PIC16HV540 Enhanced PIC16C54 EPROM-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller With On-Chip Voltage Regulator High-Performance RISC CPU: Pin Configurations Peripheral Features: 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. RA2 RA3 T0CKI MCLR/VPP VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 *1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 RA1 RA0 OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT VDD RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 RA1 RA0 OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT VDD VDD RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 SSOP RA2 RA3 T0CKI MCLR/VPP VSS VSS RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 *1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PIC16HV540 * 8-bit real time clock/counter (TMR0) with 8-bit programmable prescaler * Power-On Reset (POR) * Brown-Out Protection * Device Reset Timer (DRT) with short RC oscillator start-up time * Programmable Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation * Sleep Timer * 8 High Voltage I/O * 4 Regulated I/O * Wake up from SLEEP on-pin change * Programmable code protection * Power saving SLEEP mode * Selectable oscillator options: - RC: Low-cost RC oscillator - XT: Standard crystal/resonator - HS: High speed crystal/resonator - LP: Power saving, low frequency crystal * Glitch filtering on MCLR and pin change inputs PDIP, SOIC, Windowed CERDIP PIC16HV540 * Only 33 single word instructions to learn * All instructions are single cycle (200 ns) except for program branches which are two-cycle * Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input DC - 200 ns instruction cycle * 12-bit wide instructions * 8-bit wide data path * Seven special function hardware registers * Four-level deep hardware stack * Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes for data and instructions CMOS Technology: * Selectable on-chip 3V/5V Regulator * Low-power, high-speed CMOS EPROM technology * Fully static design * Wide-operating voltage range: - 3.5V to 15V * Temperature range: - Commercial: 0C to 70C - Industrial: -40C to 85C * Low-power consumption - < 2 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz - 15 A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz - < 4.5 A typical standby current @ 15V (with WDT disabled), 0C to 70C Preliminary DS40197B-page 1 PIC16HV540 Table of Contents 1.0 General Description ..................................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 PIC16HV540 Device Varieties ..................................................................................................................... 5 3.0 Architectural Overview ................................................................................................................................. 7 4.0 Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................ 11 5.0 I/O Ports..................................................................................................................................................... 19 6.0 Timer0 Module and TMR0 Register........................................................................................................... 25 7.0 Special Features of the CPU ..................................................................................................................... 31 8.0 Instruction Set Summary ........................................................................................................................... 43 9.0 Development Support ................................................................................................................................ 55 10.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16HV540 ................................................................................................... 61 11.0 DC and AC Characteristics - PIC16HV540................................................................................................ 69 12.0 Packaging Information ............................................................................................................................... 73 Index ........................................................................................................................................................................ 79 On-Line Support ....................................................................................................................................................... 81 Reader Response .................................................................................................................................................... 82 PIC16HV540 Product Identification System............................................................................................................. 83 To Our Valued Customers Most Current Data Sheet To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please check our Worldwide Web site at: http://www.microchip.com You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page. The last character of the literature number is the version number. e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000. Errata An errata sheet may exist for current devices, describing minor operational differences (from the data sheet) and recommended workarounds. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revision of silicon and revision of document to which it applies. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following: * Microchip's Worldwide Web site; http://www.microchip.com * Your local Microchip sales office (see last page) * The Microchip Corporate Literature Center; U.S. FAX: (480) 786-7277 When contacting a sales office or the literature center, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are using. Corrections to this Data Sheet We constantly strive to improve the quality of all our products and documentation. We have spent a great deal of time to ensure that this document is correct. However, we realize that we may have missed a few things. If you find any information that is missing or appears in error, please: * Fill out and mail in the reader response form in the back of this data sheet. * E-mail us at webmaster@microchip.com. We appreciate your assistance in making this a better document. DS40197B-page 2 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The PIC16HV540 from Microchip Technology is a lowcost, high-performance, 8-bit, fully-static, EPROMbased CMOS microcontroller. It is pin and software compatible with the PIC16C5X family of devices. It employs a RISC architecture with only 33 single word/ single cycle instructions. All instructions are single cycle except for program branches, which take two cycles. The PIC16HV540 delivers performance an order of magnitude higher than its competitors in the same price category. The 12-bit wide instructions are highly orthogonal resulting in 2:1 code compression over other 8-bit microcontrollers in its class. The easyto-use and easy-to-remember instruction set reduces development time significantly. The PIC16HV540 is the first One-Time-Programmable (OTP) microcontroller with an on-chip 3 volt and 5 volt regulator. This eliminates the need for an external regulator in many applications powered from 9 Volt or 12 Volt batteries or unregulated 6 volt, 9 volt or 12 volt mains adapters. The PIC16HV540 is ideally suited for applications that require very low standby current at high voltages. These typically require expensive low current regulators. The PIC16HV540 is equipped with special features that reduce system cost and power requirements. The PowerOn Reset (POR) and Device Reset Timer (DRT) eliminate the need for external reset circuitry. There are four oscillator configurations to choose from, including the powersaving LP (Low Power) oscillator, cost saving RC oscillator, and XT and HS for crystal oscillators. Power saving SLEEP mode, Watchdog Timer and code protection features improve system cost, power and reliability. The UV erasable CERDIP packaged versions are ideal for code development, while the cost-effective OTP versions are suitable for production in any volume. The customer can take full advantage of Microchip's price leadership in OTP microcontrollers, while benefiting from the OTP's flexibility. The PIC16HV540 is supported by a full-featured macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-circuit emulator, a low-cost development programmer, and a full featured programmer. All the tools are supported on IBM PC and compatible machines. 1.1 Applications 1.2 Enhanced Features 1.2.1 REGULATED I/O PORTA INDEPENDENT OF CORE REGULATOR PORTA I/O pads and OSC2 output are powered by the regulated internal voltage VIO. A maximum of 10mA per output is allowed, or a total of 40mA. The core itself is powered from the independently regulated supply VREG. 1.2.2 HIGH VOLTAGE I/O PORTB All eight PORTB I/Os are high voltage I/O. The inputs will tolerate input voltages as high as the VDD and outputs will swing from VSS to the VDD. The input threshold voltages vary with supply voltage. (See Electrical Characteristics.) 1.2.3 WAKE-UP ON PIN CHANGE ON PORTB [0:3] Four of the PORTB inputs latch the status of the pin at the onset of sleep mode. A level change on the inputs resets the device, implementing wake up on pin change (via warm reset). The PCWUF bit in the status register is reset to indicate that a pin change caused the reset condition. Any pin change (glitch insensitive) of the opposite level of the initial value wakes up the device. This option can be enabled/disabled in OPTION2 register. (See OPTION2 Register, Register 4-3.) 1.2.4 WAKE-UP ON PIN CHANGE WITH A SLOWLY-RISING VOLTAGE ON PORTB [7] PORTB [7] also implements wake up from sleep, however this input is specifically adapted so that a slowly rising voltage does not cause excessive power consumption. This input can be used with external RC circuits for long sleep periods without using the internal timer and prescaler. This option is also enabled/disabled in OPTION2 register. (The enable/disable bit is shared with the other 4 wake-up inputs.) The PCWUF bit in the status register is also shared with the other four wake-up inputs. 1.2.5 The PIC16HV540 fits in low-power battery applications such as CO and smoke detection, toys, games, security systems and automobile modules. The EPROM technology makes customizing of application programs (transmitter codes, receiver frequencies, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The small footprint package, for through hole or surface mounting, make this microcontroller suitable for applications with space limitations. Low-cost, low-power, high-performance, ease of use and I/O flexibility make the PIC16HV540 very versatile even in areas where no microcontroller 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. use has been considered before (e.g., timer functions, replacement of "glue" logic in larger systems, coprocessor applications). LOW-VOLTAGE (BROWN-OUT) DETECTION A low voltage (Brown-out) detect circuit optionally resets the device at a voltage level higher than that at which the PICmicro(R) device stops operating. The nominal trip voltages are 3.1 volts (for 5 volt operation) and 2.2 volt (for 3 volt operation), respectively. The core remains in the reset state as long as this condition holds (as if a MCLR external reset was given). The Brown-out trip level is user selectable, with built-in interlocks. The Brown-out detector is disabled at power-up and is activated by clearing the appropriate bit (BODEN) in OPTION2 register. Preliminary DS40197B-page 3 PIC16HV540 1.2.6 TABLE 1-1: INCREASED STACK DEPTH The stack depth is 4 levels to allow modular program implementation by using functions and subroutines. 1.2.7 ENHANCED WATCHDOG TIMER (WDT) OPERATION The WDT is enabled by setting FUSE 2 in the configuration word. The WDT setting is latched and the fuse disabled during SLEEP mode to reduce current consumption. If the WDT is disabled by FUSE 2, it can be enabled/disabled under program control using bit 4 in OPTION2 Register (SWDTEN). The software WDT control is disabled at power-up. The current consumption of the on-chip oscillator (used for the watchdog, oscillator startup timer and sleep timer) is less than 1A (typical) at 3 Volt operation. 1.2.8 PIC16HV540 DEVICE PIC16HV540 Clock Maximum Frequency (MHz) 20 Memory EPROM Program Memory 512 RAM Data Memory (bytes) Peripherals Timer Module(s) Packages I/O Pins 12 Voltage Range (Volts) Number of Instructions Packages 25 TMR0 3.5V-15V 33 18-pin DIP SOIC 20-pin SSOP All PICmicro devices have Power-on Reset, selectable WDT, selectable code protect and high I/O current capability. REDUCED EXTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR STARTUP TIME If the RC oscillator option is selected in the Configuration word (FOSC1=1 and FOSCO=1), the oscillator startup time is 1.0 ms nominal instead of 18 ms nominal. This is applicable after power-up (POR), either WDT interrupt or wake-up, external reset on MCLR, PCWU (wake on pin change) and Brown-out. 1.2.9 LOW-VOLTAGE OPERATION OF THE ENTIRE CPU DURING SLEEP The voltage regulator can automatically lower the voltage to the core from 5 Volt to 3 Volt during sleep, resulting in reduced current consumption. This is an option bit (SL) in the OPTION2 register. 1.2.10 GLITCH FILTERS ON WAKE-UP PINS AND MCLR Glitch sensitive inputs for wake-up on pin change are filtered to reduce susceptibility to interference. A similar filter reduces false reset on MCLR. 1.2.11 PROGRAMMABLE CLOCK GENERATOR When used in RC mode, the CLKOUT pin can be used as a programmable clock output. The output is connected to TMR0, bit 0 and by setting the prescaler, clock out frequencies of CLKIN/8 to CLKIN/1024 can be generated. The CLKOUT pin can also be used as a general purpose output by modifying TMR0, bit 0. DS40197B-page 4 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 2.0 PIC16HV540 DEVICE VARIETIES 2.3 A variety of frequency ranges and packaging options are available. Depending on application and production requirements, the proper device option can be selected using the information in this section. When placing orders, please use the PIC16HV540 Product Identification System at the back of this data sheet to specify the correct part number. For the PIC16HV540 family of devices, there is one device type, as indicated in the device number: 1. 2.1 HV, as in PIC16HV540. These devices have EPROM program memory and operate over the standard voltage range of 3.5 to 15 volts. UV Erasable Devices The UV erasable versions, offered in CERDIP packages, are optimal for prototype development and pilot programs. UV erasable devices can be programmed for any of the four oscillator configurations. Microchip's PICSTART and PRO MATE programmers both support programming of the PIC16HV540. Third party programmers also are available; refer to Literature Number DS00104 for a list of sources. 2.2 Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP) Devices Microchip offers a QTP Programming Service for factory production orders. This service is made available for users who choose not to program a medium to high quantity of units and whose code patterns have stabilized. The devices are identical to the OTP devices but with all EPROM locations and configuration bit options already programmed by the factory. Certain code and prototype verification procedures apply before production shipments are available. (Please contact your Microchip Technology sales office for more details.) 2.4 Serialized Quick-TurnaroundProduction (SQTP) Devices Microchip offers the unique programming service where a few user-defined locations in each device are programmed with different serial numbers. The serial numbers may be random, pseudo-random or sequential. Serial programming allows each device to have a unique number which can serve as an entry code, password or ID number. (Please contact your Microchip Technology sales office for more details.) One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for customers expecting frequent code changes and updates. The OTP devices, packaged in plastic packages, permit the user to program them once. In addition to the program memory, the configuration bits must be programmed. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 5 PIC16HV540 NOTES: DS40197B-page 6 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW The high performance of the PIC16HV540 can be attributed to a number of architectural features commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with, the PIC16HV540 uses a Harvard architecture in which program and data are accessed on separate buses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von Neumann architecture where program and data are fetched on the same bus. Separating program and data memory further allows instructions to be sized differently than the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are 12bits wide making it possible to have all single word instructions. A 12-bit wide program memory access bus fetches a 12-bit instruction in a single cycle. A twostage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instructions. Consequently, all instructions (33) execute in a single cycle (200ns @ 20MHz) except for program branches. The PIC16HV540 address 512 x 12 of program memory. All program memory is internal. The PIC16HV540 can directly or indirectly address its register files and data memory. All special function registers including the program counter are mapped in the data memory. The PIC16HV540 has a highly orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to carry out any operation on any register using any addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of `special optimal situations' make programming with the PIC16HV540 simple yet efficient. In addition, the learning curve is reduced significantly. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. The PIC16HV540 device contains an 8-bit ALU and working register. The ALU is a general purpose arithmetic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between data in the working register and any register file. The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, subtraction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's complement in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand is the W (working) register. The other operand is either a file register or an immediate constant. In single operand instructions, the operand is either the W register or a file register. The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU operations. It is not an addressable register. Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits operate as a borrow and digit borrow out bit, respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBWF and ADDWF instructions for examples. A simplified block diagram is shown in Figure 3-1, with the corresponding device pins described in Table 3-1. Preliminary DS40197B-page 7 PIC16HV540 FIGURE 3-1: PIC16HV540 BLOCK DIAGRAM VDD 3V/5V Regulator VREG 4 RB<3:0> RB7 FILTER BOD RL/SL PC (PIN CHANGE) SWDTEN (OPTION2 REGISTER) BODL/BODEN PCWU 9-11 T0CKI PIN STACK 1 9-11 EPROM 512 X 12 CONFIGURATION WORD "DISABLE" STACK 2 PC "OSC SELECT" STACK 3 12 INSTRUCTION REGISTER 9 12 2 WATCHDOG TIMER STACK 4 WDT TIME OUT "CODE PROTECT" OSCILLATOR/ TIMING & CONTROL CLKOUT WDT/TMR0 PRESCALER "SLEEP" 8 INSTRUCTION DECODER 6 6 "TRIS 7" FROM W FROM W 5 DIRECT RAM ADDRESS LITERALS 8 "OPTION" OPTION REG OPTION2 DIRECT ADDRESS OSC1 OSC2 MCLR 5-7 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE (SRAM) 25 Bytes STATUS TMR0 FSR 8 DATA BUS W ALU 8 FROM W FROM W 8 4 4 "TRIS 5" TRISA 8 PORTA "TRIS 6" TRISB PORTB RL/SL 4 3V/5V Regulator VIO RA<3:0> 8 HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSLATION 8 RB<7:0> DS40197B-page 8 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 TABLE 3-1: Name PINOUT DESCRIPTION - PIC16HV540 DIP, SOIC SSOP I/O/P Input No. No. Type Levels RA0 RA1 RA2 RA3 RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7 17 18 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 20 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL T0CKI 3 3 I ST MCLR/VPP 4 4 I ST OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT 16 15 18 17 I O ST -- VDD VSS 14 5 15,16 5,6 P P -- -- Description Independently regulated Bi-directional I/O port -- VIO High-voltage Bi-directional I/O port. Sourced from VDD. Wake-up on pin change Wake-up on SLOW rising pin change. Clock input to Timer 0. Must be tied to VSS or VDD, if not in use, to reduce current consumption. Master clear (reset) input/programming voltage input. This pin is an active low reset to the device. Voltage on the MCLR/ VPP pin must not exceed VDD(1) to avoid unintended entering of programming mode. Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input. Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2/CLKOUT output is connected to TMR0, bit 0. Frequencies of CLKIN/8 to CLKIN/1024 can be generated on this pin. Positive supply. Ground reference. Legend: I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output, P = power, -- = Not Used, TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input. Note 1: VDD during programming mode can not exceed parameter PD1 called out in the PIC16C5X Programming Specification (Literature number DS30190). 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 9 PIC16HV540 3.1 Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle 3.2 The clock input (OSC1/CLKIN pin) is internally divided by four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the program counter is incremented every Q1, and the instruction is fetched from program memory and latched into instruction register in Q4. It is decoded and executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow is shown in Figure 3-2 and Example 3-1. Instruction Flow/Pipelining An Instruction Cycle consists of four Q cycles (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). The instruction fetch and execute are pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction cycle while decode and execute takes another instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO) then two cycles are required to complete the instruction (Example 3-1). A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC) incrementing in Q1. In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2, Q3, and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write). FIGURE 3-2: CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q2 Q1 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 OSC1 Q1 Q2 Internal phase clock Q3 Q4 PC PC PC+1 PC+2 CLKIN/8(1) OSC2/CLKOUT (RC mode) Fetch INST (PC) Execute INST (PC-1) Fetch INST (PC+1) Execute INST (PC) Fetch INST (PC+2) Execute INST (PC+1) Note 1: Frequencies of CLKIN8 to CLKIN/1024 are possible. EXAMPLE 3-1: INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW 1. MOVLW 55H 2. MOVWF PORTB 3. CALL SUB_1 4. BSF PORTA, BIT3 Fetch 1 Execute 1 Fetch 2 Execute 2 Fetch 3 Execute 3 Fetch 4 Flush Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1 All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction is "flushed" from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed. DS40197B-page 10 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 4.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 4.2.1 PIC16HV540 memory is organized into program memory and data memory. For devices with more than 512 bytes of program memory, a paging scheme is used. Program memory pages are accessed using one or two STATUS register bits. For devices with a data memory register file of more than 32 registers, a banking scheme is used. Data memory banks are accessed using the File Selection Register (FSR). GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE The register file is accessed either directly or indirectly through the file select register FSR (Section 4.8). FIGURE 4-2: PIC16HV540 REGISTER FILE MAP File Address 00h INDF(1) Program Memory Organization 01h TMR0 The PIC16HV540 has a 9-bit Program Counter (PC) capable of addressing a 512 x 12 program memory space (Figure 4-1). Accessing a location above the physically implemented address will cause a wraparound. 02h PCL 03h STATUS 04h FSR 4.1 The reset vector for the PIC16HV540 is at 1FFh. A NOP at the reset vector location will cause a restart at location 000h. FIGURE 4-1: 05h PORTA 06h PORTB 07h 08h PIC16HV540 PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK 0Fh 10h PC<8:0> General Purpose Registers 9 CALL, RETLW Stack Level 1 Stack Level 2 Stack Level 3 Stack Level 4 1Fh Note 1: Not a physical register. User Memory Space 000h 4.2 On-chip Program Memory 0FFh 100h Reset Vector 1FFh 4.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The Special Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and peripheral functions to control the operation of the device (Table 4-1). Data Memory Organization Data memory is composed of registers, or bytes of RAM. Therefore, data memory for a device is specified by its register file. The register file is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose registers. The special registers can be classified into two sets. The special function registers associated with the "core" functions are described in this section. Those related to the operation of the peripheral features are described in the section for each peripheral feature. The special function registers include the TMR0 register, the Program Counter (PC), the Status Register, the I/O registers (ports), and the File Select Register (FSR). In addition, special purpose registers are used to control the I/O port configuration and prescaler options. The general purpose registers are used for data and control information under command of the instructions. For the PIC16HV540, the register file is composed of 10 special function registers and 25 general purpose registers (Figure 4-2). 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 11 PIC16HV540 TABLE 4-1: Address Name SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on Power-On Reset Value on MCLR and WDT Reset Value on Wake-up on Pin Change Value on Brown-Out Reset N/A TRIS I/O control registers (TRISA, TRISB) 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 N/A OPTION Contains control bits to configure Timer0 and Timer0/WDT prescaler --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 N/A OPTION2 Contains control bits to configure pin changes, software enabled WDT, regulation and brown-out --11 1111 --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --xx xxxx 00h INDF Uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical regis- xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu ter) uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx 01h TMR0 8-bit real-time clock/counter xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx 02h(1) PCL Low order 8 bits of PC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 03h STATUS PCWUF 1001 1xxx 100q quuu 000u uuuu x00x xxxx 04h FSR 111x xxxx 111u uuuu 111u uuuu 111x xxxx 05h PORTA -- -- -- -- RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu ---- xxxx 06h PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx Legend: Shaded boxes = unimplemented or unused, - = unimplemented, read as '0' (if applicable) x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition. The upper byte of the Program Counter is not directly accessible. See Section 4.6 of the PIC16HV540 data sheet (DS40197B) for an explanation of how to access these bits. Note 1: DS40197B-page 12 PA1 PA0 TO PD Z DC C Indirect data memory address pointer Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 4.3 STATUS Register This register contains the arithmetic status of the ALU, the RESET status, and the page preselect bits for program memories larger than 512 words. The STATUS register can be the destination for any instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable while the PCWUF bit is a read/write bit. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS register as destination may be different than intended. For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper three bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged). It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF and MOVWF instructions be used to alter the STATUS register because these instructions do not affect the Z, DC or C bits from the STATUS register. For other instructions, which do affect STATUS bits, see Section 8.0, Instruction Set Summary. REGISTER 4-1: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS:03h) R/W-0 PCWUF R/W-0 PA1 R/W-0 PA0 R-1 TO R-1 PD R/W-x Z R/W-x DC bit7 R/W-x C bit0 bit 7: PCWUF: Pin Change Reset bit 1 = After Power-up Reset (POR) or SLEEP command 0 = After a wake-up on pin change event bit 6-5: Not Applicable bit 4: TO: Time-out bit 1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred bit 3: PD: Power-down bit 1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction bit 2: Z: Zero bit 1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero 0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero bit 1: DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF and SUBWF instructions) ADDWF 1 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred 0 = A carry from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur SUBWF 1 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result did not occur 0 = A borrow from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred bit 0: C: Carry/borrow bit (for ADDWF, SUBWF and RRF, RLF instructions) ADDWF SUBWF 1 = A carry occurred 1 = A borrow did not occur 0 = A carry did not occur 0 = A borrow occurred 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary R = Readable bit W = Writable bit - n = Value at POR reset RRF or RLF Load bit with LSb or MSb, respectively DS40197B-page 13 PIC16HV540 4.4 OPTION Register By executing the OPTION instruction, the contents of the W register will be transferred to the OPTION register. A RESET sets the OPTION<5:0> bits. The OPTION register is a 6-bit wide, write-only register which contains various control bits to configure the Timer0/WDT prescaler and Timer0. EXAMPLE 4-1: movlw Example 4-1 illustrates how to initialize the OPTION register. INSTRUCTIONS FOR INITIALIZING OPTION REGISTER `0000 0111'b OPTION ; load OPTION setup value into W ; initialize OPTION register REGISTER 4-2: OPTION REGISTER U-0 U-0 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1 -- -- T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 bit7 0 bit 7-6: Unimplemented bit 5: T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit 1 = Transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT) bit 4: T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin bit 3: PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit 1 = Prescaler assigned to the WDT 0 = Prescaler assigned to Timer0 bit 2-0: PS<2:0>: Prescaler Rate Select bits Bit Value Timer0 Rate WDT Rate 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 1 : 256 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 DS40197B-page 14 Preliminary W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit - n = Value at POR reset 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 4.5 OPTION2 Register The OPTION2 register is a 6-bit wide, write-only register which contains various control bits to configure the added features on the PIC16HV540. A Power-on Reset sets the OPTION2<5:0> bits. Example 4-2 illustrates how to initialize the OPTION2 register. Note: All Power-on Resets will disable the Brown-out Detect circuit. All subsequent resets will not disable the Brown-out Detect if enabled. EXAMPLE 4-2: INSTRUCTIONS FOR INITIALIZING OPTION2 REGISTER movlw `0001 0111'b ; load OPTION2 setup value into W tris 0x07 ; initialize OPTION2 register REGISTER 4-3: OPTION2 REGISTER (TRIS 07H) U-0 U-0 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1 W-1 -- -- PCWU SWDTEN RL SL BODL BODEN bit7 0 W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit - n = Value at POR reset bit 7-6: Unimplemented bit 5: PCWU: Wake-up on Pin Change 1 = Disabled 0 = Enabled bit 4: SWDTEN: Software Controlled WDT Enable bit 1 = WDT is turned off it the WDTEN configuration bit = 0 0 = WDT is on if the WDTEN configuration bit = 0; if WDTEN bit = 1, then SWDTEN is `don't care' bit 3: RL: Regulated Voltage Level Select bit 1 = 5 volt 0 = 3 volt bit 2: SL: Sleep Voltage Level Select bit 1 = RL bit setting 0 = 3 volt bit 1: BODL: Brown-out Voltage Level Select bit 1 = RL bit setting, but SL during SLEEP 0 = 3 volt bit 0: BODEN: Brown-out Enabled 1 = Disabled 0 = Enabled 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 15 PIC16HV540 4.6 Program Counter 4.6.1 As a program instruction is executed, the Program Counter (PC) will contain the address of the next program instruction to be executed. The PC value is increased by one every instruction cycle, unless an instruction changes the PC. For a GOTO instruction, bits 8:0 of the PC are provided by the GOTO instruction word. (Figure 4-3). For a CALL instruction, or any instruction where the PCL is the destination, bits 7:0 of the PC again are provided by the instruction word. However, PC<8> does not come from the instruction word, but is always cleared (Figure 4-3). Instructions where the PCL is the destination, or Modify PCL instructions, include MOVWF PC, ADDWF PC, and BSF PC, 5. . Note: Because PC<8> is cleared in the CALL instruction, or any Modify PCL instruction, all subroutine calls or computed jumps are limited to the first 256 locations of any program memory page (512 words long). FIGURE 4-3: LOADING OF PC BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS PIC16HV540 GOTO Instruction PC 11 10 9 X X X 8 7 0 PCL The Program Counter is set upon a RESET, which means that the PC addresses the last location in the last page i.e., the reset vector. The STATUS register page preselect bits are cleared upon a RESET, which means that page 0 is preselected. Therefore, upon a RESET, a GOTO instruction at the reset vector location will automatically cause the program to jump to page 0. 4.7 Stack PIC16HV540 device has a 12-bit wide L.I.F.O. (last in, first out) hardware 4 level stack. A CALL instruction will push the current value of stack 1 into stack 2 and then push the current program counter value, incremented by one, into stack level 1. If more than four sequential CALL's are executed, only the most recent four return addresses are stored. A RETLW instruction will pop the contents of stack level 1 into the program counter and then copy stack level 2 contents into level 1. If more than four sequential RETLW's are executed, the stack will be filled with the address previously stored in level 4. Note that the W register will be loaded with the literal value specified in the instruction. This is particularly useful for the implementation of data look-up tables within the program memory. Upon any reset, the contents of the stack remain unchanged, however the program counter (PCL) will also be reset to 0. Instruction Word Note 1: There are no STATUS bits to indicate stack overflows or stack underflow conditions. X - Not used CALL or Modify PCL Instruction PC EFFECTS OF RESET 11 10 9 X X PCL Reset to '0' Instruction Word X 8 7 0 Note 2: There are no instructions mnemonics called PUSH or POP. These are actions that occur from the execution of the CALL and RETLW instructions. X - Not used DS40197B-page 16 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 4.8 Indirect Data Addressing; INDF and FSR Registers The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing INDF actually addresses the register whose address is contained in the FSR register (FSR is a pointer). This is indirect addressing. EXAMPLE 4-3: INDIRECT ADDRESSING EXAMPLE 4-4: movlw movwf clrf incf btfsc goto NEXT HOW TO CLEAR RAM USING INDIRECT ADDRESSING 0x10 FSR INDF FSR,F FSR,4 NEXT ;initialize pointer ; to RAM ;clear INDF register ;inc pointer ;all done? ;NO, clear next CONTINUE * * * * Register file 05 contains the value 10h Register file 06 contains the value 0Ah Load the value 05 into the FSR register A read of the INDF register will return the value of 10h * Increment the value of the FSR register by one (FSR = 06) * A read of the INDR register now will return the value of 0Ah. : ;YES, continue The FSR is a 5-bit (PIC16HV540) wide register. It is used in conjunction with the INDF register to indirectly address the data memory area. The FSR<4:0> bits are used to select data memory addresses 00h to 1Fh. PIC16HV540: Do not use banking. FSR<6:5> are unimplemented and read as '1's. Reading INDF itself indirectly (FSR = 0) will produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a no-operation (although STATUS bits may be affected). A simple program to clear RAM locations 10h-1Fh using indirect addressing is shown in Example 4-4. FIGURE 4-4: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING Direct Addressing (FSR) 6 5 4 Indirect Addressing (opcode) 6 0 5 4 (FSR) 0 (Note 1) (Note 1) location select location select 00h Data Memory(2) 0Fh 10h 1Fh Bank 0 Note 1: 2: 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Bits 5 and 6 are unimplemented and read as 1's. For register map detail, see Section 4.2. Preliminary DS40197B-page 17 PIC16HV540 NOTES: DS40197B-page 18 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 5.0 I/O PORTS 5.3 As with any other register, the I/O registers can be written and read under program control. However, read instructions (e.g., MOVF PORTB,W) always read the I/O pins independent of the pin's input/output modes. On RESET, all I/O ports are defined as input (inputs are at hi-impedance) since the I/O control registers (TRISA, TRISB) are all set. 5.1 5.2 The output driver control registers are loaded with the contents of the W register by executing the TRIS f instruction. A '1' from a TRIS register bit puts the corresponding output driver in a hi-impedance mode. A '0' puts the contents of the output data latch on the selected pins, enabling the output buffer. Note: PORTA PORTA is a 4-bit I/O register. Only the low order 4 bits are used (RA3:RA0). Bits 7-4 are unimplemented and read as '0's. The inputs will tolerate input voltages as high as VIO and outputs will swing from VSS to VIO. The internal voltage regulator VIO powers PORTA I/O pads. The internal regulator output, VIO, is switchable between 3Vdc and 5Vdc, via the (RL) bit in the OPTION2 register. PORTB PORTB is an 8-bit I/O register (PORTB<7:0>). All 8 PORTB I/Os are high voltage I/O. The inputs will tolerate input voltages as high as VDD and outputs will swing from VSS to VDD. In addition, 5 of the PORTB pins can be configured for the wake-up on change feature. Pins RB0, RB1, RB2 and RB3 latch the state of the pin at the onset of sleep mode. (No "dummy" read of the PORTB pins is required prior to executing the SLEEP instruction.) A level change on the input resets the device, implementing wake-up on pin change. The PCWUF bit in the status register is cleared to indicate that a pin change caused the reset. This feature can be enabled/ disabled in the OPTION2 register. TRIS Registers A read of the ports reads the pins, not the output data latches. That is, if an output driver on a pin is enabled and driven high, but the external system is holding it low, a read of the port will indicate that the pin is low. The TRIS registers are "write-only" and are set (output drivers disabled) upon RESET. 5.4 I/O Interfacing The equivalent circuit for the PORTA and PORTB I/O pins are shown in Figure 5-1 through Figure 5-4. All ports may be used for both input and output operation. For input operations, these ports are non-latching. Any input must be present until read by an input instruction (e.g., MOVF PORTB, W). The outputs are latched and remain unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. To use a port pin as output, the corresponding direction control bit (in TRISA, TRISB) must be cleared (= 0). For use as an input, the corresponding TRIS bit must be set. Any I/O pin can be programmed individually as input or output. PORTB pin RB7 also exhibits this wake-up on pin high feature but is specially adapted for a slow-rising input signal. This special feature prevents excessive power consumption when desiring long sleep periods without using the watchdog timer and prescaler. PCWUF bit in the status register is cleared to indicate that a pin change caused the reset. This feature can be enabled/ disabled in the OPTION2 register. Only pins configured as inputs can cause this wake-up on pin change to occur. To prevent false wake-up on pin change events on pins RB<0:3>, the pin state must be driven to a logic 1 or logic 0 and not left floating during the "SLEEP" state. For pin RB7, the pin state must be driven to logic 0 and allowed to ramp to a logic 1 for correct operation. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 19 PIC16HV540 FIGURE 5-1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PORTA<0:3> PINS DATA BUS D WR PORTA Q VIO Data Latch CK VIO Q P N W REG D TRIS PORTA RA0-RA3 pins Q TRIS Latch CK VSS VSS Q Reset RD PORTA FIGURE 5-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PORTB<0:3> PINS DATA BUS D WR PORTB W REG Q VDD Data Latch Q CK D TRIS PORTB VDD Step-up Circuit VDD P Q TRIS Latch CK RB0-RB3 pins N Q VSS RD PORTB VSS Q Q D Step-down Circuit CK "SLEEP" RD PORTB WAKE-UP ON PIN CHANGE DS40197B-page 20 M U X Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 FIGURE 5-3: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PORTB<4:6> PINS DATA BUS D WR PORTB W REG TRIS PORTB Q VDD Data Latch CK D VDD Q Step-up Circuit VDD P Q TRIS Latch CK RB4-RB6 pins N Q VSS RD PORTB VSS Step-down Circuit FIGURE 5-4: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PORTB<7> PIN DATA BUS D WR PORTB W REG TRIS PORTB Q VDD Data Latch CK D VDD Q Step-up Circuit VDD P Q RB7 pin TRIS Latch CK N Q VSS RD PORTB VSS Step-down Circuit VDD P WAKE-UP ON PIN CHANGE 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 21 PIC16HV540 TABLE 5-1: Address Name N/A TRIS 05h PORTA SUMMARY OF PORT REGISTERS Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 I/O control registers (TRISA, TRISB) Value on Power-On Reset Value on MCLR and WDT Reset Value on Wake-up on Pin Change Value on Brown-Out Reset 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 -- -- -- -- RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu ---- xxxx 06h PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx 03h STATUS PCWUF PA1 PA0 TO PD Z DC C 100x xxxx 100q quuu 000u uuuu x00x xxxx N/A OPTION2 -- -- PCWU SWDTEN RL SL BODL BODEN --11 1111 --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --xx xxxx Legend: Shaded boxes = unimplemented, read as `0', --= unimplemented, read as '0', x = unknown, u = unchanged. 5.5 I/O Programming Considerations 5.5.1 BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS EXAMPLE 5-1: Some instructions operate internally as read followed by write operations. The BCF and BSF instructions, for example, read the entire port into the CPU, execute the bit operation and re-write the result. Caution must be used when these instructions are applied to a port where one or more pins are used as input/outputs. For example, a BSF operation on bit5 of PORTB will cause all eight bits of PORTB to be read into the CPU, bit5 to be set and the PORTB value to be written to the output latches. If another bit of PORTB is used as a bi-directional I/O pin (say bit0) and it is defined as an input at this time, the input signal present on the pin itself would be read into the CPU and rewritten to the data latch of this particular pin, overwriting the previous content. As long as the pin stays in the input mode, no problem occurs. However, if bit0 is switched into output mode later on, the content of the data latch may now be unknown. Example 5-1 shows the effect of two sequential readmodify-write instructions (e.g., BCF, BSF, etc.) on an I/ O port. A pin actively outputting a high or a low should not be driven from external devices at the same time in order to change the level on this pin ("wired-or", "wired-and"). The resulting high output currents may damage the chip. DS40197B-page 22 READ-MODIFY-WRITE INSTRUCTIONS ON AN I/O PORT ;Initial PORT Settings ; PORTB<7:4> Inputs ; PORTB<3:0> Outputs ;PORTB<7:6> have external pull-ups and are ;not connected to other circuitry ; ; PORT latch PORT pins ; ---------- ---------BCF PORTB, 7 ;01pp pppp 11pp pppp BCF PORTB, 6 ;10pp pppp 11pp pppp MOVLW 03Fh ; TRIS PORTB ;10pp pppp 10pp pppp ; ;Note that the user may have expected the pin ;values to be 00pp pppp. The 2nd BCF caused ;RB7 to be latched as the pin value (High). 5.5.2 SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON I/O PORTS The actual write to an I/O port happens at the end of an instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data must be valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle (Figure 5-5). Therefore, care must be exercised if a write followed by a read operation is carried out on the same I/O port. The sequence of instructions should allow the pin voltage to stabilize (load dependent) before the next instruction, which causes that file to be read into the CPU, is executed. Otherwise, the previous state of that pin may be read into the CPU rather than the new state. When in doubt, it is better to separate these instructions with a NOP or another instruction not accessing this I/O port. Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 FIGURE 5-5: SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC Instruction fetched MOVWF PORTB PC + 1 MOVF PORTB,W Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC + 2 PC + 3 NOP NOP This example shows a write to PORTB followed by a read from PORTB. RB7:RB0 Port pin written here Instruction executed 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. MOVWF PORTB (Write to PORTB) Port pin sampled here MOVF PORTB,W (Read PORTB) Preliminary NOP DS40197B-page 23 PIC16HV540 NOTES: DS40197B-page 24 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 6.0 TIMER0 MODULE AND TMR0 REGISTER Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit (OPTION<5>). In this mode, Timer0 will increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by the source edge select bit T0SE (OPTION<4>). Clearing the T0SE bit selects the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are discussed in detail in Section 6.1. The Timer0 module has the following features: * 8-bit timer/counter register, TMR0 - Readable and writable * 8-bit software programmable prescaler * Internal or external clock select - Edge select for external clock The prescaler may be used by either the Timer0 module or the Watchdog Timer, but not both. The prescaler assignment is controlled in software by the control bit PSA (OPTION<3>). Clearing the PSA bit will assign the prescaler to Timer0. The prescaler is not readable or writable. When the prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module, prescale values of 1:2, 1:4,..., 1:256 are selectable. Section 6.2 details the operation of the prescaler. Figure 6-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module, while Figure 6-2 shows the electrical structure of the Timer0 input. Timer mode is selected by clearing the T0CS bit (OPTION<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 module will increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). If TMR0 register is written, the increment is inhibited for the following two cycles (Figure 6-3 and Figure 6-4). The user can work around this by writing an adjusted value to the TMR0 register. FIGURE 6-1: A summary of registers associated with the Timer0 module is found in Table 6-1. TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM Data bus FOSC/4 0 PSout 1 1 T0CKI pin Programmable Prescaler(2) T0SE(1) 8 Sync with Internal Clocks 0 0 TMR0 reg 7 PSout (2 cycle delay) Sync 3 T0CS(1) PS2, PS1, PS0(1) PSA(1) Internal Oscillator M U X OSC2/ CLKOUT Drive Circuit "SLEEP" Oscillator Mode Select(3) Note 1: 2: 3: Bits T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2, PS1 and PS0 are located in the OPTION register. The prescaler is shared with the Watchdog Timer (Figure 6-6). Bit 0 of TMR0 will be output on OSC2/CLKOUT pin when RC oscillator mode is selected. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 25 PIC16HV540 FIGURE 6-2: ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE OF T0CKI PIN RIN T0CKI pin FIGURE 6-3: PC (Program Counter) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC-1 PC T0 T0+1 Instruction Executed FIGURE 6-4: PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 PC+5 PC+6 T0+2 NT0 NT0 NT0 Write TMR0 executed Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 NT0+1 Read TMR0 reads NT0 NT0+2 Read TMR0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 1 reads NT0 + 2 TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/PRESCALE 1:2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC-1 PC T0 Timer0 PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 PC+5 PC+6 MOVWF TMR0 MOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,W Instruction Fetch T0+1 Instruction Execute TABLE 6-1: Name 01h TMR0 N/A OPTION Legend: PC+1 MOVWF TMR0 MOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,W Timer0 Address ESD protection circuits. TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/NO PRESCALE Instruction Fetch PC (Program Counter) Schmitt Trigger Input Buffer VSS VSS Note 1: (1) N (1) NT0+1 NT0 Write TMR0 executed Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 T0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 1 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Timer0 - 8-bit real-time clock/counter -- -- T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 Value on Power-On Reset Value on MCLR and WDT Reset Value on Wake-up on Pin Change Value on Brown-out Reset xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 Shaded cells: Unimplemented bits, - = unimplemented, x = unknown, u = unchanged. DS40197B-page 26 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 6.1 When a prescaler is used, the external clock input is divided by the asynchronous ripple counter-type prescaler so that the prescaler output is symmetrical. For the external clock to meet the sampling requirement, the ripple counter must be taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to have a period of at least 4TOSC (and a small RC delay of 40 ns) divided by the prescaler value. The only requirement on T0CKI high and low time is that they do not violate the minimum pulse width requirement of 10 ns. Refer to parameters 40, 41 and 42 in the electrical specification of the desired device. Using Timer0 with an External Clock When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it must meet certain requirements. The external clock requirement is due to internal phase clock (TOSC) synchronization. Also, there is a delay in the actual incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization. 6.1.1 EXTERNAL CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks (Figure 6-5). Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be high for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns) and low for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns). Refer to the electrical specification of the desired device. FIGURE 6-5: 6.1.2 TIMER0 INCREMENT DELAY Since the prescaler output is synchronized with the internal clocks, there is a small delay from the time the external clock edge occurs to the time the Timer0 module is actually incremented. Figure 6-5 shows the delay from the external clock edge to the timer incrementing. TIMER0 TIMING WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 External Clock Input or Prescaler Output (2) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Small pulse misses sampling (1) External Clock/Prescaler Output After Sampling (3) Increment Timer0 (Q4) Timer0 T0 T0 + 1 T0 + 2 Note 1: Delay from clock input change to Timer0 increment is 3Tosc to 7Tosc. (Duration of Q = Tosc). Therefore, the error in measuring the interval between two edges on Timer0 input = 4Tosc max. 2: External clock if no prescaler selected, Prescaler output otherwise. 3: The arrows indicate the points in time where sampling occurs. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 27 PIC16HV540 6.2 Prescaler EXAMPLE 6-2: An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog Timer (WDT) (WDT postscaler not implemented on PIC16C52), respectively (Section 6.1.2). For simplicity, this counter is being referred to as "prescaler" throughout this data sheet. Note that the prescaler may be used by either the Timer0 module or the WDT, but not both. Thus, a prescaler assignment for the Timer0 module means that there is no prescaler for the WDT, and vice-versa. The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION<3:0>) determine prescaler assignment and prescale ratio. When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1, BSF 1,x, etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler along with the WDT. The prescaler is neither readable nor writable. On a RESET, the prescaler contains all '0's. 6.2.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT The prescaler assignment is fully under software control (i.e., it can be changed "on the fly" during program execution). To avoid an unintended device RESET, the following instruction sequence (Example 6-1) must be executed when changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to the WDT. EXAMPLE 6-1: 1. 2. 3. 4. CHANGING PRESCALER (TIMER0WDT) CLRWDT CLRF MOVLW OPTION TMR0 '00xx1111'b 5. CLRWDT 6. MOVLW 7. OPTION '00xx1xxx'b ;Clear WDT ;Clear TMR0 & Prescaler ;These 3 lines (5, 6, 7) ; are required only if ; desired ;PS<2:0> are 000 or 001 ;Set Postscaler to ; desired WDT rate CHANGING PRESCALER (WDTTIMER0) CLRWDT MOVLW ;Clear WDT and ;prescaler ;Select TMR0, new ;prescale value and ;clock source 'xxxx0xxx' OPTION 6.3 Programmable Clock Generator When the PIC16HV540 is programmed to operate in the RC oscillator mode, the CLKOUT pin is connected to the compliment state of TMR0<0>. Use of the prescaler rate select bits PSA:PS0 in the OPTION register will provide for frequencies of CLKIN/8 to CLKIN/1024 on the CLKOUT pin. EXAMPLE 6-3: PRESCALER SETTING/CLKOUT FREQUENCY Fosc CLKIN/1024 CLKIN/8 1Mhz 976 Hz 125 kHz 2Mhz 1953 Hz 250 kHz 3Mhz 2930 Hz 375 kHz 4Mhz 3906 Hz 500 kHz In addition to this mode of operation, TMR0<0> can be toggled via the bcf and bsf bit type instructions. For this mode, the T0CS bit in the OPTION register must be set to 1. This setting configures TMR0 to increment on the T0CKI pin. To set the CLKOUT pin high, a bcf TMR0,0 instruction is used and to set the CLKOUT pin low, the bsf TMR0,0 instruction is used. The T0CKI pin should be pulled high or low to prevent false state changes on the CLKOUT pin. To change prescaler from the WDT to the Timer0 module, use the sequence shown in Example 6-2. This sequence must be used even if the WDT is disabled. A CLRWDT instruction should be executed before switching the prescaler. DS40197B-page 28 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 FIGURE 6-6: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER TCY ( = Fosc/4) Data Bus 0 T0CKI pin 1 M U X 8 1 M U X 0 T0SE(1) T0CS(1) 0 Watchdog Timer 0 TMR0 reg 7 PSA(1) 8-bit Prescaler M U X 1 Sync 2 Cycles 8 8 - to - 1MUX PS<2:0>(1) Internal Oscillator OSC2/ CLKOUT M U X Drive Circuit PSA(1) "SLEEP" 1 0 MUX WDTEN Configuration bit PSA(1) Oscillator Mode Select SWDTEN bit(2) WDT Time-Out Note 1: 2: 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS<2:0> are bits in the OPTION register. SWDTEN is a bit in the OPTION2 register. Preliminary DS40197B-page 29 PIC16HV540 NOTES: DS40197B-page 30 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 7.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU The SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low current power-down mode. The user can wake up from SLEEP through external reset or through a Watchdog Timer time-out. Several oscillator options are also made available to allow the part to fit the application. The RC oscillator option saves system cost while the LP crystal option saves power. A set of configuration bits are used to select various options. What sets a microcontroller apart from other processors are special circuits that deal with the needs of realtime applications. The PIC16HV540 family of microcontrollers has a host of such features intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost through elimination of external components, provide power saving operating modes and offer code protection. These features are: * * * * * * * * * 7.1 Configuration Bits Configuration bits can be programmed to select various device configurations. Two bits are for the selection of the oscillator type and one bit is the Watchdog Timer enable bit. Nine bits are code protection bits (Figure 71) for the PIC16HV540 devices. Oscillator selection Reset Power-On Reset (POR) Brown-out Detect Device Reset Timer (DRT) Wake-up from SLEEP on Pin Change Enhanced Watchdog Timer (WDT) SLEEP Code protection The PIC16HV540 Family has a Watchdog Timer which can be shut off only through configuration bit WDTEN. It runs off of its own RC oscillator for added reliability. There is an 18 ms delay provided by the Device Reset Timer (DRT), intended to keep the chip in reset until the crystal oscillator is stable. With this timer on-chip, most applications need no external reset circuitry. REGISTER 7-1: CONFIGURATION WORD FOR PIC16HV540 CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP WDTEN bit11 FOSC1 FOSC0 bit0 Register:CONFIG Address(1):0FFFh bit 11-3: CP: Code Protection bits 1 = Code protection off 0 = Code protection on bit 2: WDTEN: Watchdog Timer Enable bit 1 = WDT enabled 0 = WDT disabled (control is placed on the SWDTEN bit) bit 1-0: FOSC<1:0>: Oscillator Selection bits 11 = RC oscillator 10 = HS oscillator 01 = XT oscillator 00 = LP oscillator Note 1: Refer to the PIC16C5X Programming Specification (Literature number DS30190) to determine how to access the configuration word. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 31 PIC16HV540 7.2 Oscillator Configurations 7.2.1 OSCILLATOR TYPES FIGURE 7-2: The PIC16HV540 can be operated in four different oscillator modes. The user can program two configuration bits (FOSC1:FOSC0) to select one of these four modes: * * * * OSC1 PIC16HV540 Clock from ext. system Open LP: XT: HS: RC: Low Power Crystal Crystal/Resonator High Speed Crystal/Resonator Resistor/Capacitor Note: Not all oscillator selections available for all parts. See Section 7.1. 7.2.2 TABLE 7-1: In XT, LP or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator is connected to the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT pins to establish oscillation (Figure 7-1). The PIC16HV540 oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give a frequency out of the crystal manufacturers specifications. When in XT, LP or HS modes, the device can have an external clock source drive the OSC1/CLKIN pin (Figure 7-2). C1(1) OSC1 Cap. Range C1 Cap. Range C2 XT 455 kHz 2.0 MHz 4.0 MHz 68-100 pF 15-33 pF 10-22 pF 68-100 pF 15-33 pF 10-22 pF HS 8.0 MHz 16.0 MHz 10-22 pF 10 pF 10-22 pF 10 pF Note: These values are for design guidance only. Since each resonator has its own characteristics, the user should consult the resonator manufacturer for appropriate values of external components. Resonator Freq LP 32 kHz(1) 15 pF 15 pF XT 100 kHz 200 kHz 455 kHz 1 MHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 15-30 pF 15-30 pF 15-30 pF 15-30 pF 15 pF 15 pF 200-300 pF 100-200 pF 15-100 pF 15-30 pF 15 pF 15 pF HS 4 MHz 8 MHz 20 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 15 pF 15 pF 15 pF 15 pF PIC16HV540 RS(2) RF(3) OSC2 To internal logic C2(1) Note 1: 2: 3: See Capacitor Selection tables for recommended values of C1 and C2. A series resistor (RS) may be required for AT strip cut crystals. RF varies with the crystal chosen (approx. value = 10 M). Cap.Range C1 Cap. Range C2 Note 1: For VDD > 4.5V, C1 = C2 30 pF is recommended. 