L9848 Octal configurable low/high side driver Features Configurable up to 6 high side drivers RDSON = max.1.5 @ Tj = 25 C Current limit of each output at min. 0.8 A Supply voltage 4.75 V to 5.25 V Output voltage clamping min. 35 V (low side mode) Output voltage clamping -30 V (high side mode) SO-28 SPI interface for data communication Additional PWM inputs for 2 outputs Thermal shutdown for all outputs Open load detection in off mode Reverse battery protection for outputs (amb) Ground disconnection for high side configured outputs In addition, 2 outputs are capable of being PWMed via an external pin (outputs 5-6). The integrated standard serial peripheral interface (SPI) controls all outputs and provides diagnostic information. Description The L9848 IC is a highly flexible monolithic medium current output driver that incorporates 2 dedicated low side outputs (outputs 7-8) and 6 outputs that can be used as either internal low or high side drives in any combination (outputs 1-6). Table 1. Integrated clamping circuits, waveshaping, protection against positive and negative voltage transients and thermal shutdown for all outputs open a wide range of automotive and industrial applications Device summary Order code Package Packing L9848 SO-28 Tube November 2008 Rev 5 1/27 www.st.com 1 Contents L9848 Contents 1 Block diagram and pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 2.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Operation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 Electrical characteristcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4.2 AC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.1 General features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2 Outputs - Common characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2.1 Output 1-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2.2 Output 5-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2.3 Output7-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.3 Main power input (VDD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.4 Discrete inputs (IN5-6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5 Serial peripheral interface (SPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5.1 Serial data output (DO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.5.2 Serial data input (DI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.5.3 Chip select (CS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.5.4 Serial clock (SCLK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.6 SPI DI input command register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.7 Fault operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.8 2/27 2.4.1 3.7.1 Initial fault register SPI Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.7.2 Incandescent lamp outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Configuration for Output1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.8.1 Low side drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.8.2 High side drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.9 DRN1-6 susceptibility to negative voltage transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.10 Thermal shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.11 Charge pump usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 L9848 Contents 3.12 Waveshaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.13 POR register initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.14 Abnormal voltage conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.14.1 Reverse Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.14.2 Maximum negative transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.14.3 Ground offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.14.4 Loss of ground operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4 Functional block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5 Application examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 7 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3/27 List of tables L9848 List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. 