MIC2285A 8MHz PWM Synchronous Buck Regulator with LDO Standby Mode General Description Features The Micrel MIC2285A is a high efficiency 8MHz PWM synchronous buck (step-down) regulator that features a LOWQ(R) LDO standby mode that draws only 20A of quiescent current. The MIC2285A allows an ultra-low noise, small size, and high efficiency solution for portable power applications. In PWM mode, the MIC2285A operates with a constant frequency 8MHz PWM control. Under light load conditions, such as in system sleep or standby modes, the PWM switching operation can be disabled to reduce switching losses. In this light load LOWQ(R) mode, the LDO maintains the output voltage and draws only 18A of quiescent current. The LDO mode of operation saves battery life while not introducing spurious noise and high ripple as experienced with pulse skipping or bursting mode regulators. The MIC2285A operates from 2.7V to 5.5V input and features internal power MOSFETs that can supply up to 600mA output current in PWM mode. It can operate with a maximum duty cycle of 100% for use in low-dropout conditions. The MIC2285A is available in the 10-pin 2mm x 2mm Thin MLF(R) package with a junction operating range from -40C to +125C. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel's web site at: www.micrel.com. * 2.7 to 5.5V supply/input voltage * Light load LOWQ(R) LDO mode - 20A quiescent current - Low noise, 75Vrms * 8MHz PWM mode - Output current to 600mA - >90% efficiency - 100% maximum duty cycle * Adjustable output voltage option down to 1V - Fixed output voltage options available * Ultra-fast transient response * Requires only a 0.47H inductor * Enables sub 0.55mm profile solution * Fully integrated MOSFET switches * Micropower shutdown * Thermal shutdown and current limit protection * 10-pin 2mm x 2mm x 0.55mm MLF(R) package * -40C to +125C junction temperature range Applications * Cellular phones * PDAs * USB peripherals ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Application 2.5VOUT Efficiency 100 90 80 70 60 50 V IN =3.2V VIN =3.6V VIN =4.2V 40 30 20 Adjustable Output Buck Regulator with LOWQ(R) Mode 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) LOWQ is a registered trademark of Micrel, Inc MLF and MicroLeadFrame are registered trademarks of Amkor Technology, Inc. Micrel, Inc * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, Ca 95131 * USA * tel +1 (408) 944-0800 * fax +1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com August 2007 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Ordering Information Part Number MIC2285AYMT Marking Output Voltage* Junction Temperature Range Package Lead Finish WPA Adj. -40 to +125C 10-Pin 2x2 Thin MLF(R) Pb-free Note * For other voltage options available, please contact Micrel Marketing for details. MLF(R) is a GREEN RoHS compliant package. Lead finish is NiPdAu. Mold compound is Halogen Free. Pin Configuration AGND 1 10 PGND LDO 2 9 SW BIAS 3 8 VIN AVIN 4 7 LOWQ FB 5 6 EN 10-Pin 2mm x 2mm Thin MLF(R) (MT) Pin Description Pin Number 1 2 3 Pin Name AGND LDO BIAS 4 AVIN 5 FB 6 EN 7 _____ LOWQ 8 9 10 VIN SW PGND August 2007 Pin Function Analog (signal) Ground. LDO Output (Output): Connect to VOUT for LDO mode operation. Internal circuit bias supply. Must be decoupled to signal ground with a 0.1F capacitor and should not be loaded. Analog Supply Voltage (Input): Supply voltage for the analog control circuitry and LDO input power. Requires bypass capacitor to GND. Feedback. Input to the error amplifier. For the Adjustable option, connect to the external resistor divider network to set the output voltage. For fixed output voltage options, connect to VOUT and an internal resistor network sets the output voltage. Enable (Input). Logic low will shut down the device, reducing the quiescent current to less than 5A. Enable LDO Mode (Input): Logic low enables the internal LDO and disables the PWM operation. Logic high enables the PWM mode and disables the LDO mode. Supply Voltage (Input): Supply voltage for the internal switches and drivers. Switch (Output): Internal power MOSFET output switches. Power Ground. 2 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ............................................ +6V Output Switch Voltage (VSW) ............................... +6V Output Switch Current (ISW) ................................... 2A Logic Input Voltage (VEN,VLOWQ) ..............-0.3V to VIN Storage Temperature (Ts)............... -60C to +150C ESD Rating(3) ....................................................... 3kV Supply Voltage (VIN)............................+2.7V to +5.5V Logic Input Voltage (VEN,VLOWQ) ............. -0.3V to VIN Junction Temperature (TJ) .............. -40C to +125C Junction Thermal Resistance 2x2 MLF-10L (JA) ................................... 