2: These values are for design guidance only. Rs may be required in HS mode as well as XT mode to avoid overdriving crystals with low drive level specification. Since each crystal has its own characteristics, the user should consult the crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components. Note: DS40197B-page 32 CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR - PIC16HV540 Osc Type SLEEP XTAL CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CERAMIC RESONATORS - PIC16HV540 Resonator Freq TABLE 7-2: CRYSTAL OPERATION (OR CERAMIC RESONATOR) (HS, XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION) OSC2 Osc Type CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / CERAMIC RESONATORS FIGURE 7-1: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT OPERATION (HS, XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION) Preliminary If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 7.2.3 EXTERNAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT FIGURE 7-4: Either a prepackaged oscillator or a simple oscillator circuit with TTL gates can be used as an external crystal oscillator circuit. Prepackaged oscillators provide a wide operating range and better stability. A welldesigned crystal oscillator will provide good performance with TTL gates. Two types of crystal oscillator circuits can be used: one with parallel resonance, or one with series resonance. Figure 7-3 shows implementation of a parallel resonant oscillator circuit. The circuit is designed to use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The 74AS04 inverter performs the 180-degree phase shift that a parallel oscillator requires. The 4.7 k resistor provides the negative feedback for stability. The 10 k potentiometers bias the 74AS04 in the linear region. This circuit could be used for external oscillator designs. FIGURE 7-3: EXTERNAL PARALLEL RESONANT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT (USING XT, HS OR LP OSCILLATOR MODE) To Other Devices 10k 74AS04 4.7k PIC16HV540 CLKIN 74AS04 OSC2 10k 100k XTAL Note: 20 pF If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application. Figure 7-4 shows a series resonant oscillator circuit. This circuit is also designed to use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The inverter performs a 180degree phase shift in a series resonant oscillator circuit. The 330 resistors provide the negative feedback to bias the inverters in their linear region. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. To Other Devices 330 74AS04 74AS04 74AS04 PIC16HV540 CLKIN 0.1 F XTAL OSC2 100k Note: If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application. RC OSCILLATOR For timing insensitive applications, the RC device option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resistor (Rext) and capacitor (Cext) values, and the operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal process parameter variation. Furthermore, the difference in lead frame capacitance between package types will also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low Cext values. The user also needs to take into account variation due to tolerance of external R and C components used. Figure 7-5 shows how the R/C combination is connected to the PIC16HV540. For Rext values below 2.2 k, the oscillator operation may become unstable, or stop completely. For very high Rext values (e.g., 1 M) the oscillator becomes sensitive to noise, humidity and leakage. Thus, we recommend keeping Rext between 3 k and 100 k. 10k 20 pF 330 7.2.4 +5V EXTERNAL SERIES RESONANT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT (USING XT, HS OR LP OSCILLATOR MODE) Although the oscillator will operate with no external capacitor (Cext = 0 pF), we recommend using values above 20 pF for noise and stability reasons. With no or small external capacitance, the oscillation frequency can vary dramatically due to changes in external capacitances, such as PCB trace capacitance or package lead frame capacitance. Preliminary DS40197B-page 33 PIC16HV540 The Electrical Specifications sections show RC frequency variation from part to part due to normal process variation. The variation is larger for larger R (since leakage current variation will affect RC frequency more for large R) and for smaller C (since variation of input capacitance will affect RC frequency more). Also, see the Electrical Specifications sections for variation of oscillator frequency due to VDD for given Rext/ Cext values as well as frequency variation due to operating temperature for given R, C, and VDD values. When used in RC mode, the CLKOUT pin can be used as a programmable clock output. The output is connected to TMR0, bit 0, and by setting the prescaler rate select bits, clock out frequencies of CLKIN/8 to CLKIN/1024 can be generated. FIGURE 7-5: RC OSCILLATOR MODE VDD REXT OSC1 Internal clock N CEXT PIC16HV540 VSS TMR0, 0 OSC2/CLKOUT Note: 7.3 Reset PIC16HV540 devices may be reset in one of the following ways: * * * * * * * Power-On Reset (POR) MCLR reset (normal operation) MCLR wake-up reset (from SLEEP) WDT reset (normal operation) WDT wake-up reset (from SLEEP) Wake-up from SLEEP on Pin Change Brown-out Detect Table 7-3 shows these reset conditions for the PCL and STATUS registers. Some registers are not affected in any reset condition. Their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any other reset. Most other registers are reset to a "reset state" on Power-On Reset (POR), MCLR or WDT Reset. A MCLR, WDT Wake-up from SLEEP or Wakeup from SLEEP on Pin Change also results in a device RESET, and not a continuation of operation before SLEEP. The TO and PD bits (STATUS <4:3>) and PCWUF (STATUS<7>) are set or cleared depending on the different reset conditions (Section 7.9). These bits may be used to determine the nature of the reset. Table 7-4 lists a full description of reset states of all registers. Figure 7-6 shows a simplified block diagram of the on-chip reset circuit. If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application. DS40197B-page 34 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 TABLE 7-3: RESET CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS PCL Addr: 02h Condition STATUS Addr: 03h 1111 1111 Power-on Reset 1111 1111 MCLR Reset (normal operation) 1111 1111 MCLR Wake-up (from SLEEP) 1111 1111 WDT Reset (normal operation) 1111 1111 WDT Wake-up (from SLEEP) 1111 1111 Wake-up from SLEEP on Pin Change 1111 1111 Brown-out Reset Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Note 1: TO and PD bits retain their last value until one of the other reset conditions occur. 2: The CLRWDT instruction will set the TO and PD bits. TABLE 7-4: 1001 1xxx u00u uuuu(1) 1001 0uuu u000 1uuu(2) 1000 0uuu 000u uuuu x00x xxxx RESET CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS Address Power-On Reset MCLR or WDT Reset Wake-up on Pin Change Brown-out Reset W N/A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx TRIS N/A 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 OPTION N/A --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 OPTION2 N/A --11 1111 --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --xx xxxx INDF 00h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx TMR0 01h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx PCL(1) 02h 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 STATUS(1) 03h 1001 1xxx 100? ?uuu 000u uuuu x00x xxxx FSR 04h 111x xxxx 111u uuuu 111u uuuu 111x xxxx PORTA 05h ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu ---- xxxx PORTB 06h xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx 07-1Fh xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu xxxx xxxx Register General Purpose Register Files Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as '0', q = see tables in Section 7.10 for possible values. ? = value depends on condition. Note 1: See Table 7-3 for reset value for specific conditions. FIGURE 7-6: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT Power-up Detect POR (Power-on Reset) VDD BOR (Brown-out Reset) WDT Time-out MCLR/VPP pin RESET WDT On-chip RC OSC 8-bit Asynch Ripple Counter (Start-up Timer) S Q R Q CHIP RESET 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 35 PIC16HV540 7.4 Power-On Reset (POR) FIGURE 7-7: The PIC16HV540 incorporates on-chip Power-on Reset (POR) circuitry which provides an internal chip reset for most power-up situations. To use this feature, the user merely ties the MCLR/VPP pin to VDD. A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Power-on Reset circuit is shown in Figure 7-7. The Power-on Reset circuit and the Device Reset Timer (Section 7.5) circuit are closely related. On power-up, the reset latch is set and the DRT is reset. The DRT timer begins counting once it detects MCLR to be high. After the time-out period, which is typically 18 ms, it will reset the reset latch and thus end the onchip reset signal. A power-up example where MCLR is not tied to VDD is shown in Figure 7-8. VDD is allowed to rise and stabilize before bringing MCLR high. The chip will actually come out of reset TDRT msec after MCLR goes high. In Figure 7-9, the on-chip Power-on Reset feature is being used (MCLR and VDD are tied together). The VDD is stable before the start-up timer times out and there is no problem in getting a proper reset. However, Figure 7-10 depicts a problem situation where VDD rises too slowly. The time between when the DRT senses a high on the MCLR/VPP pin, and when the MCLR/VPP pin (and VDD) actually reach their full value, is too long. In this situation, when the start-up timer times out, VDD has not reached the VDD (min) value and the chip is, therefore, not guaranteed to function correctly. For such situations, we recommend that external RC circuits be used to achieve longer POR delay times (Figure 7-7). VDD EXTERNAL POWER-ON RESET CIRCUIT (FOR SLOW VDD POWER-UP) VDD D R R1 MCLR C PIC16HV540 * External Power-On Reset circuit is required only if VDD power-up is too slow. The diode D helps discharge the capacitor quickly when VDD powers down. * R < 40 k is recommended to make sure that voltage drop across R does not violate the device electrical specification. * R1 = 100 to 1 k will limit any current flowing into MCLR from external capacitor C in the event of MCLR pin breakdown due to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical Overstress (EOS). Note: When the device starts normal operation (exits the reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in reset until the operating conditions are met. For more information on PIC16HV540 POR, see Power-Up Considerations - AN522 in the Embedded Control Handbook. The POR circuit does not produce an internal reset when VDD declines. DS40197B-page 36 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 FIGURE 7-8: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD) VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT DRT TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET FIGURE 7-9: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): FAST VDD RISE TIME VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT DRT TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET FIGURE 7-10: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD): SLOW VDD RISE TIME V1 VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TDRT DRT TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET When VDD rises slowly, the TDRT time-out expires long before VDD has reached its final value. In this example, the chip will reset properly if, and only if, V1 VDD min. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 37 PIC16HV540 7.5 Device Reset Timer (DRT) 7.6 In the PIC16HV540, the Device Reset Timer (DRT) runs any time the device is powered up. DRT runs from reset and varies based on oscillator selection (see Table 7-5). The DRT provides a fixed 18 ms nominal time-out on reset. The DRT operates on an internal RC oscillator. The processor is kept in RESET as long as the DRT is active. The DRT delay allows Vdd to rise above Vdd min., and for the oscillator to stabilize. Oscillator circuits based on crystals or ceramic resonators require a certain time after power-up to establish a stable oscillation. The on-chip DRT keeps the device in a RESET condition for approximately 18 ms after the voltage on the MCLR/VPP pin has reach a logic high (VIH) level. Thus, external RC networks connected to the MCLR input are not required in most cases, allowing for savings in cost-sensitive and/or space restricted applications. The Device Reset time delay will vary from chip to chip due to VDD, temperature, and process variation. See AC parameters for details. The DRT will also be triggered upon a Watchdog Timer time-out, MCLR Reset, Wake-up from SLEEP on Pin Change and Brown-out Reset. When the external RC oscillator mode is selected, all DRT periods, after the initial POR, are 1 ms (typical). TABLE 7-5: DRT (DEVICE RESET TIMER PERIOD) Oscillator Configuration POR Reset Subsequent Resets EXTRC 18 ms (typical) 1 ms (typical) LP, XT & HS 18 ms (typical) 18 ms (typical) Brown-Out Detect (BOD) The PIC16HV540 has on-chip Brown-out Detect circuitry. If enabled and if the internal power, VREG, falls below parameter BVDD (See Section 10.1 ), for greater time than parameter TBOD (See Table 10-3) the brownout condition will reset the chip. A reset is not guaranteed if VREG falls below BVDD for less time than parameter (TBOD ). On resets (Brown-out, Watchdog, MCLR and Wake-up on Pin Change), the chip will remain in reset until VREG rises above BVDD. Once the BVDD threshold has been met the DRT will now be invoked and will keep the chip in reset an additional 18mS (LP, XT and HS oscillator modes) or 1mS for EXTRC. If VREG drops below BVDD while the DRT is running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset and the DRT will be re-initialized. Once VREG rises above the BVDD, the DRT will execute the specified time period. Figure 7-11 shows typical Brown-out situations. The Brown-out Detect circuit can be disabled or enabled by setting the BODEN bit in the OPTION2 SFR. The Brown-out Detect is disabled upon all Poweron Resets (POR). 7.6.1 IMPLEMENTING THE ON-CHIP BOD CIRCUIT The PIC16HV540 BOD circuitry differs from "conventional" brown-out detect circuitry in that the BOD circuitry on the PIC16HV540 does not directly detect "dips" in the external VDD supply voltage but rather the internal VREG. The functionality of the BOD circuitry ensures that program execution will halt and a reset state will be entered into prior to the internal logic becoming corrupted. The BOD circuit has two selectable voltage settings, nominally 5V and 3V. Each regulation voltage setting with its associated minimum and maximum BVDD parameters has an intended operational mode that must be carefully considered. For the 5V VREG setting, the minimum BVDD parameter is 2.7V. This minimum BVDD voltage is below the part VDD minimum requirements. This operational setting is primarily intended for use when the PIC16HV540 is operating at 4Mhz and VDD > 5.5V. For the 3V VREG setting, the minimum BVDD parameter is 1.8V. This minimum BVDD voltage is below the part VDD minimum requirements. This operational setting is primarily intended for use when the PIC16HV540 is in SLEEP. RAM retention is protected by the 1.8V trip level. For the regulation and Brown-out circuits to function as intended the applied VDD is nominally 0.5V greater than the regulation voltage setting. Finally, if the internal brown-out circuit is deemed not to meet system design requirements then an external brown-out protection circuit may be required. Microchip offers a complete family of voltage supervisor products which can meet most design requirements. DS40197B-page 38 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 FIGURE 7-11: BROWN-OUT SITUATIONS VREG BVDD(1) Internal Reset 18 ms(2) VREG BVDD(1) Internal Reset 18 ms(2) 18 ms(2) VREG BVDD(1) Internal Reset Note 1: 2: 7.7 18 ms(2) BVDD depends on selection of bit `RL' in OPTION2 SFR. DRT time depends on which oscillator mode is selected and which reset state the part is in. 7.7.2 Watchdog Timer (WDT) The Watchdog Timer (WDT) is a free running on-chip RC oscillator which does not require any external components. This RC oscillator is separate from the RC oscillator of the OSC1/CLKIN pin. That means that the WDT will run even if the clock on the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT pins have been stopped, for example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction. During normal operation or SLEEP, a WDT Reset or Wake-up Reset generates a device RESET. The TO bit (STATUS<4>) will be cleared upon a Watchdog Timer Reset. The Watchdog Timer is enabled/disabled by a device configuration bit (see Figure 7-1). If the WDT is enabled, software execution may not disable this function. When the WDTEN configuration bit is cleared, the SWDTEN bit, OPTION2<4>, enables/disables the operation of the WDT. 7.7.1 WDT PERIOD The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms, (with no prescaler). If a longer time-out period is desired, a prescaler with a division ratio of up to 1:128 can be assigned to the WDT (under software control) by writing to the OPTION register. Thus, time-out a period of a nominal 2.3 seconds can be realized. These periods vary with temperature, VDD and part-to-part process variations (see DC specs). Under worst case conditions (VDD = Min., Temperature = Max., max. WDT prescaler), it may take several seconds before a WDT time-out occurs. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. WDT PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS The CLRWDT instruction clears the WDT and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT, and prevents it from timing out and generating a device RESET. The SLEEP instruction resets the WDT and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT. This gives the maximum SLEEP time before a WDT Wake-up Reset. 7.8 Internal Voltage Regulators The PIC16HV540 has 2 internal voltage regulators. The PORTA I/O pads and OSC2 are powered by one internal voltage regulator VIO, while the second internal voltage regulator VREG, powers the PICmicro(R) device core. Both regulated voltage levels can be synchronously switched in the active modes between 3V and 5V through bit "RL" in the OPTION2 register. In addition, the "SL" bit in the OPTION2 register can be used to control the core's regulated voltage level during SLEEP mode. VREG regulates the 15V power applied to the VDD pin. The on-chip Brown-out Detect circuitry monitors the CPU regulated voltage VREG, for determining if a brown-out reset is generated (see Section 7.6 for more details on the BOD). The regulator circuits are identical in functional nature but only the VIO regulator voltage can be measured, externally (See Section 10.1 for VIO parameters). The operational voltage range and pin loading requirements must be considered to ensure proper system operation. For example, if 3V regulation is implemented during the SLEEP mode and 40mA is being sourced from PORTA, the VIO regulation voltage may approach the specified minimum voltage. This may be an issue to consider for connections to external circuitry. Likewise, if zero current is sourced from the PORTA pins, the regulation Preliminary DS40197B-page 39 PIC16HV540 voltage may approach the maximum value. Again this condition should be considered when interfacing to external circuitry. In addition, the voltage level applied to the external VDD pin and operational temperature affects the internal regulation voltage. FIGURE 7-12: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM From TMR0 Clock Source 0 M U X 1 Watchdog Timer Postscaler Postscaler PS<2:0> 8 - to - 1 MUX PSA To TMR0 1 0 SWDTEN bit WDTEN Configuration bit PSA MUX Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS<2:0> are bits in the OPTION register. WDT Time-out TABLE 7-6: Address SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WATCHDOG TIMER Name Bit 7 Bit 6 N/A OPTION -- -- N/A OPTION2 -- -- Legend: Bit 5 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on Power-On Reset Value on MCLR and WDT Reset Value on Wake-up on Pin Change Value on Brown-out Reset Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 PCWU SWDTEN RL SL BODL BODEN --UU UUU --uu uuuu --uu uuuu --xx xxxx Shaded boxes = Not used by Watchdog Timer, -- = unimplemented, read as '0', u = unchanged, x = unknown. DS40197B-page 40 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 7.9 Time-out Sequence and Power-down Status Bits (TO/PD/PCWUF) The TO, PD and PCWUF bits in the STATUS register can be tested to determine if a RESET condition has been caused by a power-up condition, a MCLR, Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset, WDT Wake-up Reset, or Wake-up from SLEEP on Pin Change. TABLE 7-7: TO/PD/PCWUF STATUS AFTER RESET PCWUF TO PD 1 1 1 RESET was caused by Power-up (POR) u u u MCLR Reset (normal operation)(1) u 1 0 MCLR Wake-up Reset (from SLEEP) u 0 1 WDT Reset (normal operation) u 0 0 WDT Wake-up Reset (from SLEEP) 0 u u Wake-up from SLEEP on Pin Change x x x Brown-out Reset Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown Note 1: The TO and PD and PCWUF bits maintain their status (u) until a reset occurs. A low-pulse on the MCLR input does not change the TO and PD and PCWUF status bits. 7.10 Power-down Mode (SLEEP) A device may be powered down (SLEEP) and later powered up (Wake-up from SLEEP). 