Optoelectronics Lighting Imaging Telecom Sensors Detectors and Sensors Optoswitches, Optical Hybrids, and Custom Optical Assemblies Specialty Lighting Digital Imaging Telecom Sensors . . Optoswitches, optical hybrids, custom assemblies, photodiodes, phototransistors, IR emitters, and photoconductive cells for industrial, commercial, and consumer electronics applications. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics has the distinction of being one of the foremost manufacturers in optoelectronics. Founded in 1947, PerkinElmer offers its customers over 35 years experience in the development and application of optoelectronic devices. The product line is one of the broadest in the industry, including a variety of standard catalog products as well as custom design and manufacturing capabilities. Approximately 75% of the products shipped are custom designed and tested to serve the needs of specific OEM applications. Three basic objectives guide PerkinElmer's activities - Service, Quality, and Technology. Our outstanding engineering staff, coupled with the implementation of modern material control and manufacturing techniques, plus our commitment to quality, has gained PerkinElmer "certified" status with many major customers. Products are often shipped directly to manufacturing lines without need for incoming QC at the customer's facility. PerkinElmer's products are vertically integrated, from the growing of LED crystals, silicon die fabrication, package design, reliability qualification, to assembly. Vertical integration is your assurance of consistent quality. Recognizing the need for low-cost manufacturing to serve world markets, PerkinElmer expanded its manufacturing/assembly operations into the Far East more than 20 years ago. The combination of strong technology in processing at the St. Louis headquarters and lowcost assembly operations in the Far East has allowed PerkinElmer to effectively serve all markets, worldwide. PerkinElmer provides optical sensors, IR emitters and subassemblies for such diverse applications as street light controls, cameras, smoke alarms, business machines, automotive sensors, and medical equipment. For pricing, delivery, data sheets, samples, or technical support please contact your PerkinElmer Sales Office or direct your questions directly to the factory. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics 10900 Page Avenue St. Louis, Missouri 63132 USA Tel: (314) 423-4900 Fax: (314) 423-3956 Copyright 2001 by PerkinElmer Optoelectronics All rights reserved www.perkinelmer.com/opto Table of Contents Custom and Semi-Custom Optoswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Questions to Consider on Your Custom Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Overview of Custom Assembly Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Custom Modification to Standard Optoswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Full Custom Optoswitch Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Silicon Detector Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical Encoder Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Custom Photocells and Photocell Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 4 5 6 7 Case Studies of Custom Design Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Optical Probes for a Teaching Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Sensors for X-Ray Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Optical Sensing Block for Medical Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Optical Control of Photocopy Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Paper Sensing in Photocopy Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Optoswitch Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Optoswitch Typical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Why Use Optical Switches? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 General Characteristics and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Standard Reflective Optoswitch Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Reflective Optoswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Standard Transmissive Optoswitch Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Transmissive Optoswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 i Part Number Index PART NO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PAGE PART NO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE VTL11D1-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 VTL11D3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 VTL11D3-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 VTL11D5-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 VTL11D6-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 VTL11D7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 VTL11D7-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 VTL23D0A21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 VTL23D0A22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 VTL23D1A00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 VTL23D1A22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 VTL23D2A00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 VTL23D3A00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 VTR16D1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 VTL13D1-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 CTL13D3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 VTL13D3-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 VTL13D5-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 VTL13D6-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 VTL13D7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 VTL13D7-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 VTR17D1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 VTR24F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 ii Custom and Semi-Custom Optoswitches Upon request, and where sufficient quantities are involved, PerkinElmer Optoelectronics will test standard parts to your unique set of specifications. Testing parts under actual operating conditions gives you the benefit of predictable performance in your application. PerkinElmer offers a broad line of standard optoswitches in a wide variety of packages and sensitivities. Nevertheless, some applications demand a totally custom device. Recognizing this real need, PerkinElmer's engineering and sales departments are experienced in working with the customer from initial concept through design, prototype, and volume production. A custom design usually requires the commitment of valuable resources. PerkinElmer reviews requests for custom devices on a case by case basis and reserves the right to decide if the business potential warrants the undertaking of such a project. The customer may be asked to share in the expense of development. PerkinElmer has designed and fabricated custom products for many companies. Our staff can work closely with you and protect your proprietary information. Your inquiries to PerkinElmer should include electrical, environmental, and mechanical requirements. Also, information on anticipated volumes, price objectives, and lead times is needed since these often determine the choices of design and tooling. "Questions to Consider..." on the following page outlines key questions which have to be answered. 