ZXSC310 LED DRIVER SOLUTION FOR LCD BACKLIGHTING DEVICE DESCRIPTION The ZXSC310 is a PFM DC-DC controller IC that drives an external Zetex switching transistor with a very low saturation resistance. These transistors are the best switching devices available for this type of conversion enabling high efficiency conversion with low input voltages. The drive output of the ZXSC310 LED driver generates a dynamic drive signal for the switching transistor. The ZXSC310 is a single or multi cell LED driver designed for LCD backlighting applications. The input voltage range of the device is between 0.8V and 8V. This means the ZXSC310 is compatible with single NiMH, NiCd or Alkaline cells, as well as multi-cell or LiIon batteries. The device features a shutdown control, resulting in a standby current less than 5A, and an output capable of driving serial or parallel LED's. The circuit generates constant power output, which are ideal for driving single or multiple LED's over a wide range of operating voltages. These features make the device ideal for driving LED's particularly in LCD backlight applications for Digital Still cameras and PDA's. The circuit can start up under full load and operates down to an input voltage of 0.8 volts. The solution configuration ensures optimum efficiency over a wider range of load currents; several circuit configurations are possible depending on battery life versus brightness considerations. The ZXSC310 is offered in the SOT23-5 package which, when combined with a SOT23 switching transistor, generates a high efficiency small size circuit solution. The IC and discrete combination offers the ultimate cost Vs performance solution for LED backlight applications. FEATURES * 94% efficiency * Minimum operating input voltage 0.8V * Maximum operating input voltage 8V * Standby current less than 5A * Programmable output current * Series or parallel LED configuration * Low saturation voltage switching transistor TYPICAL APPLICATIONS CIRCUIT * SOT23-5 package APPLICATIONS * LCD backlights: Digital still camera PDA Mobile phone VIN = 3.3V / 5V V CC VDRIVE STDN I SENSE * LED flashlights and torches * White LED driving Gnd * Multiple LED driving ORDERING INFORMATION DEVICE REEL SIZE ZXSC310E5TA 180mm TAPE WIDTH QUANTITY PER REEL 8mm 3000 DEVICE MARKINGS * C310 Package SOT23-5 ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 1 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXSC310 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS: Supply Voltage -0.3 to 10V Maximum Voltage other pins -0.3 to VCC+0.3V Power Dissipation 450mW Operating Temperature -40 to 85 C Storage Temperature -55 to 150C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Test conditions unless otherwise stated: VCC=1.5V, TAMB=25 C Symbol Parameter Efficiency (1) V CC Recommended supply voltage range V CC(min) Minimum startup and operating voltage Quiescent current (2) IQ Conditions Min Typ 0.8 I DRIVE =-600A , V DRIVE =0.7V 0.8 I DRIVE =-600A, V DRIVE =0.7V, T AMB =-10C (3) 0.9 V EN = V CC (enabled) 0.2 V EN = 0V (standby) 5 Max Units 94 % 8 V 0.92 V mA 10 A I VDRIVE Base drive current V DRIVE = 0.7V, V ISENSE = 0V 1.5 3.5 mA I CC Supply current (3) V DRIVE = 0.7V, V ISENSE = 0V 2 4 mA V VDRIVE(high) High level drive voltage V ISENSE = 0V, I VDRIVE =-0.5mA V CC V CC V V ISENSE = 50mV, I VDRIVE = 5mA -0.3 0 0.2 V V VDRIVE(low) Low level drive voltage V STDN(high) Device enabled V STDN(low) Device in standby mode I STDN Enable input current -1 V ISENSE Output current reference voltage 14 0.7 V 19 0.15 V 1 A 24 mV (threshold) T CVISENSE I SENSE voltage temp co. (2) I ISENSE I SENSE input current T DRV Discharge Pulse Width 0.4 V ISENSE = 0V %/C 0 -30 -65 A 1.2 1.7 3.2 s Min Typ Max Units 200 kHz OPERATING CONDITIONS Symbol Parameter F OSC Recommended operating frequency (4) Conditions (1) Application dependent, see reference designs (2) These parameters guaranteed by Design and characteristics (3) Total supply current =IQ + IVDRIVE, see typical characteristics (4) Operating frequency is application circuit dependent. See applications section. ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 SEMICONDUCTORS 2 ZXSC310 FMMT618 The following indicates outline data for the device, m ore detailed i nform a tion can be found at www.zetex.com/fmmt618 For the circuits described in the applications section Zetex FMMT618 is the recommended pass transistor. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Test conditions unless otherwise stated: TAMB=25 C Symbol Parameter Conditions V CE(sat) Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage 5 I C =0.1A, I B =10mA Min I C =1A, I B =10mA I C =2.5A, I B =50mA V (BR)CEO 5 Collector-Emitter Breakdown Voltage 5 I C =10mA 20 Typ Max Units 8 15 mV 70 150 130 200 27 V Measured under pulse conditions. Pulse width=300s. Duty cycle 2% ZHCS1000 The following indicates outline data for the ZHCS, more detailed i nform a tion can be found at www.zetex.com/zhcs1000 For the maximum brightness circuit described in the applications section Zetex ZHCS1000 is the recommended Schottky diode. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Test conditions unless otherwise stated: TAMB=25 C Symbol Parameter Conditions Max Units VF Forward voltage I F = 500mA 400 mV I F = 1A 500 t rr Reverse Recovery Time Min Typ 12 Switched from I F =500mA to I R =500mA. ns Measured at I R =50mA Reverse Current IR Part V R = 30V V F at 50 VR IF I FSM I R at Capacitance Max. Max. Max. Max. IF Max. VR Typ. V mA A mV mA A V pF 100 A Package at V R = 25V, f = 1MHz Number SOT23 BAT54 30 200 0.6 500 30 250 25 10 SOT23-6 ZHCS2000 40 2000 20 500 2000 1000 30 60 SOT23 ZHCS1000 40 1000 12 500 1000 100 30 25 SOT23 ZHCS750 40 750 12 540 750 100 30 25 SOT23 ZHCS500 40 500 6.75 550 500 40 30 20 SOT23 ZHCS400 40 400 6.75 500 400 40 30 20 SOT323 ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 3 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXSC310 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 SEMICONDUCTORS 4 ZXSC310 DEVICE DESCRIPTION With every on pulse the switching transistor is kept on until the voltage across the current-sense resistor exceeds the threshold of the ISENSE input. The on-pulse length, and therefore the switching frequency, is determined by the programmed peak current, the input voltage and the input to output voltage differential. See applications section for details. The ZXSC310 is PFM, controller IC which, when combined with a high performance external transistor, enables the production of a high efficiency boost converter for LED driving applications. A block diagram is shown for the ZXSC310 below. The on chip comparator forces the driver circuit and therefore the external switching transistor off if the voltage at ISENSE exceeds 19mV. An internal reference circuit and divider set this threshold. The driver circuit supplies the external switching transistor with a fixed drive current. To maximise efficiency the external transistor switched quickly, typically being forced off within 30ns. The voltage at ISENSE is taken from a current sense resistor connected in series with the emitter of the switching transistor. A monostable following the output of the comparator forces the turn-off time of the output stage to be typically 1.7us. This ensures that there is sufficient time to discharge the inductor coil before the next on period. VCC STDN I 2 Drive R1 VRE I R2 VDRIVE ISENSE GND ZXSC310 Block Diagram ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 5 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXSC310 REFERENCE DESIGNS Three typical LED driving applications are shown. Firstly a typical LCD backlight circuit, then maximum brightness LED driving solution and lastly an optimised battery life LED driving solution. LCD backlight circuit VIN = 3.3V / 5V V CC VDRIVE STDN I SENSE (Notes) Gnd This application shows the ZXSC310 in a typical LCD backlight application for Digital Still Cameras and PDA's. The input voltage for these backlight circuits are usually fixed from the main system power, typically 3.3V or 5V. The LED's are connected serially so that the light is distributed uniformly in each LED. The current provided to the LED's can either be pulsed or DC. The DC current is programmable via a sense