2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F
PIC18F97J60 Family
Data Sheet
64/80/100-Pin, High-Performance,
1-Mbit Flash Microcontrollers
with Ethernet
DS39762F-page 2 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is provided only for your convenience
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
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Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC,
KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART,
PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of
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Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard,
dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified
logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code
Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance,
TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
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SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
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All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2011, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
ISBN: 978-1-61341-069-1
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microch ip devices:
• Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
• Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperiph erals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 3
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
Ethernet Features:
• IEEE 802.3™ Compatible Ethernet Controller
• Fully Compatible with 10/100/1000Base-T Networks
• Integrated MAC and 10Base-T PHY
• 8-Kbyte Transmit/Receive Packet Buffer SRAM
• Supports One 10Base-T Port
• Programmable Automatic Retransmit on Collision
• Programmable Padding and CRC Generation
• Programmable Automatic Rejection of Erroneous
Packets
• Activity Outputs for 2 LED Indicators
•Buffer:
- Configurable transmit/receive buffer size
- Hardware-managed circular receive FIFO
- Byte-wide random and sequential access
- Internal DMA for fast memory copying
- Hardware assisted checksum calculation for
various protocols
•MAC:
- Support for Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast
packets
- Programmable Pattern Match of up to 64 bytes
within packet at user-defined offset
- Programmable wake-up on multiple packet
formats
•PHY:
- Wave shaping output filter
Flexible Oscil lator Struc ture:
• Selectable System Clock derived from Single
25 MHz External Source:
- 2.778 to 41.667 MHz
• Internal 31 kHz Oscillator
• Secondary Oscillator using Timer1 @ 32 kHz
• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor:
- Allows for safe shutdown if oscillator stops
• Two-Speed Oscillator Start-up
External Memory Bus
(100-pin devi ces only) :
• Address Capability of up to 2 Mbytes
• 8-Bit or 16-Bit Interface
• 12-Bit, 16-Bit and 20-Bit Addressing modes
Peripheral Highl ight s:
• High-Current Sink/Source: 25 mA/25 mA on PORTB
and PORTC
• Five Timer modules (Timer0 to Timer4)
• Four External Interrupt pins
• Two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules
• Three Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)
modules:
- One, two or four PWM outputs
- Selectable polarity
- Programmable dead time
- Auto-shutdown and auto-restart
• Up to Two Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP)
modules supporting SPI (all 4 modes) and I2C™
Master and Slave modes
• Up to Two Enhanced USART modules:
- Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN/J2602
- Auto-wake-up on Start bit
- Auto-Baud Detect (ABD)
• 10-Bit, Up to 16-Channel Analog-to-Digital Converter
module (A/D):
- Auto-acquisition capability
- Conversion available during Sleep
• Dual Analog Comparators with Input Multiplexing
• Parallel Slave Port (PSP) module
(100-pin devices only)
S pecial Microcontroller Features:
• 5.5V Tolerant Inputs (digital-only pins)
• Low-Power, High-Speed CMOS Flash Technology:
- Self-reprogrammable under software control
• C compiler Optimized Architecture for Reentrant Code
• Power Management Features:
- Run: CPU on, peripherals on
- Idle: CPU off, peripherals on
- Sleep: CPU off, peripherals off
• Priority Levels for Interrupts
• 8 x 8 Single-Cycle Hardware Multiplier
• Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT):
- Programmable period from 4 ms to 134s
• Single-Supply 3.3V In-Circuit Serial Programming™
(ICSP™) via Two Pins
• In-Circuit Debug (ICD) with 3 Breakpoints via
Two Pins
• Operating Voltage Range of 2.35V to 3.6V (3.1V to
3.6V using Ethernet module)
• On-Chip 2.5V Regulator
64/80/100-Pin High-Performance,
1-Mbit Flash Microcontrollers with Ethernet
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 4 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Device
Flash
Program
Memory
(bytes)
SRAM
Dat a
Memory
(bytes)
Ethernet
TX/RX
Buffer
(bytes)
I/O 10-Bit
A/D (ch) CCP/
ECCP
MSSP
EUSART
Comparators
Timers
8/16-Bit PSP
External
Mem or y Bu s
SPI Master
I2C™
PIC18F66J60 64K 3808 8192 39 11 2/3 1 Y Y 1 2 2/3 N N
PIC18F66J65 96K 3808 8192 39 11 2/3 1 Y Y 1 2 2/3 N N
PIC18F67J60 128K 3808 8192 39 11 2/3 1 Y Y 1 2 2/3 N N
PIC18F86J60 64K 3808 8192 55 15 2/3 1 Y Y 2 2 2/3 N N
PIC18F86J65 96K 3808 8192 55 15 2/3 1 Y Y 2 2 2/3 N N
PIC18F87J60 128K 3808 8192 55 15 2/3 1 Y Y 2 2 2/3 N N
PIC18F96J60 64K 3808 8192 70 16 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 Y Y
PIC18F96J65 96K 3808 8192 70 16 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 Y Y
PIC18F97J60 128K 3808 8192 70 16 2/3 2 Y Y 2 2 2/3 Y Y
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 5
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
Pin Diagrams
PIC18F66J65
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
38
37
36
35
34
33
50 49
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
VDD
MCLR
VSS
VDDCORE/VCAP
OSC2/CLKO
OSC1/CLKI
15
16
31
40
39
27 28 29 30 32
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
54 53 52 5158 57 56 5560 59
64 63 62 61
64-Pin TQFP
RB4/KBI0
RB5/KBI1
RB6/KBI2/PGC
VSS
VDD
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
RC5/SDO1
VDDRX
TPIN+
TPIN-
VSSRX
RE2/P2B
RE3/P3C
RE4/P3B
RE5/P1C
RD0/P1B
RD1/ECCP3/P3A
RD2/CCP4/P3D
VSSPLL
VDDPLL
RBIAS
VSSTX
TPOUT+
TPOUT-
VDDTX
VSS
RE1/P2C
RE0/P2D
RG4/CCP5/P1D
RF7/SS1
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB1/INT1
RB2/INT2
RB3/INT3
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
RF6/AN11
ENVREG
RF1/AN6/C2OUT
AVDD
AVSS
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA2/AN2/VREF-
RA1/LEDB/AN1
RA0/LEDA/AN0
VSS
VDD
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/AN4
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC6/TX1/CK1
PIC18F67J60
PIC18F66J60
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 6 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Pin Diagrams (Continued)
PIC18F86J65
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
64 63 62 61
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
RE2/P2B
RE3/P3C(2)
RE4/P3B(2)
RE5/P1C(2)
RE6/P1B(2)
RE7/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)
RD0
VDD
VSS
RD1
RD2
RE1/P2C
RE0/P2D
RG0/ECCP3/P3A
RG1/TX2/CK2
RG2/RX2/DT2
RG3/CCP4/P3D
MCLR
RG4/CCP5/P1D
VSS
VDDCORE/VCAP
RF7/SS1
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB1/INT1
RB2/INT2
RB3/INT3
RB4/KBI0
RB5/KBI1
RB6/KBI2/PGC
VSS
OSC2/CLKO
OSC1/CLKI
VDD
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
ENVREG
RF1/AN6/C2OUT
AVDD
AVSS
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA2/AN2/VREF-
RA1/LEDB/AN1
RA0/LEDA/AN0
VSS
VDD
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/AN4
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC6/TX1/CK1
RC5/SDO1
RH1
RH0
1
2
RH2
RH3
17
18
RH7/AN15/P1B(2)
RH6/AN14/P1C(2)
RH5/AN13/P3B(2)
RH4/AN12/P3C(2)
RJ5
RJ4
37
50
49
19
20
33 34 35 36 38
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
60
59
68 67 66 6572 71 70 6974 7378 77 76 757980
80-Pin TQFP
Note 1: The ECCP2/P2A pin placement depends on the CCP2MX Configuration bit setting.
2: P1B, P1C, P3B and P3C pin placement depends on the ECCPMX Configuration bit setting.
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
RF6/AN11
VSSPLL
VDDPLL
RBIAS
VSSTX
TPOUT+
TPOUT-
VDDTX
VDDRX
TPIN+
TPIN-
VSSRX
PIC18F87J60
PIC18F86J60
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 7
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
Pin Diagrams (Continued)
92
94
93
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
20
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
26
56
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
17
18
19
21
22
95
1
76
77
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
75
74
73
58
57
24
23
25
96
98
97
99
27
46
47
48
49
50
55
54
53
52
51
100
10 0 -Pin TQFP
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB1/INT1
RB2/INT2
RB3/INT3/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)
RB4/KBI0
RB5/KBI1
RB6/KBI2/PGC
VSS
OSC2/CLKO
OSC1/CLKI
VDD
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
RC5/SDO1
RJ7/UB
RJ6/LB
RJ2/WRL
RJ3/WRH
RE1/AD9/WR/P2C
RE0/AD8/RD/P2D
RG0/ECCP3/P3A
RG1/TX2/CK2
RG2/RX2/DT2
RG3/CCP4/P3D
MCLR
RG4/CCP5/P1D
VSS
VDDCORE/VCAP
RF7/SS1
RH2/A18
RH3/A19
RH7/AN15/P1B(2)
RH6/AN14/P1C(2)
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
RF6/AN11
RE2/AD10/CS/P2B
RE3/AD11/P3C(2)
RE4/AD12/P3B(2)
RE5/AD13/P1C(2)
RE6/AD14/P1B(2)
RE7/AD15/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)
RD0/AD0/PSP0
VDD
VSS
RD1/AD1/PSP1
RD2/AD2/PSP2
RD3/AD3/PSP3
RD4/AD4/PSP4/SDO2
RD5/AD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2
RD6/AD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2
RJ0/ALE
RJ1/OE
RH1/A17
RH0/A16
ENVREG
RF1/AN6/C2OUT
AVDD
AVSS
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA2/AN2/VREF-
RA1/LEDB/AN1
RA0/LEDA/AN0
VSS
VDD
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/AN4
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC6/TX1/CK1
RH5/AN13/P3B(2)
RH4/AN12/P3C(2)
RJ5/CE
RJ4/BA0
VSS
VSSPLL
VDDPLL
RBIAS
VSSTX
TPOUT+
TPOUT-
VDDTX
VDDRX
TPIN+
TPIN-
VSSRX
RG6
RG5
RF0/AN5
VDD
RG7
VSS
RD7/AD7/PSP7/SS2
VDD
PIC18F96J65
PIC18F97J60
Note 1: The ECCP2/P2A pin placement depends on the CCP2MX Configuration bit and Processor mode settings.
2: P1B, P1C, P3B and P3C pin placement depends on the ECCPMX Configuration bit setting.
NC
PIC18F96J60
82
81
80
79
78
76
77
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 8 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2.0 Guidelines for Getting Started with PIC18FJ Microcontrollers ................................................................................................... 43
3.0 Oscillator Configurations ............................................................................................................................................................ 49
4.0 Power-Managed Modes ............................................................................................................................................................. 55
5.0 Reset .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
6.0 Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................................................. 77
7.0 Flash Program Memory............................................................................................................................................................ 105
8.0 External Memory Bus ............................................................................................................................................................... 115
9.0 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier.......................................................................................................................................................... 127
10.0 Interrupts .................................................................................................................................................................................. 129
11.0 I/O Ports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 145
12.0 Timer0 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 171
13.0 Timer1 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 175
14.0 Timer2 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 180
15.0 Timer3 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 183
16.0 Timer4 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 187
17.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Modules ................................................................................................................................. 189
18.0 Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) Modules .............................................................................................................. 197
19.0 Ethernet Module ....................................................................................................................................................................... 217
20.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module .................................................................................................................... 269
21.0 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) ............................................................... 315
22.0 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ..................................................................................................................... 339
23.0 Comparator Module.................................................................................................................................................................. 349
24.0 Comparator Voltage Reference Module ................................................................................................................................... 355
25.0 Special Features of the CPU.................................................................................................................................................... 359
26.0 Instruction Set Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 375
27.0 Development Support............................................................................................................................................................... 425
28.0 Electrical Characteristics .......................................................................................................................................................... 429
29.0 Packaging Information.............................................................................................................................................................. 465
Appendix A: Revision History............................................................................................................................................................. 475
Appendix B: Device Differences......................................................................................................................................................... 476
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 477
The Microchip Web Site..................................................................................................................................................................... 489
Customer Change Notification Service .............................................................................................................................................. 489
Customer Support .............................................................................................................................................................................. 489
Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 490
Product Identification System............................................................................................................................................................. 491
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 9
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
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If you have any questions or comments regarding this publication, please contact the Marketing Communications Department via
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welcome your feedback.
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http://www.microchip.com
You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page.
The last character of the literature number is the version number, (e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000).
Errata
An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current
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To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following:
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When contacting a sales office, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are
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PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 10 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 11
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW
This document contains device-specific information for
the following devices:
This family introduces a new line of low-voltage devices
with the foremost traditional advantage of all PIC18
microcontrollers – namely, high computational per-
formance and a rich feature set at an extremely
competitive price point. These features make the
PIC18F97J60 family a logical choice for many
high-performance applications where cost is a primary
consideration.
1.1 Core Features
1.1.1 OSCILLATOR OPTIONS AND
FEATURES
All of the devices in the PIC18F97J60 family offer five
different oscillator options, allowing users a range of
choices in developing application hardware. These
options include:
• Two Crystal modes, using crystals or ceramic
resonators.
• Two External Clock modes, offering the option of
a divide-by-4 clock output.
• A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) frequency multiplier,
available to the external oscillator modes, which
allows clock speeds of up to 41.667 MHz.
• An internal RC oscillator with a fixed 31 kHz
output which provides an extremely low-power
option for timing-insensitive applications.
The internal oscillator block provides a stable reference
source that gives the family additional features for
robust operation:
•Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This option constantly
monitors the main clock source against a reference
signal provided by the internal oscillator. If a clock
failure occurs, the controller is switched to the
internal oscillator, allowing for continued low-speed
operation or a safe application shutdown.
•Two-Speed Start-up: This option allows the
internal oscillator to serve as the clock source
from Power-on Reset, or wake-up from Sleep
mode, until the primary clock source is available.
1.1.2 EXPANDED MEMORY
The PIC18F97J60 family provides ample room for
application code, from 64 Kbytes to 128 Kbytes of code
space. The Flash cells for program memory are rated
to last 100 erase/write cycles. Data retention without
refresh is conservatively estimated to be greater than
20 years.
The PIC18F97J60 family also provides plenty of room
for dynamic application data with 3808 bytes of data
RAM.
1.1.3 EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS
In the unlikely event that 128 Kbytes of memory are
inadequate for an application, the 100-pin members of
the PIC18F97J60 family also implement an External
Memory Bus (EMB). This allows the controller’s inter-
nal program counter to address a memory space of up
to 2 Mbytes, permitting a level of data access that few
8-bit devices can claim. This allows additional memory
options, including:
• Using combinations of on-chip and external
memory up to the 2-Mbyte limit
• Using external Flash memory for reprogrammable
application code or large data tables
• Using external RAM devices for storing large
amounts of variable data
1.1.4 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET
The PIC18F97J60 family implements the optional
extension to the PIC18 instruction set, adding eight
new instructions and an Indexed Addressing mode.
Enabled as a device configuration option, the extension
has been specifically designed to optimize reentrant
application code originally developed in high-level
languages, such as C.
1.1.5 EASY MIGRATION
Regardless of the memory size, all devices share the
same rich set of peripherals, allowing for a smooth
migration path as applications grow and evolve.
• PIC18F66J60 • PIC18F87J60
• PIC18F66J65 • PIC18F96J60
• PIC18F67J60 • PIC18F96J65
• PIC18F86J60 • PIC18F97J60
• PIC18F86J65
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 12 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.2 Other Special Features
•Communications: The PIC18F97J60 family
incorporates a range of serial communication
peripherals, including up to two independent
Enhanced USARTs and up to two Master SSP
modules, capable of both SPI and I2C™ (Master
and Slave) modes of operation. In addition, one of
the general purpose I/O ports can be reconfigured
as an 8-bit Parallel Slave Port for direct
processor-to-processor communications.
•CCP Modules: All devices in the family incorporate
two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules and
three Enhanced CCP (ECCP) modules to maximize
flexibility in control applications. Up to four different
time bases may be used to perform several
different operations at once. Each of the three
ECCP modules offers up to four PWM outputs,
allowing for a total of twelve PWMs. The ECCP
modules also offer many beneficial features,
including polarity selection, programmable dead
time, auto-shutdown and restart and Half-Bridge
and Full-Bridge Output modes.
•10-Bit A/D Converter: This module incorporates
programmable acquisition time, allowing for a
channel to be selected and a conversion to be
initiated without waiting for a sampling period and
thus, reducing code overhead.
•Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT): This
enhanced version incorporates a 16-bit prescaler,
allowing an extended time-out range. See
Section 28.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for
time-out periods.
1.3 Details on Individual Family
Members
Devices in the PIC18F97J60 family are available in
64-pin, 80-pin and 100-pin packages. Block diagrams
for the three groups are shown in Figure 1-1,
Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-3.
The devices are differentiated from each other in four
ways:
1. Flash program memory (three sizes, ranging
from 64 Kbytes for PIC18FX6J60 devices to
128 Kbytes for PIC18FX7J60 devices).
2. A/D channels (eleven for 64-pin devices, fifteen
for 80-pin pin devices and sixteen for 100-pin
devices).
3. Serial communication modules (one EUSART
module and one MSSP module on 64-pin
devices, two EUSART modules and one MSSP
module on 80-pin devices and two EUSART
modules and two MSSP modules on 100-pin
devices).
4. I/O pins (39 on 64-pin devices, 55 on 80-pin
devices and 70 on 100-pin devices).
All other features for devices in this family are identical.
These are summarized in Table 1-1, Tabl e 1 -2 and
Table 1-3.
The pinouts for all devices are listed in Ta b l e 1 - 4 ,
Table 1-5 and Ta b l e 1-6.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 13
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 1-1: DEVICE FEATURES FOR THE PIC18F97J60 FAMILY (64-PIN DEVICES)
TABLE 1-2: DEVICE FEATURES FOR THE PIC18F97J60 FAMILY (80-PIN DEVICES)
Features PIC18F66J60 PIC18F66J65 PIC18F67J60
Operating Frequency DC – 41.667 MHz DC – 41.667 MHz DC – 41.667 MHz
Program Memory (Bytes) 64K 96K 128K
Program Memory (Instructions) 32764 49148 65532
Data Memory (Bytes) 3808
Interrupt Sources 26
I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G
I/O Pins 39
Timers 5
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 3
Serial Communications MSSP (1), Enhanced USART (1)
Ethernet Communications (10Base-T) Yes
Parallel Slave Port Communications (PSP) No
External Memory Bus No
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module 11 Input Channels
Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Full,
Stack Underflow, MCLR , WDT (PWRT, OST)
Instruction Set 75 Instructions, 83 with Extended Instruction Set Enabled
Packages 64-Pin TQFP
Features PIC18F86J60 PIC18F86J65 PIC18F87J60
Operating Frequency DC – 41.667 MHz DC – 41.667 MHz DC – 41.667 MHz
Program Memory (Bytes) 64K 96K 128K
Program Memory (Instructions) 32764 49148 65532
Data Memory (Bytes) 3808
Interrupt Sources 27
I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J
I/O Pins 55
Timers 5
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 3
Serial Communications MSSP (1), Enhanced USART (2)
Ethernet Communications (10Base-T) Yes
Parallel Slave Port Communications (PSP) No
External Memory Bus No
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module 15 Input Channels
Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Full,
Stack Underflow, MCLR , WDT (PWRT, OST)
Instruction Set 75 Instructions, 83 with Extended Instruction Set Enabled
Packages 80-Pin TQFP
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 14 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 1-3: DEVICE FEATURES FOR THE PIC18F97J60 FAMILY (100-PIN DEVICES)
Features PIC18F96J60 PIC18F96J65 PIC18F97J60
Operating Frequency DC – 41.667 MHz DC – 41.667 MHz DC – 41.667 MHz
Program Memory (Bytes) 64K 96K 128K
Program Memory (Instructions) 32764 49148 65532
Data Memory (Bytes) 3808
Interrupt Sources 29
I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J
I/O Pins 70
Timers 5
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 3
Serial Communications MSSP (2), Enhanced USART (2)
Ethernet Communications (10Base-T) Yes
Parallel Slave Port Communications (PSP) Yes
External Memory Bus Yes
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module 16 Input Channels
Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR, RESET Instruction, Stack Full,
Stack Underflow, MCLR , WDT (PWRT, OST)
Instruction Set 75 Instructions, 83 with Extended Instruction Set Enabled
Packages 100-Pin TQFP
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 15
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 1-1: PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 (64-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM
Instruction
Decode and
Control
PORTA
Data Latch
Data Memory
(3808 Bytes)
Address Latch
Data Address<12>
12
Access
BSR FSR0
FSR1
FSR2
inc/dec
logic
Address
412 4
PCH PCL
PCLATH
8
31 Level Stack
Program Counter
PRODLPRODH
8 x 8 Multiply
8
BITOP
8
8
ALU<8>
Address Latch
Program Memory
(64, 96, 128 Kbytes)
Data Latch
20
8
8
Table Pointer<21>
inc/dec logic
21
8
Data Bus<8>
Table Latch
8
IR
12
3
PCLATU
PCU
Note 1: See Ta b le 1 - 4 for I/O port pin descriptions.
2: BOR functionality is provided when the on-board voltage regulator is enabled.
EUSART1
Comparators
MSSP1
Timer2Timer1 Timer3Timer0
ECCP1
ADC
10-Bit
W
Instruction Bus <16>
STKPTR Bank
8
State Machine
Control Signals
Decode
8
8
ECCP2
ROM Latch
ECCP3 CCP4 CCP5
PORTC
PORTD
PORTE
PORTF
PORTG
RA0:RA5(1)
RC0:RC7(1)
RD0:RD2(1)
RE0:RE5(1)
RF1:RF7(1)
RG4(1)
PORTB
RB0:RB7(1)
Timer4
OSC1/CLKI
OSC2/CLKO
VDD,
Timing
Generation
VSS MCLR
Power-up
Timer
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Power-on
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Brown-out
Reset(2)
Precision
Reference
Band Gap
INTRC
Oscillator
Regulator
Voltage
VDDCORE/VCAP
ENVREG
Ethernet
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 16 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 1-2: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 (80-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM
PRODLPRODH
8 x 8 Multiply
8
BITOP
8
8
ALU<8>
8
8
3
W8
8
8
Instruction
Decode &
Control
State Machine
Control Signals
PORTA
PORTC
PORTD
PORTE
PORTF
PORTG
RA0:RA5(1)
RC0:RC7(1)
RD0:RD2(1)
RE0:RE7(1)
RF1:RF7(1)
RG0:RG4(1)
PORTB
RB0:RB7(1)
PORTH
RH0:RH7(1)
PORTJ
RJ4:RJ5(1)
EUSART1
Comparators
MSSP1
Timer2Timer1 Timer3Timer0
ECCP1
ADC
10-Bit
EUSART2
ECCP2 ECCP3 CCP4 CCP5
Timer4
Note 1: See Ta b l e 1 - 5 for I/O port pin descriptions.
2: BOR functionality is provided when the on-board voltage regulator is enabled.
OSC1/CLKI
OSC2/CLKO
VDD, VSS
Timing
Generation
MCLR
Power-up
Timer
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Power-on
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Brown-out
Reset(2)
Precision
Reference
Band Gap
INTRC
Oscillator
Regulator
Voltage
VDDCORE/VCAP
ENVREG
Data Latch
Data Memory
(3808 Bytes)
Address Latch
Data Address<12>
12
Access
BSR FSR0
FSR1
FSR2
inc/dec
logic
Address
412 4
PCH PCL
PCLATH
8
31 Level Stack
Program Counter
20
Table Pointer<21>
inc/dec logic
21
8
Data Bus<8>
Table Latch
8
IR
12
PCLATU
PCU
Instruction Bus <16>
STKPTR Bank
Decode
ROM Latch
Ethernet
Address Latch
Program Memory
(64, 96, 128 Kbytes)
Data Latch
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 17
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 1-3: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 (100-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM
PRODLPRODH
8 x 8 Multiply
8
BITOP
8
8
ALU<8>
8
8
3
W8
8
8
Instruction
Decode &
Control
Data Address<12>
12
Access
BSR FSR0
FSR1
FSR2
inc/dec
logic
Address
412 4
PCH PCL
PCLATH
8
31 Level Stack
Program Counter
20
Table Pointer<21>
inc/dec logic
21
8
Data Bus<8>
Table Latch
8
IR
12
ROM Latch
PCLATU
PCU
Instruction Bus <16>
STKPTR Bank
State Machine
Control Signals
Decode
System Bus Interface
AD15:AD0, A19:A16
(Multiplexed with PORTD,
PORTE and PORTH)
PORTA
PORTC
PORTD
PORTE
PORTF
PORTG
RA0:RA5(1)
RC0:RC7(1)
RD0:RD7(1)
RE0:RE7(1)
RF0:RF7(1)
RG0:RG7(1)
PORTB
RB0:RB7(1)
PORTH
RH0:RH7(1)
PORTJ
RJ0:RJ7(1)
EUSART1
Comparators
MSSP1
Timer2Timer1 Timer3Timer0
ECCP1
ADC
10-Bit
EUSART2
ECCP2 ECCP3 MSSP2CCP4 CCP5
Timer4
Note 1: See Ta bl e 1 - 6 for I/O port pin descriptions.
2: BOR functionality is provided when the on-board voltage regulator is enabled.
OSC1/CLKI
OSC2/CLKO
VDD, VSS
Timing
Generation
MCLR
Power-up
Timer
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Power-on
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Brown-out
Reset(2)
Precision
Reference
Band Gap
INTRC
Oscillator
Regulator
Voltage
VDDCORE/VCAP
ENVREG
Ethernet
Data Latch
Data Memory
(3808 Bytes)
Address Latch
Address Latch
Program Memory
(64, 96, 128 Kbytes)
Data Latch
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 18 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 1-4: PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
MCLR 7 I ST Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low Reset
to the device.
OSC1/CLKI
OSC1
CLKI
39
I
I
ST
CMOS
Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.
ST buffer when configured in internal RC mode; CMOS
otherwise.
External clock source input. Always associated
with pin function, OSC1. (See related OSC2/CLKO pin.)
OSC2/CLKO
OSC2
CLKO
40
O
O
—
—
Oscillator crystal or clock output.
Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or
resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.
In Internal RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO which has
1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the
instruction cycle rate.
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/LEDA/AN0
RA0
LEDA
AN0
24
I/O
O
I
TTL
—
Analog
Digital I/O.
Ethernet LEDA indicator output.
Analog Input 0.
RA1/LEDB/AN1
RA1
LEDB
AN1
23
I/O
O
I
TTL
—
Analog
Digital I/O.
Ethernet LEDB indicator output.
Analog Input 1.
RA2/AN2/VREF-
RA2
AN2
VREF-
22
I/O
I
I
TTL
Analog
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 2.
A/D reference voltage (low) input.
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA3
AN3
VREF+
21
I/O
I
I
TTL
Analog
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 3.
A/D reference voltage (high) input.
RA4/T0CKI
RA4
T0CKI
28
I/O
I
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer0 external clock input.
RA5/AN4
RA5
AN4
27
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 4.
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 19
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB0
INT0
FLT0
3
I/O
I
I
TTL
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 0.
Enhanced PWM Fault input (ECCP modules); enabled
in software.
RB1/INT1
RB1
INT1
4
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 1.
RB2/INT2
RB2
INT2
5
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 2.
RB3/INT3
RB3
INT3
6
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 3.
RB4/KBI0
RB4
KBI0
44
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB5/KBI1
RB5
KBI1
43
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB6/KBI2/PGC
RB6
KBI2
PGC
42
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming clock pin.
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RB7
KBI3
PGD
37
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming data pin.
TABLE 1-4: PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 20 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI
RC0
T1OSO
T13CKI
30
I/O
O
I
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator output.
Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A
RC1
T1OSI
ECCP2
P2A
29
I/O
I
I/O
O
ST
CMOS
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator input.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM2 output.
ECCP2 PWM Output A.
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
RC2
ECCP1
P1A
33
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM1 output.
ECCP1 PWM Output A.
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC3
SCK1
SCL1
34
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C™ mode.
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC4
SDI1
SDA1
35
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
SPI data in.
I2C data I/O.
RC5/SDO1
RC5
SDO1
36
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
SPI data out.
RC6/TX1/CK1
RC6
TX1
CK1
31
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART1 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART1 synchronous clock (see related RX1/DT1 pin).
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC7
RX1
DT1
32
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART1 asynchronous receive.
EUSART1 synchronous data (see related TX1/CK1 pin).
TABLE 1-4: PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 21
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port.
RD0/P1B
RD0
P1B
60
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP1 PWM Output B.
RD1/ECCP3/P3A
RD1
ECCP3
P3A
59
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM3 output.
ECCP3 PWM Output A.
RD2/CCP4/P3D
RD2
CCP4
P3D
58
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM4 output.
CCP4 PWM Output D.
TABLE 1-4: PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 22 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.
RE0/P2D
RE0
P2D
2
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP2 PWM Output D.
RE1/P2C
RE1
P2C
1
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP2 PWM Output C.
RE2/P2B
RE2
P2B
64
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP2 PWM Output B.
RE3/P3C
RE3
P3C
63
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP3 PWM Output C.
RE4/P3B
RE4
P3B
62
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP3 PWM Output B.
RE5/P1C
RE5
P1C
61
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP1 PWM Output C.
TABLE 1-4: PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 23
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTF is a bidirectional I/O port.
RF1/AN6/C2OUT
RF1
AN6
C2OUT
17
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 6.
Comparator 2 output.
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
RF2
AN7
C1OUT
16
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 7.
Comparator 1 output.
RF3/AN8
RF3
AN8
15
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 8.
RF4/AN9
RF4
AN9
14
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 9.
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF5
AN10
CVREF
13
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 10.
Comparator reference voltage output.
RF6/AN11
RF6
AN11
12
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 11.
RF7/SS1
RF7
SS1
11
I/O
I
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
SPI slave select input.
TABLE 1-4: PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 24 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTG is a bidirectional I/O port.
RG4/CCP5/P1D
RG4
CCP5
P1D
8
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM5 output.
ECCP1 PWM Output D.
VSS 9, 25, 41, 56 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 26, 38, 57 P — Positive supply for peripheral digital logic and I/O pins.
AVSS 20 P — Ground reference for analog modules.
AVDD 19 P — Positive supply for analog modules.
ENVREG 18 I ST Enable for on-chip voltage regulator.
VDDCORE/VCAP
VDDCORE
VCAP
10
P
P
—
—
Core logic power or external filter capacitor connection.
Positive supply for microcontroller core logic
(regulator disabled).
External filter capacitor connection (regulator enabled).
VSSPLL 55 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY PLL.
VDDPLL 54 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY PLL.
VSSTX 52 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY transmit subsystem.
VDDTX 49 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY transmit subsystem.
VSSRX 45 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY receive subsystem.
VDDRX 48 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY receive subsystem.
RBIAS 53 I Analog Bias current for Ethernet PHY. Must be tied to VSS via a resistor;
see Section 19.0 “Ethernet Module” for specification.
TPOUT+ 51 O — Ethernet differential signal output.
TPOUT- 50 O — Ethernet differential signal output.
TPIN+ 47 I Analog Ethernet differential signal input.
TPIN- 46 I Analog Ethernet differential signal input.
TABLE 1-4: PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 25
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 1-5: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
MCLR 9 I ST Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low Reset to
the device.
OSC1/CLKI
OSC1
CLKI
49
I
I
ST
CMOS
Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.
ST buffer when configured in internal RC mode; CMOS
otherwise.
External clock source input. Always associated with
pin function, OSC1. (See related OSC2/CLKO pin.)
OSC2/CLKO
OSC2
CLKO
50
O
O
—
—
Oscillator crystal or clock output.
Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or
resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.
In Internal RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO which has
1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the
instruction cycle rate.
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/LEDA/AN0
RA0
LEDA
AN0
30
I/O
O
I
TTL
—
Analog
Digital I/O.
Ethernet LEDA indicator output.
Analog Input 0.
RA1/LEDB/AN1
RA1
LEDB
AN1
29
I/O
O
I
TTL
—
Analog
Digital I/O.
Ethernet LEDB indicator output.
Analog Input 1.
RA2/AN2/VREF-
RA2
AN2
VREF-
28
I/O
I
I
TTL
Analog
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 2.
A/D reference voltage (low) input.
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA3
AN3
VREF+
27
I/O
I
I
TTL
Analog
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 3.
A/D reference voltage (high) input.
RA4/T0CKI
RA4
T0CKI
34
I/O
I
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer0 external clock input.
RA5/AN4
RA5
AN4
33
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 4.
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
2: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
3: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared.
4: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 26 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB0
INT0
FLT0
5
I/O
I
I
TTL
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 0.
Enhanced PWM Fault input (ECCP modules); enabled
in software.
RB1/INT1
RB1
INT1
6
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 1.
RB2/INT2
RB2
INT2
7
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 2.
RB3/INT3
RB3
INT3
8
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 3.
RB4/KBI0
RB4
KBI0
54
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB5/KBI1
RB5
KBI1
53
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB6/KBI2/PGC
RB6
KBI2
PGC
52
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming clock pin.
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RB7
KBI3
PGD
47
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming data pin.
TABLE 1-5: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
2: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
3: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared.
4: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 27
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI
RC0
T1OSO
T13CKI
36
I/O
O
I
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator output.
Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A
RC1
T1OSI
ECCP2(1)
P2A(1)
35
I/O
I
I/O
O
ST
CMOS
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator input.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM2 output.
ECCP2 PWM Output A.
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
RC2
ECCP1
P1A
43
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM1 output.
ECCP1 PWM Output A.
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC3
SCK1
SCL1
44
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C™ mode.
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC4
SDI1
SDA1
45
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
SPI data in.
I2C data I/O.
RC5/SDO1
RC5
SDO1
46
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
SPI data out.
RC6/TX1/CK1
RC6
TX1
CK1
37
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART1 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART1 synchronous clock (see related RX1/DT1 pin).
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC7
RX1
DT1
38
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART1 asynchronous receive.
EUSART1 synchronous data (see related TX1/CK1 pin).
TABLE 1-5: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
2: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
3: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared.
4: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 28 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port.
RD0 72 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RD1 69 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RD2 68 I/O ST Digital I/O.
PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.
RE0/P2D
RE0
P2D
4
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP2 PWM Output D.
RE1/P2C
RE1
P2C
3
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP2 PWM Output C.
RE2/P2B
RE2
P2B
78
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP2 PWM Output B.
RE3/P3C
RE3
P3C(2)
77
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP3 PWM Output C.
RE4/P3B
RE4
P3B(2)
76
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP3 PWM Output B.
RE5/P1C
RE5
P1C(2)
75
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP1 PWM Output C.
RE6/P1B
RE6
P1B(2)
74
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP1 PWM Output B.
RE7/ECCP2/P2A
RE7
ECCP2(3)
P2A(3)
73
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM2 output.
ECCP2 PWM Output A.
TABLE 1-5: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
2: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
3: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared.
4: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 29
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTF is a bidirectional I/O port.
RF1/AN6/C2OUT
RF1
AN6
C2OUT
23
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 6.
Comparator 2 output.
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
RF2
AN7
C1OUT
18
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 7.
Comparator 1 output.
RF3/AN8
RF3
AN8
17
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 8.
RF4/AN9
RF4
AN9
16
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 9.
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF5
AN10
CVREF
15
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 10.
Comparator reference voltage output.
RF6/AN11
RF6
AN11
14
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 11.
RF7/SS1
RF7
SS1
13
I/O
I
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
SPI slave select input.
TABLE 1-5: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
2: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
3: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared.
4: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 30 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTG is a bidirectional I/O port.
RG0/ECCP3/P3A
RG0
ECCP3
P3A
56
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM3 output.
ECCP3 PWM Output A.
RG1/TX2/CK2
RG1
TX2
CK2
55
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART2 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART2 synchronous clock (see related RX2/DT2 pin).
RG2/RX2/DT2
RG2
RX2
DT2
42
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART2 asynchronous receive.
EUSART2 synchronous data (see related TX2/CK2 pin).
RG3/CCP4/P3D
RG3
CCP4
P3D
41
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM4 output.
ECCP3 PWM Output D.
RG4/CCP5/P1D
RG4
CCP5
P1D
10
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM5 output.
ECCP1 PWM Output D.
TABLE 1-5: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
2: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
3: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared.
4: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 31
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTH is a bidirectional I/O port.
RH0 79 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RH1 80 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RH2 1 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RH3 2 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RH4/AN12/P3C
RH4
AN12
P3C(4)
22
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 12.
ECCP3 PWM Output C.
RH5/AN13/P3B
RH5
AN13
P3B(4)
21
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 13.
ECCP3 PWM Output B.
RH6/AN14/P1C
RH6
AN14
P1C(4)
20
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 14.
ECCP1 PWM Output C.
RH7/AN15/P1B
RH7
AN15
P1B(4)
19
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 15.
ECCP1 PWM Output B.
TABLE 1-5: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
2: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
3: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared.
4: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 32 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTJ is a bidirectional I/O port.
RJ4 39 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RJ5 40 I/O ST Digital I/O
VSS 11, 31, 51, 70 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 32, 48, 71 P — Positive supply for peripheral digital logic and I/O pins.
AVSS 26 P — Ground reference for analog modules.
AVDD 25 P — Positive supply for analog modules.
ENVREG 24 I ST Enable for on-chip voltage regulator.
VDDCORE/VCAP
VDDCORE
VCAP
12
P
P
—
—
Core logic power or external filter capacitor connection.
Positive supply for microcontroller core logic
(regulator disabled).
External filter capacitor connection (regulator enabled).
VSSPLL 67 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY PLL.
VDDPLL 66 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY PLL.
VSSTX 64 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY transmit subsystem.
VDDTX 61 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY transmit subsystem.
VSSRX 57 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY receive subsystem.
VDDRX 60 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY receive subsystem.
RBIAS 65 I Analog Bias current for Ethernet PHY. Must be tied to VSS via a resistor;
see Section 19.0 “Ethernet Module” for specification.
TPOUT+ 63 O — Ethernet differential signal output.
TPOUT- 62 O — Ethernet differential signal output.
TPIN+ 59 I Analog Ethernet differential signal input.
TPIN- 58 I Analog Ethernet differential signal input.
TABLE 1-5: PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
2: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
3: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared.
4: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 33
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
MCLR 13 I ST Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low Reset to
the device.
OSC1/CLKI
OSC1
CLKI
63
I
I
ST
CMOS
Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.
ST buffer when configured in internal RC mode; CMOS
otherwise.
External clock source input. Always associated with
pin function, OSC1. (See related OSC2/CLKO pin.)
OSC2/CLKO
OSC2
CLKO
64
O
O
—
—
Oscillator crystal or clock output.
Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator
in Crystal Oscillator mode.
In Internal RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO which has 1/4
the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate.
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/LEDA/AN0
RA0
LEDA
AN0
35
I/O
O
I
TTL
—
Analog
Digital I/O.
Ethernet LEDA indicator output.
Analog Input 0.
RA1/LEDB/AN1
RA1
LEDB
AN1
34
I/O
O
I
TTL
—
Analog
Digital I/O.
Ethernet LEDB indicator output.
Analog Input 1.
RA2/AN2/VREF-
RA2
AN2
VREF-
33
I/O
I
I
TTL
Analog
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 2.
A/D reference voltage (low) input.
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA3
AN3
VREF+
32
I/O
I
I
TTL
Analog
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 3.
A/D reference voltage (high) input.
RA4/T0CKI
RA4
T0CKI
42
I/O
I
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer0 external clock input.
RA5/AN4
RA5
AN4
41
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 4.
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 34 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB0
INT0
FLT0
5
I/O
I
I
TTL
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 0.
Enhanced PWM Fault input (ECCP modules); enabled
in software.
RB1/INT1
RB1
INT1
6
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 1.
RB2/INT2
RB2
INT2
7
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 2.
RB3/INT3/ECCP2/P2A
RB3
INT3
ECCP2(1)
P2A(1)
8
I/O
I
I/O
O
TTL
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External Interrupt 3.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM2 output.
ECCP2 PWM Output A.
RB4/KBI0
RB4
KBI0
69
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB5/KBI1
RB5
KBI1
68
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB6/KBI2/PGC
RB6
KBI2
PGC
67
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming clock pin.
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RB7
KBI3
PGD
57
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming data pin.
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 35
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI
RC0
T1OSO
T13CKI
44
I/O
O
I
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator output.
Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A
RC1
T1OSI
ECCP2(2)
P2A(2)
43
I/O
I
I/O
O
ST
CMOS
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator input.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM2 output.
ECCP2 PWM Output A.
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
RC2
ECCP1
P1A
53
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM1 output.
ECCP1 PWM Output A.
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC3
SCK1
SCL1
54
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C™ mode.
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC4
SDI1
SDA1
55
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
SPI data in.
I2C data I/O.
RC5/SDO1
RC5
SDO1
56
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
SPI data out.
RC6/TX1/CK1
RC6
TX1
CK1
45
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART1 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART1 synchronous clock (see related RX1/DT1 pin).
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC7
RX1
DT1
46
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART1 asynchronous receive.
EUSART1 synchronous data (see related TX1/CK1 pin).
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 36 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port.
RD0/AD0/PSP0
RD0
AD0
PSP0
92
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 0.
Parallel Slave Port data.
RD1/AD1/PSP1
RD1
AD1
PSP1
91
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 1.
Parallel Slave Port data.
RD2/AD2/PSP2
RD2
AD2
PSP2
90
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 2.
Parallel Slave Port data.
RD3/AD3/PSP3
RD3
AD3
PSP3
89
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 3.
Parallel Slave Port data.
RD4/AD4/PSP4/SDO2
RD4
AD4
PSP4
SDO2
88
I/O
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 4.
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI data out.
RD5/AD5/PSP5/
SDI2/SDA2
RD5
AD5
PSP5
SDI2
SDA2
87
I/O
I/O
I/O
I
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 5.
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI data in.
I2C™ data I/O.
RD6/AD6/PSP6/
SCK2/SCL2
RD6
AD6
PSP6
SCK2
SCL2
84
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 6.
Parallel Slave Port data.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C™ mode.
RD7/AD7/PSP7/SS2
RD7
AD7
PSP7
SS2
83
I/O
I/O
I/O
I
ST
TTL
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 7.
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI slave select input.
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 37
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.
RE0/AD8/RD/P2D
RE0
AD8
RD
P2D
4
I/O
I/O
I
O
ST
TTL
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 8.
Read control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM Output D.
RE1/AD9/WR/P2C
RE1
AD9
WR
P2C
3
I/O
I/O
I
O
ST
TTL
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 9.
Write control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM Output C.
RE2/AD10/CS/P2B
RE2
AD10
CS
P2B
98
I/O
I/O
I
O
ST
TTL
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 10.
Chip select control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM Output B.
RE3/AD11/P3C
RE3
AD11
P3C(3)
97
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 11.
ECCP3 PWM Output C.
RE4/AD12/P3B
RE4
AD12
P3B(3)
96
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 12.
ECCP3 PWM Output B.
RE5/AD13/P1C
RE5
AD13
P1C(3)
95
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 13.
ECCP1 PWM Output C.
RE6/AD14/P1B
RE6
AD14
P1B(3)
94
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 14.
ECCP1 PWM Output B.
RE7/AD15/ECCP2/P2A
RE7
AD15
ECCP2(4)
P2A(4)
93
I/O
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address/Data 15.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM2 output.
ECCP2 PWM Output A.
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 38 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTF is a bidirectional I/O port.
RF0/AN5
RF0
AN5
12
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 5.
RF1/AN6/C2OUT
RF1
AN6
C2OUT
28
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 6.
Comparator 2 output.
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
RF2
AN7
C1OUT
23
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 7.
Comparator 1 output.
RF3/AN8
RF3
AN8
22
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 8.
RF4/AN9
RF4
AN9
21
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 9.
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF5
AN10
CVREF
20
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 10.
Comparator reference voltage output.
RF6/AN11
RF6
AN11
19
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 11.
RF7/SS1
RF7
SS1
18
I/O
I
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
SPI slave select input.
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 39
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTG is a bidirectional I/O port.
RG0/ECCP3/P3A
RG0
ECCP3
P3A
71
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM3 output.
ECCP3 PWM Output A.
RG1/TX2/CK2
RG1
TX2
CK2
70
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART2 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART2 synchronous clock (see related RX2/DT2 pin).
RG2/RX2/DT2
RG2
RX2
DT2
52
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
EUSART2 asynchronous receive.
EUSART2 synchronous data (see related TX2/CK2 pin).
RG3/CCP4/P3D
RG3
CCP4
P3D
51
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM4 output.
ECCP3 PWM Output D.
RG4/CCP5/P1D
RG4
CCP5
P1D
14
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM5 output.
ECCP1 PWM Output D.
RG5 11 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RG6 10 I/O ST Digital I/O.
RG7 38 I/O ST Digital I/O.
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 40 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTH is a bidirectional I/O port.
RH0/A16
RH0
A16
99
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address 16.
RH1/A17
RH1
A17
100
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address 17.
RH2/A18
RH2
A18
1
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address 18.
RH3/A19
RH3
A19
2
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Address 19.
RH4/AN12/P3C
RH4
AN12
P3C(5)
27
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 12.
ECCP3 PWM Output C.
RH5/AN13/P3B
RH5
AN13
P3B(5)
26
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 13.
ECCP3 PWM Output B.
RH6/AN14/P1C
RH6
AN14
P1C(5)
25
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 14.
ECCP1 PWM Output C.
RH7/AN15/P1B
RH7
AN15
P1B(5)
24
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog Input 15.
ECCP1 PWM Output B.
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 41
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PORTJ is a bidirectional I/O port.
RJ0/ALE
RJ0
ALE
49
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address latch enable.
RJ1/OE
RJ1
OE
50
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory output enable.
RJ2/WRL
RJ2
WRL
66
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory write low control.
RJ3/WRH
RJ3
WRH
61
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory write high control.
RJ4/BA0
RJ4
BA0
47
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External Memory Byte Address 0 control.
RJ5/CE
RJ5
CE
48
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O
External memory chip enable control.
RJ6/LB
RJ6
LB
58
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory low byte control.
RJ7/UB
RJ7
UB
39
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory high byte control.
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 42 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NC 9 — — No connect.
VSS 15, 36, 40,
60, 65, 85
P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 17, 37, 59,
62, 86
P — Positive supply for peripheral digital logic and I/O pins.
AVSS 31 P — Ground reference for analog modules.
AVDD 30 P — Positive supply for analog modules.
ENVREG 29 I ST Enable for on-chip voltage regulator.
VDDCORE/VCAP
VDDCORE
VCAP
16
P
P
—
—
Core logic power or external filter capacitor connection.
Positive supply for microcontroller core logic
(regulator disabled).
External filter capacitor connection (regulator enabled).
VSSPLL 82 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY PLL.
VDDPLL 81 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY PLL.
VSSTX 79 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY transmit subsystem.
VDDTX 76 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY transmit subsystem.
VSSRX 72 P — Ground reference for Ethernet PHY receive subsystem.
VDDRX 75 P — Positive 3.3V supply for Ethernet PHY receive subsystem.
RBIAS 80 I Analog Bias current for Ethernet PHY. Must be tied to VSS via a resistor;
see Section 19.0 “Ethernet Module” for specification.
TPOUT+ 78 O — Ethernet differential signal output.
TPOUT- 77 O — Ethernet differential signal output.
TPIN+ 74 I Analog Ethernet differential signal input.
TPIN- 73 I Analog Ethernet differential signal input.
TABLE 1-6: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Pin Number Pin
Type Buffer
Type Description
TQFP
Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels Analog = Analog input
I = Input O = Output
P = Power OD = Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX Configuration bit is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 43
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
2.0 GUIDELINES FOR GETTING
STARTED WITH PIC18FJ
MICROCONTROLLERS
2.1 Basic Connection Requirements
Getting started with the PIC18F97J60 family family of
8-bit microcontrollers requires attention to a minimal
set of device pin connections before proceeding with
development.
The following pins must always be connected:
•All V
DD and VSS pins
(see Section 2.2 “Power Supply Pins”)
•All AV
DD and AVSS pins, regardless of whether or
not the analog device features are used
(see Section 2.2 “Power Supply Pins”)
•MCLR
pin
(see Section 2.3 “Master Clear (MCLR) Pin”)
• ENVREG (if implemented) and VCAP/VDDCORE pins
(see Section 2.4 “Voltage Regulator Pins
(ENVREG and VCAP/VDDCORE)”)
These pins must also be connected if they are being
used in the end application:
• PGC/PGD pins used for In-Circuit Serial
Programming™ (ICSP™) and debugging purposes
(see Section 2.5 “ICSP Pins”)
• OSCI and OSCO pins when an external oscillator
source is used
(see Section 2.6 “External Oscillator Pins”)
Additionally, the following pins may be required:
•V
REF+/VREF- pins are used when external voltage
reference for analog modules is implemented
The minimum mandatory connections are shown in
Figure 2-1.
FIGURE 2-1: RECOMMENDED
MINIMUM CONNECTIONS
Note: The AVDD and AVSS pins must always be
connected, regardless of whether any of
the analog modules are being used.
PIC18FXXJXX
VDD
VSS
VDD
VSS
VSS
VDD
AVDD
AVSS
VDD
VSS
C1
R1
VDD
MCLR
VCAP/VDDCORE
R2 ENVREG
(1)
C7
C2(2)
C3(2)
C4(2)
C5(2)
C6(2)
Key (all values are recommendations):
C1 through C6: 0.1 F, 20V ceramic
C7: 10 F, 6.3V or greater, tantalum or ceramic
R1: 10 kΩ
R2: 100Ω to 470Ω
Note 1: See Section 2.4 “Voltage Regulator Pins
(ENVREG and VCAP/VDDCORE)” for
explanation of ENVREG pin connections.
2: The example shown is for a PIC18F device
with five VDD/VSS and AVDD/AVSS pairs.
Other devices may have more or less pairs;
adjust the number of decoupling capacitors
appropriately.
(1)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 44 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
2.2 Power Suppl y Pins
2.2.1 DECOUPLING CAPACITORS
The use of decoupling capacitors on every pair of
power supply pins, such as VDD, VSS, AVDD and
AVSS, is required.
Consider the following criteria when using decoupling
capacitors:
•Value and type of capacitor: A 0.1 F (100 nF),
10-20V capacitor is recommended. The capacitor
should be a low-ESR device, with a resonance
frequency in the range of 200 MHz and higher.
Ceramic capacitors are recommended.
•Placement on the printed circuit board: The
decoupling capacitors should be placed as close
to the pins as possible. It is recommended to
place the capacitors on the same side of the
board as the device. If space is constricted, the
capacitor can be placed on another layer on the
PCB using a via; however, ensure that the trace
length from the pin to the capacitor is no greater
than 0.25 inch (6 mm).
•Handling high-frequency noise: If the board is
experiencing high-frequency noise (upward of
tens of MHz), add a second ceramic type capaci-
tor in parallel to the above described decoupling
capacitor. The value of the second capacitor can
be in the range of 0.01 F to 0.001 F. Place this
second capacitor next to each primary decoupling
capacitor. In high-speed circuit designs, consider
implementing a decade pair of capacitances as
close to the power and ground pins as possible
(e.g., 0.1 F in parallel with 0.001 F).
•Maximizing performance: On the board layout
from the power supply circuit, run the power and
return traces to the decoupling capacitors first,
and then to the device pins. This ensures that the
decoupling capacitors are first in the power chain.
Equally important is to keep the trace length
between the capacitor and the power pins to a
minimum, thereby reducing PCB trace
inductance.
2.2.2 TANK CAPACITORS
On boards with power traces running longer than
six inches in length, it is suggested to use a tank capac-
itor for integrated circuits, including microcontrollers, to
supply a local power source. The value of the tank
capacitor should be determined based on the trace
resistance that connects the power supply source to
the device, and the maximum current drawn by the
device in the application. In other words, select the tank
capacitor so that it meets the acceptable voltage sag at
the device. Typical values range from 4.7 F to 47 F.
2.3 Master Clear (MCLR) Pin
The MCLR pin provides two specific device
functions: Device Reset, and Device Programming
and Debugging. If programming and debugging are
not required in the end application, a direct
connection to VDD may be all that is required. The
addition of other components, to help increase the
application’s resistance to spurious Resets from
voltage sags, may be beneficial. A typical
configuration is shown in Figure 2-1. Other circuit
designs may be implemented, depending on the
application’s requirements.
During programming and debugging, the resistance
and capacitance that can be added to the pin must
be considered. Device programmers and debuggers
drive the MCLR pin. Consequently, specific voltage
levels (VIH and VIL) and fast signal transitions must
not be adversely affected. Therefore, specific values
of R1 and C1 will need to be adjusted based on the
application and PCB requirements. For example, it is
recommended that the capacitor, C1, be isolated
from the MCLR pin during programming and
debugging operations by using a jumper (Figure 2-2).
The jumper is replaced for normal run-time
operations.
Any components associated with the MCLR pin
should be placed within 0.25 inch (6 mm) of the pin.
FIGURE 2-2: EXAMPLE OF MCLR PIN
CONNECTIONS
Note 1: R1 10 k is recommended. A suggested
starting value is 10 k. Ensure that the
MCLR pin VIH and VIL specifications are met.
2: R2 470 will limit any current flowing into
MCLR from the external capacitor, C, in the
event of MCLR pin breakdown, due to
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical
Overstress (EOS). Ensure that the MCLR pin
VIH and VIL specifications are met.
C1
R2
R1
VDD
MCLR
PIC18FXXJXX
JP
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 45
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
2.4 Voltage Regulator Pins (ENVREG
and VCAP/VDDCORE)
The on-chip voltage regulator enable pin, ENVREG,
must always be connected directly to either a supply
voltage or to ground. Tying ENVREG to VDD enables
the regulator, while tying it to ground disables the
regulator. Refer to Section 25.3 “On-Chip Voltage
Regulator” for details on connecting and using the
on-chip regulator.
When the regulator is enabled, a low-ESR (< 5Ω)
capacitor is required on the VCAP/VDDCORE pin to
stabilize the voltage regulator output voltage. The
VCAP/VDDCORE pin must not be connected to VDD and
must use a capacitor of 10 µF connected to ground. The
type can be ceramic or tantalum. Suitable examples of
capacitors are shown in Ta bl e 2-1 . Capacitors with
equivalent specifications can be used.
Designers may use Figure 2-3 to evaluate ESR
equivalence of candidate devices.
It is recommended that the trace length not exceed
0.25 inch (6 mm). Refer to 28.0 “Electrical
Characteristics” for additional information.
When the regulator is disabled, the VCAP/VDDCORE pin
must be tied to a voltage supply at the VDDCORE level.
Refer to 28.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for
information on VDD and VDDCORE.
Note that the “LF” versions of some low pin count
PIC18FJ parts (e.g., the PIC18LF45J10) do not have
the ENVREG pin. These devices are provided with the
voltage regulator permanently disabled; they must
always be provided with a supply voltage on the
VDDCORE pin.
FIGURE 2-3: FREQUENCY vs. ESR
PERFORMANCE FOR
SUGGESTED VCAP
.
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000
Frequ en cy (MH z)
ESR ()
Note: Typical data measurement at 25°C, 0V DC bias.
TABLE 2-1: SUITABLE CAPACITOR EQUIVALENTS
Make Part # Nominal
Capacitance Base Tolerance Rated Voltage Temp. Range
TDK C3216X7R1C106K 10 µF ±10% 16V -55 to 125ºC
TDK C3216X5R1C106K 10 µF ±10% 16V -55 to 85ºC
Panasonic ECJ-3YX1C106K 10 µF ±10% 16V -55 to 125ºC
Panasonic ECJ-4YB1C106K 10 µF ±10% 16V -55 to 85ºC
Murata GRM32DR71C106KA01L 10 µF ±10% 16V -55 to 125ºC
Murata GRM31CR61C106KC31L 10 µF ±10% 16V -55 to 85ºC
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 46 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
2.4.1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CERAMIC
CAPACITORS
In recent years, large value, low-voltage, surface-mount
ceramic capacitors have become very cost effective in
sizes up to a few tens of microfarad. The low-ESR, small
physical size and other properties make ceramic
capacitors very attractive in many types of applications.
Ceramic capacitors are suitable for use with the
VDDCORE voltage regulator of this microcontroller.
However, some care is needed in selecting the capac-
itor to ensure that it maintains sufficient capacitance
over the intended operating range of the application.
Typical low-cost, 10 µF ceramic capacitors are available
in X5R, X7R and Y5V dielectric ratings (other types are
also available, but are less common). The initial toler-
ance specifications for these types of capacitors are
often specified as ±10% to ±20% (X5R and X7R), or
-20%/+80% (Y5V). However, the effective capacitance
that these capacitors provide in an application circuit will
also vary based on additional factors, such as the
applied DC bias voltage and the temperature. The total
in-circuit tolerance is, therefore, much wider than the
initial tolerance specification.
The X5R and X7R capacitors typically exhibit satisfac-
tory temperature stability (ex: ±15% over a wide
temperature range, but consult the manufacturer's data
sheets for exact specifications). However, Y5V capaci-
tors typically have extreme temperature tolerance
specifications of +22%/-82%. Due to the extreme
temperature tolerance, a 10 µF nominal rated Y5V type
capacitor may not deliver enough total capacitance to
meet minimum VDDCORE voltage regulator stability and
transient response requirements. Therefore, Y5V
capacitors are not recommended for use with the
VDDCORE regulator if the application must operate over
a wide temperature range.
In addition to temperature tolerance, the effective
capacitance of large value ceramic capacitors can vary
substantially, based on the amount of DC voltage
applied to the capacitor. This effect can be very signifi-
cant, but is often overlooked or is not always
documented.
A typical DC bias voltage vs. capacitance graph for
X7R type and Y5V type capacitors is shown in
Figure 2-4.
FIGURE 2-4: DC BIAS VOLTAGE vs.
CAPACITANCE
CHARACTERISTICS
When selecting a ceramic capacitor to be used with the
VDDCORE voltage regulator, it is suggested to select a
high-voltage rating, so that the operating voltage is a
small percentage of the maximum rated capacitor volt-
age. For example, choose a ceramic capacitor rated at
16V for the 2.5V VDDCORE voltage. Suggested
capacitors are shown in Table 2-1.
2.5 ICSP Pin s
The PGC and PGD pins are used for In-Circuit Serial
Programming™ (ICSP™) and debugging purposes. It
is recommended to keep the trace length between the
ICSP connector and the ICSP pins on the device as
short as possible. If the ICSP connector is expected to
experience an ESD event, a series resistor is recom-
mended, with the value in the range of a few tens of
ohms, not to exceed 100Ω.
Pull-up resistors, series diodes, and capacitors on the
PGC and PGD pins are not recommended as they will
interfere with the programmer/debugger communica-
tions to the device. If such discrete components are an
application requirement, they should be removed from
the circuit during programming and debugging. Alter-
natively, refer to the AC/DC characteristics and timing
requirements information in the respective device
Flash programming specification for information on
capacitive loading limits, and pin input voltage high
(VIH) and input low (VIL) requirements.
For device emulation, ensure that the “Communication
Channel Select” (i.e., PGCx/PGDx pins), programmed
into the device, matches the physical connections for
the ICSP to the Microchip debugger/emulator tool.
For more information on available Microchip
development tools connection requirements, refer to
Section 27.0 “Development Support”.
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
5 1011121314151617
DC Bias Voltage (VDC)
Capacitance Change (%)
01234 67 89
16V Capacitor
10V Capacitor
6.3V Capacitor
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 47
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
2.6 External Oscillator Pins
Many microcontrollers have options for at least two
oscillators: a high-frequency primary oscillator and a
low-frequency secondary oscillator (refer to
Section 3.0 “Oscillator Configurations” for details).
The oscillator circuit should be placed on the same
side of the board as the device. Place the oscillator
circuit close to the respective oscillator pins with no
more than 0.5 inch (12 mm) between the circuit
components and the pins. The load capacitors should
be placed next to the oscillator itself, on the same side
of the board.
Use a grounded copper pour around the oscillator cir-
cuit to isolate it from surrounding circuits. The
grounded copper pour should be routed directly to the
MCU ground. Do not run any signal traces or power
traces inside the ground pour. Also, if using a two-sided
board, avoid any traces on the other side of the board
where the crystal is placed.
Layout suggestions are shown in Figure 2-5. In-line
packages may be handled with a single-sided layout
that completely encompasses the oscillator pins. With
fine-pitch packages, it is not always possible to com-
pletely surround the pins and components. A suitable
solution is to tie the broken guard sections to a mirrored
ground layer. In all cases, the guard trace(s) must be
returned to ground.
In planning the application’s routing and I/O assign-
ments, ensure that adjacent port pins, and other
signals in close proximity to the oscillator, are benign
(i.e., free of high frequencies, short rise and fall times,
and other similar noise).
For additional information and design guidance on
oscillator circuits, please refer to these Microchip
Application Notes, available at the corporate web site
(www.microchip.com):
•AN826, “Crystal Oscillator Ba sics and Crystal
Selection for rfPIC™ and PICmicro® Devices”
• AN849, “Basic PICmicro® Oscillator Design”
• AN943, “Practical PICmicro® Oscillator Analysis
and Design”
•AN949, “Ma king Your Oscillator Work ”
2.7 Unused I/Os
Unused I/O pins should be configured as outputs and
driven to a logic low state. Alternatively, connect a 1 kΩ
to 10 kΩ resistor to VSS on unused pins and drive the
output to logic low.
FIGURE 2-5: SUGGESTED PLACEMENT
OF THE OSCILLATOR
CIRCUIT
GND
`
`
`
OSC1
OSC2
T1OSO
T1OS I
Copper Pour Primary Oscillator
Crystal
Timer1 Oscillator
Crystal
DEVICE PINS
Primary
Oscillator
C1
C2
T1 Oscillator: C1 T1 Oscillator: C2
(tied to ground)
Single-Sided and In-Line Layouts:
Fine-Pitch (Dual-Sided) Layouts:
GND
OSCO
OSCI
Bottom Layer
Copper Pour
Oscillator
Crystal
Top Layer Copper Pour
C2
C1
DEVICE PINS
(tied to ground)
(tied to ground)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 48 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 49
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
3.0 OSCILLATOR
CONFIGURATIONS
3.1 Overview
Devices in the PIC18F97J60 family incorporate an
oscillator and microcontroller clock system that differs
from standard PIC18FXXJXX devices. The addition of
the Ethernet module, with its requirement for a stable
25 MHz clock source, makes it necessary to provide a
primary oscillator that can provide this frequency as
well as a range of different microcontroller clock
speeds. An overview of the oscillator structure is shown
in Figure 3-1.