60C/W Electrical Characteristics(4) VIN = VEN = VLOWQ =3.6V; L = 0.47H; COUT = 10F; TA = 25C, unless noted. Bold values indicate -40C< TJ < +125C Parameter Condition Min Supply Voltage Range Under-Voltage Lockout Threshold Typ 2.7 (turn-on) 2.45 UVLO Hysteresis 2.55 Max Units 5.5 V 2.65 V 100 mV Quiescent Current, PWM mode VFB = 0.9 * VNOM (not switching) 790 900 A Quiescent Current, LDO mode VLOWQ = 0V;IOUT = 0mA 20 29 A Shutdown Current VEN = 0V 0.01 5 A [Adjustable] Feedback Voltage 1% 2% (over temperature) 0.99 0.98 1 1.01 1.02 V V [Fixed Output] Voltages Nominal VOUT tolerance -1 -2 +1 +2 % % FB pin input current 1 Current Limit in PWM Mode VFB = 0.9 * VNOM Output Voltage Line Regulation VOUT > 2V; VIN = VOUT+300mV to 5.5V; ILOAD= 100mA VOUT < 2V; VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V; ILOAD= 100mA 0.13 Output Voltage Load Regulation, PWM Mode 20mA < ILOAD < 300mA 0.2 0.8 % Output Voltage Load Regulation, LDO Mode 100A < ILOAD < 50mA VLOWQ = 0V 0.5 1 % Maximum Duty Cycle VFB 0.4V PWM Switch ONResistance ISW = 50mA VFB = 0.7VFB_NOM (High Side Switch) ISW = -50mA VFB = 1.1VFB_NOM (Low Side Switch) 0.75 1 nA 1.85 A % % 100 0.4 0.4 Oscillator Frequency 7.2 8 8.8 MHz LOWQ Threshold Voltage 0.5 0.85 1.3 V 0.1 2 A 0.85 1.3 V 0.1 2 A LOWQ Input Current Enable Threshold 0.5 Enable Input Current LDO Dropout Voltage August 2007 IOUT = 50mA Note 5 110 3 mV M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Parameter Condition Min Output Voltage Noise LOWQ = 0V; COUT = 10F, 10Hz to 100kHz LDO Current Limit LOWQ = 0V; VOUT = 0V (LDO Mode) Typ Max Units 75 Vrms 120 mA Over-Temperature Shutdown 160 C Over-Temperature Hysteresis 20 C 60 Notes 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model: 1.5k in series with 100pF. 4. Specification for packaged product only. 5. Dropout voltage is defined as the input-to-output differential at which the output voltage drops 2% below its nominal value that is initially measured at a 1V differential. For outputs below 2.7V, the dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage differential with a minimum input voltage of 2.7V. August 2007 4 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Typical Characteristics - PWM Mode 2.5VOUT Efficiency 1.8VOUT Efficiency 100 90 80 70 60 100 V IN=3.2V 90 V IN=3.2V VIN=3.6V VIN=4.2V 80 70 60 100 90 V IN=3.2V 80 VIN=3.6V 70 VIN=4.2V 60 VIN=3.6V VIN=4.2V 50 40 50 40 50 40 30 30 20 10 20 10 30 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 0 0 1.2VOUT Efficiency 70 60 VIN=3.6V VIN=4.2V 50 40 30 30 20 10 20 10 0 0 1100 100 200 300 400 500 600 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage 0 0 9.0 1000 1.018 1.014 VIN=3.6V 0.998 VIN=3.6V LowQ=VIN 0.994 0.990 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Frequency vs. Input Voltage 8.0 800 1.5 1.006 1.002 900 7.5 600 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.010 VIN=4.2V 8.5 700 100 200 300 400 500 600 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Load Regulation 100 90 V IN=3.2V 80 80 50 40 100 200 300 400 500 600 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 1.0VOUT Efficiency 100 90 V IN=3.2V 70 60 10 0 0 1200 CURRENT LIMIT (mA) 0 0 ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 1.5VOUT Efficiency 7.0 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 100 200 300 400 500 600 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Peak Current Limit vs. Supply Voltage 1000 800 600 400 200 LowQ = VIN 0 2.7 3.4 4.1 4.8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.5 Enable Threshold vs. Supply Voltage 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 LowQ = V IN 0.5 2.7 3.4 4.1 4.8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) August 2007 5.5 5 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Typical Characteristics - LDO Mode 80 60 40 20 50 40 30 20 10 VOUT = 3.3V IOUT = 25mA LowQ = 0V 40 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) 60 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C) DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) 100 Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature 70 160 120 0 2.7 80 Current Limit vs. Supply Voltage LowQ = 0V 3.4 4.1 4.8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 120 100 80 60 40 20 Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature 9 30 25 20 15 10 VOUT = 3.3V IOUT = 10mA LowQ = 0V 5 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C) VOUT = 3.3V IOUT = 50mA LowQ = 0V 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C) 5.5 35 Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature 140 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) CURRENT LIMIT (mA) 140 Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 VOUT = 3.3V IOUT = 1mA LowQ = 0V 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C) Enable Threshold Voltage vs. Supply Voltage ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 2.7 August 2007 LowQ = 0V 3.4 4.1 