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8/12
MCU AND TRIAC ON THE MAINS
Power control
Power is controlled by the phase delay (td) of the triac drive. In the previous design, td is re-
ferred to the zero crossing of the line voltage. In order to avoid a connection to the mains neu-
tral and connect the circuit directly in series with the load, the trigger delay is referred to the
previous zero crossing of the current (fig.1). When the current in the triac is zero, the mains
voltage is reapplied across it. Synchronization is achieved by measuring this voltage. This
main voltage is monitored over each halfwave with a network of resistances connected to two
I/O lines of the ST6210. This allows detection of spurious open load and the retriggering of the
triac with multipulse operation if it is not latched after the first gate pulse.
Operation with a transformer
Low power halogen spots use low voltage lamps (12V typ.) usually supplied through a low
voltage transformer. Dimming these lamps is simple with this circuit thanks to the program fea-
tures included in the ST6210 :
* At the start, the delay time between the first gate pulse and the synchronization instant is
greater than 5ms. This limits induction in the transformer and the risk of saturation.
* The circuit starts on a positive line halfwave and stops on a negative one. Thus it starts with
positive induction and stops after negative induction has been applied. This helps to minimize
the size of the magnetic core material, and the current rating of the triac.
* The timer is precisely tuned in order to obtain 8.3ms (for 60Hz) or 10ms (for 50Hz) delay be-
tween two gate pulses. As a result, the triac is driven symmetrically in both phases so that con-
tinuous voltage in the transformer is avoided and noise in the transformer is reduced. Other-
wise, the voltage across the triac is monitored to detect a spurious open load condition at the
secondary of the transformer.
The inrush current at the turn-on of a lamp (halogen or incandescent) is also reduced due to
the soft start feature of the circuit (fig.7).
Triac drive
The triac is directly driven by the MCU. The pulse driving the triac is 50ms long. The LOGIC
LEVEL triac is driven in quadrants QII and QIII with a gate current of 20mA provided by two I/
O lines of the ST6210 in parallel. The LOGICLEVEL triac has a maximum specified gate trig-
gering current of 10mA at 25°C.
The triac is multi-pulse driven. Therefore, inductive loads can be driven without the use of long
pulse drives. As a result, the consumption on the +5V supply can be minimized and the supply
circuit becomes very small. Before supplying the first drive pulse, the triac voltage is tested. If
no voltage is detected, a spurious open load or a supply disconnection is assumed to have oc-
curred and the circuit is stopped. After the first driving pulse, the triac voltage is monitored. If
the triac is not ON, another pulse is sent. The same process can be repeated up to four times.
Then, if the triac is still not ON, the circuit is switched off.
Hardware
The light dimmer board is almost the same as the motor drive board (fig.6). The major differ-
ences concern the position where the voltage is measured and the triac choice. When the
board is dimming a resistive load, an RFI filter should be added in order to the RFI standards
(i.e. VDE 875).
In a dimmer, because of the resistive load, dynamic constraints are lower than in a motor con-