7.10.1 SLEEP The Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP instruction. If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but keeps running, the TO bit (STATUS<4>) is set, the PD bit (STATUS<3>) is cleared, the PCWUF bit (STATUS<7>) is set and the oscillator driver is turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving high, driving low, or hi-impedance). It should be noted that a RESET generated by a WDT time-out does not drive the MCLR/VPP pin low. For lowest current consumption while powered down, the T0CKI input should be at VDD or VSS and the MCLR/ VPP pin must be at a logic high level (VIH MCLR). 7.10.2 WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP These STATUS bits are only affected by events listed in Table 7-8. The device can wake up from SLEEP through one of the following events: TABLE 7-8: 1. 2. Event EVENTS AFFECTING TO/PD STATUS BITS PCWUF TO PD Power-up 1 1 1 WDT Time-out u 0 u SLEEP instruction 1 1 0 CLRWDT instruction u 1 1 Wake-up from SLEEP on Pin Change 0 u u Legend: Remarks 3. No effect on PD 4. u = unchanged An external reset input on MCLR/VPP pin. A Watchdog Timer Time-out Reset (if WDT was enabled). A change on input pins PORTB:<0-3,7> when Wake-up on Pin Change is enabled. Brown-out Reset. These events cause a device RESET. The TO and PD and PCWUF bits can be used to determine the cause of device RESET. The TO bit is cleared if a WDT timeout occurred (and caused wake-up). The PD bit, which is set on power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked. Note: A WDT time-out will occur regardless of the status of the TO bit. A SLEEP instruction will be executed, regardless of the status of the PD bit. Table 7-7 reflects the status of TO and PD after the corresponding event. The PCWUF bit indicates a change in state while in SLEEP at pins PORTB:<0-3,7> (since the SLEEP state was entered). Table 7-3 lists the reset conditions for the special function registers, while Table 7-4 lists the reset conditions for all the registers. The WDT is cleared when the device wakes from SLEEP, regardless of the wake-up source. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 41 PIC16HV540 7.11 Program Verification/Code Protection If the code protection bit(s) have not been programmed, the on-chip program memory can be read out for verification purposes. Note: 7.12 Microchip does not recommend code protecting windowed devices. ID Locations Four memory locations are designated as ID locations where the user can store checksum or other code-identification numbers. These locations are not accessible during normal execution but are readable and writable during program/verify. Use only the lower 4 bits of the ID locations and always program the upper 8 bits as `1's. Note: Microchip will assign a unique pattern number for QTP and SQTP requests and for ROM devices. This pattern number will be unique and traceable to the submitted code. DS40197B-page 42 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 8.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY Each PIC16HV540 instruction is a 12-bit word divided into an OPCODE, which specifies the instruction type, and one or more operands which further specify the operation of the instruction. The PIC16HV540 instruction set summary in Table 8-2 groups the instructions into byte-oriented, bit-oriented, and literal and control operations. Table 8-1 shows the opcode field descriptions. For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a file register designator and 'd' represents a destination designator. The file register designator is used to specify which one of the 32 file registers is to be used by the instruction. The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is '0', the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is '1', the result is placed in the file register specified in the instruction. All instructions are executed within one single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction. In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1 s. If a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 s. Figure 8-1 shows the three general formats that the instructions can have. All examples in the figure use the following format to represent a hexadecimal number: 0xhhh where 'h' signifies a hexadecimal digit. FIGURE 8-1: Byte-oriented file register operations For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit field designator which selects the number of the bit affected by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the file in which the bit is located. For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an 8 or 9-bit constant or literal value. TABLE 8-1: Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F) Working register (accumulator) Bit address within an 8-bit file register Literal field, constant data or label Don't care location (= 0 or 1) The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. Destination select; d = 0 (store result in W) d = 1 (store result in file register 'f') Default is d = 1 Label name Top of Stack Program Counter Watchdog Timer Counter Time-Out bit Power-Down bit Destination, either the W register or the specified register file location Options Contents Assigned to Register bit field In the set of User defined term (font is courier) x d label TOS PC WDT TO PD dest [ ] ( ) <> italics 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. 5 d 4 0 f (FILE #) d = 0 for destination W d = 1 for destination f f = 5-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations OPCODE f k 6 OPCODE 11 Description b 11 OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS Field W GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS 8 7 5 4 b (BIT #) f (FILE #) 0 b = 3-bit bit address f = 5-bit file register address Literal and control operations (except GOTO) 11 8 7 OPCODE 0 k (literal) k = 8-bit immediate value Literal and control operations - GOTO instruction Preliminary 11 9 8 OPCODE 0 k (literal) k = 9-bit immediate value DS40197B-page 43 PIC16HV540 TABLE 8-2: INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY 12-Bit Opcode Mnemonic, Operands ADDWF ANDWF CLRF CLRW COMF DECF DECFSZ INCF INCFSZ IORWF MOVF MOVWF NOP RLF RRF SUBWF SWAPF XORWF Description MSb f,d f,d f - f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f - f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d Add W and f AND W with f Clear f Clear W Complement f Decrement f Decrement f, Skip if 0 Increment f Increment f, Skip if 0 Inclusive OR W with f Move f Move W to f No Operation Rotate left f through Carry Rotate right f through Carry Subtract W from f Swap f Exclusive OR W with f LSb Status Affected Cycles Notes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1(2) 1 1(2) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0001 0001 0000 0000 0010 0000 0010 0010 0011 0001 0010 0000 0000 0011 0011 0000 0011 0001 11df 01df 011f 0100 01df 11df 11df 10df 11df 00df 00df 001f 0000 01df 00df 10df 10df 10df ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff C,DC,Z Z Z Z Z Z None Z None Z Z None None C C C,DC,Z None Z 1,2,4 2,4 4 1 1 1 (2) 1 (2) 0100 0101 0110 0111 bbbf bbbf bbbf bbbf ffff ffff ffff ffff None None None None 2,4 2,4 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1110 1001 0000 101k 1101 1100 0000 1000 0000 0000 1111 kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk 0000 0000 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0100 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0010 kkkk 0011 0fff kkkk Z None TO, PD None Z None None None TO, PD,PCWUF None Z 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 1,4 2,4 2,4 1,2,4 2,4 2,4 BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS BCF BSF BTFSC BTFSS f, b f, b f, b f, b Bit Clear f Bit Set f Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Bit Test f, Skip if Set LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS ANDLW CALL CLRWDT GOTO IORLW MOVLW OPTION RETLW SLEEP TRIS XORLW k k k k k k k k - f k AND literal with W Call subroutine Clear Watchdog Timer Unconditional branch Inclusive OR Literal with W Move Literal to W Load OPTION register Return, place Literal in W Go into standby mode Load TRIS register Exclusive OR Literal to W 1 3 Note 1: The 9th bit of the program counter will be forced to a '0' by any instruction that writes to the PC except for GOTO. (See individual device data sheets, Memory Section/Indirect Data Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers) 2: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself (e.g. MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a '0'. 3: The instruction TRIS f, where f = 5 or 6 causes the contents of the W register to be written to the tristate latches of PORTA or B respectively. A '1' forces the pin to a hi-impedance state and disables the output buffers. 4: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared (if assigned to TMR0). DS40197B-page 44 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 ADDWF Add W and f Syntax: [ label ] ADDWF ANDWF AND W with f Syntax: [ label ] ANDWF Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: (W) + (f) (dest) Operation: (W) .AND. (f) (dest) f,d Status Affected: C, DC, Z Encoding: 0001 Description: f,d Status Affected: Z Encoding: 0001 Add the contents of the W register and register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is '1' the result is stored back in register 'f'. Description: The contents of the W register are AND'ed with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is '1' the result is stored back in register 'f'. Words: 1 Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: ADDWF Example: ANDWF 11df ffff FSR, 0 Before Instruction W = FSR = W = FSR = After Instruction W = FSR = W = FSR = 0xD9 0xC2 ANDLW And literal with W Syntax: [ label ] ANDLW Operands: 0 k 255 Operation: (W).AND. (k) (W) k Status Affected: Z 1110 Description: The contents of the W register are AND'ed with the eight-bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. 1 Example: ANDLW kkkk BCF Bit Clear f Syntax: [ label ] BCF Operands: 0 f 31 0b7 Operation: 0 (f<b>) kkkk = 0100 Description: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: BCF 0x5F = bbbf ffff FLAG_REG, 7 Before Instruction FLAG_REG = 0xC7 0xA3 After Instruction After Instruction W f,b Encoding: Before Instruction W 0x17 0x02 Status Affected: None Encoding: Cycles: 1 0x17 0xC2 After Instruction 1 FSR, ffff Before Instruction 0x17 0xC2 Words: 01df FLAG_REG = 0x47 0x03 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 45 PIC16HV540 BSF Bit Set f Syntax: [ label ] BSF BTFSS Bit Test f, Skip if Set Syntax: [ label ] BTFSS f,b Operands: 0 f 31 0b7 Operands: 0 f 31 0b<7 Operation: 1 (f<b>) Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1 f,b Status Affected: None Status Affected: None Encoding: 0101 Description: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: BSF bbbf ffff FLAG_REG, Encoding: 0111 Description: If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1' then the next instruction is skipped. Before Instruction FLAG_REG = 0x0A After Instruction FLAG_REG = 0x8A Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Syntax: [ label ] BTFSC f,b Operands: 0 f 31 0b7 Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0 Words: 1 Cycles: 1(2) Example: HERE FALSE TRUE * * Description: 0110 BTFSS GOTO * FLAG,1 PROCESS_CODE Before Instruction PC = address (HERE) = = = = 0, address (FALSE); 1, address (TRUE) After Instruction Status Affected: None Encoding: ffff If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead, making this a 2 cycle instruction. 7 BTFSC bbbf bbbf ffff If bit 'b' in register 'f' is 0 then the next instruction is skipped. If FLAG<1> PC if FLAG<1> PC If bit 'b' is 0 then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded, and an NOP is executed instead, making this a 2 cycle instruction. Words: 1 Cycles: 1(2) Example: HERE FALSE TRUE BTFSC GOTO * * * FLAG,1 PROCESS_CODE Before Instruction PC = address (HERE) = = = = 0, address (TRUE); 1, address(FALSE) After Instruction if FLAG<1> PC if FLAG<1> PC DS40197B-page 46 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 CALL Subroutine Call CLRW Clear W Syntax: [ label ] CALL k Syntax: [ label ] CLRW Operands: 0 k 255 Operands: None Operation: (PC) + 1 Top of Stack; k PC<7:0>; (STATUS<6:5>) PC<10:9>; 0 PC<8> Operation: 00h (W); 1Z Status Affected: Z Status Affected: None Encoding: 1001 Description: Subroutine call. First, return address (PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The eight bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits <7:0>. The upper bits PC<10:9> are loaded from STATUS<6:5>, PC<8> is cleared. CALL is a two cycle instruction. kkkk kkkk 0000 Description: The W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is set. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: CLRW 0100 0000 Before Instruction W = 0x5A After Instruction Words: 1 Cycles: 2 Example: HERE W Z CALL = = 0x00 1 THERE Before Instruction PC = Encoding: address (HERE) CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer Syntax: [ label ] CLRWDT After Instruction Operands: None PC = TOS = Operation: 00h WDT; 0 WDT prescaler (if assigned); 1 TO; 1 PD address (THERE) address (HERE + 1) CLRF Clear f Syntax: [ label ] CLRF Operands: 0 f 31 Operation: 00h (f); 1Z f Status Affected: TO, PD Encoding: 0000 Description: The CLRWDT instruction resets the WDT. It also resets the prescaler, if the prescaler is assigned to the WDT and not Timer0. Status bits TO and PD are set. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: CLRWDT Status Affected: Z Encoding: 0000 Description: The contents of register 'f' are cleared and the Z bit is set. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: CLRF 011f ffff = 0x5A WDT counter = = = 0x00 1 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. ? After Instruction WDT counter WDT prescale TO PD After Instruction FLAG_REG Z 0100 Before Instruction FLAG_REG Before Instruction FLAG_REG 0000 Preliminary = = = = 0x00 0 1 1 DS40197B-page 47 PIC16HV540 COMF Complement f Syntax: [ label ] COMF Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: (f) (dest) f,d Status Affected: Z 0010 Description: The contents of register 'f' are complemented. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: COMF 01df ffff = = Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: (f) - 1 d; 0x13 0010 Description: The contents of register 'f' are decremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. Words: 1 Cycles: 1(2) Example: HERE 0x13 0xEC DECF Decrement f Syntax: [ label ] DECF f,d Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: (f) - 1 (dest) PC CNT if CNT PC if CNT PC 0000 Description: Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. 1 Cycles: 1 Example: DECF Before Instruction = = = = DECFSZ GOTO CONTINUE * * * CNT, 1 LOOP = address (HERE) 11df CNT, ffff = = = = CNT - 1; 0, address (CONTINUE); 0, address (HERE+1) GOTO Unconditional Branch Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 k 511 Operation: k PC<8:0>; STATUS<6:5> PC<10:9> 1 GOTO k Status Affected: None 0x01 0 After Instruction CNT Z ffff After Instruction Encoding: Words: 11df Before Instruction Status Affected: Z CNT Z skip if result = 0 Encoding: REG1,0 After Instruction REG1 W [ label ] DECFSZ f,d If the result is 0, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead making it a two cycle instruction. Before Instruction = Decrement f, Skip if 0 Syntax: Status Affected: None Encoding: REG1 DECFSZ Encoding: 101k Description: GOTO is an unconditional branch. The 9-bit immediate value is loaded into PC bits <8:0>. The upper bits of PC are loaded from STATUS<6:5>. GOTO is a two cycle instruction. 0x00 1 kkkk Words: 1 Cycles: 2 Example: GOTO THERE kkkk After Instruction PC = DS40197B-page 48 Preliminary address (THERE) 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 INCF Increment f IORLW Inclusive OR literal with W Syntax: [ label ] Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operands: 0 k 255 Operation: (f) + 1 (dest) (W) .OR. (k) (W) Operation: INCF f,d Status Affected: Z Status Affected: Z Encoding: 0010 Description: The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: INCF 10df CNT, ffff Encoding: 1101 Description: The contents of the W register are OR'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: IORLW = = kkkk kkkk 0x35 Before Instruction 1 W Before Instruction CNT Z IORLW k = 0x9A After Instruction 0xFF 0 W Z = = 0xBF 0 After Instruction CNT Z = = 0x00 1 IORWF Inclusive OR W with f Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] (W).OR. (f) (dest) IORWF f,d INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0 Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: (f) + 1 (dest), skip if result = 0 Encoding: 0001 Description: Inclusive OR the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: IORWF Operation: INCFSZ f,d Status Affected: Z Status Affected: None Encoding: 0011 Description: The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. 11df ffff If the result is 0, then the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded and an NOP is executed instead making it a two cycle instruction. 00df ffff RESULT, 0 Before Instruction RESULT = W = 0x13 0x91 After Instruction Words: 1 Cycles: 1(2) Example: HERE INCFSZ GOTO CONTINUE * * * CNT, LOOP 1 RESULT = W = Z = 0x13 0x93 0 Before Instruction PC = address (HERE) After Instruction CNT if CNT PC if CNT PC = = = = CNT + 1; 0, address (CONTINUE); 0, address (HERE +1) 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 49 PIC16HV540 MOVF Move f Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: (f) (dest) MOVF f,d Encoding: 0010 Description: The contents of register 'f' is moved to destination 'd'. If 'd' is 0, destination is the W register. If 'd' is 1, the destination is file register 'f'. 'd' is 1 is useful to test a file register since status flag Z is affected. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: MOVF Move W to f Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 31 Operation: (W) (f) ffff = f Encoding: 0000 Description: Move data from the W register to register 'f'. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: MOVWF 001f ffff TEMP_REG Before Instruction TEMP_REG W FSR, = = 0xFF 0x4F = = 0x4F 0x4F After Instruction 0 TEMP_REG W After Instruction W MOVWF Status Affected: None Status Affected: Z 00df MOVWF value in FSR register NOP No Operation [ label ] MOVLW Move Literal to W Syntax: Syntax: [ label ] Operands: None Operands: 0 k 255 Operation: No operation Operation: k (W) Status Affected: None MOVLW k Status Affected: None Encoding: 0000 NOP 0000 Encoding: 1100 Description: No operation. Description: The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into the W register. The don't cares will assemble as 0s. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Words: 1 Example: NOP Cycles: 1 Example: MOVLW kkkk kkkk 0000 0x5A After Instruction W = DS40197B-page 50 0x5A Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 OPTION Load OPTION Register RLF Rotate Left f through Carry Syntax: [ label ] Syntax: [ label ] Operands: None Operands: Operation: (W) OPTION 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: See description below OPTION Status Affected: None Encoding: 0000 0000 0010 The content of the W register is loaded into the OPTION register. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Encoding: 0011 Description: The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the left through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. OPTIO N = 0x07 After Instruction OPTION = 0x07 RETLW Return with Literal in W Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 k 255 Operation: k (W); TOS PC Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: RLF REG1 C REG1 W C 1000 Description: The W register is loaded with the eight bit literal 'k'. The program counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address). This is a two cycle instruction. 