4.8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 6 5.5 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Typical Characteristics - LDO Mode (cont.) Quiescent Current vs. Output Current 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 0 VIN = 3.6V LowQ = 0V 20 40 60 80 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) August 2007 Output Voltage vs. Output Current 1.836 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) QUIESCENT CURRENT (A) 25 1.827 1.818 1.809 1.8 1.791 1.782 1.773 1.764 0 VIN = 3.6V VOUT =1.8V LowQ = 0V 20 40 60 80 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 7 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Functional Diagram MIC2285A Block Diagram August 2007 8 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Functional Characteristics Load Transient LDO Mode Output Current (20mA/div) Output Current (100mA/div) Output Voltage AC Coupled (50mV/div) Output Voltage AC Coupled (50mV/div) Load Transient PWM Mode 10mA 10mA COUT = 4.7F COUT = 4.7F Time (20s/div) Time (20s/div) Enable Transient LDO Mode Output Voltage (1V/div) 0V Enable (2V/div) 0V Enable (2V/div) Output Voltage (1V/div) Enable Transient PWM Mode 0V 0V COUT = 4.7F COUT = 4.7F Time (40s/div) Time (40s/div) August 2007 9 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Functional Description FB The feedback pin (FB) provides the control path to control the output. For adjustable versions, a resistor divider connecting the feedback to the output is used to adjust the desired output voltage. The output voltage is calculated as follows: VIN VIN provides power to the MOSFETs for the switch mode regulator section, along with the current limiting sensing. Due to the high switching speeds, a 1F capacitor is recommended close to VIN and the power ground (PGND) pin for bypassing. Please refer to layout recommendations. R1 VOUT = VREF x + 1 R2 AVIN Analog VIN (AVIN) provides power to the LDO section. AVIN and VIN must be tied together. Careful layout should be considered to ensure high frequency switching noise caused by VIN is reduced before reaching AVIN. Where VREF is equal to 1.0V. A feedforward capacitor is recommended for most designs using the adjustable output voltage option. To reduce battery current draw, a 100K feedback resistor is recommended from the output to the FB pin (R1). Also, a feedforward capacitor should be connected between the output and feedback (across R1). The large resistor value and the parasitic capacitance of the FB pin can cause a high frequency pole that can reduce the overall system phase margin. By placing a feedforward capacitor, these effects can be significantly reduced. Typically, an 82pF small ceramic capacitor is recommended. LDO The LDO pin is the output of the linear regulator and should be connected to the output. In LOWQ mode (LOWQ<1.5V), the LDO provides the output voltage. In PWM mode (LOWQ>1.5V), the LDO pin is high impedance. EN The enable pin provides a logic level control of the output. In the off state, supply current of the device is greatly reduced (typically <1A). Also, in the off state, the output drive is placed in a "tri-stated" condition, where both the high side P-channel MOSFET and the low-side N-channel are in an "off" or non-conducting state. Do not drive the enable pin above the supply voltage. SW The switch (SW) pin connects directly to the inductor and provides the switching current necessary to operate in PWM mode. Due to the high speed switching on this pin, the switch node should be routed away from sensitive nodes. PGND Power ground (PGND) is the ground path for the high current PWM mode. The current loop for the power ground should be as small as possible and separate from the Analog ground (AGND) loop. Refer to the layout considerations for more details. LOWQ The LOWQ pin provides a logic level control between the internal PWM mode and the low noise linear regulator mode. With LOWQ pulled low (<0.5V), quiescent current of the device is greatly reduced by switching to a low noise linear regulator mode that has a typical IQ of 20A. In linear (LDO) mode, the output can deliver 60mA of current to the output. By placing LOWQ high (>1.5V), this transitions the device into a constant frequency PWM buck regulator mode. This allows the device the ability to efficiently deliver up to 500mA of output current at the same output voltage. AGND Signal ground (AGND) is the ground path for the biasing and control circuitry. The current loop for the signal ground should be separate from the Power ground (PGND) loop. Refer to the layout considerations for more details. BIAS The BIAS pin supplies the power to the internal power to the control and reference circuitry. The bias is powered from the input voltage through an RC lowpass filter. The RC lowpass filter frequency must 1 . be 2(20.5 )(100nF ) August 2007 10 