4/27 Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Operation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Electrical characteristcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 AC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Bit command register definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Command register logic definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Fault register definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Fault logic definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 L9848 List of figures List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pin connection (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 DO loading for disable time measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Output loading for slew rate measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Output turn on/off delays and slew rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 SPI input/output slew ratest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 SPI timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 L9848 with external components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 L9848 as mirror axis control motor drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 L9848 as mirror motor and bulb driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 L9848 as window lift relay and mirror motor driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 L9848 as bipolar stepper motor driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 L9848 driving approach for 3 bipolar stepper-motors in sequential mode for climate applications as window lift relay and mirror motor driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 SO-28 mechanical data and package dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5/27 Block diagram and pin description 1 L9848 Block diagram and pin description Figure 1. Block diagram VDD=5V DRN1 SRC1 SCLK SPI DO DRN2 Gate Driver Interface Di CS SRC2 DRN3 SRC3 DRN4 SRC4 PWM IN5 1 PWM IN6 1 DRN5 SRC5 DRN6 SRC6 DRN7 DRN8 SO-28 Prepared by G. Bober, July 5, 2001 Figure 2. System Competence Center Automotive AutomotiveGND Business Unit Europe Pin connection (top view) GND 1 28 DO VDD 2 27 N.C. DRN8 3 26 DRN7 SRC2 4 25 SCR4 DRN2 5 24 DRN4 SRC1 6 23 SRC3 DRN1 7 22 DRN3 N.C. 8 21 N.C. IN6 9 20 IN5 SRC6 10 19 SRC5 DRN6 11 18 DRN5 N.C. 12 17 N.C. N.C. 13 16 CS SCLK 14 15 DI SO-28 6/27 (R) Page 9 L9848 Block diagram and pin description Table 2. Pin description N Pin Description 1 GND Analog ground 2 VDD 5V supply input 3 DRN8 Drain of low side driver #8 4 SRC2 Source of configurable driver #2 5 DRN2 Drain of configurable driver #2 6 SRC1 Source of configurable driver #1 7 DRN1 Drain of configurable driver #1 8 NC Not connected 9 IN6 PWM input for driver #6 10 SRC6 Source of configurable driver #6 11 DRN6 Drain of configurable driver #6 12 NC Not connected 13 NC Not connected 14 SCLK 15 DI SPI data in 16 CS SPI chip select (active high) 17 NC Not connected 18 DRN5 Drain of configurable driver #5 19 SRC5 Source of configurable driver #5 20 IN5 PWM input for driver #5 21 NC Not connected 22 DRN3 Drain of configurable driver #3 23 SRC3 Source of configurable driver #3 24 DRN4 Drain of configurable driver #4 25 SRC4 Source of configurable driver #4 26 DRN7 Drain of low side driver #7 27 NC Not connected 28 DO SPI data out SPI serial clock input 7/27 Electrical specifications L9848 2 Electrical specifications 2.1 Absolute maximum ratings Warning: Table 3. For voltages and currents applied externally to the device. This part may be irreparably damaged if taken outside the specified absolute maximum rating range Absolute maximum ratings Symbol VDD Parameter Value Unit Supply voltage -0.3 to 7.0 V Data lines voltages -0.3 to 7.0 V Input voltages -0.3 to 7.0 V Output DC voltages -13.5 to 40 V Pin voltages VCS, VDI, VDO, VSCLK VIN5, VIN6 VSRC1 - VSRC8 (1) VDRN1 - VDRN6 Output DC voltages VSRC1 - VSRC8 Output transient voltages -20 to 40 V VDRN1 - VDRN6 Output transient voltages -20 to 60 V 60 mJ Eout 1-8 Max. dissipation energy (@ 300mA) -13.5 to 60 V 1. Internally limited. 