1
HCPL-7800A/HCPL-7800
Isolation Amplifer
Datasheet
Description
The HCPL-7800(A) isolation amplier family was designed
for current sensing in electronic motor drives. In a typical
implementation, motor currents ow through an external
resistor and the resulting analog voltage drop is sensed
by the HCPL-7800(A). A dierential output voltage is
created on the other side of the HCPL-7800(A) optical
isolation barrier. This dierential output voltage is pro-
portional to the motor current and can be converted to
a single-ended signal by using an op-amp as shown in
the recommended application circuit. Since common-
mode voltage swings of several hundred volts in tens of
nanoseconds are common in modern switching inverter
motor drives, the HCPL-7800(A) was designed to ignore
very high common-mode transient slew rates (of at least
10 kV/µs).
The high CMR capability of the HCPL-7800(A) isolation
amplier provides the precision and stability needed to
accurately monitor motor current in high noise motor
control environ-ments, providing for smoother control
(less “torque ripple”) in various types of motor control
applications.
The product can also be used for general analog signal
isolation applications requiring high accuracy, stability,
and linearity under similarly severe noise con-ditions.
For general applications, we recommend the HCPL-7800
(gain tolerance of ±3%). For precision applications Avago
Technologies oers the HCPL-7800A with part-to-part
gain tolerance of ±1%. The HCPL-7800(A) utilizes sigma
delta (Σ−∆) analog-to-digital converter technology,
chopper stabilized ampliers, and a fully dierential
circuit topology.
Together, these features deliver unequaled isolation-
mode noise rejection, as well as excellent oset and
gain accuracy and stability over time and temperature.
This performance is delivered in a compact, auto-insert-
able, industry standard 8-pin DIP package that meets
worldwide regulatory safety standards. (A gull-wing
surface mount option #300 is also available).
Features
• 15 kV/µs Common-Mode Rejection at VCM = 1000 V
• Compact, Auto-Insertable Standard 8-pin DIP Package
• 0.00025 V/V/°C Gain Drift vs. Temperature
• 0.3 mV Input Oset Voltage
• 100 kHz Bandwidth
• 0.004% Nonlinearity
• Worldwide Safety Approval: UL 1577 (3750 Vrms/1 min.)
and CSA, IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2
• Advanced Sigma-Delta (Σ−∆) A/D Converter Technol-
ogy
• Fully Dierential Circuit Topology
Applications
• Motor Phase and Rail Current Sensing
• Inverter Current Sensing
• Switched Mode Power Supply Signal Isolation
• General Purpose Current Sensing and Monitoring
• General Purpose Analog Signal Isolation
Functional Diagram
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
IDD1
VDD1
VIN+
VIN-
GND1
IDD2
VDD2
VOUT+
VOUT-
GND2
+
-
+
-
SHIELD
CAUTION: It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in handling and assembly
of this component to prevent damage and /or degradation which may be induced by ESD.
Lead (Pb) Free
RoHS 6 fully
compliant
RoHS 6 fully compliant options available;
-xxxE denotes a lead-free product
NOTE: A 0.1 μF bypass capacitor must be connected
between pins 1 and 4 and between pins 5 and 8.
2
9.80 ± 0.25
(0.386 ± 0.010)
1.78 (0.070) MAX.
1.19 (0.047) MAX.
A 7800
YYWW
DATE CODE
1.080 ± 0.320
(0.043 ± 0.013)
2.54 ± 0.25
(0.100 ± 0.010)
0.51 (0.020) MIN.
0.65 (0.025) MAX.
4.70 (0.185) MAX.
2.92 (0.115) MIN.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS AND (INCHES).
NOTE:
FLOATING LEAD PROTRUSION IS 0.5 mm (20 mils) MAX.
5678
4321
5˚ TYP.
0.20 (0.008)
0.33 (0.013)
7.62 ± 0.25
(0.300 ± 0.010)
6.35 ± 0.25
(0.250 ± 0.010)
3.56 ± 0.13
(0.140 ± 0.005)
Note:
Initial or continued variation in the color of the HCPL-7800(A)’s white mold compound is normal and does not aect device performance or
reliability.
Package Outline Drawings
Standard DIP Package
Ordering Information
HCPL-7800A/HCPL-7800 is UL Recognized with 3750 Vrms for 1 minute per UL1577.
Part number
Option
Package
Surface
Mount Gull Wing Tape& Reel
IEC/EN/DIN
EN 60747-5-2 Quantity
RoHS
Compliant
Non-RoHS
Compliant
HCPL-7800A
HCPL-7800
-000E No option 300 mil DIP-8 X 50 per tube
-300E #300 X X X 50 per tube
-500E #500 X X X X 1000 per reel
To order, choose a part number from the part number column and combine with the desired option from the option
column to form an order entry.
Example 1:
HCPL-7800A-500E to order product of Gull Wing Surface Mount package in Tape and Reel packaging with
IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Safety Approval in RoHS compliant.
Example 2:
HCPL-7800 to order product of 300 mil DIP package in tube packaging and non-RoHS compliant.
Option datasheets are available. Contact your Avago sales representative or authorized distributor for information.
