LM117HVQML 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator General Description The LM117HV are adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulators capable of supplying either 0.5A or 1.5A over a 1.2V to 57V output range. They are exceptionally easy to use and require only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, both line and load regulation are better than standard fixed regulators. In addition to higher performance than fixed regulators, the LM117HV series offers full overload protection available only in IC's. Included on the chip are current limit, thermal overload protection and safe area protection. All overload protection circuitry remains fully functional even if the adjustment terminal is disconnected. Normally, no capacitors are needed unless the device is situated more than 6 inches from the input filter capacitors in which case an input bypass is needed. An optional output capacitor can be added to improve transient response. The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to achieve very high ripple rejections ratios which are difficult to achieve with standard 3-terminal regulators. Besides replacing fixed regulators, the LM117HV is useful in a wide variety of other applications. Since the regulator is "floating" and sees only the input-to-output differential voltage, supplies of several hundred volts can be regulated as long as the maximum input to output differential is not exceeded, i.e. do not short the output to ground. Also, it makes an especially simple adjustable switching regulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM117HV can be used as a precision current regulator. Supplies with electronic shutdown can be achieved by clamping the adjustment terminal to ground which programs the output to 1.2V where most loads draw little current. Features Available with radiation guarantee 100 krad(Si) -- Total Ionizing Dose 100 krad(Si) -- Low Dose Rate Qualified Adjustable output down to 1.2V Guaranteed 0.5A or 1.5A output current Line regulation typically 0.01%/V Load regulation typically 0.1% Current limit constant with temperature Eliminates the need to stock many voltages 80 dB ripple rejection Output is short-circuit protected Ordering Information NS Part Number SMD Part Number LM117HVH/883 NS Package Number Package Description H03A 3LD T0-39 Metal Can LM117HVH-QML 5962-0722901QXA H03A 3LD T0-39 Metal Can LM117HVHRQMLV (Note 7) 5962R0722901VXA 100 krad(Si) H03A 3LD T0-39 Metal Can LM117HVHRLQMLV (Note 8) Low Dose Rate Qualified 5962R0722961VXA 100 krad(Si) H03A 3LD T0-39 Metal Can LM117HVK/883 K02C 2LD T0-3 Low Profile Metal Can 5962-0722903QYA K02C 2LD T0-3 Low Profile Metal Can LM117HVWG-QML 5962-0722901QZA WG16A 16LD Ceramic SOIC LM117HVWGRQMLV(Note 7) 5962R0722901VZA 100 krad(Si) WG16A 16LD Ceramic SOIC LM117HVWGRLQMLV(Note 8) Low Dose Rate Qualified 5962R0722961VZA 100 krad(Si) WG16A 16LD Ceramic SOIC LM117HVGW-QML 5962-0722902QZA WG16A 16LD Ceramic SOIC LM117HVGWRQMLV (Note 7) 5962R0722902VZA 100 krad(Si) WG16A 16LD Ceramic SOIC LM117HVGWRLQMLV (Note 8) Low Dose Rate Qualified 5962R0722962VZA 100 krad(Si) WG16A 16LD Ceramic SOIC LM117HVK-QML (c) 2011 National Semiconductor Corporation 201438 www.national.com LM117HVQML 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator September 6, 2011 LM117HVQML Connection Diagrams (See Physical Dimension section for further information) (TO-39) Metal Can Package 20143830 CASE IS OUTPUT Bottom View See NS Package Number H03A (TO-3) Metal Can Package 20143829 CASE IS OUTPUT Bottom View See NS Package Number K02C Ceramic SOIC Chip Carrier 20143804 Top View See NS Package Number WG16A (Note 4) LM117HV Series Packages Part Number Suffix Package Design Load Current H T0-39 0.5A K TO-3 1.5A WG, GW Ceramic SOIC 0.5A www.national.com 2 20143808 LM117HVQML Schematic