1 Cycles: 2 Example: CALL TABLE ;W contains ;table offset ;value. * ;W now has table * ;value. * ADDWF PC ;W = offset RETLW k1 ;Begin table RETLW k2 ; * * * RETLW kn ; End of table = = = = 1110 0110 1100 1100 1 Syntax: [ label ] Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: See description below RRF f,d Status Affected: C Encoding: 0011 Description: The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. 00df C Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example: RRF ffff register 'f' REG1,0 Before Instruction REG1 C 0x07 = = 1110 0110 0 After Instruction value of k8 REG1 W C 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. 1110 0110 0 Rotate Right f through Carry After Instruction W = = RRF Before Instruction = REG1,0 kkkk Words: W register 'f' After Instruction Encoding: kkkk ffff Before Instruction RETLW k Status Affected: None TABLE 01df C Before Instruction W f,d Status Affected: C Description: Example RLF Preliminary = = = 1110 0110 0111 0011 0 DS40197B-page 51 PIC16HV540 SLEEP Enter SLEEP Mode SUBWF Subtract W from f Syntax: [label] Syntax: [label] Operands: None Operands: Operation: 00h WDT; 0 WDT prescaler; 1 TO; 0 PD 1 PCWUF 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: (f) - (W) (dest) SLEEP Status Affected: C, DC, Z Encoding: Status Affected: TO, PD, PCWUF Encoding: 0000 Description: Time-out status bit (TO) is set. The power down status bit (PD) is cleared. The WDT and its prescaler are cleared. 0000 1 Cycles: 1 Example: SLEEP 0000 10df ffff Description: Subtract (2's complement method) the W register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example 1: SUBWF 0011 The processor is put into SLEEP mode with the oscillator stopped. See section on SLEEP for more details. Words: SUBWF f,d REG1, 1 Before Instruction REG1 W C = = = 3 2 ? After Instruction REG1 W C = = = 1 2 1 ; result is positive Example 2: Before Instruction REG1 W C = = = 2 2 ? After Instruction REG1 W C = = = 0 2 1 ; result is zero Example 3: Before Instruction REG1 W C = = = 1 2 ? After Instruction REG1 W C DS40197B-page 52 Preliminary = = = FF 2 0 ; result is negative 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 SWAPF Swap Nibbles in f XORLW Exclusive OR literal with W Syntax: [ label ] SWAPF f,d Syntax: [label] Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operands: 0 k 255 (f<3:0>) (dest<7:4>); (f<7:4>) (dest<3:0>) Operation: (W) .XOR. k (W) Status Affected: Z Operation: Encoding: Status Affected: None XORLW k 1111 kkkk kkkk Description: The upper and lower nibbles of register 'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed in register 'f'. The contents of the W register are XOR'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Words: 1 Example: XORLW Cycles: 1 Example SWAPF Encoding: 0011 Description: 10df ffff REG1, W 0 = W 0xA5 After Instruction REG1 W = = = 0xB5 After Instruction Before Instruction REG1 0xAF Before Instruction 0xA5 0X5A = 0x1A XORWF Exclusive OR W with f Syntax: [ label ] XORWF Operands: 0 f 31 d [0,1] Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) (dest) f,d TRIS Load TRIS Register Syntax: [ label ] TRIS Operands: f = 5, 6 or 7 Status Affected: Z Operation: (W) TRIS register f Encoding: 0001 Description: Exclusive OR the contents of the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is stored back in register 'f'. Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example XORWF f Status Affected: None Encoding: 0000 0000 0fff Description: TRIS register 'f' (f = 5, 6, or 7*) is loaded with the contents of the W register Words: 1 Cycles: 1 Example TRIS PORTA Before Instruction W = = ffff REG,1 Before Instruction 0XA5 REG W After Instruction TRISA 10df 0xAF 0xB5 After Instruction 0XA5 REG W *A TRIS 7 operation will update the OPTION2 SFR. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. = = Preliminary = = 0x1A 0xB5 DS40197B-page 53 PIC16HV540 NOTES: DS40197B-page 54 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 9.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT MPLAB allows you to: (R) The PICmicro microcontrollers are supported with a full range of hardware and software development tools: * Integrated Development Environment - MPLAB(R) IDE Software * Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers - MPASM Assembler - MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 C Compilers - MPLINK/MPLIB Linker/Librarian * Simulators - MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator * Emulators - MPLAB-ICE Real-Time In-Circuit Emulator - PICMASTER(R)/PICMASTER-CE In-Circuit Emulator - ICEPICTM * In-Circuit Debugger - MPLAB-ICD for PIC16F877 * Device Programmers - PRO MATE II Universal Programmer - PICSTART Plus Entry-Level Prototype Programmer * Low-Cost Demonstration Boards - SIMICE - PICDEM-1 - PICDEM-2 - PICDEM-3 - PICDEM-17 - SEEVAL - KEELOQ 9.1 The ability to use MPLAB with Microchip's simulator, MPLAB-SIM, allows a consistent platform and the ability to easily switch from the cost-effective simulator to the full featured emulator with minimal retraining. 9.2 MPASM has a command line interface and a Windows shell and can be used as a standalone application on a Windows 3.x or greater system. MPASM generates relocatable object files, Intel standard HEX files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, an absolute LST file which contains source lines and generated machine code, and a COD file for MPLAB debugging. MPASM features include: The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8-bit microcontroller market. MPLAB is a Windows-based application which contains: 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. MPASM Assembler MPASM is a full featured universal macro assembler for all PICmicro MCU's. It can produce absolute code directly in the form of HEX files for device programmers, or it can generate relocatable objects for MPLINK. MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software * Multiple functionality - editor - simulator - programmer (sold separately) - emulator (sold separately) * A full featured editor * A project manager * Customizable tool bar and key mapping * A status bar * On-line help * Edit your source files (either assembly or `C') * One touch assemble (or compile) and download to PICmicro tools (automatically updates all project information) * Debug using: - source files - absolute listing file - object code * MPASM and MPLINK are integrated into MPLAB projects. * MPASM allows user defined macros to be created for streamlined assembly. * MPASM allows conditional assembly for multi purpose source files. * MPASM directives allow complete control over the assembly process. 9.3 MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 C Compilers The MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 Code Development Systems are complete ANSI `C' compilers and integrated development environments for Microchip's PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX family of microcontrollers, respectively. These compilers provide powerful integration capabilities and ease of use not found with other compilers. For easier source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is compatible with the MPLAB IDE memory display. Preliminary DS40197B-page 55 PIC16HV540 9.4 MPLINK/MPLIB Linker/Librarian MPLINK is a relocatable linker for MPASM and MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18. It can link relocatable objects from assembly or C source files along with precompiled libraries using directives from a linker script. MPLIB is a librarian for pre-compiled code to be used with MPLINK. When a routine from a library is called from another source file, only the modules that contains that routine will be linked in with the application. This allows large libraries to be used efficiently in many different applications. MPLIB manages the creation and modification of library files. MPLINK features include: * MPLINK works with MPASM and MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18. * MPLINK allows all memory areas to be defined as sections to provide link-time flexibility. MPLIB features include: * MPLIB makes linking easier because single libraries can be included instead of many smaller files. * MPLIB helps keep code maintainable by grouping related modules together. * MPLIB commands allow libraries to be created and modules to be added, listed, replaced, deleted, or extracted. 9.5 MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator The MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator allows code development in a PC host environment by simulating the PICmicro series microcontrollers on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a file or user-defined key press to any of the pins. The execution can be performed in single step, execute until break, or trace mode. MPLAB-SIM fully supports symbolic debugging using MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 and MPASM. The Software Simulator offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the laboratory environment making it an excellent multi-project software development tool. 9.6 MPLAB-ICE High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator with MPLAB IDE The MPLAB-ICE Universal In-Circuit Emulator is intended to provide the product development engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for PICmicro microcontrollers (MCUs). Software control of MPLAB-ICE is provided by the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE), which allows editing, "make" and download, and source debugging from a single environment. DS40197B-page 56 Interchangeable processor modules allow the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The universal architecture of the MPLAB-ICE allows expansion to support new PICmicro microcontrollers. The MPLAB-ICE Emulator System has been designed as a real-time emulation system with advanced features that are generally found on more expensive development tools. The PC platform and Microsoft(R) Windows 3.x/95/98 environment were chosen to best make these features available to you, the end user. MPLAB-ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator system with enhanced trace, trigger, and data monitoring features. Both systems use the same processor modules and will operate across the full operating speed range of the PICmicro MCU. 9.7 PICMASTER/PICMASTER CE The PICMASTER system from Microchip Technology is a full-featured, professional quality emulator system. This flexible in-circuit emulator provides a high-quality, universal platform for emulating Microchip 8-bit PICmicro microcontrollers (MCUs). PICMASTER systems are sold worldwide, with a CE compliant model available for European Union (EU) countries. 9.8 ICEPIC ICEPIC is a low-cost in-circuit emulation solution for the Microchip Technology PIC16C5X, PIC16C6X, PIC16C7X, and PIC16CXXX families of 8-bit one-timeprogrammable (OTP) microcontrollers. The modular system can support different subsets of PIC16C5X or PIC16CXXX products through the use of interchangeable personality modules or daughter boards. The emulator is capable of emulating without target application circuitry being present. 9.9 MPLAB-ICD In-Circuit Debugger Microchip's In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB-ICD, is a powerful, low-cost run-time development tool. This tool is based on the flash PIC16F877 and can be used to develop for this and other PICmicro microcontrollers from the PIC16CXXX family. MPLAB-ICD utilizes the In-Circuit Debugging capability built into the PIC16F87X. This feature, along with Microchip's In-Circuit Serial Programming protocol, offers cost-effective in-circuit flash programming and debugging from the graphical user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment. This enables a designer to develop and debug source code by watching variables, single-stepping and setting break points. Running at full speed enables testing hardware in real-time. The MPLAB-ICD is also a programmer for the flash PIC16F87X family. Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 9.10 PRO MATE II Universal Programmer The PRO MATE II Universal Programmer is a full-featured programmer capable of operating in stand-alone mode as well as PC-hosted mode. PRO MATE II is CE compliant. The PRO MATE II has programmable VDD and VPP supplies which allows it to verify programmed memory at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has an LCD display for instructions and error messages, keys to enter commands and a modular detachable socket assembly to support various package types. In stand-alone mode the PRO MATE II can read, verify or program PICmicro devices. It can also set code-protect bits in this mode. 9.11 PICSTART Plus Entry Level Development System The PICSTART programmer is an easy-to-use, lowcost prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via one of the COM (RS-232) ports. MPLAB Integrated Development Environment software makes using the programmer simple and efficient. PICSTART Plus supports all PICmicro devices with up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices such as the PIC16C92X, and PIC17C76X may be supported with an adapter socket. PICSTART Plus is CE compliant. 9.12 SIMICE Entry-Level Hardware Simulator SIMICE is an entry-level hardware development system designed to operate in a PC-based environment with Microchip's simulator MPLAB-SIM. Both SIMICE and MPLAB-SIM run under Microchip Technology's MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software. Specifically, SIMICE provides hardware simulation for Microchip's PIC12C5XX, PIC12CE5XX, and PIC16C5X families of PICmicro 8-bit microcontrollers. SIMICE works in conjunction with MPLAB-SIM to provide non-real-time I/O port emulation. SIMICE enables a developer to run simulator code for driving the target system. In addition, the target system can provide input to the simulator code. This capability allows for simple and interactive debugging without having to manually generate MPLAB-SIM stimulus files. SIMICE is a valuable debugging tool for entry-level system development. 9.13 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PICmicro Demonstration Board The PICDEM-1 is a simple board which demonstrates the capabilities of several of Microchip's microcontrollers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X (PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is included to run basic demo programs. The users can program the sample microcontrollers provided with 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. the PICDEM-1 board, on a PRO MATE II or PICSTART-Plus programmer, and easily test firmware. The user can also connect the PICDEM-1 board to the MPLAB-ICE emulator and download the firmware to the emulator for testing. Additional prototype area is available for the user to build some additional hardware and connect it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, push-button switches and eight LEDs connected to PORTB. 9.14 PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demonstration Board The PICDEM-2 is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C62, PIC16C64, PIC16C65, PIC16C73 and PIC16C74 microcontrollers. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the basic demonstration programs. The user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-2 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer or PICSTART-Plus, and easily test firmware. The MPLAB-ICE emulator may also be used with the PICDEM-2 board to test firmware. Additional prototype area has been provided to the user for adding additional hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include a RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a Serial EEPROM to demonstrate usage of the I2C bus and separate headers for connection to an LCD module and a keypad. 9.15 PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX Demonstration Board The PICDEM-3 is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC package. It will also support future 44-pin PLCC microcontrollers with a LCD Module. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the basic demonstration programs. The user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-3 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer or PICSTART Plus with an adapter socket, and easily test firmware. The MPLAB-ICE emulator may also be used with the PICDEM-3 board to test firmware. Additional prototype area has been provided to the user for adding hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor and separate headers for connection to an external LCD module and a keypad. Also provided on the PICDEM-3 board is an LCD panel, with 4 commons and 12 segments, that is capable of displaying time, temperature and day of the week. The PICDEM-3 provides an additional RS-232 interface and Windows 3.1 software for showing the demultiplexed LCD signals on a PC. A simple serial interface allows the user to construct a hardware demultiplexer for the LCD signals. Preliminary DS40197B-page 57 PIC16HV540 9.16 PICDEM-17 The PICDEM-17 is an evaluation board that demonstrates the capabilities of several Microchip microcontrollers, including PIC17C752, PIC17C756, PIC17C762, and PIC17C766. All necessary hardware is included to run basic demo programs, which are supplied on a 3.5-inch disk. A programmed sample is included, and the user may erase it and program it with the other sample programs using the PRO MATE II or PICSTART Plus device programmers and easily debug and test the sample code. In addition, PICDEM-17 supports down-loading of programs to and executing out of external FLASH memory on board. The PICDEM-17 is also usable with the MPLAB-ICE or PICMASTER emulator, and all of the sample programs can be run and modified using either emulator. Additionally, a generous prototype area is available for user hardware. 9.17 SEEVAL Evaluation and Programming System The SEEVAL SEEPROM Designer's Kit supports all Microchip 2-wire and 3-wire Serial EEPROMs. The kit includes everything necessary to read, write, erase or program special features of any Microchip SEEPROM product including Smart Serials and secure serials. The Total Endurance Disk is included to aid in tradeoff analysis and reliability calculations. The total kit can significantly reduce time-to-market and result in an optimized system. 9.18 KEELOQ Evaluation and Programming Tools KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools support Microchips HCS Secure Data Products. The HCS evaluation kit includes an LCD display to show changing codes, a decoder to decode transmissions, and a programming interface to program test transmitters. DS40197B-page 58 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Software Tools Emulators 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Programmers Debugger a a a PIC16C5X a a a a a a a PIC14000 a a a a a a PIC12CXXX a a a a a a a PICSTARTPlus Low-Cost Universal Dev. Kit PRO MATE II Universal Programmer a a a a PIC16C8X a a a a a a a PIC16C7XX a a a a a a a PIC16C7X a a a a a a a PIC16F62X a a a PIC16CXXX a a a a a PIC16C6X a a a a a a a a Preliminary MCP2510 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a (R) * Contact the Microchip Technology Inc. web site at www.microchip.com for information on how to use the MPLAB -ICD In-Circuit Debugger (DV164001) with PIC16C62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77 ** Contact Microchip Technology Inc. for availability date. Development tool is available on select devices. a MCP2510 CAN Developer's Kit PIC16F8XX a MCRFXXX a a a 13.56 MHz Anticollision microID Developer's Kit a 125 kHz Anticollision microID Developer's Kit a 125 kHz microID Developer's Kit a a a a microIDTM Programmer's Kit PIC16C9XX a KEELOQ Transponder Kit a KEELOQ(R) Evaluation Kit a PICDEM-17 a a a a PICDEM-14A PIC17C4X a a a a PICDEM-3 a a a a ** 24CXX/ 25CXX/ 93CXX a PICDEM-2 a ** a PICDEM-1 a a a * PIC17C7XX a a ** HCSXXX a SIMICE (R) MPLAB -ICD In-Circuit Debugger ICEPIC Low-Cost In-Circuit Emulator PICMASTER/PICMASTER-CE PIC18CXX2 a * a MPASM/MPLINK (R) MPLAB -ICE TABLE 9-1: Demo Boards and Eval Kits (R) MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (R) MPLAB C17 Compiler (R) MPLAB C18 Compiler PIC16HV540 DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP DS40197B-page 59 PIC16HV540 NOTES: DS40197B-page 60 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 10.