 2K 73

PIC16C58B 18 12 2K 73

PIC16CR58A 18 12 2K 73

PIC16CR58B 18 12 2K 73

• 12-bit wide instructions

• 8-bit wide data path

• Se v en or eight special function hardw are registers

• Two-level deep hardware stack

• Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes for

data and instructions

Peripheral Features:

• 8-bit real time clock/counter (TMR0) with 8-bit

programmable prescaler

• Power-On Reset (POR)

• Device Reset Timer (DRT)

• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip

RC oscillator for reliable operation

• Programmable code-protection

• Power saving SLEEP mode

• Selectable oscillator options:

- RC: Low-cost RC oscillator

- XT: Standard crystal/resonator

- HS: High-speed crystal/resonator

- LP: Power saving, low-frequency crystal

CMOS Technology:

• Low-power, high-speed CMOS EPR OM/ROM

technology

• Fully static design

• Wide-operating voltage and temperature range:

- EPROM Commercial/Industrial 2.0V to 6.25V

- ROM Commercial/Industrial 2.0V to 6.25V

- EPROM Extended 2.5V to 6.0V

- ROM Extended 2.5V to 6.0V

• Low-power consumption

- < 2 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz

- 15

A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz

- < 0.6

A typical standby current

(with WDT disabled) @ 3V, 0

C to 70

Note: In this document, ﬁgure and table titles

refer to all varieties of the part number

indicated, (i.e., The title "Figure 14-1:

Load Conditions - PIC16C54A", also

refers to PIC16LC54A and PIC16LV54A

parts).

EPROM/ROM-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller Series

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 2

Preliminary



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

Pin Diagrams

PDIP, SOIC, Windowed CERDIP

PIC16CR54s

PIC16C58s

PIC16CR58s

PIC16C54s

RA1

RA0

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

VDD

RB7

RB6

RB5

RB4

RA2

RA3

T0CKI

MCLR/VPP

VSS

RB0

RB1

RB2

RB3

•1

SSOP

PIC16C56s

PIC16CR56s

PIC16CR54s

PIC16C58s

PIC16CR58s

PIC16C54s

PIC16C56s

PIC16CR56s

RA2

RA3

T0CKI

MCLR/VPP

VSS

RB0

RB1

RB2

RB3

•1

910

RA1

RA0

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

VDD

RB7

RB6

RB5

RB4

PIC16C52s

•1

MCLR/VPP

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

RC7

RC6

RC5

RC4

RC3

RC2

RC1

RC0

PDIP, SOIC, Windowed CERDIP

PIC16C57s

PIC16C55s

MCLR/VPP

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

RC7

RC6

RC5

RC4

RC3

RC2

RC1

RC0

RB7

RB6

RB5

T0CKI

VDD

VSS

RA0

RA1

RA2

RA3

RB0

RB1

RB2

RB3

RB4

•1

PIC16C57s

SSOP

PIC16C55s

VDD

VSS

PIC16CR57s

T0CKI

VDD

N/C

VSS

N/C

RA0

RA1

RA2

RA3

RB0

RB1

RB2

RB3

RB4



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS30453A-page 3

PIC16C5X

Device Differences

Note 1:

If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application.

Note 2:

In PIC16LV58A, MCLR Filter = Yes

Device Voltage

Range

Oscillator

Selection

(Program) Oscillator Process

Technology

(Microns)

ROM

Equivalent MCLR

Filter

PIC16C52 3.0-6.25 User See Note 1 0.9 — No

PIC16C54 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.2 PIC16CR54A No

PIC16C54A 2.0-6.25 User See Note 1 0.9 — No

PIC16C54B 3.0-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 PIC16CR54B Yes

PIC16C55 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.7 — No

PIC16C55A 3.0-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 — Yes

PIC16C56 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.7 — No

PIC16C56A 3.0-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 PIC16CR56A Yes

PIC16C57 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.2 — No

PIC16C57C 3.0-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 PIC16CR57C Yes

PIC16CR57C 2.5-5.5 Factory See Note 1 0.7 NA Yes

PIC16C58A 2.0-6.25 User See Note 1 0.9 PIC16CR58A No

(2)

PIC16C58B 3.0-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 PIC16CR58B Yes

PIC16CR54A 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.2 NA Yes

PIC16CR54B 2.5-5.5 Factory See Note 1 0.7 NA Yes

PIC16CR56A 2.5-5.5 Factory See Note 1 0.7 NA Yes

PIC16CR57B 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 0.9 NA Yes

PIC16CR58A 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 0.9 NA Yes

PIC16CR58B 2.5-5.5 Factory See Note 1 0.7 NA Yes

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 4

Preliminary



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

Table of Contents

1.0 General Description.............................................................................................................................................5

2.0 PIC16C5X Device Varieties.................................................................................................................................7

3.0 Architectural Overview.........................................................................................................................................9

4.0 Memory Organization ........................................................................................................................................15

5.0 I/O Ports.............................................................................................................................................................25

6.0 Timer0 Module and TMR0 Register...................................................................................................................27

7.0 Special Features of the CPU.............................................................................................................................31

8.0 Instruction Set Summary ...................................................................................................................................43

9.0 Development Support........................................................................................................................................55

10.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C52................................................................................................................59

11.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C54/55/56/57.................................................................................................67

12.0 DC and AC Characteristics - PIC16C54/55/56/57.............................................................................................81

13.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16CR54A...........................................................................................................89

14.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C54A...........................................................................................................103

15.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16CR57B.........................................................................................................117

16.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C58A...........................................................................................................131

17.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16CR58A.........................................................................................................145

18.0 DC and AC Characteristics - PIC16C54A/CR57B/C58A/CR58A ....................................................................159

19.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C54B/CR54B/C56A/CR56A/C58B/CR58B .................................................171

20.0 DC and AC Characteristics - PIC16C54B/CR54B/C56A/CR56A/C58B/CR58B..............................................183

21.0 Packaging Information.....................................................................................................................................193

Appendix A: Compatibility ...........................................................................................................................................205

Index............................................................................................................................................................................207

PIC16C5X Product Identification System....................................................................................................................215

PIC16C54/55/56/57 Product Identification System.....................................................................................................216



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS30453A-page 5

PIC16C5X

1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The PIC16C5X from Microchip Technology is a family

of low-cost, high performance, 8-bit, fully static,

EPROM/ ROM-based CMOS microcontrollers. It

employs a RISC architecture with only 33 single

word/single cycle instructions. All instructions are sin-

gle cycle (200 ns) except for program branches which

take two cycles. The PIC16C5X delivers performance

an order of magnitude higher than its competitors in the

same price category. The 12-bit wide instructions are

highly symmetrical resulting in 2:1 code compression

over other 8-bit microcontrollers in its class. The easy

to use and easy to remember instruction set reduces

development time signiﬁcantly.

The PIC16C5X products are equipped with special f ea-

tures that reduce system cost and pow er requirements.

The Power-On Reset (POR) and Device Reset Timer

(DRT) eliminate the need for external reset circuitry.

There are f our oscillator conﬁgurations to choose from,

including the power-saving LP (Low Power) oscillator

and cost saving RC oscillator. Power saving SLEEP

mode, Watchdog Timer and code protection features

improve system cost, power and reliability.

The UV erasable CERDIP packaged v ersions are ideal

for code development, while the cost-effective One

Time Programmable (OTP) versions are suitable for

production in any volume. The customer can take full

advantage of Microchip’s price leadership in OTP

microcontrollers while beneﬁting from the OTP’s

ﬂexibility.

The PIC16C5X products are supported by a

full-featured macro assembler , a softw are simulator, an

in-circuit emulator, a ‘C’ compiler, fuzzy logic support

tools, a low-cost development programmer, and a full

featured programmer. All the tools are supported on

IBM



PC and compatible machines.

1.1 Applications

The PIC16C5X series ﬁts perfectly in applications rang-

ing from high-speed automotive and appliance motor

control to low-power remote transmitters/receivers,

pointing de vices and telecom processors. The EPROM

technology makes customizing application programs

(transmitter codes, motor speeds, receiver frequen-

cies, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The small

footprint packages, for through hole or surface mount-

ing, make this microcontroller series perf ect for applica-

tions with space limitations. Low-cost, low-power, high

performance, ease of use and I/O ﬂexibility make the

PIC16C5X series very versatile e ven in areas where no

microcontroller use has been considered before (e.g.,

timer functions, replacement of “glue” logic in larger

systems, coprocessor applications).

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 6

Preliminary



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 1-1: PIC16C5X FAMILY OF DEVICES

PIC16C52 PIC16C54s PIC16CR54s PIC16C55s PIC16C56s

Clock

Maximum Frequency

of Operation (MHz) 4 20 20 20 20

Memory

EPROM Program Memory

(x12 words) 384 512 — 512 1K

ROM Program Memory

(x12 words) — — 512 — —

RAM Data Memory (bytes) 25 25 25 24 25

Peripherals

Timer Module(s) TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0

Features

I/O Pins 12 12 12 20 12

Number of Instructions 33 33 33 33 33

Packages 18-pin DIP,

SOIC 18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

28-pin DIP,

SOIC;

28-pin SSOP

18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

All PIC16/17 Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer (except PIC16C52), selectable code

protect and high I/O current capability.

PIC16CR56s PIC16C57s PIC16CR57s PIC16C58s PIC16CR58s

Clock

Maximum Frequency

of Operation (MHz) 20 20 20 20 20

Memory

EPROM Program Memory

(x12 words) — 2K — 2K —

ROM Program Memory

(x12 words) 1K — 2K — 2K

RAM Data Memory (bytes) 25 72 72 73 73

Peripherals

Timer Module(s) TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0 TMR0

Features

I/O Pins 12 20 20 12 12

Number of Instructions 33 33 33 33 33

Packages 18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

28-pin DIP,

SOIC;

28-pin SSOP

28-pin DIP,

SOIC;

28-pin SSOP

18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

18-pin DIP,

SOIC;

20-pin SSOP

All PIC16/17 Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer (except PIC16C52), selectable code

protect and high I/O current capability.



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS30453A-page 7

PIC16C5X

2.0 PIC16C5X DEVICE VARIETIES

A variety of frequency ranges and packaging options

are available. Depending on application and

production requirements, the proper device option can

be selected using the inf ormation in this section. When

placing orders, please use the PIC16C5X Product

Identiﬁcation System at the back of this data sheet to

specify the correct part number.

For the PIC16C5X family of devices, there are four

device types, as indicated in the device number:

, as in PIC16C54. These devices have

EPROM program memory and operate over the

standard voltage range.

, as in PIC16LC54A. These devices have

EPROM program memor y and operate over an

extended voltage range.

, as in PIC16LV54A. These devices have

EPROM program memory and operate over a

2.0V to 3.8V range.

, as in PIC16CR54A. These devices have

ROM program memory and operate over the

standard voltage range.

LCR

, as in PIC16LCR54B. These devices have

ROM program memory and operate over an

extended voltage range.

2.1 UV Erasable Devices (EPROM)

The UV erasable versions, offered in CERDIP

packages, are optimal for prototype development and

pilot programs

UV erasable devices can be programmed for any of

the four oscillator conﬁgurations. Microchip's

PICSTART



and PRO MATE



programmers both

support programming of the PIC16C5X. Third party

programmers also are available; refer to the Third

Party Guide for a list of sources.

2.2 One-Time-Programmable (OTP)

Devices

The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for

customers expecting frequent code changes and

updates.

The OTP devices, packaged in plastic packages,

permit the user to program them once. In addition to

the program memory, the conﬁguration bits must be

programmed.

2.3 Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP)

Devices

Microchip offers a QTP Programming Service for

factory production orders. This service is made

available for users who choose not to program a

medium to high quantity of units and whose code

patterns have stabilized. The devices are identical to

the OTP devices but with all EPROM locations and

conﬁguration bit options already programmed by the

factory. Certain code and prototype veriﬁcation

procedures apply before production shipments are

available. Please contact your Microchip Technology

sales ofﬁce for more details.

2.4 Serialized

Quick-Turnaround-Production

(SQTP ) Devices

Microchip offers the unique programming service

where a few user-deﬁned locations in each device are

programmed with different serial numbers. The serial

numbers may be random, pseudo-random or

sequential. The devices are identical to the OTP

devices but with all EPROM locations and

conﬁguration bit options already programmed by the

factory.

Serial programming allows each device to have a

unique number which can serve as an entry code,

password or ID number.

2.5 Read Only Memory (ROM) Devices

Microchip offers masked ROM versions of several of

the highest volume parts, giving the customer a low

cost option for high volume, mature products.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 8

Preliminary



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

NOTES:



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS30453A-page 9

PIC16C5X

3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

The high perfor mance of the PIC16C5X family can be

attributed to a number of architectural features

commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin

with, the PIC16C5X uses a Harvard architecture in

which program and data are accessed on separate

buses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von

Neumann architecture where program and data are

fetched on the same bus. Separating program and

data memory further allows instructions to be sized

differently than the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction

opcodes are 12-bits wide making it possible to have all

single word instructions. A 12-bit wide program

memory access bus fetches a 12-bit instruction in a

single cycle. A two-stage pipeline overlaps fetch and

execution of instructions. Consequently, all instructions

(33) execute in a single cycle (200ns @ 20MHz)

except for program branches.

The PIC16C52 addresses 384 x 12 of program

memory, the PIC16C54s/CR54s and PIC16C55s

address 512 x 12 of program memory, the

PIC16C56s/CR56s address 1K X 12 of program

memory, and the PIC16C57s/CR57s and

PIC16C58s/CR58s address 2K x 12 of program

memory. All program memory is internal.

The PIC16C5X can directly or indirectly address its

registers including the program counter are mapped in

the data memory. The PIC16C5X has a highly

orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it

possible to carry out any operation on any register

using any addressing mode. This symmetrical nature

and lack of ‘special optimal situations’ make

programming with the PIC16C5X simple yet efﬁcient.

In addition, the learning curve is reduced signiﬁcantly.

The PIC16C5X device contains an 8-bit ALU and

working register. The ALU is a general purpose

arithmetic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean

functions between data in the working register and any

The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition,

subtraction, shift and logical operations. Unless

otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's

complement in nature. In two-operand instructions,

typically one operand is the W (working) register. The

other operand is either a ﬁle register or an immediate

constant. In single operand instructions, the operand

is either the W register or a ﬁle register.

The W register is an 8-bit working register used for

ALU operations. It is not an addressable register.

Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may

affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC),

and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and

DC bits operate as a borrow and digit borrow out bit,

respectively, in subtraction. See the

SUBWF

and

ADDWF

instructions for examples.

A simpliﬁed block diagram is shown in Figure 3-1, with

the corresponding device pins described in Table 3-1.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 10

Preliminary



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 3-1: PIC16C5X SERIES BLOCK DIAGRAM

WDT TIME

OUT

STACK 1

STACK 2

EPROM/ROM

384 X 12 TO

2048 X 12

INSTRUCTION

DECODER

WATCHDOG

TIMER

CONFIGURATION WORD

OSCILLATOR/

TIMING &

CONTROL

GENERAL

PURPOSE

FILE

(SRAM)

24, 25, 72 or

73 Bytes

WDT/TMR0

PRESCALER

OPTION REG. “OPTION”

“SLEEP”

“CODE

PROTECT”

“OSC

SELECT”

DIRECT ADDRESS

TMR0

FROM W

“TRIS 5” “TRIS 6” “TRIS 7”

FSR

TRISA PORTA TRISB PORTC

TRISC

PORTB

FROM W

T0CKI

9-11

DATA BUS

ALU

STATUS

FROM W

CLKOUT

5-7

OSC1 OSC2 MCLR

LITERALS

PC “DISABLE”

RA3:RA0 RB7:RB0 RC7:RC0

(28-Pin

Devices Only)

DIRECT RAM

ADDRESS



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS30453A-page 11

PIC16C5X

TABLE 3-1: PINOUT DESCRIPTION - PIC16C52, PIC16C54s, PIC16CR54s, PIC16C56s,

PIC16CR56s, PIC16C58s, PIC16CR58s

Name DIP, SOIC

No. SSOP

No. I/O/P

Type Input

Levels Description

RA0

RA1

RA2

RA3

I/O

TTL

Bi-directional I/O port

RB0

RB1

RB2

RB3

RB4

RB5

RB6

RB7

I/O

TTL

Bi-directional I/O port

T0CKI 3 3 I ST Clock input to Timer0. Must be tied to V

or V

DD,

if not in

use, to reduce current consumption.

MCLR/V

4 4 I ST Master clear (reset) input/programming voltage input. This

pin is an active low reset to the device. Voltage on the

MCLR/V

pin must not exceed V

to avoid unintended

entering of programming mode.

OSC1/CLKIN 16 18 I ST Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

OSC2/CLKOUT 15 17 O — Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in

crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs

CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and denotes

the instruction cycle rate.

14 15,16 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.

5 5,6 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

Legend: I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output,

P = power, — = Not Used, TTL = TTL input,

ST = Schmitt Trigger input

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 12

Preliminary



1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 3-2: PINOUT DESCRIPTION

PIC16C55s, PIC16C57s, PIC16CR57s

Name DIP, SOIC

No. SSOP

No. I/O/P

Type Input

Levels Description

RA0

RA1

RA2

RA3

I/O

TTL

Bi-directional I/O port

RB0

RB1

RB2

RB3

RB4

RB5

RB6

RB7

I/O

TTL

Bi-directional I/O port

RC0

RC1

RC2

RC3

RC4

RC5

RC6

RC7

I/O

TTL

Bi-directional I/O port

T0CKI 1 2 I ST Clock input to Timer0. Must be tied to V

SS or VDD if not in use

to reduce current consumption.

MCLR 28 28 I ST Master clear (reset) input. This pin is an active lo w reset to the

device.

OSC1/CLKIN 27 27 I ST Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

OSC2/CLKOUT 26 26 O — Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in

crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs

CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and denotes

the instruction cycle rate.

VDD 2 3,4 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.

VSS 4 1,14 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

N/C 3,5 — — — Unused, do not connect

Legend: I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output,

P = power, — = Not Used,

TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 13

PIC16C5X

3.1 Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle

The clock input (OSC1/CLKIN pin) is internally divided

by four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature

clocks namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the

program counter is incremented every Q1, and the

instruction is fetched from program memory and

latched into instruction register in Q4. It is decoded

and executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The

clocks and instruction execution ﬂow is shown in

Figure 3-2 and Example 3-1.

3.2 Instruction Flow/Pipelining

An Instruction Cycle consists of four Q cycles (Q1, Q2,

Q3 and Q4). The instruction fetch and execute are

pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction cycle

while decode and execute takes another instruction

cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction

effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction

causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO)

then two cycles are required to complete the

instruction (Example 3-1).

A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC)

incrementing in Q1.

In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is

latched into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1.

This instruction is then decoded and executed during

the Q2, Q3, and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read

during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4

(destination write).

FIGURE 3-2: CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE

EXAMPLE 3-1: INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

OSC1

OSC2/CLKOUT

(RC mode)

PC PC+1 PC+2

Fetch INST (PC)

Execute INST (PC-1) Fetch INST (PC+1)

Execute INST (PC) Fetch INST (PC+2)

Execute INST (PC+1)

Internal

phase

clock

All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch

instruction is “ﬂushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.

1. MOVLW 55H Fetch 1 Execute 1

2. MOVWF PORTB Fetch 2 Execute 2

3. CALL SUB_1 Fetch 3 Execute 3

4. BSF PORTA, BIT3 Fetch 4 Flush

Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 14 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

NOTES:

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 15

PIC16C5X

4.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

PIC16C5X memory is organized into prog ram memory

and data memory. For devices with more than 512

bytes of program memory, a paging scheme is used.

Program memory pages are accessed using one or

two STATUS register bits. For devices with a data

memory register ﬁle of more than 32 registers, a

banking scheme is used. Data memory banks are

accessed using the File Selection Register (FSR).

4.1 Program Memory Organization

The PIC16C52 has a 9-bit Program Counter (PC)

capable of addressing a 384 x 12 program memory

space (Figure 4-1). The PIC16C54s, PIC16CR54s and

PIC16C55s have a 9-bit Program Counter (PC)

capable of addressing a 512 x 12 program memory

space (Figure 4-2). The PIC16C56s and PIC16CR56s

have a 10-bit Program Counter (PC) capable of

addressing a 1K x 12 program memory space

(Figure 4-3). The PIC16CR57s, PIC16C58s and

PIC16CR58s have an 11-bit Progr am Counter capab le

of addressing a 2K x 12 program memory space

(Figure 4-4). Accessing a location above the physically

implemented address will cause a wraparound.

