QUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 326C 1.5A, 200KHZ HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER LT1766EFE DESCRIPTION Demonstration circuit 326C is a monolithic step-down DC/DC switching converter featuring the LT1766EFE. The board is optimized for 5V output at up to 1A load current and a steady state input voltage range of 6V to 60V. With its wide input voltage range, 1.5A internal power switch, 200kHz switching frequency and thermally enhanced package, the LT1766EFE is a very versatile and powerful IC for DC/DC converters that require compact space, high efficiency and tolerance to high input voltage transients. The LT1766EFE 200kHz switching frequency allows all of the components to be small, surface mount devices. Synchronization with an external clock of up to 700kHz is possible. The current-mode control topology creates fast transient response and good loop stability with a minimum number of external components. The low resistance internal power switch (0.2) achieves high efficiencies of up to 90%. The SHDN pin can be used to program undervoltage lockout or place the part in micropower shutdown, reducing supply current to 25A by driving the pin low. The LT1766EFE datasheet gives a complete description of the part, operation and applications information. The datasheet must be read in conjunction with this Quick Start Guide for demonstration circuit 326C. In particular, the datasheet section on `Thermal Calculations' is important for estimating whether a given application's combination of input voltage, load current and frequency will cause the LT1766EFE to exceed it's absolute maximum rated junction temperature. The LT1766EFE is assembled in a small 16-pin thermally enhanced package with exposed pad where proper board layout is essential for maximum thermal performance. See the datasheet section `Layout Considerations'. Design files for this circuit board are available. Call the LTC factory. Table 1. Typical Performance Summary (TA = 25C) PARAMETER CONDITION VALUE Steady State Input Voltage Range VOUT = 5V, IOUT 1A 6-60V Maximum Transient Input Voltage 60V VOUT VIN = 6V to 60V, IOUT 1A 5V 3% Maximum Output Current VOUT = 5V 1A VIN = 12V, IOUT = 1A, VOUT = 5V 20mVPK-PK VIN = 48V, IOUT = 1A, VOUT = 5V 32mVPK-PK VIN = 6V to 60V, IOUT 1A 200kHz VIN = 12V, IOUT = 1A, VOUT = 5V 87% VIN = 48V, IOUT = 1A, VOUT = 5V 80% Output Voltage Ripple Switching Frequency Efficiency 1 QUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 326C 1.5A, 200KHZ HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER QUICK START PROCEDURE Demonstration circuit 326C is easy to set up to evaluate the performance of the LT1766EFE. Refer to Figure 1 for proper measurement equipment setup and follow the procedure below: NOTE: Make sure that the input voltage does not exceed 60V. NOTE: The synchronization and shutdown functions are optional and their pins can be left floating (disconnected) if their functions are not being used. NOTE: Do not hot-plug the input voltage terminal VIN. The absolute maximum voltage on VIN is 60V and hotplugging a power supply through wire leads to the demonstration circuit can cause the voltage on the extremely low-ESR ceramic input capacitor to ring to twice its DC value. This is due to high currents instantaneously generated in the inductive supply leads from an input voltage step on the low-ESR ceramic input capacitor. A bulky higher-ESR capacitor, and an additional inductive filter can be added to the circuit to dampen hot-plug transient ringing. See Application Note 88 for more details. 1. Connect the power supply (with power off), load and meters as shown in Figure 1. 