37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Page 1 of 10
Features
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
U1019-QH
Integrates Image Reject (Balanced) Mixer, LO Buffer,
LO Doubler and RF Buffer
7 dB Conversion Gain (USB)
-25 dBm (2x) LO Leakage (at RF Port)
26 dBm Output Third Order Intercept Point (OIP3)
Variable Gain with Adjustable Bias
4x4mm QFN Package
100% RF and DC Testing
Electrical Characteristics (Ambient Temperature T = 25 oC)
Parameter
Frequency Range (RF)
Frequency Range (LO)1
Frequency Range (IF)
LO Input Power (Plo)
Conversion Gain
Image Rejection
Output IP3 (OIP3)
Spurious (2xLO) [tuned]
Spurious (1xLO)
Noise Figure (NF)
Input Return Loss (IF port)
Output Return Loss (RF Port)
LO Return Loss
Drain Bias Voltage (Vd1,2,3)
Drain Current (Id1)
Drain Current (Id2)
Drain Current (Id3)
Gate Voltage (Vg4)
Gate Current (Ig4)
Units
GHz
GHz
GHz
dBm
dB
dBc
dBm
dBm
dBm
dB
dB
dBm
dB
V
mA
mA
mA
V
mA
Min.
37.0
16.75
DC
0
5.0
15
23.0
-25
-45
Typ.
7.0
26.0
18.5
7.0
7.0
7.0
4.0
120
120
150
-3
7
Max.
40.0
20.0
3.5
6.0
9.0
4.0
150
150
180
Mimix Broadband’s 37.0-40.0 GHz GaAs MMIC Intergrated
Up-converter that has a typical conversion gain of 7 dB, and
an image rejection of greater than 15 dBc. It has been
optimized for USB operation. The device includes a LO
doubler and buffer, and can be tuned to give 2xLO leakage of
less than -25 dBm. Variable gain regulation can be achieved
by adjusting the bias, with turn-down trajectories optimized
to maintain linearity and minimal 2xLO leakage over the gain
control range. At full gain, an OIP3 of 26 dBm is typical. The
device comes in an RoHS compliant 4x4mm QFN surface
mount package offering excellent RF and thermal properties.
Typical application for this device are as an up-converter
stage in a linear 38GHz radio transmit lineup. They device is
well suited for Millimeter-wave Point-to-Point Radio, LMDS,
SATCOM and VSAT applications.
General Description Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage (Vd1,2,3)
Drain Current (Id1+2+3)
Gate Bias Voltage (Vg1,2,3)
Gate Bias Voltage (Vg4)
Input Power (IFin)
LO Input Power (LOin)
Storage Temperature (Tstg)
Operating Temperature (Ta)
Max. Operating Junction/Channel Temp.
Mounting Temperature
ESD Min. - Machine Model (MM)
ESD Min. - Human Body Model (HBM)
MSL Level
+4.3V
480 mA
-1.5V < Vg < 0V
-4.0V min.
+10 dBm
+13 dBm
-65 to +165 ºC
-55 to +85 ºC
150 ºC
See solder reflow profile
Class A
Class 1A
MSL3
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
(1) LO frequency range limits the performance characteristics to USB only.
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Page 2 of 10
Up-Converter Measurements
U1019-QH
XU1019-QH: USB Conversion Gain vs. Freq (GHz),
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
USB Conversion Gain (dB)
Gain IF1,IF2
Gain IF1*,IF2*
XU1019-QH: USB Image Rejection vs. Freq (GHz),
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
USB Image Rejection (dBc)
Image IF1,IF2
Image IF1*,IF2*
XU1019-QH: LSB Conversion Gain vs. Freq (GHz),
Vd1,2,3=4 V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
LSB Conversion Gain (dB)
Gain IF1,IF2
Gain IF1*,IF2*
X
U1019-QH: LSB Image Rejection & Conversion Gain vs. Freq (GHz),
Vd1,2,3 = 4 V, Id1,2,3 = 120, 120 & 150 mA, Vg4 = - 3 V
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
LSB Image Rejection (dBc) & Conversion
Gain (dB)
Image IF1,IF2
Image
IF1*,IF2*
XU1019-QH: USB 1xLO Leakage Power vs. Freq (GHz),
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4 =-3V
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 4 0
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
1xLO Leakage (dBm)
1xLO IF1,IF2
1xLO IF1*,IF2*
XU1019-QH: USB 2xLO Leakage Power vs. Freq (GHz),
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4 =-3V
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
2xLO Leakage (dBm)
2xLO IF 1*,IF2*
2xLO IF 1,IF2
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
Page 3 of 10
Up-Converter Measurements (cont.)