The reset vector for the PIC16C52 is at 17Fh. A NOP

at the reset vector location will cause a restart at

location 000h. The reset vector for the PIC16C54s,

PIC16CR54s and PIC16C55s is at 1FFh. The reset

vector for the PIC16C56s and PIC16CR56s is at

3FFh. The reset vector for the PIC16C57s,

PIC16CR57s, PIC16C58s, and PIC16CR58s is at

7FFh.

FIGURE 4-1: PIC16C52 PROGRAM

MEMORY MAP AND STACK

PC<8:0>

Stack Level 1

Stack Level 2

User Memory

Space

000h

Reset Vector

On-chip Program

Memory

17Fh

CALL, RETLW

FIGURE 4-2: PIC16C54s/CR54s/C55s

PROGRAM MEMORY MAP

AND STACK

FIGURE 4-3: PIC16C56s/CR56s

PROGRAM MEMORY MAP

AND STACK

PC<8:0>

Stack Level 1

Stack Level 2

User Memory

Space

CALL, RETLW 9

000h

1FFh

Reset Vector

0FFh

100h

On-chip

Program

Memory

PC<9:0>

Stack Level 1

Stack Level 2

User Memory

Space

000h

1FFh

Reset Vector

0FFh

100h

On-chip Program

Memory (Page 0)

On-chip Program

Memory (Page 1)

200h

2FFh

300h

3FFh

CALL, RETLW

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 16 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 4-4: PIC16C57s/CR57s/C58s/

CR58s PROGRAM MEMORY

MAP AND STACK

PC<10:0>

Stack Level 1

Stack Level 2

User Memory

Space

000h

1FFh

Reset Vector

0FFh

100h

On-chip Program

Memory (Page 0)

On-chip Program

Memory (Page 1)

On-chip Program

Memory (Page 2)

On-chip Program

Memory (Page 3)

200h

3FFh

2FFh

300h

400h

5FFh

4FFh

500h

600h

7FFh

6FFh

700h

CALL, RETLW

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 17

PIC16C5X

4.2 Data Memory Organization

Data memory is composed of registers, or bytes of

RAM. Therefore, data memory for a device is speciﬁed

by its register ﬁle. The register ﬁle is divided into two

functional groups: special function registers and

general purpose registers.

The special function registers include the TMR0

are used to control the I/O port conﬁguration and

prescaler options.

The general purpose registers are used for data and

control inf ormation under command of the instructions.

For the PIC16C52, PIC16C54s, PIC16CR54s,

PIC16C56s and PIC16CR56s, the register ﬁle is

composed of 7 special function registers and 25

general purpose registers (Figure 4-5).

For the PIC16C55s, the register ﬁle is composed of 8

special function registers and 24 general purpose

registers.

For the PIC16C57s and PIC16CR57s, the register ﬁle

is composed of 8 special function registers, 24 gener al

purpose registers and up to 48 additional general

purpose registers that may be addressed using a

banking scheme (Figure 4-6).

For the PIC16C58s and PIC16CR58s, the register ﬁle

is composed of 7 special function registers, 25 gener al

purpose registers and up to 48 additional general

purpose registers that may be addressed using a

banking scheme (Figure 4-7).

4.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE

The register ﬁle is accessed either directly or indirectly

through the ﬁle select register FSR (Section 4.7).

FIGURE 4-5: PIC16C52, PIC16C54s,

PIC16CR54s, PIC16C55s,

PIC16C56s, PIC16CR56s

File Address

00h

01h

02h

03h

04h

05h

06h

07h

1Fh

INDF(1)

TMR0

PCL

STATUS

FSR

PORTA

PORTB

General

Purpose

Registers

Note 1: Not a physical register. See Section 4.7

2: PIC16C55s only, others are a general

purpose register.

0Fh

10h

PORTC(2)

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 18 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 4-6: PIC16C57s/CR57s REGISTER FILE MAP

FIGURE 4-7: PIC16C58s/CR58s REGISTER FILE MAP

File Address

00h

01h

02h

03h

04h

05h

06h

07h

1Fh

INDF(1)

TMR0

PCL

STATUS

FSR

PORTA

PORTB

0Fh 10h

Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3

3Fh

30h

20h

2Fh

5Fh

50h

40h

4Fh

7Fh

70h

60h

6Fh

General

Purpose

Registers

General

Purpose

Registers

General

Purpose

Registers

General

Purpose

Registers

General

Purpose

Registers

PORTC

08h

Addresses map back to

addresses in Bank 0.

Note 1: Not a physical register. See Section 4.7

FSR<6:5> 00 01 10 11

File Address

00h

01h

02h

03h

04h

05h

06h

07h

1Fh

INDF(1)

TMR0

PCL

STATUS

FSR

PORTA

PORTB

0Fh 10h

Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3

3Fh

30h

20h

2Fh

5Fh

50h

40h

4Fh

7Fh

70h

60h

6Fh

General

Purpose

Registers

General

Purpose

Registers

General

Purpose

Registers

General

Purpose

Registers

General

Purpose

Registers

Addresses map back to

addresses in Bank 0.

Note 1: Not a physical register. See Section 4.7

FSR<6:5> 00 01 10 11

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 19

PIC16C5X

4.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS

The Special Function Registers are registers used by

the CPU and peripheral functions to control the

operation of the device (Table 4-1).

The special registers can be classiﬁed into two sets.

The special function registers associated with the

“core” functions are described in this section. Those

related to the operation of the peripheral features are

described in the section for each peripheral feature.

TABLE 4-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Value on

Power-On

Reset

Value on

MCLR and

WDT Reset

N/A TRIS I/O control registers (TRISA, TRISB, TRISC) 1111 1111 1111 1111

N/A OPTION Contains control bits to conﬁgure Timer0 and Timer0/WDT prescaler --11 1111 --11 1111

00h INDF Uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

01h TMR0 8-bit real-time clock/counter xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

02h(1) PCL Low order 8 bits of PC 1111 1111 1111 1111

03h STATUS PA2 PA1 PA0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 000q quuu

04h FSR Indirect data memory address pointer 1xxx xxxx 1uuu uuuu

05h PORTA — — — — RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 ---- xxxx ---- uuuu

06h PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

07h(2) PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

Legend: Shaded boxes = unimplemented or unused, – = unimplemented, read as '0' (if applicable)

x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = see the tables in Section 7.7 for possible values.

Note 1: The upper byte of the Program Counter is not directly accessible. See Section 4.5

for an explanation of how to access these bits.

2: File address 07h is a general purpose register on the PIC16C52, PIC16C54s, PIC16CR54s, PIC16C56s, PIC16CR56s,

PIC16C58s and PIC16CR58s.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 20 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

4.3 STATUS Register

This register contains the arithmetic status of the ALU,

the RESET status, and the page preselect bits for

program memories larger than 512 words.

The STATUS register can be the destination for any

instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS

the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is

disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to

the device logic. Fur thermore, the TO and PD bits are

not writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with

the STATUS register as destination may be different

than intended.

For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper three

bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register

as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).

It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF and

MOVWF instructions be used to alter the STATUS

DC or C bits from the STATUS register. For other

instructions, which do affect STATUS bits, see

Section 8.0, Instruction Set Summary.

FIGURE 4-8: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS:03h)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R-1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x

PA2 PA1 PA0 TO PD Z DC C R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

- n = Value at POR reset

bit7 6 5 4 3 2 1 bit0

bit 7: PA2: This bit unused at this time.

Use of the PA2 bit as a general purpose read/write bit is not recommended, since this may affect upward

compatibility with future products.

bit 6-5: PA1:PA0: Program page preselect bits (PIC16C56s/CR56s)(PIC16C57s/CR57s)(PIC16C58s/CR58s)

00 = Page 0 (000h - 1FFh) - PIC16C56s/CR56s, PIC16C57s/CR57s, PIC16C58s/CR58s

01 = Page 1 (200h - 3FFh) - PIC16C56s/CR56s, PIC16C57s/CR57s, PIC16C58s/CR58s

10 = Page 2 (400h - 5FFh) - PIC16C57s/CR57s, PIC16C58s/CR58s

11 = Page 3 (600h - 7FFh) - PIC16C57s/CR57s, PIC16C58s/CR58s

Each page is 512 words.

Using the PA1:PA0 bits as general purpose read/write bits in devices which do not use them for program

page preselect is not recommended since this may affect upward compatibility with future products.

bit 4: TO: Time-out bit

1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction

0 = A WDT time-out occurred

bit 3: PD: Power-down bit

1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction

0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction

bit 2: Z: Zero bit

1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero

0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero

bit 1: DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF and SUBWF instructions)

ADDWF

1 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred

0 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur

SUBWF

1 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur

0 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred

bit 0: C: Carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF, SUBWF and RRF, RLF instructions)

ADDWF SUBWF RRF or RLF

1 = A carry occurred 1 = A borrow did not occur Load bit with LSb or MSb, respectively

0 = A carry did not occur 0 = A borrow occurred

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 21

PIC16C5X

4.4 OPTION Register

The OPTION register is a 6-bit wide, write-only

conﬁgure the Timer0/WDT prescaler and Timer0.

By executing the OPTION instruction, the contents of

the W register will be transferred to the OPTION

FIGURE 4-9: OPTION REGISTER

U-0 U-0 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1

— — T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit

- n = Value at POR reset

bit7 6 5 4 3 2 1 bit0

bit 7-6: Unimplemented.

bit 5: T0CS: Timer0 clock source select bit

1 = Transition on T0CKI pin

0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT)

bit 4: T0SE: Timer0 source edge select bit

1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin

0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin

bit 3: PSA: Prescaler assignment bit

1 = Prescaler assigned to the WDT (not implemented on PIC16C52)

0 = Prescaler assigned to Timer0

bit 2-0: PS2:PS0: Prescaler rate select bits

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

1 : 2

1 : 4

1 : 8

1 : 16

1 : 32

1 : 64

1 : 128

1 : 256

1 : 1

1 : 2

1 : 4

1 : 8

1 : 16

1 : 32

1 : 64

1 : 128

Bit Value Timer0 Rate WDT Rate (not implemented on PIC16C52)

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 22 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

4.5 Program Counter

As a program instruction is executed, the Program

Counter (PC) will contain the address of the next

program instruction to be executed. The PC value is

increased by one every instruction cycle, unless an

instruction changes the PC.

For a GOTO instruction, bits 8:0 of the PC are provided

by the GOTO instruction word. The PC Latch (PCL) is

mapped to PC<7:0> (Figure 4-10 and Figure 4-11).

For the PIC16C56s, PIC16CR56s, PIC16C57s,

PIC16CR57s, PIC16C58s and PIC16CR58s, a page

number must be supplied as well. Bit5 and bit6 of the

STATUS register provide page information to bit9 and

bit10 of the PC (Figure 4-11 and Figure 4-12).

For a CALL instruction, or any instruction where the

PCL is the destination, bits 7:0 of the PC again are

provided by the instruction word. However, PC<8>

does not come from the instruction word, but is always

cleared (Figure 4-10 and Figure 4-11).

Instructions where the PCL is the destination, or

Modify PCL instructions, include MOVWF PC, ADDWF

PC, and BSF PC,5.

For the PIC16C56s, PIC16CR56s, PIC16C57s,

PIC16CR57s, PIC16C58s and PIC16CR58s, a page

number again must be supplied. Bit5 and bit6 of the

STATUS register provide page information to bit9 and

bit10 of the PC (Figure 4-11 and Figure 4-12).

Note: Because PC<8> is cleared in the CALL

instruction, or any Modify PCL instruction,

all subroutine calls or computed jumps are

limited to the ﬁrst 256 locations of any pro-

gram memory page (512 words long).

FIGURE 4-10: LOADING OF PC

BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS -

PIC16C52, PIC16C54s,

PIC16CR54s, PIC16C55s

FIGURE 4-11: LOADING OF PC

BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS -

PIC16C56s/PIC16CR56s

PC 8 7 0

PCL

PC 8 7 0

PCL

Reset to '0'

Instruction Word

GOTO Instruction

CALL or Modify PCL Instruction

PA1:PA0

STATUS

PC 8 7 0

PCL

910

PA1:PA0

STATUS

PC 8 7 0

PCL

910

Instruction Word

Reset to ‘0’

Instruction Word

7 0

GOTO Instruction

CALL or Modify PCL Instruction

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 23

PIC16C5X

FIGURE 4-12: LOADING OF PC

BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS -

PIC16C57s/PIC16CR57s, AND

PIC16C58s/PIC16CR58s

For the RETLW instruction, the PC is loaded with the

Top Of Stack (TOS) contents. All of the devices

covered in this data sheet have a two-level stack. The

stack has the same bit width as the device PC.

PA1:PA0

STATUS

PC 8 7 0

PCL

910

PA1:PA0

STATUS

PC 8 7 0

PCL

910

Instruction Word

Reset to ‘0’

Instruction Word

7 0

GOTO Instruction

CALL or Modify PCL Instruction

4.5.1 PAGING CONSIDERATIONS –

PIC16C56s/CR56s, PIC16C57s/CR57s AND

PIC16C58s/CR58s

If the Program Counter is pointing to the last address

of a selected memory page, when it increments it will

cause the program to contin ue in the next higher page.

However, the page preselect bits in the STATUS

CALL, or Modify PCL instruction will send the program

to the page speciﬁed by the page preselect bits (PA0

or PA1:PA0).

For example, a NOP at location 1FFh (page 0)

increments the PC to 200h (page 1). A GOTO xxx at

200h will return the program to address xxxh on page

0 (assuming that PA1:PA0 are clear).

To prevent this, the page preselect bits must be

updated under program control.

4.5.2 EFFECTS OF RESET

The Program Counter is set upon a RESET, which

means that the PC addresses the last location in the

last page i.e., the reset vector.

The STATUS register page preselect bits are cleared

upon a RESET, which means that page 0 is

pre-selected.

Therefore, upon a RESET, a GOTO instruction at the

reset vector location will automatically cause the

program to jump to page 0.

4.6 Stack

PIC16C5X devices have a 9-bit, 10-bit or 11-bit wide,

two-level hardware push/pop stack (Figure 4-2,

Figure 4-1, and Figure 4-3 respectively).

A CALL instruction will

push

the current value of stac k 1

into stack 2 and then push the current prog ram counter

value, incremented by one, into stack level 1. If more

than two sequential CALL’s are e xecuted, only the most

recent two return addresses are stored.

A RETLW instruction will

pop

the contents of stack level

1 into the program counter and then copy stack level 2

contents into level 1. If more than two sequential

RETLW’s are executed, the stack will be filled with the

address previously stored in level 2. Note that the

W register will be loaded with the literal v alue speciﬁed

in the instruction. This is particularly useful for the

implementation of data look-up tables within the

program memory.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 24 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

4.7 Indirect Data Addressing; INDF and

FSR Registers

The INDF register is not a physical register.

Addressing INDF actually addresses the register

whose address is contained in the FSR register (FSR

is a

pointer

). This is indirect addressing.

EXAMPLE 4-1: INDIRECT ADDRESSING

• Register ﬁle 05 contains the value 10h

• Register ﬁle 06 contains the value 0Ah

• Load the value 05 into the FSR register

• A read of the INDF register will return the value

of 10h

• Increment the value of the FSR register by one

(FSR = 06)

• A read of the INDR register now will return the

value of 0Ah.

Reading INDF itself indirectly (FSR = 0) will produce

00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a

no-operation (although STATUS bits may be affected).

A simple program to clear RAM locations 10h-1Fh

using indirect addressing is shown in Example 4-2.

EXAMPLE 4-2: HOW TO CLEAR RAM

USING INDIRECT

ADDRESSING

movlw 0x10 ;initialize pointer

movwf FSR ; to RAM

NEXT clrf INDF ;clear INDF register

incf FSR,F ;inc pointer

btfsc FSR,4 ;all done?

goto NEXT ;NO, clear next

CONTINUE : ;YES, continue

The FSR is either a 5-bit (PIC16C52, PIC16C54s,

PIC16CR54s, PIC16C55s), 6-bit (PIC16C56s,

PIC16CR56s), or 7-bit (PIC16C57s, PIC16CR57s,

PIC16C58s, PIC16CR58s) wide register. It is used in

conjunction with the INDF register to indirectly address

the data memory area.

The FSR<4:0> bits are used to select data memory

addresses 00h to 1Fh.

PIC16C52, PIC16C54s, PIC16CR54s, PIC16C55s:

Do not use banking. FSR<6:5> are unimplemented

and read as '1's.

PIC16C56s, PIC16CR56s: FSR<6:5> are the bank

select bits and are used to select the bank to be

addressed (00 = bank 0, 01 = bank 1, 10 = invalid, 11

= invalid).

PIC16C57s, PIC16CR57s, PIC16C58s,

PIC16CR58s: FSR<6:5> are the bank select bits and

are used to select the bank to be addressed (00 =

bank 0, 01 = bank 1, 10 = bank 2, 11 = bank 3).

FIGURE 4-13: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING

Note 1: For register map detail see Section 4.2.

bank location select

location select

bank select

Indirect Addressing

Direct Addressing

Data

Memory(1) 0Fh

10h

Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3

6(FSR)

1000 01 11

00h

1Fh 3Fh 5Fh 7Fh

(opcode) 04

(FSR)

Addresses map back

to addresses in Bank 0.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 25

PIC16C5X

5.0 I/O PORTS

As with any other register, the I/O registers can be

written and read under program control. Howe v er, read

instructions (e.g., MOVF PORTB,W) always read the I/O

pins independent of the pin’s input/output modes. On

RESET, all I/O ports are deﬁned as input (inputs are at

hi-impedance) since the I/O control registers (TRISA,

TRISB, TRISC) are all set.

5.1 PORTA

PORTA is a 4-bit I/O register. Only the low order 4 bits

are used (RA3:RA0). Bits 7-4 are unimplemented and

read as '0's.

5.2 PORTB

PORTB is an 8-bit I/O register (PORTB<7:0>).

5.3 PORTC

PORTC is an 8-bit I/O register for PIC16C55s,

PIC16C57s and PIC16CR57s.

PORTC is a general purpose register for PIC16C52,

PIC16C54s, PIC16CR54s, PIC16C56s, PIC16C58s

and PIC16CR58s.

5.4 TRIS Registers

The output driver control registers are loaded with the

contents of the W register by executing the TRIS f

instruction. A '1' from a TRIS register bit puts the

corresponding output driver in a hi-impedance mode.

A '0' puts the contents of the output data latch on the

selected pins, enabling the output buffer.

The TRIS registers are “write-only” and are set (output

drivers disabled) upon RESET.

Note: A read of the por ts reads the pins, not the

output data latches. That is, if an output

driver on a pin is enabled and driven high,

but the external system is holding it low, a

read of the por t will indicate that the pin is

low.

5.5 I/O Interfacing

The equivalent circuit for an I/O port pin is shown in

Figure 5-1. All ports may be used for both input and

output operation. For input operations these ports are

non-latching. Any input must be present until read by

an input instruction (e.g., MOVF PORTB, W). The

outputs are latched and remain unchanged until the

output latch is rewritten. To use a port pin as output,

the corresponding direction control bit (in TRISA,

TRISB) must be cleared (= 0). For use as an input, the

corresponding TRIS bit must be set. Any I/O pin can

be programmed individually as input or output.

FIGURE 5-1: EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

FOR A SINGLE I/O PIN

Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

Data

Bus

CK P

Port

TRIS ‘f’

Data

TRIS

RD Port

VSS

VDD

I/O

pin(1)

Reg

Latch

Reset

TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY OF PORT REGISTERS

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Value on

Power-On

Reset

Value on

MCLR and

WDT Reset

N/A TRIS I/O control registers (TRISA, TRISB) 1111 1111 1111 1111

05h PORTA — — — — RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 ---- xxxx ---- uuuu

06h PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

07h PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

Legend: Shaded boxes = unimplemented, read as ‘0’,

– = unimplemented, read as '0', x = unknown, u = unchanged

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 26 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

5.6 I/O Programming Considerations

5.6.1 BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS

Some instructions operate internally as read followed

by write operations. The BCF and BSF instructions, for

example, read the entire port into the CPU, execute

the bit operation and re-write the result. Caution must

be used when these instructions are applied to a por t

where one or more pins are used as input/outputs. For

example, a BSF operation on bit5 of PORTB will cause

all eight bits of POR TB to be read into the CPU, bit5 to

be set and the POR TB v alue to be written to the output

latches. If another bit of PORTB is used as a

bi-directional I/O pin (say bit0) and it is deﬁned as an

input at this time, the input signal present on the pin

itself would be read into the CPU and rewritten to the

data latch of this particular pin, overwriting the

previous content. As long as the pin stays in the input

mode, no problem occurs. However, if bit0 is switched

into output mode later on, the content of the data latch

may now be unknown.

Example 5-1 shows the effect of two sequential

read-modify-write instructions (e.g., BCF, BSF, etc.) on

an I/O port.