Diagram 3 www.national.com LM117HVQML Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Power Dissipation (Note 2) Input - Output Voltage Differential Maximum Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Internally limited +60V, -0.3V +150C -65C TA +150C 300C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) Thermal Resistance JA T0-3 Metal Can - Still Air T0-3 Metal Can - 500LF/Min Air flow T0-39 Metal Can - Still Air T0-39 Metal Can - 500LF/Min Air flow Ceramic SOIC - Still Air "WG" Ceramic SOIC - 500LF/Min Air flow "WG" Ceramic SOIC - Still Air "GW" Ceramic SOIC - 500LF/Min Air flow "GW" 39C/W 14C/W 186C/W 64C/W 115C/W 66C/W 130C/W 80C/W JC T0-3 Metal Can T0-39 Metal Can Ceramic SOIC "WG" (Note 5) Ceramic SOIC "GW" ESD Tolerance (Note 3) 1.9C/W 21C/W 3.4C/W 7C/W 2000V Recommended Operating Conditions -55C TA +125C Operating Temperature Range Quality Conformance Inspection Mil-Std-883, Method 5005 - Group A Subgroup Description Temp C 1 Static tests at 25 2 Static tests at 125 3 Static tests at -55 4 Dynamic tests at 25 5 Dynamic tests at 125 6 Dynamic tests at -55 7 Functional tests at 25 8A Functional tests at 125 8B Functional tests at -55 9 Switching tests at 25 10 Switching tests at 125 11 Switching tests at -55 12 Settling time at 25 13 Settling time at 125 14 Settling time at -55 www.national.com 4 DC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. VDiff = (VI - VO), IL = 8mA, VOUT = 1.25V (Nominal) Symbol IAdj IQ Parameter Adjustment Pin Current Minimum Load Current Conditions Notes Min Unit VDiff = 3V 100 A 1 VDiff = 3.3V 100 A 2, 3 VDiff = 40V 100 A 1, 2, 3 VDiff = 3V, VO = 1.7V 5.0 mA 1 VDiff = 3.3V, VO = 1.7V 5.0 mA 2, 3 VI = 40V, VO = 1.7V 5.0 mA 1, 2, 3 VI = 60V, VO = 1.7V VRef VRLine VRLoad Delta IAdj / Load 8.2 mA 1 VDiff = 3V 1.2 1.3 V 1 VDiff = 3.3V 1.2 1.3 V 2, 3 VDiff = 40V 1.2 1.3 V 1, 2, 3 -8.64 8.64 mV 1 3.3V VDiff 40V, VO = VRef -18 18 mV 2, 3 40V VDiff 60V, IL = 60mA -25 25 mV 1 VDiff = 3V, IL = 10mA to 500mA -15 15 mV 1 VDiff = 3.3V, IL = 10mA to 500mA -15 15 mV 2, 3 VDiff = 40V, IL = 10mA to 150mA -15 15 mV 1 VDiff = 40V, IL = 10mA to 100mA -15 15 mV 2, 3 Adjustment Pin Current Change VDiff = 3V, IL = 10mA to 500mA -5.0 5.0 A 1 VDiff = 3.3V, IL = 10mA to 500mA -5.0 5.0 A 2, 3 VDiff = 40V, IL = 10mA to 150mA -5.0 5.0 A 1 VDiff = 40V, IL = 10mA to 100mA -5.0 5.0 A 2, 3 -5.0 5.0 A 1 3.3V VDiff 40V -5.0 5.0 A 2, 3 VDiff = 60V 0.0 0.4 A 1 VDiff = 4.25V 0.5 1.8 A 1 6.0 mV 1 Reference Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation 3V VDiff 40V, VO = VRef Delta IAdj / Line Adjustment Pin Current Change 3V VDiff 40V IOS Short Circuit Current R Subgroups Max Thermal Regulation VDiff = 40V, IL = 150mA, t = 20mS 5 www.national.com LM117HVQML LM117HVH, HVWG Electrical Characteristics LM117HVQML AC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. VDiff = (VI - VO), IL = 8mA, VOUT = 1.25V (Nominal) Symbol RR Parameter Ripple Rejection Conditions VI = +6.25V, = 120Hz, eI = 1VRMS, IL = 125mA, VO = VRef Notes Min (Note 6) 66 Max Unit Subgroups dB 4, 5, 6 LM117HVH, HVWG Delta Electrical Characteristics DC Delta Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. Deltas performed on QMLV devices at Group B, Subgroup 5, only. Symbol Parameter Conditions IAdj Adjust Pin Current VRef VRLine Reference Voltage Line Regulation Notes Min Max Unit Subgroups VDiff = 3V -10 10 A 1 VDiff = 40V -10 10 A 1 VDiff = 3V -0.01 0.01 V 1 VDiff = 40V -0.01 0.01 V 1 3V VDiff 40V, VO = VRef -4.0 4.0 mV 1 40V VDiff 60V, IL = 60mA -6.0 6.0 mV 1 LM117HVH, HVWG Post Radiation Electrical Characteristics DC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. VDiff = (VI - VO), IL = 8mA, VOUT = 1.25V (Nominal) Symbol Parameter Conditions Notes VDiff = 3V Min Max Unit Subgroups 1.2 1.45 V 1 VRef Reference Voltage VDiff = 40V 1.2 1.45 V 1 VRLine Line