1 Questions to Consider on Your Custom Assemblies This outline is provided to assist you in supplying the basic information needed to respond to your inquiry. Upfront information will help expedite your answers. Application Environmental Requirements Describe the application Used indoors or outdoors? Indicate general nature of application (consumer, business, industrial, medical, aerospace, military) Temperature range (operating and storage) Humidity/moisture environment Shock/vibration requirements Input/output circuits and waveforms Required operating life If a target is being sensed: Solvents device may be exposed to What is the target made of? Static electricity requirements What is the size of target? Other requirements (pressure, salt water exposure, etc.) What is the relative positions between target and sensor? Mechanical Requirements Provide samples of hardware and devices if possible Provide sketch Can we propose changes to the physical layout? Electrical Requirements Voltage supply, min./max. limits How is device to be mounted? Maximum voltage device must withstand How will you handle and install our device in your production line? Maximum/minimum supply current Required output signal, best & worst case Volume, Cost, and Lead Time Requirements Ambient light condition Total program volume DC or pulsed operation Peak delivery date requirement Electrical noise environment (EMI/RFI) Price Objectives Development/in production lead times Duty Cycle Used for how many hours each day? Timing Number of days/week in normal operation Prototypes needed by: _____________ Electrical on-time Production quantities needed by: ______________ Electrical off-time Name of Engineering Contact: _____________________________________ Phone: _________________________________ Name of Quality Contact: _________________________________________ Phone: _________________________________ Name of Purchasing Contact: _____________________________________ Phone: _________________________________ 2 Overview of Custom Assembly Capabilities Custom Modification to Standard Optoswitches PerkinElmer can design and build a custom optoswitch that meets the exact requirements of your application. Our capabilities include: * Testing a standard optoswitch to your unique electrical/optical requirements. * Adding lead extensions to the standard optoswitch, with or without connectors. * Offering special performance emitters and detectors in standard housings. * Mounting optoswitches on a printed circuit board with or without other components. * Providing a sub-assembly that is 100% tested to your specifications. 3 Overview of Custom Assembly Capabilities Full Custom Optoswitch Designs Full custom designs fill the demanding requirements of higher volume applications. These designs often include the: * Design and tooling of a custom package geometry to house active optoelectronic components to meet space limitations. * Special selection of emitters and detectors uniquely suited for the application. * Complete design of a sub-assembly with input/output circuitry, special filters, lenses, cable harnesses, and terminations to provide a system solution to your requirements. 4 Overview of Custom Assembly Capabilities Silicon Detector Arrays PerkinElmer produces a complete line of multielement silicon detectors. Consult your local sales representative or the factory to determine whether one of our pre-tooled arrays will meet your specific needs, or if a custom design approach is required. Custom detector arrays allow a wide range of choice in: * The number of elements. * The geometry and positioning of the elements. * Construction (monolithic, hybrid, or a combinations of the two). * Packaging (hermetic, cast/molded, conformal coat, etc.). * Electro-optical characteristics: sensitivities, spectral response, response times, and electrical characteristics. 5 Overview of Custom Assembly Capabilities Optical Encoder Assemblies PerkinElmer produces custom designed detector arrays for optical encoder applications. Design options include: * Photodiode, phototransistor, and photodarlington detector elements. * One piece monolithic chip arrays. * Multiple chip hybrid arrays. * Hybrid packages. * Unique mounting configurations. 6 Overview of Custom Assembly Capabilities Custom Photocells and Photocell Assemblies Photocells are low cost light detectors. They have a very wide dynamic range and can detect low illumination levels. PerkinElmer is the world leader in CdS and CdSe photoconductive cells. Besides offering a wide range of standard products, PerkinElmer can: * Select a standard device tested to your unique electrical/optical requirements. * Develop a totally custom device -- including hybrid designs. * Provide 100% tested custom assemblies. 7 Case Studies of Custom Design Solutions Optical Probes for a Teaching Lab The photometric probe uses a photometrically corrected photodiode that provides a spectral response to light similar to the human eye. The radiometric probe offers a radiometrically corrected photodiode providing an absolute measurement of light intensity and a nearly uniform sensitivity across the entire visible spectrum. There is growing concern over the science and math skills of today's students. So, the emphasis is to present these subjects in formats that are more interesting for the student and easier for the teacher. A new learning tool is available for kindergarten through college students. It's a microcomputer-based laboratory consisting of a base unit, with various modules and probes, which attaches to a personal computer and acts as the hub of a science lab. It helps to learn and to teach science and math in new, more interesting ways by exploring questions to reinforce the theory behind the answers. The modules and probes connect to the base PC and allow for measurement of temperature, light, pH, distance, etc. These assemblies consist of a custom designed photodiode chip and a custom glass filter in a hermetic package. This is assembled into a waterproof housing, with a cable assembly providing connection to a specific module. The finished assemblies are individually computer calibrated using a closely controlled light source. A filter holder is also provided, allowing the introduction of additional filters into the light path. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics provides the light measurement probes used with this system. Two light probes are available: a photometric probe and radiometric probe. PerkinElmer is a certified supplier for this assembly. The units are shipped directly to retail distribution with no need for incoming Q.C. at the customer's O.E.M. facility. 8 Case Studies for Custom Design Solutions Sensors for X-Ray Detection PerkinElmer Optoelectronics provides linear X-Ray detector arrays for these security systems. These arrays produce the line sensing capability used for the detection of the X-Ray images with less than 0.10 mR total exposure. X-Ray security screening systems are seen in use wherever high security and rapid screening of large items are required. This includes airports, customs facilities, nuclear power plants, correctional institutions, corporate mailrooms, and government buildings. These systems allow complete screening of luggage, parcels, boxes, crates, etc. Each PerkinElmer detector array consists of four, eight element common cathode photodiode arrays positioned end to end, providing 32 in-line elements, diebonded to a printed circuit board. The photodiode arrays are custom designed specifically for this application and are 100% tested for light current and dark current. The arrays are also 100% tested for response uniformity, which is the ratio of the highest to lower light currents between the 32 detector elements. The printed circuit board assemblies are manufactured to close dimensional tolerances and are stackable end-to-end. Security screening systems feature powerful X-Ray units capable of penetrating up to 17 mm of steel. The x-rays are sensed by spatial arrays of photodiode detectors, positioned to allow two dimensional sensing. Items passing through a tunnel opening are scanned and imaged, with the images displayed on a video monitor in black and white or in computer enhanced color. 9 Case Studies of Custom Design Solutions Optical Sensing Block for Medical Diagnosis PerkinElmer Optoelectronics supplies sophisticated products to medical electronics. One example is a pair of hybrid packaged emitterdetector arrays used in a medical microbiology testing system. This in vitro system is fully automated and offers the fastest microbiological testing available. It shortens a patient's hospital stay and allows the physician to accurately and quickly select the most effective and least expensive antimicrobial. 4. Basically, the PerkinElmer detector assembly consists of a hybrid array of precisely aligned phototransistor chips. These chips identify the test card, and sense the attenuation of light passing through test card wells containing enriched media and sample organisms. The light source is a PerkinElmer emitter assembly consisting of a hybrid array of precisely aligned light emitting diodes (LEDs). The testing system controls temperature and timing exactly. The plastic cards are automatically scanned hourly. The onboard computer interprets the measurement results and produces diagnostic reports. This automated diagnostic system has four components: 1. Disposable test kits, including plastic cards used to identify organisms and appropriate antimicrobials. 2. An instrument cabinet, containing a computer, a mechanism for inoculating test cards, and a reader/incubator that houses the PerkinElmer emitter and detector assemblies used to measure the samples. 3. A data terminal and keyboard for communicating with and controlling the system. A printer for automatically reporting final test results. PerkinElmer's role in the design and manufacture of these critical emitter and detector assemblies centers on quality workmanship and specially selected discrete and multi-element opto chips. A comparator is used for the precise alignment of the emitter and detector chips on metallized ceramics, as well as for the precise alignment of the chrome etched aperture cover glasses. The assemblies then undergo extensive 100% computerized testing to assure performance. 10 Case Studies of Custom Design Solutions Optical Control of Photocopy Quality an onboard voltage regulator. PerkinElmer recommended changing to a new vendor and the problem was eliminated. Sensing toner density in photocopiers is a major application of optosensors, PerkinElmer Optoelectronics has years of experience in helping customers with high performance toner control sensors. An additional problem occurred when the assembly's PC board was bolted to a calibration fixture. The calibration readings tended to shift due to the stresses applied to the plastic packaged op-amp as the PC board was secured. Changing from a plastic to a rigid ceramic package IC resolved this problem, assuming that the sensor would remain in calibration during testing, shipping and handling. For example, one photocopier customer had an infrared density control that had problems with accuracy and repeatability. A density control reads a test patch on the photoreceptor and reports to the system microprocessor, which adjusts toner delivery and electrostatics. We analyzed the existing assembly and determined that certain aspects of optical performance had not been considered in the original design. Based on these findings, the optical housing was retooled to perform to specification. Prior to PerkinElmer's improvements, the customer had begun a major design program to add diagnostic features onboard, allowing their servicemen to perform field calibration. However, the customer's field service calls, and the major design program was halted. This allowed our customer to remain with the original design, and eliminate calibration in the field--producing significant dollar savings. PerkinElmer also solved several circuit problems. Temperature stability was improved by developing a higher shunt impedance detector. We found that stability could be further improved by changing the value of the nulling pot for one of the op-amps. Noise problems were traced to 11 Case Studies of Custom Design Solutions Paper Sensing in Photocopy Machines the evaluation was completed, the customer discovered that they had missed some critical details in the original specification. They determined that sensors would be needed in a number of additional locations within the machine and each had a different spacing between sensor and paper. They also determined that the sensor should "trip" its output within a certain range (2 mm) of paper entry into a specified target area. Finally, it was required that black paper should be as detectable as white paper. In total, parameters were added which required 32 separate tests to verify function under all operating conditions. Paper is fed through a wide variety of office