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Applications Information The MIC2285A is a 500mA PWM power supply that utilizes a LOWQ light load mode to maximize battery efficiency in light load conditions. This is achieved with a LOWQ control pin that when pulled low, shuts down all the biasing and drive current for the PWM regulator, drawing only 18A of operating current. This allows the output to be regulated through the LDO output, capable of providing 60mA of output current. This method has the advantage of producing a clean, low current, ultra-low noise output in LOWQ mode. During LOWQ mode, the SW node becomes high impedance, blocking current flow. Other methods of reducing quiescent current, such as pulse frequency modulation (PFM), or bursting techniques, create large amplitude, low frequency ripple voltages that can be detrimental to system operation. When more than 60mA is required, the LOWQ pin can be forced high, causing the MIC2285A to enter PWM mode. In this case, the LDO output makes a "hand-off" to the PWM regulator with virtually no variation in output voltage. The LDO output then turns off allowing up to 600mA of current to be efficiently supplied through the PWM output to the load. Output Capacitor The MIC2285A is optimized for a 10F output capacitor. A larger value can be used to improve transient response. The MIC2285A utilizes type III internal compensation and utilizes an internal high frequency zero to compensate for the double pole roll off of the LC filter. For this reason, larger output capacitors can create instabilities. X5R or X7R dielectrics are recommended for the output capacitor. Y5V dielectrics lose most of their capacitance over temperature and are therefore, not recommended. In addition to a 10F, a small 10nF is recommended close to the load for high frequency filtering. Smaller case size capacitors are recommended due to their lower ESR and ESL. Inductor Selection The MIC2285A is designed for use with a 0.47H inductor. Proper selection should ensure that the inductor can handle the maximum average and peak currents required by the load. Maximum current ratings of the inductor are generally given in two methods; permissible DC current and saturation current. Permissible DC current can be rated either for a 40C temperature rise or a 10% to 20% loss in inductance. Ensure that the inductor selected can handle the maximum operating current. When saturation current is specified, make sure that there is enough margin that the peak current will not saturate the inductor. Peak inductor current can be calculated as follows: Input Capacitor A minimum 1F ceramic is recommended on the VIN pin for bypassing. X5R or X7R dielectrics are recommended for the input capacitor. Y5V dielectrics lose most of their capacitance over temperature and are therefore, not recommended. A minimum 1F is recommended close to the VIN and PGND pins for high frequency filtering. Smaller case size capacitors are recommended due to their lower ESR and ESL. Please refer to layout recommendation section of data sheet for proper layout of the input capacitor. August 2007 IPK = IOUT 11 V VOUT 1 - OUT VIN + 2x f xL M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Layout Recommendation Top Bottom Note The above figures demonstrate the recommended layout for the MIC2285A adjustable option. August 2007 12 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Adjustable Output Bill of Materials Item C1 C2 C3 Part Number Manufacturer Description Qty (1) 06036D105MAT2 AVX GRM185R60J105KE21D Murata 0201ZD103MAT2 AVX GRM033R10J103KA01D Murata VJ0402A101KXAA Vishay (2) 1F Ceramic Capacitor X5R, 6.3V 0603 1 10nF Ceramic Capacitor, 6.3V 0201 1 100pF Ceramic Capacitor 1 10F Ceramic Capacitor X5R, 6.3V 0603 1 (1) (2) (3) (1) AVX C4 (2) Murata LQM21PNR47M00 L1 Murata (2) 0.47H Inductor, 120m 2.0mm x 1.25mm x 0.5mm (2) 0.47H Inductor, 97m 3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.55mm (4) 0.47H Inductor, 94m 3.2mm x 3.2mm x 1.55mm Murata Sumida R1 R2 Vishay-Dale (3) 100k 1% 0402 Resistor CRCW04026652F Vishay-Dale (3) 66.5k 1% 0402 Resistor for 2.5VOUT CRCW04021243F Vishay-Dale (3) 124k 1% 0402 Resistor for 1.8VOUT CRCW04022003F Vishay-Dale (3) 200k 1% 0402 Resistor for 1.5VOUT CRCW04024023F Vishay-Dale (3) 402k 1% 0402 Resistor for 1.2VOUT CRCW04021002F Open R3 CRCW040220R5F U1 MIC2285AYMT (3) 1 1 1 for 1.0VOUT Vishay 20 1% 0402 Resistor 1 Micrel(5) 8MHz Synchronous Buck Regulator with LOWQ(R) Mode 1 Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. AVX: www.avxcorp.com Murata: www.murata.com Vishay: www.vishay.com Sumida: www.sumida.com Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com August 2007 13 M9999-083107-B Micrel, Inc. MIC2285A Package Information 10-Pin 2mm x 2mm Thin MLF(R) (MT) MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2007 Micrel, Incorporated. August 2007 14 M9999-083107-B