Remarks: The notation ‘#XXX’ is used for existing products, while (new) products launched since 15th July 2001 and
RoHS compliant option will use ‘-XXXE’.
3
Gull Wing Surface Mount Option 300
0.635 ± 0.25
(0.025 ± 0.010) 12˚ NOM.
9.65 ± 0.25
(0.380 ± 0.010)
0.635 ± 0.130
(0.025 ± 0.005)
7.62 ± 0.25
(0.300 ± 0.010)
5
6
7
8
4
3
2
1
9.80 ± 0.25
(0.386 ± 0.010)
6.350 ± 0.25
(0.250 ± 0.010)
1.016 (0.040)
1.27 (0.050)
10.9 (0.430)
2.0 (0.080)
LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION
1.080 ± 0.320
(0.043 ± 0.013)
3.56 ± 0.13
(0.140 ± 0.005)
1.780
(0.070)
MAX.
1.19
(0.047)
MAX.
2.54
(0.100)
BSC
NOTE: FLOATING LEAD PROTRUSION IS 0.5 mm (20 mils) MAX.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES).
TOLERANCES (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED): xx.xx = 0.01
xx.xxx = 0.005
A 7800
YYWW
LEAD COPLANARITY
MAXIMUM: 0.102 (0.004)
0.20 (0.008)
0.33 (0.013)
4
Maximum Solder Reow Thermal Prole
Recommended Pb-Free IR Prole
0
TIME (SECONDS)
TEMPERATURE (˚C)
200
100
50 150100 200 250
300
0
30
SEC.
50 SEC.
30
SEC.
160˚C
140˚C
150˚C
PEAK
TEMP.
245˚C
PEAK
TEMP.
240˚C
PEAK
TEMP.
230˚C
SOLDERING
TIME
200˚C
PREHEATING TIME
150˚C, 90 + 30 SEC.
2.5˚C ± 0.5˚C/SEC.
3˚C + 1˚C/–0.5˚C
TIGHT
TYPICAL
LOOSE
ROOM TEMPERATURE
PREHEATING RATE 3˚C + 1˚C/–0.5˚C/SEC.
REFLOW HEATING RATE 2.5˚C ± 0.5˚C/SEC.
217 ˚C
RAMP-DOWN
6 ˚C/SEC. MAX.
RAMP-UP
3 ˚C/SEC. MAX.
150 - 200 ˚C
260 +0/-5 ˚C
t 25 ˚C to PEAK
60 to 150 SEC.
20-40 SEC.
TIME WITHIN 5 ˚C of ACTUAL
PEAK TEMPERATURE
tp
ts
PREHEAT
60 to 180 SEC.
tL
TL
Tsmax
Tsmin
25
Tp
TIME (SECONDS)
TEMPERATURE (˚C)
NOTES:
THE TIME FROM 25 ˚C to PEAK TEMPERATURE = 8 MINUTES MAX.
Tsmax = 200 ˚C, Tsmin = 150 ˚C
Note: Use of non-chlorine-activated uxes is highly recommended.
Note: Use of non-chlorine-activated uxes is highly recommended.
5
Regulatory Information
The HCPL-7800(A) has been approved by the following organizations:
IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Insulation Characteristics[1]
Description Symbol Characteristic Unit
Installation classication per DIN VDE 0110/1.89, Table 1
for rated mains voltage 300 Vrms I-IV
for rated mains voltage 450 Vrms I-III
for rated mains voltage 600 Vrms I-II
Climatic Classication 55/100/21
Pollution Degree (DIN VDE 0110/1.89) 2
Maximum Working Insulation Voltage VIORM 891 VPEAK
Input to Output Test Voltage, Method b[2]
VIORM x 1.875 = VPR, 100% Production Test with VPR 1670 VPEAK
tm = 1 sec, Partial discharge < 5 pC
Input to Output Test Voltage, Method a[2]
VIORM x 1.5 = VPR, Type and Sample Test, VPR 1336 VPEAK
tm = 60 sec, Partial discharge < 5 pC
Highest Allowable Overvoltage VIOTM 6000 VPEAK
(Transient Overvoltage tini = 10 sec)
Safety-limiting values—maximum values
allowed in the event of a failure.
Case Temperature TS 175 °C
Input Current[3] IS,INPUT 400 mA
Output Power[3] PS,OUTPUT 600 mW
Insulation Resistance at TS, VIO = 500 V RS >109 Ω
IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2
Approved under:
IEC 60747-5-2:1997 + A1:2002
EN 60747-5-2:2001 + A1:2002
DIN EN 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884 Teil 2): 2003-01.
UL
Approved under UL 1577, component
recognition program up to VISO = 3750 Vrms.
CSA
Approved under CSA Component Acceptance
Notice #5, File CA 88324.
Notes:
1. Insulation characteristics are guaranteed only within the safety maximum ratings which must
be ensured by protective circuits within the application. Surface Mount Classication is Class A in
accordance with CECC00802.
2. Refer to the optocoupler section of the Isolation and Control Components Designer’s Catalog,
under Product Safety Regulations section, (IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2) for a detailed description
of Method a and Method b partial discharge test proles.