copiers and printers. Automatic paper handlers need to sense the presence/absence and position of the paper at the entry/exit ports of each operation in the equipment. Reflective sensors like PerkinElmer Optoelectronics' VTR24F1 are often used because they are non-contact sensors and don't interfere with the travel of paper through the machine. The development of the original custom version of this sensor is a prime example of how PerkinElmer can work with a customer from design conception through final production. The customer for this product originally came to us with what appeared to be a simple design request: design a low cost sensor to meet a limited number of simple criteria. The finished device was to sense white paper at a fixed distance from the sensor. The signal level change had to fall within a certain range. We were given a target price and a maximum physical size for the sensor. A redesign was done by PerkinElmer and all of the new specs were met. A special computerized tested was designed to perform all 32 tests--quickly. As the product was moved into production, the additional costs were gradually reduced through process design modification and the unit price returned to the original goal--in spite of the large number of changes. Today, the unit price is lower than the original goal and performance has been proven through hundreds of thousands of parts and years of service without a failure. The sensor was designed and demonstrated. It met all design and cost goals. Tooling for the sensor case was committed and, upon completion, pilot production devices were built. However, by the time 12 Standard Optoswitch Selection Guide PACKAGE OUTLINE inch (mm) PART NO. FEATURES PAGE VTR16D1 LED Emitter Phototransistor Detector 24 VTR16E1 LED Emitter Photodarlington Detector 24 VTR17D1 LED Emitter Phototransistor Detector 26 VTR17E1 LED Emitter Photodarlington Detector 26 VTR24F1 LED Emitter Photodarlington Detector Long Sensing Range 28 VTL11D1 VTL11D3 VTL11D7 LED Emitter Phototransistor Detector 34 VTL11D1-20 VTL11D3-20 VTL11D5-20 VTL11D6-20 VTL11D7-20 LED Emitter Phototransistor Detector 20 mil Emitter Aperture 34 VTL13D1 VTL13D3 VTL13D7 LED Emitter Phototransistor Detector 36 VTL13D1-20 VTL13D3-20 VTL13D5-20 VTL13D6-20 VTL13D7-20 LED Emitter Phototransistor Detector 20 mil Emitter Aperture 36 Arrow Retro With PC Board Mount Leads Arrow Retro With Flying Leads "Matchbox" Retro With Flying Leads Slotted Switch With P.C.B. Mount Leads Slotted Switch With Flying Leads 13 Standard Optoswitch Selection Guide PACKAGE OUTLINE inch (mm) PART NO. FEATURES PAGE VTL23D0A21 VTL23D0A22 VTL23D1A00 VTL23D1A22 VTL23D2A00 VTL23D3A00 LED Emitter Phototransistor Detector 38 -- Consult PerkinElmer for Availability of Devices in this Package -- Slotted Switch With P.C.B. Mount Leads Slotted Switch With P.C.B. Mount Leads 14 Optoswitch Typical Applications Why Use Optical Switches? Optical switches are used to provide non-contact motion or position sensing. Typical configurations include: Slotted Switch Retro Sensor An object is detected when it enters the gap of the slotted switch The retro sensor detects the presence of an object by emitting and blocks the light path between the emitter and detector. light and then looking for its reflection off of the object to be sensed. General Characteristics and Features * Contain no mechanical parts to wear-out * Provides non-contact sensing of objects * Low power consumption, compatible with solid state electronics * Low cost * Capable of sensing any opaque object * Small size * Custom mechanical configurations available * Can be specially selected or built to meet the requirements of your particular application 15 Optoswitch Typical Applications Optoswitches are often used in the following applications: Printers and Typewriters Industrial * Paper Sensor * Rotational Speed/Position Detection (Encoder) * Paper Feed Detector * Distance Detection * Imprinting Head Position Detector * Object Sensor * Initial Head Position Detector * Mechanism Position Detection Floppy Disk Drives VHS/VHSC/8 mm VCR * Track Zero Sensor * Tape Start * Index Sensor * Tape Load * Disk-in Sensor * Tape End * Write Protect Sensor * Reel Rotation Vending Machines * Cassette Loading * Coin Sensor Copiers * Detection of Goods * Detect Paper Presence * Mechanism Position * Toner Density Control Facsimiles * Paper Carrier Detection * Original Width Detection * Drum Position Detector * Initial Position Detection * Cassette Size Detection * Final Position Detection * Paper Out Detection 16 Standard Reflective Optoswitches "Arrow" Retro Sensor Reflective Optoswitches Features Product Description * Sealed case -- no dust collection in holes or seams * Built-in infrared transmitting filter * High Sensitivity * Low cost module * Printed circuit board mount or flying leads * Wide sensing range (0-8 mm object to sensor) This series of reflective optical switches combines an infrared emitting diode (IRED) with an NPN phototransistor or photodarlington in a one piece, sealed, IR transmitting plastic case. Sealed construction improves resistance to moisture and debris. Units are available with PC board mounting leads (VTR16D1 and VTR16E1), or 12 inch, #26 AWG flying leads (VTR17D1 and VTR17E1). * Small size (stackable) * Slotted flange for single mounting screw 17 Standard Reflective Optoswitches Notes On Using Reflective Switches In its most basic form, a reflective optical switch (retro) consists of a housing which holds both a light source and a detector. Light from the lamp of LED radiates outward and is reflected back should an object be placed in front of the switch. The reflected light is sensed by the photodetector whose output signal changes accordingly. There are a number of different types of reflective sensors. Designs vary depending upon the application. All have certain characteristics in common. How well they detect an object depends on: 1. Amount of light emitted by the light source. 2. Sensitivity of the photodetector. 3. Distance between the switch and the object being sensed. Sensor Used with a Specular Reflectance Surface. 4. The light reflecting properties of the object. 5. Ambient lighting conditions. 