Regulation 3V VDiff 40V, VO = VRef -40 40 mV 1 VRLoad Load Regulation VDiff = 3V, IL = 10mA to 500mA -27 27 mV 1 Unit Subgroups dB 4 AC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. VDiff = (VI - VO), IL = 8mA, VOUT = 1.25V (Nominal) Symbol RR Parameter Ripple Rejection www.national.com Conditions VI = +6.25V, = 120Hz, eI = 1VRMS, IL = 125mA, VO = VRef 6 Notes Min 55 Max DC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. VDiff =(VI - VO), IL = 10mA, VOUT = 1.25V (Nominal) Symbol IAdj IQ VRef VRLine VRLoad Delta IAdj / Load Parameter Adjustment Pin Current Minimum Load Current Conditions Min Subgroups Max Unit VDiff = 3V 100 A 1 VDiff = 3.3V 100 A 2, 3 VDiff = 40V 100 A 1, 2, 3 VDiff = 3V, VO = 1.7V 5.0 mA 1 VDiff = 3.3V, VO = 1.7V 5.0 mA 2, 3 VI = 40V, VO = 1.7V 5.0 mA 1, 2, 3 VI = 60V, VO = 1.7V 0.25 8.2 mA 1 VDiff = 3V 1.2 1.3 V 1 VDiff = 3.3V 1.2 1.3 V 2, 3 VDiff = 40V 1.2 1.3 V 1, 2, 3 -8.64 8.64 mV 1 3.3V VDiff 40V, VO = VRef -18 18 mV 2, 3 40V VDiff 60V, IL = 60mA -25 25 mV 1 VDiff = 3V, IL = 10mA to 1.5A -15 15 mV 1 VDiff = 3.3V, IL = 10mA to 1.5A -15 15 mV 2, 3 VDiff = 40V, IL = 10mA to 300mA -15 15 mV 1 VDiff = 40V, IL = 10mA to 195mA -15 15 mV 2, 3 Adjustment Pin Current Change VDiff = 3V, IL = 10mA to 1.5A -5.0 5.0 A 1 VDiff = 3.3V, IL = 10mA to 1.5A -5.0 5.0 A 2, 3 VDiff = 40V, IL = 10mA to 300mA -5.0 5.0 A 1 VDiff = 40V, IL = 10mA to 195mA -5.0 5.0 A 2, 3 -5.0 5.0 A 1 3.3V VDiff 40V -5.0 5.0 A 2, 3 VDiff = 60V 0.0 0.4 A 1 VDiff = 3V 1.5 3.5 A 1 10.5 mV 1 Reference Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation 3V VDiff 40V, VO = VRef Delta IAdj / Line Adjustment Pin Current Change 3V VDiff 40V IOS Short Circuit Current R Notes Thermal Regulation VDiff = 40V, IL = 300mA, t = 20mS 7 www.national.com LM117HVQML LM117HVK Electrical Characteristics LM117HVQML AC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. VDiff = (VI - VO), IL = 10mA. Symbol RR Parameter Ripple Rejection Conditions VI = +6.25V, = 120Hz, eI = 1VRMS, IL = 0.5A, VO = VRef Notes Min (Note 6) 66 Max Unit Subgroups dB 4, 5, 6 Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 2: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), JA (package junction to ambient thermal resistance), and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PDmax = (TJmax - TA) / JA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. "Although power dissipation is internally limited, these specifications are applicable for power dissipations of 2W for the TO39 package and 20W for the TO3 package." Note 3: Human body model, 1.5 k in series with 100 pF. Note 4: For the Ceramic SOIC device to function properly, the "Output" and "Output/Sense" pins must be connected on the users printed circuit board. Note 5: The package material for these devices allows much improved heat transfer over our standard ceramic packages. In order to take full advantage of this improved heat transfer, heat sinking must be provided between the package base (directly beneath the die), and either metal traces on, or thermal vias through, the printed circuit board. Without this additional heat sinking, device power dissipation must be calculated using JA, rather than JC, thermal resistance. It must not be assumed that the device leads will provide substantial heat transfer out the package, since the thermal resistance of the lead frame material is very poor, relative to the material of the package base. The stated JC thermal resistance is for the package material only, and does not account for the additional thermal resistance between the package base and the printed circuit board. The user must determine the value of the additional thermal resistance and must combine this with the stated value for the package, to calculate the total allowed power dissipation for the device. Note 6: Tested @ 25C; guaranteed, but