Other oscillator features used in PIC18FXXJXX
enhanced microcontrollers, such as the internal RC
oscillator and clock switching, remain the same. They
are discussed later in this chapter.
3.2 Oscillator Types
The PIC18F97J60 family of devices can be operated in
five different oscillator modes:
1. HS High-Speed Crystal/Resonator
2. HSPLL High-Speed Crystal/Resonator
with Software PLL Control
3. EC External Clock with FOSC/4 Output
4. ECPLL External Clock with Software PLL
Control
5. INTRC Internal 31 kHz Oscillator
3.2.1 OSCILLATOR CONTROL
The oscillator mode is selected by programming the
FOSC<2:0> Configuration bits. FOSC<1:0> bits select
the default primary oscillator modes, while FOSC2
selects when INTRC may be invoked.
The OSCCON register (Register 3-2) selects the Active
Clock mode. It is primarily used in controlling clock
switching in power-managed modes. Its use is discussed
in Section 3.7.1 “O s ci lla tor Co ntro l Re gi ste r”.
The OSCTUNE register (Register 3-1) is used to select
the system clock frequency from the primary oscillator
source by selecting combinations of prescaler/postscaler
settings and enabling the PLL. Its use is described in
Section 3.6.1 “PL L Bl oc k” .
FIGURE 3-1: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY CLOCK DIAGRAM
PIC18F97J60 Family
5x PLL
FOSC<2:0>
Secondary Oscillator
T1OSCEN
Enable
Oscillator
T1OSO
T1OSI
Clock Source Option
for Other Modules
OSC1
OSC2
Sleep
Primary Oscillator
T1OSC
CPU
Peripherals
IDLEN
MUX
INTRC
Source
WDT, PWRT, FSCM
Internal Oscillator
Clock
Control
OSCCON<1:0>
and Two-Speed Start-up
Ethernet Clock
Prescaler Postscaler
PLL/Prescaler/Postscaler
PLL
OSCTUNE<7:5>(1)
PLL
EC, HS, ECPLL, HSPLL
Note 1: See Table 3-2 for OSCTUNE register configurations and their corresponding frequencies.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 50 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
3.3 Cryst al Oscillator/Ceramic
Resonators (HS Modes)
In HS or HSPLL Oscillator modes, a crystal is
connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins to establish
oscillation. Figure 3-2 shows the pin connections.
The oscillator design requires the use of a crystal that
is rated for parallel resonant operation.
FIGURE 3-2: CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
OPERATION (HS OR
HSPLL CONFIGURATION)
TABLE 3-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
3.4 External Clock Input (EC Modes)
The EC and ECPLL Oscillator modes require an exter-
nal clock source to be connected to the OSC1 pin.
There is no oscillator start-up time required after a
Power-on Reset or after an exit from Sleep mode.
In the EC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency,
divided by 4, is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal
may be used for test purposes or to synchronize other
logic. Figure 3-3 shows the pin connections for the EC
Oscillator mode.
FIGURE 3-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK
INPUT OPERATION
(EC CONFIGURATION)
An external clock source may also be connected to the
OSC1 pin in the HS mode, as shown in Figure 3-4. In
this configuration, the OSC2 pin is left open. Current
consumption in this configuration will be somewhat
higher than EC mode, as the internal oscillator’s
feedback circuitry will be enabled (in EC mode, the
feedback circuit is disabled).
FIGURE 3-4: EXTERNAL CLOCK
INPUT OPERATION
(HS CONFIGURATION)
Note: Use of a crystal rated for series resonant
operation may give a frequency out of the
crystal manufacturer’s specifications.
Osc Type Crystal
Freq.
Typical Cap acitor V alu es
Tested:
C1 C2
HS 25 MHz 33 pF 33 pF
Capacitor values are for design guidance only.
Different capacitor values may be required to produce
acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test
the performance of the oscillator over the expected
VDD and temperature range for the application. Refer
to the following application notes for oscillator specific
information:
• AN 5 88, “PIC® Microcontroller Osci llator Design
Guide”
• AN826, “Crystal Oscillator Basics and Crystal
Selection for rfPIC® and PIC® Devices”
• AN 8 49, “Bas ic PIC® Oscillator Design”
• AN 9 43, “Prac tic al PIC® Oscillator Analysis and
Design”
• A N9 49, “Ma ki ng Your Oscillator Work ”
See the notes following this table for additional
information.
Note 1: See Table 3-1 for initial values of C1 and C2.
2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for
crystals with a low drive specification.
3: RF varies with the oscillator mode chosen.
C1(1)
C2(1)
XTAL
OSC2
OSC1
RF(3)
Sleep
To
Logic
PIC18FXXJ6X
RS(2)
Internal
Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stabil-
ity of the oscillator but also increases the
start-up time.
2: Since each crystal has its own character-
istics, the user should consult the crystal
manufacturer for appropriate values of
external components.
3: Rs may be required to avoid overdriving
crystals with low drive level specifications.
4: Always verify oscillator performance over
the VDD and temperature range that is
expected for the application.
OSC1/CLKI
OSC2/CLKO
FOSC/4
Clock from
Ext. System PIC18FXXJ6X
OSC1
OSC2
Open
Clock from
Ext. System PIC18FXXJ6X
(HS Mode)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 51
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
3.5 Internal Oscillator Block
The PIC18F97J60 family of devices includes an internal
oscillator source (INTRC) which provides a nominal
31 kHz output. The INTRC is enabled on device
power-up and clocks the device during its configuration
cycle until it enters operating mode. INTRC is also
enabled if it is selected as the device clock source or if
any of the following are enabled:
• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
• Watchdog Timer
• Two-Speed Start-up
These features are discussed in greater detail in
Section 25.0 “Special Features of the CPU”.
The INTRC can also be optionally configured as the
default clock source on device start-up by setting the
FOSC2 Configuration bit. This is discussed in
Section 3.7.1 “Oscillator Control Register”.
3.6 Ethernet Operation and the
Microcontroller Clock
Although devices of the PIC18F97J60 family can accept
a wide range of crystals and external oscillator inputs,
they must always have a 25 MHz clock source when
used for Ethernet applications. No provision is made for
internally generating the required Ethernet clock from a
primary oscillator source of a different frequency. A
frequency tolerance is specified, likely excluding the use
of ceramic resonators. See Section 28.0 “Electrical
Characteristics”, Table 28-6, Parameter 5, for more
details.
3.6.1 PLL BLOCK
To accommodate a range of applications and micro-
controller clock speeds, a separate PLL block is
incorporated into the clock system. It consists of three
components:
• A configurable prescaler (1:2 or 1:3)
• A 5x PLL frequency multiplier
• A configurable postscaler (1:1, 1:2, or 1:3)
The operation of the PLL block’s components is
controlled by the OSCTUNE register (Register 3-1).
The use of the PLL block’s prescaler and postscaler,
with or without the PLL itself, provides a range of
system clock frequencies to choose from, including the
unaltered 25 MHz of the primary oscillator. The full
range of possible oscillator configurations compatible
with Ethernet operation is shown in Ta b le 3 -2.
REGISTER 3-1: OSCTUNE: PLL BLOCK CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0
PPST1 PLLEN(1) PPST0 PPRE — — — —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 PPST1: PLL Postscaler Configuration bit
1 = Divide-by-2
0 = Divide-by-3
bit 6 PLLEN: 5x Frequency Multiplier PLL Enable bit(1)
1 = PLL is enabled
0 = PLL is disabled
bit 5 PPST0: PLL Postscaler Enable bit
1 = Postscaler is enabled
0 = Postscaler is disabled
bit 4 PPRE: PLL Prescaler Configuration bit
1 = Divide-by-2
0 = Divide-by-3
bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Note 1: Available only for ECPLL and HSPLL oscillator configurations; otherwise, this bit is unavailable and is read
as ‘0’.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 52 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 3-2: DEVICE CLOCK SPEEDS FOR VARIOUS PLL BLOCK CONFIGURATIONS
3.7 Clock Sources and Oscillator
Switching
The PIC18F97J60 family of devices includes a feature
that allows the device clock source to be switched from
the main oscillator to an alternate clock source. These
devices also offer two alternate clock sources. When
an alternate clock source is enabled, the various
power-managed operating modes are available.
Essentially, there are three clock sources for these
devices:
• Primary oscillators
• Secondary oscillators
• Internal oscillator block
The primary oscillators include the External Crystal
and Resonator modes and the External Clock modes.
The particular mode is defined by the FOSC<2:0>
Configuration bits. The details of these modes are
covered earlier in this chapter.
The secondary oscillators are those external sources
not connected to the OSC1 or OSC2 pins. These
sources may continue to operate even after the controller
is placed in a power-managed mode. The PIC18F97J60
family of devices offers the Timer1 oscillator as a second-
ary oscillator. In all power-managed modes, this oscillator
is often the time base for functions such as a Real-Time
Clock (RTC).
Most often, a 32.768 kHz watch crystal is connected
between the RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI and RC1/T1OSI
pins. Loading capacitors are also connected from each
pin to ground. The Timer1 oscillator is discussed in
greater detail in Section 13.3 “Timer1 Oscillator”.
In addition to being a primary clock source, the internal
oscillator is available as a power-managed mode
clock source. The INTRC source is also used as the
clock source for several special features, such as the
WDT and Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.
The clock sources for the PIC18F97J60 family devices
are shown in Figure 3-1. See Section 25.0 “Special
Features of the CPU” for Configuration register details.
5x PLL PLL Prescaler PLL Postscaler PLL Block
Configuration
(OSCTUNE<7:4>)
Clock Frequency
(MHz)
Enabled
2
Disabled x101 (Note 1)
21111 31.2500
30111 20.8333
3
Disabled x100 41.6667
21110 20.8333
30110 13.8889
Disabled
Disabled(2) Disabled x00x 25 (Default)
221011 6.2500
30011 4.1667
321010 4.1667
30010 2.7778
Legend: x = Don’t care
Note 1: Reserved configuration; represents a clock frequency beyond the microcontroller’s operating range.
2: The prescaler is automatically disabled when the PLL and postscaler are both disabled.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 53
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
3.7.1 OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER
The OSCCON register (Register 3-2) controls several
aspects of the device clock’s operation, both in
full-power operation and in power-managed modes.
The System Clock Select bits, SCS<1:0>, select the
clock source. The available clock sources are the
primary clock (defined by the FOSC<2:0> Configura-
tion bits), the secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator) and
the internal oscillator. The clock source changes after
one or more of the bits are changed, following a brief
clock transition interval.
The OSTS (OSCCON<3>) and T1RUN (T1CON<6>)
bits indicate which clock source is currently providing
the device clock. The T1RUN bit indicates when the
Timer1 oscillator is providing the device clock in
secondary clock modes. In power-managed modes,
only one of these bits will be set at any time. If neither
bit is set, the INTRC source is providing the clock, or
the internal oscillator has just started and is not yet
stable.
The IDLEN bit determines if the device goes into Sleep
mode or one of the Idle modes when the SLEEP
instruction is executed.
The use of the flag and control bits in the OSCCON
register is discussed in more detail in Section 4.0
“Power-M ana ged Modes”.
Note 1: The Timer1 oscillator must be enabled to
select the secondary clock source. The
Timer1 oscillator is enabled by setting the
T1OSCEN bit in the Timer1 Control reg-
ister (T1CON<3>). If the Timer1 oscillator
is not enabled, then any attempt to select
a secondary clock source will be ignored.
2: It is recommended that the Timer1
oscillator be operating and stable before
executing the SLEEP instruction or a very
long delay may occur while the Timer1
oscillator starts.
REGISTER 3-2: OSCCON: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R-q U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
IDLEN — — —OSTS
(1) —SCS1SCS0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: q = Value determined by configuration
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 IDLEN: Idle Enable bit
1 = Device enters Idle mode on SLEEP instruction
0 = Device enters Sleep mode on SLEEP instruction
bit 6-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3 OSTS: Oscillator Status bit(1)
1 = Device is running from oscillator source defined when SCS<1:0> = 00
0 = Device is running from oscillator source defined when SCS<1:0> = 01, 10 or 11
bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1-0 SCS<1:0>: System Clock Select bits
11 = Internal oscillator
10 = Primary oscillator
01 = Timer1 oscillator
When FOSC2 = 1;
00 = Primary oscillator
When FOSC2 = 0;
00 = Internal oscillator
Note 1: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 54 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
3.7.1.1 System Clock Selection and the
FOSC2 Configuration Bit
The SCS bits are cleared on all forms of Reset. In the
device’s default configuration, this means the primary
oscillator, defined by FOSC<1:0> (that is, one of the
HC or EC modes), is used as the primary clock source
on device Resets.
The default clock configuration on Reset can be changed
with the FOSC2 Configuration bit. This bit affects the
clock source selection setting when SCS<1:0> = 00.
When FOSC2 = 1 (default), the oscillator source
defined by FOSC<1:0> is selected whenever
SCS<1:0> = 00. When FOSC2 = 0, the INTRC oscillator
is selected whenever SCS<1:0> = 00. Because the SCS
bits are cleared on Reset, the FOSC2 setting also
changes the default oscillator mode on Reset.
Regardless of the setting of FOSC2, INTRC will always
be enabled on device power-up. It will serve as the
clock source until the device has loaded its configura-
tion values from memory. It is at this point that the
FOSC Configuration bits are read and the oscillator
selection of operational mode is made.
Note that either the primary clock or the internal
oscillator will have two bit setting options, at any given
time, depending on the setting of FOSC2.
3.7.2 OSCILLATOR TRANSITIONS
PIC18F97J60 family devices contain circuitry to
prevent clock “glitches” when switching between clock
sources. A short pause in the device clock occurs
during the clock switch. The length of this pause is the
sum of two cycles of the old clock source and three to
four cycles of the new clock source. This formula
assumes that the new clock source is stable.
Clock transitions are discussed in greater detail in
Section 4.1.2 “Entering Power-Managed Modes”.
3.8 Effects of Power-Managed Modes
on the Various Clock Sources
When PRI_IDLE mode is selected, the designated
primary oscillator continues to run without interruption.
For all other power-managed modes, the oscillator
using the OSC1 pin is disabled. The OSC1 pin (and
OSC2 pin if used by the oscillator) will stop oscillating.
In secondary clock modes (SEC_RUN and
SEC_IDLE), the Timer1 oscillator is operating and
providing the device clock. The Timer1 oscillator may
also run in all power-managed modes if required to
clock Timer1 or Timer3.
In RC_RUN and RC_IDLE modes, the internal oscilla-
tor provides the device clock source. The 31 kHz
INTRC output can be used directly to provide the clock
and may be enabled to support various special
features, regardless of the power-managed mode (see
Section 25.2 “Watchdog Timer (WDT)” through
Section 25.5 “Fail-Safe Clock Monitor” for more
information on WDT, Fail-Safe Clock Monitor and
Two-Speed Start-up).
If the Sleep mode is selected, all clock sources are
stopped. Since all the transistor switching currents have
been stopped, Sleep mode achieves the lowest current
consumption of the device (only leakage currents).
Enabling any on-chip feature that will operate during
Sleep will increase the current consumed during Sleep.
The INTRC is required to support WDT operation. The
Timer1 oscillator may be operating to support a
Real-Time Clock. Other features may be operating that
do not require a device clock source (i.e., MSSP slave,
PSP, INTx pins and others). Peripherals that may add
significant current consumption are listed in
Section 28.2 “DC Characteristics: Power-Down and
Supply Current PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial)”
3.9 Power- up De lays
Power-up delays are controlled by two timers, so that
no external Reset circuitry is required for most applica-
tions. The delays ensure that the device is kept in
Reset until the device power supply is stable under nor-
mal circumstances, and the primary clock is operating
and stable. For additional information on power-up
delays, see Section 5.6 “Power-up Timer (PWRT)”.
The first timer is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which
provides a fixed delay on power-up (Parameter 33,
Table 28-12); it is always enabled.
The second timer is the Oscillator Start-up Timer
(OST), intended to keep the chip in Reset until the
crystal oscillator is stable (HS modes). The OST does
this by counting 1024 oscillator cycles before allowing
the oscillator to clock the device.
There is a delay of interval, T
CSD (Parameter 38,
Table 28-12), following POR, while the controller
becomes ready to execute instructions.
TABLE 3-3: OSC1 AND OSC2 PIN STATES IN SLEEP MODE
Oscillator Mode OSC1 Pin OSC2 Pin
EC, ECPLL Floating, pulled by external clock At logic low (clock/4 output)
HS, HSPLL Feedback inverter is disabled at quiescent
voltage level
Feedback inverter is disabled at quiescent
voltage level
Note: See Table 5-2 in Section 5.0 “Reset” for time-outs due to Sleep and MCLR Reset.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 55
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
4.0 POWER-MANAGED MODE S
The PIC18F97J60 family devices provide the ability to
manage power consumption by simply managing clock-
ing to the CPU and the peripherals. In general, a lower
clock frequency and a reduction in the number of circuits
being clocked constitutes lower consumed power. For
the sake of managing power in an application, there are
three primary modes of operation:
• Run mode
• Idle mode
• Sleep mode
These modes define which portions of the device are
clocked and at what speed. The Run and Idle modes
may use any of the three available clock sources
(primary, secondary or internal oscillator block); the
Sleep mode does not use a clock source.
The power-managed modes include several
power-saving features offered on previous PIC® MCU
devices. One is the clock switching feature, offered in
other PIC18 devices, allowing the controller to use the
Timer1 oscillator in place of the primary oscillator. Also
included is the Sleep mode, offered by all PIC MCU
devices, where all device clocks are stopped.
4.1 Sel ecting Power-Managed Modes
Selecting a power-managed mode requires two
decisions: if the CPU is to be clocked or not and which
clock source is to be used. The IDLEN bit
(OSCCON<7>) controls CPU clocking, while the
SCS<1:0> bits (OSCCON<1:0>) select the clock
source. The individual modes, bit settings, clock sources
and affected modules are summarized in Table 4-1.
4.1.1 CLOCK SOURCES
The SCS<1:0> bits allow the selection of one of three
clock sources for power-managed modes. They are:
• The primary clock, as defined by the FOSC<2:0>
Configuration bits
• The secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator)
• The internal oscillator
4.1.2 ENTERING POWER-MANAGED
MODES
Switching from one power-managed mode to another
begins by loading the OSCCON register. The
SCS<1:0> bits select the clock source and determine
which Run or Idle mode is to be used. Changing these
bits causes an immediate switch to the new clock
source, assuming that it is running. The switch may
also be subject to clock transition delays. These are
discussed in Section 4.1.3 “Clock Transitions and
Status Indicators” and subsequent sections.
Entry to the power-managed Idle or Sleep modes is
triggered by the execution of a SLEEP instruction. The
actual mode that results depends on the status of the
IDLEN bit.
Depending on the current mode and the mode being
switched to, a change to a power-managed mode does
not always require setting all of these bits. Many
transitions may be done by changing the oscillator
select bits, or changing the IDLEN bit, prior to issuing a
SLEEP instruction. If the IDLEN bit is already
configured correctly, it may only be necessary to
perform a SLEEP instruction to switch to the desired
mode.
TABLE 4-1: POWER-M ANAGED MODES
Mode OSCCON<7,1:0> Module Clocking Available Clock and Oscillator Source
IDLEN(1) SCS<1:0> CPU Peripherals
Sleep 0N/A Off Off None – All clocks are disabled
PRI_RUN N/A 10 Clocked Clocked Primary – HS, EC, HSPLL, ECPLL;
this is the normal, full-power execution mode
SEC_RUN N/A 01 Clocked Clocked Secondary – Timer1 Oscillator
RC_RUN N/A 11 Clocked Clocked Internal Oscillator
PRI_IDLE 110Off Clocked Primary – HS, EC, HSPLL, ECPLL
SEC_IDLE 101Off Clocked Secondary – Timer1 Oscillator
RC_IDLE 111Off Clocked Internal Oscillator
Note 1: IDLEN reflects its value when the SLEEP instruction is executed.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 56 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
4.1.3 CLOCK TRANSITIONS AND STATUS
INDICATORS
The length of the transition between clock sources is
the sum of two cycles of the old clock source and three
to four cycles of the new clock source. This formula
assumes that the new clock source is stable.
Two bits indicate the current clock source and its
status: OSTS (OSCCON<3>) and T1RUN
(T1CON<6>). In general, only one of these bits will be
set while in a given power-managed mode. When the
OSTS bit is set, the primary clock is providing the
device clock. When the T1RUN bit is set, the Timer1
oscillator is providing the clock. If neither of these bits
is set, INTRC is clocking the device.
4.1.4 MULTIPLE SLEEP COMMANDS
The power-managed mode that is invoked with the
SLEEP instruction is determined by the setting of the
IDLEN bit at the time the instruction is executed. If
another SLEEP instruction is executed, the device will
enter the power-managed mode specified by IDLEN at
that time. If IDLEN has changed, the device will enter the
new power-managed mode specified by the new setting.
4.2 Run Modes
In the Run modes, clocks to both the core and
peripherals are active. The difference between these
modes is the clock source.
4.2.1 PRI_RUN MODE
The PRI_RUN mode is the normal, full-power execu-
tion mode of the microcontroller. This is also the default
mode upon a device Reset unless Two-Speed Start-up
is enabled (see Section 25.4 “Two-Speed Start-up”
for details). In this mode, the OSTS bit is set. (see
Section 3.7.1 “Oscillator Control Register”).
4.2.2 SEC_RUN MODE
The SEC_RUN mode is the compatible mode to the
“clock switching” feature offered in other PIC18
devices. In this mode, the CPU and peripherals are
clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. This gives users the
option of lower power consumption while still using a
high accuracy clock source.
SEC_RUN mode is entered by setting the SCS<1:0>
bits to ‘01’. The device clock source is switched to the
Timer1 oscillator (see Figure 4-1), the primary
oscillator is shut down, the T1RUN bit (T1CON<6>) is
set and the OSTS bit is cleared.
On transitions from SEC_RUN mode to PRI_RUN, the
peripherals and CPU continue to be clocked from the
Timer1 oscillator while the primary clock is started.
When the primary clock becomes ready, a clock switch
back to the primary clock occurs (see Figure 4-2).
When the clock switch is complete, the T1RUN bit is
cleared, the OSTS bit is set and the primary clock is
providing the clock. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not
affected by the wake-up; the Timer1 oscillator
continues to run.
Note: Executing a SLEEP instruction does not
necessarily place the device into Sleep
mode. It acts as the trigger to place the
controller into either the Sleep mode, or
one of the Idle modes, depending on the
setting of the IDLEN bit.
Note: The Timer1 oscillator should already be
running prior to entering SEC_RUN
mode. If the T1OSCEN bit is not set when
the SCS<1:0> bits are set to ‘01’, entry to
SEC_RUN mode will not occur. If the
Timer1 oscillator is enabled, but not yet
running, device clocks will be delayed until
the oscillator has started. In such
situations, initial oscillator operation is far
from stable and unpredictable operation
may result.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 57
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 4-1: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SEC_RUN MODE
FIGURE 4-2: TRANSITION TIMING FROM SEC_RUN MODE TO PRI_RUN MODE (HSPLL)
Q4Q3Q2
OSC1
Peripheral
Program
Q1
T1OSI
Q1
Counter
Clock
CPU
Clock
PC + 2PC
123
n-1
n
Clock Transition
Q4Q3Q2 Q1 Q3Q2
PC + 4
Q1 Q3 Q4
OSC1
Peripheral
Program PC
T1OSI
PLL Clock
Q1
PC + 4
Q2
Output
Q3 Q4 Q1
CPU Clock
PC + 2
Clock
Counter
Q2 Q2 Q3
Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.
SCS<1:0> bits Changed
TPLL(1)
12 n-1n
Clock
OSTS bit Set
Transition
TOST(1)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 58 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
4.2.3 RC_RUN MODE
In RC_RUN mode, the CPU and peripherals are
clocked from the internal oscillator; the primary clock is
shut down. This mode provides the best power conser-
vation of all the Run modes while still executing code.
It works well for user applications which are not highly
timing-sensitive or do not require high-speed clocks at
all times.
This mode is entered by setting SCS<1:0> to ‘11’.
When the clock source is switched to the INTRC (see
Figure 4-3), the primary oscillator is shut down and the
OSTS bit is cleared.
On transitions from RC_RUN mode to PRI_RUN mode,
the device continues to be clocked from the INTRC
while the primary clock is started. When the primary
clock becomes ready, a clock switch to the primary
clock occurs (see Figure 4-4). When the clock switch is
complete, the OSTS bit is set and the primary clock is
providing the device clock. The IDLEN and SCS bits
are not affected by the switch. The INTRC source will
continue to run if either the WDT or Fail-Safe Clock
Monitor is enabled.
FIGURE 4-3: TRANSITION TIMING TO RC_RUN MODE
FIGURE 4-4: TRANSITION TIMING FROM RC_RUN MODE TO PRI_RUN MODE
Q4Q3Q2
OSC1
Peripheral
Program
Q1
INTRC
Q1
Counter
Clock
CPU
Clock
PC + 2PC
123 n-1n
Clock Transition
Q4Q3Q2 Q1 Q3Q2
PC + 4
Q1 Q3 Q4
OSC1
Peripheral
Program PC
INTRC
PLL Clock
Q1
PC + 4
Q2
Output
Q3 Q4 Q1
CPU Clock
PC + 2
Clock
Counter
Q2 Q2 Q3
Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.
SCS<1:0> bits Changed
TPLL(1)
12 n-1n
Clock
OSTS bit Set
Transition
TOST(1)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 59
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4.3 Sleep Mode
The power-managed Sleep mode is identical to the
legacy Sleep mode offered in all other PIC MCU
devices. It is entered by clearing the IDLEN bit (the
default state on device Reset) and executing the
SLEEP instruction. This shuts down the selected
oscillator (Figure 4-5). All clock source status bits are
cleared.
Entering the Sleep mode from any other mode does not
require a clock switch. This is because no clocks are
needed once the controller has entered Sleep. If the
WDT is selected, the INTRC source will continue to
operate. If the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, it will also
continue to run.
When a wake event occurs in Sleep mode (by interrupt,
Reset or WDT time-out), the device will not be clocked
until the clock source selected by the SCS<1:0> bits
becomes ready (see Figure 4-6), or it will be clocked
from the internal oscillator if either the Two-Speed
Start-up or the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled (see
Section 25.0 “Special Features of the CPU”). In
either case, the OSTS bit is set when the primary clock
is providing the device clocks. The IDLEN and SCS bits
are not affected by the wake-up.
4.4 I dle Modes
The Idle modes allow the controller’s CPU to be
selectively shut down while the peripherals continue to
operate. Selecting a particular Idle mode allows users
to further manage power consumption.
If the IDLEN bit is set to ‘1’ when a SLEEP instruction is
executed, the peripherals will be clocked from the clock
source selected using the SCS<1:0> bits; however, the
CPU will not be clocked. The clock source status bits are
not affected. Setting IDLEN and executing a SLEEP
instruction provides a quick method of switching from a
given Run mode to its corresponding Idle mode.
If the WDT is selected, the INTRC source will continue
to operate. If the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, it will also
continue to run.
Since the CPU is not executing instructions, the only exits
from any of the Idle modes are by interrupt, WDT
time-out or a Reset. When a wake event occurs, CPU
execution is delayed by an interval of TCSD
(Parameter 38, Table 28-12) while it becomes ready to
execute code. When the CPU begins executing code, it
resumes with the same clock source for the current Idle
mode. For example, when waking from RC_IDLE mode,
the internal oscillator block will clock the CPU and periph-
erals (in other words, RC_RUN mode). The IDLEN and
SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up.
While in any Idle mode or Sleep mode, a WDT time-out
will result in a WDT wake-up to the Run mode currently
specified by the SCS<1:0> bits.
FIGURE 4-5: TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SLEEP MODE
FIGURE 4-6: TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM SLEEP MODE (HSPLL)
Q4Q3Q2
OSC1
Peripheral
Sleep
Program
Q1Q1
Counter
Clock
CPU
Clock
PC + 2PC
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
OSC1
Peripheral
Program PC
PLL Clock
Q3 Q4
Output
CPU Clock
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Clock
Counter PC + 6PC + 4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Wake Event
Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.
TOST(1) TPLL(1)
OSTS bit Set
PC + 2
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 60 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
4.4.1 PRI_IDLE MODE
This mode is unique among the three low-power Idle
modes in that it does not disable the primary device
clock. For timing-sensitive applications, this allows for
the fastest resumption of device operation with its more
accurate primary clock source, since the clock source
does not have to “warm up” or transition from another
oscillator.
PRI_IDLE mode is entered from PRI_RUN mode by
setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruc-
tion. If the device is in another Run mode, set IDLEN
first, then set the SCS<1:0> bits to ‘10’ and execute
SLEEP. Although the CPU is disabled, the peripherals
continue to be clocked from the primary clock source
specified by the FOSC<1:0> Configuration bits. The
OSTS bit remains set (see Figure 4-7).
When a wake event occurs, the CPU is clocked from the
primary clock source. A delay of interval, TCSD, is
required between the wake event and when code
execution starts. This is required to allow the CPU to
become ready to execute instructions. After the
wake-up, the OSTS bit remains set. The IDLEN and
SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up (see
Figure 4-8).
4.4.2 SEC_IDLE MODE
In SEC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the
peripherals continue to be clocked from the Timer1
oscillator. This mode is entered from SEC_RUN by set-
ting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If
the device is in another Run mode, set IDLEN first, then
set SCS<1:0> to ‘01’ and execute SLEEP. When the
clock source is switched to the Timer1 oscillator, the
primary oscillator is shut down, the OSTS bit is cleared
and the T1RUN bit is set.
When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to
be clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. After an interval
of TCSD, following the wake event, the CPU begins exe-
cuting code being clocked by the Timer1 oscillator. The
IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up;
the Timer1 oscillator continues to run (see Figure 4-8).
FIGURE 4-7: TRANSITION TIM ING FOR ENTRY TO IDLE MODE
FIGURE 4-8: TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM IDLE TO RUN MODE
Note: The Timer1 oscillator should already be
running prior to entering SEC_IDLE mode.
If the T1OSCEN bit is not set when the
SLEEP instruction is executed, the SLEEP
instruction will be ignored and entry to
SEC_IDLE mode will not occur. If the
Timer1 oscillator is enabled, but not yet
running, peripheral clocks will be delayed
until the oscillator has started. In such
situations, initial oscillator operation is far
from stable and unpredictable operation
may result.
Q1
Peripheral
Program PC PC + 2
OSC1
Q3 Q4 Q1
CPU Clock
Clock
Counter
Q2
OSC1
Peripheral
Program PC
CPU Clock
Q1 Q3 Q4
Clock
Counter
Q2
Wake Event
TCSD
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4.4.3 RC_IDLE MODE
In RC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the periph-
erals continue to be clocked from the internal oscillator.
This mode allows for controllable power conservation
during Idle periods.
From RC_RUN mode, RC_IDLE mode is entered by
setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction.
If the device is in another Run mode, first set IDLEN,
then clear the SCS bits and execute SLEEP. When the
clock source is switched to the INTRC, the primary
oscillator is shut down and the OSTS bit is cleared.
When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to
be clocked from the INTRC. After a delay of TCSD
following the wake event, the CPU begins executing
code being clocked by the INTRC. The IDLEN and
SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. The INTRC
source will continue to run if either the WDT or the
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled.
4.5 Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes
An exit from Sleep mode, or any of the Idle modes, is
triggered by an interrupt, a Reset or a WDT time-out.
This section discusses the triggers that cause exits
from power-managed modes. The clocking subsystem
actions are discussed in each of the power-managed
modes sections (see Section 4.2 “Run Modes”,
Section 4.3 “Sleep Mode” and Section 4.4 “Idle
Modes”).
4.5.1 EXIT BY INTERRUPT
Any of the available interrupt sources can cause the
device to exit from an Idle mode, or the Sleep mode, to
a Run mode. To enable this functionality, an interrupt
source must be enabled by setting its enable bit in one
of the INTCON or PIE registers. The exit sequence is
initiated when the corresponding interrupt flag bit is set.
On all exits from Idle or Sleep modes by interrupt, code
execution branches to the interrupt vector if the
GIE/GIEH bit (INTCON<7>) is set. Otherwise, code
execution continues or resumes without branching
(see Section 10.0 “Interrupts”).
A fixed delay of interval, TCSD, following the wake event
is required when leaving the Sleep and Idle modes.
This delay is required for the CPU to prepare for execu-
tion. Instruction execution resumes on the first clock
cycle following this delay.
4.5.2 EXIT BY WDT TIME-OUT
A WDT time-out will cause different actions depending
on which power-managed mode the device is in when
the time-out occurs.
If the device is not executing code (all Idle modes and
Sleep mode), the time-out will result in an exit from the
power-managed mode (see Section 4.2 “Run
Modes” and Section 4.3 “Sleep Mode”). If the device
is executing code (all Run modes), the time-out will
result in a WDT Reset (see Section 25.2 “Watchdog
Timer (WDT)”).
The WDT timer and postscaler are cleared by one of
the following events:
• Executing a SLEEP or CLRWDT instruction
• The loss of a currently selected clock source (if
the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled)
4.5.3 EXIT BY RESET
Exiting an Idle or Sleep mode by Reset automatically
forces the device to run from the INTRC.
4.5.4 EXIT WITHOUT AN OSCILLATOR
START-UP TIMER DELAY
Certain exits from power-managed modes do not
invoke the OST at all. There are two cases:
• PRI_IDLE mode, where the primary clock source
is not stopped
• The primary clock source is either the EC or
ECPLL mode
In these instances, the primary clock source either
does not require an oscillator start-up delay, since it is
already running (PRI_IDLE), or normally does not
require an oscillator start-up delay (EC). However, a
fixed delay of interval, T
CSD, following the wake event
is still required when leaving the Sleep and Idle modes
to allow the CPU to prepare for execution. Instruction
execution resumes on the first clock cycle following this
delay.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 62 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 63
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
5.0 RESET
The PIC18F97J60 family of devices differentiates
between various kinds of Reset:
a) MCLR Reset during normal operation
b) MCLR Reset during power-managed modes
c) Power-on Reset (POR)
d) Brown-out Reset (BOR)
e) Configuration Mismatch (CM)
f) RESET Instruction
g) Stack Full Reset
h) Stack Underflow Reset
i) Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset during execution
This section discusses Resets generated by hard
events (MCLR), power events (POR and BOR) and
Configuration Mismatches (CM). It also covers the
operation of the various start-up timers. Stack Reset
events are covered in Section 6.1.6.4 “S t ack Full and
Underflow Resets”. WDT Resets are covered in
Section 25.2 “Watchdog Timer (WDT)”.
A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Reset circuit
is shown in Figure 5-1.
5.1 RCON Register
Device Reset events are tracked through the RCON
register (Register 5-1). The lower six bits of the register
indicate that a specific Reset event has occurred. In
most cases, these bits can only be set by the event and
must be cleared by the application after the event. The
state of these flag bits, taken together, can be read to
indicate the type of Reset that just occurred. This is
described in more detail in Section 5.7 “Reset State
of Registers”.
The RCON register also has a control bit for setting
interrupt priority (IPEN). Interrupt priority is discussed
in Section 10.0 “Interrupts”.
FIGURE 5-1: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
External Reset
MCLR
VDD
WDT
Time-out
VDD Rise
Detect
PWRT
INTRC
POR Pulse
Chip_Reset
Brown-out
Reset(1)
RESET Instruction
Stack
Pointer
Stack Full/Underflow Reset
Sleep
( )_IDLE
32 s
Note 1: The ENVREG pin must be tied high to enable Brown-out Reset. The Brown-out Reset is provided by the on-chip
voltage regulator when there is insufficient source voltage to maintain regulation.
PWRT
11-Bit Ripple Counter
66 ms
S
RQ
Configuration Word Mismatch
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 64 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 5-1: RCON: RESET CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R-1 R-1 R/W-0 R/W-0
IPEN —CMRI TO PD POR BOR
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit
1 = Enable priority levels on interrupts
0 = Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode)
bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5 CM: Configuration Mismatch Flag bit
1 = A Configuration Mismatch Reset has not occurred
0 = A Configuration Mismatch Reset has occurred (must be set in software after a Configuration
Mismatch Reset occurs)
bit 4 RI: RESET Instruction Flag bit
1 = The RESET instruction was not executed (set by firmware only)
0 = The RESET instruction was executed causing a device Reset (must be set in software after a
Brown-out Reset occurs)
bit 3 TO: Watchdog Timer Time-out Flag bit
1 = Set by power-up, CLRWDT instruction or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred
bit 2 PD: Power-Down Detection Flag bit
1 = Set by power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = Set by execution of the SLEEP instruction
bit 1 POR: Power-on Reset Status bit
1 = A Power-on Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only)
0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)
bit 0 BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit
1 = A Brown-out Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only)
0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)
Note 1: It is recommended that the POR bit be set after a Power-on Reset has been detected so that subsequent
Power-on Resets may be detected.
2: If the on-chip voltage regulator is disabled, BOR remains ‘0’ at all times. See Section 5.4.1 “Detecting
BOR” for more information.
3: Brown-out Reset is said to have occurred when BOR is ‘0’ and POR is ‘1’ (assuming that POR was set to
‘1’ by software immediately after a Power-on Reset).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 65
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5.2 Master Clear (MCLR)
The MCLR pin provides a method for triggering a hard
external Reset of the device. A Reset is generated by
holding the pin low. PIC18 extended microcontroller
devices have a noise filter in the MCLR Reset path
which detects and ignores small pulses.
The MCLR pin is not driven low by any internal Resets,
including the WDT.
5.3 Power- on Reset (POR)
A Power-on Reset condition is generated on-chip
whenever VDD rises above a certain threshold. This
allows the device to start in the initialized state when
VDD is adequate for operation.
To take advantage of the POR circuitry, tie the MCLR
pin through a resistor (1 k to 10 k) to VDD. This will
eliminate external RC components usually needed to
create a Power-on Reset delay. A minimum rise rate for
VDD is specified (Parameter D004). For a slow rise
time, see Figure 5-2.
When the device starts normal operation (i.e., exits the
Reset condition), device operating parameters
(voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to
ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the
device must be held in Reset until the operating
conditions are met.
POR events are captured by the POR bit (RCON<1>).
The state of the bit is set to ‘0’ whenever a Power-on
Reset occurs; it does not change for any other Reset
event. POR is not reset to ‘1’ by any hardware event.
To capture multiple events, the user manually resets
the bit to ‘1’ in software following any Power-on Reset.
5.4 Brown-out Reset (BOR)
The PIC18F97J60 family of devices incorporates a
simple BOR function when the internal regulator is
enabled (ENVREG pin is tied to VDD). Any drop of VDD
below VBOR (Parameter D005), for greater than time,
TBOR (Parameter 35), will reset the device. A Reset
may or may not occur if VDD falls below VBOR for less
than TBOR. The chip will remain in Brown-out Reset
until VDD rises above VBOR.
Once a BOR has occurred, the Power-up Timer will
keep the chip in Reset for TPWRT (Parameter 33). If
VDD drops below VBOR while the Power-up Timer is
running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset
and the Power-up Timer will be initialized. Once VDD
rises above VBOR, the Power-up Timer will execute the
additional time delay.
FIGURE 5-2: EXTERNAL POWER-ON
RESET CIRCUIT (FOR
SLOW VDD POWER-UP)
5.4.1 DETECTING BOR
The BOR bit always resets to ‘0’ on any Brown-out
Reset or Power-on Reset event. This makes it difficult
to determine if a Brown-out Reset event has occurred
just by reading the state of BOR alone. A more reliable
method is to simultaneously check the state of both
POR and BOR. This assumes that the POR bit is reset
to ‘1’ in software immediately after any Power-on Reset
event. If BOR is ‘0’ while POR is ‘1’, it can be reliably
assumed that a Brown-out Reset event has occurred.
If the voltage regulator is disabled, Brown-out Reset
functionality is disabled. In this case, the BOR bit
cannot be used to determine a Brown-out Reset event.
The BOR bit is still cleared by a Power-on Reset event.
5.5 Conf iguration Mismatch (CM)
The Configuration Mismatch (CM) Reset is designed to
detect and attempt to recover from random, memory
corrupting events. These include Electrostatic
Discharge (ESD) events which can cause widespread
single-bit changes throughout the device and result in
catastrophic failure.
In PIC18FXXJ Flash devices, the device Configuration
registers (located in the configuration memory space)
are continuously monitored during operation by com-
paring their values to complimentary shadow registers.
If a mismatch is detected between the two sets of
registers, a CM Reset automatically occurs. These
events are captured by the CM bit (RCON<5>). The
state of the bit is set to ‘0’ whenever a CM event occurs;
it does not change for any other Reset event.
Note 1: External Power-on Reset circuit is required
only if the VDD power-up slope is too slow.
The diode, D, helps discharge the capacitor
quickly when VDD powers down.
2: R < 40 k is recommended to make sure that
the voltage drop across R does not violate
the device’s electrical specification.
3: R1 1 k will limit any current flowing into
MCLR from external capacitor, C, in the event
of MCLR/VPP pin breakdown, due to
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), or Electrical
Overstress (EOS).
C
R1(3)
R(2)
D(1)
VDD
MCLR
PIC18FXXJ6X
VDD
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 66 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
A CM Reset behaves similarly to a Master Clear Reset,
RESET instruction, WDT time-out or Stack Event Reset.
As with all hard and power Reset events, the device
Configuration Words are reloaded from the Flash Con-
figuration Words in program memory as the device
restarts.
5.6 Power- up Timer (PWRT)
PIC18F97J60 family of devices incorporates an
on-chip Power-up Timer (PWRT) to help regulate the
Power-on Reset process. The PWRT is always
enabled. The main function is to ensure that the device
voltage is stable before code is executed.
The Power-up Timer (PWRT) of the PIC18F97J60 fam-
ily devices is an 11-bit counter which uses the INTRC
source as the clock input. This yields an approximate
time interval of 2048 x 32 s = 66 ms. While the PWRT
is counting, the device is held in Reset.
The power-up time delay depends on the INTRC clock
and will vary from chip-to-chip due to temperature and
process variation. See DC Parameter 33 for details.
5.6.1 TIME-OUT SEQUENCE
The PWRT time-out is invoked after the POR pulse has
cleared. The total time-out will vary based on the status
of the PWRT. Figure 5-3, Figure 5-4, Figure 5-5 and
Figure 5-6 all depict time-out sequences on power-up.
Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR
is kept low long enough, the PWRT will expire. Bringing
MCLR high will begin execution immediately
(Figure 5-5). This is useful for testing purposes or to
synchronize more than one PIC18FXXJ6X device
operating in parallel.
FIGURE 5-3: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE < TPWRT)
FIGURE 5-4: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1
TPWRT
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
PWRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
TPWRT
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
PWRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 67
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 5-5: TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2
FIGURE 5-6: SLOW RISE TIME (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE > TPWRT)
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
PWRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
TPWRT
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
PWRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
0V 1V
3.3V
TPWRT
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DS39762F-page 68 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
5.7 Reset State of Registers
Most registers are unaffected by a Reset. Their status
is unknown on POR and unchanged by all other
Resets. The other registers are forced to a “Reset
state” depending on the type of Reset that occurred.
Most registers are not affected by a WDT wake-up
since this is viewed as the resumption of normal
operation. Status bits from the RCON register (CM, RI,
TO, PD, POR and BOR) are set or cleared differently in
different Reset situations, as indicated in Tab le 5 -1 .
These bits are used in software to determine the nature
of the Reset.
Table 5-2 describes the Reset states for all of the
Special Function Registers. These are categorized by
Power-on and Brown-out Resets, Master Clear and
WDT Resets, and WDT wake-ups.
TABLE 5-1: STATUS BITS, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND THE INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR
RCON REGISTER
Condition Program
Counter(1) RCON Register STKPTR Register
CM RI TO PD POR BOR STKFUL STKUNF
Power-on Reset 0000h 111100 0 0
RESET Instruction 0000h u0uuuu u u
Brown-out Reset 0000h 1111u0 u u
Configuration Mismatch Reset 0000h 0uuuuu u u
MCLR during power-managed
Run modes
0000h uu1uuu u u
MCLR during power-managed
Idle modes and Sleep mode
0000h uu10uu u u
MCLR during full-power
execution
0000h uuuuuu u u
Stack Full Reset (STVREN = 1) 0000h uuuuuu 1 u
Stack Underflow Reset
(STVREN = 1)
0000h uuuuuu u 1
Stack Underflow Error (not an
actual Reset, STVREN = 0)
0000h uuuuuu u 1
WDT time-out during full power
or power-managed Run modes
0000h uu0uuu u u
WDT time-out during
power-managed Idle or Sleep
modes
PC + 2 uu00uu u u
Interrupt exit from
power-managed modes
PC + 2 uuu0uu u u
Legend: u = unchanged
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt, and the GIEH or GIEL bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt
vector (0008h or 0018h).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 69
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS
Register Applicable Devices Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset,
RESET Instruction,
Stack Resets,
CM Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
TOSU PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---0 uuuu(1)
TOSH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(1)
TOSL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(1)
STKPTR PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 00-0 0000 uu-0 0000 uu-u uuuu(1)
PCLATU PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
PCLATH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
PCL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 PC + 2(2)
TBLPTRU PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
TBLPTRH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TBLPTRL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TABLAT PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
PRODH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PRODL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
INTCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 000x 0000 000u uuuu uuuu(3)
INTCON2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu(3)
INTCON3 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1100 0000 1100 0000 uuuu uuuu(3)
INDF0 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
POSTINC0 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
POSTDEC0 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
PREINC0 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
PLUSW0 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
FSR0H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu
FSR0L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
WREG PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
INDF1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
POSTINC1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
POSTDEC1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
PREINC1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
PLUSW1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
FSR1H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu
FSR1L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
BSR PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu
INDF2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
POSTINC2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
POSTDEC2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
PREINC2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
PLUSW2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X N/A N/A N/A
FSR2H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu
FSR2L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with
the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 70 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
STATUS PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---x xxxx ---u uuuu ---u uuuu
TMR0H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TMR0L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
T0CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
OSCCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0--- q-00 0--- q-00 u--- q-uu
ECON1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 00-- 0000 00-- uuuu uu--
WDTCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- ---0 ---- ---0 ---- ---u
RCON(4) PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0-q1 1100 0-uq qquu u-uu qquu
TMR1H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TMR1L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
T1CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 u0uu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TMR2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
PR2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
T2CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
SSP1BUF PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
SSP1ADD PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSP1STAT PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSP1CON1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSP1CON2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ADRESH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ADRESL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ADCON0 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0-00 0000 0-00 0000 u-uu uuuu
ADCON1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
ADCON2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0-00 0000 0-00 0000 u-uu uuuu
CCPR1H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR1L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCP1CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CCPR2H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR2L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCP2CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CCPR3H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR3L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCP3CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ECCP1AS PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CVRCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CMCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0111 0000 0111 uuuu uuuu
TMR3H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TMR3L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Register Applicable Devices Power-on R eset,
Brown-ou t Re set
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset,
RESET Instruction,
Stack Resets,
CM Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with
the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 71
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
T3CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PSPCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu ----
SPBRG1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
RCREG1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TXREG1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TXSTA1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0010 0000 0010 uuuu uuuu
RCSTA1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 000x 0000 000x uuuu uuuu
EECON2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
EECON1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 x00- ---0 x00- ---u uuu-
IPR3 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PIR3 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(3)
PIE3 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
IPR2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1-11 1111 1-11 uuuu u-uu
PIR2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0-00 0000 0-00 uuuu u-uu(3)
PIE2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0-00 0000 0-00 uuuu u-uu
IPR1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PIR1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu(3)
PIE1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MEMCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0-00 --00 0-00 --00 u-uu --uu
OSCTUNE PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu ----
TRISJ PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --11 ---- --11 ---- --uu ----
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISG PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---1 ---- ---1 ---- ---u ----
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---u uuuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISF PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 111- 1111 111- uuuu uuu-
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISE PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --11 1111 --11 1111 --uu uuuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISD PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- -111 ---- -111 ---- -uuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISC PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISB PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISA PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --11 1111 --11 1111 --uu uuuu
LATJ PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --xx ---- --uu ---- --uu ----
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
LATH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Register Applicable Devices Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset,
RESET Instruction,
Stack Resets,
CM Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with
the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 72 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
LATG PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---x ---- ---u ---- ---u ----
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---x xxxx ---u uuuu ---u uuuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
LATF PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxx- uuuu uuu- uuuu uuu-
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
LATE PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --xx xxxx --uu uuuu --uu uuuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
LATD PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- -xxx ---- -uuu ---- -uuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
LATC PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
LATB PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
LATA PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 00xx xxxx 00uu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTJ PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --xx ---- --uu ---- --uu ----
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTG PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---x ---- ---u ---- ---u ----
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---x xxxx ---u uuuu ---u uuuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 111x xxxx 111u uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTF PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X x000 000- x000 000- uuuu uuu-
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X x000 000- x000 000- uuuu uuu-
PORTE PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --xx xxxx --uu uuuu --uu uuuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTD PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- -xxx ---- -uuu ---- -uuu
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTC PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTB PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTA PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0-0x 0000 0-0u 0000 u-uu uuuu
SPBRGH1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
BAUDCON1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0100 0-00 0100 0-00 uuuu u-uu
SPBRGH2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
BAUDCON2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0100 0-00 0100 0-00 uuuu u-uu
ERDPTH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 1010 ---0 1010 ---u uuuu
ERDPTL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 0101 1111 0101 uuuu uuuu
ECCP1DEL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TMR4 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
PR4 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
T4CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
CCPR4H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR4L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Register Applicable Devices Power-on R eset,
Brown-ou t Re set
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset,
RESET Instruction,
Stack Resets,
CM Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with
the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 73
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
CCP4CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
CCPR5H PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR5L PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCP5CON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
SPBRG2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
RCREG2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TXREG2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TXSTA2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0010 0000 0010 uuuu uuuu
RCSTA2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 000x 0000 000x uuuu uuuu
ECCP3AS PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ECCP3DEL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ECCP2AS PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ECCP2DEL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSP2BUF PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
SSP2ADD PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSP2STAT PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSP2CON1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSP2CON2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EDATA PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
EIR PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -000 0-00 -000 0-00 -uuu u-uu
ECON2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 100- ---- 100- ---- uuu- ----
ESTAT PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -0-0 -000 -0-0 -000 -u-u -uuu
EIE PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -000 0-00 -000 0-00 -uuu u-uu
EDMACSH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EDMACSL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EDMADSTH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
EDMADSTL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EDMANDH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
EDMANDL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EDMASTH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
EDMASTL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ERXWRPTH
PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
ERXWRPTL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ERXRDPTH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0101 ---0 0101 ---u uuuu
ERXRDPTL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1010 1111 1010 uuuu uuuu
ERXNDH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---u uuuu
ERXNDL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
ERXSTH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0101 ---0 0101 ---u uuuu
ERXSTL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1111 1010 1111 1010 uuuu uuuu
TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Register Applicable Devices Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset,
RESET Instruction,
Stack Resets,
CM Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with
the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 74 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
ETXNDH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
ETXNDL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ETXSTH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
ETXSTL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EWRPTH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
EWRPTL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPKTCNT PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ERXFCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 1010 0001 1010 0001 uuuu uuuu
EPMOH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
EPMOL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMCSH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMCSL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMM7 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMM6 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMM5 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMM4 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMM3 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMM2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMM1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EPMM0 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EHT7 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EHT6 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EHT5 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EHT4 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EHT3 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EHT2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EHT1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EHT0 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MIRDH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MIRDL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MIWRH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MIWRL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MIREGADR PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
MICMD PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- --00 ---- --00 ---- --uu
MAMXFLH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0110 0000 0110 uuuu uuuu
MAMXFLL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Register Applicable Devices Power-on R eset,
Brown-ou t Re set
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset,
RESET Instruction,
Stack Resets,
CM Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with
the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 75
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
MAIPGH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
MAIPGL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
MABBIPG PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
MACON4 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X -000 --00 -000 --00 -uuu --uu
MACON3 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MACON1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
EPAUSH PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0001 0000 0001 0000 000u uuuu
EPAUSL PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
EFLOCON PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -uuu
MISTAT PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu
MAADR2 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MAADR1 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MAADR4 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MAADR3 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MAADR6 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
MAADR5 PIC18F6XJ6X PIC18F8XJ6X PIC18F9XJ6X 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
TABLE 5-2: INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
Register Applicable Devices Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
MCLR Reset,
WDT Reset,
RESET Instruction,
Stack Resets,
CM Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q = value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are updated with
the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 76 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 77
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
6.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION
There are two types of memory in PIC18 Flash
microcontroller devices:
• Program Memory
• Data RAM
As Harvard architecture devices, the data and program
memories use separate busses. This allows for
concurrent access of the two memory spaces.
Additional detailed information on the operation of the
Flash program memory is provided in Section 7.0
“Flash Program Memory”.
6.1 Program Memory Organization
PIC18 microcontrollers implement a 21-bit program
counter which is capable of addressing a 2-Mbyte
program memory space. Accessing a location between
the upper boundary of the physically implemented
memory and the 2-Mbyte address will return all ‘0’s (a
NOP instruction).
The entire PIC18F97J60 family offers three sizes of
on-chip Flash program memory, from 64 Kbytes (up
to 32,764 single-word instructions) to 128 Kbytes
(65,532 single-word instructions). The program mem-
ory maps for individual family members are shown in
Figure 6-1.
FIGURE 6-1: MEMORY MAPS FOR PIC18F97J60 FAMILY DEVICES
Note: Sizes of memory areas are not to scale. Sizes of program memory areas are enhanced to show detail.
Unimplemented
Read as ‘0’
Unimplemented
Read as ‘0’
Unimplemented
Read as ‘0’
000000h
1FFFFFh
01FFFFh
PIC18FX6J60 PIC18FX6J65 PIC18FX7J60
00FFFFh
017FFFh
PC<20:0>
Stack Level 1
Stack Level 31
CALL, CALLW , RCAL L,
RETURN, RETFIE, RETLW,
21
User Memory Space
On-Chip
Memory
On-Chip
Memory
On-Chip
Memory
ADDULNK, SU BUL NK
Config. Words
Config. Words
Config. Words
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 78 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
6.1.1 HARD MEMORY VECTORS
All PIC18 devices have a total of three hard-coded
return vectors in their program memory space. The
Reset vector address is the default value to which the
program counter returns on all device Resets; it is
located at 0000h.
PIC18 devices also have two interrupt vector
addresses for the handling of high-priority and
low-priority interrupts. The high-priority interrupt vector
is located at 0008h and the low-priority interrupt vector
is at 0018h. Their locations in relation to the program
memory map are shown in Figure 6-2.
FIGURE 6-2: HARD VECTOR AND
CONFIGURATION WORD
LOCATIONS FOR
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DEVICES
6.1.2 FLASH CONFIGURATION WORDS
Because the PIC18F97J60 family devices do not have
persistent configuration memory, the top four words of
on-chip program memory are reserved for configuration
information. On Reset, the configuration information is
copied into the Configuration registers.
The Configuration Words are stored in their program
memory location in numerical order, starting with the
lower byte of CONFIG1 at the lowest address and end-
ing with the upper byte of CONFIG4. For these devices,
only Configuration Words, CONFIG1 through
CONFIG3, are used; CONFIG4 is reserved. The actual
addresses of the Flash Configuration Words for
devices in the PIC18F97J60 family are shown in
Table 6-1. Their location in the memory map is shown
with the other memory vectors in Figure 6-2.
Additional details on the device Configuration Words
are provided in Secti on 25.1 “Configuration Bits”.
TABLE 6-1: FLASH CONFIGURATION
WORDS FOR PIC18F97J60
FAMILY DEVICES
Reset Vector
Low-Priority Interrupt Vector
0000h
0018h
On-Chip
Program Memory
High-Priority Interrupt Vector 0008h
1FFFFFh
(Top of Memory)
(Top of Memory-7)
Flash Configuration Words
Read as ‘0’
Legend: (Top of Memory) represents upper boundary
of on-chip program memory space (see
Figure 6-1 for device-specific values).
Shaded area represents unimplemented
memory. Areas are not shown to scale.
Device Program
Memory
(Kbytes)
Configuration
Word Addresses
PIC18F66J60
64 FFF8h to FFFFhPIC18F86J60
PIC18F96J60
PIC18F66J65
96 17FF8h to
17FFFh
PIC18F86J65
PIC18F96J65
PIC18F67J60
128 1FFF8h to
1FFFFh
PIC18F87J60
PIC18F97J60
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 79
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
6.1.3 PIC18F9XJ60/9XJ65 PROGRAM
MEMORY MODES
The 100-pin devices in this family can address up to a
total of 2 Mbytes of program memory. This is achieved
through the external memory bus. There are two
distinct operating modes available to the controllers:
• Microcontroller (MC)
• Extended Microcontroller (EMC)
The program memory mode is determined by setting
the EMB Configuration bits (CONFIG3L<5:4>), as
shown in Register 6-1. (Also see Section 25.1
“Configuration Bits” for additional details on the
device Configuration bits).
The program memory modes operate as follows:
•The Microcontroller Mode accesses only on-chip
Flash memory. Attempts to read above the top of
on-chip memory causes a read of all ‘0’s (a NOP
instruction).
The Microcontroller mode is also the only operating
mode available to 64-pin and 80-pin devices.
•The Extended Microcontroller Mode allows
access to both internal and external program
memories as a single block. The device can
access its entire on-chip program memory. Above
this, the device accesses external program
memory up to the 2-Mbyte program space limit.
Execution automatically switches between the
two memories as required.
The setting of the EMB Configuration bits also controls
the address bus width of the external memory bus. This
is covered in more detail in Section 8.0 “External
Memory Bus”.
In all modes, the microcontroller has complete access
to data RAM.
Figure 6-3 compares the memory maps of the different
program memory modes. The differences between
on-chip and external memory access limitations are
more fully explained in Table 6-2.
REGISTER 6-1: CONFIG3L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 LOW
R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 U-0 U-0 U-0
WAIT(1) BW(1) EMB1(1) EMB0(1) EASHFT(1) — — —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 7 WAIT: External Bus Wait Enable bit(1)
1 = Wait states for operations on external memory bus are disabled
0 = Wait states for operations on external memory bus are enabled and selected by MEMCON<5:4>
bit 6 BW: Data Bus Width Select bit(1)
1 = 16-Bit Data Width mode
0 = 8-Bit Data Width mode
bit 5-4 EMB<1:0>: External Memory Bus Configuration bits(1)
11 = Microcontroller mode, external bus disabled
10 = Extended Microcontroller mode,12-Bit Addressing mode
01 = Extended Microcontroller mode,16-Bit Addressing mode
00 = Extended Microcontroller mode, 20-Bit Addressing mode
bit 3 EASHFT: External Address Bus Shift Enable bit(1)
1 = Address shifting is enabled; address on external bus is offset to start at 000000h
0 = Address shifting is disabled; address on external bus reflects the PC value
bit 2-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Note 1: Implemented on 100-pin devices only.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 80 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
6.1.4 EXTENDED MICROCONTROLLER
MODE AND ADDRESS SHIFTING
By default, devices in Extended Microcontroller mode
directly present the program counter value on the
external address bus for those addresses in the range
of the external memory space. In practical terms, this
means addresses in the external memory device below
the top of on-chip memory are unavailable.
To avoid this, the Extended Microcontroller mode
implements an address shifting option to enable auto-
matic address translation. In this mode, addresses
presented on the external bus are shifted down by the
size of the on-chip program memory and are remapped
to start at 0000h. This allows the complete use of the
external memory device’s memory space.
FIGURE 6-3: MEMORY MAPS FOR PIC18F97J60 FAMILY PROGRAM MEMORY MODES
TABLE 6-2: MEMORY ACCESS FOR PIC18F9XJ60/9XJ65 PROGRAM MEMORY MODES
Operating Mod e
Internal Program Memory External Program Memory
Execution
From Table Read
From Table Write
To Execution
From Table Read
From Table Write
To
Microcontroller Yes Yes Yes No Access No Access No Access
Extended Microcontroller Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
External
Memory
On-Chip
Program
Memory
Microcontroller Mode(1)
000000h
On-Chip
Program
Memory
1FFFFFh
Reads
‘0’s
External On-Chip
Memory Memory
(Top of Memory)
(Top of Memory) + 1
Legend: (Top of Memory) represents upper boundary of on-chip program memory space (see Figure 6-1 for device-specific
values). Shaded areas represent unimplemented or inaccessible areas depending on the mode.
Note 1: This mode is the only available mode on 64-pin and 80-pin devices and the default on 100-pin devices.
2: These modes are only available in 100-pin devices.
Extended Microcontroller Mode(2)
000000h
1FFFFFh
(Top of Memory)
(Top of Memory) + 1 External
Memory
On-Chip
Program
Memory
000000h
1FFFFFh
(Top of Memory)
(Top of Memory) + 1
No
Access
Space
On-Chip
Memory
Space
External On-Chip
Memory Memory
Space
Mapped
to
External
Memory
Space
Space Space
Mapped
to
External
Memory
Space (Top of Memory)
Extended Microcontroller Mode
with Address Shifting(2)
1FFFFFh –
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6.1.5 PROGRAM COUNTER
The Program Counter (PC) specifies the address of the
instruction to fetch for execution. The PC is 21 bits wide
and is contained in three separate 8-bit registers. The
low byte, known as the PCL register, is both readable
and writable. The high byte, or PCH register, contains
the PC<15:8> bits; it is not directly readable or writable.
Updates to the PCH register are performed through the
PCLATH register. The upper byte is called PCU. This
register contains the PC<20:16> bits; it is also not
directly readable or writable. Updates to the PCU
register are performed through the PCLATU register.
The contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are transferred
to the program counter by any operation that writes to
the PCL. Similarly, the upper two bytes of the program
counter are transferred to PCLATH and PCLATU by an
operation that reads PCL. This is useful for computed
offsets to the PC (see Section 6.1.8.1 “Computed
GOTO”).
The PC addresses bytes in the program memory. To
prevent the PC from becoming misaligned with word
instructions, the Least Significant bit of PCL is fixed to
a value of ‘0’. The PC increments by 2 to address
sequential instructions in the program memory.
The CALL, RCALL, GOTO and program branch
instructions write to the program counter directly. For
these instructions, the contents of PCLATH and
PCLATU are not transferred to the program counter.