2. After all connections are made, turn on input power and verify that the output voltage is 5V. NOTE: If the output voltage is too low, temporarily dis- connect the load to make sure that the load is not set too high. 3. Once the proper output voltages are established, ad- just the loads within the operating range and observe the output voltage regulation, ripple voltage, efficiency and other parameters. Figure 1. Proper Measurement Equipment Setup CUSTOM OPTIONS OUTPUT VOLTAGE The components assembled on the board are optimized for a wide input voltage range and a 5V output. The feedback resistors (R2, R3) can be changed to adjust the output voltage according to the following equation: VOUT = 1.22 (1 + R2/R3) The Thevenin equivalent resistance seen at the FB pin should be less than 3.8k to maximize frequency foldback during start-up and short-circuit. For output voltages below 3V, the boost diode should be moved from D2 to D3 to provide at least the minimum boost voltage required for the internal power switch. Make sure that the boost capacitor (C4) has a voltage rating (1) greater than the output voltage (when the boost diode is placed in D2) or (2) greater than the input voltage (when the boost diode is placed in position D3). For output voltages greater than 5V, the optional `blocking' zener diode D4 can be used to reduce the boost voltage across C4 to some lower voltage between 3V and 5V. The diode transfers power dissipation from inside the LT1766EFE to the diode on the demonstration circuit, outside the LT1766EFE, allowing higher ambient temperature operation of the part. Maintaining boost voltage between 3V and 5V maximizes efficiency and 2 QUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 326C 1.5A, 200KHZ HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER optimizes control of the power switch. It is recommended that a CMHZ5236B zener diode is used in D4 when VOUT = 12V. To properly install D4, the small trace shorting the anode to the cathode of D4 on the board must be opened (an Exacto knife works well) before D4 is soldered to the board. In the `Thermal Calculations' section of the datasheet, the new value for boost voltage (VOUT - VZ) should be accounted for when calculating junction temperature. PDISS(BOOST) = (VOUT - VZ)*(ISW/36)*VOUT/VIN CERAMIC OUTPUT CAPACITOR The output capacitor (C5) is a 100F tantalum 10V AVX TPS series with 100m ESR. This tantalum capacitor has low ESR, resulting in low output voltage ripple (20mVPK-PK with 12VIN, 5VOUT, 1A load current). For even lower output voltage ripple, a ceramic output capacitor can be used because the ceramic output capacitor will have much lower ESR than the tantalum. A 47F, 6.3V X5R or better ceramic capacitor can be used in place of C5 for solutions with 5VOUT or below. R1, C1, and C2 (and C8) may need to be adjusted to optimize control loop stability for different types of output capacitors and different output voltages. The 3.3VOUT ceramic output capacitor solution in Figure 6 has 15mVPK-PK output voltage ripple with 12VIN and 1A load current. For more details, see the `Output Capacitor' and `Ceramic Capacitors' sections of the Applications Data in the datasheet. COMPENSATION Demonstration circuit 326C has a frequency compensation network that is optimized for the tantalum output capacitor C5, the wide input voltage range 6V to 60V, and 5V output. Improved loop bandwidth can be achieved for various output voltages, output capacitors, and input voltage ranges by adjusting R1, C1, and C2. Additional optional component locations for a feedforward capacitor (C8) and a resistor (R4 for short circuit feedback pin protection when C8 is used) are located in parallel with R2. For more information, see the `Frequency Compensation' section in the Applications Information in the datasheet, Application Note 19, or Application Note 76. SOFT START When the ratio of the input voltage divided by the output voltage (plus the forward voltage of the catch diode) is greater than ten VIN/(VOUT + VF) > 10 the soft start circuit made up of components C9, R5, R6, and Q1 should be used to control inductor current during startup. The soft start circuit is also useful for controlling output voltage rise time and overshoot without affecting transient response performance during normal operation of the converter. The soft start circuit is covered in detail in `Buck Converter with Adjustable Soft Start' in the datasheet. 