2.2 Operation conditions Warning: Table 4. This part may not operate if taken outside the maximum ratings. Once the condition is returned to within the specified maximum rating or the power is re-cycled, the part will recover with no damage or degradation. Operation conditions Symbol 8/27 Parameter VDD Supply voltage VBatt Battery supply voltage Iout Output current (channel 1-8) Tj Junction temperature Value Unit 4.75 to 5.25 V 9 to 18 V 350 mA -40 to 150 C L9848 2.3 Electrical specifications Thermal data Table 5. Thermal data Symbol Tst Storage temperature Thermal resistance junction to ambient Rth(j-a) Rth(j-a) 1. Parameter Thermal resistance junction to ambient (1) Value Unit -65 to 150 C max. 70 C/W max. 50 C/W 2 With 6cm on board heatsink area. 2.4 Electrical characteristcs 2.4.1 DC characteristics Table 6. Electrical characteristcs (Tj = -40C to 150C, VDD = 4.75 Vdc to 5.25 Vdc, VBatt=9 V to 18 V, unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter VIN5,6(ih) VIN5,6(il) IN5, 6 input voltage IIN5,6(il) IIN5,6(ih) IN5, 6 input current VCS(ih) VCS(il) CS input voltage ICS(il) ICS(ih) CS input current VSCLK(ih) VSCLK(il) SCLK input voltage ISCLK(il) ISCLK(ih) SCLK input current Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 2.0 V V |10| 100 A A 2.0 V V |10| 100 A A 2.0 V V |10| |10| A A 2.0 V V |10| |10| A A 4.5 6 mA 2.0 5.0 mA 0.4 V V |10| |10| A A 0.8 VIN5,6 = 0Vdc VIN5,6 = VDD 30 0.8 VCS = 0Vdc VCS = VDD 30 0.8 VSCLK = 0Vdc VSCLK = VDD VDI(ih) VDI(il) DI input voltage IDI((il) IDI((ih) DI input current VDI = 0Vdc VDI = VDD IVDD VDD current All outputs ON IVDD VDD current All outputs OFF VDO(ol) VDO(oh) DO output voltage IDO = 1.6 mA IDO = -200 A IDO(zol) IDO(zoh) DO tri-state current VDO = 0Vdc VDO = VDD 0.8 0.5 VDD-0.8 9/27 Electrical specifications Table 6. L9848 Electrical characteristcs (continued) (Tj = -40C to 150C, VDD = 4.75 Vdc to 5.25 Vdc, VBatt=9 V to 18 V, unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 0.1 1.5 5 10 A A IDRN1-8(lk) DRN1-8 leakage current (low side) VDD=0.5Vdc, VSRC1-6=0Vdc, VDRN1-8=18 Vdc VDD=0.5Vdc, VSRC1-6=0Vdc, VDRN=35 V ISRC1-6(lk) SRC1-6 leakage current (high side) VDD=0.5Vdc, VSRC1-6=0Vdc, VDRN1-8=18 Vdc VDD=0.5Vdc, VSRC1-6=0Vdc, VDRN=35 V -5 -10 -0.1 -1.5 DRN1-8 current sink (low side) VSRC1-6=0Vdc, DI=00h, VDRN1-8 = 18 Vdc VSRC1-6=0Vdc, DI=00h, VDRN=35 V 50 50 60 80 100 A A ISRC1-6(Sour) SRC1-6 current source (high side) VSRC1-6=0Vdc, DI=00h, VDRN1-8 =18 Vdc VSRC1-6=0Vdc, DI=00h, VDRN=35 V -80 -100 -50 -60 -30 -30 A A IDRN1-8(Limit) DRN1-8 current limit (low side) VSRC1-6=0Vdc, DI=FFh, VDRN1-8 = 4-16 Vdc 0.8 1.3 1.8 A ISRC1-6(Limit) SRC1-6 current limit (high side) VSRC1-6=0-12 Vdc, DI=FFh, VDRN1-8 = VBatt -0.8 1.3 -1.8 A VDRN1-8(Cl+) DRN1-8 clamp voltage (low side) VSRC1-6=0Vdc, DI=00h, IDRN1-8=10 mA 35 45 55 V IDRN1-8(Sink) VSRC1-6(Cl+)bat SRC1-6 clamp voltage (high side) VSRC1-6GND VBatt- 45 VDRN1-8=25 V DI=00h, IDRN1-8=10 mA VDRN = 10 V; ISRC = -10 mA -36 VDRN1-8(Fault) DRN1-8 fault voltage VSRC1-6=0 Vdc, DI=00h (low side) 0.9VDD VSRC1-6(Fault) SRC1-6 fault voltage VDRN1-8=VBatt, DI=00h (high side) 0.55VDD RDSONDRN1-8 On-resistance (DRN1-8) TjTS Thermal shutdown junction temperature(1) TjTSH Thermal shutdown threshold hysteresis* A A -31 V -27 V 1.1VDD V 0.65VD V D 2.0 1.5 1.3 W W W 155 185 C 5 15 K Tj=110 C Tj=25 C Tj=-40 C 1.5 1.0 PORwih Power on reset threshold on 3.40 4.50 V PORwhyst Power on reset hysteresis 0.4 0.8 V 1. Guaranteed by design, not tested 10/27 L9848 Electrical specifications 2.4.2 AC characteristics Table 7. AC characteristics (Tj = - 40 C to 150 C, VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 Vdc, VBatt = 9 V to 18 V, unless otherwise specified) Symbol tDRN1-8slewon tDRN1-8slewoff Parameter Slew rate (low side) Turn on Turn off Delay time (low side) tDRN1-8delon Turn on tDRN1-8deloff Turn off tDRN1-8deloffon Delta tSRC1-6slewon tSRC1-6slewoff Slew rate (high side) Turn on Turn off Delay time (high side) tSRC1-6delon Turn on tSRC1-6deloff Turn Off tSRC1-6deloffon Delta CDI CSCLK Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 10 10 25 25 100 100 s s 2 10 20 10 50 20 100 60 s s s 10 10 50 25 100 100 s