A pin actively outputting a high or a low should not be

driven from external devices at the same time in order

to change the le vel on this pin (“wired-or”, “wired-and”).

The resulting high output currents may damage the

chip.

EXAMPLE 5-1: READ-MODIFY-WRITE

INSTRUCTIONS ON AN

I/O PORT

;Initial PORT Settings

; PORTB<7:4> Inputs

; PORTB<3:0> Outputs

;PORTB<7:6> have external pull-ups and are

;not connected to other circuitry

;

; PORT latch PORT pins

; ---------- ----------

BCF PORTB, 7 ;01pp pppp 11pp pppp

BCF PORTB, 6 ;10pp pppp 11pp pppp

MOVLW 03Fh ;

TRIS PORTB ;10pp pppp 10pp pppp

;

;Note that the user may have expected the pin

;values to be 00pp pppp. The 2nd BCF caused

;RB7 to be latched as the pin value (High).

5.6.2 SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON I/O

PORTS

The actual write to an I/O por t happens at the end of

an instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data

must be valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle

(Figure 5-2). Therefore, care must be exercised if a

write followed by a read operation is carried out on the

same I/O port. The sequence of instructions should

allow the pin voltage to stabilize (load dependent)

before the next instruction, which causes that ﬁle to be

read into the CPU, is executed. Otherwise, the

previous state of that pin may be read into the CPU

rather than the new state. When in doubt, it is better to

separate these instructions with a NOP or another

instruction not accessing this I/O port.

FIGURE 5-2: SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION

PC PC + 1 PC + 2 PC + 3

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Instruction

fetched

RB7:RB0

MOVWF PORTB NOP

Port pin

sampled here

NOP

MOVF PORTB,W

Instruction

executed MOVWF PORTB

(Write to

PORTB)

NOP

MOVF PORTB,W

This example shows a write

to PORTB followed by a read

from PORTB.

(Read

PORTB)

Port pin

written here

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 27

PIC16C5X

6.0 TIMER0 MODULE AND

TMR0 REGISTER

The Timer0 module has the following features:

• 8-bit timer/counter register, TMR0

- Readable and writable

• 8-bit software programmable prescaler

• Internal or external clock select

- Edge select for external clock

Figure 6-1 is a simpliﬁed block diagram of the Timer0

module, while Figure 6-2 shows the electrical structure

of the Timer0 input.

Timer mode is selected by clearing the T0CS bit

(OPTION<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 module will

increment e very instruction cycle (without prescaler). If

TMR0 register is written, the increment is inhibited for

the following two cycles (Figure 6-3 and Figure 6-4).

The user can work around this by writing an adjusted

value to the TMR0 register.

Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit

(OPTION<5>). In this mode, Timer0 will increment

either on every r ising or falling edge of pin T0CKI. The

incrementing edge is determined by the source edge

select bit T0SE (OPTION<4>). Clearing the T0SE bit

selects the rising edge. Restrictions on the external

clock input are discussed in detail in Section 6.1.

The prescaler may be used by either the Timer0

module or the Watchdog Timer, but not both. The

prescaler assignment is controlled in software by the

control bit PSA (OPTION<3>). Clearing the PSA bit

will assign the prescaler to Timer0. The prescaler is

not readable or writable. When the prescaler is

assigned to the Timer0 module , prescale v alues of 1:2,

1:4,..., 1:256 are selectable. Section 6.2 details the

operation of the prescaler.

A summary of registers associated with the Timer0

module is found in Table 6-1.

FIGURE 6-1: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIGURE 6-2: ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE OF T0CKI PIN

Note 1: Bits T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2, PS1 and PS0 are located in the OPTION register.

2: The prescaler is shared with the Watchdog Timer (Figure 6-6).

T0CKI

T0SE(1)

T0CS(1)

FOSC/4

Programmable

Prescaler(2)

Sync with

Internal

Clocks TMR0 reg

PSout

(2 cycle delay)

PSout

Data bus

PSA(1)

PS2, PS1, PS0(1)

Sync

VSS

RIN

Schmitt Trigger

NInput Buffer

T0CKI

Note 1: ESD protection circuits

(1) (1)

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 28 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 6-3: TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/NO PRESCALE

FIGURE 6-4: TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/PRESCALE 1:2

TABLE 6-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Value on

Power-On

Reset

Value on

MCLR and

WDT Reset

01h TMR0 Timer0 - 8-bit real-time clock/counter xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

N/A OPTION — — T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 --11 1111 --11 1111

Legend: Shaded cells: Unimplemented bits,

- = unimplemented, x = unknown, u = unchanged,

PC-1

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

(Program

Counter)

Instruction

Fetch

Timer0

PC PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 PC+5 PC+6

T0 T0+1 T0+2 NT0 NT0 NT0 NT0+1 NT0+2

MOVWF TMR0 MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W

Write TMR0

executed Read TMR0

reads NT0 Read TMR0

reads NT0 + 1 Read TMR0

reads NT0 + 2

Instruction

Executed

PC-1

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

(Program

Counter)

Instruction

Fetch

Timer0

PC PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 PC+5 PC+6

T0 NT0+1

MOVWF TMR0 MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W MOVF TMR0,W

Write TMR0

executed Read TMR0

reads NT0 Read TMR0

reads NT0 + 1

T0+1 NT0

Instruction

Execute

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 29

PIC16C5X

6.1 Using Timer0 with an External Clock

When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it

must meet certain requirements. The external clock

requirement is due to internal phase clock (TOSC)

synchronization. Also, there is a delay in the actual

incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization.

6.1.1 EXTERNAL CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION

When no prescaler is used, the exter nal clock input is

the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization

of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is

accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the

Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks

(Figure 6-5). Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be

high f or at least 2TOSC (and a small RC dela y of 20 ns)

and low for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of

20 ns). Refer to the electrical speciﬁcation of the

desired device.

When a prescaler is used, the external clock input is

divided by the asynchronous ripple counter-type

prescaler so that the prescaler output is symmetrical.

For the external clock to meet the sampling

requirement, the ripple counter must be taken into

account. Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to have a

period of at least 4TOSC (and a small RC delay of

40 ns) divided by the prescaler value. The only

requirement on T0CKI high and low time is that they

do not violate the minimum pulse width requirement of

10 ns. Refer to parameters 40, 41 and 42 in the

electrical speciﬁcation of the desired device.

6.1.2 TIMER0 INCREMENT DELAY

Since the prescaler output is synchronized with the

internal clocks, there is a small delay from the time the

external clock edge occurs to the time the Timer0

module is actually incremented. Figure 6-5 shows the

delay from the external clock edge to the timer

incrementing.

FIGURE 6-5: TIMER0 TIMING WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK

Increment Timer0 (Q4)

External Clock Input or Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Timer0 T0 T0 + 1 T0 + 2

Small pulse

misses sampling

External Clock/Prescaler

Output After Sampling (3)

Note 1:

Delay from clock input change to Timer0 increment is 3Tosc to 7Tosc. (Duration of Q = Tosc).

Therefore, the error in measuring the interval between two edges on Timer0 input = ± 4Tosc max.

External clock if no prescaler selected, Prescaler output otherwise.

The arrows indicate the points in time where sampling occurs.

Prescaler Output (2)

(1)

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 30 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

6.2 Prescaler

An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the

Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog

Timer (WDT) (WDT postscaler not implemented on

PIC16C52), respectively (Section 6.1.2). For simplicity,

this counter is being referred to as “prescaler”

throughout this data sheet. Note that the prescaler

may be used by either the Timer0 module or the WDT,

but not both. Thus, a prescaler assignment for the

Timer0 module means that there is no prescaler for

the WDT, and vice-versa.

The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION<3:0>) determine

prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.

When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions

writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,

BSF 1,x, etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned

to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler

along with the WDT. The prescaler is neither readable

nor writable. On a RESET, the prescaler contains all

'0's.

6.2.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT

The prescaler assignment is fully under softw are control

(i.e., it can be changed “on the ﬂy” during program

execution). To avoid an unintended device RESET, the

following instruction sequence (Example 6-1) must be

executed when changing the prescaler assignment from

Timer0 to the WDT.

EXAMPLE 6-1: CHANGING PRESCALER

(TIMER0→WDT)

1.CLRWDT ;Clear WDT

2.CLRF TMR0 ;Clear TMR0 & Prescaler

3.MOVLW '00xx1111’b ;These 3 lines (5, 6, 7)

4.OPTION ; are required only if

; desired

5.CLRWDT ;PS<2:0> are 000 or 001

6.MOVLW '00xx1xxx’b ;Set Postscaler to

7.OPTION ; desired WDT rate

To change prescaler from the WDT to the Timer0

module, use the sequence shown in Example 6-2. This

sequence must be used even if the WDT is disabled. A

CLRWDT instruction should be executed before s witching

the prescaler.

EXAMPLE 6-2: CHANGING PRESCALER

(WDT→TIMER0)

CLRWDT ;Clear WDT and

;prescaler

MOVLW 'xxxx0xxx' ;Select TMR0, new

;prescale value and

;clock source

OPTION

FIGURE 6-6: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER

T0CKI

T0SE

TCY ( = Fosc/4)

Sync

Cycles TMR0 reg

8-bit Prescaler

8 - to - 1MUX

MUX

Watchdog

Timer

PSA

WDT

Time-Out

PS2:PS0

Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION register.

PSA

WDT Enable bit

Data Bus

PSA

T0CS

WDT not implemented on PIC16C52.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 31

PIC16C5X

7.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE

CPU

What sets a microcontroller apart from other

processors are special circuits that deal with the

needs of real-time applications. The PIC16C5X family

of microcontrollers has a host of such features

intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost

through elimination of external components, provide

power saving operating modes and offer code

protection. These features are:

•Oscillator selection

• Reset

• Power-On Reset (POR)

• Device Reset Timer (DRT)

• Watchdog Timer (WDT)

(not implemented on PIC16C52)

• SLEEP

• Code protection

• ID locations (not implemented on PIC16C52)

The PIC16C5X Family has a Watchdog Timer which

can be shut off only through conﬁguration bit WDTE. It

runs off of its own RC oscillator for added reliability.

There is an 18 ms delay provided by the Device Reset

Timer (DRT), intended to keep the chip in reset until

the crystal oscillator is stable. With this timer on-chip,

most applications need no external reset circuitry.

The SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low

current power-down mode. The user can wake up from

SLEEP through exter nal reset or through a Watchdog

Timer time-out. Several oscillator options are also

made available to allow the part to ﬁt the application.

The RC oscillator option saves system cost while the

LP crystal option saves power. A set of conﬁguration

bits are used to select various options.

7.1 Conﬁguration Bits

Conﬁguration bits can be programmed to select

various device conﬁgurations. Two bits are for the

selection of the oscillator type and one bit is the

Watchdog Timer enable bit. Nine bits are code

protection bits (Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2) for the

PIC16C54, PIC16CR54, PIC16C56, PIC16CR56,

PIC16C58, and PIC16CR58 devices.

QTP or ROM devices have the oscillator conﬁguration

programmed at the factory and these par ts are tested

accordingly (see "Product Identiﬁcation System"

diagrams in the back of this data sheet).

FIGURE 7-1: CONFIGURATION WORD FOR

PIC16CR54A/C54B/CR54B/C56A/CR56A/CR57B/C58B/CR58A/CR58B

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0 Register: CONFIG

Address(1): FFFh

bit11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 bit0

bit 11-3: CP: Code protection bits

1 = Code protection off

0 = Code protection on

bit 2: WDTE: Watchdog timer enable bit

1 = WDT enabled

0 = WDT disabled

bit 1-0: FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator selection bits

11 = RC oscillator

10 = HS oscillator

01 = XT oscillator

00 = LP oscillator

Note 1: Refer to the PIC16C5X Programming Speciﬁcation (Literature Number DS30190) to deter-

mine how to access the conﬁguration word.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 32 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 7-2: CONFIGURATION WORD FOR PIC16C52/C54/C54A/C55/C56/C57/C58A

— — — — — — — — CP WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0 Register: CONFIG

Address(1): FFFh

bit11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 bit0

bit 11-4: Unimplemented: Read as ’0’

bit 3: CP: Code protection bit.

1 = Code protection off

0 = Code protection on

bit 2: WDTE: Watchdog timer enable bit (not implemented on PIC16C52)

1 = WDT enabled

0 = WDT disabled

bit 1-0: FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator selection bits(2)

11 = RC oscillator

10 = HS oscillator

01 = XT oscillator

00 = LP oscillator

Note 1: Refer to the PIC16C5X Programming Speciﬁcations (Literature Number DS30190) to

determine how to access the conﬁguration word.

2: PIC16C52 supports XT and RC oscillator only.

PIC16LV54A supports XT, RC and LP oscillator only.

PIC16LV58A supports XT, RC and LP oscillator only.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 33

PIC16C5X

7.2 Oscillator Conﬁgurations

7.2.1 OSCILLATOR TYPES

PIC16C5Xs can be operated in four different oscillator

modes. The user can program two conﬁguration bits

(FOSC1:FOSC0) to select one of these four modes:

• LP: Low Power Crystal

• XT: Crystal/Resonator

• HS: High Speed Crystal/Resonator

• RC: Resistor/Capacitor

7.2.2 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / CERAMIC

RESONATORS

In XT, LP or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator

is connected to the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT

pins to establish oscillation (Figure 7-3). The

PIC16C5X oscillator design requires the use of a

parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal ma y giv e

a frequency out of the crystal manufacturers

speciﬁcations. When in XT, LP or HS modes, the

device can have an external clock source drive the

OSC1/CLKIN pin (Figure 7-4).

FIGURE 7-3: CRYSTAL OPERATION

(OR CERAMIC RESONATOR)

(HS, XT OR LP OSC

CONFIGURATION)

Note: Not all oscillator selections available for all

parts. See Section 7.1.

Note 1: See Capacitor Selection tables for

recommended values of C1 and C2.

2: A series resistor (RS) may be required f or

AT strip cut crystals.

3: RF varies with the crystal chosen (approx.

value = 10 MΩ).

C1(1)

C2(1)

XTAL

OSC2

OSC1

RF(3) SLEEP

To internal

logic

RS(2)

PIC16C5X

FIGURE 7-4: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT

OPERATION (HS, XT OR LP

OSC CONFIGURATION)

TABLE 7-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION

FOR CERAMIC RESONATORS

- PIC16C5X, PIC16CR5X

TABLE 7-2: CAPACITOR SELECTION

FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

- PIC16C5X, PIC16CR5X

Osc

Type Resonator

Freq Cap. Range

C1 Cap. Range

XT 455 kHz

2.0 MHz

4.0 MHz

22-100 pF

15-68 pF

22-100 pF

15-68 pF

HS 4.0 MHz

8.0 MHz

16.0 MHz

15-68 pF

10-68 pF

10-22 pF

15-68 pF

10-68 pF

10-22 pF

These values are for design guidance only. Since

each resonator has its own characteristics, the user

should consult the resonator manufacturer for

appropriate values of external components.

Osc

Type Resonator

Freq Cap.Range

C1 Cap. Range

LP 32 kHz(1)

100 kHz

200 kHz

15 pF

15-30 pF

15 pF

30-47 pF

15-82 pF

XT 100 kHz

200 kHz

455 kHz

1 MHz

2 MHz

4 MHz

15-30 pF

15-47 pF

200-300 pF

100-200 pF

15-100 pF

15-30 pF

15-47 pF

HS 4 MHz

8 MHz

20 MHz

15-30 pF

Note 1: For VDD > 4.5V, C1 = C2 ≈ 30 pF is

recommended.

These values are for design guidance only. Rs may

be required in HS mode as well as XT mode to a v oid

overdriving crystals with low drive lev el speciﬁ cation.

Since each crystal has its own characteristics, the

user should consult the crystal manufacturer for

appropriate values of external components.

Note: If you change from this device to

another device, please verify oscillator

characteristics in your application.

Clock from

ext. system OSC1

OSC2PIC16C5X

Open

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 34 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

7.2.3 EXTERNAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

CIRCUIT

Either a prepackaged oscillator or a simple oscillator

circuit with TTL gates can be used as an external

crystal oscillator circuit. Prepackaged oscillators

provide a wide operating range and better stability. A

well-designed crystal oscillator will provide good

performance with TTL gates. Two types of crystal

oscillator circuits can be used: one with parallel

resonance, or one with series resonance.

Figure 7-5 shows implementation of a parallel

resonant oscillator circuit. The circuit is designed to

use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The

74AS04 inverter performs the 180-degree phase shift

that a parallel oscillator requires. The 4.7 kΩ resistor

provides the negative feedback for stability. The 10 kΩ

potentiometers bias the 74AS04 in the linear region.

This circuit could be used for external oscillator

designs.

FIGURE 7-5: EXTERNAL PARALLEL

RESONANT CRYSTAL

OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT

(USING XT, HS OR LP

OSCILLATOR MODE)

This circuit is also designed to use the fundamental

frequency of the crystal. The inverter performs a

180-degree phase shift in a series resonant oscillator

circuit. The 330 Ω resistors provide the negative

feedback to bias the inverters in their linear region.

Note: If you change from this device to

another device, please verify oscillator

characteristics in your application.

20 pF

+5V

20 pF

10k 4.7k

10k

74AS04

XTAL

10k

74AS04 PIC16C5X

CLKIN

To Other

Devices

OSC2

100k

FIGURE 7-6: EXTERNAL SERIES

RESONANT CRYSTAL

OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT

(USING XT, HS OR LP

OSCILLATOR MODE)

7.2.4 RC OSCILLATOR

For timing insensitive applications, the RC device

option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator

frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the

resistor (Rext) and capacitor (Cext) values, and the

operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator

frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal

process parameter variation. Furthermore, the

difference in lead frame capacitance between pac kage

types will also affect the oscillation frequency,

especially for low Cext values. The user also needs to

take into account variation due to tolerance of exter nal

R and C components used.

Figure 7-7 shows how the R/C combination is

connected to the PIC16C5X. For Rext values below

2.2 kΩ, the oscillator operation may become unstable,

or stop completely. For very high Rext values

(e.g., 1 MΩ) the oscillator becomes sensitive to noise,

humidity and leakage. Thus, we recommend keeping

Rext between 3 kΩ and 100 kΩ.

Although the oscillator will operate with no external

capacitor (Cext = 0 pF), we recommend using values

above 20 pF for noise and stability reasons. With no or

small external capacitance, the oscillation frequency

can vary dramatically due to changes in external

capacitances, such as PCB trace capacitance or

package lead frame capacitance.

Note: If you change from this device to

another device, please verify oscillator

characteristics in your application.

330

74AS04 74AS04 PIC16C5X

CLKIN

To Other

Devices

XTAL

330

74AS04

0.1 µFOSC2

100k

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 35

PIC16C5X

The Electrical Speciﬁcations sections show RC

frequency variation from part to part due to normal

process variation.

Also, see the Electrical Speciﬁcations sections for

variation of oscillator frequency due to VDD for given

Rext/Cext values as well as frequency variation due to

operating temperature for given R, C, and V DD values.

The oscillator frequency, divided by 4, is available on

the OSC2/CLKOUT pin, and can be used for test

purposes or to synchronize other logic.

FIGURE 7-7: RC OSCILLATOR MODE

Note: If you change from this device to

another device, please verify oscillator

characteristics in your application.

VDD

Rext

Cext

VSS

OSC1 Internal

clock

OSC2/CLKOUT

Fosc/4

PIC16C5X

7.3 Reset

PIC16C5X devices may be reset in one of the

following ways:

• Power-On Reset (POR)

• MCLR reset (normal operation)

• MCLR wake-up reset (from SLEEP)

• WDT reset (normal operation)

• WDT wake-up reset (from SLEEP)

Table 7-3 shows these reset conditions for the PCL

and STATUS registers.

Some registers are not affected in any reset condition.

Their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in

any other reset. Most other registers are reset to a

“reset state” on Power-On Reset (POR), MCLR or

WDT reset. A MCLR or WDT wake-up from SLEEP

also results in a de vice reset, and not a contin uation of

operation before SLEEP.

The TO and PD bits (STATUS <4:3>) are set or

cleared depending on the different reset conditions

(Section 7.7). These bits may be used to determine

the nature of the reset.

Table 7-4 lists a full description of reset states of all

registers. Figure 7-8 shows a simpliﬁed block diagram

of the on-chip reset circuit.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 36 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 7-3: RESET CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS

TABLE 7-4: RESET CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS

FIGURE 7-8: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT

Condition PCL

Addr: 02h STATUS

Addr: 03h

Power-On Reset 1111 1111 0001 1xxx

MCLR reset (normal operation) 1111 1111 000u uuuu(1)

MCLR wake-up (from SLEEP) 1111 1111 0001 0uuu

WDT reset (normal operation) 1111 1111 0000 1uuu(2)

WDT wake-up (from SLEEP) 1111 1111 0000 0uuu

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented read as '0'.