3. Refer to the following gure for dependence of PS and IS on ambient temperature.
OUTPUT POWER - PS, INPUT CURRENT - IS
0
0
TA - CASE TEMPERATURE - oC
20050
400
12525 75 100 150
600
800
200
100
300
500
700
175
P
S
(mW)
I
S
(mA)
6
Parameter Symbol Value Unit Conditions
Minimum External Air Gap
(Clearance)
L(101) 7.4 mm Measured from input terminals to output
terminals, shortest distance through air.
Minimum External Tracking
(Creepage)
L(102) 8.0 mm Measured from input terminals to output
terminals, shortest distance path along
body.
Minimum Internal Plastic Gap
(Internal Clearance)
0.5 mm Through insulation distance conductor
to conductor, usually the straight line dis-
tance thickness between the emitter and
detector.
Tracking Resistance
(Comparative Tracking Index)
CTI >175 Volts DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303 Part 1
Isolation Group III a Material Group
(DIN VDE 0110, 1/89, Table 1)
Insulation and Safety Related Specications
Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Note
Storage Temperature TS-55 125 °C
Operating Temperature TA- 40 100
Supply Voltage VDD1, VDD2 0 5.5 V
Steady-State Input Voltage
2 Second Transient Input Voltage
VIN+, VIN- -2.0
-6.0
VDD1 +0.5
Output Voltage VOUT -0.5 VDD2 +0.5
Solder Reow Temperature Prole See Package Outline Drawings Section
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Note
Ambient Operating Temperature TA-40 85 °C
Supply Voltage VDD1, VDD2 4.5 5.5 V
Input Voltage (accurate and linear) VIN+, VIN- -200 200 mV 1
Input Voltage (functional) VIN+, VIN- -2 2 V
Recommended Operating Conditions
7
DC Electrical Specications
Unless otherwise noted, all typicals and gures are at the nominal operating conditions of VIN+ = 0, VIN- = 0 V, VDD1 =
VDD2 = 5 V and TA = 25°C; all Min./Max. specications are within the Recommended Operating Conditions.
Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions Fig. Note
Input Oset Voltage VOS -2.0 0.3 2.0 mV TA = 25°C 1,2
-3.0 3.0 -40°C < TA < +85°C,
-4.5 V < (VDD1, VDD2) < 5.5 V
Magnitude of Input Oset
Change vs. Temperature
|DVOS/DTA| 3.0 10.0 µV/°C 3 2
Gain (HCPL-7800A) G17.92 8.00 8.08 V/V -200 mV < VIN+ < 200 mV,
TA = 25°C,
-200 mV < VIN+ < 200 mV
4,5,6 3
Gain (HCPL-7800) G37.76 8.00 8.24
Magnitude of VOUT
Gain Change
vs.Temperature
|DG/DTA| 0.00025 V/V/°C 4
VOUT 200 mV Nonlinearity NL200 0.0037 0.35 % -200 mV < VIN+ < 200 mV 7,8 5
Magnitude of VOUT
200 mV Nonlinearity
Change vs. Temperature
|dNL200/dT| 0.0002 % / °C
VOUT 100 mV Nonlinearity NL100 0.0027 0.2 % -100 mV < VIN+ < 100 mV 6
Maximum Input Voltage
before VOUT Clipping
|VIN+|MAX 308.0 mV 9
Input Supply Current IDD1 10.86 16.0 mA VIN+ = 400 mV 10 7
Output Supply Current IDD2 11.56 16.0 VIN+ = -400 mV 8
Input Current IIN+ -0.5 5.0 µA 11 9
Magnitude of Input
Bias Current vs.
Temperature Coefficient
|dIIN/dT| 0.45 nA/°C
Output Low Voltage VOL 1.29 V 10
Output High Voltage VOH 3.80 V
Output Common-Mode
Voltage
VOCM 2.2 2.545 2.8 V
Output Short-Circuit
Current
|IOSC| 18.6 mA 11
Equivalent Input Impedance RIN 500 kW
VOUT Output Resistance ROUT 15 W
Input DC Common-Mode
Rejection Ratio
CMRRIN 76 dB 12
8
Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition Fig. Note
Input-Output
Momentary Withstand
Voltage
VISO 3750 Vrms RH < 50%,
t = 1 min.
TA = 25°C
16,17
Resistance
(Input-Output)
RI-O >109Ω VI-O = 500 VDC 18
Capacitance
(Input-Output)
CI-O 1.2 pF ƒ = 1 MHz 18
Package Characteristics
AC Electrical Specications
Unless otherwise noted, all typicals and gures are at the nominal operating conditions of VIN+ = 0, VIN- = 0 V, VDD1 =
VDD2 = 5 V and TA = 25°C; all Min./Max. specications are within the Recommended Operating Conditions.
Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Conditions Fig. Note
VOUT Bandwidth
(-3 dB) sine wave.
BW 50 100 kHz VIN+ = 200 mVpk-pk 12,13
VOUT Noise NOUT 31.5 mVrms VIN+ = 0.0 V 13
VIN to VOUT
Signal Delay
(50 – 10%)
tPD10 2.03 3.3 mVrms Measured at output
of MC34081on
Figure 15.
4,15
VIN to VOUT
Signal Delay
(50 – 50%)
tPD50 3.47 5.6 µs VIN+ = 0 mV to 150
mV step.