s 20 100 60 s s s 20 20 pF pF 30 30 70 140 ns ns ns ns ns ns See Figure 4 and 5 See Figure 4 and 5 tDRN1-8deloff - tDRN1-8delon See Figure 4 and 5 See Figure 4 and 5 tSRC1-6deloff - tSRC1-6delon 2 10 20 Input Capacitance* 50 tDOrise tDOfall tDOacc tDOset tDOhold tDOdis Output data (DO) Rise time Fall time Access time Set up time Hold time Disable time tFltDlyInt Fault delay time (Internal) Duration of open/short fault until Fault Bit is "Set" 100 300 s Thermal fault delay time (Internal) Duration of thermal fault until Fault Bit is "Set" 40 50 s tthFltDlyInt 50 pF from DO to GND, see Fig. 6 50 pF from DO to GND, see Fig. 6 50 pF from DO to GND, see Fig. 7 50 pF from DO to GND, see Fig. 7 50 pF from DO to GND, see Fig. 7 No capacitor on DO, see Figure 3 20 10 11/27 Electrical specifications Figure 3. L9848 DO loading for disable time measurement +5 V VDD 4.0 V DO tDOdis 1 k 1.0 V DO 0V 1 k CS Figure 4. Output loading for slew rate measurement Vbatt High Side Configuration 600 SRC1-6 DRN1-8 3 nF 3 nF 600 Low Side Configuration Figure 5. Output turn on/off delays and slew rates IN1-8* IN1-8* 90% OUT1-8 10% OUT1-8 10% tDRN1-8slewon tDRN1-8slewoff tDRN1-8delon tDRN1-8deloff 90% OUT1-6 OUT1-6 10% 90% 10% tSRC1-6slewoff tSRC1-6slewon tSRC1-6deloff tSRC1-6delon * IN1-4, 7, 8 are available on wafer only. 12/27 90% L9848 Electrical specifications Figure 6. SPI input/output slew ratest tSCLKwid tSCLKlm 90% tSCLKhm SCLK tSCLKrise tSCLKfall 10% 90% 10% CS 10% tCSrise 90% 10% Figure 7. 90% tCSfall DO DI tDIfall tDIrise tDOfall tDOrise SPI timing diagram CS tCSlead tCSlag SCLK tDOacc tDOhold tDOdis tDOset DO Fault MSB Bits 6 to 1 Fault LSB DI Data byte tDIsus tDIhs DI MSB In Bit 14 or 6 Bit 13 or 5 Bits 12 to 0 13/27 Functional description 3 Functional description 3.1 General features L9848 The L9848 IC is a monolithic integrated circuit, which provides high flexibility for driving medium loads. 8 outputs, whereof 6 (Output1-6) can be used as either internal low or high side drives in any combination and 2 are dedicated low side outputs (Output7-8). The use of this device reduces the I/O port requirements of the microprocessor by having serially controlled outputs via a SPI interface. In addition, Output5-6 are capable of being PWMed via an external pin (Input5-6). The 8bit SPI input is used to command the 8 output drivers either ON or OFF and additional to indicate latched fault conditions that may have occurred. Multiple L9848s may be daisy-chained with one additional microprocessor I/O port (CSn) for each device. The implemented self-configuration allows the user to connect a high or low side load to any of these outputs and the L9848 will drive them correctly as well as provide proper fault mode operation with no other needed inputs. This device switch variable load currents within the operation temperature range. The outputs are MOSFET drivers to minimize Vdd current requirements. There's no VBatt input pin however VBatt is connected to the drains of high side outputs. The L9848 meets all required specifications when the supply voltage applied to the drain(s) of the outputs is within the operating range. For supply voltages applied to the drain(s) down to 6.8V the part is functional however, it does not meet all parametric limits, i.e. output onstate voltages. 3.2 Outputs - Common characteristics The 6 self-configuring outputs (Outputs1-6) are able to drive either incandescent lamps, inductive loads (non-PWMed), or resistive loads biased to VBatt. These outputs are enabled and disabled via the SPI bus. Each of these outputs is short circuit current limited and has an over-temperature protection as described under "Functional Description - Thermal Shutdown". When a high side configured output is commanded OFF after having been commanded ON, the source voltage will go to the lesser negative of (VBatt-45V). This is due to the design of the circuitry and the transconductance of the MOSFET. When a low side configured output is commanded OFF after having been commanded ON, the output voltage will rise to the internal zener clamp voltage (40 Vdc minimum) due to the flyback of the inductive load. 3.2.1 Output 1-4 These four outputs can be used as either high or low side drives. Integrated current source pull-ups and pull-downs are employed to correctly latch "open load" fault data. Both of these current sources are needed to detect an open load state since these outputs self configure as either high or low side drives. Drain connections of output1-4 (DRN1-4) These pins are connected to the drains of the n-channel MOSFET transistors. Source connections of output1-4 (SRC1-4) These pins are connected to the sources of the n-channel MOSFET transistors. 