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16HV540 Absolute Maximum Ratings Ambient temperature under bias.............................................................................................................. -20C to +85C Storage temperature ............................................................................................................................. -65C to +150C Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ...................................................................................................................0 to +16V Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS................................................................................................................0 to +14V Voltage on all other pins with respect to VSS ................................................................................. -0.6V to (VDD + 0.6V) Total power dissipation(1) .....................................................................................................................................800 mW Max. current out of VSS pin ...................................................................................................................................150 mA Max. current into VDD pin ......................................................................................................................................100 mA Max. current into an input pin (T0CKI only) .....................................................................................................................500 A Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD) ................................................................................................................... 20 mA Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) .............................................................................................................. 20 mA Max. output current sunk by any I/O pin .................................................................................................................25 mA Max. output current sourced by any I/O pin ............................................................................................................10 mA Max. output current sourced by a single I/O port A or B .........................................................................................40 mA Max. output current sourced by a single I/O port A or B ........................................................................................50 mA Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + (VOL x IOL) 2: Voltage spikes below VSS at the MCLR pin, inducing currents greater than 80mA, may cause latch-up. Thus, a series resistor of 50-100 should be used when applying a "low" level to the MCLR pin rather than pulling this pin directly to VSS. NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 61 PIC16HV540 10.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16HV540-04, 20 (Commercial) PIC16HV540-04I, 20I (Industrial) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) DC Characteristics Power Supply Pins Characteristic Supply Voltage Typ.(1) Max. Units Sym. Min. Conditions VDD 3.5 4.5 -- 15 15 V V LP, XT and RC modes HS mode RAM Data Retention Voltage(2) VDR -- 1.5* -- V Device in SLEEP mode VDD start voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VPOR -- VSS -- V See section on Power-on Reset for details. VDD rise rate to ensure Power-on Reset SVDD 0.05 VDD Supply Current(3) HS option XT and RC(4) options LP option IDD Power-down Current(5)(6) IPD -- -- -- 5 1.8 300 20 3.3 500 mA mA A FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V, WDT disabled -- 4.5 20 A -- 0.25 14 A -- 1.8 10 A -- 1.4 5 A VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V sleep timer enable, BOD disabled VDD = 15V, VREG = 3V sleep timer enable, BOD disabled VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V sleep timer disabled, BOD disabled VDD = 15V, VREG = 3V sleep timer disabled, BOD disabled -- 0.5 -- A VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V, BOD enabled BVDD 2.7 1.8 3.1 2.2 4.2 2.8 V V VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V* (7) VDD = 15V, VREG = 3V* (7) VIO 2 3 4.5 V 4 5 6 V VDD = 15V, VREG = 3V, Unloaded outputs, SLEEP VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V, Unloaded outputs, SLEEP Brown-out Current Brown-out Detector Threshold Regulation Voltage V/ms See Section 7.4 for details on Power-on Reset * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is based on characterization results at 25C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested. 2: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data. 3: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to Vss, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. b) For standby current measurements, the conditions are the same, except that the device is in SLEEP mode. 4: Does not include current through REXT. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: IR = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. 5: The power down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS. 6: The oscillator start-up time can be as much as 8 seconds for XT and LP oscillator selection, if the SLEEP mode is exited or during initial power-up. 7: See Section 7.6.1 for additional information. DS40197B-page 62 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 10.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16HV540-04, 20 (Commercial) PIC16HV540-04I, 20I (Industrial) DC Characteristics All Pins Except Power Supply Pins Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Min. Typ.(1) Max. Units VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.10 VREG 0.10 VREG 0.10 VREG 0.10 VREG 0.3 VREG 0.10 VREG V V V V V V Pin at Hi-impedance 0.25 VREG+0.8V 0.85 VREG 0.85 VREG 4.5V 4.5V 0.25 VREG+0.8V -- -- -- -- -- -- VREG VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD V V V V V V For all VREG 0.15 VREG* -- -- V -1.0 -1.0 0.5 0.5 +1.0 +1.0 A A VSS VPIN VIO, Pin at Hi-impedance VSS VPIN VDD -3.0 -3.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 +5.0 +3.0 +3.0 +3.0 A A A A VPIN = VSS +0.25V(2) VPIN = VDD(2) VSS VPIN VDD VSS VPIN VDD, HS, XT, and LP options -- -- 0.6 V OSC2/CLKOUT -- -- 0.6 V I/O Ports -- -- 0.6 V VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V, IOL = 8.7 mA VDD = 15V, VREG = 3V, IOL = 5.0 mA VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V, IOL = 1.2 mA, (RC option only) VDD = 15V, VREG = 3V, IOL = 1.0 mA, (RC option only) VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V, IOL = 3.0 mA VDD = 10V, VREG = 3V, IOL = 3.0 mA VREG-0.7 -- -- V VREG-0.7 -- -- V VDD-0.7 -- -- V VDD = 15V, VIO = 3V, IOH = -2.0 mA VDD = 15V, VIO = 5V, IOH = -3.0 mA VDD = 15V, VIO = 3V, IOH = -0.5 mA (RC option only) VDD = 15V, VIO = 5V, IOH = -1.0 mA (RC option only) VDD = 15V, VIO = 5V, IOH = -5.4 mA VDD-1.5 VDD-1.0 VDD-0.5 V VDD = 15V Characteristic Sym. Input Low Voltage I/O Ports PORTA MCLR (Schmitt Trigger) T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 I/O Ports PORTB VIL Input High Voltage I/O Ports PORTA MCLR (Schmitt Trigger) T0CKI (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 (Schmitt Trigger) OSC1 I/O Ports PORTB VIH Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger inputs Input Leakage Current(3) I/O Ports PORTA I/O Ports PORTB VHYS -5.0 T0CKI OSC1 VOH OSC2/CLKOUT I/O Ports PORTB Threshold Voltage I/O Ports PORTB [7] RC option only (VDD = 15V)(4) HS, XT, and LP options (VDD = 15V) VOL PORTB Output High Voltage PORTA I/O ports(3) RC option only(4) HS, XT, and LP options IIL MCLR Output Low Voltage I/O Ports PORTA Conditions VLEV * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is based on characterization results at 25C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested. 2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltage. 3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin. 4: For the RC option, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16HV540 be driven with external clock in RC mode. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 63 PIC16HV540 10.3 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats: 1. TppS2ppS 2. TppS T F Frequency T Time Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings: pp 2 to mc MCLR ck CLKOUT osc oscillator cy cycle time os OSC1 drt device reset timer t0 T0CKI io I/O port wdt watchdog timer Uppercase letters and their meanings: S F Fall P Period H High R Rise I Invalid (Hi-impedance) V Valid L Low Z Hi-impedance FIGURE 10-1: LOAD CONDITIONS - PIC16HV540 CL = 50 pF Pin CL 15 pF for all pins except OSC2 for OSC2 in XT, HS or LP options when external clock is used to drive OSC1 VSS DS40197B-page 64 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 10.4 Timing Diagrams and Specifications FIGURE 10-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING - PIC16HV540 Q4 Q1 Q3 Q2 Q4 Q1 OSC1 1 3 3 4 4 2 CLKOUT TABLE 10-1: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16HV540 AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Parameter No. Sym. FOSC Characteristic External CLKIN Frequency(2) (2) Oscillator Frequency 1 TOSC External CLKIN Period (2) Oscillator Period(2) 2 TCY 3 TosL, TosH Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time TosR, TosF Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time 4 Instruction Cycle Time (3) Unit s Min. Typ.(1) Max. DC -- 4.0 MHz RC osc mode DC -- 2.0 MHz HS osc mode DC -- 4.0 MHz XT osc mode DC -- 200 kHz DC -- 4.0 MHz RC osc mode 0.1 -- 2.0 MHz HS osc mode 0.1 -- 4.0 MHz XT osc mode 5 -- 200 kHz LP osc mode 250 -- -- ns RC osc mode 250 -- -- ns HS osc mode 250 -- -- ns XT osc mode 5.0 -- -- s LP osc mode 250 -- -- ns RC osc mode 250 -- 10,000 ns HS osc mode 250 -- 10,000 ns XT osc mode 50 -- 200 s LP osc mode -- 4/FOSC -- -- 50* -- -- ns XT oscillator 20* -- -- ns HS oscillator 2.0* -- -- s LP oscillator -- -- 25* ns XT oscillator -- -- 25* ns HS oscillator -- -- 50* ns LP oscillator Conditions LP osc mode * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at VREG = 5V, VDD = 9V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. 2: All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. When an external clock input is used, the "max" cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices. 3: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 65 PIC16HV540 FIGURE 10-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING - PIC16HV540 Q1 Q4 Q2 Q3 OSC1 10 11 CLKOUT 13 14 19 12 18 I/O Pin (input) 15 17 I/O Pin (output) New Value Old Value 20, 21 Note: All tests must be done with specified capacitive loads of 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT. TABLE 10-2: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS - PIC16HV540 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) AC Characteristics Operating Temperature 0C TA +70C (commercial) -40C TA +85C (industrial) Parameter No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ(1) Max Units 10 TosH2ckL OSC1 to CLKOUT(2) -- 15 30** ns 11 TosH2ckH OSC1 to CLKOUT(2) -- 15 30** ns -- 5.0 15** ns -- 5.0 15** ns (2) 12 TckR CLKOUT rise time 13 TckF CLKOUT fall time(2) (2) 14 TckL2ioV CLKOUT to Port out valid -- -- 40** ns 17 TosH2ioV OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid(3) -- -- 100* ns 18 TosH2ioI OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid (I/O in hold time) TBD -- -- ns 19 TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1 (I/O in setup time) TBD -- -- ns 20 TioR Port output rise time(3) -- 10 25** ns -- 10 25** ns 21 TioF (3) Port output fall time ** These parameters are design targets and are not tested. No characterization data available at this time. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at VREG = 5V, VDD = 9V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. 2: Measurements are taken in RC Mode where CLKOUT output is 8 x TOSC. 3: See Figure 10-1 for loading conditions. DS40197B-page 66 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 FIGURE 10-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER TIMING - PIC16HV540 VDD MCLR 30 Internal POR 32 32 32 DRT Time-out Internal RESET Watchdog Timer RESET 31 34 34 I/O pin (Note 1) Note 1: I/O pins must be taken out of hi-impedance mode by enabling the output drivers in software. FIGURE 10-5: BROWN-OUT DETECT TIMING VREG 35 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 67 PIC16HV540 TABLE 10-3: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, AND DEVICE RESET TIMER - PIC16HV540 AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) 0C TA +70C (commercial) Operating Temperature -40C TA +85C (industrial) Parameter No. Sym 30 TmcL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 2 -- -- s VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V 31 Twdt Watchdog Timer Time-out Period 9.0* 18* 40* ms VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V 32 TDRT Device Reset Timer Period 9.0* 0.55* 18* 1.1* 30* 2.5* ms VDD = 15V, VREG = 5V, RC mode 34 TioZ I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR Low -- -- 100* ns -- Tpc Pin Change Pulse Width 2 -- -- s 35 TBOD Brown-out Detect Pulse Width -- 2 -- s Characteristic Typ.(1) Min. Max. Units Conditions VREG BVDD * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at VREG = 5V, VDD = 15V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. FIGURE 10-6: TIMER0 CLOCK TIMINGS - PIC16HV540 T0CKI 40 41 42 TABLE 10-4: TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS - PIC16HV540 AC Characteristics Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified) 0C TA +70C (commercial) Operating Temperature -40C TA +85C (industrial) Parameter No. Sym 40 Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width - No Prescaler 41 Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width - No Prescaler Min Typ(1) Max Units 0.5 TCY + 20* -- -- ns Characteristic - With Prescaler 10* -- -- ns 0.5 TCY + 20* -- -- ns 10* -- -- ns 20 or TCY + 40* N -- -- ns - With Prescaler 42 Tt0P T0CKI Period Conditions Whichever is greater. N = Prescale Value (1, 2, 4,..., 256) * These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 3.8V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. DS40197B-page 68 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 11.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS - PIC16HV540 The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables the data presented are outside specified operating range (e.g., outside specified VDD range). This is for information only and devices will operate properly only within the specified range. The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from different lots over a period of time. "Typical" represents the mean of the distribution while "max" or "min" represents (mean + 3) and (mean - 3) respectively, where is standard deviation. FIGURE 11-1: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE FIGURE 11-2: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. VDD (CEXT = 20pF) 6000.0 1.10 RE XT = 10k 1.06 5000.0 VDD = 6V 1.04 1.02 VDD = 15V Freq (kHz) (to 25C) Normalized Frequency 1.08 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 4000.0 R E XT = 24k 3000.0 2000.0 0.92 0.90 -40 0 25 Temp (C) 55 1000.0 85 RE XT = 100k RE XT = 390k 0.0 TABLE 11-1: RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCIES 3.5 Average FOSC, VIO = 5V REXT 25C, VDD = 6V 20 pF 100 pF 300 pF 25C, VDD = 15V 3.3k 4986.7 kHz (1) 5k 4233.3 kHz (1) 10k 2656.7 kHz 5150.0 kHz 24k 1223.3 kHz 3286.7 kHz 100k 325.7 kHz 955.7 kHz 390k 79.0 kHz 250.7 kHz 3.3k 1916.7 kHz (1) 5k 1593.3 kHz (1) 10k 995.7 kHz 2086.7 kHz 24k 448.3 kHz 1210.0 kHz 100k 116.0 kHz 355.7 kHz 390k 28.3 kHz 89.7 kHz 3.3k 744 kHz (1) 5k 620.3 kHz (1) 10k 382.0 kHz 817.3 kHz 24k 169.7 kHz 483.0 kHz 100k 44.1 kHz 135.7 kHz 390k 10.6 kHz 34.4 kHz 9 12 VDD (V) 15 FIGURE 11-3: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. VDD (CEXT = 100pF) 2500.0 RE XT = 10k 2000.0 Freq (kHz) CEXT 6 1500.0 R E XT = 24k 1000.0 500.0 RE XT = 100k RE XT = 390k 0.0 3.5 6 9 12 VDD (V) 15 Note 1: This combination of R, C and VDD draws too much current and prohibits oscillator operation. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 69 PIC16HV540 FIGURE 11-7: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG TIMER ENABLED (VIO = 5V) 8.0 900.0 800.0 700.0 600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 R E XT = 10k 6.0 R E XT = 24k 0oC 5.0 4.0 25oC 3.0 85oC 2.0 R E XT = 100k 6 9 R E XT = 300k 3.5 6 9 12 15 VDD (V) 12 15 VDD (V) FIGURE 11-8: MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG TIMER ENABLED (VIO = 5V) 9 FIGURE 11-5: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG TIMER DISABLED (VIO = 5V) -40 oC 8 85 oC o -40 C 85 oC 3.5 IPD (uA) 7 4.0 I PD (uA) -40oC 7.0 IPD (uA) Freq (kHz) FIGURE 11-4: TYPICAL RC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. VDD (CEXT = 300pF) 6 0 oC 25 oC 5 3.0 25 oC 2.5 4 0 oC 2.0 3 6 9 1.5 12 15 VDD (V) 1.0 6 9 12 VDD (V) 15 FIGURE 11-9: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG TIMER DISABLED (VIO = 3V) FIGURE 11-6: MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG TIMER DISABLED (VIO = 5V) 4.50 4.00 o -40 C 3.50 85oC 6 o -40 C 5 85 oC IPD (uA) 4.5 IPD (uA) 3.00 5.5 25oC 2.50 0oC 2.00 1.50 4 0 oC 1.00 3.5 25 oC 3 0.50 0.00 2.5 3.5 2 6 9 12 15 VDD (V) 1.5 1 6 9 12 15 VDD (V) DS40197B-page 70 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 FIGURE 11-10: MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG TIMER DISABLED (VIO = 3V) FIGURE 11-13: MAXIMUM IDD vs. FREQUENCY, WATCHDOG TIMER DISABLED, RC MODE (VDD = 15V, VIO = 5V, -40C TO +85C) 5 -40oC 4.5 1000 4 900 IPD (uA) 3.5 800 o 25 C 3 700 0oC 600 IDD (A) 2.5 2 85oC 500 400 300 1.5 200 1 3.5 6 9 12 15 100 VDD (V) 0 0.5 FIGURE 11-11: TYPICAL IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG TIMER ENABLED (VIO = 3V) 4.50 IPD (uA) 4.00 -40oC 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Frequency (MHz) FIGURE 11-14: MAXIMUM IDD vs. FREQUENCY, WATCHDOG TIMER ENABLED, RC MODE (VDD = 15V, VIO = 5V) 3.50 1000 3.00 900 800 2.50 700 o 0C 2.00 IDD (A) 600 25oC 1.50 o 85 C 1.00 3.5 6 9 12 500 400 300 15 200 VDD (V) 100 0 IPD (uA) FIGURE 11-12: MAXIMUM IPD vs. VDD, WATCHDOG TIMER ENABLED (VIO = 3V) 6.00 6.000 5.50 5.500 5.00 5.000 4.50 4.500 4.00 4.000 3.50 3.500 3.00 3.000 2.50 2.500 2.00 2.000 1.50 1.500 1.00 1.000 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Frequency (MHz) -40oC 0 oC 25 oC 85oC 3.5 6 9 12 15 VDD (V) 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 71 PIC16HV540 FIGURE 11-15: IOH vs. VOH ON PORTA, VDD = 15V (VIO = 5V) 0 mi n8 5 C typi cal 25 C IOH (mA) -4 -6 -8 max -40 C -2 -10 -12 0 Note: 1 2 3 4 VOH (V) 5 6 7 Current being applied is being applied simultaneously to all 4 PORTA pins. FIGURE 11-16: IOH vs. VOH ON PORTA, VDD = 5V (VIO = 5V) 0 -2 al 2 5C -6 typi c -8 -10 max -40 C mi n8 5C IOH (mA) -4 -12 0 Note: 1 2 3 4 VOH (V) 5 6 Current being applied is being applied simultaneously to all 4 PORTA pins. DS40197B-page 72 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 12.