U1019-QH
XU1019-QH: USB OIP3 & IIP3 vs. Freq (GHz),
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
USB IIP3 & OIP3 (dBm)
OIP3 IF1,IF2
OIP3 IF1*,IF2*
IIP3 IF1,IF2
IIP3 IF1*,IF2*
XU1019-QH: LSB OIP3 & IIP3 vs. Freq (GHz),
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
LSB IIP3 & OIP3 (dBm)
OIP3 IF1,IF2
OIP3 IF1*,IF2*
IIP3 IF1,IF2
IIP3 IF1*,IF2*
XU1019-QH: RF & LO Return Loss vs. Freq (GHz)
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Frequency (GHz)
RF & LO Return Loss (dB)
RF Return Loss
LO Return Loss
XU1019-QH: USB Noise Figure vs. Freq (GHz)
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz) [IF = 2 GHz]
Noise Figure (dB)
IF1,IF2
IF1*,IF2*
XU1019-QH: USB Conversion Gain vs. Freq ,Varying LO Power
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz)
Conversion Gain (dB)
IF1,IF2 PLO = 0 dBm
IF1,IF2 PLO = 3 dBm
IF1,IF2 PLO = 6 dBm
IF1*,IF2* PLO = 0 dBm
IF1*,IF2* PLO = 3 dBm
IF1*,IF2* PLO = 6 dBm
XU1019-QH: USB IIP3 vs. Freq,Varying LO Power
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg4=-3V
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
RF (GHz)
IIP3 (dBm)
IF1*,IF2* PLO = 0 dBm
IF1*,IF2* PLO = 3 dBm
IF1*,IF2* PLO = 6 dBm
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
Page 4 of 10
Up-Converter Measurements (cont.)
U1019-QH
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
XU1019-QH: Conversion Gain vs Freq,Pscl=0 dBm, IF1/IF2 used
Vd1,2,3=4V;Id1=120 mA,Id2=120 mA,Id3=150 mA,Vg4=-3V
6
7
8
9
10
USB,CG
LSB,CG
0
1
2
3
4
5
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
Conversion Gain (dB)
RF (GHz) [IF=3.5 GHz]
XU1019-QH: Image Rejection vs Freq,Pscl=0 dBm, IF1/IF2 used
Vd1,2,3=4V;Id1=120 mA,Id2=120 mA,Id3=150 mA,Vg4=-3V
-25
-20
-15
-10
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
Image Rej. (dB)
USB,IR
LSB,IR
XU1019-QH: OIP3 vs Freq,Pscl=0 dBm, IF1/IF2 used
Vd1,2,3=4V;Id1=120 mA,Id2=120 mA,Id3=150 mA,Vg4=-3V
20
25
30
USB
LSB
0
5
10
15
37 37.5 38 38.5 39 39.5 40
OIP3 (dBm)
XU1019-QH: (USB) LO Leakage vs LO Freq,Plo=3 dBm
Vd1,2,3=4V;Id1=120 mA,Id2=120 mA,Id3=150 mA,Vg4=-3V
-30
-20
-10
0
X2 LO
X1 LO
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
16.75 17 17.25 17.5 17.75 18 18.25
LO Frequency (GHz)
LO Leakage (dBm)
RF (GHz) [IF=3.5 GHz]
RF (GHz) [IF=3.5 GHz]
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
Page 5 of 10
App Note [1] Biasing - As shown in the Pin Designations table, the device is operated by biasing Vd1, Vd2, and Vd3 at 4.0V. The corresponding
drain currents are set to 120mA, 120mA, and 150mA respectively. Vg4 requires a fixed voltage bias of nominally -3V. It is recommended to use
active bias on Vg1, Vg2, Vg3 to keep the currents in Vd1, Vd2, and Vd3 constant, in order to maintain the best performance over temperature.