14/27 L9848 3.2.2 Functional description Output 5-6 These two self-configuring outputs can be used to drive either high or low side loads. In addition to be controlled by the SPI BUS these outputs can also be enabled and disabled via IN5 and IN6 inputs. IN5 and IN6 inputs are logically ORed with the SPI commands to allow either the IN5-6 inputs or the SPI commands to activate these outputs. The use of IN5-6 for PWM control on these outputs should only be done with non-inductive loads. Integrated current source pull-ups and pull-downs are employed to correctly latch "open load" fault data. Both of these current sources are needed to detect an open since these outputs self configure as either high or low side drives. Drain connections of Output5-6 (DRN5-6) These pins are connected to the drains of the n-channel MOSFET transistors. Source connections of Output5-6 (SRC5-6) These pins are connected to the sources of the n-channel MOSFET transistors. 3.2.3 Output7-8 These two outputs (DRN7-8) are dedicated low side drives. Integrated current source pull down are required to correctly latch "open load" fault data. 3.3 Main power input (VDD) The VDD input is the primary power source of the L9848. This supply is used as the power source for all of its logic circuitry and other miscellaneous functions. Notice that if the L9848 is interfaced to a processor operating with a lower voltage (e.g. 3.0 VDC), the microprocessor inputs connected to the L9848 will swing from 0 to 5.0 VDC. 3.4 Discrete inputs (IN5-6) These inputs allow Output5-6 to be enabled via this external pin without the use of the SPI. A logic "1" on these inputs enables the corresponding output no matter what the status of the SPI command register. A logic "0" on these inputs disables the corresponding output if the SPI command register is not commanding this output on. These pins can be left "open" if the outputs are controlled only via the SPI (internally pulled down). These inputs are ideally suited for non-inductive loads that are pulse width modulated (PWMed). This allows PWM control without the use of the SPI. The TTL level compatible input voltages allow proper operation with microprocessors that are using 5.0V or 3.0V for their Vdd supply. 3.5 Serial peripheral interface (SPI) A standard serial peripheral interface, consisting of Serial Clock (SCLK), Data Out (DO), Data In (DI), and Chip Select (CS) is implemented to allow access to the internal registers of the L9848. All outputs are controlled via the SPI.The input pins CS, SCLK, and DI have TTL level compatible input voltages allowing proper operation from microprocessors that are using 5.0V or 3.0V for their VDD supply. The design of the L9848 allows a "daisy-chaining" of multiple L9848's to further reduce the need for controller pins. 15/27 Functional description 3.5.1 L9848 Serial data output (DO) This output pin is in a tri-state condition when CS is a logic "0" (LOW). When CS is a logic "1" (HIGH), this pin always transmits 8bits of data from the fault register to the digital controller. After the first 8bits data are transmitted the DO output then sequentially transmits the digital data that was just received (8 SCLK cycles earlier) on the DI pin. The DO output continues to transmit the 8 SCLK delayed bit data from the DI input until CS eventually transitions from a logic "1" to a logic "0". DO data changes state 10 ns or later, after the falling edge of SCLK. By definition, the MSB (Table 3) is the first bit of the byte transmitted on DO and the LSB is the last bit of the byte transmitted on DO, once CS transitions from a logic "0" to a logic "1". 