Note 1: TO and PD bits retain their last value until one of the other reset conditions occur.

2: The CLRWDT instruction will set the TO and PD bits.

W N/A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

TRIS N/A 1111 1111 1111 1111

OPTION N/A --11 1111 --11 1111

INDF 00h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

TMR0 01h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

PCL(1) 02h 1111 1111 1111 1111

STATUS(1) 03h 0001 1xxx 000q quuu

FSR 04h 1xxx xxxx 1uuu uuuu

PORTA 05h ---- xxxx ---- uuuu

PORTB 06h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

PORTC(2) 07h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

General Purpose Register Files 07-7Fh xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as '0',

q = see tables in Section 7.7 for possible values.

Note 1: See Table 7-3 for reset value for speciﬁc conditions.

2: General purpose register ﬁle on PIC16C52/C54s/CR54s/C56s/CR56s/C58s/CR58s

8-bit Asynch

Ripple Counter

(Start-Up Timer)

S Q

VDD

MCLR/VPP pin

Power-Up

Detect

On-Chip

RC OSC

POR (Power-On Reset)

WDT Time-out

RESET

CHIP RESET

WDT

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 37

PIC16C5X

7.4 Power-On Reset (POR)

The PIC16C5X family incor porates on-chip Power-On

Reset (POR) circuitry which provides an internal chip

reset for most power-up situations. To use this feature,

the user merely ties the MCLR/VPP pin to VDD. A

simpliﬁed block diagram of the on-chip Power-On

Reset circuit is shown in Figure 7-8.

The Power-On Reset circuit and the Device Reset

Timer (Section 7.5) circuit are closely related. On

power-up, the reset latch is set and the DRT is reset.

The DRT timer begins counting once it detects MCLR

to be high. After the time-out per iod, which is typically

18 ms, it will reset the reset latch and thus end the

on-chip reset signal.

A power-up example where MCLR is not tied to VDD is

shown in Figure 7-10. VDD is allowed to rise and

stabilize before bringing MCLR high. The chip will

actually come out of reset TDRT msec after MCLR

goes high.

In Figure 7-11, the on-chip Power-On Reset feature is

being used (MCLR and VDD are tied together). The

VDD is stable before the start-up timer times out and

there is no problem in getting a proper reset. However,

Figure 7-12 depicts a problem situation where VDD

rises too slowly. The time between when the DRT

senses a high on the MCLR/VPP pin, and when the

MCLR/VPP pin (and VDD) actually reach their full value,

is too long. In this situation, when the start-up timer

times out, VDD has not reached the VDD (min) value

and the chip is, therefore, not guaranteed to function

correctly. For such situations, we recommend that

external RC circuits be used to achieve longer POR

delay times (Figure 7-9).

For more information on PIC16C5X POR, see

Power-Up Considerations

- AN522 in the Embedded

Control Handbook.

The POR circuit does not produce an internal reset

when VDD declines.

Note: When the device starts normal operation

(exits the reset condition), device operat-

ing parameters (voltage, frequency, tem-

perature, etc.) must be meet to ensure

operation. If these conditions are not met,

the device must be held in reset until the

operating conditions are met.

FIGURE 7-9: EXTERNAL POWER-ON

RESET CIRCUIT (FOR SLOW

VDD POWER-UP)

MCLR

PIC16C5X

VDDVDD

• External Power-On Reset circuit is required

only if VDD power-up is too slow. The diode D

helps discharge the capacitor quickly when

VDD powers down.

•R < 40 kΩ is recommended to make sure that

voltage drop across R does not violate the

device electrical speciﬁcation.

• R1 = 100Ω to 1 kΩ will limit any current

ﬂowing into MCLR from external capacitor C

in the event of MCLR pin breakdown due to

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical

Overstress (EOS).

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 38 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 7-10: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD)

FIGURE 7-11: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): FAST VDD RISE TIME

FIGURE 7-12: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): SLOW VDD RISE TIME

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

DRT TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

TDRT

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

DRT TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

TDRT

VDD

MCLR

INTERNAL POR

DRT TIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

TDRT

When VDD rises slowly, the TDRT time-out expires long before VDD has reached its ﬁnal value. In

this example, the chip will reset properly if, and only if, V1 ≥ VDD min

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 39

PIC16C5X

7.5 Device Reset Timer (DRT)

The Device Reset Timer (DRT) provides a ﬁxed 18 ms

nominal time-out on reset. The DRT operates on an

internal RC oscillator. The processor is kept in RESET

as long as the DRT is active. The DRT delay allows

VDD to rise above VDD min., and for the oscillator to

stabilize.

Oscillator circuits based on crystals or ceramic

resonators require a certain time after power-up to

establish a stable oscillation. The on-chip DRT keeps

the device in a RESET condition for approximately 18

ms after the voltage on the MCLR/VPP pin has

reached a logic high (VIH) level. Thus, external RC

networks connected to the MCLR input are not

required in most cases, allowing for savings in

cost-sensitive and/or space restricted applications.

The De vice Reset time dela y will vary from chip to chip

due to VDD, temperature, and process variation. See

AC parameters for details.

The DR T will also be triggered upon a W atchdog Timer

time-out. This is particularly impor tant for applications

using the WDT to wake the PIC16C5X from SLEEP

mode automatically.

7.6 Watchdog Timer (WDT) (not

implemented on PIC16C52)

The Watchdog Timer (WDT) is a free running on-chip

RC oscillator which does not require any external

components. This RC oscillator is separate from the

RC oscillator of the OSC1/CLKIN pin. That means that

the WDT will run even if the clock on the OSC1/CLKIN

and OSC2/CLKOUT pins have been stopped, for

example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction. During

normal operation or SLEEP, a WDT reset or wake-up

reset generates a device RESET.

The TO bit (STATUS<4>) will be cleared upon a

Watchdog Timer reset.

The WDT can be permanently disabled by

programming the conﬁguration bit WDTE as a '0'

(Section 7.1). Refer to the PIC16C5X Programming

Speciﬁcations (Literature Number DS30190) to

determine how to access the conﬁguration word.

7.6.1 WDT PERIOD

The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms,

(with no prescaler). If a longer time-out period is

desired, a prescaler with a division ratio of up to 1:128

can be assigned to the WDT (under software control)

by writing to the OPTION register. Thus, time-out a

period of a nominal 2.3 seconds can be realized.

These periods vary with temperature, VDD and

part-to-part process variations (see DC specs).

Under worst case conditions (VDD = Min., Temperature

= Max., max. WDT prescaler), it may take several

seconds before a WDT time-out occurs.

7.6.2 WDT PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS

The CLRWDT instruction clears the WDT and the

postscaler, if assigned to the WDT, and prevents it

from timing out and generating a device RESET.

The SLEEP instruction resets the WDT and the

postscaler, if assigned to the WDT. This gives the

maximum SLEEP time before a WDT wake-up reset.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 40 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 7-13: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM

TABLE 7-5: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WATCHDOG TIMER

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Value on

Power-On

Reset

Value on

MCLR and

WDT Reset

N/A OPTION — — T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 --11 1111 --11 1111

Legend: Shaded boxes = Not used by Watchdog Timer,

– = unimplemented, read as '0', u = unchanged

From TMR0 Clock Source

To TMR0

Postscaler

WDT Enable

EPROM Bit

PSA

WDT

Time-out

PS2:PS0

PSA

MUX

8 - to - 1 MUX

Postscaler

Watchdog

Timer

Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0

are bits in the OPTION register.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 41

PIC16C5X

7.7 Time-Out Sequence and Power Down

Status Bits (TO/PD)

The TO and PD bits in the STATUS register can be

tested to determine if a RESET condition has been

caused by a po wer-up condition, a MCLR or Watchdog

Timer (WDT) reset, or a MCLR or WDT wak e-up reset.

These STATUS bits are only affected by events listed

in Table 7-7.

Table 7-3 lists the reset conditions for the special

function registers, while Table 7-4 lists the reset

conditions for all the registers.

TABLE 7-6: TO/PD STATUS AFTER

RESET

TO PD RESET was caused by

1 1 Power-up (POR)

u u MCLR reset (normal operation)(1)

1 0 MCLR wake-up reset (from SLEEP)

0 1 WDT reset (normal operation)

0 0 WDT wake-up reset (from SLEEP)

Legend: u = unchanged

Note 1: The TO and PD bits maintain their status (u) until

a reset occurs. A low-pulse on the MCLR input

does not change the TO and PD status bits.

TABLE 7-7: EVENTS AFFECTING TO/PD

STATUS BITS

Event TO PD Remarks

Power-up 1 1

WDT Time-out 0 u No effect on PD

SLEEP instruction 1 0

CLRWDT instruction 1 1

Legend: u = unchanged

A WDT time-out will occur regardless of the status of the T O

bit. A SLEEP instruction will be executed, regardless of the

status of the PD bit. Table 7-6 reﬂects the status of TO and

PD after the corresponding event.

7.8 Reset on Brown-Out

A brown-out is a condition where device power (VDD)

dips below its minimum value , but not to z ero, and then

recov ers . The device should be reset in the event of a

brown-out.

To reset PIC16C5X devices when a brown-out occurs,

external brown-out protection circuits may be built, as

shown in Figure 7-14 and Figure 7-15.

FIGURE 7-14: BROWN-OUT PROTECTION

CIRCUIT 1

FIGURE 7-15: BROWN-OUT PROTECTION

CIRCUIT 2

This circuit will activate reset when VDD goes below Vz +

0.7V (where Vz = Zener voltage).

33k

10k

40k

VDD

MCLR

PIC16C5X

VDD

This brown-out circuit is less expensive, although

less accurate. Transistor Q1 tur ns off when VDD

is below a certain level such that:

VDD • R1

R1 + R2 = 0.7V

R2 40k

VDD

MCLR

PIC16C5X

VDD

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 42 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

7.9 Power-Down Mode (SLEEP)

A device may be powered down (SLEEP) and later

powered up (Wake-up from SLEEP).

7.9.1 SLEEP

The Power-Down mode is entered by executing a

SLEEP instruction.

If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but

keeps running, the TO bit (STATUS<4>) is set, the PD

bit (STATUS<3>) is cleared and the oscillator driver is

turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had

before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving

high, driving low, or hi-impedance).

It should be noted that a RESET generated by a WDT

time-out does not drive the MCLR/VPP pin low.

For lowest current consumption while powered down,

the T0CKI input should be at VDD or VSS and the

MCLR/VPP pin must be at a logic high level

(VIH MCLR).

7.9.2 WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP

The device can wake up from SLEEP through one of

the following events:

1. An external reset input on MCLR/VPP pin.

2. A Watchdog Timer time-out reset (if WDT was

enabled).

Both of these e v ents cause a device reset. The T O and

PD bits can be used to determine the cause of device

reset. The TO bit is cleared if a WDT time-out

occurred (and caused wake-up). The PD bit, which is

set on power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked.

The WDT is cleared when the device wakes from

sleep, regardless of the wake-up source.

7.10 Program Veriﬁcation/Code Protection

If the code protection bit(s) have not been

programmed, the on-chip program memory can be

read out for veriﬁcation purposes.

7.11 ID Locations (not implemented on

PIC16C52)

Four memor y locations are designated as ID locations

where the user can store checksum or other

code-identiﬁcation numbers. These locations are not

accessible during normal execution but are readable

and writable during program/verify.

Use only the lower 4 bits of the ID locations and

always program the upper 8 bits as '1's.

Note: Microchip does not recommend code pro-

tecting windowed devices.

Note: Microchip will assign a unique pattern

number for QTP and SQTP requests and

for ROM devices. This pattern number will

be unique and traceable to the submitted

code.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 43

PIC16C5X

8.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16C5X instruction is a 12-bit word divided into an

OPCODE, which speciﬁes the instruction type, and one or

more operands which fur ther specify the operation of the

instruction. The PIC16C5X instruction set summary in

Table 8-2 groups the instructions into byte-oriented,

bit-oriented, and literal and control operations. Table 8-1

shows the opcode ﬁeld descriptions.

F or byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a ﬁle register

designator and 'd' represents a destination designator . The

ﬁle register designator is used to specify which one of the

32 ﬁle registers is to be used by the instruction.

The destination designator speciﬁes where the result

of the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is '0', the result is

placed in the W register. If 'd' is '1', the result is placed

in the ﬁle register speciﬁed in the instruction.

For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit ﬁeld

designator which selects the number of the bit aff ected

by the oper ation, while 'f' represents the number of the

ﬁle in which the bit is located.

For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an

8 or 9-bit constant or literal value.

TABLE 8-1: OPCODE FIELD

DESCRIPTIONS

Field Description

fRegister ﬁle address (0x00 to 0x7F)

WWorking register (accumulator)

bBit address within an 8-bit ﬁle register

kLiteral ﬁeld, constant data or label

Don't care location (= 0 or 1)

The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is

the recommended form of use for compatibility

with all Microchip software tools.

Destination select;

d = 0 (store result in W)

d = 1 (store result in ﬁle register 'f')

Default is d = 1

label Label name

TOS Top of Stack

PC Program Counter

WDT Watchdog Timer Counter

TO Time-Out bit

PD Power-Down bit

dest Destination, either the W register or the speciﬁed

[ ] Options

( ) Contents

→Assigned to

< > Register bit ﬁeld

∈In the set of

talics

User deﬁned term (font is courier)

All instructions are executed within one single

instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the

program counter is changed as a result of an

instruction. In this case, the execution takes two

instruction cycles. One instruction cycle consists of

four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator frequency

of 4 MHz, the normal instruction ex ecution time is 1 µs.

If a conditional test is true or the program counter is

changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction

execution time is 2 µs.

Figure 8-1 shows the three general formats that the

instructions can have. All examples in the ﬁgure use the

following format to represent a hexadecimal number:

0xhhh

where 'h' signiﬁes a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 8-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR

INSTRUCTIONS

Byte-oriented ﬁle register operations

11 6 5 4 0

d = 0 for destination W

OPCODE d f (FILE #)

d = 1 for destination f

f = 5-bit ﬁle register address

Bit-oriented ﬁle register operations

11 8 7 5 4 0

OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #)

b = 3-bit bit address

f = 5-bit ﬁle register address

Literal and control operations (except GOTO)

11 8 7 0

OPCODE k (literal)

k = 8-bit immediate value

Literal and control operations - GOTO instruction

11 9 8 0

OPCODE k (literal)

k = 9-bit immediate value

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 44 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 8-2: INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Mnemonic,

Operands Description Cycles

12-Bit Opcode Status

Affected NotesMSb LSb

ADDWF

ANDWF

CLRF

CLRW

COMF

DECF

DECFSZ

INCF

INCFSZ

IORWF

MOVF

MOVWF

NOP

RLF

RRF

SUBWF

SWAPF

XORWF

f,d

–

f, d

–

f, d

Add W and f

AND W with f

Clear f

Clear W

Complement f

Decrement f

Decrement f, Skip if 0

Increment f

Increment f, Skip if 0

Inclusive OR W with f

Move f

Move W to f

No Operation

Rotate left f through Carry

Rotate right f through Carry

Subtract W from f

Swap f

Exclusive OR W with f

1(2)

0001

0000

0010

0000

0010

0011

0001

0010

0000

0011

0000

0011

0001

11df

01df

011f

0100

01df

11df

10df

11df

00df

001f

0000

01df

00df

10df

ffff

0000

ffff

0000

ffff

C,DC,Z

None

C,DC,Z

None

1,2,4

2,4

1,4

2,4

1,2,4

2,4

BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS

BCF

BSF

BTFSC

BTFSS

f, b

Bit Clear f

Bit Set f

Bit Test f, Skip if Clear

Bit Test f, Skip if Set

1 (2)

0100

0101

0110

0111

bbbf

ffff

None

2,4

LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS

ANDLW

CALL

CLRWDT

GOTO

IORLW

MOVLW

OPTION

RETLW

SLEEP

TRIS

XORLW

–

AND literal with W

Call subroutine

Clear Watchdog Timer

Unconditional branch

Inclusive OR Literal with W

Move Literal to W

Load OPTION register

Return, place Literal in W

Go into standby mode

Load TRIS register

Exclusive OR Literal to W

1110

1001

0000

101k

1101

1100

0000

1000

0000

1111

kkkk

0000

kkkk

0000

kkkk

0000

kkkk

0100

kkkk

0010

kkkk

0011

0fff

kkkk

None

TO, PD

None

TO, PD

None

Note 1: The 9th bit of the program counter will be f orced to a '0' by an y instruction that writes to the PC e xcept f or GOTO.

(See individual device data sheets , Memory Section/Indirect Data Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers)

2: When an I/O register is modiﬁed as a function of itself (e.g. MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that v alue

present on the pins themselves . F or example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin conﬁgured as input and is driven

low b y an external device , the data will be written back with a '0'.

3: The instruction TRIS f , where f = 5 or 6 causes the contents of the W register to be written to the tristate

latches of POR TA or B respectively. A '1' f orces the pin to a hi-impedance state and disables the output buff-

ers.

4: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared

(if assigned to TMR0).

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 45

PIC16C5X

ADDWF Add W and f

Syntax: [

label

] ADDWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) + (f) → (dest)

Status Affected: C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0001 11df ffff

Description: Add the contents of the W register and

in the W register. If 'd' is '1' the result is

stored back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: ADDWF FSR, 0

Before Instruction

W = 0x17

FSR = 0xC2

After Instruction

W = 0xD9

FSR = 0xC2

ANDLW And literal with W

Syntax: [

label

] ANDLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (W).AND. (k) → (W)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 1110 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of the W register are

AND’ed with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The

result is placed in the W register.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: ANDLW 0x5F

Before Instruction

W = 0xA3

After Instruction

W = 0x03

ANDWF AND W with f

Syntax: [

label

] ANDWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) .AND. (f) → (dest)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0001 01df ffff

Description: The contents of the W register are

AND’ed with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the

result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is

'1' the result is stored back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: ANDWF FSR, 1

Before Instruction

W = 0x17

FSR = 0xC2

After Instruction

W = 0x17

FSR = 0x02

BCF Bit Clear f

Syntax: [

label

] BCF f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

0 ≤ b ≤ 7

Operation: 0 → (f<b>)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0100 bbbf ffff

Description: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: BCF FLAG_REG, 7

Before Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0xC7

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x47

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 46 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

BSF Bit Set f

Syntax: [

label

] BSF f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

0 ≤ b ≤ 7

Operation: 1 → (f<b>)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0101 bbbf ffff

Description: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: BSF FLAG_REG, 7

Before Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x0A

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x8A

BTFSC Bit Test f, Skip if Clear

Syntax: [

label

] BTFSC f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

0 ≤ b ≤ 7

Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0110 bbbf ffff

Description: If bit 'b' in register 'f' is 0 then the next

instruction is skipped.

If bit 'b' is 0 then the next instruction

fetched during the current instruction

execution is discarded, and an NOP is

executed instead, making this a 2 cycle

instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Example: HERE

FALSE

TRUE

BTFSC

GOTO

•

FLAG,1

PROCESS_CODE

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

if FLAG<1> = 0,

PC = address (TRUE);

if FLAG<1> = 1,

PC = address(FALSE)

BTFSS Bit Test f, Skip if Set

Syntax: [

label

] BTFSS f,b

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

0 ≤ b < 7

Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0111 bbbf ffff

Description: If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1' then the next

instruction is skipped.

If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction

fetched during the current instruction

execution, is discarded and an NOP is

executed instead, making this a 2 cycle

instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Example: HERE BTFSS FLAG,1

FALSE GOTO PROCESS_CODE

TRUE •

•

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

If FLAG<1> = 0,

PC = address (FALSE);

if FLAG<1> = 1,

PC = address (TRUE)

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 47

PIC16C5X

CALL Subroutine Call

Syntax: [

label

] CALL k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (PC) + 1→ Top of Stack;

k → PC<7:0>;

(STATUS<6:5>) → PC<10:9>;

0 → PC<8>

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1001 kkkk kkkk

Description: Subroutine call. First, return address

(PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The

eight bit immediate address is loaded

into PC bits <7:0>. The upper bits

PC<10:9> are loaded from STA-

TUS<6:5>, PC<8> is cleared. CALL is

a two cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Example: HERE CALL THERE

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

PC = address (THERE)

TOS = address (HERE + 1)

CLRF Clear f

Syntax: [

label

] CLRF f

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

Operation: 00h → (f);

1 → Z

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0000 011f ffff

Description: The contents of register 'f' are cleared

and the Z bit is set.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: CLRF FLAG_REG

Before Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x5A

After Instruction

FLAG_REG = 0x00

Z = 1

CLRW Clear W

Syntax: [

label

] CLRW

Operands: None

Operation: 00h → (W);

1 → Z

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0000 0100 0000

Description: The W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z)

is set.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: CLRW

Before Instruction

W = 0x5A

After Instruction

W = 0x00

Z = 1

CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer

Syntax: [

label

] CLRWDT

Operands: None

Operation: 00h → WDT;

0 → WDT prescaler (if assigned);

1 → TO;

1 → PD

Status Affected: TO, PD

Encoding: 0000 0000 0100

Description: The CLRWDT instruction resets the

WDT. It also resets the prescaler, if the

prescaler is assigned to the WDT and

not Timer0. Status bits TO and PD are

set.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: CLRWDT

Before Instruction

WDT counter = ?