VIN to VOUT
Signal Delay
(50 – 90%)
tPD90 4.99 9.9
VOUT
Rise/ Fall Time
(10 – 90%)
tR/F 2.96 6.6
Common
Mode Transient
Immunity
CMTI 10.0 15.0 kV/µs VCM = 1 kV, TA = 25°C 16 14
Power Supply
Rejection
PSR 170 mVrms With recommended
application circuit.
15
9
Notes:
General Note: Typical values represent the mean value of all char-
acterization units at the nominal operating conditions. Typical drift
specications are determined by calculating the rate of change of the
specied parameter versus the drift pa-rameter (at nominal operating
conditions) for each characterization unit, and then averaging the indi-
vidual unit rates. The corresponding drift gures are normalized to the
nominal operating conditions and show how much drift occurs as the
par-ticular drift parameter is varied from its nominal value, with all other
parameters held at their nominal operating values. Note that the typical
drift specications in the tables below may dier from the slopes of the
mean curves shown in the corresponding gures.
1. Avago Technologies recommends operation with VIN- = 0 V (tied to
GND1). Limiting VIN+ to 100 mV will improve DC nonlinearity and
nonlinearity drift. If VIN- is brought above VDD1 – 2 V, an internal test
mode may be activated. This test mode is for testing LED coupling
and is not intended for customer use.
2. This is the Absolute Value of Input Oset Change vs. Temperature.
3. Gain is dened as the slope of the best-t line of dierential output
voltage (VOUT+–VOUT- ) vs. dierential input voltage (VIN+–VIN-) over
the specied input range.
4. This is the Absolute Value of Gain Change vs. Temperature.
5. Nonlinearity is dened as half of the peak-to-peak output deviation
from the best-t gain line, expressed as a percentage of the full-scale
dierential output voltage.
6. NL100 is the nonlinearity specied over an input voltage range of
±100 mV.
7. The input supply current decreases as the dierential input voltage
(VIN+–VIN-) decreases.
8. The maximum specied output supply current occurs when the
dierential input voltage (VIN+–VIN-) = -200 mV, the maximum rec-
ommended operat-ing input voltage. However, the out-put supply
current will continue to rise for dierential input voltages up to
approximately -300 mV, beyond which the output supply current
remains constant.
9. Because of the switched-capacitor nature of the input sigma-delta
con-verter, time-averaged values are shown.
10. When the dierential input signal exceeds approximately 308 mV,
the outputs will limit at the typical values shown.
11. Short circuit current is the amount of output current generated when
either output is shorted to VDD2 or ground.
12. CMRR is defined as the ratio of the differential signal
gain (signal applied differentially between pins 2 and 3)
to the common-mode gain (input pins tied together and the signal
applied to both inputs at the same time), expressed in dB.
13. Output noise comes from two primary sources: chopper noise and
sigma-delta quantization noise. Chopper noise results from chopper
stabilization of the output op-amps. It occurs at a specic frequency
(typically 400 kHz at room temperature), and is not attenuated by
the internal output lter. A lter circuit can be easily added to the
external post-amplier to reduce the total rms output noise. The
internal output lter does eliminate most, but not all, of the sigma-
delta quantization noise. The magnitude of the output quantization
noise is very small at lower frequencies (below 10 kHz) and increases
with increasing frequency.
14. CMTI (Common Mode Transient Immunity or CMR, Common Mode
Rejection) is tested by applying an exponentially rising/falling voltage
step on pin 4 (GND1) with respect to pin 5 (GND2). The rise time of
the test waveform is set to approximately 50 ns. The amplitude of the
step is adjusted until the dierential output (VOUT+–VOUT-) exhibits
more than a 200 mV deviation from the average output voltage for
more than 1µs. The HCPL-7800(A) will continue to func-tion if more
than 10 kV/µs common mode slopes are applied, as long as the
breakdown voltage limitations are observed.
15. Data sheet value is the dierential amplitude of the transient at the
output of the HCPL-7800(A) when a 1 Vpk-pk, 1 MHz square wave with
40 ns rise and fall times is applied to both VDD1 and VDD2.
16. In accordance with UL 1577, each optocoupler is proof tested by
applying an insulation test voltage ≥4500 Vrms for 1 second (leakage
detection current limit, II-O ≤ 5 µA). This test is performed before
the 100% production test for partial discharge (method b) shown in
IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Insulation Characteristic Table.
17. The Input-Output Momentary Withstand Voltage is a dielectric
voltage rating that should not be interpreted as an input-output
continuous voltage rating. For the continuous voltage rating refer
to the IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 insulation characteristics table and
your equipment level safety specication.
18. This is a two-terminal measurement: pins 1–4 are shorted together
and pins 5–8 are shorted together.
10
Figure 3. Input Oset vs. Supply. Figure 4. Gain vs. Temperature.
Figure 1. Input Oset Voltage Test Circuit.
Figure 2. Input Oset Voltage vs. Temperature.
Figure 5. Gain and Nonlinearity Test Circuit.