6. The perpendicularity of the reflective surface to the switch. When the object to be sensed has a polished surface, such as aluminum foil or mylar tape, often the best type of reflective switch to use is one which is designed to take advantage of the large amount of directly reflected light. This is done by mounting the emitter and detector such that their optical centers lie along the legs of an isosceles triangle such that the angle of the incidence of the emitter is equal to the angle of reflection. When trying to sense matte objects (which do not have a highly polished surface, such as white paper), it is often possible to use a type of reflective switch optimized for sensing diffuse reflected light. Such devices have the emitter and detector mounted parallel to each other within the switch housing. Sensor Used with a Diffuse Reflectance Surface. Since triangulation is not necessary, the emitter and detector elements can be located very close to each other. This allows for a much smaller package than is usually possible for retros designed to sense specularly reflected light. A retro designed to sense diffused reflected light can be the answer when space is at a premium. 18 Standard Reflective Optoswitches Typical Performance Curves For VTR16 & VTR17 Arrow Retros Output Current vs. Position Output Current vs. Position (Refer To Test Method No. 2 Below) (Refer To Test Method No. 3 Below) LED Forward Voltage Drop Test Method No. 1 Test Method No. 2 19 Test Method No. 3 Standard Reflective Optoswitches Typical Performance Curves (cont.) LED/Phototransistor Sensors LED/Photodarlington Sensors Output vs. Input Current Output vs. Input Current Output Current vs. Distance Output Current vs. Distance (Refer To Test Method No. 1, Page 20) (Refer To Test Method No. 1, Page 20) 20 Standard Reflective Optoswitches Typical Performance Curves (cont.) LED/Phototransistor Sensors LED/Photodarlington Sensors Relative Output vs. Temperature Relative Output vs. Temperature Response Time vs. Load Resistance Response Time vs. Load Resistance 21 Reflective Optoswitch VTR16D1 Arrow Retro with PCB Mount Leads PRODUCT DESCRIPTION This series of reflective optical switches combines an infrared emitting diode (IRED) with an NPN phototransistor (VTR16D1) in a one piece, sealed, IR transmitting plastic case. The sealed construction improves resistance to moisture and debris. Units have PC board mount leads. Refer to VTR17xx for devices with flying leads. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Maximum Temperatures Storage and Operating: Lead Soldering Temperature: -40C to 85C 260C (1.6 mm from case, 5 seconds max.) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ 25C unless otherwise noted) Parameter Symbol Text Conditions Input IRED Output Detector VR IR = 100 A Continuous Forward Current IF Derate 0.73 mA/C above 30C Forward Voltage Drop VF IF = 20 mA Collector Breakdown Voltage VBR(CEO) IC = 100 A 30V Min. Emitter Breakdown Voltage VBR(ECO) IE = 100 A 5.0V Min. Reverse Voltage Power Dissipation PD 2.0V Min. 40 mA Max. 1.8V Max. Derate 0.91 mW/C above 30C 50 mW Max. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS inch (mm) VTR16D SCHEMATIC PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 22 ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS @ 25C (See also curves, pages 19-21) LIGHT CURRENT, IP (2) PART NO. (1) (5) VTR16D1 DARK CURRENT (3) (4) Test Conditions mA Min. 0.3 Test Conditions VCE Volts d inches (mm) A Max. IF mA 20 5 0.10 (2.5) 0.1 IF mA VCE Volts 0 5 OUTPUT ELEMENT DETECTOR DEVICE Phototransistor Notes: 1. The case material is polysulfone and should be cleaned with alcohol or freon TF only. Avoid chlorinated hydrocarbons and solvents such as acetone or toluene, as damage may result. 2. The light current is measured using a 90% reflective surface at the specified distance from Ref. A (refer to Package Dimension Outline on previous page). 3. The dark current is measured with the part totally shielded from ambient light. With 2150 lux (200 fc) from a cool white fluorescent lamp perpendicular to the sensing axis, the detector current will be typically 3 A for VTR16D1. The same illumination concentric to the sensing axis will result in a detector current of 50 A for VTR16D1. Equivalent light from an incandescent lamp will result in significantly greater currents. 4. With the specified IRED forward current and no reflecting surface, the crosstalk is typically less than 3 A for VTR16D1. 5. VTR16D1 accommodates most applications. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 23 Reflective Optoswitch VTR17D1 Arrow Retro with Flying Leads PRODUCT DESCRIPTION This series of reflective optical switches combines an infrared emitting diode (IRED) with an NPN phototransistor (VTR17D1) in a one piece, sealed, IR transmitting plastic case. The sealed construction improves resistance to moisture and debris. Units have 12", #26 AWG leads. Refer to VTR16xx for devices with PC. board mounting leads. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Maximum Temperatures Storage and Operating: Operating Temperature: -40C to 85C -40C to 85C GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ 25C unless otherwise noted) Parameter Symbol Text Conditions Input IRED VR IR = 100 A 2.0V Min. Continuous Forward Current IF Derate 0.73 mA/C above 30C 40 mA Max. Forward Voltage Drop VF IF = 20 mA 1.8V Max. Collector Breakdown Voltage VBR(CEO) IC = 100 A 30V Min. Emitter Breakdown Voltage VBR(ECO) IE = 100 A 5.0V Min. PD Derate 0.91 mW/C above 30C 50 mW Max. Reverse Voltage Power Dissipation Output Detector PACKAGE DIMENSIONS inch (mm) VTR17D SCHEMATIC PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 24 ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS @ 25C (See also curves, pages 19-21) LIGHT CURRENT, IP (2) PART NO. (1) (5) VTR17D1 DARK CURRENT (3) (4) Test Conditions mA Min. 0.3 Test Conditions VCE Volts d inches (mm) A Max. IF mA 20 5 0.10 (2.5) 0.1 IF mA VCE Volts 0 5 OUTPUT ELEMENT DETECTOR DEVICE PHOTOTRANSISTOR Notes: 1. The case material is polysulfone and should be cleaned with alcohol or freon TF only. Avoid chlorinated hydrocarbons and solvents such as acetone or toluene, as damage may result. 2. The light current is measured using a 90% reflective surface at the specified distance from Ref. A (refer to Package Dimension Outline on previous page). 3. The dark current is measured with the part totally shielded from ambient light. With 2150 lux (200 fc) from a cool white fluorescent lamp perpendicular to the sensing axis, the detector current will be typically 3 A for VTR17D1. The same illumination concentric to the sensing axis will result in a detector current of 50 A for VTR17D1. Equivalent light from an incandescent lamp will result in significantly greater currents. 4. With the specified IRED forward current and no reflecting surface, the crosstalk is typically less than 3 A for VTR17D1. 5. VTR17D1 accommodates most applications. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 25 Long Range Retro-reflective Sensor VTR24F1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION FEATURES This retro-reflective sensor combines an infrared emitting diode and a unique photodarlington output to provide high sensitivity while rejecting ambient light. It has a very long sensing range (up to 4 inches) compared to ordinary retros. * Low Cost * Small Package Size * Long Sensing Range (up to 4 inches) * Detects Low/Diffuse Reflectance Surfaces The output of this sensor is activated when a reflective surface is brought into its field of view. The sensor housing is molded polycarbonate with a slotted flange for easy mounting. SPECIFICATIONS @ 25C Parameter Output Current IF = 20 mA Ambient Sensitivity Crosstalk IF = 0 (5) mA (1) (2) IF = 20 mA (3) Output Saturation Voltage IF = 20 mA (1) IP = 10 mA Symbol Min. Typ. IP 6 15 Max. Units mA IA 30 100 A ICX 5 30 A VSAT 0.9 1.2 V NOTES 1. Distance to 90% reflectance paper = 0.6", VCE = 5V. 2. 100 fc fluorescent light incident upon target surface. 3. No target surface. 4. Referenced to optical centerline of sensor, VCE = 5V, IF = 20 mA. 5. Distance to 90% reflectance paper = 2.0", VCE = 5V. TYPICAL TRIP POINT PERFORMANCE (4) PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 26 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS @ 25C UNLESS NOTED Parameter Symbol Rating Units Operating TA -40 to +85 C Storage TS -40 to +85 C IF 40 mA IR Emitter PD EMITTER 75 mW IR Detector Temperature Range Continuous Emitter Current Output Power Dissipation (derate 1.36 mW/C above 30C) PD DETECTOR 75 mW Emitter Reverse Voltage VR 2.0 V Detector Voltage VCE 30 V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES @ 25C Output Current vs. Sensing Distance PACKAGE DIMENSIONS inches (mm) Schematic Specifications subject to change without prior notice. Information supplied by PerkinElmer Optoelectronics is believed to be reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. The user should determine the suitability of this product in his own application. No patent rights are granted to any devices or circuits described herein. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 27 Standard Transmissive Optoswitches Slotted Switch Transmissive Optoswitches Features Product Description * 0.125" (3.18 mm) slot * Phototransistor output * Industry standard PC Board mount or flying leads * TTL compatible * .005, .010, or .020 inch apertures (VTL11D & VTL13D) * .010, .020, or .040 inch apertures (VTL23D) This series of interrupter type optical switches combines an infrared emitting diode (IRED) with an NPN phototransistor. Units are available in two different case styles, wither a one piece, sealed, IR transmitting plastic case (VTL11 and VTL13 series), or an opaque case (VTL23 series). Options also include apertures over detector and/or emitter, and either PC board mount leads or 12 inch, #26 AWG leads (VTL13 only). 28 Standard Transmissive Optoswitches Notes On Using Slotted Switches Response Time Effects of External Light Response time is determined by the output device. The more sensitive switches have higher sensitivity transistors which have slower response as is shown in the response time graphs. The response is much slower with high value load resistors. To provide a suitable low resistance termination for fastest response, use an external NPN transistor for current gain. Quoted response time curves are for non-saturated switching. An IR transmitting plastic is used for the housing, providing a sealed and seamless surface in the light path. Only visible light is absorbed by the housing. Radiation with wavelengths longer than 750 nm is transmitted. Fluorescent lamps primarily produce visible light and the case provides adequate shielding for this source of stray light. However, incandescent or sunlight contains significant amounts of long wavelength light and will cause a substantial increase in collector current. For these environments, the interrupting vane should be designed to block light from the IRED, as well as shield the detector from external stray light sources. In extreme cases, the slotted photoswitch may have to be mounted in a light shielding enclosure. Effects of Apertures on Position Resolution Apertures can be installed inside the case to sense vane position with higher resolution. Naturally, apertures also reduce output current signal levels. The adjacent curves show how collector current varies as a thin vane is inserted into the center of the slot of these optoswitches with no aperture, with various apertures on the detector side only, and with apertures on both emitter and detector sides. When the vane is passed very close to the detector side, some improvement in sharpness of change in collector current is made. If the vane is close to the emitter side, performance is degraded. The major improvement in position sensitivity, %/d, is obtained with apertures on both emitter and detector sides, but at the expense of decreased output signal. Position sensing resolution is only slightly increased as the aperture width is directly reduced. With very small apertures on both emitter and detector, stray light may become a significant portion of the signal. Stray light may originate from external sources or from light piping through the plastic housing. The major improvement in performance is obtained with an .020 inch aperture on the emitter side. Additional marginal improvements are obtained by adding smaller apertures on the detector side. When apertures are used on both the emitter and detector sides, performance variations as the interrupting vane or wheel wobbles from sideto-side in the slot are minimized. 29 Standard Transmissive Optoswitches Typical Performance Curves LED Forward Voltage Drop Dark Current vs. Temperature (Referred TO 25C) Relative Output vs. Input Current Output Current vs. Temperature (Referred TO 20 mA Input Current) (Referred TO 25C) 30 Standard Transmissive Optoswitches Typical Performance Curves (cont.) Response Time vs. Load Resistance Response Time vs. Load Resistance (VTL11D & VTL13D) (VTL23D) 31 Transmissive Optoswitch VTL11D1 - D7 Slotted Switch -- 0.395 High PRODUCT DESCRIPTION This series of interrupter type transmissive optoswitches combines an infrared emitting diode (IRED) with an NPN phototransistor in a one piece, sealed, IR transmitting plastic case. The sealed construction improves resistance to debris and moisture. Internal apertures over detector and/or emitter are available to increase position sensing resolution. These devices are furnished with PC board mount leads. Refer to VTL13 for devices with flying leads. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Maximum Temperatures Storage and Operating: Lead Soldering Temperature: -40C to 85C 260C (1.6 mm from case, 5 seconds max.) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ 25C unless otherwise noted) Parameter Symbol Text Conditions Input IRED VR IR = 100 A 2.0V Min. Continuous Forward Current IF Derate 0.73 mA/C above 30C 40 mA Max. Forward Voltage Drop VF IF = 20 mA 1.8V Max. Collector Breakdown Voltage VBR(CEO) IC = 100 A 30V Min. Emitter Breakdown Voltage VBR(ECO) IC = 100 A 5.0V Min. PD Derate 0.91 mW/C above 30C 50 mW Max. Reverse Voltage Power Dissipation Output Detector PACKAGE DIMENSIONS inch (mm) PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 32 ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS @ 25C (See also curves, pages 30 & 31) DARK CURRENT (1) LIGHT CURRENT, IP PART NO. (4) Test Conditions mA Min. SATURATION VOLTAGE Test Conditions nA Max. IF mA VCE Volts Test Conditions APERTURE COMBINATION (2) Volts Max. IF mA VCE Volts IF mA IC mA Emitter Detector VTL11D1 0.5 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 None None VTL11D1-20 0.15 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 .020" Wide None VTL11D3 2.0 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 1.8 None None VTL11D3-20 0.6 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 1.8 .020" Wide None VTL11D5-20 0.15 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 .020" Wide .010" Wide VTL11D6-20 0.075 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 .020" Wide .005" Wide VTL11D7 0.75 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 VTL11D7-20 0.225 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 None .020" Wide .020" Wide .020" Wide Notes: 1. The dark current is measured with the part totally shielded from ambient light. With 2150 lux (200 fc) from a cool white fluorescent lamp falling on the part, the typical dark current will be 3 A for VTL11D devices. Equivalent light from an incandescent lamp will result in significantly greater currents. 2. The apertures used for these slotted switches are .040" (1.02 mm) high. 3. The case material is polysulfone and should be cleaned with alcohol or freon TF only. Avoid chlorinated hydrocarbons and solvents such as acetone or toluene, as damage may result. 4. VTL11D7-20 accommodates most applications. The other parts in this series are available only for specialized, high volume applications. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 33 Transmissive Optoswitch VTL13D1 - D7 Slotted Switch -- 0.395 High PRODUCT DESCRIPTION This series of interrupter type transmissive optoswitches combines an infrared emitting diode (IRED) with an NPN phototransistor in a one piece, sealed, IR transmitting plastic case. The sealed construction improves resistance to debris and moisture. Internal apertures over detector and/or emitter are available to increase position sensing resolution. These devices are furnished with 12 inch, #26 AWG leads. Refer to VTL11 for devices with P.C.B. mount leads. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Maximum Temperatures Storage and Operating: Operating Temperature: -40C to 85C -40C to 85C GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ 25C unless otherwise noted) Parameter Symbol Text Conditions Input IRED Reverse Voltage VR IR = 100 A 2.0V Min. Continuous Forward Current IF Derate 0.73 mA/C above 30C 40 mA Max. 1.8V Max. Output Detector VF IF = 20 mA Collector Breakdown Voltage VBR(CEO) IC = 100 A Emitter Breakdown Voltage VBR(ECO) IC = 100 A 5.0V Min. PD Derate 0.91 mW/C above 30C 50 mW Max. Forward Voltage Drop Power Dissipation 30V Min. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS inch (mm) PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 34 ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS @ 25C (See also curves, pages 30 & 31) DARK CURRENT (1) LIGHT CURRENT, IP PART NO. (4) Test Conditions mA Min. SATURATION VOLTAGE Test Conditions nA Max. IF mA VCE Volts Test Conditions APERTURE COMBINATION (2) Volts Max. IF mA VCE Volts IF mA IC mA Emitter Detector VTL13D1 0.5 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 None None VTL13D1-20 0.15 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 .020" Wide None VTL13D3 2.0 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 1.8 None None VTL13D3-20 0.6 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 1.8 .020" Wide None VTL13D5-20 0.15 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 .020" Wide .010" Wide VTL13D6-20 0.075 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 .020" Wide .005" Wide VTL13D7 0.75 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 None .020" Wide VTL13D7-20 0.225 20 5 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.25 .020" Wide .020" Wide Notes: 1. The dark current is measured with the part totally shielded from ambient light. With 2150 lux (200 fc) from a cool white fluorescent lamp falling on the part, the typical dark current will be 3 A for VTL13D devices. Equivalent light from an incandescent lamp will result in significantly greater currents. 2. The apertures used for these slotted switches are .040" (1.02 mm) high. 3. The case material is polysulfone and should be cleaned with alcohol or freon TF only. Avoid chlorinated hydrocarbons and solvents such as acetone or toluene, as damage may result. 4. VTL13D7-20 accommodates most applications. The other parts in this series are available only for specialized, high volume applications. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 35 Transmissive Optoswitch VTL23DxA Series Slotted Switch -- 0.425 High PRODUCT DESCRIPTION This series of interrupter type transmissive optoswitches combines an infrared emitting diode (IRED) with an NPN phototransistor in an opaque plastic case with two mounting tabs. Visible light blocking dust covers are provided over the .04" (1.0 mm) wide moldedin apertures. Smaller width external aperture covers are available to increase position sensing resolution. These devices are furnished with P.C.board mount leads. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Maximum Temperatures Storage and Operating: Lead Soldering Temperature: -40C to 85C 260C (1.6 mm from case, 5 seconds max.) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ 25C unless otherwise noted) Parameter Symbol Text Conditions Input IRED VR IR = 100 A 2.0V Min. Continuous Forward Current IF Derate 0.73 mA/C above 30C 40 mA Max. Forward Voltage Drop VF IF = 20 mA 1.8V Max. Collector Breakdown Voltage VBR(CEO) IC = 100 A 30V Min. Emitter Breakdown Voltage VBR(ECO) IC = 100 A 3.0V Min. PD Derate 0.91 mW/C above 30C 50 mW Max. Reverse Voltage Power Dissipation Output Detector PACKAGE DIMENSIONS inch (mm) PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 36 ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS @ 25C (See also curves, pages 30 & 31) DARK CURRENT (1) LIGHT CURRENT, IP PART NO. (4) Test Conditions mA Min. SATURATION VOLTAGE Test Conditions nA Max. IF mA VCE Volts Test Conditions Volts Max. IF mA VCE Volts IF mA IC mA EMITTER/DETECTOR APERTURE WIDTH (Aperture Length is .075") VTL23D0A21 0.2 20 10 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.1 .020" EMIT./.010" DET. VTL23D0A22 0.2 20 10 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.1 .020" EMIT. & DET. VTL23D1A00 0.5 20 10 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.4 .040" EMIT. & DET. VTL23D1A22 0.5 20 10 100 0 10 0.4 20 0.4 .020" EMIT. & DET. VTL23D2A00 2.5 20 10 100 0 10 0.6 20 1.8 .040" EMIT. & DET. (2) VTL23D3A00 1.0 10 10 100 0 10 0.4 10 0.8 .040" EMIT. & DET. (2) Notes: 1. The dark current is measured with the part totally shielded from ambient light. 