resistor, RSENSE, and is set to an optimum LED current of 20mA for the reference designs. DC current is achieved by adding a Schottky rectifying diode and an output capacitor, as shown in the reference design below. Materials list Ref Value Part Number Manufacture Comments U1 N/A ZXSC310E5 Zetex Semiconductors Single cell converter, SOT23-5 Q1 N/A FMMT618 Zetex Semiconductors Low V CE(sat) NPN, SOT23 D1 N/A ZHCS1000 Zetex Semiconductors 1A Schottky diode, SOT23 C1 2.2F Generic Various 0805 Size (6) 150m Generic Various 1206 Size R1 (7) 250m Generic Various L1 (8) 68H R1 1206 Size Surface mount inductor (6) Used for 3.3V input, ILED set to 20mA 10%. Used for 5V input, ILED to 20mA 10%. (8) See Application section. (7) ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 SEMICONDUCTORS 6 ZXSC310 (Notes) Maximum brightness solution L1 VBATT U1 VCC V DRIVE STDN I SENSE D1 Q1 ZHCS1000 FMMT617 D2 C1 G ND ZXSC310 R1 This circuit provides a continuous current output to the LED by rectifying and buffering the DC-DC output. This ensures maximum LED brightness. Materials list (8) Ref Value Part Number Manufacturer Comments U1 N/A Q1 N/A ZXSC310E5 Zetex Plc Single cell converter, SOT23-5 FMMT617 Zetex Plc D1 1A ZHCS1000 Zetex Plc R1 100m Generic Various 0805 Size C1 2.2F Generic Various Low ESR ceramic capacitor L1 100H (8) Low VCE(sat) NPN, SOT23 1A Shottky diode, SOT23 Surface mount inductor See Application section. ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 7 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXSC310 (Notes) Maximum battery life solution To ensure optimum efficiency, and therefore maximum battery life, the LED is supplied with a pulsed current. Maximum efficiency is ensured with the removal of rectifier losses experienced in the maximum brightness solution. Materials list Ref Value Part Number Manufacturer Comments U1 N/A ZXSC310E5 Zetex Semiconductors Single cell converter, SOT23-5 Q1 N/A FMMT617 Zetex Semiconductors Low V CE(sat) NPN, SOT23 R1 330m Generic Various 0805 Size L1 (8) 100H (8) Surface mount inductor See Application section. ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 SEMICONDUCTORS 8 ZXSC310 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Schottky diode selection The following section is a design guide for optimum converter performance. For the maximum battery life solution a Schottky rectifier diode is not required. As with the switching transistor the Schottky rectifier diode has a major impact on the converter efficiency. A Schottky diode with a low forward voltage and fast recovery time should be used for this application. Switching transistor selection The choice of switching transistor has a major impact on the converter efficiency. For optimum performance, a bipolar transistor with low VCE(SAT) and high gain is required. The diode should be selected so that the maximum forward current is greater or equal to the maximum peak current in the inductor, and the maximum reverse voltage is greater or equal to the output voltage. The Zetex FMMT618 is an ideal choice of transistor, having a low saturation voltage. A data sheet for the FMMT618 is available on Zetex web site or through your local Zetex sales office. Outline information is included in the characteristics section of this data sheet. The Zetex ZHCS1000 meets these needs. Datasheets for the ZHCS Series are available on Zetex web site or through your local Zetex sales office. Outline information is included in the characteristics section of this data sheet. For the maximum brightness solution a pulsed current is supplied to the LED and thus a Schottky rectifier diode is required. 0.4 0. 3 Inductor selection 0.2 The inductor value must be chosen to satisfy performance, cost and size requirements of the overall solution. For the LCD backlight reference design we recommend an inductor value of 68uH with a core saturation current rating greater than the converter peak current value and low series resistance. 0. 