Depending on the supply voltages available and the power dissipation constraints, the bias circuits may include a single transistor or a low power
operational amplifier, with a low value resistor in series with the drain supply to sense the current. Make sure to sequence the applied voltage to
ensure negative gate bias is available before applying the positive drain supply.
App Note [2] IF1/IF2 versus IF1*/IF2* - The IF input to the typical configuration is through a 90deg hybrid coupler. The hybrid splits the IF input
into inphase and quadrature phase components. These two signals enter the XU1019-QH on either the IF1/IF2 pair, or the IF1*/IF2* complimentary
pair. Which ever pair are not used must be terminated into 50 ohms. There are subtle differences between the performance when using the main IF
ports (IF1,IF2) versus the complimentary ports (IF1*, IF2*) which are shown in the preceding performance curves. For highest gain, best image
rejection and lowest noise figure, the complimentary ports (IF1*, IF2*) should be used.
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
U1019-QH
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
U1019-QH
Page 6 of 10
Recommended Board Layout
App Note [3] Board Layout - As shown in the recommended board layout, it is recommended to provide 100pF decoupling capacitors as close to
the bias pins as possible. Additional 10nF and 1uF on each of the bias lines are recommended placed a distance further away.
App Note [4] IF Bias - To obtain optimum 2xLO leakage performance, tuning is achieved by adjusting the DC bias on each of the IF inputs
(IF1, IF2, IF1*, IF2*). DC bias is implemented by adding simple bias tees to each of the four IF ports.
The diagram below shows a typical bias tee design used.
If the IF1 and IF2 ports are used for the IF input, the IF1* and IF2* ports are DC biased and terminated into 50 . A typical tuning arrangement is to
apply a fixed 0.3V DC bias to both the used IF input ports (i.e. IF1,IF2 or IF1*,IF2*). The remaining two IF ports which have been terminated to 50
tuning independently for minimum 2xLO leakage.
For minimum 2xLO leakage in a system, it may be necessary to correct the IF DC bias for different frequency and temperature conditions. This can
be implemented by calibration and offset tables stored in memory, and used to control IF bias over all practical conditions.
Typical Configuration
1uF100nH
15pF
IF IN
(from 90o hybrid or
terminated to 50 )
to XU1019-QH
IF Bias
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
U1019-QH
Page 7 of 10
App Note [5] Extended IF Frequency Range - If using the XU1019-QH using IF frequencies greater than 2 GHz, conversion gain roll-off can be
minimized by placing 1pF capacitors on each of the four IF ports. The capacitors should be placed close to the package, between the bias tees and
the package.
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
Typical Application
XB1014-QT XP1080-QU
TX Filter
(if required)
X2
DET
TX
XU1019-QH
DRIVER PA + DET
DIPLEXER
IF IN
LO
U1019-QH
Page 8 of 10
Package Dimensions / Layout
Functional Block Diagram
Pin Designations
Pin Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Pin Name
NC
IF1
IF1*
IF2*
IF2
NC
GND
LO
GND
VG3
VD3
NC
NC
VG1
VD1
VG2
VD2
NC
GND
RF
GND
NC
NC
VG4
Pin Function
Not Connected
IF1 Input
IF1* Input
IF2* Input
IF2 Input
Not Connected
GND
LO Input
GND
Gate 3 Bias
Drain 3 Bias
Not Connected
Not Connected
Gate 1 Bias
Drain 1 Bias
Gate 2 Bias
Drain 2 Bias
Not Connected
GND
RF Output
GND
Not Connected
Not Connected
Gate 4 Bias
Nominal Value
Tie to GND
DC bias fixed at 0.3V
DC bias tuned
DC bias tuned
DC bias fixed at 0.3V
Tie to GND
GND
GND
~-0.2V
4.0V, 150 mA
Tie to GND
Tie to GND
~-0.3V
4.0V, 120 mA
~-0.3V
4.0V, 120 mA
Tie to GND
GND
GND
Tie to GND
Tie to GND
-3V, 8 mA
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
NC
IF1
IF1
IF2
IF2
NC
GND LO GND VG3 VD3
VG1
VD1
VG2
VD2
GND RF GNDVG4
IRM
Q
Q
I
I
BUF
2x
BUF
BUF
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
13
14
15
16
17
18
24
23
22
21
20
19
7
8
9
10
11
12
U1019-QH
Page 9 of 10
MTTF Graphs
These numbers were calculated based on accelerated life test information and thermal model analysis received from the fabricating
foundry.