T
A
- TEMPERATURE - ˚C
0.6
0.5
0.3
-25
0.8
35 95
0.2
0.7
-55 125
0.4
5 65
V
OS
- INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE - mV
G - GAIN - V/V
TA - TEMPERATURE - ¡C
8.025
8.02
8.015
-35
8.035
25 85
8.01
8.03
-55 1255 45 105-15 65
0.1 µF
VDD2
VOUT
8
7
6
1
3
HCPL-7800
5
2
4
0.1 µF
10 K
10 K
VDD1 +15 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
-15 V
+
-AD624CD
GAIN = 100
0.47
µF
0.47
µF
0.1 µF
VDD2
8
7
6
1
3
HCPL-7800
5
2
4
0.01 µF
10 K
10 K
+15 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
-15 V
+
-AD624CD
GAIN = 4
0.47
µF
0.47
µF
VDD1
13.2
404
VIN
VOUT
+15 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
-15 V
+
-AD624CD
GAIN = 10
10 K
0.47
µF
0.1 µF
11
Figure 12. Gain vs. Frequency. Figure 13. Phase vs. Frequency. Figure 14. Propagation Delay vs. Temperature.
Figure 6. Gain vs. Supply. Figure 7. Nonlinearity vs. Temperature. Figure 8. Nonlinearity vs. Supply.
Figure 9. Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage. Figure 10. Supply Current vs. Input Voltage. Figure 11. Input Current vs. Input Voltage.
G - GAIN - V/V
VDD - SUPPLY VOLTAGE - V
8.028
8.032
4.75 5.0
8.024
4.5 5.55.25
8.03
8.026
vs. VDD1
vs. VDD2
NL - NONLINEARITY - %
TA - TEMPERATURE - ¡C
0.02
0.015
0.005
-25
0.03
35 95
0
0.025
-55 125
0.01
5 65
NL - NONLINEARITY - %
VDD - SUPPLY VOLTAGE - V
0.005
4.75 5.0
0.002
4.5 5.55.25
0.004
0.003
vs. VDD1
vs. VDD2
VO - OUTPUT VOLTAGE - V
VIN - INPUT VOLTAGE - V
2.6
1.8
-0.3
4.2
-0.1 0.1 0.3
VOP
VOR
1.0
3.4
-0.5 0.5
IDD - SUPPLY CURRENT - mA
VIN - INPUT VOLTAGE - V
7
-0.3
13
-0.1 0.1 0.3
4
10
-0.5 0.5
IDD1
IDD2
IIN - INPUT CURRENT - µA
VIN - INPUT VOLTAGE - V
-3
-0.4
0
-0.2 0.2 0.4
-5
-1
-0.6 0.6
-2
-4
0
GAIN - dB
FREQUENCY (Hz)
-2
1
-4
0
10 100000
-1
-3
1000100 10000
PHASE - DEGREES
FREQUENCY (Hz)
-100
50
-300
0
10 100000
-50
-150
1000
-200
-250
100 10000
PD - PROPAGATION DELAY - µS
TA - TEMPERATURE - ˚C
3.1
-25
5.5
5 65 95
1.5
4.7
-55 125
3.9
2.3
35
Tpd 10
Tpd 50
Tpd 90
Trise
12
Figure 15. Propagation Delay Test Circuits.
Figure 16. CMTI Test Circuits.
0.1 µF
VDD2
VOUT
8
7
6
1
3
HCPL-7800
5
2
4
2 K
2 K
+15 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
-15 V
-
+MC34081
0.1 µF
10 K
10 K
0.01 µF
VDD1
VIN
VIN IMPEDANCE LESS THAN 10 Ω.
0.1 µF
VDD2
VOUT
8
7
6
1
3
HCPL-7800
5
2
4
2 K
2 K
78L05
+15 V
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
-15 V
-
+MC34081
150
pF
IN OUT
0.1
µF
0.1
µF
9 V
PULSE GEN.
VCM
+-
10 K
10 K
150 pF
13
Figure 17. Recommended Supply and Sense Resistor Connections.
HCPL-7800
C1
0.1 µF
R2
39 Ω
GATE DRIVE
CIRCUIT
FLOATING
POWER
SUPPLY
* * *
HV+
* * *
HV-
* * *
-+
RSENSE
MOTOR
C2
0.01 µF
D1
5.1 V
-
+
R1
Application Information
Power Supplies and Bypassing
The recommended supply con-nections are shown in
Figure 17. A oating power supply (which in many ap-
plications could be the same supply that is used to drive
the high-side power transistor) is regulated to 5 V using
a simple zener diode (D1); the value of resistor R4 should
be chosen to supply sucient current from the existing
oating supply. The voltage from the current sensing
resistor (Rsense) is applied to the input of the HCPL-
7800(A) through an RC anti-aliasing lter (R2 and C2).
Although the application circuit is relatively simple, a few
recommendations should be followed to ensure optimal
performance.
The power supply for the HCPL -7800(A) is most often
obtained from the same supply used to power the
power transistor gate drive circuit. If a dedicated supply
is required, in many cases it is possible to add an ad-
ditional winding on an existing transformer. Otherwise,
some sort of simple isolated supply can be used, such as
a line powered transformer or a high-frequency DC-DC
converter.