After Instruction

WDT counter = 0x00

WDT prescale = 0

TO = 1

PD = 1

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 48 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

COMF Complement f

Syntax: [

label

] COMF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) → (dest)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0010 01df ffff

Description: The contents of register 'f' are comple-

mented. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

stored back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: COMF REG1,0

Before Instruction

REG1 = 0x13

After Instruction

REG1 = 0x13

W = 0xEC

DECF Decrement f

Syntax: [

label

] DECF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – 1 → (dest)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0000 11df ffff

Description: Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the

result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is

1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: DECF CNT, 1

Before Instruction

CNT = 0x01

Z = 0

After Instruction

CNT = 0x00

Z = 1

DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0

Syntax: [

label

] DECFSZ f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – 1 → d; skip if result = 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0010 11df ffff

Description: The contents of register 'f' are decre-

mented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

If the result is 0, the next instruction,

which is already fetched, is discarded

and an NOP is executed instead mak-

ing it a two cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Example: HERE DECFSZ CNT, 1

GOTO LOOP

CONTINUE •

•

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

CNT = CNT - 1;

if CNT = 0,

PC = address (CONTINUE);

if CNT ≠0,

PC = address (HERE+1)

GOTO Unconditional Branch

Syntax: [

label

] GOTO k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 511

Operation: k → PC<8:0>;

STATUS<6:5> → PC<10:9>

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 101k kkkk kkkk

Description: GOTO is an unconditional branch. The

9-bit immediate value is loaded into PC

bits <8:0>. The upper bits of PC are

loaded from STATUS<6:5>. GOTO is a

two cycle instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Example: GOTO THERE

After Instruction

PC = address (THERE)

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 49

PIC16C5X

INCF Increment f

Syntax: [

label

] INCF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) + 1 → (dest)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0010 10df ffff

Description: The contents of register 'f' are incre-

mented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: INCF CNT, 1

Before Instruction

CNT = 0xFF

Z = 0

After Instruction

CNT = 0x00

Z = 1

INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0

Syntax: [

label

] INCFSZ f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) + 1 → (dest), skip if result = 0

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0011 11df ffff

Description: The contents of register 'f' are incre-

mented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

If the result is 0, then the next instruc-

tion, which is already fetched, is dis-

carded and an NOP is executed

instead making it a two cycle instruc-

tion.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1(2)

Example: HERE INCFSZ CNT, 1

GOTO LOOP

CONTINUE •

•

Before Instruction

PC = address (HERE)

After Instruction

CNT = CNT + 1;

if CNT = 0,

PC = address (CONTINUE);

if CNT ≠0,

PC = address (HERE +1)

IORLW Inclusive OR literal with W

Syntax: [

label

] IORLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (W) .OR. (k) → (W)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 1101 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of the W register are

OR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The

result is placed in the W register.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: IORLW 0x35

Before Instruction

W = 0x9A

After Instruction

W = 0xBF

Z = 0

IORWF Inclusive OR W with f

Syntax: [

label

] IORWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W).OR. (f) → (dest)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0001 00df ffff

Description: Inclusive OR the W register with regis-

ter 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in

the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is

placed back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: IORWF RESULT, 0

Before Instruction

RESULT = 0x13

W = 0x91

After Instruction

RESULT = 0x13

W = 0x93

Z = 0

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 50 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

MOVF Move f

Syntax: [

label

] MOVF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) → (dest)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0010 00df ffff

Description: The contents of register 'f' is moved to

destination 'd'. If 'd' is 0, destination is

the W register . If 'd' is 1, the destination

is ﬁle register 'f'. 'd' is 1 is useful to test

a ﬁle register since status ﬂag Z is

affected.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: MOVF FSR, 0

After Instruction

W = value in FSR register

MOVLW Move Literal to W

Syntax: [

label

] MOVLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: k → (W)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1100 kkkk kkkk

Description: The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into the

W register. The don’t cares will assem-

ble as 0s.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: MOVLW 0x5A

After Instruction

W = 0x5A

MOVWF Move W to f

Syntax: [

label

] MOVWF f

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

Operation: (W) → (f)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 001f ffff

Description: Move data from the W register to regis-

ter 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: MOVWF TEMP_REG

Before Instruction

TEMP_REG = 0xFF

W = 0x4F

After Instruction

TEMP_REG = 0x4F

W = 0x4F

NOP No Operation

Syntax: [

label

] NOP

Operands: None

Operation: No operation

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0000

Description: No operation.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: NOP

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 51

PIC16C5X

OPTION Load OPTION Register

Syntax: [

label

] OPTION

Operands: None

Operation: (W) → OPTION

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0010

Description: The content of the W register is loaded

into the OPTION register.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example OPTION

Before Instruction

W = 0x07

After Instruction

OPTION = 0x07

RETLW Return with Literal in W

Syntax: [

label

] RETLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: k → (W);

TOS → PC

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 1000 kkkk kkkk

Description: The W register is loaded with the eight

bit literal 'k'. The program counter is

loaded from the top of the stack (the

return address). This is a two cycle

instruction.

Words: 1

Cycles: 2

Example:

TABLE

CALL TABLE ;W contains

;table offset

;value.

• ;W now has table

• ;value.

•

ADDWF PC ;W = offset

RETLW k1 ;Begin table

RETLW k2 ;

•

RETLW kn ; End of table

Before Instruction

W = 0x07

After Instruction

W = value of k8

RLF Rotate Left f through Carry

Syntax: [

label

] RLF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: See description below

Status Affected: C

Encoding: 0011 01df ffff

Description: The contents of register 'f' are rotated

one bit to the left through the Carry

Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the

W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored

back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: RLF REG1,0

Before Instruction

REG1 = 1110 0110

C = 0

After Instruction

REG1 = 1110 0110

W = 1100 1100

C = 1

RRF Rotate Right f through Carry

Syntax: [

label

] RRF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: See description below

Status Affected: C

Encoding: 0011 00df ffff

Description: The contents of register 'f' are rotated

one bit to the right through the Carry

Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the

W register . If 'd' is 1 the result is placed

back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: RRF REG1,0

Before Instruction

REG1 = 1110 0110

C = 0

After Instruction

REG1 = 1110 0110

W = 0111 0011

C = 0

Cregister 'f'

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 52 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

SLEEP Enter SLEEP Mode

Syntax: [

label

]SLEEP

Operands: None

Operation: 00h → WDT;

0 → WDT prescaler;

1 → TO;

0 → PD

Status Affected: TO, PD

Encoding: 0000 0000 0011

Description: Time-out status bit (TO) is set. The

power down status bit (PD) is cleared.

The WDT and its prescaler are

cleared.

The processor is put into SLEEP mode

with the oscillator stopped. See sec-

tion on SLEEP for more details.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: SLEEP

SUBWF Subtract W from f

Syntax: [

label

] SUBWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f) – (W) → (dest)

Status Affected: C, DC, Z

Encoding: 0000 10df ffff

Description: Subtract (2’s complement method) the

W register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the

result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is

1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example 1:SUBWF REG1, 1

Before Instruction

REG1 = 3

W = 2

C = ?

After Instruction

REG1 = 1

W = 2

C = 1 ; result is positive

Example 2:

Before Instruction

REG1 = 2

W = 2

C = ?

After Instruction

REG1 = 0

W = 2

C = 1 ; result is zero

Example 3:

Before Instruction

REG1 = 1

W = 2

C = ?

After Instruction

REG1 = FF

W = 2

C = 0 ; result is negative

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 53

PIC16C5X

SWAPF Swap Nibbles in f

Syntax: [

label

] SWAPF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (f<3:0>) → (dest<7:4>);

(f<7:4>) → (dest<3:0>)

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0011 10df ffff

Description: The upper and lower nibb les of register

'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0 the result is

placed in W register. If 'd' is 1 the result

is placed in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example SWAPF REG1, 0

Before Instruction

REG1 = 0xA5

After Instruction

REG1 = 0xA5

W = 0X5A

TRIS Load TRIS Register

Syntax: [

label

] TRIS f

Operands: f = 5, 6 or 7

Operation: (W) → TRIS register f

Status Affected: None

Encoding: 0000 0000 0fff

Description: TRIS register 'f' (f = 5, 6, or 7) is loaded

with the contents of the W register

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example TRIS PORTA

Before Instruction

W = 0XA5

After Instruction

TRISA = 0XA5

XORLW Exclusive OR literal with W

Syntax: [

label

] XORLW k

Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255

Operation: (W) .XOR. k → (W)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 1111 kkkk kkkk

Description: The contents of the W register are

XOR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The

result is placed in the W register.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example: XORLW 0xAF

Before Instruction

W = 0xB5

After Instruction

W = 0x1A

XORWF Exclusive OR W with f

Syntax: [

label

] XORWF f,d

Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 31

d ∈ [0,1]

Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) → (dest)

Status Affected: Z

Encoding: 0001 10df ffff

Description: Exclusive OR the contents of the W

result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is

1 the result is stored back in register 'f'.

Words: 1

Cycles: 1

Example XORWF REG,1

Before Instruction

REG = 0xAF

W = 0xB5

After Instruction

REG = 0x1A

W = 0xB5

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 54 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

NOTES:

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 55

PIC16C5X

9.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT

9.1 Development Tools

The PIC16/17 microcontrollers are supported with a full

range of hardware and software development tools:

• PICMASTER/PICMASTER CE Real-Time

In-Circuit Emulator

• ICEPIC Low-Cost PIC16C5X and PIC16CXXX

In-Circuit Emulator

• PRO MATE II Universal Programmer

• PICSTART Plus Entry-Level Prototype

Programmer

• PICDEM-1 Low-Cost Demonstration Board

• PICDEM-2 Low-Cost Demonstration Board

• PICDEM-3 Low-Cost Demonstration Board

• MPASM Assembler

• MPLAB SIM Software Simulator

• MPLAB-C (C Compiler)

•Fuzzy Logic De velopment System

(

fuzzy

TECH−MP)

9.2 PICMASTER: High Performance

Universal In-Circuit Emulator with

MPLAB IDE

The PICMASTER Universal In-Circuit Emulator is

intended to provide the product development engineer

with a complete microcontroller design tool set for all

microcontrollers in the PIC12C5XX, PIC14C000,

PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX families.

PICMASTER is supplied with the MPLAB Integrated

Development Environment (IDE), which allows editing,

“make” and download, and source debugging from a

single environment.

Interchangeable target probes allow the system to be

easily reconﬁgured for emulation of different proces-

sors. The universal architecture of the PICMASTER

allows expansion to support all new Microchip micro-

controllers.

The PICMASTER Emulator System has been

designed as a real-time emulation system with

advanced features that are generally found on more

expensive development tools. The PC compatible 386

(and higher) machine platf orm and Microsoft Windows

3.x environment were chosen to best make these fea-

tures available to you, the end user.

A CE compliant version of PICMASTER is a vailab le f or

European Union (EU) countries.

9.3 ICEPIC: Low-Cost PIC16CXXX

In-Circuit Emulator

ICEPIC is a low-cost in-circuit emulator solution for the

Microchip PIC16C5X and PIC16CXXX families of 8-bit

OTP microcontrollers.

ICEPIC is designed to operate on PC-compatible

machines ranging from 286-AT through Pentium

based machines under Windows 3.x environment.

ICEPIC features real time, non-intrusive emulation.

9.4 PRO MATE II: Universal Programmer

The PRO MATE II Universal Programmer is a full-fea-

tured programmer capable of operating in stand-alone

mode as well as PC-hosted mode.

The PRO MATE II has programmable VDD and VPP

supplies which allows it to verify programmed memory

at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has

an LCD display for displaying error messages, keys to

enter commands and a modular detachable socket

assembly to support various package types. In stand-

alone mode the PRO MATE II can read, verify or pro-

gram PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX, PIC17CXX and

PIC14000 devices. It can also set conﬁguration and

code-protect bits in this mode.

9.5 PICSTART Plus Entry Level

Development System

The PICSTART programmer is an easy-to-use, low-

cost prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via

one of the COM (RS-232) ports. MPLAB Integrated

Development Environment software makes using the

programmer simple and efﬁcient. PICSTART Plus is

not recommended for production programming.

PICSTART Plus supports all PIC12C5XX, PIC14000,

PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX and PIC17CXX devices with

up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices such as the

PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 ma y be supported with an

adapter socket.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 56 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

9.6 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PIC16/17

Demonstration Board

The PICDEM-1 is a simple board which demonstrates

the capabilities of several of Microchip’s microcontrol-

lers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X

(PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X,

PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and

PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is

included to run basic demo programs. The users can

program the sample microcontrollers provided with

the PICDEM-1 board, on a PRO MATE II or

PICSTART-Plus programmer, and easily test ﬁrm-

ware. The user can also connect the PICDEM-1

board to the PICMASTER emulator and download

the ﬁrmware to the emulator f or testing. Additional pro-

totype area is available for the user to build some addi-

tional hardware and connect it to the microcontroller

socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232

interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input,

push-button switches and eight LEDs connected to

PORTB.

9.7 PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX

Demonstration Board

The PICDEM-2 is a simple demonstration board that

supports the PIC16C62, PIC16C64, PIC16C65,

PIC16C73 and PIC16C74 microcontrollers. All the

necessary hardware and software is included to

run the basic demonstration programs. The user

can program the sample microcontrollers provided

with the PICDEM-2 board, on a PRO MATE II pro-

grammer or PICSTART-Plus, and easily test ﬁrmware .

The PICMASTER emulator may also be used with the

PICDEM-2 board to test ﬁrmware. Additional prototype

area has been provided to the user for adding addi-

tional hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller

socket(s). Some of the features include a RS-232 inter-

face, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simu-

lated analog input, a Serial EEPROM to demonstrate

usage of the I2C bus and separ ate headers f or connec-

tion to an LCD module and a keypad.

9.8 PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX

Demonstration Board

The PICDEM-3 is a simple demonstration board that

supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC

package. It will also support future 44-pin PLCC

microcontrollers with a LCD Module. All the neces-

sary hardware and software is included to run the

basic demonstration programs. The user can pro-

gram the sample microcontrollers provided with

the PICDEM-3 board, on a PRO MATE II program-

mer or PICSTART Plus with an adapter socket, and

easily test ﬁrmware. The PICMASTER emulator may

also be used with the PICDEM-3 board to test ﬁrm-

ware. Additional prototype area has been provided to

the user for adding hardware and connecting it to the

microcontroller sock et(s). Some of the f eatures include

an RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potenti-

ometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor and

separate headers for connection to an external LCD

module and a ke ypad. Also provided on the PICDEM-3

board is an LCD panel, with 4 commons and 12 seg-

ments, that is capable of displaying time, temperature

and da y of the w eek. The PICDEM-3 provides an addi-

tional RS-232 interface and Windows 3.1 software for

showing the demultiple xed LCD signals on a PC . A sim-

ple serial interface allows the user to construct a hard-

ware demultiplexer for the LCD signals.

9.9 MPLAB Integrated Development

Environment Software

The MPLAB IDE Software brings an ease of software

development previously unseen in the 8-bit microcon-

troller market. MPLAB is a windows based application

which contains:

• A full featured editor

• Three operating modes

- editor

- emulator

- simulator

• A project manager

• Customizable tool bar and key mapping

• A status bar with project information

• Extensive on-line help

MPLAB allows you to:

• Edit your source ﬁles (either assembly or ‘C’)

• One touch assemble (or compile) and download

to PIC16/17 tools (automatically updates all

project information)

• Debug using:

- source ﬁles

- absolute listing ﬁle

• Transfer data dynamically via DDE (soon to be

replaced by OLE)

• Run up to four emulators on the same PC

The ability to use MPLAB with Microchip’s simulator

allows a consistent platform and the ability to easily

switch from the low cost simulator to the full featured

emulator with minimal retraining due to development

tools.

9.10 Assembler (MPASM)

The MPASM Universal Macro Assembler is a PC-

hosted symbolic assembler. It supports all microcon-

troller series including the PIC12C5XX, PIC14000,

PIC16C5X, PIC16CXXX, and PIC17CXX families.

MPASM offers full featured Macro capabilities, condi-

tional assembly, and se veral source and listing f ormats.

It generates various object code formats to support

Microchip's development tools as well as third party

programmers.

MPASM allows full symbolic debugging from

PICMASTER, Microchip’s Universal Emulator

System.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 57

PIC16C5X

MPASM has the f ollowing features to assist in dev elop-

ing software for speciﬁc use applications.

• Provides translation of Assembler source code to

object code for all Microchip microcontrollers.

• Macro assembly capability.

• Produces all the ﬁles (Object, Listing, Symbol,

and special) required for symbolic debug with

Microchip’s emulator systems.

• Supports Hex (def ault), Decimal and Octal source

and listing formats.

MPASM provides a rich directive language to support

programming of the PIC16/17. Directives are helpful in

making the development of y our assemble source code

shorter and more maintainable.

9.11 Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM)

The MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator allows code

development in a PC host environment. It allows the

user to simulate the PIC16/17 series microcontrollers

on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the

user may examine or modify any of the data areas or

provide external stimulus to any of the pins. The input/

output radix can be set by the user and the execution

can be perf ormed in; single step, e xecute until break, or

in a trace mode.

MPLAB-SIM fully supports symbolic debugging using

MPLAB-C and MPASM. The Software Simulator offers

the low cost ﬂexibility to develop and debug code out-

side of the laboratory environment making it an excel-

lent multi-project software development tool.

9.12 C Compiler (MPLAB-C)

The MPLAB-C Code Development System is a

complete ‘C’ compiler and integrated development

environment for Microchip’s PIC16/17 family of micro-

controllers. The compiler provides powerful integration

capabilities and ease of use not found with other

compilers.

For easier source level debugging, the compiler pro-

vides symbol information that is compatible with the

MPLAB IDE memory display.

9.13 Fuzzy Logic Development System

(

fuzzy

TECH-MP)

fuzzy

TECH-MP fuzzy logic development tool is avail-

able in two versions - a low cost introductory version,

MP Explorer, for designers to gain a comprehensive

working knowledge of fuzzy logic system design; and a

full-featured version,

fuzzy

TECH-MP, edition for imple-

menting more complex systems.

Both versions include Microchip’s

fuzzy

LAB demon-

stration board f or hands-on experience with fuzzy logic

systems implementation.

9.14 MP-DriveWay – Application Code

Generator

MP-DriveWay is an easy-to-use Windo ws-based Appli-

cation Code Generator. With MP-DriveWay you can

visually conﬁgure all the peripherals in a PIC16/17

device and, with a click of the mouse, generate all the

initialization and many functional code modules in C

language. The output is fully compatible with Micro-

chip’s MPLAB-C C compiler. The code produced is

highly modular and allows easy integ ration of y our own

code. MP-DriveWay is intelligent enough to maintain

your code through subsequent code generation.

9.15 SEEVAL Evaluation and

Programming System

The SEEVAL SEEPROM Designer’s Kit supports all

Microchip 2-wire and 3-wire Serial EEPROMs. The kit

includes everything necessar y to read, write, erase or

program special features of any Microchip SEEPROM

product including Smart Serials and secure serials.

The Total Endurance Disk is included to aid in trade-

off analysis and reliability calculations. The total kit can

signiﬁcantly reduce time-to-market and result in an

optimized system.

9.16 KEELOQ Evaluation and

Programming Tools

KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools support

Microchips HCS Secure Data Products. The HCS ev al-

uation kit includes an LCD display to show changing

codes, a decoder to decode transmissions, and a pro-

gramming interface to program test transmitters.