6.1.6 RETURN ADDRESS STACK
The return address stack allows any combination of up to
31 program calls and interrupts to occur. The PC is
pushed onto the stack when a CALL or RCALL instruction
is executed, or an interrupt is Acknowledged. The PC
value is pulled off the stack on a RETURN, RETLW or a
RETFIE instruction (and on ADDULNK and SUBULNK
instructions if the extended instruction set is enabled).
PCLATU and PCLATH are not affected by any of the
RETURN or CALL instructions.
The stack operates as a 31-word by 21-bit RAM and a
5-bit Stack Pointer, STKPTR. The stack space is not
part of either program or data space. The Stack Pointer
is readable and writable and the address on the top of
the stack is readable and writable through the
Top-of-Stack Special Function Registers. Data can also
be pushed to, or popped from the stack, using these
registers.
A CALL type instruction causes a push onto the stack.
The Stack Pointer is first incremented and the location
pointed to by the Stack Pointer is written with the
contents of the PC (already pointing to the instruction
following the CALL). A RETURN type instruction causes
a pop from the stack. The contents of the location
pointed to by the STKPTR are transferred to the PC
and then the Stack Pointer is decremented.
The Stack Pointer is initialized to ‘00000’ after all
Resets. There is no RAM associated with the location
corresponding to a Stack Pointer value of ‘00000’; this
is only a Reset value. Status bits indicate if the stack is
full, has overflowed or has underflowed.
6.1.6.1 Top-of-Stack Access
Only the top of the return address stack (TOS) is read-
able and writable. A set of three registers,
TOSU:TOSH:TOSL, holds the contents of the stack
location pointed to by the STKPTR register
(Figure 6-4). This allows users to implement a software
stack if necessary. After a CALL, RCALL or interrupt
(and ADDULNK and SUBULNK instructions if the
extended instruction set is enabled), the software can
read the pushed value by reading the
TOSU:TOSH:TOSL registers. These values can be
placed on a user-defined software stack. At return time,
the software can return these values to
TOSU:TOSH:TOSL and do a return.
The user must disable the Global Interrupt Enable bits
while accessing the stack to prevent inadvertent stack
corruption.
FIGURE 6-4: RETURN ADDRESS STACK A ND AS SOC IAT ED RE GIS T ERS
00011
001A34h
11111
11110
11101
00010
00001
00000
00010
Return Address Stack <20:0>
Top-o f-Stac k
000D58h
TOSLTOSHTOSU
34h1Ah00h
STKPTR<4:0>
Top-of-Stack Registers Stack Pointer
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DS39762F-page 82 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
6.1.6.2 Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR)
The STKPTR register (Register 6-2) contains the Stack
Pointer value, the STKFUL (Stack Full) status bit and
the STKUNF (Stack Underflow) status bit. The value of
the Stack Pointer can be 0 through 31. The Stack
Pointer increments before values are pushed onto the
stack and decrements after values are popped off the
stack. On Reset, the Stack Pointer value will be zero.
The user may read and write the Stack Pointer value.
This feature can be used by a Real-Time Operating
System (RTOS) for return stack maintenance.
After the PC is pushed onto the stack 31 times (without
popping any values off the stack), the STKFUL bit is
set. The STKFUL bit is cleared by software or by a
POR.
The action that takes place when the stack becomes
full depends on the state of the STVREN (Stack Over-
flow Reset Enable) Configuration bit. (Refer to
Section 25.1 “Configuration Bit s” for a description of
the device Configuration bits.) If STVREN is set
(default), the 31st push will push the (PC + 2) value
onto the stack, set the STKFUL bit and reset the
device. The STKFUL bit will remain set and the Stack
Pointer will be set to zero.
If STVREN is cleared, the STKFUL bit will be set on the
31st push and the Stack Pointer will increment to 31.
Any additional pushes will not overwrite the 31st push
and the STKPTR will remain at 31.
When the stack has been popped enough times to
unload the stack, the next pop returns a value of zero
to the PC, and sets the STKUNF bit, while the Stack
Pointer remains at zero. The STKUNF bit will remain
set until cleared by software or until a POR occurs.
6.1.6.3 PUSH and POP Instructions
Since the Top-of-Stack is readable and writable, the
ability to push values onto the stack and pull values off
the stack, without disturbing normal program execu-
tion, is a desirable feature. The PIC18 instruction set
includes two instructions, PUSH and POP, that permit
the TOS to be manipulated under software control.
TOSU, TOSH and TOSL can be modified to place data
or a return address on the stack.
The PUSH instruction places the current PC value onto
the stack. This increments the Stack Pointer and loads
the current PC value onto the stack.
The POP instruction discards the current TOS by
decrementing the Stack Pointer. The previous value
pushed onto the stack then becomes the TOS value.
Note: Returning a value of zero to the PC on an
underflow has the effect of vectoring the
program to the Reset vector, where the
stack conditions can be verified and
appropriate actions can be taken. This is
not the same as a Reset, as the contents
of the SFRs are not affected.
REGISTER 6-2: STKPTR: STACK POINTER REGISTER
R/C-0 R/C-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
STKFUL(1) STKUNF(1) — SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1 SP0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: C = Clearable bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 STKFUL: Stack Full Flag bit(1)
1 = Stack became full or overflowed
0 = Stack has not become full or overflowed
bit 6 STKUNF: Stack Underflow Flag bit(1)
1 = Stack underflow occurred
0 = Stack underflow did not occur
bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4-0 SP<4:0>: Stack Pointer Location bits
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 83
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6.1.6.4 Stack Full and Underflow Resets
Device Resets on stack overflow and stack underflow
conditions are enabled by setting the STVREN bit in
Configuration Register 1L. When STVREN is set, a full
or underflow condition will set the appropriate STKFUL
or STKUNF bit and then cause a device Reset. When
STVREN is cleared, a full or underflow condition will set
the appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit, but not cause
a device Reset. The STKFUL or STKUNF bit is cleared
by user software or a Power-on Reset.
6.1.7 FAST REGISTER STACK
A Fast Register Stack (FSR) is provided for the
STATUS, WREG and BSR registers to provide a “fast
return” option for interrupts. This stack is only one level
deep and is neither readable nor writable. It is loaded
with the current value of the corresponding register
when the processor vectors for an interrupt. All inter-
rupt sources will push values into the Stack registers.
The values in the registers are then loaded back into
the working registers if the RETFIE, FAST instruction
is used to return from the interrupt.
If both low and high-priority interrupts are enabled, the
Stack registers cannot be used reliably to return from
low-priority interrupts. If a high-priority interrupt occurs
while servicing a low-priority interrupt, the Stack
register values stored by the low-priority interrupt will
be overwritten. In these cases, users must save the key
registers in software during a low-priority interrupt.
If interrupt priority is not used, all interrupts may use the
Fast Register Stack for returns from interrupt. If no
interrupts are used, the Fast Register Stack can be
used to restore the STATUS, WREG and BSR registers
at the end of a subroutine call. To use the Fast Register
Stack for a subroutine call, a CALL label, FAST
instruction must be executed to save the STATUS,
WREG and BSR registers to the Fast Register Stack. A
RETURN, FAST instruction is then executed to restore
these registers from the Fast Register Stack.
Example 6-1 shows a source code example that uses
the Fast Register Stack during a subroutine call and
return.
EXAMPLE 6-1: FAST REGISTER STACK
CODE EXAMPLE
6.1.8 LOOK-UP TABLES IN PROGRAM
MEMORY
There may be programming situations that require the
creation of data structures, or look-up tables, in
program memory. For PIC18 devices, look-up tables
can be implemented in two ways:
• Computed GOTO
• Table Reads
6.1.8.1 Computed GOTO
A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset
to the program counter. An example is shown in
Example 6-2.
A look-up table can be formed with an ADDWF PCL
instruction and a group of RETLW nn instructions. The
W register is loaded with an offset into the table before
executing a call to that table. The first instruction of the
called routine is the ADDWF PCL instruction. The next
instruction executed will be one of the RETLW nn
instructions, that returns the value ‘nn’ to the calling
function.
The offset value (in WREG) specifies the number of
bytes that the program counter should advance and
should be multiples of 2 (LSb = 0).
In this method, only one data byte may be stored in
each instruction location and room on the return
address stack is required.
EXAMPLE 6-2: COMPUTED GOTO USING
AN OFFSET VALUE
6.1.8.2 Table Reads
A better method of storing data in program memory
allows two bytes of data to be stored in each instruction
location.
Look-up table data may be stored, two bytes per
program word, while programming. The Table Pointer
(TBLPTR) specifies the byte address and the Table
Latch (TABLAT) contains the data that is read from the
program memory. Data is transferred from program
memory, one byte at a time.
Table read operation is discussed further in
Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
CALL SUB1, FAST ;STATUS, WREG, BSR
;SAVED IN FAST REGISTER
;STACK
SUB1
RETURN FAST ;RESTORE VALUES SAVED
;IN FAST REGISTER STACK
MOVF OFFSET, W
CALL TABLE
ORG nn00h
TABLE ADDWF PCL
RETLW nnh
RETLW nnh
RETLW nnh
.
.
.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 84 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
6.2 PIC18 Instruction Cycle
6.2.1 CLOCKING SCHEME
The microcontroller clock input, whether from an
internal or external source, is internally divided by four
to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks
(Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). Internally, the program counter is
incremented on every Q1. The instruction is fetched
from the program memory and latched into the
Instruction Register (IR) during Q4. The instruction is
decoded and executed during the following Q1 through
Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow are
shown in Figure 6-5.
6.2.2 INSTRUCTION FLOW/PIPELINING
An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles, Q1
through Q4. The instruction fetch and execute are
pipelined in such a manner that a fetch takes one
instruction cycle, while the decode and execute take
another instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining,
each instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an
instruction causes the program counter to change
(e.g., GOTO), then two cycles are required to complete
the instruction (Example 6-3).
A fetch cycle begins with the Program Counter (PC)
incrementing in Q1.
In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched
into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This
instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2,
Q3 and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2
(operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write).
FIGURE 6-5: CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
EXAMPLE 6-3: INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
PC
OSC2/CLKO
(RC mode)
PC PC + 2 PC + 4
Fetch INST (PC)
Execute INST (PC – 2)
Fetch INST (PC + 2)
Execute INST (PC)
Fetch INST (PC + 4)
Execute INST (PC + 2)
Internal
Phase
Clock
All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction
is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
TCY0TCY1TCY2TCY3TCY4TCY5
1. MOVLW 55h Fetch 1 Execute 1
2. MOVWF PORTB Fetch 2 Execute 2
3. BRA SUB_1 Fetch 3 Execute 3
4. BSF PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP) Fetch 4 Flush (NOP)
5. Instruction @ address SUB_1 Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 85
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6.2.3 INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM
MEMORY
The program memory is addressed in bytes. Instruc-
tions are stored as two bytes or four bytes in program
memory. The Least Significant Byte (LSB) of an
instruction word is always stored in a program memory
location with an even address (LSb = 0). To maintain
alignment with instruction boundaries, the PC incre-
ments in steps of 2 and the LSb will always read ‘0’ (see
Section 6.1.5 “Program Counter”).
Figure 6-6 shows an example of how instruction words
are stored in the program memory.
The CALL and GOTO instructions have the absolute
program memory address embedded into the instruction.
Since instructions are always stored on word boundaries,
the data contained in the instruction is a word address.
The word address is written to PC<20:1> which
accesses the desired byte address in program memory.
Instruction #2 in Figure 6-6 shows how the instruction,
GOTO 0006h, is encoded in the program memory.
Program branch instructions, which encode a relative
address offset, operate in the same manner. The offset
value stored in a branch instruction represents the
number of single-word instructions that the PC will be
offset by. Section 26.0 “Instruction Set Summary”
provides further details of the instruction set.
FIGURE 6-6: INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM MEMORY
6.2.4 TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS
The standard PIC18 instruction set has four, two-word
instructions: CALL, MOVFF, GOTO and LSFR. In all
cases, the second word of the instructions always has
‘1111’ as its four Most Significant bits (MSbs); the other
12 bits are literal data, usually a data memory address.
The use of ‘1111’ in the 4 MSbs of an instruction
specifies a special form of NOP. If the instruction is
executed in proper sequence, immediately after the
first word, the data in the second word is accessed and
used by the instruction sequence. If the first word is
skipped, for some reason, and the second word is
executed by itself, a NOP is executed instead. This is
necessary for cases when the two-word instruction is
preceded by a conditional instruction that changes the
PC. Example 6-4 shows how this works.
EXAMPLE 6-4: TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS
Word Address
LSB = 1LSB = 0
Program Memory
Byte Locations
000000h
000002h
000004h
000006h
Instruction 1: MOVLW 055h 0Fh 55h 000008h
Instruction 2: GOTO 0006h EFh 03h 00000Ah
F0h 00h 00000Ch
Instruction 3: MOVFF 123h, 456h C1h 23h 00000Eh
F4h 56h 000010h
000012h
000014h
Note: See Section 6.5 “Program Memory and
the Extended Instruction Set” for
information on two-word instructions in
the extended instruction set.
CASE 1:
Object Code Source Code
0110 01 10 000 0 00 00 TSTFS Z R EG 1 ; is RAM lo ca ti on 0?
1100 0001 0010 0011 MOVFF REG1, REG2 ; No, skip this word
1111 0100 0101 0110 ; Execute this word as a NOP
0010 0100 0000 0000 ADDWF REG3 ; continue code
CASE 2:
Object Code Source Code
0110 01 10 000 0 00 00 TSTFSZ REG1 ; is RAM lo ca ti on 0?
1100 0001 0010 0011 MOVFF REG1, REG2 ; Yes , ex ec ut e th is wor d
1111 0100 0101 0110 ; 2nd word of instruction
0010 01 00 000 0 00 00 ADDWF REG3 ; con ti nu e co de
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6.3 Data Memory Organiz ation
The data memory in PIC18 devices is implemented as
static RAM. Each register in the data memory has a
12-bit address, allowing up to 4096 bytes of addressable
memory. The memory space is divided into 16 banks
that contain 256 bytes each. All of the PIC18F97J60
family devices implement all available banks and pro-
vide 3808 bytes of data memory available to the user.
Figure 6-7 shows the data memory organization for the
devices.
The data memory contains Special Function Registers
(SFRs) and General Purpose Registers (GPRs). The
SFRs are used for control and status of the controller
and peripheral functions, while GPRs are used for data
storage and scratchpad operations in the user’s
application. Any read of an unimplemented location will
read as ‘0’s.
The instruction set and architecture allow operations
across all banks. The entire data memory may be
accessed by Direct, Indirect or Indexed Addressing
modes. Addressing modes are discussed later in this
section.
To ensure that commonly used registers (most SFRs
and select GPRs) can be accessed in a single cycle,
PIC18 devices implement an Access Bank. This is a
256-byte memory space that provides fast access to
the majority of SFRs and the lower portion of GPR
Bank 0 without using the BSR. Sect ion 6.3.2 “Access
Bank” provides a detailed description of the Access
RAM.
6.3.1 BANK SELECT REGISTER
Large areas of data memory require an efficient
addressing scheme to make rapid access to any
address possible. Ideally, this means that an entire
address does not need to be provided for each read or
write operation. For PIC18 devices, this is accom-
plished with a RAM banking scheme. This divides the
memory space into 16 contiguous banks of 256 bytes.
Depending on the instruction, each location can be
addressed directly by its full 12-bit address, or an 8-bit
low-order address and a 4-bit Bank Pointer.
Most instructions in the PIC18 instruction set make use
of the Bank Pointer, known as the Bank Select Register
(BSR). This SFR holds the 4 Most Significant bits of a
location’s address; the instruction itself includes the
8 Least Significant bits (LSbs). Only the four lower bits
of the BSR are implemented (BSR3:BSR0). The upper
four bits are unused; they will always read ‘0’ and can-
not be written to. The BSR can be loaded directly by
using the MOVLB instruction.
The value of the BSR indicates the bank in data memory.
The 8 bits in the instruction show the location in the bank
and can be thought of as an offset from the bank’s lower
boundary. The relationship between the BSR’s value
and the bank division in data memory is shown in
Figure 6-8.
Since up to 16 registers may share the same low-order
address, the user must always be careful to ensure that
the proper bank is selected before performing a data
read or write. For example, writing what should be
program data to an 8-bit address of F9h, while the BSR
is 0Fh, will end up resetting the program counter.
While any bank can be selected, only those banks that
are actually implemented can be read or written to.
Writes to unimplemented banks are ignored, while
reads from unimplemented banks will return ‘0’s. Even
so, the STATUS register will still be affected as if the
operation was successful. The data memory map in
Figure 6-7 indicates which banks are implemented.
In the core PIC18 instruction set, only the MOVFF
instruction fully specifies the 12-bit address of the
source and target registers. This instruction ignores the
BSR completely when it executes. All other instructions
include only the low-order address as an operand and
must use either the BSR or the Access Bank to locate
their target registers.
Note: The operation of some aspects of data
memory is changed when the PIC18
extended instruction set is enabled. See
Section 6.6 “Data Memory and the
Extended Instruction Set” for more
information.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 87
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 6-7: DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18F97J60 FAMILY DEVICES
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 14
Bank 15
Data Memory Map
BSR<3:0>
= 0000
= 0001
= 1111
060h
05Fh
F60h
FFFh
00h
5Fh
60h
FFh
Access Bank
When a = 0:
The BSR is ignored and the
Access Bank is used.
The first 96 bytes are general
purpose RAM (from Bank 0).
The remaining 160 bytes are
Special Function Registers
(from Bank 15).
When a = 1:
The BSR specifies the bank
used by the instruction.
F5Fh
F00h
EFFh
1FFh
100h
0FFh
000h
Access RAM
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
GPR
GPR
SFR
Access RAM High
Access RAM Low
Bank 2
= 0010
(SFRs)
2FFh
200h
Bank 3
FFh
00h
GPR
FFh
= 0011
= 1101
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
4FFh
400h
5FFh
500h
3FFh
300h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
00h
GPR
GPR
= 0110
= 0111
= 1010
= 1100
= 1000
= 0101
= 1001
= 1011
= 0100 Bank 4
Bank 5
Bank 6
Bank 7
Bank 8
Bank 9
Bank 10
Bank 11
Bank 12
Bank 13
= 1110
6FFh
600h
7FFh
700h
8FFh
800h
9FFh
900h
AFFh
A00h
BFFh
B00h
CFFh
C00h
DFFh
D00h
E00h
Ethernet SFR
E7Fh
E80h
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 88 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 6-8: USE OF THE BANK SELECT REGISTER (DIRECT ADDRESSING)
6.3.2 ACCESS BANK
While the use of the BSR with an embedded 8-bit
address allows users to address the entire range of
data memory, it also means that the user must always
ensure that the correct bank is selected. Otherwise,
data may be read from or written to the wrong location.
This can be disastrous if a GPR is the intended target
of an operation but an SFR is written to instead.
Verifying and/or changing the BSR for each read or
write to data memory can become very inefficient.
To streamline access for the most commonly used data
memory locations, the data memory is configured with
an Access Bank, which allows users to access a
mapped block of memory without specifying a BSR.
The Access Bank consists of the first 96 bytes of
memory (00h-5Fh) in Bank 0 and the last 160 bytes of
memory (60h-FFh) in Bank 15. The lower block is
known as the “Access RAM” and is composed of
GPRs. The upper block is where the device’s SFRs are
mapped. These two areas are mapped contiguously in
the Access Bank and can be addressed in a linear
fashion by an 8-bit address (Figure 6-7).
The Access Bank is used by core PIC18 instructions
that include the Access RAM bit (the ‘a’ parameter in
the instruction). When ‘a’ is equal to ‘1’, the instruction
uses the BSR and the 8-bit address included in the
opcode for the data memory address. When ‘a’ is ‘0’,
however, the instruction is forced to use the Access
Bank address map; the current value of the BSR is
ignored entirely.
Using this “forced” addressing allows the instruction to
operate on a data address in a single cycle without
updating the BSR first. For 8-bit addresses of 60h and
above, this means that users can evaluate and operate
on SFRs more efficiently. The Access RAM below 60h
is a good place for data values that the user might need
to access rapidly, such as immediate computational
results or common program variables. Access RAM
also allows for faster and more code efficient context
saving and switching of variables.
The mapping of the Access Bank is slightly different
when the extended instruction set is enabled (XINST
Configuration bit = 1). This is discussed in more detail
in Section 6.6.3 “Mapping the Access Bank in
Indexed Literal Offset Mode”.
6.3.3 GENERAL PURPOSE
REGISTER FILE
PIC18 devices may have banked memory in the GPR
area. This is data RAM which is available for use by all
instructions. GPRs start at the bottom of Bank 0
(address 000h) and grow upwards towards the bottom
of the SFR area. GPRs are not initialized by a
Power-on Reset and are unchanged on all other
Resets.
Note 1: The Access RAM bit of the instruction can be used to force an override of the selected bank (BSR3:BSR0)
to the registers of the Access Bank.
2: The MOVFF instruction embeds the entire 12-bit address in the instruction.
Data Memory
Bank Select(2)
70
From Opcode(2)
0000
000h
100h
200h
300h
F00h
E00h
FFFh
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 14
Bank 15
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
FFh
Bank 3
through
Bank 13
0010 11111111
70
BSR(1)
11111111
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 89
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
6.3.4 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers
used by the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling
the desired operation of the device. These registers are
implemented as static RAM.
The main group of SFRs start at the top of data memory
(FFFh) and extend downward to occupy more than the
top half of Bank 15 (F60h to FFFh). These SFRs can
be classified into two sets: those associated with the
“core” device functionality (ALU, Resets and interrupts)
and those related to the peripheral functions. The
Reset and Interrupt registers are described in their
respective chapters, while the ALU’s STATUS register
is described later in this section. Registers related to
the operation of the peripheral features are described
in the chapter for that peripheral.
The SFRs are typically distributed among the
peripherals whose functions they control. Unused SFR
locations are unimplemented and read as ‘0’s. A list of
SFRs is given in Table 6-3; a full description is provided
in Table 6-5.
TABLE 6-3: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER MAP FOR PIC18F97J 60 FAMILY DEVICES
Address Name Address Name Address Name Address Name Address Name
FFFh TOSU FDFh INDF2(1) FBFh CCPR1H F9Fh IPR1 F7Fh SPBRGH1
FFEh TOSH FDEh POSTINC2(1) FBEh CCPR1L F9Eh PIR1 F7Eh BAUDCON1
FFDh TOSL FDDh POSTDEC2(1) FBDh CCP1CON F9Dh PIE1 F7Dh SPBRGH2
FFCh STKPTR FDCh PREINC2(1) FBCh CCPR2H F9Ch MEMCON(4) F7Ch BAUDCON2
FFBh PCLATU FDBh PLUSW2(1) FBBh CCPR2L F9Bh OSCTUNE F7Bh ERDPTH
FFAh PCLATH FDAh FSR2H FBAh CCP2CON F9Ah TRISJ(3) F7Ah ERDPTL
FF9h PCL FD9h FSR2L FB9h CCPR3H F99h TRISH(3) F79h ECCP1DEL
FF8h TBLPTRU FD8h STATUS FB8h CCPR3L F98h TRISG F78h TMR4
FF7h TBLPTRH FD7h TMR0H FB7h CCP3CON F97h TRISF F77h PR4
FF6h TBLPTRL FD6h TMR0L FB6h ECCP1AS F96h TRISE F76h T4CON
FF5h TABLAT FD5h T0CON FB5h CVRCON F95h TRISD F75h CCPR4H
FF4h PRODH FD4h —(2) FB4h CMCON F94h TRISC F74h CCPR4L
FF3h PRODL FD3h OSCCON FB3h TMR3H F93h TRISB F73h CCP4CON
FF2h INTCON FD2h ECON1 FB2h TMR3L F92h TRISA F72h CCPR5H
FF1h INTCON2 FD1h WDTCON FB1h T3CON F91h LATJ(3) F71h CCPR5L
FF0h INTCON3 FD0h RCON FB0h PSPCON F90h LATH(3) F70h CCP5CON
FEFh INDF0(1) FCFh TMR1H FAFh SPBRG1 F8Fh LATG F6Fh SPBRG2
FEEh POSTINC0(1) FCEh TMR1L FAEh RCREG1 F8Eh LATF F6Eh RCREG2
FEDh POSTDEC0(1) FCDh T1CON FADh TXREG1 F8Dh LATE F6Dh TXREG2
FECh PREINC0(1) FCCh TMR2 FACh TXSTA1 F8Ch LATD F6Ch TXSTA2
FEBh PLUSW0(1) FCBh PR2 FABh RCSTA1 F8Bh LATC F6Bh RCSTA2
FEAh FSR0H FCAh T2CON FAAh —(2) F8Ah LATB F6Ah ECCP3AS
FE9h FSR0L FC9h SSP1BUF FA9h —(2) F89h LATA F69h ECCP3DEL
FE8h WREG FC8h SSP1ADD FA8h —(2) F88h PORTJ(3) F68h ECCP2AS
FE7h INDF1(1) FC7h SSP1STAT FA7h EECON2(1) F87h PORTH(3) F67h ECCP2DEL
FE6h POSTINC1(1) FC6h SSP1CON1 FA6h EECON1 F86h PORTG F66h SSP2BUF
FE5h POSTDEC1(1) FC5h SSP1CON2 FA5h IPR3 F85h PORTF F65h SSP2ADD
FE4h PREINC1(1) FC4h ADRESH FA4h PIR3 F84h PORTE F64h SSP2STAT
FE3h PLUSW1(1) FC3h ADRESL FA3h PIE3 F83h PORTD F63h SSP2CON1
FE2h FSR1H FC2h ADCON0 FA2h IPR2 F82h PORTC F62h SSP2CON2
FE1h FSR1L FC1h ADCON1 FA1h PIR2 F81h PORTB F61h EDATA
FE0h BSR FC0h ADCON2 FA0h PIE2 F80h PORTA F60h EIR
Note 1: This is not a physical register.
2: Unimplemented registers are read as ‘0’.
3: This register is not available in 64-pin devices.
4: This register is not available in 64 and 80-pin devices.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 90 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
6.3.5 ETHERNET SFRs
In addition to the standard SFR set in Bank 15,
members of the PIC18F97J60 family have a second
set of SFRs. This group, associated exclusively with
the Ethernet module, occupies the top half of Bank 14
(E80h to EFFh). A complete list of Ethernet SFRs is given in Ta b le 6 - 4 .
All SFRs are fully described in Ta bl e 6 - 5 .
Note: To improve performance, frequently
accessed Ethernet registers are located in
the standard SFR bank (F60h through
FFFh).
TABLE 6-4: ETHERNET SFR MAP FOR PIC18F97J60 FAMILY DEVICES
Address Name Address Name Address Name Address Name
EFFh —(1) EDFh —(1) EBFh —(1) E9Fh —(1)
EFEh ECON2 EDEh —(1) EBEh —(1) E9Eh —(1)
EFDh ESTAT EDDh —(1) EBDh —(1) E9Dh —(1)
EFCh —(1) EDCh —(1) EBCh —(1) E9Ch —(1)
EFBh EIE EDBh —(1) EBBh —(1) E9Bh —(1)
EFAh —(1) EDAh —(1) EBAh —(1) E9Ah —(1)
EF9h —(2) ED9h EPKTCNT EB9h MIRDH E99h EPAUSH
EF8h —(2) ED8h ERXFCON EB8h MIRDL E98h EPAUSL
EF7h EDMACSH ED7h —(1) EB7h MIWRH E97h EFLOCON
EF6h EDMACSL ED6h —(1) EB6h MIWRL E96h —(2)
EF5h EDMADSTH ED5h EPMOH EB5h —(1) E95h —(2)
EF4h EDMADSTL ED4h EPMOL EB4h MIREGADR E94h —(2)
EF3h EDMANDH ED3h —(2) EB3h —(2) E93h —(2)
EF2h EDMANDL ED2h —(2) EB2h MICMD E92h —(2)
EF1h EDMASTH ED1h EPMCSH EB1h —(1) E91h —(2)
EF0h EDMASTL ED0h EPMCSL EB0h —(1) E90h —(2)
EEFh ERXWRPTH ECFh EPMM7 EAFh —(2) E8Fh —(2)
EEEh ERXWRPTL ECEh EPMM6 EAEh —(1) E8Eh —(2)
EEDh ERXRDPTH ECDh EPMM5 EADh —(1) E8Dh —(2)
EECh ERXRDPTL ECCh EPMM4 EACh —(1) E8Ch —(2)
EEBh ERXNDH ECBh EPMM3 EABh MAMXFLH E8Bh —(2)
EEAh ERXNDL ECAh EPMM2 EAAh MAMXFLL E8Ah MISTAT
EE9h ERXSTH EC9h EPMM1 EA9h —(1) E89h —(1)
EE8h ERXSTL EC8h EPMM0 EA8h —(1) E88h —(1)
EE7h ETXNDH EC7h EHT7 EA7h MAIPGH E87h —(1)
EE6h ETXNDL EC6h EHT6 EA6h MAIPGL E86h —(1)
EE5h ETXSTH EC5h EHT5 EA5h —(2) E85h MAADR2
EE4h ETXSTL EC4h EHT4 EA4h MABBIPG E84h MAADR1
EE3h EWRPTH EC3h EHT3 EA3h MACON4 E83h MAADR4
EE2h EWRPTL EC2h EHT2 EA2h MACON3 E82h MAADR3
EE1h —(1) EC1h EHT1 EA1h —(1) E81h MAADR6
EE0h —(1) EC0h EHT0 EA0h MACON1 E80h MAADR5
Note 1: Reserved register location; do not modify.
2: Unimplemented registers are read as ‘0’.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 91
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 6-5: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F97J60 FAMILY)
File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 V alues on
POR, BOR Details on
Page:
TOSU — — — Top-of-Stack Register Upper Byte (TOS<20:16>) ---0 0000 69, 81
TOSH Top-of-Stack Register High Byte (TOS<15:8>) 0000 0000 69, 81
TOSL Top-of-Stack Register Low Byte (TOS<7:0>) 0000 0000 69, 81
STKPTR STKFUL(1) STKUNF(1) — SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1 SP0 00-0 0000 69, 82
PCLATU ——bit 21
(2) Holding Register for PC<20:16> ---0 0000 69, 81
PCLATH Holding Register for PC<15:8> 0000 0000 69, 81
PCL PC Low Byte (PC<7:0>) 0000 0000 69, 81
TBLPTRU —— bit 21 Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TBLPTR<20:16>) --00 0000 69, 108
TBLPTRH Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>) 0000 0000 69, 108
TBLPTRL Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>) 0000 0000 69, 108
TABLAT Program Memory Table Latch 0000 0000 69, 108
PRODH Product Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 69, 127
PRODL Product Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 69, 127
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 0000 000x 69, 131
INTCON2 RBPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 INTEDG3 TMR0IP INT3IP RBIP 1111 1111 69, 132
INTCON3 INT2IP INT1IP INT3IE INT2IE INT1IE INT3IF INT2IF INT1IF 1100 0000 69, 133
INDF0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 69, 99
POSTINC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
POSTDEC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
PREINC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
PLUSW0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –
value of FSR0 offset by W
N/A 69, 100
FSR0H — — — — Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0 High Byte ---- xxxx 69, 99
FSR0L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 69, 100
WREG Working Register xxxx xxxx 69
INDF1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 69, 99
POSTINC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
POSTDEC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
PREINC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
PLUSW1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –
value of FSR1 offset by W
N/A 69, 100
FSR1H — — — — Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1 High Byte ---- xxxx 69, 99
FSR1L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 69, 99
BSR — — — — Bank Select Register ---- 0000 69, 99
INDF2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 not changed (not a physical register) N/A 69, 99
POSTINC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 post-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
POSTDEC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 post-decremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
PREINC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) N/A 69, 100
PLUSW2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –
value of FSR2 offset by W
N/A 69, 100
FSR2H — — — — Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2 High Byte ---- xxxx 69, 99
FSR2L Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 69, 99
Legend: x = unknown; u = unchanged; - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’; q = value depends on condition; r = reserved bit, do not modify. Shaded cells
are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.
2: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
3: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
4: Alternate names and definitions for these bits when the MSSP module is operating in I2C™ Slave mode.
5: These bits and/or registers are only available in 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values shown
apply only to 100-pin devices.
6: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices. In 64-pin devices, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset
values are shown for 100-pin devices.
7: In Microcontroller mode, the bits in this register are unwritable and read as ‘0’.
8: PLLEN is only available when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator mode is selected; otherwise, read as ‘0’.
9: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 92 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
STATUS — — —NOVZDCC---x xxxx 70, 97
TMR0H Timer0 Register High Byte 0000 0000 70, 171
TMR0L Timer0 Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 171
T0CON TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0 1111 1111 70, 171
OSCCON IDLEN — — —OSTS
(3) — SCS1 SCS0 0--- q-00 70, 53
ECON1 TXRST RXRST DMAST CSUMEN TXRTS RXEN — — 0000 00-- 70, 227
WDTCON — — — — — — —SWDTEN--- ---0 70, 368
RCON IPEN —CMRI TO PD POR BOR 0-q1 1100 70, 64, 143
TMR1H Timer1 Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 175
TMR1L Timer1 Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 175
T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 0000 0000 70, 175
TMR2 Timer2 Register 0000 0000 70, 180
PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 70, 180
T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 70, 180
SSP1BUF MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 70, 279
SSP1ADD MSSP1 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode), MSSP1 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode) 0000 0000 70, 279
SSP1STAT SMP CKE D/A PSR/WUA BF 0000 0000 70, 270,
280
SSP1CON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 70, 271,
281
SSP1CON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN 0000 0000 70, 282
GCEN ACKSTAT ADMSK5(4) ADMSK4(4) ADMSK3(4) ADMSK2(4) ADMSK1(4) SEN
ADRESH A/D Result Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 347
ADRESL A/D Result Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 347
ADCON0 ADCAL — CHS3 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON 0-00 0000 70, 339
ADCON1 —— VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 --00 0000 70, 340
ADCON2 ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 0-00 0000 70, 341
CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 193
CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 193
CCP1CON P1M1 P1M0 DC1B1 DC1B0 CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 0000 0000 70, 198
CCPR2H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 High Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 193
CCPR2L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 193
CCP2CON P2M1 P2M0 DC2B1 DC2B0 CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 0000 0000 70, 198
CCPR3H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3 High Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 193
CCPR3L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 3 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 193
CCP3CON P3M1 P3M0 DC3B1 DC3B0 CCP3M3 CCP3M2 CCP3M1 CCP3M0 0000 0000 70, 198
ECCP1AS ECCP1ASE ECCP1AS2 ECCP1AS1 ECCP1AS0 PSS1AC1 PSS1AC0 PSS1BD1 PSS1BD0 0000 0000 70, 212
CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 0000 0000 70, 355
CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 0000 0111 70, 349
TMR3H Timer3 Register High Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 183
TMR3L Timer3 Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx 70, 183
TABLE 6-5: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F97J60 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)
File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 V alues on
POR, BOR Details on
Page:
Legend: x = unknown; u = unchanged; - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’; q = value depends on condition; r = reserved bit, do not modify. Shaded cells
are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.
2: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
3: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
4: Alternate names and definitions for these bits when the MSSP module is operating in I2C™ Slave mode.
5: These bits and/or registers are only available in 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values shown
apply only to 100-pin devices.
6: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices. In 64-pin devices, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset
values are shown for 100-pin devices.
7: In Microcontroller mode, the bits in this register are unwritable and read as ‘0’.
8: PLLEN is only available when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator mode is selected; otherwise, read as ‘0’.
9: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 93
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
T3CON RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 0000 0000 71, 183
PSPCON(5) IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — — — — 0000 ---- 71, 169
SPBRG1 EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 0000 0000 71, 320
RCREG1 EUSART1 Receive Register 0000 0000 71, 327
TXREG1 EUSART1 Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 71, 329
TXSTA1 CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 0010 71, 320
RCSTA1 SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 71, 320
EECON2 Program Memory Control Register (not a physical register) ---- ---- 71, 106
EECON1 — — — FREE WRERR WREN WR —---0 x00- 71, 107
IPR3 SSP2IP(5) BCL2IP(5) RC2IP(6) TX2IP(6) TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 1111 1111 71, 142
PIR3 SSP2IF(5) BCL2IF(5) RC2IF(6) TX2IF(6) TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 0000 0000 71, 136
PIE3 SSP2IE(5) BCL2IE(5) RC2IE(6) TX2IE(6) TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 0000 0000 71, 139
IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP ETHIP rBCL1IP— TMR3IP CCP2IP 1111 1-11 71, 141
PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF ETHIF rBCL1IF— TMR3IF CCP2IF 0000 0-00 71, 135
PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE ETHIE rBCL1IE— TMR3IE CCP2IE 0000 0-00 71, 138
IPR1 PSPIP(9) ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 1111 1111 71, 140
PIR1 PSPIF(9) ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 71, 134
PIE1 PSPIE(9) ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 71, 137
MEMCON(5,7) EBDIS —WAIT1WAIT0——WM1WM00-00 --00 71, 116
OSCTUNE PPST1 PLLEN(8) PPST0 PPRE — — — — 0000 ---- 71, 51
TRISJ(6) TRISJ7(5) TRISJ6(5) TRISJ5(6) TRISJ4(6) TRISJ3(5) TRISJ2(5) TRISJ1(5) TRISJ0(5) 1111 1111 71, 167
TRISH(6) TRISH7(6) TRISH6(6) TRISH5(6) TRISH4(6) TRISH3(6) TRISH2(6) TRISH1(6) TRISH0(6) 1111 1111 71, 165
TRISG TRISG7(5) TRISG6(5) TRISG5(5) TRISG4 TRISG3(6) TRISG2(6) TRISG1(6) TRISG0(6) 1111 1111 71, 163
TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 TRISF0(5) 1111 1111 71, 161
TRISE TRISE7(6) TRISE6(6) TRISE5 TRISE4 TRISE3 TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0 1111 1111 71, 159
TRISD TRISD7(5) TRISD6(5) TRISD5(5) TRISD4(5) TRISD3(5) TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 1111 1111 71, 156
TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4TRISC3TRISC2TRISC1TRISC01111 1111 71, 153
TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 1111 1111 71, 150
TRISA —— TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 --11 1111 71, 147
LATJ(6) LATJ7(5) LATJ6(5) LATJ5(6) LATJ4(6) LATJ3(5) LATJ2(5) LATJ1(5) LATJ0(5) xxxx xxxx 71, 167
LATH(6) LATH7(6) LATH6(6) LATH5(6) LATH4(6) LATH3(6) LATH2(6) LATH1(6) LATH0(6) xxxx xxxx 71, 165
LATG LATG7(5) LATG6(5) LATG5(5) LATG4 LATG3(6) LATG2(6) LATG1(6) LATG0(6) xxxx xxxx 72, 163
LATF LATF7 LATF6 LATF5 LATF4 LATF3 LATF2 LATF1 LATF0(5) xxxx xxxx 72, 161
LATE LATE7(6) LATE6(6) LATE5 LATE4 LATE3 LATE2 LATE1 LATE0 xxxx xxxx 72, 159
LATD LATD7(5) LATD6(5) LATD5(5) LATD4(5) LATD3(5) LATD2 LATD1 LATD0 xxxx xxxx 72, 156
LATC LATC7 LATC6 LATC5 LATC4 LATC3 LATC2 LATC1 LATC0 xxxx xxxx 72, 153
LATB LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 LATB3 LATB2 LATB1 LATB0 xxxx xxxx 72, 150
LATA RDPU REPU LATA5 LATA4 LATA3 LATA2 LATA1 LATA0 00xx xxxx 72, 147
PORTJ(6) RJ7(5) RJ6(5) RJ5(6) RJ4(6) RJ3(5) RJ2(5) RJ1(5) RJ0(5) xxxx xxxx 72, 167
PORTH(6) RH7(6) RH6(6) RH5(6) RH4(6) RH3(6) RH2(6) RH1(6) RH0(6) 0000 xxxx 72, 165
PORTG RG7(5) RG6(5) RG5(5) RG4 RG3(6) RG2(6) RG1(6) RG0(6) 111x xxxx 72, 163
TABLE 6-5: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F97J60 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)
File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 V alues on
POR, BOR Details on
Page:
Legend: x = unknown; u = unchanged; - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’; q = value depends on condition; r = reserved bit, do not modify. Shaded cells
are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.
2: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
3: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
4: Alternate names and definitions for these bits when the MSSP module is operating in I2C™ Slave mode.
5: These bits and/or registers are only available in 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values shown
apply only to 100-pin devices.
6: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices. In 64-pin devices, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset
values are shown for 100-pin devices.
7: In Microcontroller mode, the bits in this register are unwritable and read as ‘0’.
8: PLLEN is only available when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator mode is selected; otherwise, read as ‘0’.
9: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
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DS39762F-page 94 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTF RF7 RF6 RF5 RF4 RF3 RF2 RF1 RF0(5) 0000 0000 72, 161
PORTE RE7(6) RE6(6) RE5 RE4 RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 xxxx xxxx 72, 159
PORTD RD7(5) RD6(5) RD5(5) RD4(5) RD3(5) RD2 RD1 RD0 xxxx xxxx 72, 156
PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 xxxx xxxx 72, 153
PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx 72, 150
PORTA RJPU(6) — RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 0-0x 0000 72, 147
SPBRGH1 EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 0000 0000 72, 320
BAUDCON1 ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 0100 0-00 72, 318
SPBRGH2 EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 0000 0000 72, 320
BAUDCON2 ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 0100 0-00 72, 318
ERDPTH — — — Buffer Read Pointer High Byte ---0 0101 72, 223
ERDPTL Buffer Read Pointer Low Byte 1111 1010 72, 223
ECCP1DEL P1RSEN P1DC6 P1DC5 P1DC4 P1DC3 P1DC2 P1DC1 P1DC0 0000 0000 72, 211
TMR4 Timer4 Register 0000 0000 72, 187
PR4 Timer4 Period Register 1111 1111 72, 187
T4CON — T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0 -000 0000 72, 187
CCPR4H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte xxxx xxxx 72, 193
CCPR4L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 72, 193
CCP4CON —— DC4B1 DC4B0 CCP4M3 CCP4M2 CCP4M1 CCP4M0 --00 0000 73, 189
CCPR5H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte xxxx xxxx 73, 193
CCPR5L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte xxxx xxxx 73, 193
CCP5CON —— DC5B1 DC5B0 CCP5M3 CCP5M2 CCP5M1 CCP5M0 --00 0000 73, 189
SPBRG2 EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 0000 0000 73, 320
RCREG2 EUSART2 Receive Register 0000 0000 73, 327
TXREG2 EUSART2 Transmit Register 0000 0000 73, 329
TXSTA2 CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 0000 0010 73, 316
RCSTA2 SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 0000 000x 73, 317
ECCP3AS ECCP3ASE ECCP3AS2 ECCP3AS1 ECCP3AS0 PSS3AC1 PSS3AC0 PSS3BD1 PSS3BD0 0000 0000 73, 212
ECCP3DEL P3RSEN P3DC6 P3DC5 P3DC4 P3DC3 P3DC2 P3DC1 P3DC0 0000 0000 73, 211
ECCP2AS ECCP2ASE ECCP2AS2 ECCP2AS1 ECCP2AS0 PSS2AC1 PSS2AC0 PSS2BD1 PSS2BD0 0000 0000 73, 212
ECCP2DEL P2RSEN P2DC6 P2DC5 P2DC4 P2DC3 P2DC2 P2DC1 P2DC0 0000 0000 73, 211
SSP2BUF MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx 73, 279
SSP2ADD MSSP2 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode), MSSP2 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode) 0000 0000 73, 279
SSP2STAT SMP CKE D/A PSR/WUA BF 0000 0000 73, 270
SSP2CON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 73, 271,
281
SSP2CON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN 0000 0000 73, 282
GCEN ACKSTAT ADMSK5(4) ADMSK4(4) ADMSK3(4) ADMSK2(4) ADMSK1(4) SEN
EDATA Ethernet Transmit/Receive Buffer Register (EDATA<7:0>) xxxx xxxx 73, 223
EIR — PKTIF DMAIF LINKIF TXIF — TXERIF RXERIF -000 0-00 73, 241
ECON2 AUTOINC PKTDEC ETHEN — — — — — 100- ---- 73, 228
TABLE 6-5: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F97J60 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)
File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 V alues on
POR, BOR Details on
Page:
Legend: x = unknown; u = unchanged; - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’; q = value depends on condition; r = reserved bit, do not modify. Shaded cells
are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.
2: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
3: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
4: Alternate names and definitions for these bits when the MSSP module is operating in I2C™ Slave mode.
5: These bits and/or registers are only available in 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values shown
apply only to 100-pin devices.
6: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices. In 64-pin devices, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset
values are shown for 100-pin devices.
7: In Microcontroller mode, the bits in this register are unwritable and read as ‘0’.
8: PLLEN is only available when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator mode is selected; otherwise, read as ‘0’.
9: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 95
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
ESTAT —BUFER — r — RXBUSY TXABRT PHYRDY -0-0 -000 73, 228
EIE — PKTIE DMAIE LINKIE TXIE — TXERIE RXERIE -000 0-00 73, 240
EDMACSH DMA Checksum Register High Byte 0000 0000 73, 265
EDMACSL DMA Checksum Register Low Byte 0000 0000 73, 265
EDMADSTH — — — DMA Destination Register High Byte ---0 0000 73, 265
EDMADSTL DMA Destination Register Low Byte 0000 0000 73, 265
EDMANDH — — — DMA End Register High Byte ---0 0000 73, 265
EDMANDL DMA End Register Low Byte 0000 0000 73, 265
EDMASTH — — — DMA Start Register High Byte ---0 0000 73, 265
EDMASTL DMA Start Register Low Byte 0000 0000 73, 265
ERXWRPTH — — — Receive Buffer Write Pointer High Byte ---0 0000 73, 225
ERXWRPTL Receive Buffer Write Pointer Low Byte 0000 0000 73, 225
ERXRDPTH — — — Receive Buffer Read Pointer High Byte ---0 0101 73, 225
ERXRDPTL Receive Buffer Read Pointer Low Byte 1111 1010 73, 225
ERXNDH — — — Receive End Register High Byte ---1 1111 73, 225
ERXNDL Receive End Register Low Byte 1111 1111 73, 225
ERXSTH — — — Receive Start Register High Byte ---0 0101 73, 225
ERXSTL Receive Start Register Low Byte 1111 1010 73, 225
ETXNDH — — — Transmit End Register High Byte ---0 0000 74, 226
ETXNDL Transmit End Register Low Byte 0000 0000 74, 226
ETXSTH — — — Transmit Start Register High Byte ---0 0000 74, 226
ETXSTL Transmit Start Register Low Byte 0000 0000 74, 226
EWRPTH — — — Buffer Write Pointer High Byte ---0 0000 74, 223
EWRPTL Buffer Write Pointer Low Byte 0000 0000 74, 223
EPKTCNT Ethernet Packet Count Register 0000 0000 74, 252
ERXFCON UCEN ANDOR CRCEN PMEN MPEN HTEN MCEN BCEN 1010 0001 74, 260
EPMOH — — — Pattern Match Offset Register High Byte ---0 0000 74, 263
EPMOL Pattern Match Offset Register Low Byte 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMCSH Pattern Match Checksum Register High Byte 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMCSL Pattern Match Checksum Register Low Byte 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMM7 Pattern Match Mask Register Byte 7 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMM6 Pattern Match Mask Register Byte 6 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMM5 Pattern Match Mask Register Byte 5 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMM4 Pattern Match Mask Register Byte 4 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMM3 Pattern Match Mask Register Byte 3 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMM2 Pattern Match Mask Register Byte 2 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMM1 Pattern Match Mask Register Byte 1 0000 0000 74, 263
EPMM0 Pattern Match Mask Register Byte 0 0000 0000 74, 263
TABLE 6-5: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F97J60 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)
File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 V alues on
POR, BOR Details on
Page:
Legend: x = unknown; u = unchanged; - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’; q = value depends on condition; r = reserved bit, do not modify. Shaded cells
are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.
2: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
3: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
4: Alternate names and definitions for these bits when the MSSP module is operating in I2C™ Slave mode.
5: These bits and/or registers are only available in 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values shown
apply only to 100-pin devices.
6: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices. In 64-pin devices, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset
values are shown for 100-pin devices.
7: In Microcontroller mode, the bits in this register are unwritable and read as ‘0’.
8: PLLEN is only available when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator mode is selected; otherwise, read as ‘0’.
9: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
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DS39762F-page 96 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
EHT7 Hash Table Register Byte 7 0000 0000 74, 259
EHT6 Hash Table Register Byte 6 0000 0000 74, 259
EHT5 Hash Table Register Byte 5 0000 0000 74, 259
EHT4 Hash Table Register Byte 4 0000 0000 74, 259
EHT3 Hash Table Register Byte 3 0000 0000 74, 259
EHT2 Hash Table Register Byte 2 0000 0000 74, 259
EHT1 Hash Table Register Byte 1 0000 0000 74, 259
EHT0 Hash Table Register Byte 0 0000 0000 74, 259
MIRDH MII Read Data Register High Byte 0000 0000 74, 232
MIRDL MII Read Data Register Low Byte 0000 0000 74, 232
MIWRH MII Write Data Register High Byte 0000 0000 74, 232
MIWRL MII Write Data Register Low Byte 0000 0000 74, 232
MIREGADR — — — MII Address Register ---0 0000 74, 232
MICMD — — — — — — MIISCAN MIIRD ---- --00 74, 231
MAMXFLH Maximum Frame Length Register High Byte 0000 0110 74, 245
MAMXFLL Maximum Frame Length Register Low Byte 0000 0000 74, 245
MAIPGH — MAC Non Back-to-Back Inter-Packet Gap Register High Byte -000 0000 75, 245
MAIPGL — MAC Non Back-to-Back Inter-Packet Gap Register Low Byte -000 0000 75, 245
MABBIPG — BBIPG6 BBIPG5 BBIPG4 BBIPG3 BBIPG2 BBIPG1 BBIPG0 -000 0000 75, 246
MACON4 — DEFER r r — — r r -000 --00 75, 231
MACON3 PADCFG2 PADCFG1 PADCFG0 TXCRCEN PHDREN HFRMEN FRMLNEN FULDPX 0000 0000 75, 230
MACON1 — — — r TXPAUS RXPAUS PASSALL MARXEN ---0 0000 75, 229
EPAUSH Pause Timer Value Register High Byte 0001 0000 75, 258
EPAUSL Pause Timer Value Register Low Byte 0000 0000 75, 258
EFLOCON — — — — — r FCEN1 FCEN0 ---- -000 75, 258
MISTAT — — — — r NVALID SCAN BUSY ---- 0000 75, 232
MAADR2 MAC Address Register Byte 2 (MAADR<39:32>), OUI Byte 2 0000 0000 75, 245
MAADR1 MAC Address Register Byte 1 (MAADR<47:40>), OUI Byte 1 0000 0000 75, 245
MAADR4 MAC Address Register Byte 4 (MAADR<23:16>) 0000 0000 75, 245
MAADR3 MAC Address Register Byte 3 (MAADR<31:24>), OUI Byte 3 0000 0000 75, 245
MAADR6 MAC Address Register Byte 6 (MAADR<7:0>) 0000 0000 75, 245
MAADR5 MAC Address Register Byte 5 (MAADR<15:8>) 0000 0000 75, 245
TABLE 6-5: REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F97J60 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)
File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 V alues on
POR, BOR Details on
Page:
Legend: x = unknown; u = unchanged; - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’; q = value depends on condition; r = reserved bit, do not modify. Shaded cells
are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.
2: Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
3: Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
4: Alternate names and definitions for these bits when the MSSP module is operating in I2C™ Slave mode.
5: These bits and/or registers are only available in 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values shown
apply only to 100-pin devices.
6: These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices. In 64-pin devices, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset
values are shown for 100-pin devices.
7: In Microcontroller mode, the bits in this register are unwritable and read as ‘0’.
8: PLLEN is only available when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator mode is selected; otherwise, read as ‘0’.
9: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 97
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
6.3.6 STATUS REGISTER
The STATUS register, shown in Register 6-3, contains
the arithmetic status of the ALU. The STATUS register
can be the operand for any instruction, as with any
other register. If the STATUS register is the destination
for an instruction that affects the Z, DC, C, OV or N bits,
then the write to these five bits is disabled.
These bits are set or cleared according to the device
logic. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the
STATUS register as destination may be different than
intended. For example, CLRF STATUS will set the Z bit
but leave the other bits unchanged. The STATUS
register then reads back as ‘000u u1uu’. It is recom-
mended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF, MOVFF
and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the STATUS
register because these instructions do not affect the Z,
C, DC, OV or N bits in the STATUS register.
For other instructions not affecting any Status bits, see
the instruction set summaries in Table 26-2 and
Table 26-3.
Note: The C and DC bits operate as a Borrow
and Digit Borrow bit respectively, in
subtraction.
REGISTER 6-3: STATUS REGISTER
U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x
— — —NOVZDC
(1) C(2)
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4 N: Negative bit
This bit is used for signed arithmetic (2’s complement). It indicates whether the result was negative
(ALU MSb = 1).
1 = Result was negative
0 = Result was positive
bit 3 OV: Overflow bit
This bit is used for signed arithmetic (2’s complement). It indicates an overflow of the 7-bit magnitude
which causes the sign bit (bit 7 of the result) to change state.
1 = Overflow occurred for signed arithmetic (in this arithmetic operation)
0 = No overflow occurred
bit 2 Z: Zero bit
1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is non-zero
bit 1 DC: Digit Carry/Borrow bit(1)
For ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW and SUBWF instructions:
1 = A carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result
bit 0 C: Carry/Borrow bit(2)
For ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLW and SUBWF instructions:
1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
Note 1: For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the 2’s complement of the second
operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either bit 4 or bit 3 of the source register.
2: For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the 2’s complement of the second
operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high or low-order bit of the
source register.
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DS39762F-page 98 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
6.4 Data Addressing Modes
While the program memory can be addressed in only
one way, through the program counter, information in
the data memory space can be addressed in several
ways. For most instructions, the addressing mode is
fixed. Other instructions may use up to three modes,
depending on which operands are used and whether or
not the extended instruction set is enabled.
The addressing modes are:
• Inherent
• Literal
•Direct
•Indirect
An additional addressing mode, Indexed Literal Offset,
is available when the extended instruction set is
enabled (XINST Configuration bit = 1). Its operation is
discussed in greater detail in Section 6.6.1 “Indexed
Addressing with Literal Offset”.
6.4.1 INHERENT AND LITERAL
ADDRESSING
Many PIC18 control instructions do not need any
argument at all. They either perform an operation that
globally affects the device, or they operate implicitly on
one register. This addressing mode is known as Inherent
Addressing. Examples include SLEEP, RESET and DAW.
Other instructions work in a similar way, but require an
additional explicit argument in the opcode. This is
known as Literal Addressing mode because they
require some literal value as an argument. Examples
include ADDLW and MOVLW, which respectively, add or
move a literal value to the W register. Other examples
include CALL and GOTO, which include a 20-bit
program memory address.
6.4.2 DIRECT ADDRESSING
Direct Addressing mode specifies all or part of the
source and/or destination address of the operation
within the opcode itself. The options are specified by
the arguments accompanying the instruction.
In the core PIC18 instruction set, bit-oriented and
byte-oriented instructions use some version of Direct
Addressing by default. All of these instructions include
some 8-bit literal address as their Least Significant
Byte. This address specifies either a register address in
one of the banks of data RAM (Sectio n 6.3.3 “Gener al
Purpose Register File”) or a location in the Access
Bank (Section 6.3.2 “Access Bank”) as the data
source for the instruction.
The Access RAM bit, ‘a’, determines how the address
is interpreted. When ‘a’ is ‘1’, the contents of the BSR
(Section 6.3.1 “Bank Sel ect Register” ) are used with
the address to determine the complete 12-bit address
of the register. When ‘a’ is ‘0’, the address is interpreted
as being a register in the Access Bank. Addressing that
uses the Access RAM is sometimes also known as
Direct Forced Addressing mode.
A few instructions, such as MOVFF, include the entire
12-bit address (either source or destination) in their
opcodes. In these cases, the BSR is ignored entirely.
The destination of the operation’s results is determined
by the destination bit, ‘d’. When ‘d’ is ‘1’, the results are
stored back in the source register, overwriting its origi-
nal contents. When ‘d’ is ‘0’, the results are stored in
the W register. Instructions without the ‘d’ argument
have a destination that is implicit in the instruction.
Their destination is either the target register being
operated on or the W register.
6.4.3 INDIRECT ADDRESSING
Indirect Addressing mode allows the user to access a
location in data memory without giving a fixed address
in the instruction. This is done by using File Select
Registers (FSRs) as pointers to the locations to be read
or written to. Since the FSRs are themselves located in
RAM as Special Function Registers, they can also be
directly manipulated under program control. This
makes FSRs very useful in implementing data
structures, such as tables and arrays in data memory.
The registers for Indirect Addressing are also
implemented with Indirect File Operands (INDFs) that
permit automatic manipulation of the pointer value with
auto-incrementing, auto-decrementing or offsetting
with another value. This allows for efficient code using
loops, such as the example of clearing an entire RAM
bank in Example 6-5. It also enables users to perform
Indexed Addressing and other Stack Pointer
operations for program memory in data memory.
EXAMPLE 6-5: HOW TO CLEAR RAM
(BANK 1) USING IND IRECT
ADDRESSING
Note: The execution of some instructions in the
core PIC18 instruction set are changed
when the PIC18 extended instruction set is
enabled. See Section 6.6 “Data Memory
and the Extended Instruction Set” for
more information.
LFSRFSR0, 100h;
NEXT CLRFPOSTINC0; Clear INDF
; register then
; inc pointer
BTFSSFSR0H, 1; All done with
; Bank1?
BRA NEXT ; NO, clear next
CONTINUE ; YES, continue
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 99
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6.4.3.1 FSR Registers and the
INDF Operand
At the core of Indirect Addressing are three sets of
registers: FSR0, FSR1 and FSR2. Each represents a
pair of 8-bit registers: FSRnH and FSRnL. The four
upper bits of the FSRnH register are not used, so each
FSR pair holds a 12-bit value. This represents a value
that can address the entire range of the data memory
in a linear fashion. The FSR register pairs, then, serve
as pointers to data memory locations.
Indirect Addressing is accomplished with a set of Indirect
File Operands: INDF0 through INDF2. These can be
thought of as “virtual” registers. They are mapped in the
SFR space but are not physically implemented. Reading
or writing to a particular INDF register actually accesses
its corresponding FSR register pair. A read from INDF1,
for example, reads the data at the address indicated by
FSR1H:FSR1L. Instructions that use the INDF registers
as operands actually use the contents of their
corresponding FSR as a pointer to the instruction’s
target. The INDF operand is just a convenient way of
using the pointer.
Because Indirect Addressing uses a full, 12-bit
address, data RAM banking is not necessary. Thus, the
current contents of the BSR and Access RAM bit have
no effect on determining the target address.
FIGURE 6-9: INDIRECT ADDRESSING
FSR1H:FSR1L
0
7
Data Memory
000h
100h
200h
300h
F00h
E00h
FFFh
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 14
Bank 15
Bank 3
through
Bank 13
ADDWF, INDF1, 1
07
Using an instruction with one of the
Indirect Addressing registers as the
operand....
...uses the 12-bit address stored in
the FSR pair associated with that
register....
...to determine the data memory
location to be used in that operation.
In this case, the FSR1 pair contains
FCCh. This means the contents of
location FCCh will be added to that
of the W register and stored back in
FCCh.
xxxx1111 11001100
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DS39762F-page 100 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
6.4.3.2 FSR Registers and POSTINC,
POSTDEC, PREINC and PLUSW
In addition to the INDF operand, each FSR register pair
also has four additional indirect operands. Like INDF,
these are “virtual” registers that cannot be indirectly
read or written to. Accessing these registers actually
accesses the associated FSR register pair, but also
performs a specific action on its stored value. They are:
• POSTDEC: accesses the FSR value, then
automatically decrements it by ‘1’ afterwards
• POSTINC: accesses the FSR value, then
automatically increments it by ‘1’ afterwards
• PREINC: increments the FSR value by ‘1’, then
uses it in the operation
• PLUSW: adds the signed value of the W register
(range of -128 to 127) to that of the FSR and uses
the new value in the operation
In this context, accessing an INDF register uses the
value in the FSR registers without changing them.
Similarly, accessing a PLUSW register gives the FSR
value offset by the value in the W register; neither value
is actually changed in the operation. Accessing the
other virtual registers changes the value of the FSR
registers.
Operations on the FSRs with POSTDEC, POSTINC
and PREINC affect the entire register pair; that is, roll-
overs of the FSRnL register, from FFh to 00h, carry
over to the FSRnH register. On the other hand, results
of these operations do not change the value of any
flags in the STATUS register (e.g., Z, N, OV, etc.).
The PLUSW register can be used to implement a form
of Indexed Addressing in the data memory space. By
manipulating the value in the W register, users can
reach addresses that are fixed offsets from pointer
addresses. In some applications, this can be used to
implement some powerful program control structure,
such as software stacks, inside of data memory.
6.4.3.3 Operations by FSRs on FSRs
Indirect Addressing operations that target other FSRs, or
virtual registers, represent special cases. For example,
using an FSR to point to one of the virtual registers will
not result in successful operation. As a specific case,
assume that the FSR0H:FSR0L pair contains FE7h, the
address of INDF1. Attempts to read the value of the
INDF1, using INDF0 as an operand, will return 00h.
Attempts to write to INDF1, using INDF0 as the operand,
will result in a NOP.
On the other hand, using the virtual registers to write to
an FSR pair may not occur as planned. In these cases,
the value will be written to the FSR pair but without any
incrementing or decrementing. Thus, writing to INDF2
or POSTDEC2 will write the same value to the
FSR2H:FSR2L pair.
Since the FSRs are physical registers mapped in the
SFR space, they can be manipulated through all direct
operations. Users should proceed cautiously when
working on these registers, particularly if their code
uses Indirect Addressing.
Similarly, operations by Indirect Addressing are gener-
ally permitted on all other SFRs. Users should exercise
the appropriate caution that they do not inadvertently
change settings that might affect the operation of the
device.
6.5 Program Memory and the
Extended Instruct ion Set
The operation of program memory is unaffected by the
use of the extended instruction set.
Enabling the extended instruction set adds five
additional two-word commands to the existing PIC18
instruction set: ADDFSR, CALLW, MOVSF, MOVSS and
SUBFSR. These instructions are executed as described
in Section 6.2.4 “Two-Word Instructions”.
6.6 Data Memory and the Extended
Instruction Set
Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set (XINST
Configuration bit = 1) significantly changes certain
aspects of data memory and its addressing. Specifically,
the use of the Access Bank for many of the core PIC18
instructions is different. This is due to the introduction of
a new addressing mode for the data memory space.