not tested @ 125C & -55C Note 7: Pre and post irradiation limits are identical to those listed under AC and DC electrical characteristics, except as listed in the "LM117HVH, HVWG Post Radiation Electrical Characteristics" tables . These parts may be dose rate sensitive in a space environment and demonstrate enhanced low dose rate effect. Radiation end point limits for the noted parameters are guaranteed only for the conditions as specified in Mil-Std-883, Method 1019, Condition A. Note 8: Pre and post irradiation limits are identical to those listed under AC and DC electrical characteristics, except as listed in the "LM117HVH, HVWG Post Radiation Electrical Characteristics" tables. These parts pass all post irradiation limits under low dose rate testing at 10 mrad(Si)/s. Low dose rate qualification is performed on a wafer-by-wafer basis, per test method 1019 condition E of MIL-STD-883. www.national.com 8 LM117HVQML Typical Performance Characteristics Output capacitor = 0 F unless otherwise noted. Load Regulation Current Limit 20143832 20143833 Adjustment Current Dropout Voltage 20143835 20143834 Temperature Stability Minimum Operating Current 20143836 20143837 9 www.national.com LM117HVQML Ripple Rejection Ripple Rejection 20143838 20143839 Ripple Rejection Output Impedance 20143840 20143841 Line Transient Response Load Transient Response 20143842 www.national.com 20143843 10 LM117HVQML Typical Radiation Characteristics (Note 9) Reference Voltage Load Regulation 20143848 20143849 Line Regulation Ripple Rejection 20143850 20143851 Note 9: Irradiation conditions: VI = 60V; low dose rate = 10 mrad(Si)/s 11 www.national.com LM117HVQML tance can cause excessive ringing. This occurs with values between 500 pF and 5000 pF. A 1 F solid tantalum (or 25 F aluminum electrolytic) on the output swamps this effect and insures stability. Any increase of load capacitance larger than 10 F will merely improve the loop stability and output impedance. Application Hints In operation, the LM117HV develops a nominal 1.25V reference voltage, VREF, between the output and adjustment terminal. The reference voltage is impressed across program resistor R1 and, since the voltage is constant, a constant current I1 then flows through the output set resistor R2, giving an output voltage of LOAD REGULATION The LM117HV is capable of providing extremely good load regulation but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. The current set resistor connected between the adjustment terminal and the output terminal (usually 240) should be tied directly to the output of the regulator rather than near the load. This eliminates line drops from appearing effectively in series with the reference and degrading regulation. For example, a 15V regulator with 0.05 resistance between the regulator and load will have a load regulation due to line resistance of 0.05 x IL. If the set resistor is connected near the load the effective line resistance will be 0.05 (1 + R2/R1) or in this case, 11.5 times worse. Figure 2 shows the effect of resistance between the regulator and 240 set resistor. 20143805 FIGURE 1. Since the 100 A current from the adjustment terminal represents an error term, the LM117HV was designed to minimize IADJ and make it very constant with line and load changes. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output establishing a minimum load current requirement. If there is insufficient load on the output, the output will rise. 20143806 FIGURE 2. Regulator with Line Resistance in Output Lead EXTERNAL CAPACITORS An input bypass capacitor is recommended. A 0.1 F disc or 1 F solid tantalum on the input is suitable input bypassing for almost all applications. The device is more sensitive to the absence of input bypassing when adjustment or output capacitors are used but the above values will eliminate the possibility of problems. The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to ground on the LM117HV to improve ripple rejection. This bypass capacitor prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. With a 10 F bypass capacitor 80 dB ripple rejection is obtainable at any output level. Increases over 10 F do not appreciably improve the ripple rejection at frequencies above 120 Hz. If the bypass capacitor is used, it is sometimes necessary to include protection diodes to prevent the capacitor from discharging through internal low current paths and damaging the device. In general, the best type of capacitors to use are solid tantalum. Solid tantalum capacitors have low impedance even at high frequencies. Depending upon capacitor construction, it takes about 25 F in aluminum electrolytic to equal 1 F solid tantalum at high frequencies. Ceramic capacitors are also good at high frequencies; but some types have a large decrease in capacitance at frequencies around 0.5 MHz. For this reason, 0.01 F disc may seem to work better than a 0.1 F disc as a bypass. Although the LM117HV is stable with no output capacitors, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capaciwww.national.com With the TO-3 package, it is easy to minimize the resistance from the case to the set resistor, by using two separate leads to the case. However, with the TO-5 package, care should be taken to minimize the wire length of the output lead. The ground of R2 can be returned near the ground of the load to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. PROTECTION DIODES When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Most 10 F capacitors have low enough internal series resistance to deliver 20A spikes when shorted. Although the surge is short, there is enough energy to damage parts of the IC. When an output capacitor is connected to a regulator and the input is shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the value of the capacitor, the output voltage of the regulator, and the rate of decrease of VIN. In the LM117HV, this discharge path is through a large junction that is able to sustain 15A surge with no problem. This is not true of other types of positive regulators. For output capacitors of 25 F or less, there is no need to use diodes. The bypass capacitor on the adjustment terminal can discharge through a low current junction. Discharge occurs when 12 LM117HVQML either the input or output is shorted. Internal to the LM117HV is a 50 resistor which limits the peak discharge current. No protection is needed for output voltages of 25V or less and 10 F capacitance. Figure 3 shows an LM117HV with protection diodes included for use with outputs greater than 25V and high values of output capacitance. Note: D1 protects against C1 D2 protects against C2 CURRENT LIMIT Internal current limit will be activated whenever the output current exceeds the limit indicated in the Typical Performance Characteristics. However, if during a short circuit condition the regulator's differential voltage exceeds the Absolute Maximum Rating of 60V (e.g. VIN 60V, VOUT = 0V), internal junctions in the regulator may break down and the device may be damaged or fail. Failure modes range from an apparent open or short from input to output of the regulator, to a destroyed package (most common with the TO-220 package). To protect the regulator, the user is advised to be aware of voltages that may be applied to the regulator during fault conditions, and to avoid violating the Absolute Maximum Ratings. 