PIC16C5X

DS30453A-page 58 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 9-1: DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP

PIC12C5XX PIC14000 PIC16C5X PIC16CXXX PIC16C6X PIC16C7XX PIC16C8X PIC16C9XX PIC17C4X PIC17C75X 24CXX

25CXX

93CXX

HCS200

HCS300

HCS301

Emulator Products

PICMASTER/

PICMASTER-CE

In-Circuit Emulator ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Available

3Q97

ICEPIC Low-Cost

In-Circuit Emulator ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Software Tools

MPLAB

Integrated

Development

Environment ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

MPLAB C

Compiler ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

fuzzy

TECH-MP

Explorer/Edition

Fuzzy Logic

Dev. Tool ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

MP-DriveWay

Applications

Code Generator ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Total Endurance

Software Model ✔

Programmers

PICSTART

Lite Ultra Low-Cost

Dev. Kit ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

PICSTART

Plus Low-Cost

Universal Dev. Kit ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

PRO MATE II

Universal

Programmer ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

KEELOQ

Programmer ✔

Demo Boards

SEEVAL

Designers Kit ✔

PICDEM-1 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

PICDEM-2 ✔ ✔

PICDEM-3 ✔

KEELOQ

Evaluation Kit ✔

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 59

PIC16C52 PIC16C5X

10.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16C52

Absolute Maximum Ratings†

Ambient Temperature under bias...........................................................................................................–55°C to +125°C

Storage Temperature..............................................................................................................................–65°C to +150°C

Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ..............................................................................................................0 V to +7.5 V

Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS............................................................................................................0 V to +14 V

Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ................................................................................–0.6 V to (VDD + 0.6 V)

Total Power Dissipation(1).....................................................................................................................................800 mW

Max. Current out of VSS pin...................................................................................................................................150 mA

Max. Current into VDD pin........................................................................................................................................50 mA

Max. Current into an input pin (T0CKI only).....................................................................................................................±500 µA

Input Clamp Current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)....................................................................................................................±20 mA

Output Clamp Current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD)............................................................................................................±20 mA

Max. Output Current sunk by any I/O pin................................................................................................................10 mA

Max. Output Current sourced by any I/O pin...........................................................................................................10 mA

Max. Output Current sourced by a single I/O port (PORTA or B)............................................................................10 mA

Max. Output Current sunk by a single I/O port (PORTA or B).................................................................................10 mA

Note 1: Power Dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD – ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD – VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOL x IOL)

†NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This

is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated

in the operation listings of this speciﬁcation is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended

periods may affect device reliability.

PIC16C5X PIC16C52

DS30453A-page 60 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

10.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16C52-04 (Commercial)

PIC16C52-04I (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage VDD 3.0 6.25 V FOSC = DC to 4 MHz

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP Mode

Supply Current(3,4) IDD 1.8 3.3 mA FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5 V

Power Down Current(5)

Commercial

Industrial

IPD 0.6

0.6 9

12 µA

µAVDD = 3.0 V

VDD = 3.0 V

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C . This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: For RC option, does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by

the formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 61

PIC16C52 PIC16C5X

10.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16C52-04 (Commercial)

PIC16C52-04I (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

All Pins Except

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1.

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Input Low Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

VIL VSS

VSS

0.2 VDD

0.15 VDD

0.3 VDD

Pin at hi-impedance

RC(4) option only

XT option

Input High Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

VIH 0.45 VDD

2.0

0.36 VDD

0.85 VDD

0.7 VDD

VDD

For all VDD(5)

4.0 V < VDD ≤ 5.5 V(5)

VDD > 5.5 V

RC(4) option only

XT option

Hysteresis of Schmitt

Trigger inputs VHYS 0.15VDD* V

Input Leakage Current(2,3)

I/O ports

MCLR

T0CKI

OSC1

IIL –1

–5

–3

0.5

µA

For VDD ≤ 5.5 V

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

Pin at hi-impedance

VPIN = VSS + 0.25 V

VPIN = VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

XT option

Output Low Voltage

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOL 0.6

0.6 V

VIOL = 2.0 mA, VDD = 4.5 V

IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5 V,

RC option

Output High Voltage

I/O ports(3)

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOH VDD – 0.7

VDD – 0.7 V

VIOH = –2.0 mA, VDD = 4.5 V

IOH = –1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5 V,

RC option

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is for design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The speciﬁed

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltage.

3: Negative current is deﬁned as coming out of the pin.

4: For RC option, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16C52 be

driven with external clock in RC mode.

5: The user may use the better of the two speciﬁcations.

PIC16C5X PIC16C52

DS30453A-page 62 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

10.3 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions

The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS

2. TppS

TF Frequency T Time

Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings:

2 to mc MCLR

ck CLKOUT osc oscillator

cy cycle time os OSC1

drt device reset timer t0 T0CKI

io I/O port

Uppercase letters and their meanings:

SF Fall P Period

H High R Rise

I Invalid (Hi-impedance) V Valid

L Low Z Hi-impedance

FIGURE 10-1: LOAD CONDITIONS - PIC16C52

VSS

Pin CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2

15 pF for OSC2 in XT mode when

external clock is used to

drive OSC1

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 63

PIC16C52 PIC16C5X

10.4 Timing Diagrams and Speciﬁcations

FIGURE 10-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING - PIC16C52

TABLE 10-1: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C52

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

FOSC External CLKIN Frequency(2) DC — 4 MHz XT osc mode

Oscillator Frequency(2) DC — 4 MHz RC osc mode

0.1 — 4 MHz XT osc mode

1 TOSC External CLKIN Period(2) 250 — — ns RC osc mode

250 — — ns XT osc mode

Oscillator Period(2) 250 — — ns RC osc mode

250 — 10,000 ns XT osc mode

2 TCY Instruction Cycle Time(3) — 4/FOSC — —

3 TosL, TosH Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time 85* — — ns XT oscillator

4 TosR, TosF Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time — — 25* ns XT oscillator

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: All speciﬁed values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating condi-

tions with the device executing code. Exceeding these speciﬁed limits may result in an unstab le oscillator oper ation and/or

higher than expected current consumption.

When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.

OSC1

CLKOUT

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

1 3 3 4 4

PIC16C5X PIC16C52

DS30453A-page 64 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 10-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING - PIC16C52

TABLE 10-2: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C52

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units

10 TosH2ckL OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↓(2) — 15 30** ns

11 TosH2ckH OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↑(2) — 15 30** ns

12 TckR CLKOUT rise time(2) — 5 15** ns

13 TckF CLKOUT fall time(2) — 5 15** ns

14 TckL2ioV CLKOUT↓ to Port out valid(2) — — 40** ns

15 TioV2ckH Port in valid before CLKOUT↑(2) 0.25 TCY+30* — — ns

16 TckH2ioI Port in hold after CLKOUT↑(2) 0* — — ns

17 TosH2ioV OSC1↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid(3) — — 100* ns

18 TosH2ioI OSC1↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid

(I/O in hold time) TBD — — ns

19 TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1↑

(I/O in setup time) TBD — — ns

20 TioR Port output rise time(3) — 10 25** ns

21 TioF Port output fall time(3) — 10 25** ns

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

** These parameters are design targets and are not tested. No characterization data available at this time.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: Measurements are taken in RC Mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.

3: See Figure 10-1 for loading conditions.

OSC1

CLKOUT

I/O Pin

(input)

I/O Pin

(output)

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

13 14

20, 21

12 16

Old Value New Value

Note: All tests must be done with speciﬁed capacitive loads (see data sheet) 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 65

PIC16C52 PIC16C5X

FIGURE 10-4: RESET AND DEVICE RESET TIMER TIMING - PIC16C52

TABLE 10-3: RESET AND DEVICE RESET TIMER - PIC16C52

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

30 TmcL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 100* — — ns VDD = 5 V

32 TDRT Device Reset Timer Period 9* 18* 30* ms VDD = 5 V (Commercial)

34 TioZ I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low — — 100* ns

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design

guidance only and are not tested.

VDD

MCLR

Internal

POR

DRT

Time-out

Internal

RESET

I/O pin

32 32

(Note 1)

Note 1: I/O pins must be taken out of hi-impedance mode by enabling the output drivers in software.

PIC16C5X PIC16C52

DS30453A-page 66 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 10-5: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS - PIC16C52

TABLE 10-4: TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C52

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 10.1.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

40 Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width - No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20* — — ns

- With Prescaler 10* — — ns

41 Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width - No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20* — — ns

- With Prescaler 10* — — ns

42 Tt0P T0CKI Period 20 or TCY + 40*

N — — ns Whichever is greater.

N = Prescale Value

(1, 2, 4,..., 256)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

T0CKI

40 41

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 67

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

11.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16C54/55/56/57

Absolute Maximum Ratings†

Ambient Temperature under bias...........................................................................................................–55°C to +125°C

Storage Temperature..............................................................................................................................–65°C to +150°C

Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ...............................................................................................................0V to +7.5V

Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS(2).........................................................................................................0V to +14V

Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ................................................................................. –0.6V to (VDD + 0.6V)

Total Power Dissipation(1).....................................................................................................................................800 mW

Max. Current out of VSS pin...................................................................................................................................150 mA

Max. Current into VDD pin......................................................................................................................................100 mA

Max. Current into an input pin (T0CKI only).....................................................................................................................±500 µA

Input Clamp Current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)....................................................................................................................±20 mA

Output Clamp Current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD)............................................................................................................±20 mA

Max. Output Current sunk by any I/O pin................................................................................................................25 mA

Max. Output Current sourced by any I/O pin...........................................................................................................20 mA

Max. Output Current sourced by a single I/O port (PORTA, B or C).......................................................................40 mA

Max. Output Current sunk by a single I/O port (PORTA, B or C) ............................................................................50 mA

Note 1: Power Dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD – ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD – VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOL x IOL)

Note 2: Voltage spikes belo w VSS at the MCLR pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA, ma y cause latch-up. Thus ,

a series resistor of 50 to 100 Ω should be used when applying a “lo w” le v el to the MCLR pin r ather than pull-

ing this pin directly to VSS

†NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This

is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated

in the operation listings of this speciﬁcation is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended

periods may affect device reliability.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 68 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 11-1: CROSS REFERENCE OF DEVICE SPECS FOR OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATIONS

(RC, XT & 10) AND FREQUENCIES OF OPERATION (COMMERCIAL DEVICES)

TABLE 11-2: CROSS REFERENCE OF DEVICE SPECS FOR OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATIONS

(HS, LP & JW) AND FREQUENCIES OF OPERATION (COMMERCIAL DEVICES)

OSC PIC16C5X-RC PIC16C5X-XT PIC16C5X-10

VDD: 3.0 V to 6.25 V

IDD: 3.3 mA max. at 5. V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0 V, WDT dis

Freq: 4 MHz max.

N/A N/A

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 1.8 mA typ. at 5.5V

IPD: 0.6 µA typ. at 3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 3.3 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 4 MHz max.

N/A

HS N/A N/A

VDD: 4.5V to 5.5V

IDD: 10 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 10 MHz max.

VDD: 2.5V to 6.25V

IDD: 15 µA typ. at 3.0V

IPD: 0.6 µA typ. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 40 kHz max.

VDD: 2.5V to 6.25V

IDD: 15 µA typ. at 3.0V

IPD: 0.6 µA typ. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 40 kHz max.

VDD: 2.5V to 6.25V

IDD: 15 µA typ. at 3.0V

IPD: 0.6 µA typ. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 40 kHz max.

The shaded sections indicate oscillator selections which should work by design, b ut are not tested. It is recommended

that the user select the device type from information in unshaded sections.

OSC PIC16C5X-HS PIC16C5X-LP PIC16C5X/JW

RC N/A N/A

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 3.3 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 4 MHz max.

XT N/A N/A

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 3.3 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 4.5V to 5.5V

IDD: 20 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 20 MHz max.

N/A

VDD: 4.5V to 5.5V

IDD: 20 mA max. at 5.5V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 20 MHz max.

VDD: 2.5V to 6.25V

IDD: 15 µA typ. at 3.0V

IPD: 0.6 µA typ. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 40 kHz max.

VDD: 2.5V to 6.25V

IDD: 32 µA max. at 32 kHz, 3.0V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 40 kHz max.

VDD: 2.5V to 6.25V

IDD: 32 µA max. at 32 kHz, 3.0V

IPD: 9 µA max. at 3.0V, WDT dis

Freq: 40 kHz max.

The shaded sections indicate oscillator selections which should work by design, b ut are not tested. It is recommended

that the user select the device type from information in unshaded sections.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 69

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

11.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16C5X-RC, XT, 10, HS, LP (Commercial)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

PIC16C5X-RC

PIC16C5X-XT

PIC16C5X-10

PIC16C5X-HS

PIC16C5X-LP

VDD 3.0

3.0

4.5

2.5

6.25

5.5

6.25

FOSC = DC to 4 MHz

FOSC = DC to 10 MHz

FOSC = DC to 20 MHz

FOSC = DC to 40 kHz

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP Mode

VDD Start Voltage to ensure

Power-On Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-On Reset

VDD Rise Rate to ensure

Power-On Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-On Reset

Supply Current(3)

PIC16C5X-RC(4)

PIC16C5X-XT

PIC16C5X-10

PIC16C5X-HS

PIC16C5X-LP

IDD 1.8

1.8

4.8

9.0

3.3

µA

FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V,

WDT disabled

Power Down Current(5) IPD 4.0

0.6 12

9µA

µAVDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled

VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C . This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 70 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

11.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16C5X-RCI, XTI, 10I, HSI, LPI (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

PIC16C5X-RCI

PIC16C5X-XTI

PIC16C5X-10I

PIC16C5X-HSI

PIC16C5X-LPI

VDD 3.0

3.0

4.5

2.5

6.25

5.5

6.25

FOSC = DC to 4 MHz

FOSC = DC to 10 MHz

FOSC = DC to 20 MHz

FOSC = DC to 40 kHz

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD Start Voltage to ensure

Power-On Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-On Reset

VDD Rise Rate to ensure

Power-On Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-On Reset

Supply Current(3)

PIC16C5X-RCI(4)

PIC16C5X-XTI

PIC16C5X-10I

PIC16C5X-HSI

PIC16C5X-LPI

IDD 1.8

1.8

4.8

9.0

3.3

µA

FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V,

WDT disabled

Power Down Current(5) IPD 4.0

0.6 14

12 µA

µAVDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled

VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C . This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 71

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

11.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16C5X-RCE, XTE, 10E, HSE, LPE (Extended)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C

Characteristic Sym Min Typ (1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

PIC16C5X-RCE

PIC16C5X-XTE

PIC16C5X-10E

PIC16C5X-HSE

PIC16C5X-LPE

VDD 3.25

3.25

4.5

2.5

6.0

5.5

6.0

FOSC = DC to 4 MHz

FOSC = DC to 10 MHz

FOSC = DC to 16 MHz

FOSC = DC to 40 kHz

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD Start Voltage to ensure

Power-On Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-On Reset

VDD rise rate to ensure

Power-On Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-On Reset

Supply Current(3)

PIC16C5X-RCE(4)

PIC16C5X-XTE

PIC16C5X-10E

PIC16C5X-HSE

PIC16C5X-LPE

IDD 1.8

1.8

4.8

9.0

3.3

µA

FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 16 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.25V,

WDT disabled

Power Down Current(5) IPD 5.0

0.8 22

18 µA

µAVDD = 3.25V, WDT enabled

VDD = 3.25V, WDT disabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C . This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 72 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

11.4 DC Characteristics: PIC16C5X-RC, XT, 10, HS, LP (Commercial)

PIC16C5X-RCI, XTI, 10I, HSI, LPI (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

All Pins Except

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 11.1, Section 11.2 and

Section 11.3.

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Input Low Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

VIL VSS

VSS

0.2 VDD

0.15 VDD

0.3 VDD

Pin at hi-impedance

PIC16C5X-RC only(4)

PIC16C5X-XT, 10, HS, LP

Input High Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

VIH 0.45 VDD

2.0

0.36 VDD

0.85 VDD

0.7 VDD

VDD

For all VDD(5)

4.0V < VDD ≤ 5.5V(5)

VDD > 5.5V

PIC16C5X-RC only(4)

PIC16C5X-XT, 10, HS, LP

Hysteresis of Schmitt

Trigger inputs VHYS 0.15VDD* V

Input Leakage Current(2,3)

I/O ports

MCLR

T0CKI

OSC1

IIL –1

–5

–3

0.5

µA

For VDD ≤ 5.5V

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

Pin at hi-impedance

VPIN = VSS + 0.25V

VPIN = VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

PIC16C5X-XT, 10, HS, LP

Output Low Voltage

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOL 0.6

0.6 V

VIOL = 8.7 mA, VDD = 4.5V

IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

PIC16C5X-RC

Output High Voltage

I/O ports(3)

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOH VDD – 0.7

VDD – 0.7 V

VIOH = –5.4 mA, VDD = 4.5V

IOH = –1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

PIC16C5X-RC

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is for design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The speciﬁed

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltage.

3: Negative current is deﬁned as coming out of the pin.

4: For PIC16C5X-RC devices, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the

PIC16C5X be driven with external clock in RC mode.

5: The user may use the better of the two speciﬁcations.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 73

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

11.5 DC Characteristics: PIC16C5X-RC, XT, 10, HS, LP (Extended)

DC Characteristics

All Pins Except

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C

Operating Voltage VDD range is descr ibed in Section 11.1, Section 11.2 and

Section 11.3.

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Input Low Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

VIL Vss

Vss

0.15 VDD

0.3 VDD

Pin at hi-impedance

PIC16C5X-RC only(4)

PIC16C5X-XT, 10, HS, LP

Input High Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

VIH 0.45 VDD

2.0

0.36 VDD

0.85 VDD

0.7 VDD

VDD

For all VDD(5)

4.0V < VDD ≤ 5.5V(5)

VDD > 5.5 V

PIC16C5X-RC only(4)

PIC16C5X-XT, 10, HS, LP

Hysteresis of Schmitt

Trigger inputs VHYS 0.15VDD* V

Input Leakage Current (2,3)

I/O ports

MCLR

T0CKI

OSC1

IIL –1

–5

–3

0.5

µA

For VDD ≤ 5.5 V

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

Pin at hi-impedance

VPIN = VSS + 0.25V

VPIN = VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

PIC16C5X-XT, 10, HS, LP

Output Low Voltage

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOL 0.6

0.6 V

VIOL = 8.7 mA, VDD = 4.5V

IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

PIC16C5X-RC

Output High Voltage

I/O ports(3)

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOH VDD – 0.7

VDD – 0.7 V

VIOH = –5.4 mA, VDD = 4.5V

IOH = –1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

PIC16C5X-RC

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The speciﬁed

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltage.

3: Negative current is deﬁned as coming out of the pin.

4: For PIC16C5X-RC devices, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the

PIC16C5X be driven with external clock in RC mode.

5: The user may use the better of the two speciﬁcations.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 74 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

11.6 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions

The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS

2. TppS

TF Frequency T Time

Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings:

2 to mc MCLR

ck CLKOUT osc oscillator

cy cycle time os OSC1

drt device reset timer t0 T0CKI

io I/O port wdt watchdog timer

Uppercase letters and their meanings:

SF Fall P Period

H High R Rise

I Invalid (Hi-impedance) V Valid

L Low Z Hi-impedance

FIGURE 11-1: LOAD CONDITIONS - PIC16C54/55/56/57

VSS

Pin CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2

15 pF for OSC2 in XT, HS or LP

modes when external clock

is used to drive OSC1

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 75

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

11.7 Timing Diagrams and Speciﬁcations

FIGURE 11-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING - PIC16C54/55/56/57

TABLE 11-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C54/55/56/57

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 11.1, Section 11.2 and Section 11.3

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

FOSC External CLKIN Frequency(2) DC — 4 MHz XT osc mode

DC — 10 MHz 10 MHz mode

DC — 20 MHz HS osc mode (Com/Indust)

DC — 16 MHz HS osc mode (Extended)

DC — 40 kHz LP osc mode

Oscillator Frequency(2) DC — 4 MHz RC osc mode

0.1 — 4 MHz XT osc mode

4 — 10 MHz 10 MHz mode

4 — 20 MHz HS osc mode (Com/Indust)

4 — 16 MHz HS osc mode (Extended)

DC — 40 kHz LP osc mode

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: All speciﬁed values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating

conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these speciﬁed limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation

and/or higher than expected current consumption.

When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.

OSC1

CLKOUT

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

1 3 3 4 4

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 76 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

1 TOSC External CLKIN Period(2) 250 — — ns XT osc mode

100 — — ns 10 MHz mode

50 — — ns HS osc mode (Com/Indust)

62.5 — — ns HS osc mode (Extended)

25 — — µs LP osc mode

Oscillator Period(2) 250 — — ns RC osc mode

250 — 10,000 ns XT osc mode

100 — 250 ns 10 MHz mode

50 — 250 ns HS osc mode (Com/Indust)

62.5 — 250 ns HS osc mode (Extended)

25 — — µs LP osc mode

2 TCY Instruction Cycle Time(3) — 4/FOSC — —

3 TosL, TosH Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time 85* — — ns XT oscillator

20* — — ns HS oscillator

2* — — µs LP oscillator

4 TosR, TosF Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time — — 25* ns XT oscillator

— — 25* ns HS oscillator

— — 50* ns LP oscillator

TABLE 11-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C54/55/56/57 (CON’T)

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 11.1, Section 11.2 and Section 11.3

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: All speciﬁed values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating

conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these speciﬁed limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation

and/or higher than expected current consumption.