XU1019-QH : MTTF hours vs. Package Base Temperature
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg3=-3V
1.0 E+05
1.0 E+06
1.0 E+07
1.0 E+08
1.0 E+09
1.0 E+10
1.0 E+11
1.0 E+12
1.0 E+13
1.0 E+14
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 12 0
Backside Temp (ºC)
MTTF (hours)
XU1019-QH : Tch (max) vs. Package Base Temperature
Vd1,2,3=4V,Id1=120mA,Id2=120mA,Id3=150mA,Vg3=-3V
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Backside Temp (ºC)
Tch_max (ºC)
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
U1019-QH
Page 10 of 10
Handling and Assembly Information
CAUTION! - Mimix Broadband MMIC Products contain gallium arsenide (GaAs) which can be hazardous to the human body and the
environment. For safety, observe the following procedures:
• Do not ingest.
• Do not alter the form of this product into a gas, powder, or liquid through burning, crushing, or chemical processing as these
by-products are dangerous to the human body if inhaled, ingested, or swallowed.
• Observe government laws and company regulations when discarding this product. This product must be discarded in
accordance with methods specified by applicable hazardous waste procedures.
Electrostatic Sensitive Device - Observe all necessary precautions when handling.
Life Support Policy - Mimix Broadband's products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or
systems without the express written approval of the President and General Counsel of Mimix Broadband. As used herein: (1) Life
support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain
life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be
reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. (2) A critical component is any component of a life support device or
system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
Package Attachment - This packaged product from Mimix Broadband is provided as a rugged surface mount package compatible
with high volume solder installation. Vacuum tools or other suitable pick and place equipment may be used to pick and place this
part. Care should be taken to ensure that there are no voids or gaps in the solder connection so that good RF, DC and ground
connections are maintained. Voids or gaps can eventually lead not only to RF performance degradation, but reduced reliability and
life of the product due to thermal stress.
Mimix Lead-Free RoHS Compliant Program - Mimix has an active program in place to meet customer and governmental
requirements for eliminating lead (Pb) and other environmentally hazardous materials from our products. All Mimix RoHS compliant
components are form, fit and functional replacements for their non-RoHS equivalents. Lead plating of our RoHS compliant parts is
100% matte tin (Sn) over copper alloy and is backwards compatible with current standard SnPb low-temperature reflow processes as
well as higher temperature (260°C reflow) “Pb Free” processes.
Part Number for Ordering Description
XU1019-QH-0G00 Matte Tin plated RoHS compliant 4x4 24L QFN surface mount package in bulk quantity
XU1019-QH-0G0T Matte Tin plated RoHS compliant 4x4 24L QFN surface mount package in tape and reel
XU1019-QH-EV1 XU1019-QH evaluation board
Typical Reflow Profiles
Reflow Profile
Ramp Up Rate
Activation Time and Temperature
Time Above Melting Point
Max Peak Temperature
Time Within 5 ºC of Peak
Ramp Down Rate
SnPb
3-4 ºC/sec
60-120 sec @ 140-160 ºC
60-150 sec
240 ºC
10-20 sec
4-6 ºC/sec
Pb Free
3-4 ºC/sec
60-180 sec @ 170-200 ºC
60-150 sec
265 ºC
10-20 sec
4-6 ºC/sec
Caution: ESD Sensitive
Appropriate precautions in handling, packaging
and testing devices must be observed.
Proper ESD procedures should be followed when handling this device.
37.0-40.0 GHz Up-Converter
QFN, 4x4mm
Mimix Broadband, Inc., 10795 Rockley Rd., Houston, Texas 77099
Tel: 281.988.4600 Fax: 281.988.4615 mimixbroadband.com
Characteristic Data and Specifications are subject to change without notice. ©2010 Mimix Broadband, Inc.
Export of this item may require appropriate export licensing from the U.S. Government. In purchasing these parts, U.S. Domestic customers accept
their obligation to be compliant with U.S. Export Laws.
March 2010 - Rev 25-Mar-10