3.5.2 Serial data input (DI) This input takes data from the digital controller while CS is HIGH. The L9848 accepts an 8bit data stream to command the outputs ON or OFF. By definition, the MSB (Table 1) is the first bit of each byte received on DI and the LSB is the last bit of each byte received on DI, once CS transitions from a logic "0" to a logic "1". 3.5.3 Chip select (CS) This is the chip select input pin. On the rising edge of CS, the DO pin switches from tri-state to active-out mode. While CS is high, register data is shifted in and shifted out by the DI and DO pin, respectively, on each subsequent SCLK. On the falling edge of CS, the DO pin switches back to tri-state mode and the fault register will be "Cleared" if a valid DI byte was received. A valid DI byte is defined as such: 1st A multiple of 8 bits was received 2nd SCLK was low when CS went low 3rd Current SPI cycle started when SCLK was low The fault data is not cleared unless all of the 3 previous conditions have been met. A SCLK transition must be seen before CS is interpreted as active. To allow sufficient time to reload the fault registers, the CS pin must remain low for a minimum of 1s prior to going high again, before it starts shifting the fault data bits out on the DO pin. CS has an integrated glitch filter for spurious pulses of 50ns or shorter (i.e. no fault data and Outputs1-8 enable status will be altered). For open circuit condition the CS is internally pulled down to GND. 3.5.4 Serial clock (SCLK) This is the clock signal input for synchronization of serial data transfer. DI data is shifted into the DI input on the rising edge of SCLK and DO data changes on the falling edge of SCLK. 16/27 L9848 3.6 Functional description SPI DI input command register An input byte (8 bits) is routed to the Command Register. The content of this Command Register is given in Table 8 and Table 9. Additional DI data will continue to be wrapped around to the DO pin. If CS will go low before a complete reception of the current byte, this just transmitted byte will be ignored Table 8. Bit command register definition MSB OUT8 OUT7 OUT6 OUT5 OUT4 OUT3 OUT2 OUT1 D07 D06 D05 D04 D03 D02 D01 D00 Table 9. 3.7 LSB Command register logic definition Bit State Status D00-D07 0 OUTPUT1-8 are commanded OFF D00-D07 1 OUTPUT1-8 are commanded ON Fault operation The fault diagnostic capability consists of one internal 8bit shift register. Open or shorted load detection is provided by comparing the source or drain voltage with the VDD voltage. When an output connected as either a low side device or a high side device is commanded OFF, an open load can be detected. When an output connected as either a low side device or a high side device is commanded ON a shorted load can be detected. The fault bit is "set" for each channel if a short, open, or over-temperature condition occurs for Outputs1-8. The content of this Fault Register is given in Table 10. The output load status of each individual channel is defined in Table 11. Open and shorts are subsequently re-latched provided they meet the minimum duration criterion and thermal faults will be re-latched provided they meet the duration criterion after CS goes "LOW", if these fault conditions are still present. The fault register is capable of detecting and latching multiple fault conditions (among the 8 outputs) that have occurred between clearing of the fault flags. All of the faults will be cleared on the falling edge of Chip Select (CS). Table 10. Fault register definition MSB LSB Fault8 Fault7 Fault6 Fault5 Fault4 Fault3 Fault2 Fault1 D07 D06 D05 D04 D03 D02 D01 D00 Table 11. Fault logic definition BIT STATE STATUS Fault1-8 0 OUT1-8 are not open or shorted (nominal) Fault1-8 1 OUT1-8 are either open or shorted or in thermal shutdown 17/27 Functional description 3.7.1 L9848 Initial fault register SPI Cycle After initial application of VDD to the L9848, the fault register is "Cleared" by the POR circuitry during the initial SPI cycle, and all subsequent cycles, valid fault data will be clocked out of DO (fault bits). The bits that are "Set" indicate which particular output(s) have a fault condition. 