This mode also alters the behavior of Indirect
Addressing using FSR2 and its associated operands.
What does not change is just as important. The size of
the data memory space is unchanged, as well as its
linear addressing. The SFR map remains the same.
Core PIC18 instructions can still operate in both Direct
and Indirect Addressing mode; inherent and literal
instructions do not change at all. Indirect Addressing
with FSR0 and FSR1 also remains unchanged.
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6.6.1 INDEXED ADDRESSING WITH
LITERAL OFFSET
Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set changes
the behavior of Indirect Addressing using the FSR2
register pair and its associated file operands. Under the
proper conditions, instructions that use the Access
Bank – that is, most bit-oriented and byte-oriented
instructions – can invoke a form of Indexed Addressing
using an offset specified in the instruction. This special
addressing mode is known as Indexed Addressing with
Literal Offset or Indexed Literal Offset mode.
When using the extended instruction set, this
addressing mode requires the following:
• The use of the Access Bank is forced (‘a’ = 0);
and
• The file address argument is less than or equal to
5Fh.
Under these conditions, the file address of the
instruction is not interpreted as the lower byte of an
address (used with the BSR in Direct Addressing) or as
an 8-bit address in the Access Bank. Instead, the value
is interpreted as an offset value to an Address Pointer
specified by FSR2. The offset and the contents of
FSR2 are added to obtain the target address of the
operation.
6.6.2 INSTRUCTIONS AFFECTED BY
INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE
Any of the core PIC18 instructions that can use Direct
Addressing are potentially affected by the Indexed Literal
Offset Addressing mode. This includes all byte-oriented
and bit-oriented instructions, or almost half of the
standard PIC18 instruction set. Instructions that only use
Inherent or Literal Addressing modes are unaffected.
Additionally, byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions
are not affected if they use the Access Bank (Access
RAM bit is ‘1’) or include a file address of 60h or above.
Instructions meeting these criteria will continue to
execute as before. A comparison of the different possible
addressing modes when the extended instruction set is
enabled is shown in Figure 6-10.
Those who desire to use byte-oriented or bit-oriented
instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset mode should
note the changes to assembler syntax for this mode.
This is described in more detail in Section 26.2.1
“Extended Instruction Syntax”.
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FIGURE 6-10: COMPARING ADDRESSING OPTIONS FOR BIT-ORIENTED AND
BYTE-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS (EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET ENABLED)
EXAMPLE INSTRUCTION: ADDWF, f, d, a (Opcode: 0010 01da ffff ffff
When a = 0 and f 60h:
The instruction executes in
Direct Forced mode. ‘f’ is
interpreted as a location in the
Access RAM between 060h
and FFFh. This is the same as
locations F60h to FFFh
(Bank 15) of data memory.
Locations below 060h are not
available in this addressing
mode.
When a = 0 and f5Fh:
The instruction executes in
Indexed Literal Offset mode. ‘f’
is interpreted as an offset to the
address value in FSR2. The
two are added together to
obtain the address of the target
register for the instruction. The
address can be anywhere in
the data memory space.
Note that in this mode, the
correct syntax is now:
ADDWF [k], d
where ‘k’ is the same as ‘f’.
When a = 1 (all values of f):
The instruction executes in
Direct mode (also known as
Direct Long mode). ‘f’ is
interpreted as a location in
one of the 16 banks of the data
memory space. The bank is
designated by the Bank Select
Register (BSR). The address
can be in any implemented
bank in the data memory
space.
000h
060h
100h
F00h
F40h
FFFh
Valid Range
00h
60h
FFh
Data Memory
Access RAM
Bank 0
Bank 1
through
Bank 14
Bank 15
SFRs
000h
060h
100h
F00h
F40h
FFFh Data Memory
Bank 0
Bank 1
through
Bank 14
Bank 15
SFRs
FSR2H FSR2L
ffffffff001001da
ffffffff001001da
000h
060h
100h
F00h
F40h
FFFh Data Memory
Bank 0
Bank 1
through
Bank 14
Bank 15
SFRs
for ‘f’
BSR
00000000
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6.6.3 MAPPING THE ACCESS BANK IN
INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE
The use of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
effectively changes how the lower part of Access RAM
(00h to 5Fh) is mapped. Rather than containing just the
contents of the bottom part of Bank 0, this mode maps
the contents from Bank 0 and a user-defined “window”
that can be located anywhere in the data memory
space. The value of FSR2 establishes the lower
boundary of the addresses mapped into the window,
while the upper boundary is defined by FSR2 plus 95
(5Fh). Addresses in the Access RAM above 5Fh are
mapped as previously described (see Section 6.3.2
“Access Bank”). An example of Access Bank
remapping in this addressing mode is shown in
Figure 6-11.
Remapping of the Access Bank applies only to opera-
tions using the Indexed Literal Offset mode. Operations
that use the BSR (Access RAM bit is ‘1’) will continue
to use Direct Addressing as before. Any indirect or
indexed operation that explicitly uses any of the indirect
file operands (including FSR2) will continue to operate
as standard Indirect Addressing. Any instruction that
uses the Access Bank, but includes a register address
of greater than 05Fh, will use Direct Addressing and
the normal Access Bank map.
6.6.4 BSR IN INDEXED LITERAL
OFFSET MODE
Although the Access Bank is remapped when the
extended instruction set is enabled, the operation of the
BSR remains unchanged. Direct Addressing, using the
BSR to select the data memory bank, operates in the
same manner as previously described.
FIGURE 6-11: REMAPPING THE ACCESS BANK WITH INDEXED LITERAL
OFFSET ADDRESSING
Data Memory
000h
100h
200h
F60h
F00h
FFFh
Bank 1
Bank 15
Bank 2
through
Bank 14
SFRs
05Fh
ADDWF f, d, a
FSR2H:FSR2L = 120h
Locations in the region
from the FSR2 Pointer
(120h) to the pointer plus
05Fh (17Fh) are mapped
to the bottom of the
Access RAM (000h-05Fh).
Special Function Registers
at F60h through FFFh are
mapped to 60h through
FFh, as usual.
Bank 0 addresses below
5Fh are not available in
this mode. They can still
be addressed by using the
BSR.
Access Bank
00h
FFh
Bank 0
SFRs
Bank 1 “Wind ow”
Not Accessible
Window
Example Situati on:
120h
17Fh
5Fh
60h
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7.0 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
The Flash program memory is readable, writable and
erasable during normal operation over the entire VDD
range.
A read from program memory is executed on one byte
at a time. A write to program memory is executed on
blocks of 64 bytes at a time. Program memory is
erased in blocks of 1024 bytes at a time. A Bulk Erase
operation may not be issued from user code.
Writing or erasing program memory will cease
instruction fetches until the operation is complete. The
program memory cannot be accessed during the write
or erase, therefore, code cannot execute. An internal
programming timer terminates program memory writes
and erases.
A value written to program memory does not need to be
a valid instruction. Executing a program memory
location that forms an invalid instruction results in a
NOP.
7.1 Table Reads and Table Writes
In order to read and write program memory, there are
two operations that allow the processor to move bytes
between the program memory space and the data RAM:
• Table Read (TBLRD)
• Table Write (TBLWT)
The program memory space is 16 bits wide, while the
data RAM space is 8 bits wide. Table reads and table
writes move data between these two memory spaces
through an 8-bit register (TABLAT).
Table read operations retrieve data from program
memory and place it into the data RAM space.
Figure 7-1 shows the operation of a table read with
program memory and data RAM.
Table write operations store data from the data memory
space into holding registers in program memory. The
procedure to write the contents of the holding registers
into program memory is detailed in Section 7.5 “W riting
to Flash Program Memory”. Figure 7-2 shows the
operation of a table write with program memory and data
RAM.
Table operations work with byte entities. A table block
containing data, rather than program instructions, is not
required to be word-aligned. Therefore, a table block can
start and end at any byte address. If a table write is being
used to write executable code into program memory,
program instructions will need to be word-aligned.
FIGURE 7-1: TABLE READ OPER ATION
Table Pointer(1)
Table Latch (8-bit)
Program Memory
TBLPTRH TBLPTRL
TABLAT
TBLPTRU
Instruction: TBLRD*
Note 1: The Table Pointer register points to a byte in program memory.
Program Memory
(TBLPTR)
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FIGURE 7-2: TABLE WRITE OPERATION
7.2 Control Registers
Several control registers are used in conjunction with
the TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These include the:
• EECON1 register
• EECON2 register
• TABLAT register
• TBLPTR registers
7.2.1 EECON1 AND EECON2 REGISTERS
The EECON1 register (Register 7-1) is the control
register for memory accesses. The EECON2 register is
not a physical register; it is used exclusively in the
memory write and erase sequences. Reading
EECON2 will read all ‘0’s.
The FREE bit, when set, will allow a program memory
erase operation. When FREE is set, the erase
operation is initiated on the next WR command. When
FREE is clear, only writes are enabled.
The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation.
On power-up, the WREN bit is clear. The WRERR bit is
set in hardware when the WR bit is set, and cleared
when the internal programming timer expires and the
write operation is complete.
The WR control bit initiates write operations. The bit
cannot be cleared, only set, in software; it is cleared in
hardware at the completion of the write operation.
Table Pointer(1) Table Latch (8-bit)
TBLPTRH TBLPTRL TABLAT
Program Memory
(TBLPTR)
TBLPTRU
Instruction: TBLWT*
Note 1: The Table Pointer actually points to one of 64 holding registers, the address of which is determined by
TBLPTRL<5:0>. The process for physically writing data to the program memory array is discussed in
Section 7.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.
Holding Registers
Program Memory
Note: During normal operation, the WRERR is
read as ‘1’. This can indicate that a write
operation was prematurely terminated by
a Reset, or a write operation was
attempted improperly.
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REGISTER 7-1: EECON1: EEPROM CONTROL REGISTER 1
U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-x R/W-0 R/S-0 U-0
— — — FREE WRERR WREN WR —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: S = Settable bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4 FREE: Flash Row Erase Enable bit
1 = Erase the program memory row addressed by TBLPTR on the next WR command (cleared by
completion of erase operation)
0 = Perform write-only
bit 3 WRERR: Flash Program Error Flag bit
1 = A write operation is prematurely terminated (any Reset during self-timed programming in normal
operation or an improper write attempt)
0 = The write operation completed
bit 2 WREN: Flash Program Write Enable bit
1 = Allows write cycles to Flash program memory
0 = Inhibits write cycles to Flash program memory
bit 1 WR: Write Control bit
1 = Initiates a program memory erase cycle or write cycle
(The operation is self-timed and the bit is cleared by hardware once the write is complete.
The WR bit can only be set (not cleared) in software.)
0 = Write cycle complete
bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
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7.2.2 TABLE LATCH REGISTER (TABLAT)
The Table Latch (TABLAT) is an 8-bit register mapped
into the SFR space. The Table Latch register is used to
hold 8-bit data during data transfers between program
memory and data RAM.
7.2.3 TABLE POINTER REGISTER
(TBLPTR)
The Table Pointer (TBLPTR) register addresses a byte
within the program memory. The TBLPTR is comprised
of three SFR registers: Table Pointer Upper Byte, Table
Pointer High Byte and Table Pointer Low Byte
(TBLPTRU:TBLPTRH:TBLPTRL). These three regis-
ters join to form a 22-bit wide pointer. The low-order
21 bits allow the device to address up to 2 Mbytes of
program memory space. The 22nd bit allows access to
the Device ID and Configuration bits.
The Table Pointer register, TBLPTR, is used by the
TBLRD and TBLWT instructions. These instructions can
update the TBLPTR in one of four ways based on the
table operation. These operations are shown in
Table 7-1. The table operations on the TBLPTR only
affect the low-order 21 bits.
7.2.4 TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES
TBLPTR is used in reads, writes and erases of the
Flash program memory.
When a TBLRD is executed, all 22 bits of the TBLPTR
determine which byte is read from program memory
into TABLAT.
When a TBLWT is executed, the six LSbs of the Table
Pointer register (TBLPTR<5:0>) determine which of
the 64 program memory holding registers is written to.
When the timed write to program memory begins (via
the WR bit), the 15 MSbs of the TBLPTR
(TBLPTR<20:6>) determine which program memory
block of 64 bytes is written to. For more detail, see
Section 7.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.
When an erase of program memory is executed, the
11 MSbs of the Table Pointer register (TBLPTR<20:10>)
point to the 1024-byte block that will be erased. The
Least Significant bits (TBLPTR<9:0>) are ignored.
Figure 7-3 describes the relevant boundaries of
TBLPTR based on Flash program memory operations.
TABLE 7-1: TABLE POINTER OPERATIONS WITH TBLRD AND TBLWT INSTRUCTIONS
FIGURE 7-3: TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES BASED ON OPERATION
Example Operation on Table Pointer
TBLRD*
TBLWT* TBLPTR is not modified
TBLRD*+
TBLWT*+ TBLPTR is incremented after the read/write
TBLRD*-
TBLWT*- TBLPTR is decremented after the read/write
TBLRD+*
TBLWT+* TBLPTR is incremented before the read/write
21 16 15 87 0
Table Write
Table Read – TBLPTR<21:0>
TBLPTRLTBLPTRHTBLPTRU
TBLPTR<20:6>
Table Erase
TBLPTR<20:10>
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7.3 Readi ng the Flash Program
Memory
The TBLRD instruction is used to retrieve data from
program memory and places it into data RAM. Table
reads from program memory are performed one byte at
a time.
TBLPTR points to a byte address in program space.
Executing TBLRD places the byte pointed to into
TABLAT. In addition, TBLPTR can be modified
automatically for the next table read operation.
The internal program memory is typically organized by
words. The Least Significant bit of the address selects
between the high and low bytes of the word. Figure 7-4
shows the interface between the internal program
memory and the TABLAT.
FIGURE 7-4: READS FROM FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
EXAMPLE 7-1: READING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WORD
(Even Byte Address)
Program Memory
(Odd Byte Address)
TBLRD TABLAT
TBLPTR = xxxxx1
FETCH
Instruction Register
(IR) Read Register
TBLPTR = xxxxx0
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; Load TBLPTR with the base
MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the word
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH
MOVWF TBLPTRH
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW
MOVWF TBLPTRL
READ_WORD TBLRD*+ ; read into TABLAT and increment
MOVF TABLAT, W ; get data
MOVWF WORD_EVEN
TBLRD*+ ; read into TABLAT and increment
MOVFW TABLAT, W ; get data
MOVF WORD_ODD
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7.4 Erasing Flash Program Memory
The minimum erase block is 1024 bytes. Only through
the use of an external programmer, or through ICSP
control, can larger blocks of program memory be Bulk
Erased. Word Erase in the Flash array is not supported.
When initiating an erase sequence from the micro-
controller itself, a block of 1024 bytes of program
memory is erased. The Most Significant 11 bits of the
TBLPTR<20:10> point to the block being erased.
TBLPTR<9:0> are ignored.
The EECON1 register commands the erase operation.
The WREN bit must be set to enable write operations.
The FREE bit is set to select an erase operation.
For protection, the write initiate sequence for EECON2
must be used.
A long write is necessary for erasing the internal
Flash. Instruction execution is halted while in a long
write cycle. The long write will be terminated by the
internal programming timer. An on-chip timer controls
the erase time. The write/erase voltages are
generated by an on-chip charge pump, rated to
operate over most of the voltage range of the device.
See Parameter D132B (VPEW) for specific limits.
7.4.1 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
ERASE SEQUENCE
The sequence of events for erasing a block of internal
program memory location is:
1. Load Table Pointer register with the address of
row being erased.
2. Set the EECON1 register for the erase operation:
• set WREN bit to enable writes;
• set FREE bit to enable the erase.
3. Disable interrupts.
4. Write 55h to EECON2.
5. Write 0AAh to EECON2.
6. Set the WR bit. This will begin the Row Erase
cycle.
7. The CPU will stall for the duration of the erase.
8. Re-enable interrupts.
EXAMPLE 7-2: ERASING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY ROW
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; load TBLPTR with the base
MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the memory block
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH
MOVWF TBLPTRH
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW
MOVWF TBLPTRL
ERASE_ROW BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory
BSF EECON1, FREE ; enable Row Erase operation
BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts
Required MOVLW 55h
Sequence MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h
MOVLW 0AAh
MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh
BSF EECON1, WR ; start erase (CPU stall)
BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts
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7.5 Writing to Flash Program Memory
The minimum programming block is 32 words or
64 bytes. Word or byte programming is not supported.
Table writes are used internally to load the holding
registers needed to program the Flash memory. There
are 64 holding registers used by the table writes for
programming.
Since the Table Latch (TABLAT) is only a single byte, the
TBLWT instruction may need to be executed 64 times for
each programming operation. All of the table write
operations will essentially be short writes because only
the holding registers are written. At the end of updating
the 64 holding registers, the EECON1 register must be
written to in order to start the programming operation
with a long write.
The long write is necessary for programming the
internal Flash. Instruction execution is halted while in a
long write cycle. The long write will be terminated by
the internal programming timer.
An on-chip timer controls the write time. The
write/erase voltages are generated by an on-chip
charge pump, rated to operate over most of the
voltage range of the device. See Parameter D132B
(VPEW) for specific limits.
FIGURE 7-5: TABLE WRITES TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
7.5.1 FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE
SEQUENCE
The sequence of events for programming an internal
program memory location should be:
1. If the section of program memory to be written to
has been programmed previously, then the
memory will need to be erased before the write
occurs (see Section 7.4.1 “Flash Program
Memory Erase Sequence”).
2. Write the 64 bytes into the holding registers with
auto-increment.
3. Set the WREN bit to enable byte writes.
4. Disable interrupts.
5. Write 55h to EECON2.
6. Write AAh to EECON2.
7. Set the WR bit. This will begin the write cycle.
8. The CPU will stall for the duration of the write.
9. Re-enable interrupts.
10. Verify the memory (table read).
An example of the required code is shown in
Example 7-3.
Note 1: Unlike previous PIC MCU devices,
members of the PIC18F97J60 family do
not reset the holding registers after a
write occurs. The holding registers must
be cleared or overwritten before a
programming sequence.
2: To maintain the endurance of the pro-
gram memory cells, each Flash byte
should not be programmed more than
one time between erase operations.
Before attempting to modify the contents
of the target cell a second time, a Row
Erase of the target row, or a Bulk Erase of
the entire memory, must be performed.
TABLAT
TBLPTR = xxxx3FTBLPTR = xxxxx1TBLPTR = xxxxx0
Write Register
TBLPTR = xxxxx2
Program Memory
Holding Register Holding Register Holding Register Holding Register
88 8 8
Note: Before setting the WR bit, the Table
Pointer address needs to be within the
intended address range of the 64 bytes in
the holding register.
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EXAMPLE 7-3: WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_UPPER ; Load TBLPTR with the base
MOVWF TBLPTRU ; address of the memory block
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_HIGH
MOVWF TBLPTRH
MOVLW CODE_ADDR_LOW
MOVWF TBLPTRL
ERASE_BLOCK BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory
BSF EECON1, FREE ; enable Row Erase operation
BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts
MOVLW 55h
MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h
MOVLW 0AAh
MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh
BSF EECON1, WR ; start erase (CPU stall)
BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts
MOVLW D'16'
MOVWF WRITE_COUNTER ; Need to write 16 blocks of 64 to write
; one erase block of 1024
RESTART_BUFFER MOVLW D'64'
MOVWF COUNTER
MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH ; point to buffer
MOVWF FSR0H
MOVLW BUFFER_ADDR_LOW
MOVWF FSR0L
FILL_BUFFER ... ; read the new data from I2C, SPI,
; PSP, USART, etc.
WRITE_BUFFER MOVLW D’64 ; number of bytes in holding register
MOVWF COUNTER
WRITE_BYTE_TO_HREGSMOVFF POSTINC0, WREG ; get low byte of buffer data
MOVWF TABLAT ; present data to table latch
TBLWT+* ; write data, perform a short write
; to internal TBLWT holding register.
DECFSZ COUNTER ; loop until buffers are full
BRA WRITE_BYTE_TO_HREGS
PROGRAM_MEMORY BSF EECON1, WREN ; enable write to memory
BCF INTCON, GIE ; disable interrupts
MOVLW 55h
Required MOVWF EECON2 ; write 55h
Sequence MOVLW 0AAh
MOVWF EECON2 ; write 0AAh
BSF EECON1, WR ; start program (CPU stall)
BSF INTCON, GIE ; re-enable interrupts
BCF EECON1, WREN ; disable write to memory
DECFSZ WRITE_COUNTER ; done with one write cycle
BRA RESTART_BUFFER ; if not done replacing the erase block
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7.5.2 WRITE VERIFY
Depending on the application, good programming
practice may dictate that the value written to the
memory should be verified against the original value.
This should be used in applications where excessive
writes can stress bits near the specification limit.
7.5.3 UNEXPECTED TERMINATION OF
WRITE OPERATION
If a write is terminated by an unplanned event, such as
loss of power or an unexpected Reset, the memory
location just programmed should be verified and repro-
grammed if needed. If the write operation is interrupted
by a MCLR Reset, or a WDT Time-out Reset during
normal operation, the user can check the WRERR bit
and rewrite the location(s) as needed.
7.5.4 PROTECTION AGAINST
SPURIOUS WRITES
To protect against spurious writes to Flash program
memory, the write initiate sequence must also be
followed. See Section 25.0 “Special Features of the
CPU” for more details.
7.6 Fl ash Program Operation During
Code Protection
See Section 25.6 “Program Verification and Code
Protection” for details on code protection of Flash
program memory.
TABLE 7-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM FLASH MEMORY
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
TBLPTRU —— bit 21 Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte
(TBLPTR<20:16>)
69
TBPLTRH Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>) 69
TBLPTRL Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>) 69
TABLAT Program Memory Table Latch 69
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
EECON2 EEPROM Control Register 2 (not a physical register) 71
EECON1 — — — FREE WRERR WREN WR —71
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used during Flash/EEPROM access.
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8.0 EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS
The External Memory Bus (EMB) allows the device to
access external memory devices (such as Flash,
EPROM, SRAM, etc.) as program or data memory. It
supports both 8 and 16-Bit Data Width modes, and
three address widths of up to 20 bits.
The bus is implemented with 28 pins, multiplexed
across four I/O ports. Three ports (PORTD, PORTE
and PORTH) are multiplexed with the address/data bus
for a total of 20 available lines, while PORTJ is
multiplexed with the bus control signals.
A list of the pins and their functions is provided in
Table 8-1.
TABLE 8-1: PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS – I/O PORT FUNCTIONS
Note: The external memory bus is not
implemented on 64-pin and 80-pin
devices.
Name Port Bit External Me mory Bus Functi on
RD0/AD0 PORTD 0 Address Bit 0 or Data Bit 0
RD1/AD1 PORTD 1 Address Bit 1 or Data Bit 1
RD2/AD2 PORTD 2 Address Bit 2 or Data Bit 2
RD3/AD3 PORTD 3 Address Bit 3 or Data Bit 3
RD4/AD4 PORTD 4 Address Bit 4 or Data Bit 4
RD5/AD5 PORTD 5 Address Bit 5 or Data Bit 5
RD6/AD6 PORTD 6 Address Bit 6 or Data Bit 6
RD7/AD7 PORTD 7 Address Bit 7 or Data Bit 7
RE0/AD8 PORTE 0 Address Bit 8 or Data Bit 8
RE1/AD9 PORTE 1 Address Bit 9 or Data Bit 9
RE2/AD10 PORTE 2 Address Bit 10 or Data Bit 10
RE3/AD11 PORTE 3 Address Bit 11 or Data Bit 11
RE4/AD12 PORTE 4 Address Bit 12 or Data Bit 12
RE5/AD13 PORTE 5 Address Bit 13 or Data Bit 13
RE6/AD14 PORTE 6 Address Bit 14 or Data Bit 14
RE7/AD15 PORTE 7 Address Bit 15 or Data Bit 15
RH0/A16 PORTH 0 Address Bit 16
RH1/A17 PORTH 1 Address Bit 17
RH2/A18 PORTH 2 Address Bit 18
RH3/A19 PORTH 3 Address Bit 19
RJ0/ALE PORTJ 0 Address Latch Enable (ALE) Control bit
RJ1/OE PORTJ 1 Output Enable (OE) Control bit
RJ2/WRL PORTJ 2 Write Low (WRL) Control bit
RJ3/WRH PORTJ 3 Write High (WRH) Control bit
RJ4/BA0 PORTJ 4 Byte Address (BA0) Bit 0
RJ5/CE PORTJ 5 Chip Enable (CE) Control bit
RJ6/LB PORTJ 6 Lower Byte Enable (LB) Control bit
RJ7/UB PORTJ 7 Upper Byte Enable (UB) Control bit
Note: For the sake of clarity, only I/O port and external bus assignments are shown here. One or more additional
multiplexed features may be available in some pins.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 116 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
8.1 Ext ernal Memory Bus Control
The operation of the interface is controlled by the
MEMCON register (Register 8-1). This register is
available in all program memory operating modes,
except Microcontroller mode. In this mode, the register
is disabled and cannot be written to.
The EBDIS bit (MEMCON<7>) controls the operation
of the bus and related port functions. Clearing EBDIS
enables the interface and disables the I/O functions of
the ports, as well as any other functions multiplexed to
those pins. Setting the bit enables the I/O ports and
other functions, but allows the interface to override
everything else on the pins when an external memory
operation is required. By default, the external bus is
always enabled and disables all other I/Os.
The operation of the EBDIS bit is also influenced by the
program memory mode being used. This is discussed
in more detail in Section 8.5 “Program Memory
Modes and the External Memory Bus”.
The WAIT bits allow for the addition of Wait states to
external memory operations. The use of these bits is
discussed in Section 8.3 “Wait States”.
The WM bits select the particular operating mode used
when the bus is operating in 16-Bit Data Width mode.
These operating modes are discussed in more detail in
Section 8.6 “16-Bit Data Wid th Modes”. The WM bits
have no effect when an 8-Bit Data Width mode is
selected.
REGISTER 8-1: MEMCON: EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
EBDIS —WAIT1WAIT0——WM1WM0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 EBDIS: External Bus Disable bit
1 = External bus is enabled when microcontroller accesses external memory; otherwise, all external
bus drivers are mapped as I/O ports
0 = External bus is always enabled, I/O ports are disabled
bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5-4 WAIT<1:0>: Table Reads and Writes Bus Cycle Wait Count bits
11 = Table reads and writes will wait 0 TCY
10 = Table reads and writes will wait 1 TCY
01 = Table reads and writes will wait 2 TCY
00 = Table reads and writes will wait 3 TCY
bit 3-2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1-0 WM<1:0>: TBLWT Operation with 16-Bit Data Bus Width Select bits
1x = Word Write mode: WRH is active when TABLAT is written to and TBLPTR contains an odd
address. When TBLPTR contains an even address, writing to TABLAT loads a holding latch with
the value written.
01 = Byte Select mode: TABLAT data is copied on both MSB and LSB; WRH and (UB or LB)
will activate
00 = Byte Write mode: TABLAT data is copied on both MSB and LSB; WRH or WRL will activate
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 117
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8.2 Address and Data Width
The PIC18F97J60 family of devices can be indepen-
dently configured for different address and data widths
on the same memory bus. Both address and data
widths are set by Configuration bits in the CONFIG3L
register. As Configuration bits, this means that these
options can only be configured by programming the
device and are not controllable in software.
The BW bit selects an 8-bit or 16-bit data bus width.
Setting this bit (default) selects a data width of 16 bits.
The EMB<1:0> bits determine both the program
memory operating mode and the address bus width. The
available options are 20-bit, 16-bit and 12-bit, as well as
the default Microcontroller mode (external bus disabled).
Selecting a 16-bit or 12-bit width makes a corresponding
number of high-order lines available for I/O functions.
These pins are no longer affected by the setting of the
EBDIS bit. For example, selecting a 16-Bit Addressing
mode (EMB<1:0> = 01) disables A<19:16> and allows
the PORTH<3:0> bits to function without interruptions
from the bus. Using the smaller address widths allows
users to tailor the memory bus to the size of the external
memory space for a particular design, while freeing up
pins for dedicated I/O operation.
Because the EMB bits have the effect of disabling pins for
memory bus operations, it is important to always select
an address width at least equal to the data width. If a
12-bit address width is used with a 16-bit data width, the
upper four bits of data will not be available in the bus.
All combinations of address and data widths require
multiplexing of address and data information on the
same lines. The address and data multiplexing, as well
as I/O ports made available by the use of smaller
address widths, are summarized in Ta bl e 8 - 2 .
8.2.1 ADDRESS SHIFTING ON THE
EXTERNAL BUS
By default, the address presented on the external bus
is the value of the PC. In practical terms, this means
that addresses in the external memory device below
the top of on-chip memory are unavailable to the micro-
controller. To access these physical locations, the glue
logic between the microcontroller and the external
memory must somehow translate addresses.
To simplify the interface, the external bus offers an
extension of Extended Microcontroller mode that
automatically performs address shifting. This feature is
controlled by the EASHFT Configuration bit. Setting
this bit offsets addresses on the bus by the size of the
microcontroller’s on-chip program memory and sets
the bottom address at 0000h. This allows the device to
use the entire range of physical addresses of the
external memory.
8.2.2 21-BIT ADDRESSING
As an extension of 20-bit address width operation, the
external memory bus can also fully address a 2-Mbyte
memory space. This is done by using the Bus Address
Bit 0 (BA0) control line as the Least Significant bit of the
address. The UB and LB control signals may also be
used with certain memory devices to select the upper
and lower bytes within a 16-bit wide data word.
This addressing mode is available in both 8-Bit Data
Width and certain 16-Bit Data Width modes. Additional
details are provided in Section 8.6.3 “16-Bit Byte
Select Mode” and Section 8.7 “8-Bit Data Width
Mode”.
TABLE 8-2: ADDRESS AND DATA LINES FOR DIFFERENT ADDRESS AND DATA WIDTHS
Data Width Address Width Multiplexed Data and
Address Lines (and
corresponding ports)
Address Only Lines
(and corresponding
ports)
Ports Available
for I/O
8-bit
12-bit
AD<7:0>
(PORTD<7:0>)
AD<11:8>
(PORTE<3:0>)
PORTE<7:4>,
All of PORTH
16-bit AD<15:8>
(PORTE<7:0>) All of PORTH
20-bit
A<19:16>, AD<15:8>
(PORTH<3:0>,
PORTE<7:0>)
—
16-bit
16-bit AD<15:0>
(PORTD<7:0>,
PORTE<7:0>)
— All of PORTH
20-bit A<19:16>
(PORTH<3:0>) —
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 118 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
8.3 Wait States
While it may be assumed that external memory devices
will operate at the microcontroller clock rate, this is
often not the case. In fact, many devices require longer
times to write or retrieve data than the time allowed by
the execution of table read or table write operations.
To compensate for this, the external memory bus can
be configured to add a fixed delay to each table opera-
tion using the bus. Wait states are enabled by setting
the WAIT Configuration bit. When enabled, the amount
of delay is set by the WAIT<1:0> bits (MEMCON<5:4>).
The delay is based on multiples of microcontroller
instruction cycle time and is added following the
instruction cycle when the table operation is executed.
The range is from no delay to 3 TCY (default value).
8.4 Port Pin Weak Pull-ups
With the exception of the upper address lines,
A<19:16>, the pins associated with the external mem-
ory bus are equipped with weak pull-ups. The pull-ups
are controlled by bits located at LATA<7:6> and
PORTA<7>. They are named RDPU, REPU and RJPU
and control pull-ups on PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ,
respectively. Setting one of these bits enables the
corresponding pull-ups for that port. All pull-ups are
disabled by default on all device Resets.
In Extended Microcontroller mode, the port pull-ups
can be useful in preserving the memory state on the
external bus while the bus is temporarily disabled
(EBDIS = 1).
8.5 Program Memory Modes and the
External Memory Bus
The PIC18F97J60 family of devices is capable of
operating in one of two program memory modes, using
combinations of on-chip and external program memory.
The functions of the multiplexed port pins depend on
the program memory mode selected, as well as the
setting of the EBDIS bit.
In Microcontroller M ode, the bus is not active and the
pins have their port functions only. Writes to the
MEMCOM register are not permitted. The Reset value
of EBDIS (‘0’) is ignored and the EMB pins behave as
I/O ports.
In Extended Microcontroller Mode, the external
program memory bus shares I/O port functions on the
pins. When the device is fetching, or doing table
read/table write operations on the external program
memory space, the pins will have the external bus
function.
If the device is fetching and accessing internal program
memory locations only, the EBDIS control bit will change
the pins from external memory to I/O port functions.
When EBDIS = 0, the pins function as the external bus.
When EBDIS = 1, the pins function as I/O ports.
If the device fetches or accesses external memory
while EBDIS = 1, the pins will switch to the external
bus. If the EBDIS bit is set by a program executing from
external memory, the action of setting the bit will be
delayed until the program branches into the internal
memory. At that time, the pins will change from external
bus to I/O ports.
If the device is executing out of internal memory when
EBDIS = 0, the memory bus address/data and control
pins will not be active. They will go to a state where the
active address/data pins are tri-state; the CE, OE,
WRH, WRL, UB and LB signals are ‘1’, and ALE and
BA0 are ‘0’. Note that only those pins associated with
the current address width are forced to tri-state; the
other pins continue to function as I/O. In the case of
16-bit address width, for example, only AD<15:0>
(PORTD and PORTE) are affected; A<19:16>
(PORTH<3:0>) continue to function as I/O.
In all external memory modes, the bus takes priority
over any other peripherals that may share pins with it.
This includes the Parallel Slave Port and serial
communication modules, which would otherwise take
priority over the I/O port.
8.6 16-Bit Data Width Modes
In 16-Bit Data Width mode, the external memory
interface can be connected to external memories in
three different configurations:
• 16-Bit Byte Write
•16-Bit Word Write
• 16-Bit Byte Select
The configuration to be used is determined by
the WM<1:0> bits in the MEMCON register
(MEMCON<1:0>). These three different configurations
allow the designer maximum flexibility in using both
8-bit and 16-bit devices with 16-bit data.
For all 16-Bit Data Width modes, the Address Latch
Enable (ALE) pin indicates that the address bits,
AD<15:0>, are available in the external memory inter-
face bus. Following the address latch, the Output
Enable signal (OE) will enable both bytes of program
memory at once to form a 16-bit instruction word. The
Chip Enable signal (CE) is active at any time that the
microcontroller accesses external memory, whether
reading or writing. It is inactive (asserted high)
whenever the device is in Sleep mode.
In Byte Select mode, JEDEC standard Flash memories
will require BA0 for the byte address line and one I/O
line to select between Byte and Word mode. The other
16-Bit Data Width modes do not need BA0. JEDEC
standard, static RAM memories will use the UB or LB
signals for byte selection.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 119
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8.6.1 16-BIT BYTE WRITE MODE
Figure 8-1 shows an example of 16-Bit Byte Write
mode for PIC18F97J60 family devices. This mode is
used for two separate 8-bit memories connected for
16-bit operation. This generally includes basic EPROM
and Flash devices. It allows table writes to byte-wide
external memories.
During a TBLWT instruction cycle, the TABLAT data is
presented on the upper and lower bytes of the
AD<15:0> bus. The appropriate WRH or WRL control
line is strobed on the LSb of the TBLPTR.
FIGURE 8-1: 16-BIT BYTE WRITE MODE EXAMPLE
AD<7:0>
A<19:16>(1)
ALE
D<15:8>
373 A<x:0>
D<7:0>
A<19:0> A<x:0>
D<7:0>
373
OE
WRH
OE OEWR(2) WR(2)
CE CE
Note 1: The upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address widths.
2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes” .
WRL
D<7:0>
(LSB)
(MSB)
PIC18F97J60
D<7:0>
AD<15:8>
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
CE
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 120 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
8.6.2 16-BIT WORD WRITE MODE
Figure 8-2 shows an example of 16-Bit Word Write
mode for PIC18F97J60 family devices. This mode is
used for word-wide memories, which include some of
the EPROM and Flash type memories. This mode
allows opcode fetches and table reads from all forms of
16-bit memory, and table writes to any type of
word-wide external memories. This method makes a
distinction between TBLWT cycles to even or odd
addresses.
During a TBLWT cycle to an even address
(TBLPTR<0> = 0), the TABLAT data is transferred to a
holding latch and the external address data bus is
tri-stated for the data portion of the bus cycle. No write
signals are activated.
During a TBLWT cycle to an odd address
(TBLPTR<0> = 1), the TABLAT data is presented on
the upper byte of the AD<15:0> bus. The contents of
the holding latch are presented on the lower byte of the
AD<15:0> bus.
The WRH signal is strobed for each write cycle; the
WRL pin is unused. The signal on the BA0 pin indicates
the LSb of the TBLPTR but it is left unconnected.
Instead, the UB and LB signals are active to select both
bytes. The obvious limitation to this method is that the
table write must be done in pairs on a specific word
boundary to correctly write a word location.
FIGURE 8-2: 16- BIT WORD WRITE MODE EXAMPLE
AD<7:0>
PIC18F97J60
AD<15:8>
ALE
373 A<20:1>
373
OE
WRH
A<19:16>(1)
A<x:0>
D<15:0>
OE WR(2)
CE
D<15:0>
JEDEC Word
EPROM Memory
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
Note 1: The upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address widths.
2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
CE
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 121
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8.6.3 16-BIT BYTE SELECT MODE
Figure 8-3 shows an example of 16-Bit Byte Select
mode. This mode allows table write operations to
word-wide external memories with byte selection
capability. This generally includes both word-wide
Flash and SRAM devices.
During a TBLWT cycle, the TABLAT data is presented
on the upper and lower byte of the AD<15:0> bus. The
WRH signal is strobed for each write cycle; the WRL
pin is not used. The BA0 or UB/LB signals are used to
select the byte to be written based on the Least
Significant bit of the TBLPTR register.
Flash and SRAM devices use different control signal
combinations to implement Byte Select mode. JEDEC
standard Flash memories require that a controller I/O
port pin be connected to the memory’s BYTE/WORD
pin to provide the select signal. They also use the BA0
signal from the controller as a byte address. JEDEC
standard, static RAM memories, on the other hand, use
the UB or LB signals to select the byte.
FIGURE 8-3: 16-BIT BYTE SELECT MODE EX AMPL E
AD<7:0>
PIC18F97J60
AD<15:8>
ALE
373 A<20:1>
373
OE
WRH
A<19:16>(2)
BA0
JEDEC Word
A<x:1>
D<15:0>
A<20:1>
CE
D<15:0>
I/O
OE WR(1)
A0
BYTE/WORD
FLASH Memory
JEDEC Word
A<x:1>
D<15:0>
CE
D<15:0>
OE WR(1)
LB
UB
SRAM Memory
LB
UB
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
Note 1: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7. 1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
2: The upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address width.
3: Demultiplexing is only required when multiple memory devices are accessed.
138(3)
CE
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 122 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
8.6.4 16-BIT MODE TIMING
The presentation of control signals on the external
memory bus is different for the various operating
modes. Typical signal timing diagrams are shown in
Figure 8-4 and Figure 8-5.
FIGURE 8-4: EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR TBLRD
(EXTENDED MICROCONTROLLER MODE)
FIGURE 8-5: EXTERNAL MEMO RY BUS TIMING FOR SLEEP
(EXTENDED MICROCONTROLLER MODE)
Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4
A<19:16>
ALE
OE
AD<15:0>
CE
Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch
TBLRD*
TBLRD Cycle 1
ADDLW 55h
from 000100h
Q2Q1 Q3 Q4
0Ch
CF33h
TBLRD 92h
from 199E67h
9256h
from 000104h
Memory
Cycle
Instruction
Execution INST(PC – 2) TBLRD Cycle 2
MOVLW 55h
from 000102h
MOVLW
Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4
A<19:16>
ALE
OE
3AAAh
AD<15:0>
00h 00h
CE
Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch
SLEEP
SLEEP
from 007554h
Q1
Bus Inactive
0003h
3AABh
0E55h
Memory
Cycle
Instruction
Execution INST(PC – 2)
Sleep Mode,
MOVLW 55h
from 007556h
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8.7 8- Bit Data Width Mode
In 8-Bit Data Width mode, the external memory bus
operates only in Multiplexed mode; that is, data shares
the eight Least Significant bits of the address bus.
Figure 8-6 shows an example of 8-Bit Multiplexed mode
for 100-pin devices. This mode is used for a single 8-bit
memory connected for 16-bit operation. The instructions
will be fetched as two 8-bit bytes on a shared
data/address bus. The two bytes are sequentially
fetched within one instruction cycle (T
CY). Therefore, the
designer must choose external memory devices accord-
ing to timing calculations based on 1/2 TCY (2 times the
instruction rate). For proper memory speed selection,
glue logic propagation delay times must be considered,
along with setup and hold times.
The Address Latch Enable (ALE) pin indicates that the
address bits, AD<15:0>, are available in the external
memory interface bus. The Output Enable signal (OE)
will enable one byte of program memory for a portion of
the instruction cycle, then BA0 will change and the
second byte will be enabled to form the 16-bit instruc-
tion word. The Least Significant bit of the address, BA0,
must be connected to the memory devices in this
mode. The Chip Enable signal (CE) is active at any
time that the microcontroller accesses external
memory, whether reading or writing. It is inactive
(asserted high) whenever the device is in Sleep mode.
This process generally includes basic EPROM and
Flash devices. It allows table writes to byte-wide
external memories.
During a TBLWT instruction cycle, the TABLAT data is
presented on the upper and lower bytes of the
AD<15:0> bus. The appropriate level of the BA0 control
line is strobed on the LSb of the TBLPTR.
FIGURE 8-6: 8-BIT MULTIPLEXED MODE EXAMPLE
AD<7:0>
A<19:16>(1)
ALE D<15:8>
373 A<19:0> A<x:1>
D<7:0>
OE
OE WR(2)
CE
Note 1: The upper order address bits are used only for 20-bit address width. The upper AD byte is used
for all address widths except 8-bit.
2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes” .
WRL
D<7:0>
PIC18F97J60
AD<15:8>(1)
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
CE
A0
BA0
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 124 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
8.7.1 8-BIT MODE TIMING
The presentation of control signals on the external
memory bus is different for the various operating
modes. Typical signal timing diagrams are shown in
Figure 8-7 and Figure 8-8.
FIGURE 8-7: EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR TBLRD
(EXTENDED MICROCONTROLLER MODE)
FIGURE 8-8: EXTERNAL MEMO RY BUS TIMING FOR SLEEP
(EXTENDED MICROCONTROLLER MODE)
Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4
A<19:16>
ALE
OE
AD<7:0>
CE
Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch
TBLRD*
TBLRD Cycle 1
ADDLW 55h
from 000100h
Q2Q1 Q3 Q4
0Ch
33h
TBLRD 92h
from 199E67h
92h
from 000104h
Memory
Cycle
Instruction
Execution INST(PC – 2) TBLRD Cycle 2
MOVLW 55h
from 000102h
MOVLW
AD<15:8> CFh
Q2Q1 Q3 Q4 Q2Q1 Q3 Q4
A<19:16>
ALE
OE
AAh
AD<7:0>
00h 00h
CE
Opcode Fetch Opcode Fetch
SLEEP
SLEEP
from 007554h
Q1
Bus Inactive
00h ABh 55h
Memory
Cycle
Instruction
Execution INST(PC – 2)
Sleep Mode,
MOVLW 55h
from 007556h
AD<15:8> 3Ah 3Ah
03h 0Eh
BA0
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 125
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8.8 Operation in Power-Managed
Modes
In alternate power-managed Run modes, the external
bus continues to operate normally. If a clock source with
a lower speed is selected, bus operations will run at that
speed. In these cases, excessive access times for the
external memory may result if Wait states have been
enabled and added to external memory operations. If
operations in a lower power Run mode are anticipated,
user applications should provide memory access time
adjustments at the lower clock speeds.
In Sleep and Idle modes, the microcontroller core does
not need to access data; bus operations are
suspended. The state of the external bus is frozen, with
the address/data pins and most of the control pins
holding at the same state they were in when the mode
was invoked. The only potential changes are the CE,
LB and UB pins, which are held at logic high.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 126 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 127
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9.0 8 x 8 HARDWARE MULTIPLIER
9.1 Introduction
All PIC18 devices include an 8 x 8 hardware multiplier
as part of the ALU. The multiplier performs an unsigned
operation and yields a 16-bit result that is stored in the
product register pair, PRODH:PRODL. The multiplier’s
operation does not affect any flags in the STATUS
register.
Making multiplication a hardware operation allows it to
be completed in a single instruction cycle. This has the
advantages of higher computational throughput and
reduced code size for multiplication algorithms and
allows the PIC18 devices to be used in many applica-
tions previously reserved for digital signal processors.
A comparison of various hardware and software
multiply operations, along with the savings in memory
and execution time, is shown in Tab l e 9-1 .
9.2 Operation
Example 9-1 shows the instruction sequence for an 8 x 8
unsigned multiplication. Only one instruction is required
when one of the arguments is already loaded in the
WREG register.
Example 9-2 shows the sequence to do an 8 x 8 signed
multiplication. To account for the sign bits of the argu-
ments, each argument’s Most Significant bit (MSb) is
tested and the appropriate subtractions are done.
EXAMPLE 9- 1: 8 x 8 UNSIGNED
MULTIP LY ROU TI N E
EXAMPLE 9-2: 8 x 8 SIGNED MULTIPLY
ROUTINE
TABLE 9-1: PERFORMANCE COMPARISON FOR VARIOUS MULTIPLY OPERATIONS
MOVF ARG1, W ;
MULWF ARG2 ; ARG1 * ARG2 ->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVF ARG1, W
MULWF ARG2 ; ARG1 * ARG2 ->
; PRODH:PRODL
BTFSC ARG2, SB ; Test Sign Bit
SUBWF PRODH, F ; PRODH = PRODH
; - ARG1
MOVF ARG2, W
BTFSC ARG1, SB ; Test Sign Bit
SUBWF PRODH, F ; PRODH = PRODH
; - ARG2
Routine Multiply Method Program
Memory
(Words)
Cycles
(Max)
Time
@ 40 MHz @ 10 MHz @ 4 MHz
8 x 8 unsigned Without hardware multiply 13 69 6.9 s27.6 s69 s
Hardware multiply 1 1 100 ns 400 ns 1 s
8 x 8 signed Without hardware multiply 33 91 9.1 s36.4 s91 s
Hardware multiply 6 6 600 ns 2.4 s6 s
16 x 16 unsigned Without hardware multiply 21 242 24.2 s96.8 s242 s
Hardware multiply 28 28 2.8 s 11.2 s28 s
16 x 16 signed Without hardware multiply 52 254 25.4 s 102.6 s254 s
Hardware multiply 35 40 4.0 s16.0 s40 s
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 128 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Example 9-3 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16
unsigned multiplication. Equation 9-1 shows the
algorithm that is used. The 32-bit result is stored in four
registers (RES3:RES0).
EQUATION 9-1: 16 x 16 UNSIGNED
MULTIPLICATION
ALGORITHM
EXAMPLE 9- 3: 16 x 16 UNSIGNED
MULTIPLY ROUTINE
Example 9-4 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16
signed multiply. Equation 9-2 shows the algorithm
used. The 32-bit result is stored in four registers
(RES3:RES0). To account for the sign bits of the
arguments, the MSb for each argument pair is tested
and the appropriate subtractions are done.
EQUATION 9-2: 16 x 16 SIGNED
MULTIPLICATION
ALGORITHM
EXAMPLE 9-4: 16 x 16 SIGNED
MU LTIPLY ROUTINE
RES3:RES0 = ARG1H:ARG1L ARG2H:ARG2L
= (ARG1H ARG2H 216) +
(ARG1H ARG2L 28) +
(ARG1L ARG2H 28) +
(ARG1L ARG2L)
MOVF ARG1L, W
MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1L * ARG2L->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVFF PRODH, RES1 ;
MOVFF PRODL, RES0 ;
; MOVF ARG1H, W
MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1H * ARG2H->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVFF PRODH, RES3 ;
MOVFF PRODL, RES2 ;
; MOVF ARG1L, W
MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1L * ARG2H->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVF PRODL, W ;
ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross
MOVF PRODH, W ; products
ADDWFC RES2, F ;
CLRF WREG ;
ADDWFC RES3, F ;
; MOVF ARG1H, W ;
MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1H * ARG2L->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVF PRODL, W ;
ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross
MOVF PRODH, W ; products
ADDWFC RES2, F ;
CLRF WREG ;
ADDWFC RES3, F ;
RES3:RES0=ARG1H:ARG1L ARG2H:ARG2L
= (ARG1H ARG2H 216) +
(ARG1H ARG2L 28) +
(ARG1L ARG2H 28) +
(ARG1L ARG2L) +
(-1 ARG2H<7> ARG1H:ARG1L 216) +
(-1 ARG1H<7> ARG2H:ARG2L 216)
MOVF ARG1L, W
MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1L * ARG2L ->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVFF PRODH, RES1 ;
MOVFF PRODL, RES0 ;
; MOVF ARG1H, W
MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1H * ARG2H ->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVFF PRODH, RES3 ;
MOVFF PRODL, RES2 ;
; MOVF ARG1L, W
MULWF ARG2H ; ARG1L * ARG2H ->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVF PRODL, W ;
ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross
MOVF PRODH, W ; products
ADDWFC RES2, F ;
CLRF WREG ;
ADDWFC RES3, F ;
; MOVF ARG1H, W ;
MULWF ARG2L ; ARG1H * ARG2L ->
; PRODH:PRODL
MOVF PRODL, W ;
ADDWF RES1, F ; Add cross
MOVF PRODH, W ; products
ADDWFC RES2, F ;
CLRF WREG ;
ADDWFC RES3, F ;
; BTFSS ARG2H, 7 ; ARG2H:ARG2L neg?
BRA SIGN_ARG1 ; no, check ARG1
MOVF ARG1L, W ;
SUBWF RES2 ;
MOVF ARG1H, W ;
SUBWFB RES3
;
SIGN_ARG1
BTFSS ARG1H, 7 ; ARG1H:ARG1L neg?
BRA CONT_CODE ; no, done
MOVF ARG2L, W ;
SUBWF RES2 ;
MOVF ARG2H, W ;
SUBWFB RES3
;
CONT_CODE
:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 129
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
10.0 INTERRUPTS
Members of the PIC18F97J60 family of devices have
multiple interrupt sources and an interrupt priority feature
that allows most interrupt sources to be assigned a
high-priority level or a low-priority level. The high-priority
interrupt vector is at 0008h and the low-priority interrupt
vector is at 0018h. High-priority interrupt events will
interrupt any low-priority interrupts that may be in
progress.
There are thirteen registers which are used to control
interrupt operation. These registers are:
• RCON
•INTCON
• INTCON2
• INTCON3
• PIR1, PIR2, PIR3
• PIE1, PIE2, PIE3
• IPR1, IPR2, IPR3
It is recommended that the Microchip header files
supplied with MPLAB® IDE be used for the symbolic bit
names in these registers. This allows the
assembler/compiler to automatically take care of the
placement of these bits within the specified register.
In general, interrupt sources have three bits to control
their operation. They are:
•Flag bit to indicate that an interrupt event
occurred
•Enable bit that allows program execution to
branch to the interrupt vector address when the
flag bit is set
•Priority bit to select high priority or low priority
The interrupt priority feature is enabled by setting the
IPEN bit (RCON<7>). When interrupt priority is enabled,
there are two bits which enable interrupts globally.
Setting the GIEH bit (INTCON<7>) enables all interrupts
that have the priority bit set (high priority). Setting the
GIEL bit (INTCON<6>) enables all interrupts that have
the priority bit cleared (low priority). When the interrupt
flag, enable bit and appropriate Global Interrupt Enable
bit are set, the interrupt will vector immediately to
address, 0008h or 0018h, depending on the priority bit
setting. Individual interrupts can be disabled through
their corresponding enable bits.
When the IPEN bit is cleared (default state), the
interrupt priority feature is disabled and interrupts are
compatible with PIC® mid-range devices. In
Compatibility mode, the interrupt priority bits for each
source have no effect. INTCON<6> is the PEIE bit
which enables/disables all peripheral interrupt sources.
INTCON<7> is the GIE bit which enables/disables all
interrupt sources. All interrupts branch to address,
0008h, in Compatibility mode.
When an interrupt is responded to, the Global Interrupt
Enable bit is cleared to disable further interrupts. If the
IPEN bit is cleared, this is the GIE bit. If interrupt priority
levels are used, this will be either the GIEH or GIEL bit.
High-priority interrupt sources can interrupt a
low-priority interrupt. Low-priority interrupts are not
processed while high-priority interrupts are in progress.
The return address is pushed onto the stack and the
PC is loaded with the interrupt vector address (0008h
or 0018h). Once in the Interrupt Service Routine (ISR),
the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by poll-
ing the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bits must be
cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to
avoid recursive interrupts.
The “return from interrupt” instruction, RETFIE, exits
the interrupt routine and sets the GIE bit (GIEH or GIEL
if priority levels are used) which re-enables interrupts.
For external interrupt events, such as the INTx pins or
the PORTB input change interrupt, the interrupt latency
will be three to four instruction cycles. The exact
latency is the same for one or two-cycle instructions.
Individual interrupt flag bits are set regardless of the
status of their corresponding enable bit or the GIE bit.
Note: Do not use the MOVFF instruction to modify
any of the interrupt control registers while
any interrupt is enabled. Doing so may
cause erratic microcontroller behavior.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 130 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 10-1: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY INTERRUPT LOGIC
TMR0IE
GIE/GIEH
PEIE/GIEL
Wake-up if in
Interrupt to CPU
Vector to Location
0008h
INT2IF
INT2IE
INT2IP
INT1IF
INT1IE
INT1IP
TMR0IF
TMR0IE
TMR0IP
RBIF
RBIE
RBIP
IPEN
TMR0IF
TMR0IP
INT1IF
INT1IE
INT1IP
INT2IF
INT2IE
INT2IP
RBIF
RBIE
RBIP
INT0IF
INT0IE
PEIE/GIEL
Interrupt to CPU
Vector to Location
IPEN
IPEN
0018h
PIR1<7:0>
PIE1<7:0>
IPR1<7:0>
High-Priority Interrupt Generation
Low-Priority Interrupt Generation
Idle or Sleep modes
GIE/GIEH
INT3IF
INT3IE
INT3IP
INT3IF
INT3IE
INT3IP
PIR2<7:5,3,1:0>
PIE2<7:5,3,1:0>
IPR2<7:5,3,1:0>
PIR3<7:0>
PIE3<7:0>
IPR3<7:0>
PIR1<7:0>
PIE1<7:0>
IPR1<7:0>
PIR2<7:5,3,1:0>
PIE2<7:5,3,1:0>
IPR2<7:5,3,1:0>
PIR3<7:0>
PIE3<7:0>
IPR3<7:0>
IPEN
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 131
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
10.1 INTCON Registers
The INTCON registers are readable and writable
registers which contain various enable, priority and flag
bits.
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the Global
Interrupt Enable bit. User software should
ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits
are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.
This feature allows for software polling.
REGISTER 10-1: INTCON: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF(1)
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 GIE/GIEH: Global Interrupt Enable bit
When IPEN = 0:
1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts
0 = Disables all interrupts
When IPEN = 1:
1 = Enables all high-priority interrupts
0 = Disables all interrupts
bit 6 PEIE/GIEL: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit
When IPEN = 0:
1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts
0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts
When IPEN = 1:
1 = Enables all low-priority peripheral interrupts
0 = Disables all low-priority peripheral interrupts
bit 5 TMR0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR0 overflow interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR0 overflow interrupt
bit 4 INT0IE: INT0 External Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the INT0 external interrupt
0 = Disables the INT0 external interrupt
bit 3 RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt
0 = Disables the RB port change interrupt
bit 2 TMR0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR0 register did not overflow
bit 1 INT0IF: INT0 External Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The INT0 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The INT0 external interrupt did not occur
bit 0 RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit(1)
1 = At least one of the RB<7:4> pins changed state (must be cleared in software)
0 = None of the RB<7:4> pins have changed state
Note 1: A mismatch condition will continue to set this bit. Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and
allow the bit to be cleared.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 132 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 10-2: INTCON2: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 2
R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
RBPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 INTEDG3 TMR0IP INT3IP RBIP
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit
1 = All PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values
bit 6 INTEDG0: External Interrupt 0 Edge Select bit
1 = Interrupt on rising edge
0 = Interrupt on falling edge
bit 5 INTEDG1: External Interrupt 1 Edge Select bit
1 = Interrupt on rising edge
0 = Interrupt on falling edge
bit 4 INTEDG2: External Interrupt 2 Edge Select bit
1 = Interrupt on rising edge
0 = Interrupt on falling edge
bit 3 INTEDG3: External Interrupt 3 Edge Select bit
1 = Interrupt on rising edge
0 = Interrupt on falling edge
bit 2 TMR0IP: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 1 INT3IP: INT3 External Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 0 RBIP: RB Port Change Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs regardless of the state of its corresponding
enable bit or the Global Interrupt Enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits
are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 133
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-3: INTCON3: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 3
R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
INT2IP INT1IP INT3IE INT2IE INT1IE INT3IF INT2IF INT1IF
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 INT2IP: INT2 External Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 6 INT1IP: INT1 External Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 5 INT3IE: INT3 External Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the INT3 external interrupt
0 = Disables the INT3 external interrupt
bit 4 INT2IE: INT2 External Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the INT2 external interrupt
0 = Disables the INT2 external interrupt
bit 3 INT1IE: INT1 External Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the INT1 external interrupt
0 = Disables the INT1 external interrupt
bit 2 INT3IF: INT3 External Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The INT3 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The INT3 external interrupt did not occur
bit 1 INT2IF: INT2 External Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The INT2 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The INT2 external interrupt did not occur
bit 0 INT1IF: INT1 External Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The INT1 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The INT1 external interrupt did not occur
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs regardless of the state of its corresponding
enable bit or the Global Interrupt Enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits
are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 134 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
10.2 PIR Registers
The PIR registers contain the individual flag bits for the
peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral
interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral Interrupt
Request (Flag) registers (PIR1, PIR2, PIR3).
Note 1: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the Global
Interrupt Enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>).
2: User software should ensure the
appropriate interrupt flag bits are cleared
prior to enabling an interrupt and after
servicing that interrupt.
REGISTER 10-4: PIR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 1
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
PSPIF(1) ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 PSPIF: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Flag bit(1)
1 = A read or a write operation has taken place (must be cleared in software)
0 = No read or write has occurred
bit 6 ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit
1 = An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared in software)
0 = The A/D conversion is not complete
bit 5 RC1IF: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The EUSART1 receive buffer, RCREG1, is full (cleared when RCREG1 is read)
0 = The EUSART1 receive buffer is empty
bit 4 TX1IF: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The EUSART1 transmit buffer, TXREG1, is empty (cleared when TXREG1 is written)
0 = The EUSART1 transmit buffer is full
bit 3 SSP1IF: MSSP1 Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)
0 = Waiting to transmit/receive
bit 2 CCP1IF: ECCP1 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1 TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred
bit 0 TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR1 register did not overflow
Note 1: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 135
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-5: PIR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 2
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
OSCFIF CMIF ETHIF rBCL1IF— TMR3IF CCP2IF
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 OSCFIF: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Flag bit
1 = System oscillator failed, clock input has changed to INTRC (must be cleared in software)
0 = System clock is operating
bit 6 CMIF: Comparator Interrupt Flag bit
1 = Comparator input has changed (must be cleared in software)
0 = Comparator input has not changed
bit 5 ETHIF: Ethernet Module Interrupt Flag bit
1 = An Ethernet module interrupt event has occurred; query EIR register to resolve source
0 = No Ethernet interrupt event has occurred
bit 4 Reserved: Maintain as ‘0’
bit 3 BCL1IF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit (MSSP1 module)
1 = A bus collision occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No bus collision occurred
bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1 TMR3IF: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR3 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR3 register did not overflow
bit 0 CCP2IF: ECCP2 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 136 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 10-6: PIR3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 3
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
SSP2IF(1) BCL2IF(1) RC2IF(2) TX2IF(2) TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 SSP2IF: MSSP2 Interrupt Flag bit(1)
1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)
0 = Waiting to transmit/receive
bit 6 BCL2IF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit (MSSP2 module)(1)
1 = A bus collision occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No bus collision occurred
bit 5 RC2IF: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Flag bit(2)
1 = The EUSART2 receive buffer, RCREG2, is full (cleared when RCREG2 is read)
0 = The EUSART2 receive buffer is empty
bit 4 TX2IF: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Flag bit(2)
1 = The EUSART2 transmit buffer, TXREG2, is empty (cleared when TXREG2 is written)
0 = The EUSART2 transmit buffer is full
bit 3 TMR4IF: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR4 to PR4 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR4 to PR4 match occurred
bit 2 CCP5IF: CCP5 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1 CCP4IF: CCP4 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 0 CCP3IF: ECCP3 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
Note 1: Implemented in 100-pin devices only.
2: Implemented in 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 137
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
10.3 PIE Registers
The PIE registers contain the individual enable bits for
the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of
peripheral interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral
Interrupt Enable registers (PIE1, PIE2, PIE3). When
IPEN = 0, the PEIE bit must be set to enable any of
these peripheral interrupts.
REGISTER 10-7: PIE1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 1
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
PSPIE(1) ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 PSPIE: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Enable bit(1)
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 6 ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 5 RC1IE: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 4 TX1IE: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 3 SSP1IE: MSSP1 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 2 CCP1IE: ECCP1 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 1 TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 0 TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
Note 1: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 138 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 10-8: PIE2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 2
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
OSCFIE CMIE ETHIE rBCL1IE— TMR3IE CCP2IE
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 OSCFIE: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 6 CMIE: Comparator Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 5 ETHIE: Ethernet Module Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 4 Reserved: Maintain as ‘0’
bit 3 BCL1IE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit (MSSP1 module)
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1 TMR3IE: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
bit 0 CCP2IE: ECCP2 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 = Disabled
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 139
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-9: PIE3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 3
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
SSP2IE(1) BCL2IE(1) RC2IE(2) TX2IE(2) TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 SSP2IE: MSSP2 Interrupt Enable bit(1)
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 6 BCL2IE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit (MSSP2 module)(1)
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 5 RC2IE: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Enable bit(2)
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 4 TX2IE: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Enable bit(2)
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 3 TMR4IE: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 2 CCP5IE: CCP5 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 1 CCP4IE: CCP4 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
bit 0 CCP3IE: ECCP3 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enabled
0 =Disabled
Note 1: Implemented in 100-pin devices only.