When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 77

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

FIGURE 11-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING - PIC16C54/55/56/57

TABLE 11-4: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C54/55/56/57

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 11.1, Section 11.2 and

Section 11.3

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units

10 TosH2ckL OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↓(2) — 15 30** ns

11 TosH2ckH OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↑(2) — 15 30** ns

12 TckR CLKOUT rise time(2) — 5 15** ns

13 TckF CLKOUT fall time(2) — 5 15** ns

14 TckL2ioV CLKOUT↓ to Port out valid(2) — — 40** ns

15 TioV2ckH Port in valid before CLKOUT↑(2) 0.25 TCY+30* — — ns

16 TckH2ioI Port in hold after CLKOUT↑(2) 0* — — ns

17 TosH2ioV OSC1↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid(3) — — 100* ns

18 TosH2ioI OSC1↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid

(I/O in hold time) TBD — — ns

19 TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1↑

(I/O in setup time) TBD — — ns

20 TioR Port output rise time(3) — 10 25** ns

21 TioF Port output fall time(3) — 10 25** ns

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

** These parameters are design targets and are not tested. No characterization data available at this time.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance

only and are not tested.

2: Measurements are taken in RC Mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.

3: See Figure 11-1 for loading conditions.

OSC1

CLKOUT

I/O Pin

(input)

I/O Pin

(output)

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

13 14

20, 21

12 16

Old Value New Value

Note: All tests must be done with speciﬁed capacitive loads (see data sheet) 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 78 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 11-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND

DEVICE RESET TIMER TIMING - PIC16C54/55/56/57

TABLE 11-5: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER - PIC16C54/55/56/57

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 11.1, Section 11.2 and Section 11.3

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

30 TmcL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 100* — — ns VDD = 5.0V

31 Twdt Watchdog Timer Time-out Period

(No Prescaler) 9* 18* 30* ms VDD = 5.0V (Commercial)

32 TDRT Device Reset Timer Period 9* 18* 30* ms VDD = 5.0V (Commercial)

34 TioZ I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low — — 100* ns

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design

guidance only and are not tested.

VDD

MCLR

Internal

POR

DRT

Time-out

Internal

RESET

Watchdog

Timer

RESET

I/O pin

32 32

(Note 1)

Note 1: I/O pins must be taken out of hi-impedance mode by enabling the output drivers in software.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 79

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

FIGURE 11-5: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS - PIC16C54/55/56/57

TABLE 11-6: TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C54/55/56/57

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 11.1, Section 11.2 and

Section 11.3

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

40 Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width - No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20* — — ns

- With Prescaler 10* — — ns

41 Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width - No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20* — — ns

- With Prescaler 10* — — ns

42 Tt0P T0CKI Period 20 or TCY + 40*

N — — ns Whichever is greater.

N = Prescale Value

(1, 2, 4,..., 256)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These par ameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

T0CKI

40 41

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 80 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

NOTES:

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 81

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

12.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16C54/55/56/57

The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested or guaranteed. In some

graphs or tables the data presented are outside speciﬁed operating range (e.g., outside speciﬁed VDD range). This is

for information only and devices will operate properly only within the speciﬁed range.

The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from diff erent lots ov er a period of

time. “Typical” represents the mean of the distribution while “max” or “min” represents (mean + 3σ) and (mean – 3σ)

respectively, where σ is standard deviation.

FIGURE 12-1: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE

TABLE 12-1: RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCIES

Cext Rext Average

Fosc @ 5 V, 25°C

20 pF 3.3 k 4.973 MHz ± 27%

5 k 3.82 MHz ± 21%

10 k 2.22 MHz ± 21%

100 k 262.15 kHz ± 31%

100 pF 3.3 k 1.63 MHz ± 13%

5 k 1.19 MHz ± 13%

10 k 684.64 kHz ± 18%

100 k 71.56 kHz ± 25%

300 pF 3.3 k 660 kHz ± 10%

5.0 k 484.1 kHz ± 14%

10 k 267.63 kHz ± 15%

160 k 29.44 kHz ± 19%

The frequencies are measured on DIP packages.

The percentage variation indicated here is part-to-part variation due to normal process distribution. The variation

indicated is ±3 standard deviation from average value for VDD = 5 V.

FOSC

FOSC (25°C)

1.10

1.08

1.06

1.04

1.02

1.00

0.98

0.96

0.94

0.92

0.90

0 10 20 25 30 40 50 60 70

T(°C)

Frequency normalized to +25°C

VDD = 5.5 V

VDD = 3.5 V

Rext ≥ 10 kΩ

Cext = 100 pF

0.88

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 82 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 12-2: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR

FREQUENCY vs. VDD,

CEXT = 20 PF

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

VDD (Volts)

FOSC (MHz)

R = 3.3k

R = 5k

R = 10k

R = 100k

Measured on DIP Packages, T = 25°C

FIGURE 12-3: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR

FREQUENCY vs. VDD,

CEXT = 100 PF

FIGURE 12-4: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR

FREQUENCY vs. VDD,

CEXT = 300 PF

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

VDD (Volts)

FOSC (MHz)

R = 3.3k

R = 5k

R = 10k

R = 100k

Measured on DIP Packages, T = 25°C

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

VDD (Volts)

FOSC (kHz)

R = 3.3k

R = 5k

R = 10k

R = 100k

Measured on DIP Packages, T = 25°C

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 83

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

FIGURE 12-5: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD,

WATCHDOG DISABLED

FIGURE 12-6: MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD,

WATCHDOG DISABLED

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.02.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

IPD (µA)

VDD (Volts)

T = 25°C

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

IPD (mA)

VDD (Volts)

6.5 7.0

100

+85˚C

0˚C

–40˚C

–55˚C

+125˚C

+70˚C

FIGURE 12-7: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD,

WATCHDOG ENABLED

FIGURE 12-8: MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD,

WATCHDOG ENABLED

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

IPD (µA)

VDD (Volts)

T = 25°C

+70°C

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

IPD (µA)

VDD (Volts) 6.5 7.0

+85°C

–40°C

–55°C

IPD, with WDT enabled, has two components:

The leakage current which increases with higher temperature

and the operating current of the WDT logic which increases

with lower temperature. At –40°C, the latter dominates

explaining the apparently anomalous behavior.

+125°C

0°C

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 84 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 12-9: VTH (INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE) OF I/O PINS vs. VDD

FIGURE 12-10: VIH, VIL OF MCLR, T0CKI AND OSC1 (IN RC MODE) vs. VDD

FIGURE 12-11: VTH (INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE) OF OSC1 INPUT

(IN XT, HS, AND LP MODES) vs. VDD

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

VDD (Volts)

Min (–40°C to +85°C)

0.80

0.60 5.5 6.0

Max (–40°C to +85°C)

Typ (+25°C)

VTH (Volts)

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

VDD (Volts)

0.5

0.0 5.5 6.0

VIH, VIL (Volts)

4.0

4.5

min (–40°C to +85°C)

max (–40°C to +85°C)

typ +25°C

min (–40°C to +85°C)

max (–40°C to +85°C)

typ +25°C

Note: These input pins have Schmitt Trigger input buffers.

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

VDD (Volts)

1.2

1.0 5.5 6.0

Typ (+25°C)

VTH (Volts)

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

Max (–40°C to +85°C)

Min (–40°C to +85°C)

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 85

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

FIGURE 12-12: TYPICAL IDD vs. FREQUENCY (EXTERNAL CLOCK, 25°C)

FIGURE 12-13: MAXIMUM IDD vs. FREQUENCY (EXTERNAL CLOCK, –40°C TO +85°C)

10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

0.01

0.1

1.0

IDD (mA)

External Clock Frequency (Hz)

5.0

4.5

4.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

0.01

0.1

1.0

IDD (mA)

External Clock Frequency (Hz)

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

2.5

3.0

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 86 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 12-14: MAXIMUM IDD vs. FREQUENCY (EXTERNAL CLOCK –55°C TO +125°C)

10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

0.01

0.1

1.0

IDD (mA)

External Clock Frequency (Hz)

5.0

4.5

4.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

FIGURE 12-15: WDT TIMER TIME-OUT

PERIOD vs. VDD FIGURE 12-16: TRANSCONDUCTANCE (gm)

OF HS OSCILLATOR vs. VDD

5234567

VDD (Volts)

WDT period (ms)

Max +85°C

Max +70°C

Typ +25°C

MIn 0°C

MIn –40°C

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

100

0234567

VDD (Volts)

gm (µA/V)

Min +85°C

Max –40°C

Typ +25°C

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 87

PIC16C54/55/56/57 PIC16C5X

FIGURE 12-17: TRANSCONDUCTANCE (gm)

OF LP OSCILLATOR vs. VDD

FIGURE 12-18: IOH vs. VOH, VDD = 3 V

0234567

VDD (Volts)

gm (µA/V)

Min +85°C

Max –40°C

Typ +25°C

–5

–10

–15

–20

–250 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

VOH (Volts)

IOH (mA)

Min +85°C

3.0

Typ +25°C

Max –40°C

FIGURE 12-19: TRANSCONDUCTANCE (gm)

OF XT OSCILLATOR vs. VDD

FIGURE 12-20: IOH vs. VOH, VDD = 5 V

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0234567

VDD (Volts)

gm (µA/V)

Min +85°C

Max –40°C

Typ +25°C

–10

–20

–30

–401.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

VOH (Volts)

IOH (mA)

Min +85°C

Max –40°C

4.5 5.0

Typ +25°C

PIC16C5X PIC16C54/55/56/57

DS30453A-page 88 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 12-21: IOL vs. VOL, VDD = 3 V

TABLE 12-2: INPUT CAPACITANCE FOR

PIC16C54/56

Pin Typical Capacitance (pF)

18L PDIP 18L SOIC

RA port 5.0 4.3

RB port 5.0 4.3

MCLR 17.0 17.0

OSC1 4.0 3.5

OSC2/CLKOUT 4.3 3.5

T0CKI 3.2 2.8

All capacitance values are typical at 25°C. A part-to-part

variation of ±25% (three standard deviations) should be

taken into account.

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

VOL (Volts)

IOL (mA)

Min +85°C

Max –40°C

Typ +25°C

3.0

FIGURE 12-22: IOL vs. VOL, VDD = 5 V

TABLE 12-3: INPUT CAPACITANCE FOR

PIC16C55/57

Typical Capacitance (pF)

28L PDIP

(600 mil) 28L SOIC

RA port 5.2 4.8

RB port 5.6 4.7

RC port 5.0 4.1

MCLR 17.0 17.0

OSC1 6.6 3.5

OSC2/CLKOUT 4.6 3.5

T0CKI 4.5 3.5

All capacitance values are typical at 25°C. A part-to-part

variation of ±25% (three standard deviations) should be

taken into account.

00.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

VOL (Volts)

IOL (mA)

Min +85°C

Max –40°C

Typ +25°C

3.0

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 89

PIC16CR54A PIC16C5X

13.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16CR54A

Absolute Maximum Ratings†

Ambient Temperature under bias...........................................................................................................–55°C to +125°C

Storage Temperature..............................................................................................................................–65°C to +150°C

Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ..................................................................................................................0 to +7.5V

Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS(2)............................................................................................................0 to +14V

Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ................................................................................. –0.6V to (VDD + 0.6V)

Total Power Dissipation(1).....................................................................................................................................800 mW

Max. Current out of VSS pin...................................................................................................................................150 mA

Max. Current into VDD pin........................................................................................................................................50 mA

Max. Current into an input pin (T0CKI only).....................................................................................................................±500 µA

Input Clamp Current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)....................................................................................................................±20 mA

Output Clamp Current, IOK (V0 < 0 or V0 > VDD).............................................................................................................±20 mA

Max. Output Current sunk by any I/O pin................................................................................................................25 mA

Max. Output Current sourced by any I/O pin...........................................................................................................20 mA

Max. Output Current sourced by a single I/O port (PORTA or B)............................................................................40 mA

Max. Output Current sunk by a single I/O port (PORTA or B).................................................................................50 mA

Note 1: Power Dissipation is calculated as follows: PDIS = VDD x {IDD - ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOL x IOL)

Note 2: Voltage spikes belo w Vss at the MCLR pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA may cause latch-up. Thus,

a series resistor of 50 to 100Ω should be used when applying a low le vel to the MCLR pin r ather than pulling

this pin directly to Vss.

†NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device.

This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those

indicated in the operation listings of this speciﬁcation is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for

extended periods may affect device reliability.

PIC16C5X PIC16CR54A

DS30453A-page 90 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 13-1: CROSS REFERENCE OF DEVICE SPECS FOR OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATIONS

AND FREQUENCIES OF OPERATION (COMMERCIAL DEVICES)

OSC PIC16CR54A-04 PIC16CR54A-10 PIC16CR54A-20 PIC16LCR54A-04

RC VDD: 2.5 V to 6.25 V

IDD: 3.6 mA max at 6.0 V

IPD: 6.0 µA max at 2.5 V,

WDT dis

Freq: 4 MHz max

N/A N/A N/A

XT VDD: 2.5 V to 6.25 V

IDD: 3.6 mA max at 6.0 V

IPD: 6.0 µA max at 2.5 V,

WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max

N/A N/A N/A

N/A

VDD: 4.5 V to 5.5 V

IDD: 10 mA max at 5.5 V

IPD: 6.0 µA max at 2.5 V,

WDT dis

Freq: 10 MHz max

VDD: 4.5 V to 5.5 V

IDD: 10 mA max at 5.5 V

IPD: 6.0 µA max at 2.5 V,

WDT dis

Freq: 20 MHz max

N/A

N/A N/A N/A

VDD: 2.0 V to 6.25 V

IDD: 20 µA max at 32 kHz,

2.0 V

IPD: 6.0 µA max at 2.5 V,

WDT dis

Freq: 200 kHz max

The shaded sections indicate oscillator selections which should work by design, b ut are not tested. It is recommended

that the user select the device type from information in unshaded sections.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 91

PIC16CR54A PIC16C5X

13.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16CR54A-04, 10, 20 (Commercial)

PIC16CR54A-04I, 10I, 20I (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

RC and XT options

HS option

VDD 2.5

4.5 6.25

5.5 V

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD Start Voltage to ensure

Power-on Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

VDD Rise Rate to ensure

Power-on Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

Supply Current(3)

RC(4) and XT options

HS option

IDD 2.0

0.8

4.8

9.0

3.6

1.8

350

µA

FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 6.0V

FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 3.0V

FOSC = 200 kHz, VDD = 2.5V

FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

Power-Down Current(5)

Commercial IPD

1.0

2.0

3.0

5.0

6.0

8.0*

µA

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 6.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 6.0V, WDT enabled

Power-Down Current(5)

Industrial IPD

1.0

2.0

3.0

5.0

8.0

10*

20*

µA

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 4.0V, WDT enabled

VDD = 6.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 6.0V, WDT enabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

PIC16C5X PIC16CR54A

DS30453A-page 92 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

13.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16CR54A-04E, 10E, 20E (Extended)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

RC and XT options

HS options

VDD 3.25

4.5 6.0

5.5 V

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD Start Voltage to ensure

Power-on Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

VDD Rise Rate to ensure

Power-on Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

Supply Current(3)

RC(4) and XT options

HS option

IDD 1.8

4.8

9.0

3.3

FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 16 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

Power-Down Current(5) IPD 5.0

0.8 22

18 µA

µAVDD = 3.25V, WDT enabled

VDD = 3.25V, WDT disabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C . This data is for design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 93

PIC16CR54A PIC16C5X

13.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16LCR54A-04 (Commercial)

PIC16LCR54A-04I (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage VDD 2.0 6.25 V

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD Start Voltage to ensure

Power-on Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

VDD Rise Rate to ensure

Power-on Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

Supply Current(3) IDD 10 20

70 µA

µAFOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 2.0V

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 6.0V

Power-Down Current(5)

Commercial IPD

1.0

2.0

3.0

5.0

6.0

8.0*

µA

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 6.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 6.0V, WDT enabled

Power-Down Current(5)

Industrial IPD

1.0

2.0

3.0

5.0

8.0

10*

20*

µA

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 4.0V, WDT enabled

VDD = 6.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 6.0V, WDT enabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

PIC16C5X PIC16CR54A

DS30453A-page 94 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

13.4 DC Characteristics: PIC16CR54A-04, 10, 20, PIC16LCR54A-04 (Commercial)

PIC16CR54A-04I, 10I, 20I, PIC16LCR54A-04I (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

All Pins Except

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 13.1 and Section 13.3.

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Input Low Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1

VIL VSS

VSS

0.2 VDD

0.15 VDD

Pin at hi-impedance

RC option only(4)

XT, HS and LP options

Input High Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1

VIH 2.0

0.6 VDD

0.85 VDD

VDD

VDD = 3.0V to 5.5V(5)

Full VDD range(5)

RC option only(4)

XT, HS and LP options

Hysteresis of Schmitt

Trigger inputs VHYS 0.15VDD* V

Input Leakage Current(3)

I/O ports

MCLR

T0CKI

OSC1

IIL –1.0

–5.0

–3.0

0.5

+1.0

+5.0

+3.0

µA

For VDD ≤ 5.5V

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

Pin at hi-impedance

VPIN = VSS + 0.25V(2)

VPIN = VDD(2)

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

XT, HS and LP options

Output Low Voltage

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOL 0.5

0.5 V

VIOL = 10 mA, VDD = 6.0V

IOL = 1.9 mA, VDD = 6.0V,

RC option only

Output High Voltage(3)

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOH VDD –0.5

VDD –0.5 V

VIOH = –4.0 mA, VDD = 6.0V

IOH = –0.8 mA, VDD = 6.0V,

RC option only

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The speciﬁed

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltage.

3: Negative current is deﬁned as coming out of the pin.

4: For the RC option, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16C5X

be driven with external clock in RC mode.

5: The user may use the better of the two speciﬁcations.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 95

PIC16CR54A PIC16C5X

13.5 DC Characteristics: PIC16CR54A-04E, 10E, 20E (Extended)

DC Characteristics

All Pins Except

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 13.2.

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Input Low Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1

VIL Vss

Vss

0.15 VDD

0.3 VDD

Pin at hi-impedance

RC option only(4)

XT, HS and LP options

Input High Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1

VIH 0.45 VDD

2.0

0.36 VDD

0.85 VDD

0.7 VDD

VDD

For all VDD(5)

4.0V < VDD ≤ 5.5V(5)

VDD > 5.5V

RC option only(4)

XT, HS and LP options

Hysteresis of Schmitt

Trigger inputs VHYS 0.15VDD* V

Input Leakage Current(3)

I/O ports

MCLR

T0CKI

OSC1

IIL –1.0

–5.0

–3.0

0.5

+1.0

+5.0

+3.0

µA

For VDD ≤ 5.5V

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

Pin at hi-impedance

VPIN = VSS + 0.25V(2)

VPIN = VDD(2)

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

XT, HS and LP options

Output Low Voltage

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOL 0.6

0.6 V

VIOL = 8.7 mA, VDD = 4.5V

IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

RC option only

Output High Voltage (3)

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOH VDD –0.7

VDD –0.7 V

VIOH = –5.4 mA, VDD = 4.5V

IOH = –1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

RC option only

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C . This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The speciﬁed

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltage.

3: Negative current is deﬁned as coming out of the pin.

4: For the RC option, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16C5X

be driven with external clock in RC mode.

5: The user may use the better of the two speciﬁcations.

PIC16C5X PIC16CR54A

DS30453A-page 96 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

13.6 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions

The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS

2. TppS

F Frequency T Time

Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings:

2 to mc MCLR

ck CLKOUT osc oscillator

cy cycle time os OSC1

drt device reset timer t0 T0CKI

io I/O port wdt watchdog timer

Uppercase letters and their meanings:

F Fall P Period

H High R Rise

I Invalid (Hi-impedance) V Valid

L Low Z Hi-impedance

FIGURE 13-1: LOAD CONDITIONS

VSS

Pin CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2

15 pF for OSC2 in XT, HS or LP

options when external clock

is used to drive OSC1

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 97

PIC16CR54A PIC16C5X

13.7 Timing Diagrams and Speciﬁcations

FIGURE 13-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING - PIC16CR54A

TABLE 13-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16CR54A

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 13.1, Section 13.2 and Section 13.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

FOSC External CLKIN Frequency(2) DC — 4.0 MHz XT osc mode

DC — 4.0 MHz HS osc mode (04)

DC — 10 MHz HS osc mode (10)

DC — 20 MHz HS osc mode (20)

DC — 200 kHz LP osc mode

Oscillator Frequency(2) DC — 4.0 MHz RC osc mode

0.1 — 4.0 MHz XT osc mode

4.0 — 4.0 MHz HS osc mode (04)

4.0 — 10 MHz HS osc mode (10)

4.0 — 20 MHz HS osc mode (20)

5.0 — 200 kHz LP osc mode

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: All speciﬁed values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating

conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these speciﬁed limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation

and/or higher than expected current consumption.