3.7.2 Incandescent lamp outputs Software filtering may be needed to ignore fault signals due to the long turn on delay associated with lamp loads. For example, the lamp load channel gets enabled during one SPI cycle. Approximately 20ms-100ms later, a SPI cycle is required to read the correct fault latch data, which will be cleared after the falling edge of CS of that SPI cycle. 3.8 Configuration for Output1-6 The drain and source pins for each output must be connected in one of the two following configurations (see Figure 6a and Figure 6b). 3.8.1 Low side drivers When any combination of Output1-6 are connected in a low side drive configuration the source of the applicable output (SRC1-6) has to be connected to ground. The drain of the applicable output (DRN1-6) has to be connected to the low side of the load. 3.8.2 High side drivers When any combination of Output1-6 are connected in a high side drive configuration the drain of the applicable output (DRN1-6) has to be connected to VBatt. The source of the applicable output (SRC1-6) has to be connected to the high side of the load. 3.9 DRN1-6 susceptibility to negative voltage transients For any output(s) connected and used for a high side drive a fast negative transient slew rate does not inadvertently issue a POR (power on reset) or cause parasitic latching to occur. Nevertheless under some conditions it may be necessary to have a ceramic chip capacitor of 10nF to 100nF connected from drain to GND to aid in preventing the occurance of a problem due to very fast negative transient(s) on the drain(s) of the device. 18/27 L9848 3.10 Functional description Thermal shutdown Each of the 8 outputs have independent thermal protection circuitry that disables each output driver once the local n-channel MOSFET device temperature reaches the overtemperature shutdown limit. Due to the hysteresis of the enable and disable temperature levels the faulted channel will periodically turn off and on until the fault condition is cleared, the ambient temperature is decreased sufficiently or the output is commanded OFF. Once any individual channel goes into thermal shutdown, a logic "1" is latched into the Fault Register if it meets the thermal fault filter (Note: does NOT go through the open/short fault filter). Note: Due to the design of the L9848 each output's thermal limit "may not" be truly independent to the extent that if one output is shorted, it may impact the operation of other outputs (due to lateral heating in the die). The user may be required to monitor the fault bits periodically. If a fault bit is "Set" for the last enabled output, and subsequently, fault bits for other enabled outputs start to be "Set", the user will send two SPI write cycles within 100ms of each other. The first SPI write cycle will "Clear" the fault latches. If multiple faults are indicated after the second SPI write cycle, these faults are most likely thermal faults. The user will then disable this output that was most recently enabled. The fault register should be subsequently interrogated to verify proper operations of the other enabled output channels. 3.11 Charge pump usage The L9848 uses a separate charge pump and oscillator for each of the 6 configurable output channels to provide low RDSON values when connected in a high side configuration These oscillators are operating in a non-synchronous mode of operation. The frequency range of these charge pumps is designed to be above the AM radio band and below 8.0 MHz so that harmonics do not get within the FM radio band. 3.12 Waveshaping Both the turn on and the turn off slew rates on all outputs (OUTPUT1-8) are limited to reduce conducted EMC energy in the vehicle's wiring harness. The characteristic of the turn-on and turn-off voltage is linear, with no discontinuities, during the output driver state transition. 