2: Implemented in 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
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10.4 IPR Registers
The IPR registers contain the individual priority bits for
the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of
peripheral interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral
Interrupt Priority registers (IPR1, IPR2, IPR3). Using
the priority bits requires that the Interrupt Priority
Enable (IPEN) bit be set.
REGISTER 10-10: IPR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 1
R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
PSPIP(1) ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 PSPIP: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Priority bit(1)
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 6 ADIP: A/D Converter Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 5 RC1IP: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 4 TX1IP: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 3 SSP1IP: MSSP1 Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 2 CCP1IP: ECCP1 Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 1 TMR2IP: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 0 TMR1IP: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
Note 1: Implemented in 100-pin devices in Microcontroller mode only.
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REGISTER 10-11: IPR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 2
R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1
OSCFIP CMIP ETHIP rBCL1IP— TMR3IP CCP2IP
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 OSCFIP: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 6 CMIP: Comparator Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 5 ETHIP: Ethernet Module Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 4 Reserved: Maintain as ‘1’
bit 3 BCL1IP: Bus Collision Interrupt Priority bit (MSSP1 module)
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1 TMR3IP: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 0 CCP2IP: ECCP2 Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
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REGISTER 10-12: IPR3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 3
R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
SSP2IP(1) BCL2IP(1) RC2IP(2) TX2IP(2) TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 SSP2IP: MSSP2 Interrupt Priority bit(1)
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 6 BCL2IP: Bus Collision Interrupt Priority bit (MSSP2 module)(1)
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 5 RC2IP: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Priority bit(2)
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 4 TX2IP: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Priority bit(2)
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 3 TMR4IE: TMR4 to PR4 Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 2 CCP5IP: CCP5 Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 1 CCP4IP: CCP4 Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
bit 0 CCP3IP: ECCP3 Interrupt Priority bit
1 = High priority
0 = Low priority
Note 1: Implemented in 100-pin devices only.
2: Implemented in 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
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10.5 RCON Register
The RCON register contains bits used to determine the
cause of the last Reset or wake-up from Idle or Sleep
modes. RCON also contains the bit that enables
interrupt priorities (IPEN).
REGISTER 10-13: RCON: RESET CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 U-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R-1 R-1 R/W-0 R/W-0
IPEN —CMRI TO PD POR BOR
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit
1 = Enable priority levels on interrupts
0 = Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode)
bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5 CM: Configuration Mismatch Flag bit
For details of bit operation, see Register 5-1.
bit 4 RI: RESET Instruction Flag bit
For details of bit operation, see Register 5-1.
bit 3 TO: Watchdog Timer Time-out Flag bit
For details of bit operation, see Register 5-1.
bit 2 PD: Power-Down Detection Flag bit
For details of bit operation, see Register 5-1.
bit 1 POR: Power-on Reset Status bit(2)
For details of bit operation, see Register 5-1.
bit 0 BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit
For details of bit operation, see Register 5-1.
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10.6 INTx Pin Interrupts
External interrupts on the RB0/INT0/FLT0, RB1/INT1,
RB2/INT2 and RB3/INT3 pins are edge-triggered. If the
corresponding INTEDGx bit in the INTCON2 register is
set (= 1), the interrupt is triggered by a rising edge; if
the bit is clear, the trigger is on the falling edge. When
a valid edge appears on the RBx/INTx pin, the
corresponding flag bit, INTxIF, is set. This interrupt can
be disabled by clearing the corresponding enable bit,
INTxIE. Flag bit, INTxIF, must be cleared in software in
the Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) before re-enabling
the interrupt.
All external interrupts (INT0, INT1, INT2 and INT3) can
wake-up the processor from the power-managed
modes if bit, INTxIE, was set prior to going into the
power-managed modes. If the Global Interrupt Enable
bit, GIE, is set, the processor will branch to the interrupt
vector following wake-up.
Interrupt priority for INT1, INT2 and INT3 is determined
by the value contained in the Interrupt Priority bits,
INT1IP (INTCON3<6>), INT2IP (INTCON3<7>) and
INT3IP (INTCON2<1>). There is no priority bit
associated with INT0. It is always a high-priority
interrupt source.
10.7 TMR0 Interrupt
In 8-bit mode (which is the default), an overflow in the
TMR0 register (FFh 00h) will set flag bit, TMR0IF. In
16-bit mode, an overflow in the TMR0H:TMR0L register
pair (FFFFh 0000h) will set TMR0IF. The interrupt
can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit,
TMR0IE (INTCON<5>). Interrupt priority for Timer0 is
determined by the value contained in the interrupt
priority bit, TMR0IP (INTCON2<2>). See Section 12.0
“Timer0 Module” for further details on the Timer0
module.
10.8 PORTB Interrupt-on-Change
An input change on PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit, RBIF
(INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/disabled
by setting/clearing enable bit, RBIE (INTCON<3>).
Interrupt priority for PORTB interrupt-on-change is
determined by the value contained in the interrupt
priority bit, RBIP (INTCON2<0>).
10.9 Context Saving During Int errupts
During interrupts, the return PC address is saved on
the stack. Additionally, the WREG, STATUS and BSR
registers are saved on the Fast Return Stack (FSR). If
a fast return from interrupt is not used (see Section 6.3
“Data Memory Organization”), the user may need to
save the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers on entry
to the Interrupt Service Routine. Depending on the
user’s application, other registers may also need to be
saved. Example 10-1 saves and restores the WREG,
STATUS and BSR registers during an Interrupt Service
Routine.
EXAMPLE 10-1: SAVING STATUS, WREG AND BSR REGISTERS IN RAM
MOVWF W_TEMP ; W_TEMP is in virtual bank
MOVFF STATUS, STATUS_TEMP ; STATUS_TEMP located anywhere
MOVFF BSR, BSR_TEMP ; BSR_TMEP located anywhere
;
; USER ISR CODE
;
MOVFF BSR_TEMP, BSR ; Restore BSR
MOVF W_TEMP, W ; Restore WREG
MOVFF STATUS_TEMP, STATUS ; Restore STATUS
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11.0 I/O PORTS
Depending on the device selected and features
enabled, there are up to nine ports available. Some
pins of the I/O ports are multiplexed with an alternate
function from the peripheral features on the device. In
general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not
be used as a general purpose I/O pin.
Each port has three registers for its operation. These
registers are:
• TRIS register (Data Direction register)
• PORT register (reads the levels on the pins of the
device)
• LAT register (Output Latch register)
The Output Latch (LAT register) is useful for
read-modify-write operations on the value that the I/O
pins are driving.
A simplified model of a generic I/O port, without the
interfaces to other peripherals, is shown in Figure 11-1.
FIGURE 11-1: GENERIC I/O PORT
OPERATION
11.1 I/O Port Pin Capabilities
When developing an application, the capabilities of the
port pins must be considered. Outputs on some pins
have higher output drive strength than others. Similarly,
some pins can tolerate higher than VDD input levels.
11.1.1 PIN OUTPUT DRIVE
The output pin drive strengths vary for groups of pins
intended to meet the needs for a variety of applications.
PORTB and PORTC are designed to drive higher
loads, such as LEDs. The external memory interface
ports (PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ) are designed to
drive medium loads. All other ports are designed for
small loads, typically indication only. Ta bl e 11 - 1 sum-
marizes the output capabilities. Refer to Section 28.0
“Electri cal Characte ristics” for more details.
TABLE 11-1: OUTPUT DRIVE LEVELS
Data
Bus
WR LAT
WR TRIS
RD PORT
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRIS
Input
Buffer
I/O Pin
QD
CK
Q
D
CK
EN
QD
EN
RD LAT
or PORT
Port Drive Description
PORTA(1) Minimum Intended for indication.
PORTF(2)
PORTG(2)
PORTH(3)
PORTD(2) Medium Sufficient drive levels for
external memory interfacing,
as well as indication.
PORTE
PORTJ(3)
PORTB High Suitable for direct LED drive
levels.
PORTC
Note 1: The exceptions are RA<1:0>, which are
capable of directly driving LEDs.
2: Partially implemented on 64-pin and
80-pin devices; fully implemented on
100-pin devices.
3: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices.
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11.1.2 INPUT PINS AND VOLTAGE
CONSIDERATIONS
The voltage tolerance of pins used as device inputs is
dependent on the pin’s input function. Pins that are used
as digital only inputs are able to handle DC voltages up
to 5.5V, a level typical for digital logic circuits. In contrast,
pins that also have analog input functions of any kind
can only tolerate voltages up to VDD. Voltage excursions
beyond VDD on these pins are always to be avoided.
Table 11-2 summarizes the input capabilities. Refer to
Section 28.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for more
details.
TABLE 11-2: INPUT VOLTAGE LEVELS
11.2 PORTA, TRISA and
LATA Registers
PORTA is a 6-bit wide, bidirectional port; it is fully
implemented on all devices. The corresponding Data
Direction register is TRISA. Setting a TRISA bit (= 1)
will make the corresponding PORTA pin an input (i.e.,
put the corresponding output driver in a
High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., put
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the
pins, whereas writing to it, will write to the port latch.
The Output Latch register (LATA) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATA
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTA.
The RA4 pin is multiplexed with the Timer0 module
clock input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The other
PORTA pins are multiplexed with the analog VREF+ and
VREF- inputs. The operation of pins, RA<5:0>, as A/D
Converter inputs is selected by clearing or setting the
PCFG<3:0> control bits in the ADCON1 register.
The RA4/T0CKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. All other
PORTA pins have TTL input levels and full CMOS
output drivers.
The TRISA register controls the direction of the PORTA
pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs.
The user must ensure the bits in the TRISA register are
maintained set when using them as analog inputs.
The RA0 and RA1 pins can also be configured as the
outputs for the two Ethernet LED indicators. When
configured, these two pins are the only pins on PORTA
that are capable of high output drive levels.
Although the port is only six bits wide, PORTA<7> is
implemented as RJPU, the weak pull-up control bit for
PORTJ. In a similar fashion, the LATA<7:6> bits are
implemented, not as latch bits, but the pull-up control
bits, RDPU and REPU, for PORTD and PORTE.
Setting these bits enables the pull-ups for the corre-
sponding port. Because their port pins are not used, the
TRISA<7:6> bits are not implemented.
EXAMPLE 11-1: INITIALIZING PORTA
Port or Pin Tolerated
Input Description
PORTA<5,3:0> VDD Only VDD input levels
tolerated.
PORTF<6:1>(1)
PORTH<7:4>(2)
PORTA<4> 5.5V Tolerates input levels
above VDD, useful for
most standard logic.
PORTB<7:0>
PORTC<7:0>
PORTD<7:0>(1)
PORTE<7:0>
PORTF<7>
PORTG<7:0>(1)
PORTH<3:0>(2)
PORTJ<7:0>(2)
Note 1: Partially implemented on 64-pin and
80-pin devices; fully implemented on
100-pin devices.
2: Unavailable in 64-pin devices.
Note: RA5 and RA<3:0> are configured as
analog inputs on any Reset and are read
as ‘0’. RA4 is configured as a digital input.
CLRF PORTA ; Initialize PORTA by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATA ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 07h ; Configure A/D
MOVWF ADCON1 ; for digital inputs
MOVWF 07h ; Configure comparators
MOVWF CMCON ; for digital input
MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISA ; Set RA<3:0> as inputs
; RA<5:4> as outputs
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TABLE 11-3: PORTA FUNCTIONS
TABLE 11-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RA0/LEDA/AN0 RA0 0O DIG LATA<0> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I TTL PORTA<0> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
LEDA 0O DIG Ethernet LEDA output; takes priority over digital data.
AN0 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 0. Default input configuration on POR; does not
affect digital output.
RA1/LEDB/AN1 RA1 0O DIG LATA<1> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I TTL PORTA<1> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
LEDB 0O DIG Ethernet LEDB output; takes priority over digital data.
AN1 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 1. Default input configuration on POR; does not
affect digital output.
RA2/AN2/VREF-RA2 0O DIG LATA<2> data output; not affected by analog input. Disabled when
CVREF output is enabled.
1I TTL PORTA<2> data input. Disabled when analog functions are enabled;
disabled when CVREF output is enabled.
AN2 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 2 and Comparator C2+ input. Default input
configuration on POR; not affected by analog output.
VREF-1I ANA A/D and comparator low reference voltage input.
RA3/AN3/VREF+RA3 0O DIG LATA<3> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I TTL PORTA<3> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
AN3 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 3. Default input configuration on POR.
VREF+1I ANA A/D high reference voltage input.
RA4/T0CKI RA4 0O DIG LATA<4> data output.
1I ST PORTA<4> data input; default configuration on POR.
T0CKI xI ST Timer0 clock input.
RA5/AN4 RA5 0O DIG LATA<5> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I TTL PORTA<5> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
AN4 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 4. Default configuration on POR.
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
V al ues on
Page:
PORTA RJPU(1) — RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 72
LATA RDPU REPU LATA5 LATA4 LATA3 LATA2 LATA1 LATA0 72
TRISA —— TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 71
ADCON1 — — VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 70
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA.
Note 1: Implemented in 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
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11.3 PORTB, TRISB and
LATB Registers
PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port; it is fully
implemented on all devices. The corresponding Data
Direction register is TRISB. Setting a TRISB bit (= 1)
will make the corresponding PORTB pin an input (i.e.,
put the corresponding output driver in a
High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e., put
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). All
pins on PORTB are digital only and tolerate voltages up
to 5.5V.
The Output Latch register (LATB) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATB
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTB.
EXAMPLE 11-2: INITIALIZING PORTB
Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A
single control bit can turn on all of the pull-ups. This is
performed by clearing bit, RBPU (INTCON2<7>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are
disabled on all Resets.
Four of the PORTB pins (RB<7:4>) have an
interrupt-on-change feature. Only pins configured as
inputs can cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any
RB<7:4> pin configured as an output is excluded from
the interrupt-on-change comparison). The input pins (of
RB<7:4>) are compared with the old value latched on
the last read of PORTB. The “mismatch” outputs of
RB<7:4> are ORed together to generate the RB Port
Change Interrupt Flag bit, RBIF (INTCON<0>).
This interrupt can wake the device from
power-managed modes. The user, in the Interrupt
Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following
manner:
a) Any read or write of PORTB (except with the
MOVFF (ANY), PORTB instruction). This will
end the mismatch condition.
b) Clear flag bit, RBIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit, RBIF.
Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and
allow flag bit, RBIF, to be cleared.
The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for
wake-up on key depression operation and operations
where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change
feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while
using the interrupt-on-change feature.
For 100-pin devices operating in Extended Micro-
controller mode, RB3 can be configured as the
alternate peripheral pin for the ECCP2 module and
Enhanced PWM Output 2A by clearing the CCP2MX
Configuration bit. If the devices are in Microcontroller
mode, the alternate assignment for ECCP2 is RE7. As
with other ECCP2 configurations, the user must ensure
that the TRISB<3> bit is set appropriately for the
intended operation.
CLRF PORTB ; Initialize PORTB by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATB ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISB ; Set RB<3:0> as inputs
; RB<5:4> as outputs
; RB<7:6> as inputs
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TABLE 11-5: PORTB FUNCTIONS
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RB0/INT0/FLT0 RB0 0O DIG LATB<0> data output.
1I TTL PORTB<0> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
INT0 1I ST External Interrupt 0 input.
FLT0 1I ST Enhanced PWM Fault input (ECCP1 module); enabled in software.
RB1/INT1 RB1 0O DIG LATB<1> data output.
1I TTL PORTB<1> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
INT1 1I ST External Interrupt 1 input.
RB2/INT2 RB2 0O DIG LATB<2> data output.
1I TTL PORTB<2> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
INT2 1I ST External Interrupt 2 input.
RB3/INT3/
ECCP2/P2A
RB3 0O DIG LATB<3> data output.
1I TTL PORTB<3> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
INT3 1I ST External Interrupt 3 input.
ECCP2(1) 0O DIG ECCP2 compare output and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
1I ST ECCP2 capture input.
P2A(1) 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for tri-state
during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data.
RB4/KBI0 RB4 0O DIG LATB<4> data output.
1I TTL PORTB<4> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
KBI0 1I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.
RB5/KBI1 RB5 0O DIG LATB<5> data output.
1I TTL PORTB<5> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
KBI1 1I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.
RB6/KBI2/PGC RB6 0O DIG LATB<6> data output.
1I TTL PORTB<6> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
KBI2 1I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.
PGC xI ST Serial execution (ICSP™) clock input for ICSP and ICD operation.(2)
RB7/KBI3/PGD RB7 0O DIG LATB<7> data output.
1I TTL PORTB<7> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
KBI3 1I TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.
PGD xO DIG Serial execution data output for ICSP and ICD operation.(2)
xI ST Serial execution data input for ICSP and ICD operation.(2)
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (100-pin devices in Extended
Microcontroller mode). Default assignment is RC1.
2: All other pin functions are disabled when ICSP or ICD is enabled.
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TABLE 11-6: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 72
LATB LATB7 LATB6 LATB5 LATB4 LATB3 LATB2 LATB1 LATB0 72
TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 71
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
INTCON2 RBPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 INTEDG3 TMR0IP INT3IP RBIP 69
INTCON3 INT2IP INT1IP INT3IE INT2IE INT1IE INT3IF INT2IF INT1IF 69
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTB.
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11.4 PORTC, TRISC and
LATC Registers
PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port; it is fully
implemented on all devices. The corresponding Data
Direction register is TRISC. Setting a TRISC bit (= 1)
will make the corresponding PORTC pin an input (i.e.,
put the corresponding output driver in a
High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e., put
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Only PORTC pins, RC2 through RC7, are digital only
pins and can tolerate input voltages up to 5.5V.
The Output Latch register (LATC) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATC
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTC.
PORTC is multiplexed with several peripheral functions
(Table 11-7). The pins have Schmitt Trigger input
buffers. RC1 is normally configured by Configuration
bit, CCP2MX, as the default peripheral pin for the
ECCP2 module and Enhanced PWM output, P2A
(default state, CCP2MX = 1).
When enabling peripheral functions, care should be
taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an output,
while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a
pin an input. The user should refer to the corresponding
peripheral section for the correct TRIS bit settings.
The contents of the TRISC register are affected by
peripheral overrides. Reading TRISC always returns
the current contents, even though a peripheral device
may be overriding one or more of the pins.
EXAMPLE 11-3: INITIALIZING PORTC
Note: These pins are configured as digital inputs
on any device Reset.
CLRF PORTC ; Initialize PORTC by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATC ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISC ; Set RC<3:0> as inputs
; RC<5:4> as outputs
; RC<7:6> as inputs
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DS39762F-page 152 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 11-7: PORTC FUNCTIONS
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RC0/T1OSO/
T13CKI
RC0 0O DIG LATC<0> data output.
1I ST PORTC<0> data input.
T1OSO xO ANA Timer1 oscillator output; enabled when Timer1 oscillator is enabled.
Disables digital I/O.
T13CKI 1I ST Timer1/Timer3 counter input.
RC1/T1OSI/
ECCP2/P2A
RC1 0O DIG LATC<1> data output.
1I ST PORTC<1> data input.
T1OSI xI ANA Timer1 oscillator input; enabled when Timer1 oscillator is enabled. Disables
digital I/O.
ECCP2(1) 0O DIG ECCP2 compare output and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
1I ST ECCP2 capture input.
P2A(1) 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for tri-state
during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data.
RC2/ECCP1/
P1A
RC2 0O DIG LATC<2> data output.
1I ST PORTC<2> data input.
ECCP1 0O DIG ECCP1 compare output and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
1I ST ECCP1 capture input.
P1A 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for tri-state
during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data.
RC3/SCK1/
SCL1
RC3 0O DIG LATC<3> data output.
1I ST PORTC<3> data input.
SCK1 0O DIG SPI clock output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.
1I ST SPI clock input (MSSP1 module).
SCL1 0ODIGI
2C™ clock output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.
1ISTI
2C clock input (MSSP1 module); input type depends on module setting.
RC4/SDI1/
SDA1
RC4 0O DIG LATC<4> data output.
1I ST PORTC<4> data input.
SDI1 1I ST SPI data input (MSSP1 module).
SDA1 1ODIGI
2C data output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.
1ISTI
2C data input (MSSP1 module); input type depends on module setting.
RC5/SDO1 RC5 0O DIG LATC<5> data output.
1I ST PORTC<5> data input.
SDO1 0O DIG SPI data output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.
RC6/TX1/CK1 RC6 0O DIG LATC<6> data output.
1I ST PORTC<6> data input.
TX1 1O DIG Synchronous serial data output (EUSART1 module); takes priority over port data.
CK1 1O DIG Synchronous serial data input (EUSART1 module). User must configure as
an input.
1I ST Synchronous serial clock input (EUSART1 module).
RC7/RX1/DT1 RC7 0O DIG LATC<7> data output.
1I ST PORTC<7> data input.
RX1 1I ST Asynchronous serial receive data input (EUSART1 module).
DT1 1O DIG Synchronous serial data output (EUSART1 module); takes priority over
port data.
1I ST Synchronous serial data input (EUSART1 module). User must configure as
an input.
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
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TABLE 11-8: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 72
LATC LATC7 LATC6 LATC5 LATC4 LATC3 LATC2 LATC1 LATC0 72
TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 71
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11.5 PORTD, TRISD and
LATD Registers
PORTD is implemented as a bidirectional port in two
ways:
• 64-pin and 80-pin devices: 3 bits (RD<2:0>)
• 100-pin devices: 8 bits (RD<7:0>)
The corresponding Data Direction register is TRISD.
Setting a TRISD bit (= 1) will make the corresponding
PORTD pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output
driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISD
bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTD pin an
output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the
selected pin). All pins on PORTD are digital only and
tolerate voltages up to 5.5V.
The Output Latch register (LATD) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATD
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTD.
All pins on PORTD are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
On 100-pin devices, PORTD is multiplexed with the
system bus as part of the external memory interface.
I/O port and other functions are only available when the
interface is disabled by setting the EBDIS bit
(MEMCON<7>). When the interface is enabled,
PORTD is the low-order byte of the multiplexed
address/data bus (AD<7:0>). The TRISD bits are also
overridden.
Each of the PORTD pins has a weak internal pull-up. A
single control bit can turn on all of the pull-ups. This is
performed by setting the RDPU bit (LATA<7>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are
disabled on all device Resets.
On 100-pin devices, PORTD can also be configured to
function as an 8-bit wide, parallel microprocessor port
by setting the PSPMODE control bit (PSPCON<4>). In
this mode, parallel port data takes priority over other
digital I/O (but not the external memory interface).
When the parallel port is active, the input buffers are
TTL. For more information, refer to Section 11.11
“Parallel Slave Port (PSP)”.
EXAMPLE 11-4: INITIALIZING PORTD
Note: These pins are configured as digital inputs
on any device Reset.
CLRF PORTD ; Initialize PORTD by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATD ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISD ; Set RD<3:0> as inputs
; RD<5:4> as outputs
; RD<7:6> as inputs
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TABLE 11-9: PORTD FUNCTIONS
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RD0/AD0/PSP0
(RD0/P1B)
RD0 0O DIG LATD<0> data output.
1I ST PORTD<0> data input; weak pull-up when RDPU bit is set.
AD0(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 0 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 0 input.(2)
PSP0(1) xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<0>); takes priority over port data.
xI TTL PSP write data input.
P1B(3) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RD1/AD1/PSP1
(RD1/ECCP3/
P3A)
RD1 0O DIG LATD<1> data output.
1I ST PORTD<1> data input; weak pull-up when RDPU bit is set.
AD1(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 1 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 1 input.(2)
PSP1(1) xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<1>); takes priority over port data.
xI TTL PSP write data input.
ECCP3(3) 0O DIG ECCP3 compare and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
1I ST ECCP3 capture input.
P3A(3) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RD2/AD2/PSP2
(RD2/CCP4/
P3D)
RD2 0O DIG LATD<2> data output.
1I ST PORTD<2> data input; weak pull-up when RDPU bit is set.
AD2(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 2 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 2 input.(2)
PSP2(1) xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<2>); takes priority over port data.
xI TTL PSP write data input.
CCP4(3) 0O DIG CCP4 compare output and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
1I ST CCP4 capture input.
P3D(3) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RD3/AD3/
PSP3(1) RD3(1) 0O DIG LATD<3> data output.
1I ST PORTD<3> data input; weak pull-up when RDPU bit is set.
AD3(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 3 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 3 input.(2)
PSP3(1) xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<3>); takes priority over port data.
xI TTL PSP write data input.
RD4/AD4/
PSP4/SDO2(1) RD4(1) 0O DIG LATD<4> data output.
1I ST PORTD<4> data input; weak pull-up when RDPU bit is set.
AD4(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 4 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 4 input.(2)
PSP4(1) xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<4>); takes priority over port data.
xI TTL PSP write data input.
SDO2(1) 0O DIG SPI data output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: These features or port pins are implemented only on 100-pin devices.
2: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.
3: These features are implemented on this pin only on 64-pin devices; for all other devices, they are multiplexed with
RE6/RH7 (P1B), RG0 (ECCP3/P3A) or RG3 (CCP4/P3D).
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TABLE 11-10: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD
RD5/AD5/
PSP5/SDI2/
SDA2(1)
RD5(1) 0O DIG LATD<5> data output.
1I ST PORTD<5> data input; weak pull-up when RDPU bit is set.
AD5(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 5 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 5 input.(2)
PSP5(1) xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<5>); takes priority over port data.
xI TTL PSP write data input.
SDI2(1) 1I ST SPI data input (MSSP2 module).
SDA2(1) 1ODIGI
2C™ data output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.
1ISTI
2C data input (MSSP2 module); input type depends on module
setting.
RD6/AD6/
PSP6/SCK2/
SCL2(1)
RD6(1) 0O DIG LATD<6> data output.
1I ST PORTD<6> data input; weak pull-up when RDPU bit is set.
AD6(1) xO DIG-3 External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 6 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 6 input.(2)
PSP6(1) xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<6>); takes priority over port data.
xI TTL PSP write data input.
SCK2(1) 0O DIG SPI clock output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.
1I ST SPI clock input (MSSP2 module).
SCL2(1) 0ODIGI
2C clock output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.
1ISTI
2C clock input (MSSP2 module); input type depends on module
setting.
RD7/AD7/
PSP7/SS2(1) RD7(1) 0O DIG LATD<7> data output.
1I ST PORTD<7> data input; weak pull-up when RDPU bit is set.
AD7(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 7 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 7 input.(2)
PSP7(1) xO DIG PSP read output data (LATD<7>); takes priority over port data.
xI TTL PSP write data input.
SS2(1) xI TTL Slave select input for MSSP2 module.
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
PORTD RD7(1) RD6(1) RD5(1) RD4(1) RD3(1) RD2 RD1 RD0 72
LATD LATD7(1) LATD6(1) LATD5(1) LATD4(1) LATD3(1) LATD2 LATD1 LATD0 72
TRISD TRISD7(1) TRISD6(1) TRISD5(1) TRISD4(1) TRISD3(1) TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 71
LATA RDPU REPU LATA5 LATA4 LATA3 LATA2 LATA1 LATA0 72
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTD.
Note 1: Unimplemented on 64-pin and 80-pin devices; read as ‘0’.
TABLE 11-9: PORTD FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: These features or port pins are implemented only on 100-pin devices.
2: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.
3: These features are implemented on this pin only on 64-pin devices; for all other devices, they are multiplexed with
RE6/RH7 (P1B), RG0 (ECCP3/P3A) or RG3 (CCP4/P3D).
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11.6 PORTE, TRISE and
LATE Registers
PORTE is implemented as a bidirectional port in two
different ways:
• 64-pin devices: 6 bits wide (RE<5:0>)
• 80-pin and 100-pin devices: 8 bits wide (RE<7:0>)
The corresponding Data Direction register is TRISE.
Setting a TRISE bit (= 1) will make the corresponding
PORTE pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output
driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISE
bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTE pin an
output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the
selected pin). All pins on PORTE are digital only and
tolerate voltages up to 5.5V.
The Output Latch register (LATE) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATE
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTE.
All pins on PORTE are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
On 100-pin devices, PORTE is multiplexed with the
system bus as part of the external memory interface.
I/O port and other functions are only available when the
interface is disabled by setting the EBDIS bit
(MEMCON<7>). When the interface is enabled,
PORTE is the high-order byte of the multiplexed
address/data bus (AD<15:8>). The TRISE bits are also
overridden.
Each of the PORTE pins has a weak internal pull-up. A
single control bit can turn on all of the pull-ups. This is
performed by setting bit, REPU (LATA<6>). The weak
pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is
configured as an output. The pull-ups are disabled on
all device Resets.
PORTE is also multiplexed with Enhanced PWM
Outputs B and C for ECCP1 and ECCP3 and Outputs
B, C and D for ECCP2. For 80-pin and 100-pin devices,
their default assignments are on PORTE<6:0>. For
64-pin devices, their default assignments are on
PORTE<5:0> and PORTD<0>. On 80-pin and 100-pin
devices, the multiplexing for the outputs of ECCP1 and
ECCP3 is controlled by the ECCPMX Configuration bit.
Clearing this bit reassigns the P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C
outputs to PORTH.
For 80-pin and 100-pin devices operating in Micro-
controller mode, pin, RE7, can be configured as the
alternate peripheral pin for the ECCP2 module and
Enhanced PWM Output 2A. This is done by clearing
the CCP2MX Configuration bit.
When the Parallel Slave Port is active on PORTD, three
of the PORTE pins (RE0, RE1 and RE2) are configured
as digital control inputs for the port. The control
functions are summarized in Table 11-11. The reconfig-
uration occurs automatically when the PSPMODE
control bit (PSPCON<4>) is set. Users must still make
certain the corresponding TRISE bits are set to
configure these pins as digital inputs.
EXAMPLE 11-5: INITIALIZING PORTE
Note: These pins are configured as digital inputs
on any device Reset.
CLRF PORTE ; Initialize PORTE by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATE ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 03h ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISE ; Set RE<1:0> as inputs
; RE<7:2> as outputs
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TABLE 11-11: PORTE FUNCTIONS
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RE0/AD8/RD/
P2D
RE0 0O DIG LATE<0> data output.
1I ST PORTE<0> data input; weak pull-up when REPU bit is set.
AD8(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 8 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data bit 8 input.(2)
RD(6) 1I TTL Parallel Slave Port read enable control input.
P2D 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE1/AD9/WR/
P2C
RE1 0O DIG LATE<1> data output.
1I ST PORTE<1> data input; weak pull-up when REPU bit is set.
AD9(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 9 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 9 input.(2)
WR(6) 1I TTL Parallel Slave Port write enable control input.
P2C 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE2/AD10/CS/
P2B
RE2 0O DIG LATE<2> data output.
1I ST PORTE<2> data input; weak pull-up when REPU bit is set.
AD10(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 10 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 10 input.(2)
CS(6) 1I TTL Parallel Slave Port chip select control input.
P2B 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE3/AD11/
P3C
RE3 0O DIG LATE<3> data output.
1I ST PORTE<3> data input; weak pull-up when REPU bit is set.
AD11(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 11 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 11 input.(2)
P3C(3) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE4/AD12/
P3B
RE4 0O DIG LATE<4> data output.
1I ST PORTE<4> data input; weak pull-up when REPU bit is set.
AD12(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 12 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 12 input.(2)
P3B(3) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, channel B; takes priority over port and
PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: EMB functions are implemented on 100-pin devices only.
2: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when ECCPMX Configuration bit is set (80-pin and 100-pin devices).
4: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices.
5: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (80-pin and 100-pin devices in
Microcontroller mode).
6: Unimplemented on 64-pin and 80-pin devices.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 159
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TABLE 1 1-12: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE
RE5/AD13/
P1C
RE5 0O DIG LATE<5> data output.
1I ST PORTE<5> data input; weak pull-up when REPU bit is set.
AD13(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 13 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 13 input.(2)
P1C(3) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE6/AD14/
P1B(4) RE6 0O DIG LATE<6> data output.
1I ST PORTE<6> data input; weak pull-up when REPU bit is set.
AD14(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 14 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 14 input.(2)
P1B(3) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE7/AD15/
ECCP2/P2A(4) RE7 0O DIG LATE<7> data output.
1I ST PORTE<7> data input; weak pull-up when REPU bit is set.
AD15(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address/Data Bit 15 output.(2)
xI TTL External memory interface, Data Bit 15 input.(2)
ECCP2(5) 0O DIG ECCP2 compare output and PWM output; takes priority over
port data.
1I ST ECCP2 capture input.
P2A(5) 0O DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
PORTE RE7(1) RE6(1) RE5 RE4 RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 72
LATE LATE7(1) LATE6(1) LATE5 LATE4 LATE3 LATE2 LATE1 LATE0 72
TRISE TRISE7(1) TRISE6(1) TRISE5 TRISE4 TRISE3 TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0 71
LATA RDPU REPU LATA5 LATA4 LATA3 LATA2 LATA1 LATA0 72
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTE.
Note 1: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices; read as ‘0’.
TABLE 11-11: PORTE FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: EMB functions are implemented on 100-pin devices only.
2: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when ECCPMX Configuration bit is set (80-pin and 100-pin devices).
4: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices.
5: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (80-pin and 100-pin devices in
Microcontroller mode).
6: Unimplemented on 64-pin and 80-pin devices.
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11.7 PORTF, LATF and TRISF Registers
PORTF is implemented as a bidirectional port in two
different ways:
• 64-pin and 80-pin devices: 7 bits wide (RF<7:1>)
• 100-pin devices: 8 bits wide (RF<7:0>)
The corresponding Data Direction register is TRISF.
Setting a TRISF bit (= 1) will make the corresponding
PORTF pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output
driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISF
bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTF pin an
output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the
selected pin). Only Pin 7 of PORTF has no analog
input; it is the only pin that can tolerate voltages up to
5.5V.
The Output Latch register (LATF) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATF
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTF.
All pins on PORTF are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
PORTF is multiplexed with several analog peripheral
functions, including the A/D Converter and comparator
inputs, as well as the comparator outputs. Pins, RF1
through RF6, may be used as comparator inputs or
outputs by setting the appropriate bits in the CMCON
register. To use RF<6:1> as digital inputs, it is also
necessary to turn off the comparators.
EXAMPL E 11-6: INIT IA LI ZI NG PORTF
Note 1: On device Resets, pins, RF<6:1>, are
configured as analog inputs and are read
as ‘0’.
2: To configure PORTF as digital I/O, turn
off the comparators and set the ADCON1
value.
CLRF PORTF ; Initialize PORTF by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATF ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 07h ;
MOVWF CMCON ; Turn off comparators
MOVLW 0Fh ;
MOVWF ADCON1 ; Set PORTF as digital I/O
MOVLW 0CEh ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISF ; Set RF3:RF1 as inputs
; RF5:RF4 as outputs
; RF7:RF6 as inputs
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TABLE 11-13: PORTF FUNCTIONS
TABLE 11-14: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTF
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RF0/AN5(1) RF0(1) 0O DIG LATF<0> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I ST PORTF<0> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
AN5(1) 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 5. Default configuration on POR.
RF1/AN6/
C2OUT
RF1 0O DIG LATF<1> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I ST PORTF<1> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
AN6 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 6. Default configuration on POR.
C2OUT 0O DIG Comparator 2 output; takes priority over port data.
RF2/AN7/
C1OUT
RF2 0O DIG LATF<2> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I ST PORTF<2> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
AN7 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 7. Default configuration on POR.
C1OUT 0O TTL Comparator 1 output; takes priority over port data.
RF3/AN8 RF3 0O DIG LATF<3> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I ST PORTF<3> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
AN8 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 8 and Comparator C2+ input. Default input configuration on POR;
not affected by analog output.
RF4/AN9 RF4 0O DIG LATF<4> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I ST PORTF<4> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
AN9 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 9 and Comparator C2- input. Default input configuration on POR;
does not affect digital output.
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
RF5 0O DIG LATF<5> data output; not affected by analog input. Disabled when CVREF
output is enabled.
1I ST PORTF<5> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled. Disabled when CVREF
output is enabled.
AN10 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 10 and Comparator C1+ input. Default input configuration on POR.
CVREF xO ANA Comparator voltage reference output. Enabling this feature disables digital I/O.
RF6/AN11 RF6 0O DIG LATF<6> data output; not affected by analog input.
1I ST PORTF<6> data input; disabled when analog input is enabled.
AN11 1I ANA A/D Input Channel 11 and Comparator C1- input. Default input configuration on POR;
does not affect digital output.
RF7/SS1 RF7 0O DIG LATF<7> data output.
1I ST PORTF<7> data input.
SS1 1I TTL Slave select input for MSSP1 module.
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Implemented on 100-pin devices only.
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
PORTF RF7 RF6 RF5 RF4 RF3 RF2 RF1 RF0(1) 72
LATF LATF7 LATF6 LATF5 LATF4 LATF3 LATF2 LATF1 LATF0(1) 72
TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 TRISF0(1) 71
ADCON1 — — VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 70
CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 70
CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 70
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTF.
Note 1: Implemented on 100-pin devices only.
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DS39762F-page 162 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
11.8 PORTG, TRISG and
LATG Registers
Depending on the particular device, PORTG is
implemented as a bidirectional port in one of three
ways:
• 64-pin devices: 1 bit wide (RG<4>)
• 80-pin devices: 5 bits wide (RG<4:0>)
• 100-pin devices: 8 bits wide (RG<7:0>)
The corresponding Data Direction register is TRISG.
Setting a TRISG bit (= 1) will make the corresponding
PORTG pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output
driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISG
bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTG pin an
output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the
selected pin). All pins on PORTG are digital only and
tolerate voltages up to 5.5V.
The Output Latch register (LATG) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATG
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTG.
PORTG is multiplexed with EUSART2 functions on
80-pin and 100-pin devices (Table 11-15). PORTG pins
have Schmitt Trigger input buffers.
When enabling peripheral functions, care should be
taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTG pin. Some
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an
output, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to
make a pin an input. The user should refer to the
corresponding peripheral section for the correct TRIS
bit settings. The pin override value is not loaded into
the TRIS register. This allows read-modify-write of the
TRIS register without concern due to peripheral
overrides.
EXAMPLE 11-7: INITIALIZING PORTG
CLRF PORTG ; Initialize PORTG by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATG ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 04h ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISG ; Set RG1:RG0 as outputs
; RG2 as input
; RG4:RG3 as inputs
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 163
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TABLE 11-15: PORTG FUNCTIONS
TABLE 11-16: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTG
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RG0/ECCP3/
P3A(1) RG0(1) 0O DIG LATG<0> data output.
1I ST PORTG<0> data input.
ECCP3(1) 0O DIG ECCP3 compare and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
1I ST ECCP3 capture input.
P3A(1) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RG1/TX2/
CK2(1) RG1(1) 0O DIG LATG<1> data output.
1I ST PORTG<1> data input.
TX2(1) 1O DIG Synchronous serial data output (EUSART2 module); takes priority over port data.
CK2(1) 1O DIG Synchronous serial data input (EUSART2 module). User must configure as an input.
1I ST Synchronous serial clock input (EUSART2 module).
RG2/RX2/
DT2(1) RG2(1) 0O DIG LATG<2> data output.
1I ST PORTG<2> data input.
RX2(1) 1I ST Asynchronous serial receive data input (EUSART2 module).
DT2(1) 1O DIG Synchronous serial data output (EUSART2 module); takes priority over port data.
1I ST Synchronous serial data input (EUSART2 module). User must configure as an input.
RG3/CCP4/
P3D(1) RG3(1) 0O DIG LATG<3> data output.
1I ST PORTG<3> data input.
CCP4(1) 0O DIG CCP4 compare output and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
1I ST CCP4 capture input.
P3D(1) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RG4/CCP5/
P1D
RG4 0O DIG LATG<4> data output.
1I ST PORTG<4> data input.
CCP5 0O DIG CCP5 compare output and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
1I ST CCP5 capture input.
P1D 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RG5(2) RG5(2) 0O DIG LATG<0> data output.
1I ST PORTG<0> data input.
RG6(2) RG6(2) 0O DIG LATG<0> data output.
1I ST PORTG<0> data input.
RG7(2) RG7(2) 0O DIG LATG<0> data output.
1I ST PORTG<0> data input.
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Implemented on 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
2: Implemented on 100-pin devices only.
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values on
Page:
PORTG RG7(1) RG6(1) RG5(1) RG4 RG3(2) RG2(2) RG1(2) RG0(2) 72
LATG LATG7(1) LATG6(1) LATG5(1) LATG4 LATG3(2) LATG2(2) LATG1(2) LATG0(2) 72
TRISG TRISG7(1) TRISG6(1) TRISG5(1) TRISG4 TRISG3(2) TRISG2(2) TRISG1(2) TRISG0(2) 71
Note 1: Implemented on 100-pin devices only.
2: Implemented on 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
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DS39762F-page 164 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
11.9 PORTH, LATH and
TRISH Registers
PORTH is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional I/O port; it is fully
implemented on 80-pin and 100-pin devices. The
corresponding Data Direction register is TRISH. Set-
ting a TRISH bit (= 1) will make the corresponding
PORTH pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output
driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISH
bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTH pin an
output (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the
selected pin). PORTH<3:0> pins are digital only and
tolerate voltages up to 5.5V.
The Output Latch register (LATH) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATH
register, read and write the latched output value for
PORTH.
All pins on PORTH are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
When the external memory interface is enabled, four of
the PORTH pins function as the high-order address
lines for the interface. The address output from the
interface takes priority over other digital I/O. The
corresponding TRISH bits are also overridden.
PORTH pins, RH4 through RH7, are multiplexed with
analog converter inputs. The operation of these pins as
analog inputs is selected by clearing or setting the
PCFG<3:0> control bits in the ADCON1 register.
PORTH can also be configured as the alternate
Enhanced PWM Output Channels B and C for the
ECCP1 and ECCP3 modules. This is done by clearing
the ECCPMX Configuration bit.
EXAMPL E 11-8: INIT IA LI ZI NG PORTH
Note: PORTH is available only on 80-pin and
100-pin devices.
CLRF PORTH ; Initialize PORTH by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATH ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 0Fh ; Configure PORTH as
MOVWF ADCON1 ; digital I/O
MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISH ; Set RH3:RH0 as inputs
; RH5:RH4 as outputs
; RH7:RH6 as inputs
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 165
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TABLE 11-17: PORTH FUNCTIONS
TABLE 11-18: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTH
Pin Nam e Fu n c tion TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RH0/A16 RH0 0O DIG LATH<0> data output.
1I ST PORTH<0> data input.
A16(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address Line 16. Takes priority over port data.
RH1/A17 RH1 0O DIG LATH<1> data output.
1I ST PORTH<1> data input.
A17(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address Line 17. Takes priority over port data.
RH2/A18 RH2 0O DIG LATH<2> data output.
1I ST PORTH<2> data input.
A18(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address Line 18. Takes priority over port data.
RH3/A19 RH3 0O DIG LATH<3> data output.
1I ST PORTH<3> data input.
A19(1) xO DIG External memory interface, Address Line 19. Takes priority over port data.
RH4/AN12/P3C RH4 0O DIG LATH<4> data output.
1I ST PORTH<4> data input.
AN12 I ANA A/D Input Channel 12. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect
digital output.
P3C(2) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RH5/AN13/P3B RH5 0O DIG LATH<5> data output.
1I ST PORTH<5> data input.
AN13 I ANA A/D Input Channel 13. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect
digital output.
P3B(2) 0O DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RH6/AN14/P1C RH6 0O DIG LATH<6> data output.
1I ST PORTH<6> data input.
AN14 I ANA A/D Input Channel 14. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect
digital output.
P1C(2) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RH7/AN15/P1B RH7 0O DIG LATH<7> data output.
1I ST PORTH<7> data input.
AN15 I ANA A/D Input Channel 15. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect
digital output.
P1B(2) 0O DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Unimplemented on 80-pin devices.
2: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared (80-pin and 100-pin
devices only). Default assignments are PORTE<6:3>.
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
PORTH RH7 RH6 RH5 RH4 RH3 RH2 RH1 RH0 72
LATH LATH7 LATH6 LATH5 LATH4 LATH3 LATH2 LATH1 LATH0 71
TRISH TRISH7 TRISH6 TRISH5 TRISH4 TRISH3 TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0 71
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DS39762F-page 166 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
11.10 PORTJ, TRISJ and
LATJ Registers
PORTJ is implemented as a bidirectional port in two
different ways:
• 80-pin devices: 2 bits wide (RJ<5:4>)
• 100-pin devices: 8 bits wide (RJ<7:0>)
The corresponding Data Direction register is TRISJ.
Setting a TRISJ bit (= 1) will make the corresponding
PORTJ pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output
driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a TRISJ
bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTJ pin an out-
put (i.e., put the contents of the output latch on the
selected pin). All pins on PORTJ are digital only and
tolerate voltages up to 5.5V.
The Output Latch register (LATJ) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATJ
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTJ.
All pins on PORTJ are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
When the external memory interface is enabled, all of
the PORTJ pins function as control outputs for the
interface. This occurs automatically when the interface
is enabled by clearing the EBDIS control bit
(MEMCON<7>). The TRISJ bits are also overridden.
Each of the PORTJ pins has a weak internal pull-up. A
single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups. This is
performed by setting bit, RJPU (PORTA<7>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are
disabled on all device Resets.
EXAMPLE 11-9: INITIALIZING PORTJ
Note: PORTJ is available only on 80-pin and
100-pin devices.
Note: These pins are configured as digital inputs
on any device Reset.
CLRF PORTJ ; Initialize PORTG by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF LATJ ; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW 0CFh ; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF TRISJ ; Set RJ3:RJ0 as inputs
; RJ5:RJ4 as output
; RJ7:RJ6 as inputs
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 167
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TABLE 11-19: PORTJ FUNCTIONS
TABLE 11-20: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTJ
Pin Name Function TRIS
Setting I/O I/O
Type Description
RJ0/ALE(1) RJ0(1) 0O DIG LATJ<0> data output.
1I ST PORTJ<0> data input; weak pull-up when RJPU bit is set.
ALE(1) xO DIG External memory interface address latch enable control output; takes
priority over digital I/O.
RJ1/OE(1) RJ1(1) 0O DIG LATJ<1> data output.
1I ST PORTJ<1> data input; weak pull-up when RJPU bit is set.
OE(1) xO DIG External memory interface output enable control output; takes priority
over digital I/O.
RJ2/WRL(1) RJ2(1) 0O DIG LATJ<2> data output.
1I ST PORTJ<2> data input; weak pull-up when RJPU bit is set.
WRL(1) xO DIG External memory bus write low byte control; takes priority over
digital I/O.
RJ3/WRH(1) RJ3(1) 0O DIG LATJ<3> data output.
1I ST PORTJ<3> data input; weak pull-up when RJPU bit is set.
WRH(1) xO DIG External memory interface write high byte control output; takes priority
over digital I/O.
RJ4/BA0 RJ4 0O DIG LATJ<4> data output.
1I ST PORTJ<4> data input; weak pull-up when RJPU bit is set.
BA0(2) xO DIG External Memory Interface Byte Address 0 control output; takes
priority over digital I/O.
RJ5/CE RJ5 0O DIG LATJ<5> data output.
1I ST PORTJ<5> data input; weak pull-up when RJPU bit is set.
CE(2) xO DIG External memory interface chip enable control output; takes priority
over digital I/O.
RJ6/LB(1) RJ6(1) 0O DIG LATJ<6> data output.
1I ST PORTJ<6> data input; weak pull-up when RJPU bit is set.
LB(1) xO DIG External memory interface lower byte enable control output; takes
priority over digital I/O.
RJ7/UB(1) RJ7(1) 0O DIG LATJ<7> data output.
1I ST PORTJ<7> data input; weak pull-up when RJPU bit is set.
UB(1) xO DIG External memory interface upper byte enable control output; takes
priority over digital I/O.
Legend: O = Output, I = Input, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
x = Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Implemented on 100-pin devices only.
2: EMB functions are implemented on 100-pin devices only.
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 B it 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
PORTJ RJ7(1) RJ6(1) RJ5 RJ4 RJ3(1) RJ2(1) RJ1(1) RJ0(1) 72
LATJ LATJ7(1) LATJ6(1) LATJ5 LATJ4 LATJ3(1) LATJ2(1) LATJ1(1) LATJ0(1) 71
TRISJ TRISJ7(1) TRISJ6(1) TRISJ5 TRISJ4 TRISJ3(1) TRISJ2(1) TRISJ1(1) TRISJ0(1) 71
PORTA RJPU —RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 72
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTJ.
Note 1: Implemented on 100-pin devices only.
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DS39762F-page 168 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
11.11 Parallel Slave Port (PSP)
PORTD can also function as an 8-bit wide, Parallel
Slave Port, or microprocessor port, when control bit,
PSPMODE (PSPCON<4>), is set. It is asynchronously
readable and writable by the external world through the
RD control input pin, RE0/AD8/RD/P2D and WR
control input pin, RE1/AD9//WR/P2C.
The PSP can directly interface to an 8-bit micro-
processor data bus. The external microprocessor can
read or write the PORTD latch as an 8-bit latch. Setting
bit, PSPMODE, enables port pin, RE0/AD8/RD/P2D, to
be the RD input, RE1/AD9//WR/P2C to be the WR
input and RE2/AD10//CS/P2B to be the CS (Chip
Select) input. For this functionality, the corresponding
data direction bits of the TRISE register (TRISE<2:0>)
must be configured as inputs (set).
A write to the PSP occurs when both the CS and WR
lines are first detected low and ends when either are
detected high. The PSPIF and IBF flag bits are both set
when the write ends.
A read from the PSP occurs when both the CS and RD
lines are first detected low. The data in PORTD is read
out and the OBF bit is set. If the user writes new data
to PORTD to set OBF, the data is immediately read out;
however, the OBF bit is not set.
When either the CS or RD lines is detected high, the
PORTD pins return to the input state and the PSPIF bit
is set. User applications should wait for PSPIF to be set
before servicing the PSP. When this happens, the IBF
and OBF bits can be polled and the appropriate action
taken.
The timing for the control signals in Write and Read
modes is shown in Figure 11-3 and Figure 11-4,
respectively.
FIGURE 11-2: PORTD AND PORTE
BLOCK DIAGRAM
(PARALLEL SLAVE PORT)
Note: The Parallel Slave Port is only implemented
on 100-pin devices.
Note: The Parallel Slave Port is available only in
Microcontroller mode.
Data Bus
WR LATD
RDx
Q
D
CK
EN
QD
EN
RD PORTD
Pin
One bit of PORTD
Set Interrupt Flag
PSPIF (PIR1<7>)
Read
Chip Select
Write
RD
CS
WR
TTL
TTL
TTL
TTL
or PORTD
RD LATD
Data Latch
TRIS Latch
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 169
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FIGURE 11-3: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT WRITE WAVEFORMS
REGISTER 11-1: PSPCON: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT CONTROL REGISTER
R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0
IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — — — —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 IBF: Input Buffer Full Status bit
1 = A word has been received and is waiting to be read by the CPU
0 = No word has been received
bit 6 OBF: Output Buffer Full Status bit
1 = The output buffer still holds a previously written word
0 = The output buffer has been read
bit 5 IBOV: Input Buffer Overflow Detect bit
1 = A write occurred when a previously input word has not been read (must be cleared in software)
0 = No overflow occurred
bit 4 PSPMODE: Parallel Slave Port Mode Select bit
1 = Parallel Slave Port mode
0 = General Purpose I/O mode
bit 3-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
CS
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
WR
RD
IBF
OBF
PSPIF
PORTD<7:0>
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DS39762F-page 170 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 11-4: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT READ WAVEFORMS
TABLE 11-21: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PARALLEL SLAVE PORT
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
PORTD RD7 RD6 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 72
LATD LATD7 LATD6 LATD5 LATD4 LATD3 LATD2 LATD1 LATD0 72
TRISD TRISD7 TRISD6 TRISD5 TRISD4 TRISD3 TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 71
PORTE RE7 RE6 RE5 RE4 RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0 72
LATE LATE7 LATE6 LATE5 LATE4 LATE3 LATE2 LATE1 LATE0 72
TRISE TRISE7 TRISE6 TRISE5 TRISE4 TRISE3 TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0 71
PSPCON IBF OBF IBOV PSPMODE — — — — 71
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Parallel Slave Port.
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
CS
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
WR
IBF
PSPIF
RD
OBF
PORTD<7:0>
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 171
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12.0 TIMER0 MODULE
The Timer0 module incorporates the following features:
• Software selectable operation as a timer or
counter in both 8-bit or 16-bit modes
• Readable and writable registers
• Dedicated, 8-bit, software programmable
prescaler
• Selectable clock source (internal or external)
• Edge select for external clock
• Interrupt on overflow
The T0CON register (Register 12-1) controls all
aspects of the module’s operation, including the
prescale selection. It is both readable and writable.
A simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 8-bit
mode is shown in Figure 12-1. Figure 12-2 shows a
simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 16-bit
mode.
REGISTER 12-1: T0CON: TIMER0 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 TMR0ON: Timer0 On/Off Control bit
1 = Enables Timer0
0 = Stops Timer0
bit 6 T08BIT: Timer0 8-Bit/16-Bit Control bit
1 = Timer0 is configured as an 8-bit timer/counter
0 = Timer0 is configured as a 16-bit timer/counter
bit 5 T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit
1 = Transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKO)
bit 4 T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit
1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin
bit 3 PSA: Timer0 Prescaler Assignment bit
1 = TImer0 prescaler is NOT assigned; Timer0 clock input bypasses prescaler
0 = Timer0 prescaler is assigned; Timer0 clock input comes from prescaler output
bit 2-0 T0PS<2:0>: Timer0 Prescaler Select bits
111 = 1:256 Prescale value
110 = 1:128 Prescale value
101 = 1:64 Prescale value
100 = 1:32 Prescale value
011 = 1:16 Prescale value
010 = 1:8 Prescale value
001 = 1:4 Prescale value
000 = 1:2 Prescale value
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12.1 Timer0 Operation
Timer0 can operate as either a timer or a counter; the
mode is selected with the T0CS bit (T0CON<5>). In
Timer mode (T0CS = 0), the module increments on
every clock by default unless a different prescaler value
is selected (see Section 12.3 “Prescaler”). If the
TMR0 register is written to, the increment is inhibited
for the following two instruction cycles. The user can
work around this by writing an adjusted value to the
TMR0 register.
The Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit
(= 1). In this mode, Timer0 increments either on every
rising or falling edge of pin, RA4/T0CKI. The increment-
ing edge is determined by the Timer0 Source Edge
Select bit, T0SE (T0CON<4>); clearing this bit selects
the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input
are discussed below.
An external clock source can be used to drive Timer0;
however, it must meet certain requirements to ensure
that the external clock can be synchronized with the
internal phase clock (T
OSC). There is a delay between
synchronization and the onset of incrementing the
timer/counter.
12.2 Timer0 Reads and Writes in
16-Bit Mode
TMR0H is not the actual high byte of Timer0 in 16-bit
mode. It is actually a buffered version of the real high
byte of Timer0 which is not directly readable nor writ-
able (refer to Figure 12-2). TMR0H is updated with the
contents of the high byte of Timer0 during a read of
TMR0L. This provides the ability to read all 16 bits of
Timer0 without having to verify that the read of the high
and low byte was valid, due to a rollover between
successive reads of the high and low byte.
Similarly, a write to the high byte of Timer0 must also
take place through the TMR0H Buffer register. The high
byte is updated with the contents of TMR0H when a
write occurs to TMR0L. This allows all 16 bits of Timer0
to be updated at once.
FIGURE 12-1: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (8-BIT MODE)
FIGURE 12-2: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT MODE)
Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale.
T0CKI pin
T0SE
0
1
1
0
T0CS
FOSC/4
Sync with
Internal
Clocks
TMR0L
(2 TCY Delay)
Internal Data Bus
PSA
T0PS<2:0>
Set
TMR0IF
on Overflow
38
8
Programmable
Prescaler
Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale.
T0CKI pin
T0SE
0
1
1
0
T0CS
FOSC/4
Sync with
Internal
Clocks
TMR0L
(2 TCY Delay)
Internal Data Bus
8
PSA
T0PS<2:0>
Set
TMR0IF
on Overflow
3
TMR0
TMR0H
High Byte
88
8
Read TMR0L
Write TMR0L
8
Programmable
Prescaler
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12.3 Prescaler
An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the
Timer0 module. The prescaler is not directly readable
or writable. Its value is set by the PSA and T0PS<2:0>
bits (T0CON<3:0>) which determine the prescaler
assignment and prescale ratio.
Clearing the PSA bit assigns the prescaler to the
Timer0 module. When it is assigned, prescale values
from 1:2 through 1:256, in power-of-2 increments, are
selectable.
When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions
writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF TMR0, MOVWF
TMR0, BSF TMR0, etc.) clear the prescaler count.
12.3.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER
ASSIGNMENT
The prescaler assignment is fully under software
control and can be changed “on-the-fly” during program
execution.
12.4 Timer0 Interrupt
The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0
register overflows from FFh to 00h in 8-bit mode, or
from FFFFh to 0000h in 16-bit mode. This overflow sets
the TMR0IF flag bit. The interrupt can be masked by
clearing the TMR0IE bit (INTCON<5>). Before
re-enabling the interrupt, the TMR0IF bit must be
cleared in software by the Interrupt Service Routine.
Since Timer0 is shut down in Sleep mode, the TMR0
interrupt cannot awaken the processor from Sleep.
TABLE 12-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Note: Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is
assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler
count but will not change the prescaler
assignment.
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
TMR0L Timer0 Register Low Byte 70
TMR0H Timer0 Register High Byte 70
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
INTCON2 RBPU INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 INTEDG3 TMR0IP INT3IP RBIP 69
T0CON TMR0ON T08BIT T0CS T0SE PSA T0PS2 T0PS1 T0PS0 70
TRISA — — TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 71
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.
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NOTES:
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13.0 TIMER1 MODULE
The Timer1 timer/counter module incorporates these
features:
• Software selectable operation as a 16-bit timer or
counter
• Readable and writable 8-bit registers (TMR1H
and TMR1L)
• Selectable clock source (internal or external) with
device clock or Timer1 oscillator internal options
• Interrupt on overflow
• Reset on ECCP Special Event Trigger
• Device clock status flag (T1RUN)
A simplified block diagram of the Timer1 module is
shown in Figure 13-1. A block diagram of the module’s
operation in Read/Write mode is shown in Figure 13-2.
The module incorporates its own low-power oscillator
to provide an additional clocking option. The Timer1
oscillator can also be used as a low-power clock source
for the microcontroller in power-managed operation.
Timer1 can also be used to provide Real-Time Clock
(RTC) functionality to applications with only a minimal
addition of external components and code overhead.
Timer1 is controlled through the T1CON Control
register (Register 13-1). It also contains the Timer1
Oscillator Enable bit (T1OSCEN). Timer1 can be
enabled or disabled by setting or clearing control bit,
TMR1ON (T1CON<0>).
REGISTER 13-1: T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 RD16: 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit
1 = Enables register read/write of Timer1 in one 16-bit operation
0 = Enables register read/write of Timer1 in two 8-bit operations
bit 6 T1RUN: Timer1 System Clock Status bit
1 = Device clock is derived from Timer1 oscillator
0 = Device clock is derived from another source
bit 5-4 T1CKPS<1:0>: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits
11 = 1:8 Prescale value
10 = 1:4 Prescale value
01 = 1:2 Prescale value
00 = 1:1 Prescale value
bit 3 T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable bit
1 = Timer1 oscillator is enabled
0 = Timer1 oscillator is shut off
The oscillator inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
bit 2 T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Select bit
When TMR1CS = 1:
1 = Do not synchronize external clock input
0 = Synchronize external clock input
When TMR1CS = 0:
This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0.
bit 1 TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit
1 = External clock from RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pin (on the rising edge)
0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)
bit 0 TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit
1 = Enables Timer1
0 = Stops Timer1
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DS39762F-page 176 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
13.1 Timer1 Operation
Timer1 can operate in one of these modes:
•Timer
• Synchronous Counter
• Asynchronous Counter
The operating mode is determined by the clock select
bit, TMR1CS (T1CON<1>). When TMR1CS is cleared
(= 0), Timer1 increments on every internal instruction
cycle (FOSC/4). When the bit is set, Timer1 increments
on every rising edge of the Timer1 external clock input
or the Timer1 oscillator, if enabled.
When Timer1 is enabled, the RC1/T1OSI and
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pins become inputs. This means
the values of TRISC<1:0> are ignored and the pins are
read as ‘0’.
FIGURE 13-1: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 13-2: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE)
T1SYNC
TMR1CS
T1CKPS<1:0>
Sleep Input
T1OSCEN(1)
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
On/Off
1
0
2
T1OSO/T13CKI
T1OSI
1
0
TMR1ON
TMR1L
Set
TMR1IF
on Overflow
TMR1
High Byte
Clear TMR1
(ECCPx Special Event Trigger)
Timer1 Oscillator
Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
On/Off
Timer1
Timer1 Clock Input
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
Synchronize
Detect
T1SYNC
TMR1CS
T1CKPS<1:0>
Sleep Input
T1OSCEN(1)
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
1
0
2
T1OSO/T13CKI
T1OSI
Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
1
0
TMR1L
Internal Data Bus
8
Set
TMR1IF
on Overflow
TMR1
TMR1H
High Byte
88
8
Read TMR1L
Write TMR1L
8
TMR1ON
Clear TMR1
(ECCPx Special Event Trigger)
Timer1 Oscillator
On/Off
Timer1
Timer1 Clock Input
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
Synchronize
Detect
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 177
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13.2 Timer1 16-Bit Read/Write Mode
Timer1 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes
(see Figure 13-2). When the RD16 control bit
(T1CON<7>) is set, the address for TMR1H is mapped
to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer1. A read
from TMR1L will load the contents of the high byte of
Timer1 into the Timer1 High Byte Buffer register. This
provides the user with the ability to accurately read all
16 bits of Timer1 without having to determine whether
a read of the high byte, followed by a read of the low
byte, has become invalid due to a rollover between
reads.
A write to the high byte of Timer1 must also take place
through the TMR1H Buffer register. The Timer1 high
byte is updated with the contents of TMR1H when a
write occurs to TMR1L. This allows a user to write all
16 bits to both the high and low bytes of Timer1 at once.
The high byte of Timer1 is not directly readable or
writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take
place through the Timer1 High Byte Buffer register.
Writes to TMR1H do not clear the Timer1 prescaler.
The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR1L.
13.3 Timer1 Oscillator
An on-chip crystal oscillator circuit is incorporated
between pins, T1OSI (input) and T1OSO (amplifier
output). It is enabled by setting the Timer1 Oscillator
Enable bit, T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscillator is a
low-power circuit rated for 32 kHz crystals. It will
continue to run during all power-managed modes. The
circuit for a typical LP oscillator is shown in Figure 13-3.