An inexpensive 78L05 three-terminal regulator can also
be used to reduce the oating supply voltage to 5 V. To
help attenuate high-frequency power supply noise or
ripple, a resistor or inductor can be used in series with
the input of the regulator to form a low-pass lter with
the regulator’s input bypass capacitor.
14
As shown in Figure 18, 0.1 µF bypass capacitors (C1, C2)
should be located as close as possible to the pins of the
HCPL-7800(A). The bypass capacitors are required because
of the high-speed digital nature of the signals inside the
HCPL-7800(A). A 0.01 µF bypass capacitor (C2) is also rec-
ommended at the input due to the switched-capacitor
nature of the input circuit. The input bypass capacitor
also forms part of the anti-aliasing lter, which is recom-
mended to prevent high-frequency noise from aliasing
down to lower frequencies and interfering with the input
signal. The input lter also performs an important reliabil-
ity function—it reduces transient spikes from ESD events
owing through the current sensing resistor.
Figure 18: Recommended Application Circuit.
0.1 µF
+5 V
VOUT
8
7
6
1
3
U2
5
2
4
R1
2.00 K
+15 V
C8
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
-15 V
-
+MC34081
R3
10.0 K
HCPL-7800
C4
R4
10.0 K
C6
150 pF
U3
U1
78L05
IN OUT
C1 C2
0.01
µF
R5
68
GATE DRIVE
CIRCUIT
POSITIVE
FLOATING
SUPPLY
HV+
* * *
HV-
-+
RSENSE
MOTOR
C5
150 pF
0.1
µF
0.1
µF
C3
C7
R2
2.00 K
* * *
* * *
PC Board Layout
The design of the printed circuit board (PCB) should follow
good layout practices, such as keeping bypass capacitors
close to the supply pins, keeping output signals away
from input signals, the use of ground and power planes,
etc. In addition, the layout of the PCB can also aect the
isolation transient immunity (CMTI) of the HCPL-7800(A),
due primarily to stray capacitive coupling between the
input and the output circuits. To obtain optimal CMTI
performance, the layout of the PC board should minimize
any stray coupling by maintaining the maximum possible
distance between the input and output sides of the circuit
and ensuring that any ground or power plane on the PC
board does not pass directly below or extend much wider
than the body of the HCPL-7800(A).
C3
C2 C4
R5
TO RSENSE+
TO RSENSE-
TO VDD1
TO VDD2
VOUT+
VOUT-
Figure 19. Example Printed Circuit Board Layout.
15
Figure 20. Motor Output Horsepower vs. Motor Phase Current and Supply Voltage.
MOTOR PHASE CURRENT - A (rms)
15
5
40
10 25 30
0
35
0 35
25
10
20
440 V
380 V
220 V
120 V
30
20
5
15
MOTOR OUTPUT POWER - HORSEPOWER
The maximum average power dissipation in the sense
resistor can also be easily calculated by multiplying the
sense resistance times the square of the maximum RMS
current, which is about 1 W in the previous example. If
the power dissipation in the sense resistor is too high, the
resistance can be decreased below the maximum value
to decrease power dissipation. The minimum value of the
sense resistor is limited by precision and accuracy require-
ments of the design. As the resistance value is reduced,
the output voltage across the resistor is also reduced,
which means that the oset and noise, which are xed,
Current Sensing Resistors
The current sensing resistor should have low resistance (to
minimize power dissipation), low inductance (to minimize
di/dt induced voltage spikes which could adversely aect
operation), and reasonable tolerance (to maintain overall
circuit accuracy). Choosing a particular value for the
resistor is usually a compro-mise between minimizing
power dissipation and maximizing accu-racy. Smaller
sense resistance decreases power dissipation, while larger
sense resistance can improve circuit accuracy by utilizing
the full input range of the HCPL -7800(A).
The rst step in selecting a sense resistor is determining
how much current the resistor will be sensing. The graph
in Figure 20 shows the RMS current in each phase of a
three-phase induction motor as a function of average
motor output power (in horsepower, hp) and motor
drive supply voltage. The maximum value of the sense
re-sistor is determined by the current being measured
and the maxi-mum recommended input voltage of the
isolation amplier. The maximum sense resistance can
be calculated by taking the maxi-mum recommended
input voltage and dividing by the peak current that the
sense resistor should see during normal operation. For
example, if a motor will have a maximum RMS current
of 10 A and can experience up to 50% overloads during
normal op-eration, then the peak current is 21.1 A (=10 x
1.414 x 1.5). Assuming a maximum input voltage of 200
mV, the maximum value of sense resistance in this case
would be about 10 mΩ.
become a larger percentage of the signal amp-litude. The
selected value of the sense resistor will fall somewhere
between the minimum and maximum values, depending
on the particular requirements of a specic design.
When sensing currents large enough to cause signicant
heating of the sense resistor, the temperature coecient
(tempco) of the resistor can introduce nonlinearity due to
the signal dependent temperature rise of the resistor. The
eect increases as the resistor-to-ambient thermal resis-
tance increases. This eect can be minimized by reducing
the thermal resistance of the current sensing resistor or
by using a resistor with a lower tempco. Lowering the
thermal resistance can be accomplished by repositioning
the current sensing resistor on the PC board, by using
larger PC board traces to carry away more heat, or by
using a heat sink.