20143807 FIGURE 3. Regulator with Protection Diodes 13 www.national.com LM117HVQML Typical Applications 1.2V-45V Adjustable Regulator 20143801 Full output current not available at high input-output voltages Optional--improves transient response. Output capacitors in the range of 1 F to 1000 F of aluminum or tantalum electrolytic are commonly used to provide improved output impedance and rejection of transients. *Needed if device is more than 6 inches from filter capacitors. Digitally Selected Outputs 5V Logic Regulator with Electronic Shutdown* *Min. output 1.2V 20143803 20143802 *Sets maximum VOUT Slow Turn-On 15V Regulator Adjustable Regulator with Improved Ripple Rejection 20143810 20143809 Solid tantalum *Discharges C1 if output is shorted to ground www.national.com 14 LM117HVQML High Stability 10V Regulator High Current Adjustable Regulator 20143811 20143812 Solid tantalum *Minimum load current = 30 mA Optional--improves ripple rejection 0 to 30V Regulator Power Follower 20143813 20143814 Full output current not available at high input-output voltages 15 www.national.com LM117HVQML 5A Constant Voltage/Constant Current Regulator 20143815 Solid tantalum *Lights in constant current mode 1A Current Regulator 1.2V-20V Regulator with Minimum Program Current 20143816 *Minimum load current 4 mA www.national.com 16 20143817 LM117HVQML High Gain Amplifier Low Cost 3A Switching Regulator 20143819 20143818 Solid tantalum *Core--Arnold A-254168-2 60 turns 4A Switching Regulator with Overload Protection 20143820 Solid tantalum *Core--Arnold A-254168-2 60 turns Precision Current Limiter 20143821 * 0.8 R1 120 17 www.national.com LM117HVQML Tracking Preregulator 20143822 Adjustable Multiple On-Card Regulators with Single Control* 20143823 *All outputs within 100 mV Minimum load--10 mA AC Voltage Regulator 12V Battery Charger 20143825 20143824 www.national.com Use of RS allows low charging rates with fully charged battery. **The 1000 F is recommended to filter out input transients 18 LM117HVQML 50 mA Constant Current Battery Charger 20143826 Adjustable 4A Regulator Current Limited 6V Charger 20143828 *Sets peak current (0.6A for 1) **The 1000 F is recommended to filter out input transients 20143827 19 www.national.com LM117HVQML Revision History Date Released Revision 03/14/06 Section Originator New Release, Corporate format 07/06/07 B Features, Ordering Information, Connection Diagram, Absolute Maximum Ratings, Electrical's, Notes and Physical Dimensions Larry McGee Added Radiation information and WG information to data sheet. Revision A to be Archived. 02/13/08 C Features, Ordering Information, Electrical's, Notes and Typical Radiation Characteristics, Physical Dimensions Drawing Larry McGee Added ELDRS NSID information, HVH & HVWG Delta and Post Radiation Table, Typical Radiation Characteristics Plots, Note 8, 9 and WG Market Drawing. Revision B to be Archived. 09/02/11 D Ordering Information, Absolute Maximum Ratings Larry McGee Added 'GW' NSIDS & SMD numbers. Added Theta JA and Theta JC for 'GW' devices. Revision C to be Archived. www.national.com L. Lytle Changes A 20 2 MDS datasheets converted into one Corporate datasheet format. Corrected IL from 60mA to 8mA for RLine. Separated Delta IAdj / Line from Delta IAdj / Load for both the H & K devices. Removed drift from MNLM117HV-H electrical characteristics since not performed on 883 product. MNLM117HV-K Rev 0C1 & MNLM117HV-H Rev 2A1 will be archived. LM117HVQML Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted T0-39 Metal Can Package (H) NS Package Number H03A T0-3 Metal Can Package (K) NS Package Number K02C 21 www.national.com LM117HVQML Ceramic SOIC NS Package Number WG16A www.national.com 22 LM117HVQML 23 www.national.com LM117HVQML 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH(R) Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise(R) Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagicTM www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise(R) Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION ("NATIONAL") PRODUCTS. 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