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 12.1 18-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (P) - 300 mil (PDIP) E1 D 2 n 1 E A2 A L c A1 B1 p B eB Units Dimension Limits n p MIN INCHES* NOM 18 .100 .155 .130 MAX MILLIMETERS NOM 18 2.54 3.56 3.94 2.92 3.30 0.38 7.62 7.94 6.10 6.35 22.61 22.80 3.18 3.30 0.20 0.29 1.14 1.46 0.36 0.46 7.87 9.40 5 10 5 10 MIN Number of Pins Pitch Top to Seating Plane A .140 .170 Molded Package Thickness A2 .115 .145 Base to Seating Plane A1 .015 Shoulder to Shoulder Width E .300 .313 .325 Molded Package Width E1 .240 .250 .260 Overall Length D .890 .898 .905 Tip to Seating Plane L .125 .130 .135 c Lead Thickness .008 .012 .015 Upper Lead Width B1 .045 .058 .070 Lower Lead Width B .014 .018 .022 Overall Row Spacing eB .310 .370 .430 5 10 15 Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom 5 10 15 * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MS-001 Drawing No. C04-007 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary MAX 4.32 3.68 8.26 6.60 22.99 3.43 0.38 1.78 0.56 10.92 15 15 DS40197B-page 73 PIC16HV540 12.2 18-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SO) - Wide, 300 mil (SOIC) E p E1 D 2 B n 1 h 45 c A2 A L Units Dimension Limits n p Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Overall Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Chamfer Distance Foot Length Foot Angle Lead Thickness Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom A A2 A1 E E1 D h L c B MIN .093 .088 .004 .394 .291 .446 .010 .016 0 .009 .014 0 0 A1 INCHES* NOM 18 .050 .099 .091 .008 .407 .295 .454 .020 .033 4 .011 .017 12 12 MAX .104 .094 .012 .420 .299 .462 .029 .050 8 .012 .020 15 15 MILLIMETERS NOM 18 1.27 2.36 2.50 2.24 2.31 0.10 0.20 10.01 10.34 7.39 7.49 11.33 11.53 0.25 0.50 0.41 0.84 0 4 0.23 0.27 0.36 0.42 0 12 0 12 MIN MAX 2.64 2.39 0.30 10.67 7.59 11.73 0.74 1.27 8 0.30 0.51 15 15 * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MS-013 Drawing No. C04-051 DS40197B-page 74 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 12.3 18-Lead Ceramic Dual In-line with Window (JW) - 300 mil (CERDIP) E1 D W2 2 n 1 W1 E A2 A c L A1 eB B1 p B Units Dimension Limits n p Number of Pins Pitch Top to Seating Plane Ceramic Package Height Standoff Shoulder to Shoulder Width Ceramic Pkg. Width Overall Length Tip to Seating Plane Lead Thickness Upper Lead Width Lower Lead Width Overall Row Spacing Window Width Window Length * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic JEDEC Equivalent: MO-036 Drawing No. C04-010 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. A A2 A1 E E1 D L c B1 B eB W1 W2 MIN .170 .155 .015 .300 .285 .880 .125 .008 .050 .016 .345 .130 .190 INCHES* NOM 18 .100 .183 .160 .023 .313 .290 .900 .138 .010 .055 .019 .385 .140 .200 Preliminary MAX .195 .165 .030 .325 .295 .920 .150 .012 .060 .021 .425 .150 .210 MILLIMETERS NOM 18 2.54 4.32 4.64 3.94 4.06 0.38 0.57 7.62 7.94 7.24 7.37 22.35 22.86 3.18 3.49 0.20 0.25 1.27 1.40 0.41 0.47 8.76 9.78 3.30 3.56 4.83 5.08 MIN MAX 4.95 4.19 0.76 8.26 7.49 23.37 3.81 0.30 1.52 0.53 10.80 3.81 5.33 DS40197B-page 75 PIC16HV540 12.4 20-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outline (SS) - 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP) E E1 p D B 2 1 n c A2 A L A1 Units Dimension Limits n p Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Overall Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Foot Length Lead Thickness Foot Angle Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom A A2 A1 E E1 D L c B MIN .068 .064 .002 .299 .201 .278 .022 .004 0 .010 0 0 INCHES* NOM 20 .026 .073 .068 .006 .309 .207 .284 .030 .007 4 .013 5 5 MAX .078 .072 .010 .322 .212 .289 .037 .010 8 .015 10 10 MILLIMETERS NOM 20 0.65 1.73 1.85 1.63 1.73 0.05 0.15 7.59 7.85 5.11 5.25 7.06 7.20 0.56 0.75 0.10 0.18 0.00 101.60 0.25 0.32 0 5 0 5 MIN MAX 1.98 1.83 0.25 8.18 5.38 7.34 0.94 0.25 203.20 0.38 10 10 * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MO-150 Drawing No. C04-072 DS40197B-page 76 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 12.5 Package Marking Information 18-Lead PDIP Example PIC16HV540 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 9923NNN XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN 18-Lead SOIC Example XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX PIC16HV540 XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN 9923NNN 18-Lead CERDIP Windowed Example PIC16HV5 XXXXXXXX 9923NNN XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX YYWWNNN 20-Lead SSOP Example PIC16HV540 XXXXXXXXXXXX 9923NNN XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN Legend: MM...M XX...X YY WW NNN Note: * Microchip part number information Customer specific information* Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information. Standard OTP marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, facility code, mask rev#, and assembly code. For OTP marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 77 PIC16HV540 NOTES: DS40197B-page 78 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 INDEX A Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................... 61 ALU ............................................................................ 7 Applications ................................................................. 3 Architectural Overview .................................................. 7 Assembler MPASM Assembler ............................................. 55 B Block Diagram On-Chip Reset Circuit .......................................... 35 PIC16C5X Series .................................................. 8 Timer0 ............................................................... 25 TMR0/WDT Prescaler ......................................... 29 Watchdog Timer ................................................. 40 Brown-out Detect ....................................................... 31 C Carry bit ...................................................................... 7 Clocking Scheme ....................................................... 10 Code Protection ................................................... 31, 42 Configuration Bits ....................................................... 31 Configuration Word .................................................... 31 PIC16CR54C ..................................................... 31 D DC and AC Characteristics - PIC16CR54C ................... 69 DC Characteristics ..................................................... 62 Development Support ................................................. 55 Device Varieties ........................................................... 5 Digit Carry bit ............................................................... 7 E Electrical Characteristics PIC16CR54C ..................................................... 61 Enhanced Watchdog Timer (WDT) ............................... 31 Errata ......................................................................... 2 External Power-On Reset Circuit .................................. 36 F Family of Devices PIC16C5X ............................................................ 4 Features ..................................................................... 1 FSR ......................................................................... 35 FSR Register ............................................................. 17 I I/O Interfacing ............................................................ 19 I/O Ports ................................................................... 19 I/O Programming Considerations ................................. 22 INDF ........................................................................ 35 INDF Register ............................................................ 17 Indirect Data Addressing ............................................. 17 Instruction Cycle ........................................................ 10 Instruction Flow/Pipelining ........................................... 10 Instruction Set Summary ............................................. 43 K KeeLoq Evaluation and Programming Tools ............... 58 L Load Conditions ......................................................... 64 Loading of PC ............................................................ 16 M MCLR ................................................................................. 35 Memory Map ............................................................. 11 PIC16C54s/CR54s/C55s ..................................... 11 Memory Organization ................................................. 11 Data Memory ..................................................... 11 Program Memory ................................................ 11 MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software .. 55 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. O One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices ........................ 5 OPTION Register ....................................................... 14 OSC selection ............................................................ 31 Oscillator Configurations ............................................. 32 Oscillator Types HS .................................................................... 32 LP ..................................................................... 32 RC .................................................................... 32 XT ..................................................................... 32 P Package Marking Information ...................................... 77 Packaging Information ................................................ 73 PC ......................................................................16, 35 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PICmicro Demo Board ................. 57 PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demo Board ............... 57 PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX Demo Board ............. 57 PICSTART Plus Entry Level Development System ...... 57 pin diagrams ................................................................ 1 POR Device Reset Timer (DRT) .............................31, 38 PD .......................................................................34, 41 Power-On Reset (POR) .......................... 31, 35, 36 TO .......................................................................34, 41 PORTA ...............................................................19, 35 PORTB ...............................................................19, 35 Power-Down Mode ..................................................... 41 Prescaler ................................................................... 28 PRO MATE II Universal Programmer ......................... 57 Program Counter ....................................................... 16 Q Q cycles .................................................................... 10 Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP) Devices .................. 5 R RC Oscillator ............................................................. 33 Read-Modify-Write ..................................................... 22 Register File Map ....................................................... 11 Registers Special Function ................................................. 11 Reset ..................................................................31, 34 S SEEVAL Evaluation and Programming System ........... 58 Serialized Quick-Turnaround-Production (SQTP) Devices . 5 SLEEP ................................................................31, 41 Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM) ................................ 56 Special Features of the CPU ....................................... 31 Special Function Registers .......................................... 11 Stack ........................................................................ 16 STATUS ................................................................... 35 STATUS Register ...................................................7, 13 T Timer0 Switching Prescaler Assignment ........................... 28 Timer0 (TMR0) Module ........................................ 25 TMR0 with External Clock .................................... 27 Timing Diagrams and Specifications ............................. 65 Timing Parameter Symbology and Load Conditions ........ 64 TRIS Registers .......................................................... 19 U UV Erasable Devices .................................................... 5 W W ............................................................................. 35 Wake-up from SLEEP ................................................. 41 Wake-up from SLEEP on Pin Change ........................... 31 Watchdog Timer (WDT) .............................................. 39 Preliminary DS40197B-page 79 PIC16HV540 Period ................................................................ 39 Programming Considerations ............................... 39 WWW, On-Line Support ................................................ 2 Z Zero bit ....................................................................... 7 DS40197B-page 80 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 ON-LINE SUPPORT Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip World Wide Web (WWW) site. The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides system users a listing of the latest versions of all of Microchip's development systems software products. Plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive any currently available upgrade kits.The Hot Line Numbers are: The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. To view the site, the user must have access to the Internet and a web browser, such as Netscape or Microsoft Explorer. Files are also available for FTP download from our FTP site. 1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and 1-480-786-7302 for the rest of the world. Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site 991103 The Microchip web site is available by using your favorite Internet browser to attach to: www.microchip.com The file transfer site is available by using an FTP service to connect to: ftp://ftp.microchip.com The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of services. Users may download files for the latest Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes, User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business information is also available, including listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives. Other data available for consideration is: * Latest Microchip Press Releases * Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked Questions * Design Tips * Device Errata * Job Postings * Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing * Links to other useful web sites related to Microchip Products * Conferences for products, Development Systems, technical information and more * Listing of seminars and events 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Trademarks: The Microchip name, logo, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PICMASTER, PRO MATE and MPLAB are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FlexROM and fuzzyLAB are trademarks and SQTP is a service mark of Microchip in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies. Preliminary DS40197B-page 81 PIC16HV540 READER RESPONSE It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 786-7578. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this Data Sheet. To: Technical Publications Manager RE: Reader Response Total Pages Sent From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ FAX: (______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Device: PIC16HV540 Y N Literature Number: DS40197B Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? 2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs? 3. Do you find the organization of this data sheet easy to follow? If not, why? 4. What additions to the data sheet do you think would enhance the structure and subject? 5. What deletions from the data sheet could be made without affecting the overall usefulness? 6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)? 7. How would you improve this document? 8. How would you improve our software, systems, and silicon products? DS40197B-page 82 Preliminary 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16HV540 PIC16HV540 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PIC16HV540 -XX X /XX XXX Pattern: QTP,SQTP, Code or Special Requirements JW SO P SS Package: Temperature Range: Windowed CERDIP SOIC PDIP SSOP - = -0C to +70C I = -40C to +85C Frequency 04 = 200 kHz (PICHV540-04) 04 = 4 MHz 20 = 20 MHz Range Device: = = = = PIC16HV540 PIC16HV540T :VDD range 3.5V to 15V :VDD range 3.5V to 15V (Tape/Reel) Sales and Support Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 786-7277. 3. The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. 2000 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40197B-page 83 Note the following details of the code protection feature on PICmicro(R) MCUs. * * * * * * The PICmicro family meets the specifications contained in the Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of PICmicro microcontrollers is one of the most secure products of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the PICmicro microcontroller in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in the data sheet. The person doing so may be engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable". Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our product. If you have any further questions about this matter, please contact the local sales office nearest to you. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, FilterLab, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER, PICSTART, PRO MATE, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. dsPIC, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, MXDEV, PICC, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, rfPIC, Select Mode and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2002, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received QS-9000 quality system certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its PICmicro(R) 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs and microperipheral products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001 certified. 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. 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Albright Road Kokomo, Indiana 46902 Tel: 765-864-8360 Fax: 765-864-8387 Los Angeles 18201 Von Karman, Suite 1090 Irvine, CA 92612 Tel: 949-263-1888 Fax: 949-263-1338 China - Chengdu Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Chengdu Liaison Office Rm. 2401, 24th Floor, Ming Xing Financial Tower No. 88 TIDU Street Chengdu 610016, China Tel: 86-28-6766200 Fax: 86-28-6766599 China - Fuzhou Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Fuzhou Liaison Office Unit 28F, World Trade Plaza No. 71 Wusi Road Fuzhou 350001, China Tel: 86-591-7503506 Fax: 86-591-7503521 China - Shanghai Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Room 701, Bldg. B Far East International Plaza No. 317 Xian Xia Road Shanghai, 200051 Tel: 86-21-6275-5700 Fax: 86-21-6275-5060 China - Shenzhen 150 Motor Parkway, Suite 202 Hauppauge, NY 11788 Tel: 631-273-5305 Fax: 631-273-5335 Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Liaison Office Rm. 1315, 13/F, Shenzhen Kerry Centre, Renminnan Lu Shenzhen 518001, China Tel: 86-755-2350361 Fax: 86-755-2366086 San Jose Hong Kong Microchip Technology Inc. 2107 North First Street, Suite 590 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: 408-436-7950 Fax: 408-436-7955 Microchip Technology Hongkong Ltd. Unit 901-6, Tower 2, Metroplaza 223 Hing Fong Road Kwai Fong, N.T., Hong Kong Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 New York Toronto 6285 Northam Drive, Suite 108 Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1X5, Canada Tel: 905-673-0699 Fax: 905-673-6509 India Microchip Technology Inc. India Liaison Office Divyasree Chambers 1 Floor, Wing A (A3/A4) No. 11, O'Shaugnessey Road Bangalore, 560 025, India Tel: 91-80-2290061 Fax: 91-80-2290062 Korea Microchip Technology Korea 168-1, Youngbo Bldg. 3 Floor Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku Seoul, Korea 135-882 Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5934 Singapore Microchip Technology Singapore Pte Ltd. 200 Middle Road #07-02 Prime Centre Singapore, 188980 Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850 Taiwan Microchip Technology Taiwan 11F-3, No. 207 Tung Hua North Road Taipei, 105, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2717-7175 Fax: 886-2-2545-0139 EUROPE Denmark Microchip Technology Nordic ApS Regus Business Centre Lautrup hoj 1-3 Ballerup DK-2750 Denmark Tel: 45 4420 9895 Fax: 45 4420 9910 France Microchip Technology SARL Parc d'Activite du Moulin de Massy 43 Rue du Saule Trapu Batiment A - ler Etage 91300 Massy, France Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 Germany Microchip Technology GmbH Gustav-Heinemann Ring 125 D-81739 Munich, Germany Tel: 49-89-627-144 0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44 Italy Microchip Technology SRL Centro Direzionale Colleoni Palazzo Taurus 1 V. Le Colleoni 1 20041 Agrate Brianza Milan, Italy Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883 United Kingdom Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd. 505 Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 5TU Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820 03/01/02 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.