3 QUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 326C 1.5A, 200KHZ HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER 8VIN 100% 90% 12VIN 24VIN 48VIN 80% EFFICIENCY (%) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 500 1 .0 k 1 .5 k LO A D C U R R E N T (m A ) Figure 2. DC326C Typical Efficiency (TA = 25C) Figure 3. DC326C Typical Step Load Response (IOUT = 500mA to 1A, VIN = 12V, TA = 25C, VOUT = 5V) CH3 is VOUT (AC) 4 QUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 326C 1.5A, 200KHZ HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER Figure 4. DC326C Typical Output Voltage Ripple (IOUT = 1A, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, TA = 25C) CH3 is VOUT ripple, CH1 is VSW Figure 5. Typical Output Voltage Ripple of Ceramic Output Capacitor Solution in Figure 6 (IOUT = 1A, VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, TA = 25C) CH1 is Vsw, CH3 is VOUT ripple 5 QUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 326C 1.5A, 200KHZ HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER Figure 6. 8VIN to 40VIN, 3.3VOUT, 1AOUT All-Ceramic Capacitor Solution with 3.0mm Maximum Height 6 QUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 326C 1.5A, 200KHZ HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER 7 5 4 3 2 1 D D VIN GND SHDN OPT E2 E3 SYNC E4 BOOST OPT C3 2.2uF 100V 1812 3 SOD123 4 6 NC VIN BOOST SHDN 15 SYNC SHDN SW 2 14 SYNC NC 5 7 13 C 1 8 U1 LT1766EFE NC NC GND GND BIAS FB GND GND 9 16 L1 47uH 1 SW 12 R2 15.4k 1% FB 11 + C5 100uF 10V 7343 C9 OPT VOUT 5V@1A C6 0.47uF, 25V OPT 0805 C C8 OPT E6 GND R6 OPT 3 C1 220pF 1 Q1 MMBT2222A OPT R5 OPT B CONTRACT NO. NOTE: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED APPROVALS 1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS, 0603. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN MICROFARADS, 0603. 2. ALL OPTIONAL COMPONENTS WILL HAVE NO COMPONENT OUTLINE ON BOARD EXCEP Q1, R5, R6, AND C9. DRAWN: CHECKED: APPROVED: ENGINEER: KEITH S. DESIGNER: TECHNOLOGY KIM T. 3 1630 McCarthy Blvd. Milpitas, CA 95035 Phone: (408)432-1900 Fax: (408)434-0507 LTC Confidential-For Customer Use Only TITLE: SCHEMATIC A 1.5A, 200kHz HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER SIZE DWG NO. A DATE: 4 SUMIDA CDRH104R-470 R3 4.99k 1% 2 C2 0.022uF 5 E5 VC R1 3.3k A R4 OPT VOUT 2 D1 10MQ060N SMA 10 VC B OPT C4 0.33uF 16V 1 + C7 D4 CMHZ5236B 2 1 D2 1N4148W 1 2 2 E1 VIN 6V -60V D3 1N4148W 2 1 DC326C-1 * LT1766EFE Thursday, April 24, 2003 2 REV SHEET 1 1 C OF 1 BILL OF MATERIALS DC326C-1 Linear Technology Corporation LT1766EFE 6/16/2005 12:43 PM 1.5A, 200kHz HIGH VOLTAGE BUCK CONVERTER ENG: KEITH SZOLUSHA Item Qty Reference 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 4 4 Part Description C1 CAP, NPO 220pF 25V 10% C2 CAP, X7R 0.022uF 16V 10% C3 CAP, X7R 2.2uF 100V, 80%, 1812 C4 CAP, X5R 0.33uF 10V 10% C5 CAP, TANT. 100uF 10V 20%, 7343 C6 CAP, Y5V 0.47uF 25V, 80% C7 CAP, C SIZE, 6032 C8,C9 CAP, 0603 D1 DIODE SCHOTTKY,1.5A, 60V,SMA-DIODE D2 DIODE, 200mA, 100V, SOD123 D3 DIODE, 200mA, 100V, SOD123 D4 DIODE ZENER, SOD123 E1-E6 TP, TURRET, .094" L1 IND, SMT, 47uH, L-CDRH104R Q1 TRANS, MMBT2222A, SOT23 R1 RES, 3.3k 5%, 0603 R2 RES, 15.4k 1%, 0603 R3 RES, 4.99k 1%, 0603 R4,R5,R6 RES, 0603 U1 IC, LT1766EFE, TSSOPFE16 MTG HOLES AT 4 CORNERS STANDOFF, NYLON HEX #4-40 x 1/4" SCREW, #4-40 x 1/4 Manufacture / Part # AVX, 06033A221KAT1A AVX, 0603YC223KAT1A TDK, C4532X7R2A225K AVX, 0603ZD334KAT1A AVX, TPSD107M010R0100 OPT OPT OPT IR, 10MQ060N DIODES INC., 1N4148W DIODES INC., 1N4448W CENTRAL SEMI., CMHZ5236B MILL-MAX, 2501-2 SUMIDA, CDRH104R-470NC DIODES INC., MMBT2222A-7 AAC, CR16-332JM AAC, CR16-1542FM AAC, CR16-4991FM OPT LINEAR TECH., LT1766EFE MICRO PLASTICS, #14HTSP101 ANY NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS. 2. INSTALL 4 STANDOFFS AT 4 CORNERS OF BOARD AND ON THE BOTTOM SIDE. Page 1 - of - 1 (OPT) (OPT) (OPT)