Table 13-1 shows the capacitor selection for the Timer1
oscillator.
The user must provide a software time delay to ensure
proper start-up of the Timer1 oscillator.
FIGURE 13-3: EXTERNAL
COMPONENTS FOR THE
TIMER1 OSCILLATOR
TABLE 13-1: CAP ACITOR SELECTION
FOR THE TIMER1
OSCILLATOR(2,3,4)
13.3.1 USING TIMER1 AS A
CLOCK SOURCE
The Timer1 oscillator is also available as a clock source
in power-managed modes. By setting the Clock Select
bits, SCS<1:0> (OSCCON<1:0>), to ‘01’, the device
switches to SEC_RUN mode. Both the CPU and
peripherals are clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. If the
IDLEN bit (OSCCON<7>) is cleared and a SLEEP
instruction is executed, the device enters SEC_IDLE
mode. Additional details are available in Section 4.0
“Power-M ana ged Modes”.
Whenever the Timer1 oscillator is providing the clock
source, the Timer1 system clock status flag, T1RUN
(T1CON<6>), is set. This can be used to determine the
controller’s current clocking mode. It can also indicate
the clock source being currently used by the Fail-Safe
Clock Monitor. If the Clock Monitor is enabled and the
Timer1 oscillator fails while providing the clock, polling
the T1RUN bit will indicate whether the clock is being
provided by the Timer1 oscillator or another source.
13.3.2 TIMER1 OSCILLATOR LAYOUT
CONSIDERATIONS
The Timer1 oscillator circuit draws very little power
during operation. Due to the low-power nature of the
oscillator, it may also be sensitive to rapidly changing
signals in close proximity.
The oscillator circuit, shown in Figure 13-3, should be
located as close as possible to the microcontroller.
There should be no circuits passing within the oscillator
circuit boundaries other than VSS or VDD.
Note: See the Notes with Table 13-1 for additional
information about capacitor selection.
C1
C2
XTAL
PIC18F97J60
T1OSI
T1OSO
32.768 kHz
27 pF
27 pF
Oscillator
Type Freq. C1 C2
LP 32 kHz 27 pF(1) 27 pF(1)
Note 1: Microchip suggests these values as a
starting point in validating the oscillator
circuit.
2: Higher capacitance increases the stabil-
ity of the oscillator but also increases the
start-up time.
3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult
the resonator/crystal manufacturer for
appropriate values of external
components.
4: Capacitor values are for design guidance
only.
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DS39762F-page 178 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
If a high-speed circuit must be located near the oscilla-
tor (such as the ECCP1 pin in Output Compare or PWM
mode, or the primary oscillator using the OSC2 pin), a
grounded guard ring around the oscillator circuit, as
shown in Figure 13-4, may be helpful when used on a
single-sided PCB or in addition to a ground plane.
FIGURE 13-4: OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
WITH GROUNDED
GUARD RING
13.4 Timer1 Interrupt
The TMR1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments
from 0000h to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. The
Timer1 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow
which is latched in interrupt flag bit, TMR1IF
(PIR1<0>). This interrupt can be enabled or disabled
by setting or clearing the Timer1 Interrupt Enable bit,
TMR1IE (PIE1<0>).
13.5 Resetting Time r1 Using the
ECCPx Special Event Trigger
If ECCP1 or ECCP2 is configured to use Timer1 and to
generate a Special Event Trigger in Compare mode
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1011), this signal will reset Timer3.
The trigger from ECCP2 will also start an A/D conver-
sion if the A/D module is enabled (see Section 18.2.1
“Special Event Trigger” for more information).
The module must be configured as either a timer or a
synchronous counter to take advantage of this feature.
When used this way, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register
pair effectively becomes a period register for Timer1.
If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,
this Reset operation may not work.
In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a Special
Event Trigger, the write operation will take precedence.
13.6 Using Timer1 as a Real-Time Clock
Adding an external LP oscillator to Timer1 (such as the
one described in Section 13.3 “Timer1 Oscillator”)
gives users the option to include RTC functionality to
their applications. This is accomplished with an
inexpensive watch crystal to provide an accurate time
base and several lines of application code to calculate
the time. When operating in Sleep mode and using a
battery or supercapacitor as a power source, it can
completely eliminate the need for a separate RTC
device and battery backup.
The application code routine, RTCisr, shown in
Example 13-1, demonstrates a simple method to
increment a counter at one-second intervals using an
Interrupt Service Routine. Incrementing the TMR1
register pair to overflow, triggers the interrupt and calls
the routine, which increments the seconds counter by
one. Additional counters for minutes and hours are
incremented as the previous counter overflows.
Since the register pair is 16 bits wide, counting up to
overflow the register directly from a 32.768 kHz clock
would take 2 seconds. To force the overflow at the
required one-second intervals, it is necessary to pre-
load it. The simplest method is to set the MSb of
TMR1H with a BSF instruction. Note that the TMR1L
register is never preloaded or altered; doing so may
introduce cumulative error over many cycles.
For this method to be accurate, Timer1 must operate in
Asynchronous mode and the Timer1 overflow interrupt
must be enabled (PIE1<0> = 1), as shown in the
routine, RTCinit. The Timer1 oscillator must also be
enabled and running at all times.
13.7 Considerations in Asynchronous
Counter Mode
Following a Timer1 interrupt and an update to the
TMR1 registers, the Timer1 module uses a falling edge
on its clock source to trigger the next register update on
the rising edge. If the update is completed after the
clock input has fallen, the next rising edge will not be
counted.
If the application can reliably update TMR1 before the
timer input goes low, no additional action is needed.
Otherwise, an adjusted update can be performed
following a later Timer1 increment. This can be done by
monitoring TMR1L within the interrupt routine until it
increments, and then updating the TMR1H:TMR1L reg-
ister pair while the clock is low, or one-half of the period
of the clock source. Assuming that Timer1 is being
used as a Real-Time Clock, the clock source is a
32.768 kHz crystal oscillator. In this case, one-half
period of the clock is 15.25 s.
The Real-Time Clock application code in Example 13-1
shows a typical ISR for Timer1, as well as the optional
code required if the update cannot be done reliably
within the required interval.
Note: The Special Event Triggers from the
ECCPx module will not set the TMR1IF
interrupt flag bit (PIR1<0>).
VDD
OSC1
VSS
OSC2
RC0
RC1
RC2
Note: Not drawn to scale.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 179
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EXAMPLE 13-1: IMPLEMENTING A REAL-TIME CLOCK USING A TIMER1 INTERRUPT SERVICE
TABLE 13-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
TMR1L Timer1 Register Low Byte 70
TMR1H Timer1 Register High Byte 70
T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 70
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.
RTCinit MOVLW 80h ; Preload TMR1 register pair
MOVWF TMR1H ; for 1 second overflow
CLRF TMR1L
MOVLW b’00001111’ ; Configure for external clock,
MOVWF T1CON ; Asynchronous operation, external oscillator
CLRF secs ; Initialize timekeeping registers
CLRF mins ;
MOVLW .12
MOVWF hours
BSF
PIE1, TM R1 IE
; Enable Timer1 interrupt
RETURN
RTCisr ; Insert the next 4 lines of code when TMR1
; can not be reliably updated before clock pulse goes low
BTFSC TMR1L,0 ; wait for TMR1L to become clear
BRA $-2 ; (may already be clear)
BTFSS TMR1L,0 ; wait for TMR1L to become set
BRA $-2 ; TMR1 has just incremented
; If TMR1 update can be completed before clock pulse goes low
; Start ISR here
BSF TMR1H, 7 ; Preload for 1 sec overflow
BCF
PIR1, TM R1 IF
; Clear interrupt flag
INCF secs, F ; Increment seconds
MOVLW .59 ; 60 seconds elapsed?
CPFSGT secs
RETURN ; No, done
CLRF secs ; Clear seconds
INCF mins, F ; Increment minutes
MOVLW .59 ; 60 minutes elapsed?
CPFSGT mins
RETURN ; No, done
CLRF mins ; clear minutes
INCF hours, F ; Increment hours
MOVLW .23 ; 24 hours elapsed?
CPFSGT hours
RETURN ; No, done
CLRF hours ; Reset hours
RETURN ; Done
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14.0 TIMER2 MODULE
The Timer2 timer module incorporates the following
features:
• 8-Bit Timer and Period registers (TMR2 and PR2,
respectively)
• Readable and writable (both registers)
• Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4 and
1:16)
• Software programmable postscaler (1:1 through
1:16)
• Interrupt on TMR2 to PR2 match
• Optional use as the shift clock for the
MSSPx modules
This module is controlled through the T2CON register
(Register 14-1) which enables or disables the timer and
configures the prescaler and postscaler. Timer2 can be
shut off by clearing control bit, TMR2ON (T2CON<2>),
to minimize power consumption.
A simplified block diagram of the module is shown in
Figure 14-1.
14.1 Timer2 Operation
In normal operation, TMR2 is incremented from 00h on
each clock (FOSC/4). A 4-bit counter/prescaler on the
clock input gives direct input, divide-by-4 and
divide-by-16 prescale options. These options are
selected by the prescaler control bits, T2CKPS<1:0>
(T2CON<1:0>). The value of TMR2 is compared to that
of the Period register, PR2, on each clock cycle. When
the two values match, the comparator generates a
match signal as the timer output. This signal also resets
the value of TMR2 to 00h on the next cycle and drives
the output counter/postscaler (see Section 14.2
“T imer2 Interrupt”).
The TMR2 and PR2 registers are both directly readable
and writable. The TMR2 register is cleared on any
device Reset, while the PR2 register initializes at FFh.
Both the prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared
on the following events:
• A write to the TMR2 register
• A write to the T2CON register
• Any device Reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset,
Watchdog Timer Reset or Brown-out Reset)
TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.
REGISTER 14-1: T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6-3 T2OUTPS<3:0>: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits
0000 = 1:1 Postscale
0001 = 1:2 Postscale
•
•
•
1111 = 1:16 Postscale
bit 2 TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit
1 = Timer2 is on
0 = Timer2 is off
bit 1-0 T2CKPS<1:0>: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits
00 = Prescaler is 1
01 = Prescaler is 4
1x = Prescaler is 16
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14.2 Timer2 Interrupt
Timer2 can also generate an optional device interrupt.
The Timer2 output signal (TMR2 to PR2 match) pro-
vides the input for the 4-bit output counter/postscaler.
This counter generates the TMR2 match interrupt flag
which is latched in TMR2IF (PIR1<1>). The interrupt is
enabled by setting the TMR2 Match Interrupt Enable
bit, TMR2IE (PIE1<1>).
A range of 16 postscale options (from 1:1 through 1:16
inclusive) can be selected with the postscaler control
bits, T2OUTPS<3:0> (T2CON<6:3>).
14.3 Timer2 Output
The unscaled output of TMR2 is available primarily to
the CCP modules, where it is used as a time base for
operations in PWM mode.
Timer2 can be optionally used as the shift clock source
for the MSSPx modules operating in SPI mode.
Additional information is provided in Section 20.0
“Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module”.
FIGURE 14-1: TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
TABLE 14-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
TMR2 Timer2 Register 70
T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 70
PR2 Timer2 Period Register 70
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module.
Comparator
TMR2 Output
TMR2
Postscaler
PR2
2
FOSC/4
1:1 to 1:16
4
T2OUTPS<3:0>
T2CKPS<1:0>
Set TMR2IF
Internal Data Bus
8
Reset
TMR2/PR2
8
8
(to PWM or MSSPx)
Match
Prescaler
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 182 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 183
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
15.0 TIMER3 MODULE
The Timer3 timer/counter module incorporates these
features:
• Software selectable operation as a 16-bit timer or
counter
• Readable and writable 8-bit registers (TMR3H
and TMR3L)
• Selectable clock source (internal or external) with
device clock or Timer1 oscillator internal options
• Interrupt on overflow
• Module Reset on CCPx/ECCPx Special Event
Trigger
A simplified block diagram of the Timer3 module is
shown in Figure 15-1. A block diagram of the module’s
operation in Read/Write mode is shown in Figure 15-2.
The Timer3 module is controlled through the T3CON
register (Register 15-1). It also selects the clock source
options for the CCPx and ECCPx modules; see
Section 17.1.1 “CCPx/ECCPx Modules and Timer
Resources” for more information.
REGISTER 15-1: T3CON: TIMER3 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 RD16: 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit
1 = Enables register read/write of Timer3 in one 16-bit operation
0 = Enables register read/write of Timer3 in two 8-bit operations
bit 6,3 T3CCP<2:1>: Timer3 and Timer1 to CCPx/ECCPx Enable bits
11 = Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for all CCPx/ECCPx modules
10 = Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for ECCP3, CCP4 and CCP5;
Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for ECCP1 and ECCP2
01 = Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for ECCP2, ECCP3, CCP4 and CCP5;
Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for ECCP1
00 = Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for all CCPx/ECCPx modules
bit 5-4 T3CKPS<1:0>: Timer3 Input Clock Prescale Select bits
11 = 1:8 Prescale value
10 = 1:4 Prescale value
01 = 1:2 Prescale value
00 = 1:1 Prescale value
bit 2 T3SYNC: Timer3 External Clock Input Synchronization Select bit
(not usable if the device clock comes from Timer1/Timer3)
When TMR3CS = 1:
1 = Do not synchronize external clock input
0 = Synchronize external clock input
When TMR3CS = 0:
This bit is ignored. Timer3 uses the internal clock when TMR3CS = 0.
bit 1 TMR3CS: Timer3 Clock Source Select bit
1 = External clock input from Timer1 oscillator or T13CKI (on the rising edge after the first falling edge)
0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)
bit 0 TMR3ON: Timer3 On bit
1 = Enables Timer3
0 = Stops Timer3
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 184 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
15.1 Timer3 Operation
Timer3 can operate in one of three modes:
•Timer
• Synchronous Counter
• Asynchronous Counter
The operating mode is determined by the clock select
bit, TMR3CS (T3CON<1>). When TMR3CS is cleared
(= 0), Timer3 increments on every internal instruction
cycle (FOSC/4). When the bit is set, Timer3 increments
on every rising edge of the Timer1 external clock input
or the Timer1 oscillator, if enabled.
As with Timer1, the RC1/T1OSI and
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pins become inputs when the
Timer1 oscillator is enabled. This means the values of
TRISC<1:0> are ignored and the pins are read as ‘0’.
FIGURE 15-1: TIMER3 BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 15-2: TIMER3 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE)
T3SYNC
TMR3CS
T3CKPS<1:0>
Sleep Input
T1OSCEN(1)
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
1
0
2
T1OSO/T13CKI
T1OSI
1
0
TMR3ON
TMR3L Set
TMR3IF
on Overflow
TMR3
High Byte
Timer1 Oscillator
Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
On/Off
Timer3
ECCPx Special Event Trigger
ECCPx Select from T3CON<6,3>
Clear TMR3
Timer1 Clock Input
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
Synchronize
Detect
T3SYNC
TMR3CS
T3CKPS<1:0>
Sleep Input
T1OSCEN(1)
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
1
0
2
T1OSO/T13CKI
T1OSI
Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
1
0
TMR3L
Internal Data Bus
8
Set
TMR3IF
on Overflow
TMR3
TMR3H
High Byte
88
8
Read TMR1L
Write TMR1L
8
TMR3ON
ECCPx Special Event Trigger
Timer1 Oscilla to r
On/Off
Timer3
Timer1 Clock Input
ECCPx Select from T3CON<6,3>
Clear TMR3
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
Synchronize
Detect
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 185
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
15.2 Timer3 16-Bit Read/Write Mode
Timer3 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes
(see Figure 15-2). When the RD16 control bit
(T3CON<7>) is set, the address for TMR3H is mapped
to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer3. A read
from TMR3L will load the contents of the high byte of
Timer3 into the Timer3 High Byte Buffer register. This
provides the user with the ability to accurately read all
16 bits of Timer1 without having to determine whether
a read of the high byte, followed by a read of the low
byte, has become invalid due to a rollover between
reads.
A write to the high byte of Timer3 must also take place
through the TMR3H Buffer register. The Timer3 high
byte is updated with the contents of TMR3H when a
write occurs to TMR3L. This allows a user to write all
16 bits to both the high and low bytes of Timer3 at once.
The high byte of Timer3 is not directly readable or
writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take
place through the Timer3 High Byte Buffer register.
Writes to TMR3H do not clear the Timer3 prescaler.
The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR3L.
15.3 Using the Timer1 Oscillator as t he
Timer3 Clock Source
The Timer1 internal oscillator may be used as the clock
source for Timer3. The Timer1 oscillator is enabled by
setting the T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>) bit. To use it as the
Timer3 clock source, the TMR3CS bit must also be set.
As previously noted, this also configures Timer3 to
increment on every rising edge of the oscillator source.
The Timer1 oscillator is described in Section 13.0
“Timer1 Module”.
15.4 Timer3 Interrupt
The TMR3 register pair (TMR3H:TMR3L) increments
from 0000h to FFFFh, and overflows to 0000h. The
Timer3 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow
and is latched in interrupt flag bit, TMR3IF (PIR2<1>).
This interrupt can be enabled or disabled by setting or
clearing the Timer3 Interrupt Enable bit, TMR3IE
(PIE2<1>).
15.5 Resetting Timer 3 Us ing the
ECCPx Special Event Trigger
If ECCP1 or ECCP2 is configured to use Timer3 and to
generate a Special Event Trigger in Compare mode
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1011), this signal will reset Timer3.
The trigger from ECCP2 will also start an A/D conver-
sion if the A/D module is enabled (see Section 18.2.1
“Special Event Trigger” for more information).
The module must be configured as either a timer or
synchronous counter to take advantage of this feature.
When used this way, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register
pair effectively becomes a Period register for Timer3.
If Timer3 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,
the Reset operation may not work.
In the event that a write to Timer3 coincides with a
Special Event Trigger from an ECCPx module, the
write will take precedence.
TABLE 15-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER3 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Note: The Special Event Triggers from the
ECCPx module will not set the TMR3IF
interrupt flag bit (PIR2<1>).
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF ETHIF rBCL1IF —TMR3IFCCP2IF 71
PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE ETHIE rBCL1IE —TMR3IECCP2IE 71
IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP ETHIP rBCL1IP —TMR3IPCCP2IP 71
TMR3L Timer3 Register Low Byte 70
TMR3H Timer3 Register High Byte 70
T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 70
T3CON RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 71
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer3 module.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 186 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 187
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
16.0 TIMER4 MODULE
The Timer4 module has the following features:
• 8-Bit Timer register (TMR4)
• 8-Bit Period register (PR4)
• Readable and writable (both registers)
• Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16)
• Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16)
• Interrupt on TMR4 match of PR4
Timer4 has a control register, shown in Register 16-1.
Timer4 can be shut off by clearing control bit, TMR4ON
(T4CON<2>), to minimize power consumption. The
prescaler and postscaler selection of Timer4 is also
controlled by this register. Figure 16-1 is a simplified
block diagram of the Timer4 module.
16.1 Timer4 Operation
Timer4 can be used as the PWM time base for the
PWM mode of the CCP module. The TMR4 register is
readable and writable, and is cleared on any device
Reset. The input clock (FOSC/4) has a prescale option
of 1:1, 1:4 or 1:16, selected by control bits,
T4CKPS<1:0> (T4CON<1:0>). The match output of
TMR4 goes through a 4-bit postscaler (which gives a
1:1 to 1:16 scaling inclusive) to generate a TMR4
interrupt, latched in flag bit, TMR4IF (PIR3<3>).
The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared
when any of the following occurs:
• A write to the TMR4 register
• A write to the T4CON register
• Any device Reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset,
Watchdog Timer Reset or Brown-out Reset)
TMR4 is not cleared when T4CON is written.
REGISTER 16-1: T4CON: TIMER4 CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6-3 T4OUTPS<3:0>: Timer4 Output Postscale Select bits
0000 = 1:1 Postscale
0001 = 1:2 Postscale
•
•
•
1111 = 1:16 Postscale
bit 2 TMR4ON: Timer4 On bit
1 = Timer4 is on
0 = Timer4 is off
bit 1-0 T4CKPS<1:0>: Timer4 Clock Prescale Select bits
00 = Prescaler is 1
01 = Prescaler is 4
1x = Prescaler is 16
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 188 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
16.2 Timer4 Interrupt
The Timer4 module has an 8-Bit Period register, PR4,
which is both readable and writable. Timer4 increments
from 00h until it matches PR4 and then resets to 00h on
the next increment cycle. The PR4 register is initialized
to FFh upon Reset.
16.3 Output of TMR4
The output of TMR4 (before the postscaler) is used
only as a PWM time base for the CCPx/ECCPx mod-
ules. It is not used as a baud rate clock for the MSSPx
modules as is the Timer2 output.
FIGURE 16-1: TIMER4 BLOCK DIAGRAM
TABLE 16-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER4 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Pag e:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
TMR4 Timer4 Register 72
T4CON — T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0 72
PR4 Timer4 Period Register 72
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer4 module.
Comparator
TMR4 Output
TMR4
Postscaler
Prescaler PR4
2
FOSC/4
1:1 to 1:16
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
4
T4OUTPS<3:0>
T4CKPS<1:0>
Set TMR4IF
Internal Data Bus
8
Reset TMR4/PR4
8
8
(to PWM)
Match
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 189
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
17.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM
(CCP) MODULES
Members of the PIC18F97J60 family of devices all have
a total of five CCP (Capture/Compare/PWM) modules.
Two of these (CCP4 and CCP5) implement standard
Capture, Compare and Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)
modes and are discussed in this section. The other three
modules (ECCP1, ECCP2, ECCP3) implement
standard Capture and Compare modes, as well as
Enhanced PWM modes. These are discussed in
Section 18.0 “Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM
(ECCP) Modules”.
Each CCPx/ECCPx module contains a 16-bit register
which can operate as a 16-Bit Capture register, a 16-Bit
Compare register or a PWM Master/Slave Duty Cycle
register. For the sake of clarity, all CCPx module oper-
ation in the following sections is described with respect
to CCP4, but is equally applicable to CCP5.
Capture and Compare operations described in this chap-
ter apply to all standard and Enhanced CCPx modules.
The operations of PWM mode, described in Section 17.4
“PWM Mode”, apply to CCP4 and CCP5 only.
Note: Throughout this section and Section 18.0
“Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)
Modules”, references to register and bit
names that may be associated with a specific
CCP module are referred to generically by the
use of ‘x’ or ‘y’ in place of the specific module
number. Thus, “CCPxCON” might refer to the
control register for ECCP1, ECCP2, ECCP3,
CCP4 or CCP5.
REGISTER 17-1: CCPxCON: CCPx CONTROL REGISTER (CCP4 AND CCP5)
U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
—— DCxB1 DCxB0 CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5-4 DCxB<1:0>: CCPx Module PWM Duty Cycle Bit 1 and Bit 0
Capture mode:
Unused.
Compare mode:
Unused.
PWM mode:
These bits are the two Least Significant bits (bit 1 and bit 0) of the 10-bit PWM duty cycle. The eight
Most Significant bits (DCxB<9:2>) of the duty cycle are found in CCPRxL.
bit 3-0 CCPxM<3:0>: CCPx Module Mode Select bits
0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM disabled (resets CCPx module)
0001 = Reserved
0010 = Compare mode; toggle output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)
0011 = Reserved
0100 = Capture mode; every falling edge
0101 = Capture mode; every rising edge
0110 = Capture mode; every 4th rising edge
0111 = Capture mode; every 16th rising edge
1000 = Compare mode; initialize CCPx pin low; on compare match, force CCPx pin high
(CCPxIF bit is set)
1001 = Compare mode; initialize CCPx pin high; on compare match, force CCPx pin low
(CCPxIF bit is set)
1010 = Compare mode; generate software interrupt on compare match (CCPxIF bit is set,
CCPx pin reflects I/O state)
1011 = Reserved
11xx =PWM mode
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 190 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
17.1 CCPx Module Configuration
Each Capture/Compare/PWM module is associated
with a control register (generically, CCPxCON) and a
data register (CCPRx). The data register, in turn, is
comprised of two 8-bit registers: CCPRxL (low byte)
and CCPRxH (high byte). All registers are both
readable and writable.
17.1.1 CCPx/ECCPx MODULES AND
TIMER RESOURCES
The CCPx/ECCPx modules utilize Timers 1, 2, 3 or 4,
depending on the mode selected. Timer1 and Timer3
are available to modules in Capture or Compare
modes, while Timer2 and Timer4 are available for
modules in PWM mode.
TABLE 17-1: CCPx/ECCPx MODE – TIMER
RESOURCE
The assignment of a particular timer to a module is
determined by the timer to CCPx enable bits in the
T3CON register (Register 15-1, page 183). Depending
on the configuration selected, up to four timers may be
active at once, with modules in the same configuration
(Capture/Compare or PWM) sharing timer resources.
The possible configurations are shown in Figure 17-1.
17.1.2 ECCP2 PIN ASSIGNMENT
The pin assignment for ECCP2 (Capture input,
Compare and PWM output) can change based on
device configuration. The CCP2MX Configuration bit
determines which pin ECCP2 is multiplexed to. By
default, it is assigned to RC1 (CCP2MX = 1). If the
Configuration bit is cleared, ECCP2 is multiplexed with
RE7 on 80-pin and 100-pin devices in Microcontroller
mode and RB3 on 100-pin devices in Extended
Microcontroller mode.
Changing the pin assignment of ECCP2 does not auto-
matically change any requirements for configuring the
port pin. Users must always verify that the appropriate
TRIS register is configured correctly for ECCP2
operation, regardless of where it is located.
FIGURE 17-1: CCPx/ECCPx AND TIMER INTERCONNECT CONFIGURATIONS
CCPx/ECCPx Mode Timer Resource
Capture
Compare
PWM
Timer1 or Timer3
Timer1 or Timer3
Timer2 or Timer4
TMR1
CCP5
TMR2
TMR3
TMR4
CCP4
ECCP3
ECCP2
ECCP1
TMR1
TMR2
TMR3
CCP5
TMR4
CCP4
ECCP3
ECCP2
ECCP1
TMR1
TMR2
TMR3
CCP5
TMR4
CCP4
ECCP3
ECCP2
ECCP1
TMR1
TMR2
TMR3
CCP5
TMR4
CCP4
ECCP3
ECCP2
ECCP1
T3CCP<2:1> = 00 T3CCP<2:1> = 01 T3CCP<2:1> = 10 T3CCP<2:1> = 11
Timer1 is used for all Capture
and Compare operations for
all CCPx modules. Timer2 is
used for PWM operations for
all CCPx modules. Modules
may share either timer
resource as a common time
base.
Timer3 and Timer4 are not
available.
Timer1 and Timer2 are used
for Capture and Compare or
PWM operations for ECCP1
only (depending on selected
mode).
All other modules use either
Timer3 or Timer4. Modules
may share either timer
resource as a common time
base if they are in
Capture/Compare or PWM
modes.
Timer1 and Timer2 are used
for Capture and Compare or
PWM operations for ECCP1
and ECCP2 only (depending
on the mode selected for each
module). Both modules may
use a timer as a common time
base if they are both in
Capture/Compare or PWM
modes.
The other modules use either
Timer3 or Timer4. Modules
may share either timer
resource as a common time
base if they are in
Capture/Compare or PWM
modes.
Timer3 is used for all Capture
and Compare operations for
all CCPx modules. Timer4 is
used for PWM operations for
all CCPx modules. Modules
may share either timer
resource as a common time
base.
Timer1 and Timer2 are not
available.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 191
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
17.2 Capture Mode
In Capture mode, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair
captures the 16-bit value of the TMR1 or TMR3
registers when an event occurs on the corresponding
CCPx pin. An event is defined as one of the following:
• Every falling edge
• Every rising edge
• Every 4th rising edge
• Every 16th rising edge
The event is selected by the mode select bits,
CCPxM<3:0> (CCPxCON<3:0>). When a capture is
made, the interrupt request flag bit, CCPxIF, is set; it
must be cleared in software. If another capture occurs
before the value in register, CCPRx, is read, the old
captured value is overwritten by the new captured value.
17.2.1 CCPx PIN CONFIGURATION
In Capture mode, the appropriate CCPx pin should be
configured as an input by setting the corresponding
TRIS direction bit.
17.2.2 TIMER1/TIMER3 MODE SELECTION
The timers that are to be used with the capture feature
(Timer1 and/or Timer3) must be running in Timer mode or
Synchronized Counter mode. In Asynchronous Counter
mode, the capture operation will not work. The timer to be
used with each CCPx module is selected in the T3CON
register (see Section 17.1.1 “CCPx/ECCPx Modules
and Ti me r Resou rces” ).
17.2.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT
When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture
interrupt may be generated. The user should keep the
CCPxIE interrupt enable bit clear to avoid false
interrupts. The interrupt flag bit, CCPxIF, should also be
cleared following any such change in operating mode.
17.2.4 CCPx PRESCALER
There are four prescaler settings in Capture mode.
They are specified as part of the operating mode
selected by the mode select bits (CCPxM<3:0>).
Whenever the CCPx module is turned off or Capture
mode is disabled, the prescaler counter is cleared. This
means that any Reset will clear the prescaler counter.
Switching from one capture prescaler to another may
generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will
not be cleared; therefore, the first capture may be from
a non-zero prescaler. Example 17-1 shows the
recommended method for switching between capture
prescalers. This example also clears the prescaler
counter and will not generate the “false” interrupt.
EXAMPLE 17-1: CHANGING BETWEE N
CAPTURE PRESCALERS
(CCP5 SHOWN)
FIGURE 17-2: CAPTURE MODE OPERAT ION BLOCK DIAGRAM
Note: If RG4/CCP5/P1D is configured as an
output, a write to the port can cause a
capture condition.
CLRF CCP5CON ; Turn CCP module off
MOVLW NEW_CAPT_PS ; Load WREG with the
; new prescaler mode
; value and CCP ON
MOVWF CCP5CON ; Load CCP5CON with
; this value
CCPR4H CCPR4L
TMR1H TMR1L
Set CCP4IF
TMR3
Enable
Q1:Q4
CCP4CON<3:0>
CCP4 Pin
Prescaler
1, 4, 16
and
Edge Detect
TMR1
Enable
T3CCP2
T3CCP2
CCPR5H CCPR5L
TMR1H TMR1L
Set CCP5IF
TMR3
Enable
CCP5CON<3:0>
CCP5 Pin
Prescaler
1, 4, 16
TMR3H TMR3L
TMR1
Enable
T3CCP2
T3CCP1
T3CCP2
T3CCP1
TMR3H TMR3L
and
Edge Detect
4
4
4
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 192 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
17.3 Compare Mode
In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPRx register value is
constantly compared against either the TMR1 or TMR3
register pair value. When a match occurs, the CCPx
pin:
• Can be driven high
• Can be driven low
• Can be toggled (high-to-low or low-to-high)
• Remains unchanged (that is, reflects the state of
the I/O latch)
The action on the pin is based on the value of the mode
select bits (CCPxM<3:0>). At the same time, the
interrupt flag bit, CCPxIF, is set.
17.3.1 CCPx PIN CONFIGURATION
The user must configure the CCPx pin as an output by
clearing the appropriate TRIS bit.
17.3.2 TIMER1/TIMER3 MODE SELECTION
Timer1 and/or Timer3 must be running in Timer mode
or Synchronized Counter mode if the CCPx module is
using the compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter
mode, the compare operation may not work.
17.3.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE
When the Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1010), the corresponding CCPx pin is
not affected. Only a CCPx interrupt is generated, if
enabled, and the CCPxIE bit is set.
FIGURE 17-3: COMPARE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM
Note: Clearing the CCP5CON register will force
the RG4 compare output latch (depend-
ing on device configuration) to the default
low level. This is not the PORTB or
PORTC I/O data latch.
CCPR4H CCPR4L
TMR1H TMR1L
Comparator QS
R
Output
Logic
Set CCP4IF
CCP4 Pin
TRIS
CCP4CON<3:0>
Output Enable
TMR3H TMR3L
CCPR5H CCPR5L
Comparator
1
0
T3CCP2
T3CCP1
Set CCP5IF
1
0
Compare
4
Q
S
R
Output
Logic
CCP5 Pin
TRIS
CCP5CON<3:0>
Output Enable
4
Match
Compare
Match
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 193
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TABLE 17-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE, TIMER1 AND TIMER3
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
RCON IPEN —CM RI TO PD POR BOR 70
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF ETHIF rBCL1IF —TMR3IFCCP2IF 71
PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE ETHIE rBCL1IE —TMR3IECCP2IE 71
IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP ETHIP rBCL1IP —TMR3IPCCP2IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
TRISG TRISG7 TRISG6 TRISG5 TRISG4 TRISG3(1) TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0 71
TMR1L Timer1 Register Low Byte 70
TMR1H Timer1 Register High Byte 70
T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 70
TMR3H Timer3 Register High Byte 70
TMR3L Timer3 Register Low Byte 70
T3CON RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 71
CCPR4L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte 72
CCPR4H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte 72
CCPR5L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte 73
CCPR5H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte 73
CCP4CON —— DC4B1 DC4B0 CCP4M3 CCP4M2 CCP4M1 CCP4M0 73
CCP5CON —— DC5B1 DC5B0 CCP5M3 CCP5M2 CCP5M1 CCP5M0 73
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved. Shaded cells are not used by Capture/Compare, Timer1 or
Timer3.
Note 1: This bit is only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices; otherwise, it is unimplemented and reads as ‘0’.
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DS39762F-page 194 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
17.4 PWM Mode
In Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCPx pin
produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since
the CCP4 and CCP5 pins are multiplexed with a
PORTG data latch, the appropriate TRISG bit must be
cleared to make the CCP4 or CCP5 pin an output.
Figure 17-4 shows a simplified block diagram of the
CCPx module in PWM mode.
For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up a CCPx
module for PWM operation, see Section 17.4.3
“Setup for PWM Operation”.
FIGURE 17-4: SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK
DIAGRAM
A PWM output (Figure 17-5) has a time base (period)
and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle).
The frequency of the PWM is the inverse of the
period (1/period).
FIGURE 17-5: PWM OUTPUT
17.4.1 PWM PERIOD
The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2
(PR4) register. The PWM period can be calculated
using Equation 17-1:
EQUATION 17-1:
PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period].
When TMR2 (TMR4) is equal to PR2 (PR4), the
following three events occur on the next increment
cycle:
• TMR2 (TMR4) is cleared
• The CCPx pin is set (exception: if PWM duty
cycle = 0%, the CCPx pin will not be set)
• The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPRxL into
CCPRxH
17.4.2 PWM DUTY CYCLE
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the
CCPRxL register and to the CCPxCON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPRxL contains
the eight MSbs and the CCPxCON<5:4> contains the
two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4>. Equation 17-2 is used to
calculate the PWM duty cycle in time.
EQUATION 17-2:
CCPRxL and CCPxCON<5:4> can be written to at any
time, but the duty cycle value is not latched into
CCPRxH until after a match between PR2 (PR4) and
TMR2 (TMR4) occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In
PWM mode, CCPRxH is a read-only register.
Note: Clearing the CCP4CON or CCP5CON
register will force the RG3 or RG4 output
latch (depending on device configuration)
to the default low level. This is not the
PORTG I/O data latch.
CCPRxL
Comparator
Comparator
PRx
CCPxCON<5:4>
Q
S
RCCPx
TRIS
Output Enable
CCPRxH
TMRx
2 LSbs Latched
From Q clocks
Reset
Match
TMRx = PRx
Latch
09
(1)
Note 1: The two LSbs of the Duty Cycle register are held by a
2-bit latch that is part of the module’s hardware. It is
physically separate from the CCPRx registers.
Duty Cycle Register
Set CCPx pin
Duty Cycle
Pin
Period
Duty Cycle
TMR2 (TMR4) = PR2 (TMR4)
TMR2 (TMR4) = Duty Cycle
TMR2 (TMR4) = PR2 (PR4)
Note: The Timer2 and Timer4 postscalers (see
Section 14.0 “Timer2 Module” and
Section 16.0 “Timer4 Module”) are not
used in the determination of the PWM
frequency. The postscaler could be used
to have a servo update rate at a different
frequency than the PWM output.
PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •
(TMR2 Prescale Value)
PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPRXL:CCPXCON<5:4>) •
TOSC • (TMRx Prescale Value)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 195
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The CCPRxH register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This
double-buffering is essential for glitchless PWM
operation.
When the CCPRxH and 2-bit latch match TMR2
(TMR4), concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or
2 bits of the TMR2 (TMR4) prescaler, the CCPx pin is
cleared.
The maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
frequency is given by Equation 17-3:
EQUATION 17-3:
17.4.3 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION
The following steps should be taken when configuring
the CCPx module for PWM operation:
1. Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2 (PR4)
register.
2. Set the PWM duty cycle by writing to the
CCPRxL register and CCPxCON<5:4> bits.
3. Make the CCPx pin an output by clearing the
appropriate TRIS bit.
4. Set the TMR2 (TMR4) prescale value, then
enable Timer2 (Timer4) by writing to T2CON
(T4CON).
5. Configure the CCPx module for PWM operation.
TABLE 17-3: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 40 MHz
Note: If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than
the PWM period, the CCPx pin will not be
cleared.
log(FPWM
log(2)
FOSC )bitsPWM Resolution (max) =
PWM Frequency 2.44 kHz 9.77 kHz 39.06 kHz 156.25 kHz 312.50 kHz 416.67 kHz
Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)1641111
PR2 Value FFh FFh FFh 3Fh 1Fh 17h
Maximum Resolution (bits) 10 10 10 8 7 6.58
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DS39762F-page 196 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 17-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM, TIMER2 AND TIMER4
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
RCON IPEN —CM RI TO PD POR BOR 70
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
TRISG TRISG7 TRISG6 TRISG5 TRISG4 TRISG3(1) TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0 71
TMR2 Timer2 Register 70
PR2 Timer2 Period Register 70
T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 70
TMR4 Timer4 Register 72
PR4 Timer4 Period Register 72
T4CON — T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0 72
CCPR4L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte 72
CCPR4H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte 72
CCPR5L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte 73
CCPR5H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte 73
CCP4CON —— DC4B1 DC4B0 CCP4M3 CCP4M2 CCP4M1 CCP4M0 73
CCP5CON —— DC5B1 DC5B0 CCP5M3 CCP5M2 CCP5M1 CCP5M0 73
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PWM, Timer2 or Timer4.
Note 1: This bit is only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices; otherwise, it is unimplemented and reads as ‘0’.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 197
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
18.0 ENHANCED
CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM
(ECCP) MODULE S
In the PIC18F97J60 family of devices, three of the CCP
modules are implemented as standard CCP modules
with Enhanced PWM capabilities. These include the
provision for 2 or 4 output channels, user-selectable
polarity, dead-band control and automatic shutdown
and restart. The Enhanced features are discussed in
detail in Section 18.4 “Enhanced PWM Mode”.
Capture, Compare and single output PWM functions of
the ECCPx modules are the same as described for the
standard CCPx modules.
The control register for the Enhanced CCPx module is
shown in Register 18-1. It differs from the
CCP4CON/CCP5CON registers in that the two Most
Significant bits are implemented to control PWM
functionality.
In addition to the expanded range of modes available
through the Enhanced CCPxCON register, the ECCPx
modules each have two additional registers associated
with Enhanced PWM operation and auto-shutdown
features. They are:
• ECCPxDEL (Dead-Band Delay)
• ECCPxAS (Auto-Shutdown Configuration)
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DS39762F-page 198 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 18-1: CCPxCON: ENHANCED CCPx CONTROL REGISTER (ECCP1/ECCP2/ECCP3)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
PxM1 PxM0 DCxB1 DCxB0 CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6 PxM<1:0>: Enhanced PWM Output Configuration bits
If CCPxM<3:2> = 00, 01, 10:
xx = PxA assigned as Capture/Compare input/output; PxB, PxC, PxD assigned as port pins
If CCPxM<3:2> = 11:
00 = Single output: PxA modulated; PxB, PxC, PxD assigned as port pins
01 = Full-bridge output forward: P1D modulated; P1A active; P1B, P1C inactive
10 = Half-bridge output: P1A, P1B modulated with dead-band control; P1C, P1D assigned as port pins
11 = Full-bridge output reverse: P1B modulated; P1C active; P1A, P1D inactive
bit 5-4 DCxB<1:0>: ECCPx Module PWM Duty Cycle Bit 1 and Bit 0
Capture mode:
Unused.
Compare mode:
Unused.
PWM mode:
These bits are the 2 LSbs of the 10-bit PWM duty cycle. The 8 MSbs of the duty cycle are found in CCPRxL.
bit 3-0 CCPxM<3:0>: ECCPx Module Mode Select bits
0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM disabled (resets ECCPx module)
0001 = Reserved
0010 = Compare mode; toggle output on match
0011 = Capture mode
0100 = Capture mode; every falling edge
0101 = Capture mode; every rising edge
0110 = Capture mode; every 4th rising edge
0111 = Capture mode; every 16th rising edge
1000 = Compare mode; initialize ECCPx pin low; set output on compare match (set CCPxIF)
1001 = Compare mode; initialize ECCPx pin high; clear output on compare match (set CCPxIF)
1010 = Compare mode; generate software interrupt only, ECCPx pin reverts to I/O state)
1011 = Compare mode; trigger special event (ECCPx resets TMR1 or TMR3, sets CCPxIF bit,
ECCPx trigger also starts A/D conversion if A/D module is enabled)(1)
1100 = PWM mode; PxA, PxC active-high; PxB, PxD active-high
1101 = PWM mode; PxA, PxC active-high; PxB, PxD active-low
1110 = PWM mode; PxA, PxC active-low; PxB, PxD active-high
1111 = PWM mode; PxA, PxC active-low; PxB, PxD active-low
Note 1: Implemented only for ECCP1 and ECCP2; same as ‘1010’ for ECCP3.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 199
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
18.1 ECCPx Outputs and Conf iguration
Each of the Enhanced CCPx modules may have up to
four PWM outputs, depending on the selected
operating mode. These outputs, designated PxA
through PxD, are multiplexed with various I/O pins.
Some ECCPx pin assignments are constant, while
others change based on device configuration. For
those pins that do change, the controlling bits are:
• CCP2MX Configuration bit (80-pin and 100-pin
devices only)
• ECCPMX Configuration bit (80-pin and 100-pin
devices only)
• Program memory operating mode set by the EMB
Configuration bits (100-pin devices only)
The pin assignments for the Enhanced CCPx modules
are summarized in Table 18-1, Table 1 8- 2 and
Table 18-3. To configure the I/O pins as PWM outputs,
the proper PWM mode must be selected by setting the
PxMx and CCPxMx bits (CCPxCON<7:6> and <3:0>,
respectively). The appropriate TRIS direction bits for
the corresponding port pins must also be set as
outputs.
18.1.1 ECCP1/ECCP3 OUTPUTS AND
PROGRAM MEMORY MODE
In 100-pin devices, the use of Extended Microcontroller
mode has an indirect effect on the ECCP1 and ECCP3
pins in Enhanced PWM modes. By default, PWM
outputs, P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C, are multiplexed to
PORTE pins, along with the high-order byte of the
external memory bus. When the bus is active in
Extended Microcontroller mode, it overrides the
Enhanced CCPx outputs and makes them unavailable.
Because of this, ECCP1 and ECCP3 can only be used
in compatible (single output) PWM modes when the
device is in Extended Microcontroller mode with default
pin configuration.
An exception to this configuration is when a 12-bit
address width is selected for the external bus
(EMB<1:0> Configuration bits = 10). In this case, the
upper pins of PORTE continue to operate as digital I/O,
even when the external bus is active. P1B/P1C and
P3B/P3C remain available for use as Enhanced PWM
outputs.
If an application requires the use of additional PWM
outputs during Extended Microcontroller mode, the
P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C outputs can be reassigned to
the upper bits of PORTH. This is done by clearing the
ECCPMX Configuration bit.
18.1.2 ECCP2 OUTPUTS AND PROGRAM
MEMORY MODES
For 100-pin devices, the Program Memory mode of the
device (Section 6.1.3 “PIC18F9XJ60/9XJ6 5 Program
Memory Modes”) also impacts pin multiplexing for the
module.
The ECCP2 input/output (ECCP2/P2A) can be multi-
plexed to one of three pins. The default assignment
(CCP2MX Configuration bit is set) for all devices is
RC1. Clearing CCP2MX reassigns ECCP2/P2A to RE7
in 80-pin and 100-pin devices.
An additional option exists for 100-pin devices. When
these devices are operating in Microcontroller mode,
the multiplexing options described above still apply. In
Extended Microcontroller mode, clearing CCP2MX
reassigns ECCP2/P2A to RB3.
18.1.3 USE OF CCP4 AND CCP5 WITH
ECCP1 AND ECCP3
Only the ECCP2 module has four dedicated, output
pins that are available for use. Assuming that the I/O
ports or other multiplexed functions on those pins are
not needed, they may be used without interfering with
any other CCPx module.
ECCP1 and ECCP3, on the other hand, only have
three dedicated output pins: ECCPx/PxA, PxB and
PxC. Whenever these modules are configured for
Quad PWM mode, the pin normally used for CCP4 or
CCP5 becomes the PxD output pin for ECCP3 and
ECCP1, respectively. The CCP4 and CCP5 modules
remain functional but their outputs are overridden.
18.1.4 ECCPx MODULES AND TIMER
RESOURCES
Like the standard CCPx modules, the ECCPx modules
can utilize Timers 1, 2, 3 or 4, depending on the mode
selected. Timer1 and Timer3 are available for modules
in Capture or Compare modes, while Timer2 and
Timer4 are available for modules in PWM mode.
Additional details on timer resources are provided in
Section 17.1.1 “CCPx/ECCPx Modules and Timer
Resources”.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 200 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 18-1: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP1
TABLE 18-2: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP2
ECCP Mode CCP1CON
Configuration RC2 RD0 or
RE6(1) RE5 RG4 RH7(2) RH6(2)
64-Pin Devices; 80-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 1;
100-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Microcontroller mode or
Extended Microcontroller mode with 12-Bit Address Width:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP1 RD0/RE6 RE5 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P1A P1B RE5 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P1A P1B P1C P1D RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
80-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 0;
100-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 0, All Program Memory modes:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP1 RD0/RE6 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P1A RD0/RE6 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 P1B RH6/AN14
Quad PWM(3) x1xx 11xx P1A RD0/RE6 RE5/AD13 P1D P1B P1C
100-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Extended Microcontroller mode with 16-Bit or 20-Bit Address Width:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP1 RD0/RE6 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
Legend: x = Don’t care. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP1 in a given mode.
Note 1: P1B is multiplexed with RD0 in 64-pin devices, and RE6 on 80-pin and 100-pin devices.
2: These pin options are not available in 64-pin devices.
3:
With ECCP1 in Quad PWM mode, the CCP5 pin’s output is overridden by P1D; otherwise, CCP5 is fully
operational.
ECCP Mode CCP2CON
Configuration RB3 RC1 RE7 RE2 RE1 RE0
All Devices, CCP2MX = 1, All Program Memory modes:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx RB3/INT3 ECCP2 RE7 RE2 RE1 RE0
Dual PWM 10xx 11xx RB3/INT3 P2A RE7 P2B RE1 RE0
Quad PWM x1xx 11xx RB3/INT3 P2A RE7 P2B P2C P2D
80-Pin and 100-Pin Devices, CCP2MX = 0, Microcontroller mode:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1 ECCP2 RE2 RE1 RE0
Dual PWM 10xx 11xx RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1 P2A P2B RE1 RE0
Quad PWM x1xx 11xx RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1 P2A P2B P2C P2D
100-Pin Devices, CCP2MX = 0, Extended Microcontroller mode:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP2 RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15 RE2/CS RE1/WR RE0/RD
Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P2A RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15 P2B RE1/WR RE0/RD
Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P2A RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15 P2B P2C P2D
Legend: x = Don’t care. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP2 in a given mode.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 201
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 18-3: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP3
ECCP Mode CCP3CON
Configuration RD1 or
RG0(1) RE4 RE3 RD2 or
RG3(1) RH5(2) RH4(2)
64-Pin Devices; 80-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 1;
100-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Microcontroller mode:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE4 RE3 RD2/RG3 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P3A P3B RE3 RD2/RG3 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
Quad PWM x1xx 11xx P3A P3B P3C P3D RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
80-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 0;
100-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 0, All Program Memory modes:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RD2/RG3 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P3A RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RD2/RG3 P3B RH4/AN12
Quad PWM(3) x1xx 11xx P3A RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 P3D P3B P3C
100-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Extended Mic rocon trolle r with 12-Bit Address W idth:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE4/AD12 RE3/AD11 RD2/RG3 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
Dual PWM 10xx 11xx P3A P3B RE3/AD11 RD2/RG3 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
100-Pin Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Extended Microcontroller mode with 16-Bit or 20-Bit Address Width:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RD2/RG3 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
Legend: x = Don’t care. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP3 in a given mode.
Note 1: ECCP3/P3A and CCP4/P3D are multiplexed with RD1 and RD2 in 64-pin devices, and RG0 and RG3 in 80-pin
and 100-pin devices.
2: These pin options are not available in 64-pin devices.
3:
With ECCP3 in Quad PWM mode, the CCP4 pin’s output is overridden by P3D; otherwise, CCP4 is fully
operational.
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DS39762F-page 202 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
18.2 Capture and Compare Modes
Except for the operation of the Special Event Trigger
discussed below, the Capture and Compare modes of
the ECCPx modules are identical in operation to that of
CCP4. These are discussed in detail in Section 17.2
“Capture Mode” and Section 17.3 “Compare
Mode”.
18.2.1 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER
ECCP1 and ECCP2 incorporate an internal hardware
trigger that is generated in Compare mode on a match
between the CCPRx register pair and the selected
timer. This can be used, in turn, to initiate an action.
This mode is selected by setting CCPxCON<3:0> to
‘1011’.
The Special Event Trigger output of either ECCP1 or
ECCP2 resets the TMR1 or TMR3 register pair,
depending on which timer resource is currently
selected. This allows the CCPRx register to effectively
be a 16-Bit Programmable Period register for Timer1 or
Timer3. In addition, the ECCP2 Special Event Trigger
will also start an A/D conversion if the A/D module is
enabled.
Special Event Triggers are not implemented for
ECCP3, CCP4 or CCP5. Selecting the Special Event
Trigger mode for these modules has the same effect as
selecting the Compare with Software Interrupt mode
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1010).
18.3 Standard PWM Mode
When configured in Single Output mode, the ECCPx
modules function identically to the standard CCPx
modules in PWM mode, as described in Section 17.4
“PWM Mode”. Sometimes this is also referred to as
“Compatible CCP” mode, as in Tables 18-1
through 18-3.
Note: The Special Event Trigger from ECCP2
will not set the Timer1 or Timer3 interrupt
flag bits.
Note: When setting up single output PWM
operations, users are free to use either of
the processes described in Section 17.4.3
“Setup for PWM Operation” or
Section 18.4.9 “Setup for PWM Opera-
tion”. The latter is more generic but will
work for either single or multi-output PWM.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 203
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18.4 Enhanced PWM Mode
The Enhanced PWM mode provides additional PWM
output options for a broader range of control applica-
tions. The module is a backward compatible version of
the standard CCPx modules and offers up to four out-
puts, designated PxA through PxD. Users are also able
to select the polarity of the signal (either active-high or
active-low). The module’s output mode and polarity are
configured by setting the PxM<1:0> and CCPxM<3:0>
bits of the CCPxCON register (CCPxCON<7:6> and
<3:0>, respectively).
For the sake of clarity, Enhanced PWM mode operation
is described generically throughout this section with
respect to ECCP1 and TMR2 modules. Control register
names are presented in terms of ECCP1. All three
Enhanced modules, as well as the two timer resources,
can be used interchangeably and function identically.
TMR2 or TMR4 can be selected for PWM operation by
selecting the proper bits in T3CON.
Figure 18-1 shows a simplified block diagram of PWM
operation. All control registers are double-buffered and
are loaded at the beginning of a new PWM cycle (the
period boundary when Timer2 resets) in order to pre-
vent glitches on any of the outputs. The exception is the
ECCP1 Dead-Band Delay register, ECCP1DEL, which
is loaded at either the duty cycle boundary or the
boundary period (whichever comes first). Because of
the buffering, the module waits until the assigned timer
resets instead of starting immediately. This means that
Enhanced PWM waveforms do not exactly match the
standard PWM waveforms, but are instead, offset by
one full instruction cycle (4 TOSC).
As before, the user must manually configure the
appropriate TRIS bits for output.
18.4.1 PWM PERIOD
The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2
register. The PWM period can be calculated using the
following equation:
EQUATION 18-1:
PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period]. When
TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events occur
on the next increment cycle:
•TMR2 is cleared
• The ECCP1 pin is set (if PWM duty cycle = 0%,
the ECCP1 pin will not be set)
• The PWM duty cycle is copied from CCPR1L into
CCPR1H
FIGURE 18-1: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE ENHANCED PWM MODULE
Note: The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 14.0
“Timer2 Module”) is not used in the
determination of the PWM frequency. The
postscaler could be used to have a servo
update rate at a different frequency than
the PWM output.
PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •
(TMR2 Prescale Value)
CCPR1L
CCPR1H (Slave)
Comparator
TMR2
Comparator
PR2
(Note 1)
RQ
S
Duty Cycle Registers
Clear Timer,
set ECCP1 pin and
latch D.C.
Note: The 8-bit timer TMR2 register is concatenated with the 2-bit internal Q clock, or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create the 10-bit
time base.
TRISx<x>
ECCP1/P1A
TRISx<x>
P1B
TRISx<x>
TRISx<x>
P1D
Output
Controller
P1M1<1:0>
2
CCP1M<3:0>
4
ECCP1DEL
ECCP1/P1A
P1B
P1C
P1D
P1C
CCP1CON<5:4>
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DS39762F-page 204 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
18.4.2 PWM DUTY CYCLE
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the
CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPR1L contains
the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> bits contain
the two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The PWM duty cycle is
calculated by the equation:
EQUATION 18-2:
CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any
time, but the duty cycle value is not copied into
CCPR1H until a match between PR2 and TMR2 occurs
(i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode, CCPR1H
is a read-only register.
The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This
double-buffering is essential for glitchless PWM opera-
tion. When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2,
concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or two bits
of the TMR2 prescaler, the ECCP1 pin is cleared. The
maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
frequency is given by the following equation:
EQUATION 18-3:
18.4.3 PWM OUTPUT CONFIGURATIONS
The P1M<1:0> bits in the CCP1CON register allow one
of four configurations:
• Single Output
• Half-Bridge Output
• Full-Bridge Output, Forward mode
• Full-Bridge Output, Reverse mode
The Single Output mode is the standard PWM mode
discussed in Section 18.4 “Enhanced PWM Mode”.
The Half-Bridge and Full-Bridge Output modes are
covered in detail in the sections that follow.
The general relationship of the outputs in all
configurations is summarized in Figure 18-2.
TABLE 18-4: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 40 MHz
PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>) •
TOSC • (TMR2 Prescale Value)
( )
PWM Resolution (max) =
FOSC
FPWM
log
log(2) bits
Note: If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than
the PWM period, the ECCP1 pin will not
be cleared.
PWM Frequency 2.44 kHz 9.77 kHz 39.06 kHz 156.25 kHz 312.50 kHz 416.67 kHz
Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)1641111
PR2 Value FFh FFh FFh 3Fh 1Fh 17h
Maximum Resolution (bits) 10 10 10 8 7 6.58
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 205
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FIGURE 18-2: PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-HIGH STATE)
0
Period
00
10
01
11
SIGNAL PR2 + 1
CCP1CON<7:6>
P1A Modulated
P1A Modulated
P1B Modulated
P1A Active
P1B Inactive
P1C Inactive
P1D Modulated
P1A Inactive
P1B Modulated
P1C Active
P1D Inactive
Duty
Cycle
(Single Output)
(Half-Bridge)
(Full-Bridge,
Forward)
(Full-Bridge,
Reverse)
Delay(1) Delay(1)
Relationships:
• Period = 4 * TOSC * (PR2 + 1) * (TMR2 Prescale Value)
• Duty Cycle = TOSC * (CCPR1L<7:0>:CCP1CON<5:4>) * (TMR2 Prescale Value)
• Delay = 4 * TOSC * (ECCP1DEL<6:0>)
Note 1: Dead-band delay is programmed using the ECCP1DEL register (Section 18.4.6 “Progr ammabl e
Dead-Band Delay”).
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DS39762F-page 206 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 18-3: PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-LOW STATE)
0
Period
00
10
01
11
SIGNAL PR2 + 1
CCP1CON<7:6> Duty
Cycle
(Single Output)
(Half-Bridge)
(Full-Bridge,
Forward)
(Full-Bridge,
Reverse)
Delay(1) Delay(1)
Relationships:
• Period = 4 * TOSC * (PR2 + 1) * (TMR2 Prescale Value)
• Duty Cycle = TOSC * (CCPR1L<7:0>:CCP1CON<5:4>) * (TMR2 Prescale Value)
• Delay = 4 * TOSC * (ECCP1DEL<6:0>)
Note 1: Dead-band delay is programmed using the ECCP1DEL register (Section 18.4.6 “Progr ammabl e
Dead-Band Delay”).
P1A Modulated
P1A Modulated
P1B Modulated
P1A Active
P1B Inactive
P1C Inactive
P1D Modulated
P1A Inactive
P1B Modulated
P1C Active
P1D Inactive
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 207
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18.4.4 HALF-BRIDGE MODE
In the Half-Bridge Output mode, two pins are used as
outputs to drive push-pull loads. The PWM output
signal is output on the P1A pin, while the complemen-
tary PWM output signal is output on the P1B pin
(Figure 18-4). This mode can be used for half-bridge
applications, as shown in Figure 18-5, or for full-bridge
applications, where four power switches are being
modulated with two PWM signals.
In Half-Bridge Output mode, the programmable
dead-band delay can be used to prevent shoot-through
current in half-bridge power devices. The value of bits,
P1DC<6:0>, sets the number of instruction cycles
before the output is driven active. If the value is greater
than the duty cycle, the corresponding output remains
inactive during the entire cycle. See Section 18.4.6
“Programmable Dead-Band Delay” for more details
on dead-band delay operations.
Since the P1A and P1B outputs are multiplexed with
the PORTC<2> and PORTE<6> data latches, the
TRISC<2> and TRISE<6> bits must be cleared to
configure P1A and P1B as outputs.
FIGURE 18-4: HALF-BRIDGE PWM
OUTPUT
FIGURE 18-5: EXAMPLES OF HALF-BRIDGE OUTPUT MODE APPLICATIONS
Period
Duty Cycle
td
td
(1)
P1A(2)
P1B(2)
td = Dead Band Delay
Period
(1) (1)
Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the
PR2 register.
2: Output signals are shown as active-high.
PIC18F97J60
P1A
P1B
FET
Driver
FET
Driver
V+
V-
Load
+
V
-
+
V
-
FET
Driver
FET
Driver
V+
V-
Load
FET
Driver
FET
Driver
PIC18F97J60
P1A
P1B
Standard Half-Bridge Circuit (“Push-Pull”)
Half-B ridge Output D r iv ing a Full-Bridge Circuit
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DS39762F-page 208 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
18.4.5 FULL-BRIDGE MODE
In Full-Bridge Output mode, four pins are used as
outputs; however, only two outputs are active at a time.
In the Forward mode, pin, P1A, is continuously active
and pin, P1D, is modulated. In the Reverse mode, pin,
P1C, is continuously active and pin, P1B, is modulated.
These are illustrated in Figure 18-6.
P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D outputs are multiplexed with
the data latches of the port pins listed in Table 18-1 and
Table 18-3. The corresponding TRIS bits must be
cleared to make the P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D pins
outputs.
FIGURE 18-6: FULL-BRIDGE PWM OUTPUT
Period
Duty Cycle
P1A(2)
P1B(2)
P1C(2)
P1D(2)
Forwar d Mode
(1)
Period
Duty Cycle
P1A(2)
P1C(2)
P1D(2)
P1B(2)
Reverse Mode
(1)
(1)
(1)
Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the PR2 register.
Note 2: Output signal is shown as active-high.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 209
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FIGURE 18-7: EXAMPLE OF FULL-BRIDGE APPLICA TION
18.4.5.1 Direction Change in Full-Bridge Mode
In the Full-Bridge Output mode, the P1M1 bit in the
CCP1CON register allows users to control the
forward/reverse direction. When the application firm-
ware changes this direction control bit, the module will
assume the new direction on the next PWM cycle.
Just before the end of the current PWM period, the
modulated outputs (P1B and P1D) are placed in their
inactive state, while the unmodulated outputs (P1A and
P1C) are switched to drive in the opposite direction.
This occurs in a time interval of (4 TOSC * (Timer2
Prescale Value) before the next PWM period begins.
The Timer2 prescaler will be either 1, 4 or 16, depend-
ing on the value of the T2CKPS bits (T2CON<1:0>).
During the interval from the switch of the unmodulated
outputs to the beginning of the next period, the
modulated outputs (P1B and P1D) remain inactive.
This relationship is shown in Figure 18-8.
Note that in Full-Bridge Output mode, the ECCP1 mod-
ule does not provide any dead-band delay. In general,
since only one output is modulated at all times,
dead-band delay is not required. However, there is a
situation where a dead-band delay might be required.
This situation occurs when both of the following
conditions are true:
1. The direction of the PWM output changes when
the duty cycle of the output is at or near 100%.
2. The turn-off time of the power switch, including
the power device and driver circuit, is greater
than the turn-on time.
Figure 18-9 shows an example where the PWM direc-
tion changes from forward to reverse at a near 100%
duty cycle. At time, t1, the outputs, P1A and P1D,
become inactive, while output, P1C, becomes active. In
this example, since the turn-off time of the power
devices is longer than the turn-on time, a shoot-through
current may flow through power devices, QC and QD
(see Figure 18-7), for the duration of ‘t’. The same
phenomenon will occur to power devices, QA and QB,
for PWM direction change from reverse to forward.
If changing PWM direction at high duty cycle is required
for an application, one of the following requirements
must be met:
1. Reduce PWM for a PWM period before
changing directions.
2. Use switch drivers that can drive the switches off
faster than they can drive them on.
Other options to prevent shoot-through current may
exist.
PIC18F97J60
P1A
P1C
FET
Driver
FET
Driver
V+
V-
Load
FET
Driver
FET
Driver
P1B
P1D
QA
QB QD
QC
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DS39762F-page 210 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 18-8: PWM DIRECTION CHANGE
FIGURE 18-9: PWM DIRECTION CHANGE AT NEAR 100% DUTY CYCLE
DC
Period(1)
SIGNAL
Note 1: The direction bit in the ECCP1 Control register (CCP1CON<7>) is written at any time during the PWM cycle.