When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.

OSC1

CLKOUT

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

1 3 3 4 4

PIC16C5X PIC16CR54A

DS30453A-page 98 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

1 TOSC External CLKIN Period(2) 250 — — ns XT osc mode

250 — — ns HS osc mode (04)

100 — — ns HS osc mode (10)

50 — — ns HS osc mode (20)

5.0 — — µs LP osc mode

Oscillator Period(2) 250 — — ns RC osc mode

250 — 10,000 ns XT osc mode

250 — 250 ns HS osc mode (04)

100 — 250 ns HS osc mode (10)

50 — 250 ns HS osc mode (20)

5.0 — 200 µs LP osc mode

2 TCY Instruction Cycle Time(3) — 4/FOSC — —

3 TosL, TosH Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time 50* — — ns XT oscillator

20* — — ns HS oscillator

2.0* — — µs LP oscillator

4 TosR, TosF Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time — — 25* ns XT oscillator

— — 25* ns HS oscillator

— — 50* ns LP oscillator

TABLE 13-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16CR54A (CON’T)

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 13.1, Section 13.2 and Section 13.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: All speciﬁed values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating

conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these speciﬁed limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation

and/or higher than expected current consumption.

When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 99

PIC16CR54A PIC16C5X

FIGURE 13-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING - PIC16CR54A

TABLE 13-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16CR54A

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 13.1, Section 13.2 and

Section 13.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units

10 TosH2ckL OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↓(2) — 15 30** ns

11 TosH2ckH OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↑(2) — 15 30** ns

12 TckR CLKOUT rise time(2) — 5.0 15** ns

13 TckF CLKOUT fall time(2) — 5.0 15** ns

14 TckL2ioV CLKOUT↓ to Port out valid(2) — — 40** ns

15 TioV2ckH Port in valid before CLKOUT↑(2) 0.25 TCY+30* — — ns

16 TckH2ioI Port in hold after CLKOUT↑(2) 0* — — ns

17 TosH2ioV OSC1↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid(3) — — 100* ns

18 TosH2ioI OSC1↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid

(I/O in hold time) TBD — — ns

19 TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1↑

(I/O in setup time) TBD — — ns

20 TioR Port output rise time(3) — 10 25** ns

21 TioF Port output fall time(3) — 10 25** ns

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

** These parameters are design targets and are not tested. No characterization data available at this time.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance

only and are not tested.

2: Measurements are taken in RC Mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.

3: See Figure 13-1 for loading conditions.

OSC1

CLKOUT

I/O Pin

(input)

I/O Pin

(output)

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

20, 21

Old Value New Value

Note: All tests must be done with speciﬁed capacitive loads (see data sheet) 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT.

19 12

PIC16C5X PIC16CR54A

DS30453A-page 100 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 13-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER TIMING - PIC16CR54A

TABLE 13-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER - PIC16CR54A

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 13.1, Section 13.2 and Section 13.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

30 TmcL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 1.0* — — µs VDD = 5.0V

31 Twdt Watchdog Timer Time-out Period

(No Prescaler) 7.0* 18* 40* ms VDD = 5.0V (Commercial)

32 TDRT Device Reset Timer Period 7.0* 18* 30* ms VDD = 5.0V (Commercial)

34 TioZ I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low — — 1.0* µs

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design

guidance only and are not tested.

VDD

MCLR

Internal

POR

DRT

Time-out

Internal

RESET

Watchdog

Timer

RESET

I/O pin

32 32

(Note 1)

Note 1: I/O pins must be taken out of hi-impedance mode by enabling the output drivers in software.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 101

PIC16CR54A PIC16C5X

FIGURE 13-5: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS - PIC16CR54A

TABLE 13-5: TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS - PIC16CR54A

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 13.1, Section 13.2 and

Section 13.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

40 Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width - No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20* — — ns

- With Prescaler 10* — — ns

41 Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width - No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20* — — ns

- With Prescaler 10* — — ns

42 Tt0P T0CKI Period 20 or TCY + 40*

N — — ns Whichever is greater.

N = Prescale Value

(1, 2, 4,..., 256)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These par ameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

T0CKI

40 41

PIC16C5X PIC16CR54A

DS30453A-page 102 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

NOTES:

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 103

PIC16C54A PIC16C5X

14.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16C54A

Absolute Maximum Ratings†

Ambient temperature under bias............................................................................................................–55°C to +125°C

Storage temperature............................................................................................................................. –65°C to +150°C

Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ..................................................................................................................0 to +7.5V

Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS................................................................................................................0 to +14V

Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ................................................................................. –0.6V to (VDD + 0.6V)

Total power dissipation(1) .....................................................................................................................................800 mW

Max. current out of VSS pin....................................................................................................................................150 mA

Max. current into VDD pin ......................................................................................................................................100 mA

Max. current into an input pin (T0CKI only)......................................................................................................................±500 µA

Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD)....................................................................................................................±20 mA

Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD)..............................................................................................................±20 mA

Max. output current sunk by any I/O pin..................................................................................................................25 mA

Max. output current sourced by any I/O pin ............................................................................................................20 mA

Max. output current sourced by a single I/O port (PORTA or B) .............................................................................50 mA

Max. output current sunk by a single I/O port (PORTA or B)...................................................................................50 mA

Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD - ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOL x IOL)

† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device.

This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those

indicated in the operation listings of this speciﬁcation is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for

extended periods may affect device reliability.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54A

DS30453A-page 104 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 14-1: CROSS REFERENCE OF DEVICE SPECS FOR OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATIONS

AND FREQUENCIES OF OPERATION (COMMERCIAL DEVICES)

OSC PIC16C54A-04 PIC16C54A-10 PIC16C54A-20 PIC16LC54A-04

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 2.4 mA max. at

5.5V

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 1.7 mA typ. at

5.5V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 1.7 mA typ. at

5.5V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 0.5 mA typ. at

5.5V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD 2.4 mA max. at

5.5V

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 1.7 mA typ. at

5.5V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 1.7 mA typ. at

5.5V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 0.5 mA typ. at

5.5V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max.

HS N/A

VDD: 4.5V to 5.5V

IDD: 8.0 mA max. at

5.5V

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 10 MHz max.

VDD: 4.5V to 5.5V

IDD: 16 mA max. at

5.5V

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 20 MHz max.

Do not use in

HS mode

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 14 µA typ. at

32kHz, 3.0V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 200 kHz max.

Do not use in

LP mode Do not use in

LP mode

VDD: 2.5V to 6.25V

IDD: 27 µA max. at

32kHz, 2.5V

WDT dis

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

2.5V WDT dis

Freq: 200 kHz max.

The shaded sections indicate oscillator selections which should work by design, but are not

tested. It is recommended that the user select the device type from information in unshaded

sections.

OSC PIC16C54A/JW PIC16LV54A-02

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD: 2.4 mA max. at

5.5V

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max.

VDD: 2.0V to 3.8V

IDD: 0.5 mA typ. at

3.0V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 2.0 MHz max.

VDD: 3.0V to 6.25V

IDD 2.4 mA max. at

5.5V

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 4.0 MHz max.

VDD: 2.0V to 3.8V

IDD: 0.5 mA typ. at

3.0V

IPD: 0.25 µA typ. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 2.0 MHz max.

VDD: 4.5V to 5.5V

IDD: 8 mA max. at

5.5V

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

3.0V WDT dis

Freq: 10 MHz max.

Do not use in

HS mode

VDD: 2.5V to 6.25V

IDD: 27 µA max. at

32kHz, 2.5V

WDT dis

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

2.5V WDT dis

Freq: 200 kHz max.

VDD: 2.0V to 3.8V

IDD: 27 µA max. at

32kHz, 2.5V

WDT dis

IPD: 4.0 µA max. at

2.5V WDT dis

Freq: 200 kHz max.

The shaded sections indicate oscillator selections

which should work by design, but are not tested. It

is recommended that the user select the device

type from information in unshaded sections.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 105

PIC16C54A PIC16C5X

14.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16C54A-04, 10, 20 (Commercial)

PIC16C54A-04I, 10I, 20I (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

XT, RC and LP options

HS option

VDD 3.0

4.5 6.25

5.5 V

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD start voltage to ensure

Power-On Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

VDD rise rate to ensure

Power-On Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

Supply Current(3)

XT and RC(4) options

HS option

LP option, Commercial

LP option, Industrial

IDD 1.8

2.4

4.5

2.4

8.0

µA

FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled

Power Down Current(5)

Commercial

Industrial

IPD 4.0

0.25

5.0

0.3

4.0

5.0

µA

VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled

VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled

VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled

VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54A

DS30453A-page 106 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

14.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16C54A-04E, 10E, 20E (Extended)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

XT and RC options

HS option

VDD 3.5

4.5 5.5

5.5 V

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD start voltage to ensure

Power-On Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

VDD rise rate to ensure

Power-On Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

Supply Current(3)

XT and RC(4) options

HS option

IDD 1.8

4.8

9.0

3.3

FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

Power Down Current(5)

XT and RC options

HS option

IPD 5.0

0.8

4.0

0.25

µA

VDD = 3.5V, WDT enabled

VDD = 3.5V, WDT disabled

VDD = 3.5V, WDT enabled

VDD = 3.5V, WDT disabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 107

PIC16C54A PIC16C5X

14.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16LC54A-04 (Commercial)

PIC16LC54A-04I (Industrial)

PIC16LC54A-04E (Extended)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

XT and RC options

LP options

VDD 3.0

2.5 6.25

6.25 V

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD start voltage to ensure

Power-On Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

VDD rise rate to ensure

Power-On Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

Supply Current(3)

XT and RC(4) options

LP option, Commercial

LP option, Industrial

LP option, Extended

IDD 0.5

µA

FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 5.5V

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 2.5V WDT disabled

Power Down Current(5)

Commercial

Industrial

Extended

IPD 2.5

0.25

2.5

0.25

2.5

0.25

4.0

5.0

7.0

µA

VDD = 2.5V, WDT enabled

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

VDD = 2.5V, WDT enabled

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

VDD = 2.5V, WDT enabled

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is for design guid-

ance only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54A

DS30453A-page 108 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

14.4 DC Characteristics: PIC16LV54A-02 (Commercial)

PIC16LV54A-02 (Industrial)

DC Characteristics

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–20°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Supply Voltage

XT, RC and LP options VDD 2.0 3.8 V

RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR 1.5* V Device in SLEEP mode

VDD start voltage to ensure

Power-On Reset VPOR VSS V See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

VDD rise rate to ensure

Power-On Reset SVDD 0.05* V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on

Power-on Reset

Supply Current(3)

XT and RC(4) options

LP option, Commercial

LP option, Industrial

IDD 0.5

14 27

µA

FOSC = 2.0 MHz, VDD = 3.0V

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

Power Down Current(5)(6)

Commercial

Industrial

IPD 2.5

0.25

3.5

0.3

4.0

5.0

µA

VDD = 2.5V, WDT enabled

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

VDD = 2.5V, WDT enabled

VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data.

3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus

loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on

the current consumption.

a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:

OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to

Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as speciﬁed.

b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that

the device is in SLEEP mode.

4: Does not include current through Rext. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the

formula: IR = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kΩ.

5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power down current is

measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.

6: The oscillator start-up time can be as much as 8 seconds for XT and LP oscillator selection, if the SLEEP

mode is entered or during initial power-up.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 109

PIC16C54A PIC16C5X

14.5 DC Characteristics: PIC16C54A-04, 10, 20, PIC16LC54A-04, PIC16LV54A-02 (Commercial)

PIC16C54A-04I, 10I, 20I, PIC16LC54A-04I, PIC16LV54A-02I (Industrial)

PIC16C54A-04E, 10E, 20E (Extended)

DC Characteristics

All Pins Except

Power Supply Pins

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–20°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial - PIC16LV54A-02I)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 14.1, Section 14.2 and

Section 14.3.

Characteristic Sym Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

Input Low Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1

VIL VSS

VSS

0.2 VDD

0.15 VDD

0.3 VDD

Pin at hi-impedance

RC option only(4)

XT, HS and LP options

Input High Voltage

I/O ports

MCLR (Schmitt Trigger)

T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger)

OSC1

VIH 0.2 VDD+1V

2.0

0.85 VDD

0.7 VDD

VDD

For all VDD(5)

4.0V < VDD ≤ 5.5V(5)

RC option only(4)

XT, HS and LP options

Hysteresis of Schmitt

Trigger inputs VHYS 0.15VDD* V

Input Leakage Current(3)

I/O ports

MCLR

T0CKI

OSC1

IIL -1.0

-5.0

-3.0

0.5

+1.0

+5.0

+3.0

µA

For VDD ≤ 5.5V

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

Pin at hi-impedance

VPIN = VSS +0.25V(2)

VPIN = VDD(2)

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD

VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,

XT, HS and LP options

Output Low Voltage

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOL 0.6

0.6 V

VIOL = 8.7 mA, VDD = 4.5V

IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

RC option only

Output High Voltage

I/O ports(3)

OSC2/CLKOUT

VOH VDD-0.7

VDD-0.7 V

VIOH = -5.4 mA, VDD = 4.5V

IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

RC option only

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is based on characterization results at 25°C. This data is f or design guidance

only and is not tested.

2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The speciﬁed

levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input

voltage.

3: Negative current is deﬁned as coming out of the pin.

4: For the RC option, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16C5X

be driven with external clock in RC mode.

5: The user may use the better of the two speciﬁcations.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54A

DS30453A-page 110 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

14.6 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions

The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS

2. TppS

TF Frequency T Time

Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings:

2 to mc MCLR

ck CLKOUT osc oscillator

cy cycle time os OSC1

drt device reset timer t0 T0CKI

io I/O port wdt watchdog timer

Uppercase letters and their meanings:

SF Fall P Period

H High R Rise

I Invalid (Hi-impedance) V Valid

L Low Z Hi-impedance

FIGURE 14-1: LOAD CONDITIONS - PIC16C54A

VSS

Pin CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2

15 pF for OSC2 in XT, HS or LP

options when external clock

is used to drive OSC1

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 111

PIC16C54A PIC16C5X

14.7 Timing Diagrams and Speciﬁcations

FIGURE 14-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING - PIC16C54A

TABLE 14-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C54A

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–20°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial - PIC16LV54A-02I)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 14.1, Section 14.2 and Section 14.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

FOSC External CLKIN Frequency(2) DC — 4.0 MHz XT osc mode

DC — 2.0 MHz XT osc mode (PIC16LV54A)

DC — 4.0 MHz HS osc mode (04)

DC — 10 MHz HS osc mode (10)

DC — 20 MHz HS osc mode (20)

DC — 200 kHz LP osc mode

Oscillator Frequency(2) DC — 4.0 MHz RC osc mode

DC — 2.0 MHz RC osc mode (PIC16LV54A)

0.1 — 4.0 MHz XT osc mode

0.1 — 2.0 MHz XT osc mode (PIC16LV54A)

4 — 4.0 MHz HS osc mode (04)

4 — 10 MHz HS osc mode (10)

4 — 20 MHz HS osc mode (20)

5 — 200 kHz LP osc mode

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: All speciﬁed values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating condi-

tions with the device executing code. Exceeding these speciﬁed limits may result in an unstab le oscillator operation and/or

higher than expected current consumption.

When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.

OSC1

CLKOUT

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

1 3 3 4 4

PIC16C5X PIC16C54A

DS30453A-page 112 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

1 TOSC External CLKIN Period(2) 250 — — ns XT osc mode

500 — — ns XT osc mode (PIC16LV54A)

250 — — ns HS osc mode (04)

100 — — ns HS osc mode (10)

50 — — ns HS osc mode (20)

5.0 — — µs LP osc mode

Oscillator Period(2) 250 — — ns RC osc mode

500 — — ns RC osc mode (PIC16LV54A)

250 — 10,000 ns XT osc mode

500 — — ns XT osc mode (PIC16LV54A)

250 — 250 ns HS osc mode (04)

100 — 250 ns HS osc mode (10)

50 — 250 ns HS osc mode (20)

5.0 — 200 µs LP osc mode

2 TCY Instruction Cycle Time(3) — 4/FOSC — —

3 TosL, TosH Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time 85* — — ns XT oscillator

20* — — ns HS oscillator

2.0* — — µs LP oscillator

4 TosR, TosF Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time — — 25* ns XT oscillator

— — 25* ns HS oscillator

— — 50* ns LP oscillator

TABLE 14-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C54A (CON’T)

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–20°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial - PIC16LV54A-02I)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 14.1, Section 14.2 and Section 14.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: All speciﬁed values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating condi-

tions with the device executing code. Exceeding these speciﬁed limits may result in an unstab le oscillator operation and/or

higher than expected current consumption.

When an external clock input is used, the “max” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.

3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 113

PIC16C54A PIC16C5X

FIGURE 14-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING - PIC16C54A

TABLE 14-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C54A

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–20°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial - PIC16LV54A-02I)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 14.1, Section 14.2 and

Section 14.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units

10 TosH2ckL OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↓(2) — 15 30** ns

11 TosH2ckH OSC1↑ to CLKOUT↑(2) — 15 30** ns

12 TckR CLKOUT rise time(2) — 5.0 15** ns

13 TckF CLKOUT fall time(2) — 5.0 15** ns

14 TckL2ioV CLKOUT↓ to Port out valid(2) — — 40** ns

15 TioV2ckH Port in valid before CLKOUT↑(2) 0.25 TCY+30* — — ns

16 TckH2ioI Port in hold after CLKOUT↑(2) 0* — — ns

17 TosH2ioV OSC1↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid(3) — — 100* ns

18 TosH2ioI OSC1↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid

(I/O in hold time) TBD — — ns

19 TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1↑

(I/O in setup time) TBD — — ns

20 TioR Port output rise time(3) — 10 25** ns

21 TioF Port output fall time(3) — 10 25** ns

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

** These parameters are design targets and are not tested. No characterization data available at this time.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

2: Measurements are taken in RC Mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.

3: See Figure 14-1 for loading conditions.

OSC1

CLKOUT

I/O Pin

(input)

I/O Pin

(output)

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

13 14

20, 21

12 16

Old Value New Value

Note: All tests must be done with speciﬁed capacitive loads (see data sheet) 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT.

PIC16C5X PIC16C54A

DS30453A-page 114 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 14-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND

DEVICE RESET TIMER TIMING - PIC16C54A

TABLE 14-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER - PIC16C54A

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–20°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial - PIC16LV54A-02I)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 14.1, Section 14.2 and Section 14.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

30 TmcL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 100*

1µs—

——

—ns VDD = 5.0V

VDD = 5.0V (PIC16LV54A only)

31 Twdt Watchdog Timer Time-out

Period (No Prescaler) 9.0* 18* 30* ms VDD = 5.0V (Commercial)

32 TDRT Device Reset Timer Period 9.0* 18* 30* ms VDD = 5.0V (Commercial)

34 TioZ I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR

Low —

——

—100*

1µsns (PIC16LV54A only)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design

guidance only and are not tested.

VDD

MCLR

Internal

POR

DRT

Time-out

Internal

RESET

Watchdog

Timer

RESET

I/O pin

32 32

(Note 1)

Note 1: I/O pins must be taken out of hi-impedance mode by enabling the output drivers in software.

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 115

PIC16C54A PIC16C5X

FIGURE 14-5: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS - PIC16C54A

TABLE 14-5: TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS - PIC16C54A

AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise speciﬁed)

Operating Temperature 0°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C (commercial)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial)

–20°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C (industrial - PIC16LV54A-02I)

–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C (extended)

Operating Voltage VDD range is described in Section 14.1, Section 14.2 and

Section 14.3.

Parameter

No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units Conditions

40 Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width - No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20* — — ns

- With Prescaler 10* — — ns

41 Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width - No Prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20* — — ns

- With Prescaler 10* — — ns

42 Tt0P T0CKI Period 20 or TCY + 40*

N — — ns Whichever is greater.

N = Prescale Value

(1, 2, 4,..., 256)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: Data in the Typical (“Typ”) column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only

and are not tested.

T0CKI

40 41

PIC16C5X PIC16C54A

DS30453A-page 116 Preliminary  1997 Microchip Technology Inc.

NOTES:

 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453A-page 117

PIC16CR57B PIC16C5X

15.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16CR57B