1 0.0 Inductor selection has a significant impact on the converter performance. For applications where efficiency is critical, an inductor with a series resistance of 500m or less should be used. A list of recommended inductors is shown in the table below: Part No. Manufacture L I PK R DC 68H 0.4A 0.86 Sumida 68H 0.61A 0.46 Pulse 68H 0.4A 0.37 Samwha 68H 0.61A 0.46 Delta 68H 0.4 1.125 DO1608C-683 Coilcraft CR54-680 P1174.683 SFOP5845-R61680 SIS43-680 ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 9 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXSC310 Peak current definition Once I PK is decided the value of R SENSE can be determined by: The peak current rating is a design parameter whose value is dependent upon the overall application. For the high brightness reference designs, a peak current of 190mA was chosen to ensure that the converter could provide the required output power to the LED. RSENSE = In general, the IPK value must be chosen to ensure that the switching transistor, Q1, is in full saturation with maximum output power conditions, assuming worse-case input voltage and transistor gain under all operating temperature extremes. VISENSE IPK A selection guide of sense resistor and inductor values for given input voltages, output currents and number of LED connected in series is provided in the table below. R SENSE Inductor Efficiency (m ) ( H) (%) 3 510 68 80 4 330 68 81 10 6 150 68 79 3.3V 20 3 220 68 84 3.3V 20 4 150 68 93 3.3V 20 6 77 68 79 3.3V 30 3 170 68 84 3.3V 30 4 100 68 84 3.3V 30 6 47 68 77 5V 10 3 750 68 83 5V 10 4 510 68 84 5V 10 6 330 68 79 5V 20 3 440 68 85 5V 20 4 250 68 85 5V 20 6 150 68 82 5V 30 3 330 68 86 5V 30 4 170 68 85 5V 30 6 100 68 83 Input Voltage LED current (V) (mA) 3.3V 10 3.3V 10 3.3V No. of LED's ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 SEMICONDUCTORS 10 ZXSC310 Output Power Calculation Capacitor selection By making the above assumptions for inductance and peak current the output power can be determined by: POUT = (VOUT - VIN) x IAV x For pulsed operation, as in the maximum battery life solution, no capacitors are required at the output to the LED. For rectified operation, as in the maximum brightness solution, a small value ceramic capacitor is required, typically 2.2uF. TOFF TON + TOFF Generally an input capacitor is not required, but a small ceramic capacitor may be added to aid EMC, typically 470nF to 1uF. Note:VOUT=output voltage + Schottky rectifier voltage drop. (notes) Where TOFF 1.7us (internally set by ZXSC310) and TON = TOFF(VOUT - VIN) VIN and IAV = IPK + IMIN 2 Where IMIN = IPK - (VOUT - VIN) x TOFF L Operating frequency can be derived by: F= 1 (TON + TOFF) ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 11 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXSC310 Shutdown Control Demonstration board The ZXSC310 offers a shutdown mode that produces a standby current of less than 5uA when in operation. When the voltage at the STDN pin is 0.7V or higher the ZXSC310 is enabled, hence the driver is in normal operation. When the voltage at the STDN pin is 0.1V or lower the ZXSC310 is disabled, hence the driver is in shutdown mode. If the STDN pin is open circuit the ZXSC310 is also enabled. A demonstration board for the LCD backlighting solution, is available upon request. These can be obtained through your local Zetex office or through Zetex web pages. For all reference designs Gerber files and bill of materials can be supplied. Layout of LCD backlighting solution Top Silk Drill File Top Copper Bottom Copper ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 SEMICONDUCTORS 12 ZXSC310 PINOUT DIAGRAM VCC 1 5 VDRIVE Gnd 2 4 ISENSE STDN 3 Top View PIN DESCRIPTIONS Pin No. Name Description Supply voltage, generally Alkaline, NiMH or NiCd single cell 1 V CC 2 G nd Ground 3 S TDN Shutdown 4 I SENSE Inductor current sense input. Internal threshold voltage set to 19mV. Connect external sense resistor 5 V DRIVE Drive output for external switching transistor. Connect to base of external switching transistor. ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 13 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXSC310 (NOTES) ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 SEMICONDUCTORS 14 ZXSC310 Definitions Product change Zetex Semiconductors reserves the right to alter, without notice, specifications, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service. Customers are solely responsible for obtaining the latest relevant information before placing orders. Applications disclaimer The circuits in this design/application note are offered as design ideas. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the circuit is fit for the user's application and meets with the user's requirements. No representation or warranty is given and no liability whatsoever is assumed by Zetex with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Zetex does not assume any legal responsibility or will not be held legally liable (whether in contract, tort (including negligence), breach of statutory duty, restriction or otherwise) for any damages, loss of profit, business, contract, opportunity or consequential loss in the use of these circuit applications, under any circumstances. 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To ensure quality of service and products we strongly advise the purchase of parts directly from Zetex Semiconductors or one of our regionally authorized distributors. For a complete listing of authorized distributors please visit: www.zetex.com/salesnetwork Zetex Semiconductors does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any parts purchased through unauthorized sales channels. ESD (Electrostatic discharge) Semiconductor devices are susceptible to damage by ESD. Suitable precautions should be taken when handling and transporting devices. The possible damage to devices depends on the circumstances of the handling and transporting, and the nature of the device. The extent of damage can vary from immediate functional or parametric malfunction to degradation of function or performance in use over time. Devices suspected of being affected should be replaced. 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Samples may be available "Active"Product status recommended for new designs "Last time buy (LTB)"Device will be discontinued and last time buy period and delivery is in effect "Not recommended for new designs"Device is still in production to support existing designs and production "Obsolete"Production has been discontinued Datasheet status key: "Draft version"This term denotes a very early datasheet version and contains highly provisional information, which may change in any manner without notice. "Provisional version"This term denotes a pre-release datasheet. It provides a clear indication of anticipated performance. However, changes to the test conditions and specifications may occur, at any time and without notice. "Issue"This term denotes an issued datasheet containing finalized specifications. However, changes to specifications may occur, at any time and without notice. ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 15 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXSC310 SOT23-5 PACKAGE OUTLINE SOT23-5 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS DIM Millimeters Inches MIN MAX MIN MAX A 0.90 1.45 0.035 0.057 A1 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.006 A2 0.90 1.3 0.035 0.051 b 0.35 0.50 0.014 0.020 C 0.09 0.20 0.0035 0.008 D 2.80 3.00 0.110 0.118 E 2.60 3.00 0.102 0.118 E1 1.50 1.75 0.059 0.069 e 0.95 REF 0.037 REF e1 1.90 REF 0.075 REF L 0.10 0.60 0.004 0.024 a 0 10 0 10 (c) Zetex Semiconductors plc 2007 Europe Americas Asia Pacific Corporate Headquarters Zetex GmbH Kustermannpark Balanstrae 59 D-81541 Munchen Germany Telefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0 Fax: (49) 89 45 49 49 49 europe.sales@zetex.com Zetex Inc 700 Veterans Memorial Hwy Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA Zetex (Asia) Ltd 3701-04 Metroplaza Tower 1 Hing Fong Road, Kwai Fong Hong Kong Zetex Semiconductors plc Zetex Technology Park Chadderton, Oldham, OL9 9LL United Kingdom Telephone: (1) 631 360 2222 Fax: (1) 631 360 8222 usa.sales@zetex.com Telephone: (852) 26100 611 Fax: (852) 24250 494 asia.sales@zetex.com Telephone (44) 161 622 4444 Fax: (44) 161 622 4446 hq@zetex.com ISSUE 3 - SEPTEMBER 2007 SEMICONDUCTORS 16 SCZXSC310DS1