2: When changing directions, the P1A and P1C signals switch before the end of the current PWM cycle at intervals
of 4 TOSC, 16 TOSC or 64 TOSC, depending on the Timer2 prescaler value. The modulated P1B and P1D signals
are inactive at this time.
Period
(Note 2)
P1A (Active-High)
P1B (Active-High)
P1C (Active-High)
P1D (Active-High)
DC
Forward Period Reverse Period
P1A(1)
tON(2)
tOFF(3)
t = tOFF – tON(2,3)
P1B(1)
P1C(1)
P1D(1)
External Switch D(1)
Potential
Shoot-Through
Current(1)
Note 1: All signals are shown as active-high.
2: tON is the turn-on delay of power switch, QC, and its driver.
3: tOFF is the turn-off delay of power switch, QD, and its driver.
External Switch C(1)
t1
DC
DC
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 211
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18.4.6 PROGRAMMABLE DEAD-BAND
DELAY
In half-bridge applications, where all power switches
are modulated at the PWM frequency at all times, the
power switches normally require more time to turn off
than to turn on. If both the upper and lower power
switches are switched at the same time (one turned on
and the other turned off), both switches may be on for
a short period of time until one switch completely turns
off. During this brief interval, a very high current
(shoot-through current) may flow through both power
switches, shorting the bridge supply. To avoid this
potentially destructive shoot-through current from flow-
ing during switching, turning on either of the power
switches is normally delayed to allow the other switch
to completely turn off.
In the Half-Bridge Output mode, a digitally program-
mable dead-band delay is available to avoid
shoot-through current from destroying the bridge
power switches. The delay occurs at the signal
transition from the non-active state to the active state.
See Figure 18-4 for the illustration. The lower seven
bits of the ECCP1DEL register (Register 18-2) set the
delay period in terms of microcontroller instruction
cycles (TCY or 4 TOSC).
18.4.7 ENHANCED PWM
AUTO-SHUTDOWN
When the ECCP1 is programmed for any of the
Enhanced PWM modes, the active output pins may be
configured for auto-shutdown. Auto-shutdown immedi-
ately places the Enhanced PWM output pins into a
defined shutdown state when a shutdown event
occurs.
A shutdown event can be caused by either of the two
comparator modules or the FLT0 pin (or any combina-
tion of these three sources). The comparators may be
used to monitor a voltage input proportional to a current
being monitored in the bridge circuit. If the voltage
exceeds a threshold, the comparator switches state and
triggers a shutdown. Alternatively, a low-level digital
signal on the FLT0 pin can also trigger a shutdown. The
auto-shutdown feature can be disabled by not selecting
any auto-shutdown sources. The auto-shutdown sources
to be used are selected using the ECCP1AS<2:0> bits
(ECCP1AS<6:4>).
When a shutdown occurs, the output pins are
asynchronously placed in their shutdown states,
specified by the PSS1AC<1:0> and PSS1BD<1:0> bits
(ECCP1AS<3:0>). Each pin pair (P1A/P1C and
P1B/P1D) may be set to drive high, drive low or be
tri-stated (not driving). The ECCP1ASE bit
(ECCP1AS<7>) is also set to hold the Enhanced PWM
outputs in their shutdown states.
The ECCP1ASE bit is set by hardware when a shutdown
event occurs. If automatic restarts are not enabled, the
ECCP1ASE bit is cleared by firmware when the cause of
the shutdown clears. If automatic restarts are enabled,
the ECC1PASE bit is automatically cleared when the
cause of the auto-shutdown has cleared.
If the ECCP1ASE bit is set when a PWM period begins,
the PWM outputs remain in their shutdown state for that
entire PWM period. When the ECCP1ASE bit is cleared,
the PWM outputs will return to normal operation at the
beginning of the next PWM period.
Note: Writing to the ECCP1ASE bit is disabled
while a shutdown condition is active.
REGISTER 18-2: ECCP1DEL: ECCP1 DEAD-BAND DELAY REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
P1RSEN P1DC6 P1DC5 P1DC4 P1DC3 P1DC2 P1DC1 P1DC0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 P1RSEN: PWM Restart Enable bit
1 = Upon auto-shutdown, the ECCP1ASE bit clears automatically once the shutdown event goes
away; the PWM restarts automatically
0 = Upon auto-shutdown, ECCP1ASE must be cleared in software to restart the PWM
bit 6-0 P1DC<6:0>: PWM Delay Count bits
Delay time, in number of FOSC/4 (4 * TOSC) cycles, between the scheduled time and actual time for a
PWM signal to transition to active.
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DS39762F-page 212 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 18-3: ECCP1AS: ECCP1 AUTO-SHUTDOWN CONFIGURATION REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
ECCP1ASE ECCP1AS2 ECCP1AS1 ECCP1AS0 PSS1AC1 PSS1AC0 PSS1BD1 PSS1BD0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 ECCP1ASE: ECCP1 Auto-Shutdown Event Status bit
0 = ECCP1 outputs are operating
1 = A shutdown event has occurred; ECCP1 outputs are in shutdown state
bit 6-4 ECCP1AS<2:0>: ECCP1 Auto-Shutdown Source Select bits
000 = Auto-shutdown is disabled
001 = Comparator 1 output
010 = Comparator 2 output
011 = Either Comparator 1 or 2
100 =FLT0
101 = FLT0 or Comparator 1
110 = FLT0 or Comparator 2
111 = FLT0 or Comparator 1 or Comparator 2
bit 3-2 PSS1AC<1:0>: A and C Pins Shutdown State Control bits
00 = Drive A and C pins to ‘0’
01 = Drive A and C pins to ‘1’
1x = A and C pins tri-state
bit 1-0 PSS1BD<1:0>: B and D Pins Shutdown State Control bits
00 = Drive B and D pins to ‘0’
01 = Drive B and D pins to ‘1’
1x = B and D pins tri-state
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 213
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18.4.7.1 Auto-Shutdown and Automatic
Restart
The auto-shutdown feature can be configured to allow
automatic restarts of the module following a shutdown
event. This is enabled by setting the P1RSEN bit of the
ECCP1DEL register (ECCP1DEL<7>).
In Shutdown mode with P1RSEN = 1 (Figure 18-10),
the ECCP1ASE bit will remain set for as long as the
cause of the shutdown continues. When the shutdown
condition clears, the ECCP1ASE bit is cleared. If
P1RSEN = 0 (Figure 18-11), once a shutdown condi-
tion occurs, the ECCP1ASE bit will remain set until it is
cleared by firmware. Once ECCP1ASE is cleared, the
Enhanced PWM will resume at the beginning of the
next PWM period.
Independent of the P1RSEN bit setting, if the
auto-shutdown source is one of the comparators, the
shutdown condition is a level. The ECCP1ASE bit
cannot be cleared as long as the cause of the shutdown
persists.
The Auto-Shutdown mode can be forced by writing a ‘1’
to the ECCP1ASE bit.
18.4.8 START-UP CONSIDERATIONS
When the ECCP1 module is used in the PWM mode, the
application hardware must use the proper external pull-up
and/or pull-down resistors on the PWM output pins. When
the microcontroller is released from Reset, all of the I/O
pins are in the high-impedance state. The external circuits
must keep the power switch devices in the OFF state until
the microcontroller drives the I/O pins with the proper
signal levels, or activates the PWM output(s).
The CCP1M<1:0> bits (CCP1CON<1:0>) allow the
user to choose whether the PWM output signals are
active-high or active-low for each pair of PWM output
pins (P1A/P1C and P1B/P1D). The PWM output
polarities must be selected before the PWM pins are
configured as outputs. Changing the polarity configura-
tion while the PWM pins are configured as outputs is
not recommended since it may result in damage to the
application circuits.
The P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D output latches may not be
in the proper states when the PWM module is initialized.
Enabling the PWM pins for output at the same time as
the ECCP1 module may cause damage to the applica-
tion circuit. The ECCP1 module must be enabled in the
proper Output mode and complete a full PWM cycle
before configuring the PWM pins as outputs. The com-
pletion of a full PWM cycle is indicated by the TMR2IF
bit being set as the second PWM period begins.
FIGURE 18-10: PW M AUTO-SHUTDOWN (P1RSEN = 1, AUTO-RESTART ENABLED)
FIGURE 18-11: PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN (P1RSEN = 0, AUTO-RESTART DISABLED)
Note: Writing to the ECCP1ASE bit is disabled
while a shutdown condition is active.
Shutdown
PWM
ECCP1ASE bit
Activity
Event
Shutdown
Event Occurs
Shutdown
Event Clears
PWM
Resumes
Normal PWM
Start of
PWM Period
PWM Period
Shutdown
PWM
ECCP1ASE bit
Activity
Event
Shutdown
Event Occurs
Shutdown
Event Clears
PWM
Resumes
Normal PWM
Start of
PWM Period
ECCP1ASE
Cleared by
Firmware
PWM Period
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DS39762F-page 214 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
18.4.9 SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION
The following steps should be taken when configuring
the ECCP1 module for PWM operation:
1. Configure the PWM pins, P1A and P1B (and
P1C and P1D, if used), as inputs by setting the
corresponding TRIS bits.
2. Set the PWM period by loading the PR2 (PR4)
register.
3. Configure the ECCP1 module for the desired
PWM mode and configuration by loading the
CCP1CON register with the appropriate values:
• Select one of the available output
configurations and direction with the
P1M<1:0> bits.
• Select the polarities of the PWM output
signals with the CCP1M<3:0> bits.
4. Set the PWM duty cycle by loading the CCPR1L
register and the CCP1CON<5:4> bits.
5. For auto-shutdown:
• Disable auto-shutdown; ECCP1ASE = 0
• Configure auto-shutdown source
• Wait for Run condition
6. For Half-Bridge Output mode, set the
dead-band delay by loading ECCP1DEL<6:0>
with the appropriate value.
7. If auto-shutdown operation is required, load the
ECCP1AS register:
• Select the auto-shutdown sources using the
ECCP1AS<2:0> bits.
• Select the shutdown states of the PWM
output pins using PSS1AC<1:0> and
PSS1BD<1:0> bits.
• Set the ECCP1ASE bit (ECCP1AS<7>).
8. If auto-restart operation is required, set the
P1RSEN bit (ECCP1DEL<7>).
9. Configure and start TMR2 (TMR4):
• Clear the TMRx interrupt flag bit by clearing
the TMRxIF bit (PIR1<1> for Timer2 or
PIR3<3> for Timer4).
• Set the TMRx prescale value by loading the
TxCKPS bits (T2CON<1:0> for Timer2 or
T4CON<1:0> for Timer4).
• Enable Timer2 (or Timer4) by setting the
TMRxON bit (T2CON<2> for Timer2 or
T4CON<2> for Timer4).
10. Enable PWM outputs after a new PWM cycle
has started:
• Wait until TMR2 (TMR4) overflows (TMRxIF
bit is set).
• Enable the ECCP1/P1A, P1B, P1C and/or
P1D pin outputs by clearing the respective
TRIS bits.
• Clear the ECCP1ASE bit (ECCP1AS<7>).
18.4.10 EFFECTS OF A RESET
Both Power-on Reset and subsequent Resets will force
all ports to Input mode and the CCPx/ECCPx registers
to their Reset states.
This forces the Enhanced CCPx modules to reset to a
state compatible with the standard CCPx modules.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 215
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TABLE 18-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ECCPx MODULES AND TIMER1 TO TIMER4
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
RCON IPEN —CM RI TO PD POR BOR 70
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF ETHIF rBCL1IF — TMR3IF CCP2IF 71
PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE ETHIE rBCL1IE — TMR3IE CCP2IE 71
IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP ETHIP rBCL1IP — TMR3IP CCP2IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
TRISB TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 71
TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 71
TRISD(1) TRISD7 TRISD6 TRISD5 TRISD4 TRISD3 TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 71
TRISE TRISE7(2) TRISE6(2) TRISE5 TRISE4 TRISE3 TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0 71
TRISG TRISG7 TRISG6 TRISG5 TRISG4 TRISG3(2) TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0(2) 71
TRISH(2) TRISH7 TRISH6 TRISH5 TRISH4 TRISH3 TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0 71
TMR1L Timer1 Register Low Byte 70
TMR1H Timer1 Register High Byte 70
T1CON RD16 T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 70
TMR2 Timer2 Register 70
T2CON — T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 70
PR2 Timer2 Period Register 70
TMR3L Timer3 Register Low Byte 70
TMR3H Timer3 Register High Byte 70
T3CON RD16 T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON 71
TMR4 Timer4 Register 72
T4CON — T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0 72
PR4 Timer4 Period Register 72
CCPRxL(3) Capture/Compare/PWM Register x Low Byte 70
CCPRxH(3) Capture/Compare/PWM Register x High Byte 70
CCPxCON(3) PxM1 PxM0 DCxB1 DCxB0 CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0 70
ECCPxAS(3) ECCPXASE ECCPXAS2 ECCPXAS1 ECCPXAS0 PSSXAC1 PSSXAC0 PSSXBD1 PSSXBD0 70, 73
ECCPxDEL(3) PxRSEN PxDC6 PxDC5 PxDC4 PxDC3 PxDC2 PxDC1 PxDC0 73
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved. Shaded cells are not used during ECCPx operation.
Note 1: Applicable in 64-pin devices only.
2: Registers and/or specific bits are unimplemented in 64-pin devices.
3: Generic term for all of the identical registers of this name for all Enhanced CCPx modules, where ‘x’ identifies the individual
module (ECCP1, ECCP2 or ECCP3). Bit assignments and Reset values for all registers of the same generic name are
identical.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 216 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 217
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
19.0 ETHERNET MODULE
All members of the PIC18F97J60 family of devices
feature an embedded Ethernet controller module. This
is a complete connectivity solution, including full imple-
mentations of both Media Access Control (MAC) and
Physical Layer (PHY) transceiver modules. Two pulse
transformers and a few passive components are all that
are required to connect the microcontroller directly to
an Ethernet network.
The Ethernet module meets all of the IEEE 802.3™
specifications for 10-BaseT connectivity to a twisted-pair
network. It incorporates a number of packet filtering
schemes to limit incoming packets. It also provides an
internal DMA module for fast data throughput and hard-
ware assisted IP checksum calculations. Provisions are
also made for two LED outputs to indicate link and
network activity.
A simple block diagram of the module is shown in
Figure 19-1.
The Ethernet module consists of five major functional
blocks:
1. The PHY transceiver module that encodes and
decodes the analog data that is present on the
twisted-pair interface and sends or receives it
over the network.
2. The MAC module that implements IEEE 802.3
compliant MAC logic and provides Media
Independent Interface Management (MIIM) to
control the PHY.
3. An independent, 8-Kbyte RAM buffer for storing
packets that have been received and packets
that are to be transmitted.
4. An arbiter to control access to the RAM buffer
when requests are made from the microcontroller
core, DMA, transmit and receive blocks.
5. The register interface that functions as an inter-
preter of commands and internal status signals
between the module and the microcontroller’s
SFRs.
FIGURE 19-1: ETHERNET MODULE BLOCK DIAGRAM
DMA and
IP Checksum
TXBM
RXBM
Arbiter
Flow Control
Host Interface
PHY
MII
Interface
MIIM
Interface
TPOUT+
TPOUT-
TPIN+
TPIN-
TX
RX
RBIAS
RXF (Filter)
RX
TX
MAC
ch0
ch1
ch0
ch1
Ethernet RAM
Buffer
EDATA Ethernet
Control
Ethernet
Buffer Pointers
MIRD/MIWR
MIREGADR
PHY Register Data
PHY Register Addresses
Ethernet
Data
Ethernet
Buffer
Addresses
Microcontroller SFRs
Microcontroller Data Bus
LEDA/LEDB Control
8
8-Kbyte
ch2
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 218 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
19.1 Physical Interfaces and External
Connections
19.1.1 SIGNAL AND POWER INTERFACES
PIC18F97J60 family devices all provide a dedicated
4-pin signal interface for the Ethernet module. No other
microcontroller or peripheral functions are multiplexed
with these pins, so potential device configuration
conflicts do not need to be considered. The pins are:
• TPIN+: Differential plus twisted-pair input
• TPIN-: Differential minus twisted-pair input
• TPOUT+: Differential plus twisted-pair output
• TPOUT-: Differential minus twisted-pair output
No provisions are made for providing or receiving
digital Ethernet data from an external Ethernet PHY.
In addition to the signal connections, the Ethernet mod-
ule has its own independent voltage source and ground
connections for the PHY module. Separate connections
are provided for the receiver (VDDRX and VSSRX), the
transmitter (VDDTX and VSSTX) and the transmitter’s
internal PLL (VDDPLL and VSSPLL). Although the voltage
requirements are the same as VDD and VSS for the
microcontroller, the pins are not internally connected.
For the Ethernet module to operate properly, supply
voltage and ground must be connected to these pins. All
of the microcontroller’s power and ground supply pins
should be externally connected to the same power
source or ground node, with no inductors or other filter
components between the microcontroller and Ethernet
module’s VDD pins.
Besides the independent voltage connections, the PHY
module has a separate bias current input pin, RBIAS. A
bias current, derived from an external resistor, must be
applied to RBIAS for proper transceiver operation.
19.1.2 LED CONFIGURATION
The PHY module provides separate outputs to drive the
standard Ethernet indicators, LEDA and LEDB. The LED
outputs are multiplexed with PORTA pins, RA0 and RA1.
Their use as LED outputs is enabled by setting the Con-
figuration bit, ETHLED (Register 25-6, CONFIG3H<2>).
When configured as LED outputs, RA0/LEDA and
RA1/LEDB have sufficient drive capacity (up to 25 mA)
to directly power the LEDs. The pins must always be
configured to supply (source) current to the LEDs. Users
must also configure the pins as outputs by clearing
TRISA<1:0>.
The LEDs can be individually configured to
automatically display link status, RX/TX activity, etc. A
configurable stretch capability prolongs the LED blink
duration for short events, such as a single packet
transmit, allowing human perception. The options are
controlled by the PHLCON register (Register 19-13).
Typical values for blink stretch are listed in Tabl e 19- 1.
TABLE 19-1: LED BLINK STRETCH
LENGTH
19.1.3 OSCILLATOR REQUIREMENTS
The Ethernet module is designed to operate at 25 MHz.
This is provided by the primary microcontroller clock,
either with a 25 MHz crystal connected to the OSC1
and OSC2 pins or an external clock source connected
to the OSC1 pin. No provision is made to clock the
module from a different source.
To maintain the required clock frequency, the microcon-
troller can operate only from the primary oscillator
source (PRI_RUN or PRI_IDLE modes) while the
Ethernet module is enabled. Using any other
power-managed mode will require that the Ethernet
module be disabled.
19.1.3.1 Start-up Timer
The Ethernet module contains a start-up timer,
independent of the microcontroller’s OST, to ensure
that the PHY module’s PLL has stabilized before
operation. Clearing the module enable bit, ETHEN
(ECON2<5>), clears the PHYRDY status bit
(ESTAT<0>). Setting the ETHEN bit causes this
start-up timer to start counting. When the timer expires,
after 1 ms, the PHYRDY bit will be automatically set.
After enabling the module by setting the ETHEN bit, the
application software should always poll PHYRDY to
determine when normal Ethernet operation can begin.
Stretch Length Typical Stretch (ms)
TNSTRCH (normal) 40
TMSTRCH (medium) 70
TLSTRCH (long) 140
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 219
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
19.1.4 MAGNETICS, TERMINATION AND
OTHER EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
To complete the Ethernet interface, the Ethernet
module requires several standard components to be
installed externally. These components should be
connected, as shown in Figure 19-2.
The internal analog circuitry in the PHY module requires
that an external resistor (2.26 k) be attached from
RBIAS to ground. The resistor influences the TPOUT+/-
signal amplitude. It should be placed as close as possible
to the chip with no immediately adjacent signal traces to
prevent noise capacitively coupling into the pin and
affecting the transmit behavior. It is recommended that
the resistor be a surface mount type.
On the TPIN+/TPIN- and TPOUT+/TPOUT- pins,
1:1 center-tapped pulse transformers, rated for Ethernet
operations (10/100 or 10/100/1000), are required. When
the Ethernet module is enabled, current is continually
sunk through both TPOUT pins. When the PHY is
actively transmitting, a differential voltage is created on
the Ethernet cable by varying the relative current sunk
by TPOUT+ compared to TPOUT-.
A common-mode choke on the PHY side of the interface
(i.e., between the microcontrollers’s TPOUT pins and
the Ethernet transformer) is not recommend. If a
common-mode choke is used to reduce EMI emissions,
it should be placed between the Ethernet transformer
and Pins 1 and 2, of the RJ-45 connector. Many Ethernet
transformer modules include common-mode chokes
inside the same device package. The transformers
should have at least the isolation rating specified in
Table 28-28 to protect against static voltages and meet
IEEE 802.3 isolation requirements (see Section 28.5
“Ethernet Specifications and Requirements” for
specific transformer requirements). Both transmit and
receive interfaces additionally require two resistors and
a capacitor to properly terminate the transmission line,
minimizing signal reflections.
All power supply pins must be externally connected to
the same power source. Similarly, all ground refer-
ences must be externally connected to the same
ground node. Each VDD and VSS pin pair should have
a 0.1 F ceramic bypass capacitor placed as close to
the pins as possible.
Since relatively high currents are necessary to operate
the twisted-pair interface, all wires should be kept as
short as possible. Reasonable wire widths should be
used on power wires to reduce resistive loss. If the
differential data lines cannot be kept short, they should
be routed in such a way as to have a 100 characteristic
impedance.
FIGURE 19-2: EXTERNAL COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR ETHERNET OPERATION
PIC18FXXJ6X
LEDA LEDB RBIAS
TPOUT+
TPOUT-
TPIN+
TPIN-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RJ-45
1:1 CT
1:1 CT
0.1 F(1)
3.3V
Note 1: These components are installed for EMI reduction purposes. See Section 19.1.5 for more information.
2: Recommended insertion point for Common-Mode Chokes (CMCs) if required for EMI reduction.
3: See Section 3.3 “Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic Resonators (HS Modes)” for recommended values.
4: Power over Ethernet applications require capacitors in series with these resistors.
49.9, 1%
49.9, 1%
49.9, 1%
49.9, 1%
2.26 k, 1%
0.1 F
75(1,4)
1 nF, 2 kV(1)
75(1,4)
75(1, 4)
75(1,4)
CMC(2)
CMC(2)
C2(3)
25 MHz
C1(3)
OSC1
OSC2
1
120(1)
56pF(1)
120(1)
56pF(1)
±5%
±5%
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 220 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
19.1.5 EMI EMISSIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Most locales have limits on unintentional EMI or EMC
emissions that govern the amount of electromagnetic
energy that may be radiated into the environment
across a range of test frequencies. Ethernet applica-
tions normally do not include intentional radio
frequency emissions sources. They may experience
occasional regulatory failures though, due to the rela-
tive ease at which high-frequency noise may radiate
out of a long attached Ethernet cable. Long cables can
act as unintentional antennas.
The PIC18F97J60 family Ethernet module transmit
engine internally operates by stepping the 25 MHz
base Ethernet clock up to a high frequency via a PLL
embedded in the PHY module. Then, the high
frequency is used to turn on/turn off small current sinks
on the TPOUT+ and TPOUT- pins. This current-mode
drive technique allows the PHY to generate an Ether-
net TX waveform that resembles an analog signal, with
most spectral energy at or below 20 MHz.
However, while low in amplitude, the high frequency
used to synthesize the waveform can, in some applica-
tion circuits, radiate out of the circuit and result in
regulatory emissions compliance failures. Such failures
caused by the Ethernet module will normally be exhib-
ited as excess emissions at 200 MHz and occasionally
400 MHz.
To minimize the chance of failure, the use of the LC
low-pass filter is recommended on the TPOUT+ and
TPOUT- pins, as shown Figure 19-2.
In this circuit, 120 ohm ferrite beads are used along
with 56 pF±5% capacitors to form a low-pass filter with
a -3dB breakpoint that is above 20 MHz, but below
200 MHz. 10Base-T Ethernet signaling requires only
about 20 MHz of spectral bandwidth, so minimal distor-
tion is done to the Ethernet signal by using these filters.
However, noise at 200 MHz or 400 MHz, generated by
the PHY, is reduced by several decibels before having
a chance to radiate out of the application and cause a
regulatory failure. In this circuit, the ferrite beads must
have a saturation current rating of at least 100 mA.
If EMI emissions regulations are stringent in your
locale, additional care should be taken when selecting
the Ethernet magnetics to further minimize unintention-
ally radiating common-mode signals out of the Ethernet
cable. Ethernet magnetics with a high differential to
common-mode rejection ratio should be used.
The differential to common-mode rejection parameter
is normally expressed in magnetics manufacturers’
data sheets, in units of negative decibels across a test
frequency range. In the absence of test data indicating
otherwise, a more negative specification at higher
frequencies is recommended for the PIC18F97J60
family Ethernet module. For example, a device rated
for -40 dB @ 100 MHz is likely preferable to -33 dB @
100 MHz, even if the performance at 30 MHz is similar
or better on the -33 dB @ 100MHz magnetics.
Often, the use of “5-core” magnetics, or magnetics involv-
ing a center tapped inductor or auto-transformer on the
TX path, is also desirable for EMI emissions reasons.
19.1.6 AUTOMATIC RX POLARITY
DETECTION AND CORRECTION
10Base-T Ethernet signaling is performed on the Ether-
net cable as a differentially encoded Manchester data
stream. This signaling is polarized; therefore, it is
required that the RX+ Ethernet signal on the Ethernet
cable reach the TPIN+ pin, and the RX- Ethernet signal
reach the TPIN- pin. Connecting RX+ to TPIN- and RX-
to TPIN+ (by way of Ethernet isolation transformers)
will cause the PIC18F97J60 family Ethernet module to
successfully link with the remote partner. However, all
receive data will be corrupted by the polarity mismatch
and will be internally discarded by the PHY as if it were
noise on the wire.
Higher speed 100Base-TX and 1000Base-T Ethernet
technologies uses different signaling schemes. They
use Multi-Level Transition 3 (MLT3) and Five-Level
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM5) encoding on the
wire, respectively. These encodings are non-polarized.
Therefore, swapping the differential wires will have no
impact on the Ethernet controller's ability to
communicate with the remote node.
A limited number of modern 3rd party 10/100 and
10/100/1000 rated Ethernet devices (switches, routers
and end devices) connect their TX+ and TX- signals to the
incorrect pins on their RJ-45 Ethernet jack. These devices
are not IEEE Standard 802.3 compliant. However,
because 100Base-TX and 1000Base-T communications
continue to work without correct polarization, some 3rd
party vendors mistakenly release their products to
production without catching these polarization errors.
Due to these circumstances, current revisions of the
Ethernet controller in the PIC18F97J60 family of
devices are not compatible with a limited number of 3rd
party Ethernet devices. The PIC18FXXJXX devices will
link up with the partner and the PHY RX activity LED (if
enabled) will blink whenever a packet is transmitted to
the PIC18FXXJXX device. However, no packets will be
successfully received and written in the Ethernet
SRAM buffer when the polarity is incorrect. To eliminate
this problem, and obtain maximum interoperability with
3rd party devices, it is possible to externally add an RX
polarity swapping circuit to PIC18F97J60 family
applications. Figure 19-3 demonstrates the use of bus
switches to facilitate the swapping of the RX signals.
In Figure 19-3, a general purpose output pin is used to
select the polarity of the RX signals. When the select line
is held low, the A ports of the switches will connect with
the B0 ports, leaving the B1 ports disconnected. This will
allow the TPIN+ pin to be connected to Pin 3 of the
RJ-45 jack while TPIN- is connected to Pin 6. These
connections accommodate the IEEE Standard 802.3
specified polarity.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 221
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
When the select line is raised high, the A ports of the
switches will connect with the B1 ports, leaving the B0
ports disconnected. This will swap the RX polarity and
route the TPIN+ pin to the signal on RJ-45 Jack Pin 6.
TPIN- will connect to RJ-45 Pin 3. This swapped polar-
ity can correct an incorrectly wired signal generated at
the remote link partner or in the intermediate cabling.
In the MCU, software must be written to toggle the
select line state to the correct level based on the con-
nected link partner. This is best achieved by
periodically toggling the select line at low frequency
(<5 Hz), while watching for a successful packet recep-
tion event. When the correct polarity is found, the select
line should stop toggling and remain static until the
Ethernet link is removed.
In some cases, rather than periodically toggling the
polarity select at a low frequency to receive a packet,
faster determination of the correct polarity may be
determined by transmitting a packet and looking for an
immediate response. This method requires the use of
a protocol that results in a response packet from the
network. In many networks, Dynamic Host Configura-
tion Protocol (DHCP) discovery packets may be used
to resolve the correct TPIN polarity quickly.
Care should be taken when selecting the bus switches
to ensure that they are capable of passing the Ethernet
signals without distortion. The TPIN± pins will weakly
bias the RX common-mode voltage to approximately
VDD/2, and the Ethernet RX waveform will add up to
±1.4V onto this common-mode voltage. Therefore, the
switches must be capable of passing signals of at least
3.05V.
Additionally, the bus switches should have low
capacitance to minimize the signal loss and impedance
discontinuity that may affect the RX signal. The
switches, rated -3dB bandwidth, must be well above
20 MHz.
FIGURE 19-3: RX POLARITY CORRECTION CIRCUIT (TX CONNECTIONS NOT SHOWN)
PIC18FXXJ6X
GPIO
TPIN+
TPIN-
49.949.9
0.1 F
NC7SB3157
NC7SB3157 100K
+3.3V
+3.3V
RJ-45 and Magnetics
TX
RX
1
2
34
5
6
1
2
34
5
6
4x
75 ohm
1000 pF 2kV
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 222 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
19.2 Ethernet Buffer and Register
Spaces
The Ethernet module uses three independent memory
spaces for its operations:
• An Ethernet RAM buffer which stores packet data
as it is received and being prepared for
transmission.
• A set of 8-bit Special Function Registers (SFRs),
used to control the module, and pass data back and
forth between the module and microcontroller core.
• A separate set of 16-bit PHY registers used
specifically for PHY control and status reporting.
The Ethernet buffer and PHY Control registers are
contained entirely within the Ethernet module and can-
not be accessed directly by the microcontroller. Data is
transferred between the Ethernet and microcontroller
by using buffer and pointer registers mapped in the
microcontroller’s SFR space. The relationships
between the SFRs and the Ethernet module’s memory
spaces are shown in Figure 19-4.
FIGURE 19-4: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROCONTROLLER AND ETHERNET
MEMORY SPACES
0000h
1FFFh
Ethernet Buffer
00h
1Fh
PHY Registers
Ethernet ModuleMicrocontroller SFRs
EDATA
ERDPT(H:L)
EWRPT(H:L)
ETXST(H:L)
ETXND(H:L)
ERXST(H:L)
ERXND(H:L)
ERXRDPT(H:L)
ERXWRPT(H:L)
MIRD(H:L)
MIWR(H:L)
MIREGADR
Ethernet Data
Buffer Address
PHY Register Data (In/Out)
PHY Register Address
Note: Microcontroller SFRs are not shown in the order of their placement in the data memory space. Memory areas are
not shown to scale.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 223
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
19.2.1 ETHERNET BUFFER AND BUFFER
POINTER REGISTERS
The Ethernet buffer contains the transmit and receive
memory used by the Ethernet controller. The entire
buffer is 8 Kbytes, divided into separate receive and
transmit buffer spaces. The sizes and locations of
transmit and receive memory are fully definable using
the pointers in the Ethernet SFR space. The organiza-
tion of the memory space and the relationships of the
pointers are shown in Figure 19-5.
The buffer is always accessible through the EDATA and
Ethernet Pointer SFRs, regardless of whether or not the
Ethernet module is enabled. This makes the buffer
potentially useful for applications requiring large amounts
of RAM and that do not require Ethernet communication.
In these instances, disabling the Ethernet module
reduces overall power usage but does not prevent buffer
access.
19.2.1.1 Reading and Writing to the Buffer
The Ethernet buffer contents are accessed through the
EDATA register, which acts as a window from the
microcontroller data bus into the buffer. The location of
that window is determined by either the ERDPT or
EWRPT Pointers, depending on the operation being
performed. For example, writing to EDATA causes a
write to the Ethernet buffer at the address currently
indicated by the EWRPT register pair. Similarly, moving
the contents of EDATA to another register actually
moves the buffer contents at the address indicated by
the ERDPT Pointer.
When the AUTOINC bit (ECON2<7>) is set, the asso-
ciated Read or Write Pointer increments by one
address following each read or write operation. This
eliminates the need to constantly update a pointer after
each read or write, simplifying multiple sequential
operations. By default, the AUTOINC bit is set.
While sequentially reading from the receive buffer, a
wrapping condition will occur at the end of the receive
buffer. A read of EDATA, from the address programmed
into the ERXND Pointers, will cause the ERDPT
registers to be incremented to the value contained in
the ERXST Pointers. Writing to the buffer, on the other
hand, does not result in automatic wrapping.
By design, the Ethernet memory buffer is unable to
support a set of operations where EDATA is used as
both an operand and a data destination. Failure to
observe these restrictions will result in a corrupted read
or write. Also, due to the read-modify-write architecture
of the processor core, single-cycle instructions, which
write to the EDATA register, will have a side effect of
automatically incrementing the ERDPT registers when
AUTOINC is set. Using double-cycle MOVFF, MOVSF
and MOVSS instructions to write to EDATA will not affect
the Read Pointer. See the following note for examples.
Note: Any single instruction that performs both a
read and write to the EDATA SFR register
will result in a corrupted operation.
Unsupported examples:
INCF EDATA, F
XORWF EDATA, F
MOVFF EDATA, EDATA
MOVFF INDF0, EDATA; (FSR0 = F61h)
Instructions that only perform one read or
one write are permitted.
Supported examples:
INCF EDATA, W
MOVF EDATA, W
MOVFF
INDF0, EDATA; (FSR0 != F61h)
Single-cycle, write-only instructions, while
valid, will have a side effect of also incre-
menting the ERDPT registers when
AUTOINC is enabled.
Examples incrementing both ERDPT and
EWRPT:
CLRF EDATA
SETF EDATA
MOVWF EDATA
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 224 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 19-5: ETHERNET BUFFER ORGANIZATION
Transmit
Buffer
0000h
1FFFh
Transmit Buffer Start
(ETXSTH:ETXSTL)
Transmit Buffer End
(ETXNDH:ETXNDL)
Receive Buffer Start
(ERXSTH:ERXSTL)
Receive Buffer End
(ERXNDH:ERXNDL)
Receive
Buffer
Buffer Write Pointer
(EWRPTH:EWRPTL) AAh Write Buffer Data
Buffer Read Pointer
(ERDPTH:ERDPTL) Read Buffer Data
(Circular FIFO)
55h
(data 55h moved out of EDATA)
(data AAh moved to EDATA)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 225
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
19.2.1.2 Receive Buffer
The receive buffer constitutes a circular FIFO buffer
managed by hardware. The register pairs,
ERXSTH:ERXSTL and ERXNDH:ERXNDL, serve as
pointers to define the buffer’s size and location within
the memory. The byte pointed to by the ERXST pair
and the byte pointed to by the ERXND pair are both
included in the FIFO buffer.
As bytes of data are received from the Ethernet
interface, they are written into the receive buffer
sequentially. However, after the memory pointed to by
the ERXND Pointers is written to, the hardware will
automatically write the next byte of received data to the
memory pointed to by the ERXST pair. As a result, the
receive hardware will never write outside the
boundaries of the FIFO.
The user may program the ERXST and ERXND
Pointers while the receive logic is disabled. The point-
ers must not be modified while the receive logic is
enabled (ERXEN (ECON1<2>) is set).
The buffer hardware uses an Internal Pointer (not
mapped to any user-accessible registers) to determine
where unvalidated incoming data is to be written. When
a packet has been completely received and validated,
the read-only ERXWRPTH:ERXWRPTL registers are
updated with the Internal Pointer’s value. Thus, the
ERXWRPT registers define the general area in the
receive buffer where data is currently being written. This
makes it useful for determining how much free space is
available within the FIFO.
The ERXRDPT registers define a location within the
FIFO where the receive hardware is forbidden to write to.
In normal operation, the receive hardware will write data
up to, but not including, the memory pointed to by the
ERXRDPT registers. If the FIFO fills up with data and
new data continues to arrive, the hardware will not over-
write the previously received data. Instead, the incoming
data will be thrown away and the old data will be
preserved. In order to continuously receive new data, the
application must periodically advance this pointer when-
ever it finishes processing some, or all, of the old
received data.
An example of how the Receive Buffer Pointers and
packet data are related in the circular buffer scheme is
shown in Figure 19-6. Note that while four packets are
shown in this example, the actual number of packets
may be greater or lesser.
FIGURE 19-6: CIRCULAR FIFO BUFFER AND THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE POINTERS
Packet 1
(being processed
by application)
Packet 2
Packet 3
Packet 4
(currently being
received)
Unused Buffer
(may contain old data)
ERDPT:
ERXRDPT:
Data being read
out to application.
Sets boundary that Internal
Write Pointer cannot advance
Internal Write Hardware Pointer
points to the buffer
location being written
beyond. Prevents Internal
ERXWRPT:
Shows the end of
the last complete
received packet.
Direction of reading and writing data
(lower to higher buffer addresses).
PB
PB PB
ERXST ERXND
PB: Packet Boundary, as defined by
the Next Packet Pointers that precede
each packet.
Write Pointer from moving
into Packet 1’s data space.
(packet data is still
being received).
PB
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19.2.1.3 Transmit Buffer
Any space within the 8-Kbyte memory which is not
programmed as part of the receive FIFO buffer is consid-
ered to be the transmit buffer. The responsibility of
managing where packets are located in the transmit buf-
fer belongs to the application. Whenever the application
decides to transmit a packet, the ETXST and ETXND
Pointers are programmed with addresses specifying
where, within the transmit buffer, the particular packet to
transmit is located. The hardware does not check that the
start and end addresses do not overlap with the receive
buffer. To prevent buffer corruption, the firmware must not
transmit a packet while the ETXST and ETXND Pointers
are overlapping the receive buffer, or while the ETXND
Pointers are too close to the receive buffer. See
Section 19.5.2 “Transmitting Packets” for more
information.
19.2.1.4 Buffer Arbiter and Access Arbitration
The Ethernet buffer is clocked at one-half of the micro-
controller clock rate. Varying amounts of memory
access bandwidth are available depending on the clock
speed. The total bandwidth available, in bytes per sec-
ond, is equal to twice the instruction rate (2 * FCY or
FOSC/2). For example, at a system clock speed of
41.667 MHz, the total available memory bandwidth that
is available is 20.834 Mbyte/s. At an Ethernet signaling
rate of 10 Mbit/s, the Ethernet RX engine requires
1.25 Mbyte/s of buffer memory bandwidth to operate
without causing an overrun. If Full-Duplex mode is
used, an additional 1.25 Mbyte/s is required to allow for
simultaneous RX and TX activity.
Because of the finite available memory bandwidth, a
three-channel arbiter is used to allocate bandwidth
between the RX engine, the TX and DMA engines, and
the microcontroller’s CPU (i.e., the application access-
ing EDATA). The arbiter gives the EDATA register
accesses first priority, while all remaining bandwidth is
shared between the RX and TX/DMA blocks.
With arbitration, bandwidth limitations require that
some care be taken in balancing the needs of the mod-
ule’s hardware with that of the application. Accessing
the EDATA register too often may result in the RX or TX
blocks causing a buffer overrun or underrun, respec-
tively. If such a memory access failure occurs, the
BUFER bit (ESTAT<6>), and either the TXERIF or
RXERIF interrupt flag, becomes set, and a TX or RX
interrupt occurs (if enabled). In either case, the current
packet will be lost or aborted.
To eliminate the risk of lost packets, run the microcon-
troller core at higher speeds. Following the arbitration
restrictions, shown in Tabl e 19-2 , will prevent memory
access failures from occurring. Also, avoid using seg-
ments of application code which perform back-to-back
accesses of the EDATA register. Instead, insert one or
more instructions (including NOP instructions) between
each read or write to EDATA.
19.2.1.5 DMA Access to the Buffer
The integrated DMA controller must read from the
buffer when calculating a checksum, and it must read
and write to the buffer when copying memory. The DMA
follows the same wrapping rules as previously
described for the receive buffer. While it sequentially
reads, it will be subject to a wrapping condition at the
end of the receive buffer. All writes it does will not be
subject to any wrapping conditions. See Section 19.9
“Direct Memory Access Controller” for more
information.
TABLE 19-2: BUFFER ARBITRATION RESTRICTIONS VS. CLOCK SPEED
FOSC
(MHz) FCY
(MHz)
Available Bandwidth (Mbyte/s) Application Restrictions
to Prevent Underrun/Overrun
Total After RX After TX
41.667 10.42 20.83 19.58 18.33 Access EDATA no more than once every 2 TCY
31.250 7.81 15.63 14.38 13.13 Access EDATA no more than once every 2 TCY
25.000 6.25 12.50 11.25 10.00 Access EDATA no more than once every 2 TCY
20.833 5.21 10.42 9.17 7.92 Access EDATA no more than once every 2 TCY
13.889 3.47 6.94 5.69 4.44 Access EDATA no more than once every 2 TCY
12.500 3.13 6.25 5.00 3.75 Access EDATA no more than once every 2 TCY
8.333 2.08 4.17 2.92 1.67 Access EDATA no more than once every 3 TCY
6.250 1.56 3.13 1.88 0.63 Access EDATA no more than once every 5 TCY
4.167 1.04 2.08 0.83 < 0 Do not use DMA, do not use full duplex,
access EDATA no more than once every 3 TCY
2.778 0.69 1.39 0.14 < 0 Do not use DMA, do not use full duplex,
access EDATA no more than once every 10 T
CY
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19.2.2 SFRs AND THE ETHERNET MODULE
Like other peripherals, direct control of the Ethernet
module is accomplished through a set of SFRs.
Because of their large number, the majority of these
registers is located in the bottom half of Bank 14 of the
microcontroller’s data memory space.
Five key SFRs for the Ethernet module are located in
the microcontroller’s regular SFR area in Bank 15,
where fast access is possible. They are:
• ECON1
•EDATA
•EIR
• The Ethernet Buffer Read Pointer Pair (ERDPTH
and ERDPTL)
ECON1 is described along with other Ethernet control
registers in the following section. EDATA and
ERDPTH:ERDPTL are the Ethernet Data Buffer
registers and its pointers during read operations (see
Section 19.2.1 “Ethernet Buffer and Buffer Pointer
Registers”). EIR is part of the Ethernet interrupt
structure and is described in Section 19.3 “Ethernet
Interrupts”.
Many of the Ethernet SFRs in Bank 14 serve as pointer
registers to indicate addresses within the dedicated
Ethernet buffer for storage and retrieval of packet data.
Others store information for packet pattern masks or
checksum operations. Several are used for controlling
overall module operations, as well as specific MAC and
PHY functions.
19.2.3 ETHERNET CONTROL REGISTERS
The ECON1 register (Register 19-1) is used to control
the main functions of the module. Receive enable, trans-
mit request and DMA control bits are all located here.
The ECON2 register (Register 19-2) is used to control
other top level functions of the module. The ESTAT
register (Register 19-3) is used to report the high-level
status of the module and Ethernet communications.
The Ethernet SFRs with the ‘E’ prefix are always
accessible, regardless of whether or not the module is
enabled.
REGISTER 19-1: ECON1: ETHERNET CONTROL REGISTER 1
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0
TXRST RXRST DMAST CSUMEN TXRTS RXEN — —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 TXRST: Transmit Logic Reset bit
1 = Transmit logic is held in Reset
0 = Normal operation
bit 6 RXRST: Receive Logic Reset bit
1 = Receive logic is held in Reset
0 = Normal operation
bit 5 DMAST: DMA Start and Busy Status bit
1 = DMA copy or checksum operation is in progress (set by software, cleared by hardware or software)
0 = DMA hardware is Idle
bit 4 CSUMEN: DMA Checksum Enable bit
1 = DMA hardware calculates checksums
0 = DMA hardware copies buffer memory
bit 3 TXRTS: Transmit Request to Send bit
1 = The transmit logic is attempting to transmit a packet (set by software, cleared by hardware or software)
0 = The transmit logic is Idle
bit 2 RXEN: Receive Enable bit
1 = Packets which pass the current filter configuration will be written into the receive buffer
0 = All packets received will be discarded by hardware
bit 1-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
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REGISTER 19-2: ECON2: ETHERNET CONTROL REGISTER 2
R/W-1 R/W-0(1) R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0
AUTOINC PKTDEC ETHEN — — — — —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 AUTOINC: Automatic Buffer Pointer Increment Enable bit
1 = Automatically increment ERDPT or EWRPT registers on reading from, or writing to, EDATA
0 = Do not automatically change ERDPT and EWRPT registers after EDATA is accessed
bit 6 PKTDEC: Packet Decrement bit(1)
1 = Decrement the EPKTCNT register by one
0 = Leave EPKTCNT unchanged
bit 5 ETHEN: Ethernet Module Enable bit
1 = Ethernet module is enabled
0 = Ethernet module is disabled
bit 4-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Note 1: This bit is automatically cleared once it is set.
REGISTER 19-3: ESTAT: ETHERNET STATUS REGISTER
U-0 R/C-0 U-0 R/C-0 U-0 R-0 R/C-0 R-0
—BUFER— r — RXBUSY TXABRT PHYRDY
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit C = Clearable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6 BUFER: Ethernet Buffer Error Status bit
1 = An Ethernet read or write has generated a buffer error (overrun or underrun)
0 = No buffer error has occurred
bit 5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4 Reserved: Write as ‘0’
bit 3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 2 RXBUSY: Receive Busy bit
1 = Receive logic is receiving a data packet
0 = Receive logic is Idle
bit 1 TXABRT: Transmit Abort Error bit
1 = The transmit request was aborted
0 = No transmit abort error
bit 0 PHYRDY: Ethernet PHY Clock Ready bit
1 = Ethernet PHY start-up timer has expired; PHY is ready
0 = Ethernet PHY start-up timer is still counting; PHY is not ready
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19.2.4 MAC AND MII REGISTERS
These SFRs are used to control the operations of the
MAC, and through the MIIM, the PHY. The MAC and
MII registers occupy data addresses, E80h-E85h,
E8Ah and EA0h through EB9h.
Although MAC and MII registers appear in the general
memory map of the microcontroller, these registers are
embedded inside the MAC module. Host interface logic
translates the microcontroller data/address bus data to
be able to access these registers. The host interface
logic imposes restrictions on how firmware is able to
access the MAC and MII SFRs. See the following
notes.
The three MACON registers control specific MAC oper-
ations and packet configuration operations. They are
shown in Register 19-4 through Register 19-6.
The MII registers are used to control the MIIM interface
and serve as the communication channel with the PHY
registers. They are shown in Register 19-7 and
Register 19-8.
Note 1: Do not access the MAC and MII SFRs
unless the Ethernet module is enabled
(ETHEN = 1).
2: Back-to-back accesses of MAC or MII
registers are not supported. Between any
instruction which addresses a MAC or MII
register, at least one NOP or other
instruction must be executed.
REGISTER 19-4: MACON1: MAC CONTROL REGISTER 1
U-0 U-0 U-0
R-0
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— — —
r
TXPAUS RXPAUS PASSALL MARXEN
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-5 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4 Reserved: Do not use
bit 3 TXPAUS: Pause Control Frame Transmission Enable bit
1 = Allow the MAC to transmit pause control frames (needed for flow control in full duplex)
0 = Disallow pause frame transmissions
bit 2 RXPAUS: Pause Control Frame Reception Enable bit
1 = Inhibit transmissions when pause control frames are received (normal operation)
0 = Ignore pause control frames which are received
bit 1 PASSALL: Pass All Received Frames Enable bit
1 = Control frames received by the MAC will be written into the receive buffer if not filtered out
0 = Control frames will be discarded after being processed by the MAC (normal operation)
bit 0 MARXEN: MAC Receive Enable bit
1 = Enable packets to be received by the MAC
0 = Disable packet reception
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REGISTER 19-5: MACON3: MAC CONTROL REGISTER 3
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
PADCFG2 PADCFG1 PADCFG0 TXCRCEN PHDREN HFRMEN FRMLNEN FULDPX
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-5 PADCFG<2:0>: Automatic Pad and CRC Configuration bits
111 = All short frames are zero-padded to 64 bytes and a valid CRC will then be appended
110 = No automatic padding of short frames
101 = MAC automatically detects VLAN protocol frames which have a 8100h type field and auto-
matically pad to 64 bytes. If the frame is not a VLAN frame, it is padded to 60 bytes. After padding,
a valid CRC is appended.
100 = No automatic padding of short frames
011 = All short frames are zero-padded to 64 bytes and a valid CRC is appended
010 = No automatic padding of short frames
001 = All short frames are zero-padded to 60 bytes and a valid CRC is appended
000 = No automatic padding of short frames
bit 4 TXCRCEN: Transmit CRC Enable bit
1 = MAC appends a valid CRC to all frames transmitted, regardless of the PADCFG<2:0> bits.
TXCRCEN must be set if the PADCFG bits specify that a valid CRC is appended.
0 = MAC does not append a CRC. The last 4 bytes are checked and if it is an invalid CRC, it is
reported in the transmit status vector.
bit 3 PHDREN: Proprietary Header Enable bit
1 = Frames presented to the MAC contain a 4-byte proprietary header which is not used when
calculating the CRC
0 = No proprietary header is present; the CRC covers all data (normal operation)
bit 2 HFRMEN: Huge Frame Enable bit
1 = Jumbo frames and frames of any illegal size are allowed to be transmitted and received
0 = Frames bigger than MAMXFL are truncated when transmitted or received
bit 1 FRMLNEN: Frame Length Checking Enable bit
1 = The type/length field of transmitted and received frames is checked. If it represents a length, the
frame size is compared and mismatches are reported in the transmit/receive status vector.
0 = Frame lengths are not compared with the type/length field
bit 0 FULDPX: MAC Full-Duplex Enable bit
1 = MAC operates in Full-Duplex mode; application must also set PDPXMD (PHCON1<8>)
0 = MAC operates in Half-Duplex mode; application must also clear PDPXMD
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REGISTER 19-6: MACON4: MAC CONTROL REGISTER 4
U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R-0 R-0
— DEFER r r — — r r
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6 DEFER: Defer Transmission Enable bit (applies to half duplex only)
1 = When the medium is occupied, the MAC waits indefinitely for it to become free when attempting to
transmit (use this setting for IEE 802.3 compliance)
0 = When the medium is occupied, the MAC aborts the transmission after the excessive deferral limit
is reached
bit 5-4 Reserved: Maintain as ‘0’
bit 3-2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1-0 Reserved: Maintain as ‘0’
REGISTER 19-7: MICMD: MII COMMAND REGISTER
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— — — — — — MIISCAN MIIRD
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1 MIISCAN: MII Scan Enable bit
1 = PHY register at MIREGADR is continuously read and the data is placed in the MIRD registers
0 = No MII Management scan operation is in progress
bit 0 MIIRD: MII Read Enable bit
1 = PHY register at MIREGADR is read once and the data is placed in the MIRD registers
0 = No MII Management read operation is in progress
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19.2.5 PHY REGISTERS
The PHY registers provide configuration and control of
the PHY module, as well as status information about its
operation. All PHY registers are 16 bits in width.
PHY registers are accessed with a 5-bit address, for a
total of 32 possible registers; of these, only 7 addresses
are implemented. The implemented registers are listed
in Table 19-3. The main PHY Control registers are
described in Register 19-9 through Register 19-13. The
other PHY Control and Status registers are described
later in this chapter.
Unimplemented registers must never be written to.
Reading these locations will return indeterminate data.
Within implemented registers, all reserved bit locations
that are listed as writable must always be written with
the value provided in the register description. When
read, these reserved bits can be ignored.
Thy PHY registers are only accessible through the MII
Management interface. They must not be read or
written to until the PHY start-up timer has expired and
the PHYRDY bit (ESTAT<0>) is set.
19.2.5.1 PHSTAT Registers
The PHSTAT1 and PHSTAT2 registers contain
read-only bits that show the current status of the PHY
module’s operations, particularly the conditions of the
communications link to the rest of the network.
The PHSTAT1 register (Register 19-10) contains the
LLSTAT bit. The bit clears and latches low if the physical
layer link has gone down since the last read of the
register. The application can periodically poll LLSTAT to
determine exactly when the link fails. It may be
particularly useful if the link change interrupt is not used.
The PHSTAT2 register (Register 19-12) contains status
bits which report if the PHY module is linked to the
network and whether or not it is transmitting or receiving.
19.2.5.2 Accessing PHY Registers
As already mentioned, the PHY registers exist in a
different memory space and are not directly accessible
by the microcontroller. Instead, they are addressed
through a special set of MII registers in the Ethernet
SFR bank that implement a Media Independent
Interface Management (MIIM).
Access is similar to that of the Ethernet buffer, but uses
separate read and write buffers (MIRDH:MIRDL and
MIWRH:MIWRL) and a 5-bit address register
(MIREGADR). In addition, the MICMD and MISTAT
registers are used to control read and write operations.
REGISTER 19-8: MISTAT: MII STATUS REGISTER
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0
— — — — r NVALID SCAN BUSY
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3 Reserved: Do not use
bit 2 NVALID: MII Management Read Data Not Valid bit
1 = The contents of the MIRD registers are not valid yet
0 = The MII Management read cycle has completed and the MIRD registers have been updated
bit 1 SCAN: MII Management Scan Operation bit
1 = MII Management scan operation is in progress
0 = No MII Management scan operation is in progress
bit 0 BUSY: MII Management Busy bit
1 = A PHY register is currently being read, or written to. For internal synchronization, the hardware
will delay setting this bit for two T
CY following a firmware command, which sets the MIISCAN or
MIIRD bits, or writes to the MIWRH register.
0 = The MII Management interface is Idle
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To read from a PHY register:
1. Write the address of the PHY register to be read
into the MIREGADR register.
2. Set the MIIRD bit (MICMD<0>). The read
operation begins and the BUSY bit (MISTAT<0>)
is set after two TCY.
3. Wait 10.24 s, then poll the BUSY bit to be
certain that the operation is complete. When the
MAC has obtained the register contents, the
BUSY bit will clear itself. While BUSY is set, the
user application should not start any MIISCAN
operations or write to the MIWRH register.
4. Clear the MIIRD bit.
5. Read the entire 16 bits of the PHY register from
the MIRDL and MIRDH registers.
To write to a PHY register:
1. Write the address of the PHY register to be
written into the MIREGADR register.
2. Write the lower 8 bits of data to write into the
MIWRL register.
3. Write the upper 8 bits of data to write into the
MIWRH register. Writing to this register auto-
matically begins the MII transaction, so it must
be written to after MIWRL. The BUSY bit is set
automatically after two T
CY.
The PHY register is written after the MII operation
completes, which takes 10.24 s. When the write
operation has completed, the BUSY bit will clear itself.
The application should not start any MII scan or read
operations while busy.
When a PHY register is written to, the entire 16 bits are
written at once; selective bit and/or byte writes are not
implemented. If it is necessary to reprogram only select
bits in the register, the controller must first read the
PHY register, modify the resulting data and then write
the data back to the PHY register.
The MAC can also be configured to perform automatic
back-to-back read operations on a PHY register. To
perform this scan operation:
1. Write the address of the PHY register to be
scanned into the MIREGADR register.
2. Set the MIISCAN bit (MICMD<1>). The scan
operation begins and the BUSY bit is set after
two T
CY.
After MIISCAN is set, the NVALID (MISTAT<2>), SCAN
and BUSY bits are also set. The first read operation will
complete after 10.24 s. Subsequent reads will be
done and the MIRDL and MIRDH registers will be con-
tinuously updated automatically at the same interval
until the operation is cancelled. The NVALID bit may be
polled to determine when the first read operation is
complete.
There is no status information which can be used to
determine when the MIRD registers are updated. Since
only one MII register can be read at a time, it must not
be assumed that the values of MIRDL and MIRDH
were read from the PHY at exactly the same time
during a scan operation.
MIISCAN should remain set as long as the scan
operation is desired. The BUSY and SCAN bits are
automatically cleared after MIISCAN is set to ‘0’ and
the last read sequence is completed. MIREGADR
should not be updated while MIISCAN is set.
Starting new PHY operations, such as a read operation
or writing to the MIWRH register, must not be done
while a scan is underway. The operation can be
cancelled by clearing the MIISCAN bit and then polling
the BUSY bit. New operations may be started after the
BUSY bit is cleared.
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TABLE 19-3: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY PHY REGISTER SUMMARY
Addr Name Bit 15 Bit 14 Bit 13 Bit 12 Bit 11 Bit 10 Bit 9 Bit 8 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values
00h PHCON1 r r — — r r — PDPXMD r — — — — — — — 00-- 00-0 0--- --- -
01h PHSTAT1 — — — r r — — — — — — — — LLSTAT r — ---1 1--- ---- -00 -
10h PHCON2 —FRCLNK r r r r r HDLDIS rrr RXAPDIS r r r r -000 0000 0000 0000
11h PHSTAT2 —— TXSTAT RXSTAT COLSTAT L STAT r — — — r — — — — — --00 00x- --0- --- -
12h PHIE r r r r r r r r r r rPLNKIErr PGEIE rxxxx xxxx xx00 xx0 0
13h PHIR r r r r r r r r r r rPLNKIFr PGIF r r xxxx xxxx xx00 00x 0
14h PHLCON r r r r LACFG3 LACFG2 LACFG1 LACFG0 LBCFG3 LBCFG2 LBCFG1 LBCFG0 LFRQ1 LFRQ0 STRCH r0011 0100 0010 001x
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved, do not modify. Shaded cells are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
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REGISTER 19-9: PHCON1: PHY CONTROL REGISTER 1
R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0
r r — — r r —
PDPXMD
bit 15 bit 8
R/W-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0
r — — — — — — —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 15-14 Reserved: Write as ‘0’
bit 13-12 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 11-10 Reserved: Write as ‘0’
bit 9 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 8 PDPXMD: PHY Duplex Mode bit
1 = PHY operates in Full-Duplex mode; application must also set FULDPX (MACON3<0>)
0 = PHY operates in Half-Duplex mode, application must also clear FULDP
bit 7 Reserved: Maintain as ‘0’
bit 6-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
REGISTER 19-10: PHSTAT1: PHYSICAL LAYER STATUS REGISTER 1
U-0 U-0 U-0 R-1 R-1 U-0 U-0 U-0
— — — r r — — —
bit 15 bit 8
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/LL-0 R/LH-0 U-0
— — — — —LLSTAT r —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: ‘1’ = Bit is set r = Reserved bit
R = Read-only bit ‘0’ = Bit is cleared U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR R/L = Read-Only Latch bit LL = Latches Low bit LH = Latches High bit
bit 15-13 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 12-11 Reserved: Read as ‘1’
bit 10-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 2 LLSTAT: PHY Latching Link Status bit
1 = Link is up and has been up continously since PHSTAT1 was last read
0 = Link is down or was down for a period since PHSTAT1 was last read
bit 1 Reserved: Ignore on read
bit 0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
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REGISTER 19-11: PHCON2: PHY CONTROL REGISTER 2
U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— FRCLNK r r r r r HDLDIS
bit 15 bit 8
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
r r r RXAPDIS r r r r
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 15 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 14 FRCLNK: PHY Force Linkup bit
1 = Force linkup even when no link partner is detected (transmission is always allowed)
0 = Normal operation (PHY blocks transmission attempts unless a link partner is attached)
bit 13-9 Reserved: Write as ‘0’
bit 8 HDLDIS: PHY Half-Duplex Loopback Disable bit
1 = Normal PHY operation
0 = Reserved
bit 7-5 Reserved: Write as ‘0’
bit 4 RXAPDIS: RX+/RX- Operating mode bit
1 = Normal operation
0 = Reserved
bit 3-0 Reserved: Write as ‘0’
Note: Improper Ethernet operation may result if HDLDIS or RXAPDIS is cleared, which is the Reset default.
Always initialize these bits set before using the Ethernet module.
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REGISTER 19-12: PHSTAT2: PHYSICAL LAYER STATUS REGISTER 2
U-0 U-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-x U-0
—— TXSTAT RXSTAT COLSTAT LSTAT r —
bit 15 bit 8
U-0 U-0 R-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0
— — r — — — — —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 15-14 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 13 TXSTAT: PHY Transmit Status bit
1 = PHY is transmitting data
0 = PHY is not transmitting data
bit 12 RXSTAT: PHY Receive Status bit
1 = PHY is receiving data
0 = PHY is not receiving data
bit 11 COLSTAT: PHY Collision Status bit
1 = A collision is occuring (PHY is both transmitting and receiving while in Half-Duplex mode)
0 = A collision is not occuring
bit 10 LSTAT: PHY Collision Status bit
1 =Link is up
0 =Link is down
bit 9 Reserved: Ignore on read
bit 8-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5 Reserved: Ignore on read
bit 4-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
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REGISTER 19-13: PHLCON: PHY MODULE LED CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-0
r r r r LACFG3 LACFG2 LACFG1 LACFG0
bit 15 bit 8
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-x
LBCFG3 LBCFG2 LBCFG1 LBCFG0 LFRQ1 LFRQ0 STRCH r
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 15-14 Reserved: Write as ‘0’
bit 13-12 Reserved: Write as ‘1’
bit 11-8 LACFG<3:0>: LEDA Configuration bits
0000 = Reserved
0001 = Display transmit activity (stretchable)
0010 = Display receive activity (stretchable)
0011 = Display collision activity (stretchable)
0100 = Display link status
0101 = Display duplex status
0110 = Reserved
0111 = Display transmit and receive activity (stretchable)
1000 = On
1001 = Off
1010 = Blink fast
1011 = Blink slow
1100 = Display link status and receive activity (always stretched)
1101 = Display link status and transmit/receive activity (always stretched)
111x = Reserved
bit 7-4 LBCFG<3:0>: LEDB Configuration bits
0000 = Reserved
0001 = Display transmit activity (stretchable)
0010 = Display receive activity (stretchable)
0011 = Display collision activity (stretchable)
0100 = Display link status
0101 = Display duplex status
0110 = Reserved
0111 = Display transmit and receive activity (stretchable)
1000 = On
1001 = Off
1010 = Blink fast
1011 = Blink slow
1100 = Display link status and receive activity (always stretched)
1101 = Display link status and transmit/receive activity (always stretched)
111x = Reserved
bit 3-2 LFRQ<1:0>: LED Pulse Stretch Time Configuration bits (see Ta bl e 1 9 - 1 )
11 = Reserved
10 = Stretch LED events by TLSTRCH
01 = Stretch LED events by TMSTRCH
00 = Stretch LED events by TNSTRCH
bit 1 STRCH: LED Pulse Stretching Enable bit
1 = Stretchable LED events will cause lengthened LED pulses based on LFRQ<1:0> configuration
0 = Stretchable LED events will only be displayed while they are occurring
bit 0 Reserved: Write as ‘0’
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19.3 Ethe r n e t Inter r u pts
The Ethernet module can generate multiple interrupt
conditions. To accommodate all of these sources, the
module has its own interrupt logic structure, similar to
that of the microcontroller. Separate sets of registers
are used to enable and flag different interrupt
conditions.