3.13 POR register initialization L9848 wakes up if the VDD supply increases from 0 to 5VDC in 0.3ms to 3ms. The L9848 has a POR circuit, which monitors the VDD voltage. When the VDD voltage reaches roughly 4.1VDC, and remains above this trip level for minimum 20s, the Command and Fault Registers are "cleared". Before VDD reaches this trip level, all eight outputs are guaranteed in OFF-state. After a valid POR has occurred and the VDD voltage falls below the valid high level for a required amount of time, the L9848 is powered down in a fully controlled manner. No outputs will glitch "ON" and no erroneous fault data is allowed on the DO output. 19/27 Functional description 3.14 L9848 Abnormal voltage conditions The L9848 survives the following abnormal voltage conditions. 3.14.1 Reverse Battery applied either directly, or through a load to the drain pins (DRN1-6) with the source pins (SRC1-6) connected to a load or to ground (cold lamp, solenoid, etc). 3.14.2 Maximum negative transients that force the drains or sources of the outputs going -20V below the module ground. 3.14.3 Ground offsets with a maximum of -0.5V to 1.0V between the L9848 ground and any load directly connected to a chassis ground in the case of high side loads. If driving a low side load there will not be an offset between the L9848 ground and the load ground. In addition there may be a maximum ground difference between the L9848 ground and any other module interfacing with it of -0.5V to 1.0V or VAC (10-200Hz). 3.14.4 Loss of ground operation Any outputs are protected to become active in case of lost ground of the L9848 module with the supply is still applied. 20/27 L9848 4 Functional block diagram Functional block diagram Figure 8. L9848 with external components 7 6 7 6 5 4 5 4 VDD +5VDC 2 C2 0.01F 22 23 22 23 IN5 IN6 FROM CPU DI CS SCLK TO CPU DO 20 9 15 16 14 24 25 24 25 SRC1 or DRN1 SRC1 DRN2 SRC2 or DRN2 SRC2 DRN3 SRC3 or DRN3 SRC3 DRN4 SRC4 or DRN4 SRC4 VBATT 28 26 (FAN OUT CAP 50nF) GND DRN1 1 3 18 DRN7 DRN8 DRN5 100nF 19 18 19 11 SRC5 or DRN5 SRC5 100nF DRN6 100nF 10 11 10 SRC6 or DRN6 SRC6 100nF D02AT511A 21/27 Application examples 5 L9848 Application examples Figure 9. L9848 as mirror axis control motor drivers Vbatt Vdd 5V SCK SDI SDO SPI + Data Interface CS M Gate Driver Interface Simultaneous motor drive for seat adjustment memory PWM IN5 PWM IN6 M GND Figure 10. L9848 as mirror motor and bulb driver Vbatt Vdd 5V LED Chain SCK Side Turn Indicator SDI SDO CS SPI + Data Interface 5W Safety Light Gate Driver Interface M PWM IN5 Sequential motor drive PWM IN6 M GND 22/27 L9848 Application examples Figure 11. L9848 as window lift relay and mirror motor driver Vbatt Vdd 5V SCK SDI SDO SPI + Data Interface CS M Gate Driver Interface Vbatt M PWM IN5 PWM IN6 M Power window GND Figure 12. L9848 as bipolar stepper motor driver Vbatt Vdd 5V SCK SDI SDO CS SPI + Data Interface Gate Driver Interface SM PWM IN5 PWM IN6 GND 23/27 Application examples L9848 Figure 13. L9848 driving approach for 3 bipolar stepper-motors in sequential mode for climate applications as window lift relay and mirror motor driver Stepper-Motor 1 active SPI L9848 SM 1 SM 2 SM 3 disabled disabled L9848 disabled disabled 24/27 L9848 6 Package information Package information In order to meet environmental requirements, ST (also) offers these devices in ECOPACK(R) packages. ECOPACK(R) packages are lead-free. The category of second Level Interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com. Figure 14. SO-28 mechanical data and package dimensions mm DIM. MIN. TYP. A inch MAX. MIN. TYP. 2.65 MAX. 0.104 a1 0.1 0.3 0.004 0.012 b 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019 b1 0.23 0.32 0.009 C 0.5 c1 0.013 0.020 45 (typ.) D 17.7 18.1 0.697 0.713 E 10 10.65 0.394 0.419 e 1.27 0.050 e3 16.51 0.65 F 7.4 7.6 0.291 0.299 L 0.4 1.27 0.016 0.050 S OUTLINE AND MECHANICAL DATA SO-28 8 (max.) 25/27 Revision history 7 L9848 Revision history Table 12. Document revision history Date Revision 12-Jul-2003 4 Initial release. 5 Document reformatted. Updated Table 2: Pin description. Updated Figure 8: L9848 with external components. Updated Section 6: Package information on page 25. 18-Nov-2008 26/27 Changes L9848 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries ("ST") reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST's terms and conditions of sale. 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