2. Contains a visible light blocking dust cover over the apertures. 3. The plastic case can be damaged by chlorinated hydrocarbons and ketones. Methanol isopropanol alcohols are recommended as cleaning agents. 4. VTL23D1A22 accommodates most applications. The other parts in this series are available only for specialized, high volume applications. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, 10900 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 USA Phone: 314-423-4900 Fax: 314-423-3956 Web: www.perkinelmer.com/opto 37 PerkinElmer Optoelectronics Warranty Statement PerkinElmer Optoelectronics warrants that all items sold will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of one year from the date of shipment. If PerkinElmer Optoelectronics receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, PerkinElmer Optoelectronics shall, at its option, repair or replace any defective components or credit the purchaser's account with the purchase price paid. This warranty shall not apply to items that have been (a) subject to misuse, neglect, accident, damage in transit, abuse or unusual hazard; (b) altered, modified or repaired by anyone other than PerkinElmer Optoelectronics; or (c) used in violation of instructions furnished by PerkinElmer Optoelectronics. The Buyer should contact PerkinElmer Optoelectronics for a return authorization number prior to shipping returned parts. The specific PerkinElmer Optoelectronics' products shown in this catalog are not authorized or recommended for use as critical components in life support systems or in surgical implant devices wherein a failure or malfunction of the PerkinElmer Optoelectronics product may directly threaten life or cause personal injury. The Buyer agrees to notify PerkinElmer Optoelectronics of any such intended application and to proceed only after receiving the expressed written approval of an officer of PerkinElmer Optoelectronics. Additionally, the user of PerkinElmer Optoelectronics components in life support or implant applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies PerkinElmer Optoelectronics against all damages. In order to provide the best possible products, PerkinElmer Optoelectronics reserves the right to change specifications without prior notice. Information supplied in PerkinElmer Optoelectronics' catalogs, data sheets, and other literature, and information supplied by PerkinElmer Optoelectronics' technical support personnel is believed to be reliable, however, PerkinElmer Optoelectronics cannot assume responsibility for omissions, errors, or misapplication of this information. It is the responsibility of the Buyer to determine the suitability of PerkinElmer Optoelectronics/ products and recommendations in his own specific application, particularly when the products are operated at or near their maximum rating specifications. No license is granted by implication or otherwise of any patent, copyright, or trademark right of PerkinElmer Optoelectronics or others. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics' warranty, as stated above, shall not be affected or changed by, and no obligation or liability shall grow out of, PerkinElmer Optoelectronics' providing technical advice or service to the Buyer. PERKINELMER OPTOELECTRONICS MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AND EXPRESSLY EXCLUDES AND DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE THE BUYER'S SOLE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. PERKINELMER OPTOELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY LEGAL THEORY. PERKINELMER OPTOELECTRONICS' LIABILITY ON ANY CLAIM SHALL IN NO CASE EXCEED THE PRICE ALLOCABLE TO THE ITEM WHICH GIVES RISE TO THE CLAIM. Quality Statement PerkinElmer Optoelectronics' business is the design, development, and production of optoelectronic components and assemblies. Our development and manufacturing activities focus on achieving and maintaining consistent product quality and high levels of reliability. PerkinElmer produces devices and assemblies for the commercial, industrial, automotive, and medical markets. PerkinElmer's commitment to quality emphasizes designed-in quality, problem prevention, and closed loop corrective action. This concept of quality is implemented through the use of fully documented procedures, inprocess monitoring and process control (including SPC), and 100% production testing of devices using state-ofthe-art automated test equipment. As a world class manufacturer, PerkinElmer's concept of product quality includes Total Quality Management (TQM) and Just In Time (JIT) delivery. Quality is a measure of how well a device conforms to its specifications. Reliability is a measure of how well a device performs over time. PerkinElmer insures the reliability of its products by careful design and by the periodic testing of random samples taken from the manufacturing lines. Reliability tests include temperature cycles, thermal shock, room ambient life tests, elevated temperature life tests, high and low temperature storage, temperature/humidity tests, and water immersion. PerkinElmer also performs special tests covering a wide range of environmental and life stress conditions to support non-standard, custom applications. The information generated not only assures the customer that the device will work well in a particular application, but also contributes to our data base for continual product improvement. Driven by our goal of continuous improvement and the needs of customers, PerkinElmer runs an active product improvement program. PerkinElmer continuously evaluates new materials, manufacturing processes, and packaging systems in order to provide our customers with the best possible product. PerkinElmer's quality works: we are an ISO 9000 and QS 9000 certified supplier (ship to stock - no inspection required) to a number of major customers. Additional Sensor Products Catalogs USA: PerkinElmer Optoelectronics 10900 Page Avenue St. Louis, MO 63132 Phone: (314) 423-4900 Fax: (314) 423-3956 Europe: PerkinElmer Optoelectronics Wenzel-Jaksch-Str. 31 D-65199 Wiesbaden Germany Phone: +49 611 492 0 Fax: +49 611 492 170 Asia: PerkinElmer Optoelectronics Room 1404, Kodak House II 39 Healthy Street East North Point, Hong Kong Phone: 852 2590 0238 Fax: 852 2590 0513 (c) 2001 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. . CA-275 Rev A 1001 w w w. p e r k i n e l m e r. c o m / o p t o