For a two-terminal current sensing resistor, as the value
of resistance decreases, the re-sistance of the leads
become a signicant percentage of the total resistance.
This has two primary eects on resistor accuracy. First,
the eective resistance of the sense resistor can become
dependent on factors such as how long the leads are, how
they are bent, how far they are inserted into the board,
and how far solder wicks up the leads during assembly
(these issues will be discussed in more detail shortly).
Second, the leads are typically made from a material, such
as copper, which has a much higher tempco than the
material from which the resistive element itself is made,
resulting in a higher tempco overall.
Both of these eects are eliminated when a four-terminal
current sensing resistor is used. A four- terminal resistor
has two additional terminals that are Kelvin-connected
directly across the resistive element itself; these two
terminals are used to monitor the voltage across the
resistive element while the other two terminals are used
to carry the load current. Because of the Kelvin connection,
any voltage drops across the leads carrying the load current
should have no impact on the measured voltage.
When laying out a PC board for the current sensing
resistors, a couple of points should be kept in mind. The
Kelvin connections to the resistor should be brought
together under the body of the resistor and then run very
close to each other to the input of the HCPL-7800(A); this
minimizes the loop area of the connection and reduces
the possibility of stray magnetic elds from interfering
with the measured signal. If the sense resistor is not
located on the same PC board as the HCPL-7800(A) circuit,
a tightly twisted pair of wires can accomplish the same
thing.
Also, multiple layers of the PC board can be used to
increase current carrying capacity. Numerous plated-
through vias should surround each non-Kelvin terminal of
16
the sense resistor to help distribute the current between
the layers of the PC board. The PC board should use 2 or
4 oz. copper for the layers, resulting in a current carrying
capacity in excess of 20 A. Making the current carrying
Note: Please refer to Avago Technologies Application Note 1078 for
additional information on using Isolation Ampliers.
Sense Resistor Connections
The recommended method for connecting the HCPL-
7800(A) to the current sensing resistor is shown in Figure
18. VIN+ (pin 2 of the HPCL-7800(A)) is connected to the
positive terminal of the sense resistor, while VIN- (pin
3) is shorted to GND1 (pin 4), with the power-supply
return path functioning as the sense line to the negative
terminal of the current sense resistor. This allows a single
pair of wires or PC board traces to connect the HCPL-
7800(A) circuit to the sense resistor. By referencing the
input circuit to the negative side of the sense resistor,
any load current induced noise transients on the resistor
are seen as a common-mode signal and will not interfere
with the current-sense signal. This is important because
the large load currents owing through the motor drive,
along with the parasitic inductances inherent in the
wiring of the circuit, can generate both noise spikes and
osets that are relatively large compared to the small
voltages that are being measured across the current
sensing resistor.
If the same power supply is used both for the gate
drive circuit and for the current sensing circuit, it is very
important that the connection from GND1 of the HCPL-
7800(A) to the sense resistor be the only return path for
supply current to the gate drive power supply in order
to eliminate potential ground loop problems. The only
direct connection between the HCPL-7800(A) circuit
and the gate drive circuit should be the positive power
supply line.
Output Side
The op-amp used in the external post-amplier circuit
should be of suciently high precision so that it does not
contribute a signicant amount of oset or oset drift
relative to the contribution from the isolation amplier.
Generally, op-amps with bipolar input stages exhibit
better oset performance than op-amps with JFET or
MOSFET input stages.
In addition, the op-amp should also have enough
bandwidth and slew rate so that it does not adversely
aect the response speed of the overall circuit. The post-
amplier circuit includes a pair of capacitors (C5 and C6)
that form a single-pole low-pass lter; these capacitors
allow the bandwidth of the post-amp to be adjusted
independently of the gain and are useful for reducing
the output noise from the isola-tion amplier. Many
dierent op-amps could be used in the circuit, including:
MC34082A (Motorola), TLO32A, TLO52A, and TLC277
(Texas Instruments), LF412A (National Semiconductor).
The gain-setting resistors in the post-amp should have a
tolerance of 1% or better to ensure adequate CMRR and
adequate gain toler-ance for the overall circuit. Resistor
networks can be used that have much better ratio toler-
ances than can be achieved using discrete resistors. A
resistor network also reduces the total number of compo-
nents for the circuit as well as the required board space.
17
1. THE BASICS
1.1: Why should I use the HCPL-7800(A) for sensing cur-
rent when Hall-eect sensors are available which don’t
need an isolated supply voltage?
Available in an auto-insertable, 8-pin DIP package, the
HCPL-7800(A) is smaller than and has better linearity,
oset vs. temperature and Common Mode Rejection
(CMR) performance than most Hall-eect sensors. Ad-
ditionally, often the required input-side power supply
can be derived from the same supply that powers the
gate-drive optocoupler.
2. SENSE RESISTOR AND INPUT FILTER
2.1: Where do I get 10 mΩ resistors? I have never seen one
that low.
Although less common than values above 10 Ω, there
are quite a few manufacturers of resistors suitable for
measuring currents up to 50 A when combined with
the HCPL-7800(A). Example product information may be
found at Dale’s web site (http://www.vishay.com/vishay/
dale) and Isotek’s web site (http://www.isotekcorp.com).
2.2: Should I connect both inputs across the sense resistor
instead of grounding VIN- directly to pin 4?
This is not necessary, but it will work. If you do, be sure
to use an RC lter on both pin 2 (VIN+) and pin 3 (VIN-) to
limit the input voltage at both pads.
2.3: Do I really need an RC lter on the input? What is it
for? Are other values of R and C okay?
The input anti-aliasing lter (R=39 Ω, C=0.01 µF) shown
in the typical application circuit is recommended for
ltering fast switching voltage transients from the input
signal. (This helps to attenuate higher signal frequencies
which could otherwise alias with the input sampling rate
and cause higher input oset voltage.)
Some issues to keep in mind using dierent lter resistors
or capacitors are:
1. Filter resistor: Input bias current for pins 2 and 3: This
is on the order of 500 nA. If you are using a single
lter resistor in series with pin 2 but not pin 3 the IxR
drop across this resistor will add to the oset error of
the device. As long as this IR drop is small compared
to the input oset voltage there should not be a
problem. If larger-valued resistors are used in series,
it is better to put half of the resistance in series with
pin 2 and half the resistance in series with pin 3. In
this case, the oset voltage is due mainly to resistor
mismatch (typically less than 1% of the resistance
design value) multiplied by the input bias.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT
THE HCPL-7800(A)
2. Filter resistor: The equivalent input resistance for
HCPL-7800(A) is around 500 kΩ. It is therefore best
to ensure that the lter resistance is not a signicant
percentage of this value; otherwise the oset voltage
will be increased through the resistor divider eect.
[As an example, if Rlt = 5.5 kΩ, then VOS = (Vin * 1%)
= 2 mV for a maximum 200 mV input and VOS will
vary with respect to Vin.]
3. The input bandwidth is changed as a result of this
dierent R-C lter conguration. In fact this is one
of the main reasons for changing the input-lter R-C
time constant.
4. Filter capacitance: The input capacitance of the
HCPL-7800(A) is approximately 1.5 pF. For proper
operation the switching input-side sampling
capacitors must be charged from a relatively xed
(low impedance) voltage source. Therefore, if a lter
capacitor is used it is best for this capacitor to be a
few orders of magnitude greater than the CINPUT (A
value of at least 100 pF works well.)
2.4: How do I ensure that the HCPL-7800(A) is not de-
stroyed as a result of short circuit conditions which cause
voltage drops across the sense resistor that exceed the rat-
ings of the HCPL-7800(A)’s inputs?
Select the sense resistor so that it will have less than 5 V
drop when short circuits occur. The only other require-
ment is to shut down the drive before the sense resistor
is damaged or its solder joints melt. This ensures that the
input of the HCPL-7800(A) can not be damaged by sense
resistors going open-circuit.
3. ISOLATION AND INSULATION
3.1: How many volts will the HCPL-7800(A) withstand?
The momentary (1 minute) withstand voltage is 3750 V
rms per UL 1577 and CSA Component Acceptance Notice
#5.
4. ACCURACY
4.1: Can the signal to noise ratio be improved?
Yes. Some noise energy exists beyond the 100 kHz
bandwidth of the HCPL-7800(A). Additional filtering
using dierent lter R,C values in the post-amplier
application circuit can be used to improve the signal
to noise ratio. For example, by using values of R3 = R4
= 10 kΩ, C5 = C6 = 470 pF in the application circuit
the rms output noise will be cut roughly by a factor of
2. In applications needing only a few kHz bandwidth
even better noise performance can be obtained. The
noise spectral density is roughly 500 nV/š Hz below
20 kHz (input referred).
4.2: Does the gain change if the internal LED light output
degrades with time?
No. The LED is used only to transmit a digital pattern.
Avago Technologies has accounted for LED degradation
in the design of the product to ensure long life.
5. POWER SUPPLIES AND START-UP
5.1: What are the output voltages before the input side
power supply is turned on?
VO+ is close to 1.29 V and VO- is close to 3.80 V. This is
equivalent to the output response at the condition that
LED is completely o.
5.2: How long does the HCPL-7800(A) take to begin work-
ing properly after power-up?
Within 1 ms after VDD1 and VDD2 powered the device
starts to work. But it takes longer time for output to settle
down completely. In case of the oset measurement
while both inputs are tied to ground there is initially VOS
adjustment (about 60 ms). The output completely settles
down in 100 ms after device powering up.
6. MISCELLANEOUS
6.1: How does the HCPL-7800(A) measure negative signals
with only a +5 V supply?
The inputs have a series resistor for protection against
large negative inputs. Normal signals are no more than
200 mV in amplitude. Such signals do not forward bias
any junctions sufficiently to interfere with accurate
operation of the switched capacitor input circuit.
For product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our web site: www.avagotech.com
Avago, Avago Technologies, and the A logo are trademarks of Avago Technologies, Limited in the United States and other countries.
Data subject to change. Copyright © 2006 Avago Technologies Limited. All rights reserved. Obsoletes 5989-2161EN
AV02-0410EN - May 29, 2007