The EIE register contains the individual interrupt
enable bits for each source, while the EIR register con-
tains the corresponding interrupt flag bits. When an
interrupt occurs, the interrupt flag is set. If the interrupt
is enabled in the EIE register, and the corresponding
ETHIE Global Interrupt Enable bit is set, the micro-
controller’s master Ethernet Interrupt Flag (ETHIF) is
set, as appropriate (see Figure 19-7).
19.3.1 CONTROL INTERRUPT (ETHIE)
The four registers associated with the control interrupts
are shown in Register 19-14 through Register 19-17.
FIGURE 19-7: ETHERNET MODULE INTERRUPT LOGIC
Note: Except for the LINKIF interrupt flag,
interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs, regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the associ-
ated global enable bit. User software
should ensure the appropriate interrupt
flag bits are clear prior to enabling an
interrupt. This feature allows for software
polling.
PKTIF
PKTIE
DMAIF
DMAIE
LINKIE
TXIF
TXIE
Set ETHIF
ETHIE
TXERIF
TXERIE
RXERIF
RXERIE
LINKIF
PGIF
PGEIE
PLNKIF
PLNKIE
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REGISTER 19-14: EIE: ETHERNET INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER
U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— PKTIE DMAIE LINKIE TXIE — TXERIE RXERIE
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6 PKTIE: Receive Packet Pending Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enable receive packet pending interrupt
0 = Disable receive packet pending interrupt
bit 5 DMAIE: DMA Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enable DMA interrupt
0 = Disable DMA interrupt
bit 4 LINKIE: Link Status Change Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enable link change interrupt from the PHY
0 = Disable link change interrupt
bit 3 TXIE: Transmit Enable bit
1 = Enable transmit interrupt
0 = Disable transmit interrupt
bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1 TXERIE: Transmit Error Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enable transmit error interrupt
0 = Disable transmit error interrupt
bit 0 RXERIE: Receive Error Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enable receive error interrupt
0 = Disable receive error interrupt
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REGISTER 19-15: EIR: ETHERNET INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER
U-0 R-0 R/C-0 R-0 R/C-0 U-0 R/C-0 R/C-0
— PKTIF DMAIF LINKIF TXIF — TXERIF RXERIF
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit C = Clearable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6 PKTIF: Receive Packet Pending Interrupt Flag bit
1 = Receive buffer contains one or more unprocessed packets; cleared only when EPKTCNT is
decremented to 0 by setting PKTDEC (ECON2<6>)
0 = Receive buffer is empty
bit 5 DMAIF: DMA Interrupt Flag bit
1 = DMA copy or checksum calculation has completed
0 = No DMA interrupt is pending
bit 4 LINKIF: Link Change Interrupt Flag bit
1 = PHY reports that the link status has changed; read PHIR register to clear
0 = Link status has not changed
bit 3 TXIF: Transmit Interrupt Flag bit
1 = Transmit request has ended
0 = No transmit interrupt is pending
bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1 TXERIF: Transmit Error Interrupt Flag bit
1 = A transmit error has occurred
0 = No transmit error has occurred
bit 0 RXERIF: Receive Error Interrupt Flag bit
1 = A packet was aborted because there is insufficient buffer space, or a buffer overrun has occurred
0 = No receive error interrupt is pending
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REGISTER 19-16: PHIE: PHY INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER
R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0
r r r r r r r r
bit 15 bit 8
R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
r r rPLNKIErrPGEIEr
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 15-6 Reserved: Write as ‘0’, ignore on read
bit 5 Reserved: Maintain as ‘0’
bit 4 PLNKIE: PHY Link Change Interrupt Enable bit
1 = PHY link change interrupt is enabled
0 = PHY link change interrupt is disabled
bit 3-2 Reserved: Write as ‘0’, ignore on read
bit 1 PGEIE: PHY Global Interrupt Enable bit
1 = PHY interrupts are enabled
0 = PHY interrupts are disabled
bit 0 Reserved: Maintain as ‘0’
REGISTER 19-17: PHIR: PHY INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER
R-x R-x R-x R-x R-x R-x R-x R-x
r r r r r r r r
bit 15 bit 8
R-x R-x R-0 R/SC-0 R-0 R/SC-0 R-x R-0
r r rPLNKIFrPGIFr r
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit SC = Self-Clearable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 15-6 Reserved: Ignore on read
bit 5 Reserved: Read as ‘0’
bit 4 PLNKIF: PHY Link Change Interrupt Flag bit
1 = PHY link status has changed since PHIR was last read; resets to ‘0’ when read
0 = PHY link status has not changed since PHIR was last read
bit 3 Reserved: Read as ‘0’
bit 2 PGIF: PHY Global Interrupt Flag bit
1 = One or more enabled PHY interrupts have occurred since PHIR was last read; resets to ‘0’ when read
0 = No PHY interrupts have occurred
bit 1 Reserved: Ignore on read
bit 0 Reserved: Read as ‘0’
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19.3.1.1 Receive Error Interrupt (RXERIF)
The receive error interrupt is used to indicate that a
packet being received was aborted due to an error
condition. Three errors are possible:
1. No buffer space is available to store the
incoming packet (buffer overflow);
2. Receiving another packet would cause the
EPKTCNT counter to overflow, because it
already contains the value, 255; or
3. The Ethernet RX hardware was not allocated
enough memory bandwidth to write the
incoming data to the buffer.
When a packet is being received and the receive error
occurs, the packet being received will be aborted (per-
manently lost) and the RXERIF bit will be set to ‘1’.
Once set, RXERIF can only be cleared by firmware or
by a Reset condition. If the receive error interrupt and
Ethernet interrupt are enabled (both RXERIE and
ETHIE are set), an Ethernet interrupt is generated. If
the receive error interrupt is not enabled (either
RXERIE or ETHIE is cleared), the application may poll
RXERIF and take appropriate action.
Normally, upon the first two receive error conditions
(buffer overflow or potential EPKTCNT overflow), the
application would process any packets pending from
the receive buffer, and then make additional room for
future packets by advancing the ERXRDPT registers
(low byte first) and decrementing the EPKTCNT regis-
ter. See Section 19.5.3.3 “Freeing Receive Buffer
Space” for more information on processing packets.
Once processed, the application should clear the
RXERIF bit.
The third condition (insufficient RX memory bandwidth)
can be identified by checking if the BUFER bit
(ESTAT<6>) has been set. Memory access errors that
set BUFER are generally transient in nature, and do not
require run-time resolution. Adjustments to the applica-
tion and its allocation of buffer memory bandwidth may
be necessary if BUFER errors are frequent or
persistent.
19.3.1.2 Transmit Error Interrupt (TXERIF)
The transmit error interrupt is used to indicate that a
transmit abort has occurred. An abort can occur
because of any of the following conditions:
1. More than 15 collisions occurred while attempting
to transmit a given packet.
2. A late collision (collision after 64 bytes of a
packet had been transmitted) has occurred.
3. The transmission was unable to gain an oppor-
tunity to transmit the packet because the
medium was constantly occupied for too long.
The deferral limit was reached and the DEFER
bit (MACON4<6>) was clear.
4. An attempt to transmit a packet larger than the
maximum frame length, defined by the
MAMXFL registers, was made without setting
the HFRMEN bit (MACON3<2>) or per-packet
POVERRIDE and PHUGEEN bits.
5. The Ethernet buffer did not have enough mem-
ory bandwidth to maintain the required 10 Mbit/s
transfer rate (buffer underrun).
Upon any of these conditions, the TXERIF flag is set to
‘1’. Once set, it can only be cleared by firmware or by a
Reset condition. If the transmit error interrupt is
enabled (TXERIE and ETHIE are both set), an Ethernet
interrupt is generated. If the transmit error interrupt is
not enabled (either TXERIE or ETHIE is cleared), the
application may poll TXERIF and take appropriate
action. Once the interrupt is processed, the flag bit
should be cleared.
After a transmit abort, the TXRTS bit (ECON1<3>) will
be cleared, the TXABRT bit (ESTAT<1>) becomes set
and the transmit status vector will be written at the
ETXND registers + 1. The MAC will not automatically
attempt to retransmit the packet. The application may
wish to read the transmit status vector and BUFER bit
to determine the cause of the abort. After determining
the problem and solution, the application should clear
the BUFER (if set) and TXABRT bits so that future
aborts can be detected accurately.
In Full-Duplex mode, Conditions 4 and 5 are the only
ones that should cause this interrupt. Condition 5 can
be further distinguished as it also sets the BUFER bit.
Collisions and other problems related to sharing the
network are not possible on full-duplex networks. The
conditions, which cause the transmit error interrupt,
meet the requirements of the transmit interrupt. As a
result, when this interrupt occurs, TXIF will also be
simultaneously set.
19.3.1.3 Transmit Interrupt (TXIF)
The transmit interrupt is used to indicate that the
requested packet transmission has ended (the TXRTS
bit has transitioned from ‘1’ to ‘0’). Upon transmission
completion, abort, or transmission cancellation by the
application, the TXIF flag will be set to ‘1’. If the
application did not clear the TXRTS bit, and the
TXABRT bit is not set, the packet was successfully
transmitted. Once TXIF is set, it can only be cleared in
software or by a Reset condition. If the transmit
interrupt is enabled (TXIE and ETHIE are both set), an
interrupt is generated. If the transmit interrupt is not
enabled (either TXIE or ETHIE is cleared), the
application may poll the TXIF bit and take appropriate
action.
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19.3.1.4 Link Change Interrupt (LINKIF)
The LINKIF indicates that the link status has changed.
The actual current link status can be obtained from the
LLSTAT (PHSTAT1<2>) or LSTAT (PHSTAT2<10>) bits
(see Register 19-10 and Register 19-12). Unlike other
interrupt sources, the link status change interrupt is
created in the integrated PHY module; additional steps
must be taken to enable it.
By Reset default, LINKIF is never set for any reason. To
receive it, both the PLNKIE and PGEIE bits must be
set. When the interrupt is enabled, the LINKIF bit will
shadow the contents of the PGIF bit. The PHY only
supports one interrupt, so the PGIF bit will always be
the same as the PLNKIF bit (when both PHY enable
bits are set).
Once LINKIF is set, it can only be cleared in software
or by a Reset. If the link change interrupt is enabled
(LINKIE, PLNKIE, PGEIE and ETHIE are all set), an
interrupt is generated. If the link change interrupt is not
enabled (LINKIE, PLNKIE, PGEIE or ETHIE are
cleared), the user application may poll the PLNKIF flag
and take appropriate action.
The LINKIF bit is read-only. Because reading PHY
registers requires a non-negligible period of time, the
application may instead set PLNKIE and PGEIE, then
poll the LINKIF flag bit. Performing an MII read on the
PHIR register will clear the LINKIF, PGIF and PLNKIF
bits automatically, and allow for future link status change
interrupts. See Section 19.2.5 “PHY Registers” for
information on accessing the PHY registers.
19.3.1.5 DMA Interrupt (DMAIF)
The DMA interrupt indicates that the DMA module has
completed its memory copy or checksum calculation
(the DMAST bit has transitioned from ‘1’ to ‘0’). Addi-
tionally, this interrupt will be caused if the application
cancels a DMA operation by manually clearing the
DMAST bit. Once set, DMAIF can only be cleared by
the firmware or by a Reset condition. If the DMA inter-
rupt is enabled, an Ethernet interrupt is generated. If
the DMA interrupt is not enabled, the user application
may poll the DMAIF flag status and take appropriate
action. Once processed, the flag bit should be cleared.
19.3.1.6 Receive Packet Pending Interrupt
(PKTIF)
The receive packet pending interrupt is used to indicate
the presence of one or more data packets in the receive
buffer and to provide a notification means for the arrival
of new packets. When the receive buffer has at least
one packet in it, the PKTIF flag bit is set. In other words,
this interrupt flag will be set any time the Ethernet
Packet Count register (EPKTCNT) is non-zero.
When the receive packet pending interrupt is enabled
(both PKTIE and ETHIE are set), an Ethernet interrupt
is generated whenever a new packet is successfully
received and written into the receive buffer. If the
receive packet pending interrupt is not enabled (either
PKTIE or ETHIE is cleared), the user application may
poll the PKTIF bit and take appropriate action.
The PKTIF bit can only be cleared indirectly in software,
by decrementing the EPKTCNT register to ‘0’, or by a
Reset condition. See Section 19.5.3 “Receiving Pack-
ets” for more information about clearing the EPKTCNT
register. When the last data packet in the receive buffer
is processed, EPKTCNT becomes zero and the PKTIF
bit is automatically cleared.
19.3.2 ETHERNET INTERRUPTS AND
WAKE-ON-LAN
The Ethernet interrupt structure implements a version
of Wake-on-LAN, also called Remote Wake-up, using a
Magic Packet data packet. This allows the application
to conserve power in Idle mode, and then return to
full-power operation only when a specific wake-up
packet is received.
For Remote Wake-up to work, the Ethernet module
must remain enabled at all times. It is also necessary to
configure the receive filters to select for Magic Packets.
For more information on filter configuration, see
Section 19.8 “Receive Filters”.
To configure the microcontroller for Remote Wake-up:
1. With the Ethernet module enabled and in normal
operating configuration, enable the CRC
post-filter and Magic Packets filter
(ERXFCON<5,3> = 1).
2. Finish processing any pending packets in the
Ethernet buffer.
3. Enable Ethernet interrupts at the micro-
controller level (PIE2<5> = 1) and the receive
packet pending interrupt at the module level
(EIE<6> = 1).
4. Place the microcontroller in PRI_IDLE mode (with
the primary clock source selected and
OSCCON<7> = 1, execute the SLEEP instruction).
In this configuration, the receipt of a Magic Packet data
packet will cause a receive packet pending interrupt.
This, in turn, will cause the microcontroller to wake-up
from the interrupt.
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19.4 Module Initialization
Before the Ethernet module can be used to transmit
and receive packets, certain device settings must be
initialized. Depending on the application, some config-
uration options may need to be changed. Normally,
these tasks may be accomplished once after Reset and
do not need to be changed thereafter.
Before any other configuration actions are taken, it is
recommended that the module be enabled by setting
the ETHEN bit (ECON2<5>). This reduces the Idle time
that might otherwise result while waiting for the
PHYRDY flag to become set.
19.4.1 RECEIVE BUFFER
Before receiving any packets, the receive buffer must
be initialized by setting the ERXST and ERXND Point-
ers. All memory between and including the ERXST and
ERXND addresses will be dedicated to the receive
hardware. The ERXST Pointers must be programmed
with an even address while the ERXND Pointers must
be programmed with an odd address.
Applications expecting large amounts of data and
frequent packet delivery may wish to allocate most of
the memory as the receive buffer. Applications that
may need to save older packets, or have several
packets ready for transmission, should allocate less
memory.
When programming the ERXST or ERXND Pointers, the
ERXWRPT Pointer registers will automatically be
updated with the value in the ERXST registers. The
address in the ERXWRPT registers will be used as the
starting location when the receive hardware begins
writing received data. When the ERXST and ERXND
Pointers are initialized, the ERXRDPT registers should
additionally be programmed with the value of the
ERXND registers. To program the ERXRDPT registers,
write to ERXRDPTL first, followed by ERXRDPTH. See
Section 19.5.3.3 “Freeing Receive Buffer Space” for
more information.
19.4.2 TRANSMISSION BUFFER
All memory which is not used by the receive buffer is
considered to be the transmission buffer. Data which is
to be transmitted should be written into any unused
space. After a packet is transmitted, however, the hard-
ware will write a 7-byte status vector into memory after
the last byte in the packet. Therefore, the application
should leave at least 7 bytes between each packet and
the beginning of the receive buffer.
19.4.3 RECEIVE FILTERS
The appropriate receive filters should be enabled or
disabled by writing to the ERXFCON register. See
Section 19.8 “Rece ive Filters” for information on how
to configure it.
19.4.4 WAITING FOR THE PHY START-UP
TIMER
If the initialization procedure is being executed immedi-
ately after enabling the module (setting the ETHEN bit
to ‘1’), the PHYRDY bit should be polled to make
certain that enough time (1 ms) has elapsed before
proceeding to modify the PHY registers. For more
information on the PHY start-up timer, see
Section 19.1.3.1 “Start-up Timer”.
19.4.5 MAC INITIALIZATION SETTINGS
Several of the MAC registers require configuration during
initialization. This only needs to be done once during
initialization; the order of programming is unimportant.
1. Set the MARXEN bit (MACON1<0>) to enable
the MAC to receive frames. If using full duplex,
most applications should also set TXPAUS and
RXPAUS to allow IEEE defined flow control to
function.
2. Configure the PADCFG<2:0>, TXCRCEN and
FULDPX bits in the MACON3 register. Most
applications should enable automatic padding to
at least 60 bytes and always append a valid
CRC. For convenience, many applications may
wish to set the FRMLNEN bit as well to enable
frame length status reporting. The FULDPX bit
should be set if the application will be connected
to a full-duplex configured remote node;
otherwise leave it clear.
3. Configure the bits in MACON4. For maintaining
compliance with IEEE 802.3, be certain to set
the DEFER bit (MACON4<6>).
4. Program the MAMXFL registers with the maxi-
mum frame length to be permitted to be received
or transmitted. Normal network nodes are
designed to handle packets that are 1518 bytes
or less; larger packets are not supported by
IEEE 802.3.
5. Configure the MAC Back-to-Back Inter-Packet
Gap register, MABBIPG, with 15h (when
Full-Duplex mode is used) or 12h (when
Half-Duplex mode is used). Refer to
Register 19-18 for a more detailed description of
configuring the inter-packet gap.
6. Configure the MAC Non Back-to-Back
Inter-Packet Gap Low Byte register, MAIPGL,
with 12h.
7. If half duplex is used, configure the MAC Non
Back-to-Back Inter-Packet Gap High Byte
register, MAIPGH, with 0Ch.
8. Program the local MAC address into the
MAADR1:MAADR6 registers.
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19.4.6 PHY INITIALIZATION SETTINGS
Depending on the application, bits in three of the PHY
module’s registers may also require configuration.
The PDPXMD bit (PHCON1<8>) controls the PHY
half/full-duplex configuration. The application must
program the bit properly, along with the FULDPX bit
(MACON3<0>).
The HDLDIS bit (PHCON2<8>) disables automatic
loopback of data. For proper operation, always set both
HDLDIS and RXAPDIS (PHCON2<4>).
The PHY register, PHLCON (Register 19-13), controls
the outputs of LEDA and LEDB. If an application
requires a LED configuration other than the default,
alter this register to match the new requirements. The
settings for LED operation are discussed in
Section 19.1.2 “LED Configuration”.
19.4.7 DISABLING THE ETHERNET
MODULE
There may be circumstances during which the Ethernet
module is not needed for prolonged periods. For
example, in situations where the application only needs
to transmit or receive Ethernet packets on the occur-
rence of a particular event. In these cases, the module
can be selectively powered down.
To selectively disable the module:
1. Turn off packet reception by clearing the RXEN
bit.
2. Wait for any in-progress packets to finish being
received by polling the RXBUSY bit
(ESTAT<2>). This bit should be clear before
proceeding.
3. Wait for any current transmissions to end by
confirming that the TXRTS bit (ECON1<3>) is
clear.
4. Clear the ETHEN bit. This removes power and
clock sources from the module, and makes the
PHY registers inaccessible. The PHYRDY bit is
also cleared automatically.
REGISTER 19-18: MABBIPG: MAC BACK-TO-BACK INTER-PACKET GAP REGISTER
U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— BBIPG6 BBIPG5 BBIPG4 BBIPG3 BBIPG2 BBIPG1 BBIPG0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6-0 BBIPG<6:0>: Back-to-Back Inter-Packet Gap Delay Time bits
When FULDPX (MACON3<0>) = 1:
Nibble time offset delay between the end of one transmission and the beginning of the next in a
back-to-back sequence. The register value should be programmed to the desired period in nibble
times minus 3. The recommended setting is 15h which represents the minimum IEEE specified
Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) of 9.6 s.
When FULDPX (MACON3<0>) = 0:
Nibble time offset delay between the end of one transmission and the beginning of the next in a
back-to-back sequence. The register value should be programmed to the desired period in nibble
times minus 6. The recommended setting is 12h which represents the minimum IEEE specified
Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) of 9.6 s.
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19.5 Transmitting and Receiving Data
The Ethernet protocol (IEEE Standard 802.3) provides
an extremely detailed description of the 10 Mbps,
frame-based serial communications system. Before
discussing the actual use of the Ethernet module, a
brief review of the structure of a typical Ethernet data
frame may be appropriate. It is assumed that users
already have some familiarity with IEEE 802.3. Those
requiring more information should refer to the official
standard, or other Ethernet reference texts, for a more
comprehensive explanation.
19.5.1 PACKET FORMAT
Normal IEEE 802.3 compliant Ethernet frames are
between 64 and 1518 bytes long. They are made up of
five or six different fields: a destination MAC address, a
source MAC address, a type/length field, data payload,
an optional padding field and a Cyclic Redundancy
Check (CRC). Additionally, when transmitted on the
Ethernet medium, a 7-byte preamble field and
Start-of-Frame (SOF) delimiter byte are appended to
the beginning of the Ethernet packet. Thus, traffic seen
on the twisted-pair cabling will appear as shown in
Figure 19-8.
19.5.1.1 Preamble/Start-of-Frame Delimiter
When transmitting and receiving data with the Ethernet
module, the preamble and Start-of-Frame delimiter
bytes are automatically generated, or stripped from the
packets, when they are transmitted or received. It can
also automatically generate CRC fields and padding as
needed on transmission, and verify CRC data on
reception. The user application does not need to create
or process these fields, or manually verify CRC data.
However, the padding and CRC fields are written into
the receive buffer when packets arrive, so they may be
evaluated by the user application as needed.
FIGURE 19-8: ETHERNET PACKET FORMAT
SA
Padding
FCS(1)
Number Field Comments
6
46-1500
4
DA Destination Address,
such as Multicast, Broadcast or Unicast
Source Address
Packet Payload
Frame Check Sequence – CRC
Type/Length
Data
of Bytes
6
2Type of Packet or the Length of the Packet
(with optional padding)
7Preamble Filtered Out by the Module
SFD
1Start-of-Frame Delimiter
(filtered out by the module)
Used in the
Calculation
of the FCS
Note 1: The FCS is transmitted starting with bit 31 and ending with bit 0.
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19.5.1.2 Destination Address
The destination address field is a 6-byte field filled with
the MAC address of the device that the packet is
directed to. If the Least Significant bit in the first byte of
the MAC address is set, the address is a Multicast
destination. For example, 01-00-00-00-F0-00 and
33-45-67-89-AB-CD are Multicast addresses, while
00-00-00-00-F0-00 and 32-45-67-89-AB-CD are not.
Packets with Multicast destination addresses are
designed to arrive and be important to a selected group
of Ethernet nodes. If the destination address field is the
reserved Multicast address, FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF, the
packet is a Broadcast packet and it will be directed to
everyone sharing the network. If the Least Significant
bit in the first byte of the MAC address is clear, the
address is a Unicast address and will be designed for
usage by only the addressed node.
The Ethernet module incorporates receive filters which
can be used to discard or accept packets with
Multicast, Broadcast and/or Unicast destination
addresses. When transmitting packets, the application
is responsible for writing the desired destination
address into the transmit buffer.
19.5.1.3 Source Address
The source address field is a 6-byte field filled with the
MAC address of the node which created the Ethernet
packet. Users of the Ethernet module must generate a
unique MAC address for each and every
microcontroller used.
MAC addresses consist of two portions. The first three
bytes are known as the Organizationally Unique Identi-
fier (OUI). OUIs are distributed by the IEEE. The last
three bytes are address bytes at the discretion of the
company that purchased the OUI.
When transmitting packets, the assigned source MAC
address must be written into the transmit buffer by the
application. The module will not automatically transmit
the contents of the MAADR registers which are used
for the Unicast receive filter.
19.5.1.4 Type/Length
The type/length field is a 2-byte field which defines
which protocol the following packet data belongs to.
Alternately, if the field is filled with the contents of
05DCh (1500) or any smaller number, the field is
considered a length field, and it specifies the amount of
non-padding data which follows in the data field. Users
implementing proprietary networks may choose to treat
this field as a length field, while applications
implementing protocols, such as the Internet Protocol
(IP) or Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), should
program this field with the appropriate type defined by
the protocol’s specification when transmitting packets.
19.5.1.5 Data
The data field is a variable length field anywhere from
0 to 1500 bytes. Larger data packets will violate Ethernet
standards and will be dropped by most Ethernet nodes.
The Ethernet module, however, is capable of transmit-
ting and receiving larger packets when the Huge Frame
Enable bit, HFRMEN, is set (MACON3<2> = 1).
19.5.1.6 Padding
The padding field is a variable length field added to
meet IEEE 802.3 specification requirements when
small data payloads are used. The destination, source,
type, data and padding of an Ethernet packet must be
no smaller than 60 bytes. Adding the required 4-byte
CRC field, packets must be no smaller than 64 bytes. If
the data field is less than 46 bytes long, a padding field
is required.
When transmitting packets, the Ethernet module auto-
matically generates zero-padding if the PADCFG<2:0>
bits (MACON3<7:5>) are configured for this. Otherwise,
the user application will need to add any padding to the
packet before transmitting it. The module will not prevent
the transmission of undersized packets should the
application command such an action.
When receiving packets, the module automatically
rejects packets which are less than 18 bytes. All pack-
ets, 18 bytes and larger, will be subject to the standard
receive filtering criteria and may be accepted as normal
traffic. Since the module only rejects packets smaller
than 18 bytes, it is important that the firmware check
the length of every received packet and reject packets
which are smaller than 64 bytes to meet IEEE 802.3
specification requirements.
19.5.1.7 CRC
The CRC field is a 4-byte field which contains an industry
standard, 32-bit CRC, calculated with the data from the
destination, source, type, data and padding fields. It pro-
vides a way of detecting corrupted Ethernet frames, as
well as junk data fragments resulting from packet
collisions or another host’s aborted transmissions.
When receiving packets, the Ethernet module will check
the CRC of each incoming packet. If the CRCEN bit is
set, packets with invalid CRCs will automatically be dis-
carded. If CRCEN is clear and the packet meets all other
receive filtering criteria, the packet will be written into the
receive buffer and the application will be able to deter-
mine if the CRC was valid by reading the receive status
vector (see Section 19.5.3 “Receiving Packet s”).
When transmitting packets, the module automatically
generates a valid CRC and transmits it if the
PADCFG<2:0> bits are configured for this. Otherwise,
the user application must generate the CRC and place
it in the transmit buffer. Given the complexity of calcu-
lating a CRC, it is highly recommended to allow the
module to automatically calculate and include the CRC.
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19.5.2 TRANSMITTING PACKETS
The Ethernet module’s MAC will automatically
generate the preamble and Start-of-Frame (SOF)
delimiter fields when transmitting. Additionally, the
MAC can generate any padding (if needed) and the
CRC if configured to do so. The application must
generate and write all other frame fields into the buffer
memory for transmission.
In addition, the Ethernet module requires a single
per-packet control byte to precede the packet for trans-
mission. The control byte is organized as shown in
Figure 19-9. Before transmitting packets, the MAC
registers, which alter the transmission characteristics,
should be initialized as documented in Section 19.4
“Module Initialization”.
FIGURE 19-9: FORMAT FOR PER-PACKET CONTROL BYTES
———— PHUGEEN PPADN PCRCEN POVERRIDE
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3 PHUGEEN: Per-Packet Huge Frame Enable bit
When POVERRIDE = 1:
1 = The packet will be transmitted in whole
0 = The MAC will transmit up to the number of bytes specified by the MAMXFL registers. If the packet
is larger than the bytes specified, it will be aborted after the MAMXFL registers specification is
reached.
When POVERRIDE = 0:
This bit is ignored.
bit 2 PPADN: Per-Packet Padding Enable bit
When POVERRIDE = 1:
1 = The packet will be zero-padded to 60 bytes if it is less than 60 bytes
0 = The packet will be transmitted without adding any padding bytes
When POVERRIDE = 0:
This bit is ignored.
bit 1 PCRCEN: Per-Packet CRC Enable bit
When POVERRIDE = 1:
1 = A valid CRC will be calculated and attached to the frame
0 = No CRC will be appended. The last 4 bytes of the frame will be checked for validity as a CRC.
When POVERRIDE = 0:
This bit is ignored.
bit 0 POVERRIDE: Per-Packet Override bit
1 = The values of PCRCEN, PPADN and PHUGEEN will override the configuration defined by
MACON3
0 = The values in MACON3 will be used to determine how the packet will be transmitted
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An example of how the entire assembled transmit
packet looks in memory is shown in Figure 19-10. To
construct and transmit a packet in this fashion:
1. Set the ETXST Pointers to an appropriate
unused location in the buffer. This will be the
location of the per-packet control byte. In the
example, it would be 0120h. It is recommended
that an even address be used for the ETXST
Pointers.
2. Using EDATA and the EWRPT registers,
sequentially write the packet data to the Ether-
net buffer. In order, write the data for the
per-packet control byte, the destination address,
the source MAC address, the type/length and
the data payload.
3. Set the ETXND Pointers to point to the last byte
in the data payload. In the example, it would be
programmed to 0156h.
4. Clear the TXIF flag bit (EIR<3>), and set the
TXIE (EIE<3>) and ETHIE bits to enable an
interrupt when done (if desired).
5. Start the transmission process by setting the
TXRTS bit (ECON1<3>).
If a DMA operation was in progress while the TXRTS bit
was set, the module will wait until the DMA operation is
complete before attempting to transmit the packet. This
possible delay is required because the DMA and
transmission engine share the same memory arbiter
channel. Similarly, if the DMAST bit is set after TXRTS
is already set, the DMA will wait until the TXRTS bit
becomes clear before doing anything.
While the transmission is in progress, the ETXST and
ETXND Pointers should not be modified. If it is
necessary to cancel the transmission, clear the TXRTS
bit.
When the packet is finished transmitting, or was
aborted due to an error/cancellation, several things
occur:
• The TXRTS bit is cleared.
• A 7-byte transmit status vector is written to the
buffer at the location pointed to by the ETXND
Pointers + 1.
• The TXIF flag is set.
• An interrupt will be generated (if enabled).
• The ETXST and ETXND Pointers will not be
modified.
To check if the packet was successfully transmitted,
read the TXABRT bit. If it has been set, poll the BUFER
bit in addition to the various fields in the transmit status
vector to determine the cause. The transmit status
vector is organized as shown in Tabl e 19 - 4. Multi-byte
fields are written in little-endian format.
FIGURE 19-10: SAMPLE TRANSMIT PACKET LAYOUT
Control
tsv[7:0]
tsv[15:8]
Address Memory Description
0120h
0121h
0122h
015Ah
015Bh
015Ch
015Dh
0Eh PHUGEEN, PPADN,
Destination Address,
015Eh
Start of the Next Packet
tsv[23:16]
tsv[31:24]
data[1]
data[2]
tsv[39:32]
tsv[47:40]
tsv[55:48]
0159h
0157h
0158h
0156h data[m]
Data Packet
Status Vector Status Vector
ETXST = 0120h
ETXND = 0156h
Type/Length and Data
PCRCEN and POVERRIDE
Written by the Hardware
Source Address,
Buffer Pointers
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TABLE 19-4: TRANSMIT STATUS VECTORS
Bit Field Description
55-52 Zero 0
51 Transmit VLAN Tagged Frame Frame’s length/type field contained 8100h which is the VLAN protocol
identifier.
50 Backpressure Applied Reserved, do not use.
49 Transmit Pause Control Frame The frame transmitted was a control frame with a valid pause opcode.
48 Transmit Control Frame The frame transmitted was a control frame.
47-32 Total Bytes Transmitted on Wire Total bytes transmitted on the wire for the current packet, including all
bytes from collided attempts.
31 Transmit Underrun The transmission was aborted due to insufficient buffer memory
bandwidth to sustain the 10 Mbit/s transmit rate.
30 Transmit Giant Byte count for frame was greater than the MAMXFL registers.
29 Transmit Late Collision Collision occurred after 64 bytes had already been transmitted.
28 Transmit Excessive Collision Packet was aborted after the number of collisions exceeded 15, the
retransmission maximum.
27 Transmit Excessive Defer Packet was deferred in excess of 24,287 bit times (2.4287 ms), due to a
continuously occupied medium.
26 Transmit Packet Defer Packet was deferred for at least one attempt, but less than an
excessive defer.
25 Transmit Broadcast Packet’s destination address was a Broadcast address.
24 Transmit Multicast Packet’s destination address was a Multicast address.
23 Transmit Done Transmission of the packet was completed successfully.
22 Transmit Length Out of Range Indicates that frame type/length field was larger than 1500 bytes
(type field).
21 Transmit Length Check Error Indicates that the frame length field value in the packet does not match
the actual data byte length and is not a type field. The FRMLNEN bit
(MACON3<1>) must be set to get this error.
20 Transmit CRC Error The attached CRC in the packet did not match the internally generated
CRC.
19-16 Transmit Collision Count Number of collisions the current packet incurred during transmission
attempts. It applies to successfully transmitted packets, and as such,
will not show the possible maximum count of 16 collisions.
15-0 Transmit Byte Count Total bytes in frame, not counting collided bytes.
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19.5.3 RECEIVING PACKETS
Assuming that the receive buffer has been initialized,
the MAC has been properly configured and the receive
filters have been configured, the application should
perform these steps to receive Ethernet packets:
1. Set the PKTIE and ETHIE bits to generate an
Ethernet interrupt whenever a packet is received
(if desired).
2. Clear the RXERIF flag and set both RXERIE
and ETHIE to generate an interrupt whenever a
packet is dropped, due to insufficient buffer
space or memory access bandwidth (if desired).
3. Enable reception by setting the RXEN bit
(ECON1<2>).
After setting RXEN, the Duplex mode and the Receive
Buffer Start and End Pointers should not be modified.
Additionally, to prevent unexpected packets from arriv-
ing, it is recommended that RXEN be cleared before
altering the receive filter configuration (ERXFCON) and
MAC address.
After reception is enabled, packets which are not
filtered out will be written into the circular receive buffer.
Any packet which does not meet the necessary filter
criteria will be discarded and the application will not
have any means of identifying that a packet was thrown
away. When a packet is accepted and completely
written into the buffer:
• The EPKTCNT register is incremented
• The PKTIF bit is set
• An interrupt is generated (if enabled)
• The Hardware Write Pointers, ERXWRPT, are
automatically advanced
19.5.3.1 Receive Packet Layout
Figure 19-11 shows the layout of a received packet.
The packets are preceded by a 6-byte header which
contains a Next Packet Pointer in addition to a receive
status vector which contains receive statistics,
including the packet’s size. The receive status vectors
are shown in Tab l e 19-5 .
If the last byte in the packet ends on an odd value
address, the hardware will automatically add a padding
byte when advancing the Hardware Write Pointer. As
such, all packets will start on an even boundary.
FIGURE 19-11: SAMPLE RECEIVE PACKET LAYOUT
Low Byte
High Byte
rsv[7:0]
rsv[15:8]
data[m-3]
data[m-2]
data[m-1]
data[m]
Address Memory Description
1020h
1021h
1022h
1023h
105Ah
105Bh
105Ch
1059h
10h
5Eh Next Packet Pointer
Packet Data: Destination Address,
Receive Status Vector
crc[31:24]
crc[23:16]
crc[15:8]
crc[7:0]
105Eh
Start of the Next Packet
rsv[23:16]
rsv[30:24]
1024h
1025h
data[1]
1026h
data[2]
1027h
status[7:0]
status[15:8]
status[23:16]
status[31:24]
105Dh Byte Skipped to Ensure
Even Buffer Address
101Fh
End of the Previous PacketPacket N – 1
Source Address, Type/Length, Data,
Padding, CRC
Packet N
Packet N + 1
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TABLE 19-5: RECEIVE STATUS VECTORS
19.5.3.2 Reading Received Packets
To process the packet, an application will normally start
reading from the beginning of the Next Packet Pointer.
The application will save the Next Packet Pointer, any
necessary bytes from the receive status vector, and
then proceed to read the actual packet contents. If the
AUTOINC bit is set, it will be able to sequentially read
the entire packet without ever modifying the ERDPT
registers. The Read Pointer would automatically wrap
at the end of the circular receive buffer to the beginning.
In the event that the application needed to randomly
access the packet, it would be necessary to manually
calculate the proper ERDPT registers, taking care to
not exceed the end of the receive buffer if the packet
spans the ERXND to ERXST buffer boundary. In other
words, given the packet start address and a desired
offset, the application should follow the logic shown in
Equation 19-1.
EQUATION 19-1: RANDOM ACCESS ADDRESS CALCULATION
Bit Field Description
31 Zero ‘0’
30 Receive VLAN Type Detected Current frame was recognized as a VLAN tagged frame.
29 Receive Unknown Opcode Current frame was recognized as a control frame, but it contained an
unknown opcode.
28 Receive Pause Control Frame Current frame was recognized as a control frame containing a valid pause
frame opcode and a valid destination address.
27 Receive Control Frame Current frame was recognized as a control frame for having a valid
type/length designating it as a control frame.
26 Dribble Nibble Indicates that after the end of this packet, an additional 1 to 7 bits were
received. The extra bits were thrown away.
25 Receive Broadcast Packet Indicates packet received had a valid Broadcast address.
24 Receive Multicast Packet Indicates packet received had a valid Multicast address.
23 Received OK Indicates that the packet had a valid CRC and no symbol errors.
22 Length Out of Range Indicates that frame type/length field was larger than 1500 bytes
(type field).
21 Length Check Error Indicates that frame length field value in the packet does not match the
actual data byte length.
20 CRC Error Indicates that the frame CRC field value does not match the CRC
calculated by the MAC.
19 Reserved
18 Carrier Event Previously Seen Indicates that at some time since the last receive, a carrier event was
detected. The carrier event is not associated with this packet. A carrier
event is activity on the receive channel that does not result in a packet
receive attempt being made.
17 Reserved
16 Long Event/Drop Event Indicates a packet over 50,000 bit times occurred or that a packet was
dropped since the last receive.
15-0 Received Byte Count Indicates length of the received frame. This includes the destination
address, source address, type/length, data, padding and CRC fields. This
field is stored in little-endian format.
If Packet Start Address + Offset > ERXND, then
ERDPT = Packet Start Address + Offset – (ERXND – ERXST + 1)
else: ERDPT = Packet Start Address + Offset
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19.5.3.3 Freeing Receive Buffer Space
After the user application has processed a packet (or
part of the packet) and needs to free the occupied buf-
fer space used by the processed data, it must advance
the Receive Buffer Read Pointer pair, ERXRDPT. The
module always writes up to, but not over, the memory
pointed to by the ERXRDPT registers. If an attempt to
overwrite the Receive Buffer Read Pointer location
occurs, the packet in progress is aborted, the RXERIF
flag is set and an interrupt is generated (if enabled). In
this manner, the hardware will never overwrite
unprocessed packets. Normally, the ERXRDPT pair is
advanced close to a value pointed to by the Next
Packet Pointer, which precedes the receive status
vector for the current packet.
The Receive Buffer Read Pointer Low Byte
(ERXRDPTL register) is internally buffered to prevent
the pointer from moving when only one byte is updated.
To move the ERXRDPT pair, the application must write
to ERXRDPTL first. The write will update the internal
buffer but will not affect the register. When the applica-
tion writes to ERXRDPTH, the internally buffered low
byte will be loaded into the ERXRDPTL register at the
same time. The ERXRDPT bytes can be read in any
order. When they are read, the actual value of the
registers will be returned. As a result, the buffered low
byte is not readable.
In addition to advancing the Receive Buffer Read
Pointer, after each packet is fully processed, the appli-
cation must set the PKTDEC bit (ECON2<6>). This
causes the EPKTCNT register to decrement by 1. After
decrementing, if EPKTCNT is ‘0’, the PKTIF flag bit is
automatically cleared. Otherwise, it remains set, indi-
cating that additional packets are in the receive buffer
and are waiting to be processed. Attempting to decre-
ment EPKTCNT below 0 does not cause an underflow
to 255, but may cause an unintentional interrupt. The
application should avoid decrementing EPKTCNT in
this situation.
Additionally, if the EPKTCNT register ever maximizes
at 255, all new packets which are received will be
aborted, even if buffer space is available. To indicate
the error, the RXERIF is set and an interrupt is
generated (if enabled). To prevent this condition, the
user application must properly decrement the counter
whenever a packet is processed.
Because only one pointer is available to control buffer
area ownership, the application must process packets in
the order they are received. If a packet is to be saved
and processed later, the application should copy the
packet to an unused location in memory. This can be
done efficiently using the integrated DMA controller (see
Section 19.9 “Direct Memory Access Controller”).
19.5.3.4 Receive Buffer Free Space
At any time the application needs to know how much
receive buffer space is remaining, it should read the
Hardware Write Pointers (ERXWRPT registers) and
compare it with the ERXRDPT registers. Combined
with the known size of the receive buffer, the free space
can be derived.
When reading the ERXWRPT registers with the receive
hardware enabled, special care must be taken to ensure
the low and high bytes are read as a matching set.
To be assured that a matching set is obtained:
1. Read the EPKTCNT register and save its
contents.
2. Read ERXWRPTL and ERXWRPTH.
3. Read the EPKTCNT register again.
4. Compare the two packet counts. If they are not
the same, go back to Step 2.
With the Hardware Write Pointers obtained, the free
space can be calculated as shown in Equation 19-2.
The hardware prohibits moving the Write Pointer to the
same value occupied by the ERXRDPT registers, so at
least one byte will always go unused in the buffer. The
Equation 19-2 calculation reflects the lost byte.
EQUATION 19-2: RECEIVE BUFFER FREE SPACE CALCULATION
Note: The ERXWRPT registers only update
when a packet has been successfully
received. If the application reads it just
before another packet is to be success-
fully completed, the value returned could
be stale and off by the maximum frame
length permitted (MAMXFLH:MAMXFLL)
plus 8. Furthermore, as the application
reads one byte of the ERXWRPT regis-
ters, a new packet may arrive and update
the 13-bit pointer before the application
has an opportunity to read the other byte
of the ERXWRPT registers.
If ERXWRPT > ERXRDPT, then
Free Space = (ERXND – ERXST) – (ERXWRPT – ERXRDPT)
else:
if ERXWRPT = ERXRDPT, then
Free Space = (ERXND – ERXST )
else: Free Space = ERXRDPT – ERXWRPT – 1
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TABLE 19-6: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PACKET TRANSMISSION
TABLE 19-7: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PACKET RECEPTION
Register
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values on
Page:
EIE —PKTIE DMAIE LINKIE TXIE —TXERIERXERIE 73
EIR —PKTIF DMAIF LINKIF TXIF —TXERIFRXERIF 73
ESTAT —BUFER— r — RXBUSY TXABRT PHYRDY 73
ECON1 TXRST RXRST DMAST CSUMEN TXRTS RXEN — — 70
ETXSTL Transmit Start Register Low Byte (ETXST<7:0>) 74
ETXSTH — — — Transmit Start Register High Byte (ETXST<12:8>) 74
ETXNDL Transmit End Register Low Byte (ETXND<7:0>) 74
ETXNDH — — — Transmit End Register High Byte (ETXND<12:8>) 74
MACON1 — — — rTXPAUSRXPAUS PASSALL MARXEN 75
MACON3 PADCFG2 PADCFG1 PADCFG0 TXCRCEN PHDREN HFRMEN FRMLNEN FULDPX 75
MACON4 — DEFER r r — — r r 75
MABBIPG — BBIPG6 BBIPG5 BBIPG4 BBIPG3 BBIPG2 BBIPG1 BBIPG0 75
MAIPGL — MAC Non Back-to-Back Inter-Packet Gap Register Low Byte (MAIPGL<6:0>) 75
MAIPGH — MAC Non Back-to-Back Inter-Packet Gap Register High Byte (MAIPGH<6:0>) 75
MAMXFLL Maximum Frame Length Register Low Byte (MAMXFL<7:0>) 74
MAMXFLH Maximum Frame Length Register High Byte (MAMXFL<15:8>) 74
Legend: — = unimplemented, r = reserved bit. Shaded cells are not used.
Register
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values on
Page:
EIE — PKTIE DMAIE LINKIE TXIE —TXERIE RXERIE 73
EIR — PKTIF DMAIF LINKIF TXIF —TXERIF RXERIF 73
ESTAT —BUFER— r —RXBUSYTXABRT PHYRDY 73
ECON2 AUTOINC PKTDEC ETHEN — — — — — 73
ECON1 TXRST RXRST DMAST CSUMEN TXRTS RXEN — — 70
ERXSTL Receive Start Register Low Byte (ERXST<7:0>) 74
ERXSTH ——— Receive Start Register High Byte (ERXST<12:8>) 74
ERXNDL Receive End Register Low Byte (ERXND<7:0>) 74
ERXNDH ——— Receive End Register High Byte (ERXND<12:8>) 74
ERXRDPTL Receive Buffer Read Pointer Low Byte (ERXRDPT<7:0>) 73
ERXRDPTH ——— Receive Buffer Read Pointer High Byte (ERXRDPT<12:8>) 73
ERXFCON UCEN ANDOR CRCEN PMEN MPEN HTEN MCEN BCEN 74
EPKTCNT Ethernet Packet Count Register 74
MACON1 — — — r TXPAUS RXPAUS PASSALL MARXEN 75
MACON3 PADCFG2 PADCFG1 PADCFG0 TXCRCEN PHDREN HFRMEN FRMLNEN FULDPX 75
MAMXFLL Maximum Frame Length Register Low Byte (MAMXFL<7:0>) 74
MAMXFLH Maximum Frame Length Register High Byte (MAMXFL<15:8>) 74
Legend: — = unimplemented, r = reserved bit. Shaded cells are not used.
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19.6 Duplex Mode Configuration and
Negotiation
The Ethernet module does not support Automatic
Duplex mode negotiation. If it is connected to an auto-
matic duplex negotiation-enabled network switch or
Ethernet controller, the module will be detected as a
half-duplex device. To communicate in full duplex, the
module and the remote node (switch, router or Ethernet
controller) must be manually configured for full-duplex
operation.
19.6.1 HALF-DUPLEX OPERATION
The Ethernet module operates in Half-Duplex mode
when the FULDPX (MACON3<0>) and PDPXMD
(PHCON1<8>) bits are cleared (= 0). If only one of
these two bits is set, the module will be in an indetermi-
nate state and not function correctly. Since switching
between Full and Half-Duplex modes may result in this
indeterminate state, it is recommended that the appli-
cation not transmit any packets (maintain the TXRTS
bit clear), and disable packet reception (maintain the
RXEN bit clear) during this period.
In Half-Duplex mode, only one Ethernet controller may
be transmitting on the physical medium at any time. If
the application requests a packet to be transmitted by
setting the TXRTS bit while another Ethernet controller
is already transmitting, the Ethernet module will delay,
waiting for the remote transmitter to stop. When it
stops, the module will attempt to transmit its packet.
Should another Ethernet controller start transmitting at
approximately the same time, the data on the wire will
become corrupt and a collision will occur.
The hardware will handle this condition in one of two
ways. If the collision occurs before 64 bytes have been
transmitted, the following events occur:
1. The TXRTS bit remains set
2. The transmit error interrupt does not occur
3. A random exponential backoff delay elapses, as
defined by the IEEE 802.3 specification
4. A new attempt to transmit the packet from the
beginning occurs. The application does not
need to intervene.
If the number of retransmission attempts reaches 15 and
another collision occurs, the packet is aborted and the
TXRTS bit is cleared. The application will then be
responsible for taking appropriate action. The applica-
tion will be able to determine that the packet was aborted
instead of being successfully transmitted by reading the
TXABRT flag. For more information, see Section 19.5.2
“Transmitting Packets”.
If the collision occurs after 64 bytes have already been
transmitted, the packet is immediately aborted without
any retransmission attempts. Ordinarily, in IEEE 802.3
compliant networks which are properly configured, this
late collision will not occur. User intervention may be
required to correct the issue. This problem may occur
as a result of a full-duplex node attempting to transmit
on the half-duplex medium. Alternately, the module
may be attempting to operate in Half-Duplex mode
while it may be connected to a full-duplex network.
Excessively long cabling and network size may also be
a possible cause of late collisions.
19.6.2 FULL-DUPLEX OPERATION
The Ethernet module operates in Full-Duplex mode
when the FULDPX (MACON3<0>) and PDPXMD
(PHCON1<8>) bits are both set (= 1). If only one of
these two bits is clear, the module will be in an indeter-
minate state and not function correctly. Again, since
switching between Full and Half-Duplex modes may
result in this indeterminate state, it is recommended
that the application not transmit any packets and
should disable packet reception during this period.
In Full-Duplex mode, packets will be transmitted while
simultaneously packets may be received. Given this, it
is impossible to cause any collisions when transmitting
packets.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 257
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19.7 Flow Control
The Ethernet module implements hardware flow con-
trol for both Full and Half-Duplex modes. The operation
of this feature differs depending on which mode is
being used.
19.7.1 HALF-DUPLEX MODE
In Half-Duplex mode, setting the FCEN0 bit
(EFLOCON<0>) causes flow control to be enabled.
When FCEN0 is set, a continuous preamble pattern of
alternating ‘1’s and ‘0’s (55h) will automatically be
transmitted on the Ethernet medium. Any connected
nodes will see the transmission and either not transmit
anything, waiting for the transmission to end, or will
attempt to transmit and immediately cause a collision.
Because a collision will always occur, no nodes on the
network will be able to communicate with each other
and no new packets will arrive.
When the application causes the module to transmit a
packet by setting the TXRTS bit, the preamble pattern
will stop being transmitted. An inter-packet delay will
pass as configured by register, MABBIPG, and then the
module will attempt to transmit its packet. After the
inter-packet delay, other nodes may begin to transmit.
Because all traffic was jammed previously, several
nodes may begin transmitting and a series of collisions
may occur. When the module successfully finishes
transmitting its packet or aborts it, the transmission of
the preamble pattern will automatically restart. When
the application wishes to no longer jam the network, it
should clear the FCEN0 bit. The preamble transmis-
sion will cease and normal network operation will
resume.
Given the detrimental network effects that are possible
and lack of effectiveness, it is not recommended that
half-duplex flow control be used unless the application
will be in a closed network environment with proper
testing.
19.7.2 FULL-DUPLEX MODE
In Full-Duplex mode (MACON3<0> = 1), hardware flow
control is implemented by means of transmitting pause
control frames, as defined by the IEEE 802.3 specifica-
tion. Pause control frames are 64-byte frames consisting
of the reserved Multicast destination address of
01-80-C2-00-00-01, the source address of the sender, a
special pause opcode, a 2-byte pause timer value and
padding/CRC.
Normally, when a pause control frame is received by a
MAC, the MAC will finish the packet it is transmitting
and then stop transmitting any new frames. The pause
timer value will be extracted from the control frame and
used to initialize an internal timer. The timer will auto-
matically decrement every 512 bit times, or 51.2 s.
While the timer is counting down, reception of packets
is still enabled. If new pause frames arrive, the timer will
be re-initialized with the new pause timer value. When
the timer reaches zero, or was sent a frame with a zero
pause timer value, the MAC that received the pause
frame will resume transmitting any pending packets. To
prevent a pause frame from stopping all traffic on the
entire network, Ethernet switches and routers do not
propagate pause control frames in Full-Duplex mode.
The pause operation only applies to the direct recipient.
A sample network is shown in Figure 19-12. If
Computer A were to be transmitting too much data to
the microcontroller-based application in Full-Duplex
mode, the Ethernet module could transmit a pause
control frame to stop the data which is being sent to it.
The Ethernet switch would take the pause frame and
stop sending data to the application. If Computer A
continues to send data, the Ethernet switch will buffer
the data so it can be transmitted later when its pause
timer expires. If the Ethernet switch begins to run out of
buffer space, it will likely transmit a pause control frame
of its own to Computer A.
If, for some reason the Ethernet switch does not gener-
ate a pause control frame of its own, or one of the
nodes does not properly handle the pause frame it
receives, then packets will inevitably be dropped. In
any event, any communication between Computer A
and Computer B will always be completely unaffected.
FIGURE 19-12: SAMPLE FULL-DUPLEX
NETWORK
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To enable flow control in Full-Duplex mode, set the
TXPAUS and RXPAUS bits in the MACON1 register.
Then, at any time that the receiver buffer is running out
of space, set the Flow Control Enable bits, FCEN<1:0>
(EFLOCON<1:0>). The module will automatically finish
transmitting anything that was in progress and then
send a valid pause frame, loaded with the selected
pause timer value. Depending on the mode selected,
the application may need to eventually clear Flow
Control mode by again writing to the FCEN bits.
When the RXPAUS bit is set and a valid pause frame
arrives with a non-zero pause timer value, the module
will automatically inhibit transmissions. If the TXRTS bit
becomes set to send a packet, the hardware will simply
wait until the pause timer expires before attempting to
send the packet and subsequently, clearing the TXRTS
bit. Normally, this is transparent to the microcontroller,
and it will never know that a pause frame had been
received. Should it be desirable to know when the MAC
is paused or not, the user should set the PASSALL bit
(MACON1<1>), then manually interpret the pause
control frames which may arrive.
TABLE 19-8: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS USED WITH FLOW CONTROL
REGISTER 19-19: EFLOCON: ETHERNET FLOW CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
— — — — — r FCEN1 FCEN0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend: r = Reserved bit
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 2 Reserved: Do not use
bit 1-0 FCEN<1:0>: Flow Control Enable bits
When FULDPX (MACON3<0>) = 1:
11 = Send one pause frame with a ‘0’ timer value and then turn flow control off
10 = Send pause frames periodically
01 = Send one pause frame then turn flow control off
00 = Flow control off
When FULDPX (MACON3<0>) = 0:
x1 = Flow control on
x0 = Flow control off
Register
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values on
Page:
ECON1 TXRST RXRST DMAST CSUMEN TXRTS RXEN — — 70
MACON1 — — — r TXPAUS RXPAUS PASSALL MARXEN 75
MABBIPG — BBIPG6 BBIPG5 BBIPG4 BBIPG3 BBIPG2 BBIPG1 BBIPG0 75
EFLOCON — — — — — r FCEN1 FCEN0 75
EPAUSL Pause Timer Value Register Low Byte (EPAUS<7:0>) 75
EPAUSH Pause Timer Value Register High Byte (EPAUS<15:8>) 75
Legend: — = unimplemented, r = reserved bit. Shaded cells are not used.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 259
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19.8 Receive Filters
To minimize microcontroller processing overhead, the
Ethernet module incorporates a range of different
receive filters which can automatically reject packets
which are not needed. Six different types of packet
filters are implemented:
• Unicast
• Multicast
• Broadcast
• Pattern Match
•Magic Packet™
• Hash Table
The individual filters are all configured by the ERXFCON
register (Register 19-20). More than one filter can be
active at any given time. Additionally, the filters can be
configured by the ANDOR bit to either logically AND or
logically OR the tests of several filters. In other words,
the filters may be set so that only packets accepted by
all active filters are accepted, or a packet accepted by
any one filter is accepted. The flowcharts in Figure 19-13
and Figure 19-14 show the effect that each of the filters
will have, depending on the setting of ANDOR.
The device can enter Promiscuous mode and receive
all legal packets by setting the ERXFCON register to
20h (enabling only the CRC filter for valid packets). The
proper setting of the register will depend on the
application requirements.
19.8.1 UNICAST FILTER
The Unicast receive filter checks the destination
address of all incoming packets. If the destination
address exactly matches the contents of the MAADR
registers, the packet meets the Unicast filter criteria.
19.8.2 MULTICAST FILTER
The Multicast receive filter checks the destination
address of all incoming packets. If the Least Significant
bit of the first byte of the destination address is set, the
packet meets the Multicast filter criteria.
19.8.3 BROADCAST FILTER
The Broadcast receive filter checks the destination
address of all incoming packets. If the destination
address is FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF, the packet meets the
Broadcast filter criteria.
19.8.4 HASH TABLE FILTER
The Hash Table receive filter is typically used to receive
traffic sent to a specific Multicast group address.
Because it checks the specific destination address of
packets, it is capable of filtering out more unwanted
packets than the Multicast filter.
The filter performs a 32-bit CRC over the six destination
address bytes in the packet, using the polynomial,
4C11DB7h. From the resulting 32-bit binary number, a
6-bit value is derived from bits<28:23>. This value, in
turn, points to a location in a table formed by the Ether-
net Hash Table registers, ETH0 through ETH7. If the bit
in that location is set, the packet meets the Hash Table
filter criteria and is accepted. The specific pointer values
for each bit location in the table are shown in Table 19-9.
An example of the Hash Table operation is shown in
Example 19-1. In this case, the destination address,
01-00-00-00-01-2C, produces a Table Pointer value of
34h, which points to bit 4 of ETH6. If this bit is ‘1’, the
packet will be accepted.
By extension, clearing every bit in the Hash Table
registers means that the filter criteria will never be met.
Similarly, if every bit in the Hash Table is set, the filter
criteria will always be met.
TABLE 19-9: BIT ASSIGNMENTS IN HASH
TABLE REGISTERS
EXAMPLE 19-1: DERIVING A HASH TABLE
LOCATION
Register Bit Number in Hash Table
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EHT0 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
EHT1 0F 0E 0D 0C 0B 0A 09 08
EHT2 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
EHT3 1F 1E 1D 1C 1B 1A 19 18
EHT4 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
EHT5 2F 2E 2D 2C 2B 2A 29 28
EHT6 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30
EHT7 3F 3E 3D 3C 3B 3A 39 38
Packet D es tin ati on Address :
01-00-00-00-01-2C (hex)
Result of CRC- 32 with 4C11DB7h:
1101 1010 0000 1 011 0100 0101 0111 0101
(binary)
Pointer De rived from b its<28:23> of CRC Re su lt:
110100 (binary) or 34 (hex)
Correspon din g Ha sh Table Location :
ETH6<4>
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REGISTER 19-20: ERXFCON: ETHERNET RECEIVE FILTER CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1
UCEN ANDOR CRCEN PMEN MPEN HTEN MCEN BCEN
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 UCEN: Unicast Filter Enable bit
When ANDOR = 1:
1 = Packets not having a destination address matching the local MAC address will be discarded
0 = Filter is disabled
When ANDOR = 0:
1 = Packets with a destination address matching the local MAC address will be accepted
0 = Filter is disabled
bit 6 ANDOR: AND/OR Filter Select bit
1 = AND: Packets will be rejected unless all enabled filters accept the packet
0 = OR: Packets will be accepted unless all enabled filters reject the packet
bit 5 CRCEN: Post-Filter CRC Check Enable bit
1 = All packets with an invalid CRC will be discarded
0 = The CRC validity will be ignored
bit 4 PMEN: Pattern Match Filter Enable bit
When ANDOR = 1:
1 = Packets must meet the Pattern Match criteria or they will be discarded
0 = Filter is disabled
When ANDOR = 0:
1 = Packets which meet the Pattern Match criteria will be accepted
0 = Filter is disabled
bit 3 MPEN: Magic Packet Filter Enable bit
When ANDOR = 1:
1 = Packets must be Magic Packets for the local MAC address or they will be discarded
0 = Filter is disabled
When ANDOR = 0:
1 = Magic Packets for the local MAC address will be accepted
0 = Filter is disabled
bit 2 HTEN: Hash Table Filter Enable bit
When ANDOR = 1:
1 = Packets must meet the Hash Table criteria or they will be discarded
0 = Filter is disabled
When ANDOR = 0:
1 = Packets which meet the Hash Table criteria will be accepted
0 = Filter is disabled
bit 1 MCEN: Multicast Filter Enable bit
When ANDOR = 1:
1 = The LSb of the first byte of the packet’s destination address must be set or it will be discarded
0 = Filter is disabled
When ANDOR = 0:
1 = Packets which have the LSb of the first byte in the destination address set will be accepted
0 = Filter is disabled
bit 0 BCEN: Broadcast Filter Enable bit
When ANDOR = 1:
1 = Packets must have a destination address of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF or they will be discarded
0 = Filter is disabled
When ANDOR = 0:
1 = Packets which have a destination address of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF will be accepted
0 = Filter is disabled
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 261
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FIGURE 19-13: RECEIVE FILTERING USING OR LOGIC
Packet Detected on Wire,
ANDOR = 0 (OR)
UCEN set?
PMEN set?
MPEN set?
HTEN set?
MCEN set?
BCEN set?
No
No
No
No
No
Unicast
Pattern
Magic Packet™
Hash table
Multicast
Broadcast
destination?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
packet?
matches?
for us?
bit set?
destination?
No
UCEN, PMEN,
No
MPEN, HTEN,
No
Yes
MCEN and BCEN
all clear?
CRCEN set? No
Accept Packet
Reject Packet
No
Yes
Yes
CRCEN valid?
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FIGURE 19-14: RECEIVE FILTERING USING AND LOGIC
CRCEN set?
Packet Detected on Wire,
ANDOR = 1 (AND)
CRC valid?
Yes
Yes
Accept Packet Reject Packet
UCEN set?
PMEN set?
MPEN set?
HTEN set?
MCEN set?
BCEN set?
No
Unicast
Pattern
Magic Packet™
Hash Table
Multicast
Broadcast
destination?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No Yes
No
No
Yes
No Yes
No Yes
No Yes
No Yes
destination?
bit set?
for us?
Matches?
packet?
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 263
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19.8.5 PATTERN MATCH FILTER
The Pattern Match filter selects up to 64 bytes from the
incoming packet and calculates an IP checksum of the
bytes. The checksum is then compared to the EPMCS
registers. The packet meets the Pattern Match filter cri-
teria if the calculated checksum matches the EPMCS
registers. The Pattern Match filter may be useful for
filtering packets which have expected data inside them.
To use the Pattern Match filter, the application must
program the Pattern Match offset (EPMOH:EPMOL),
all of the Pattern Match mask bytes (EPMM0:EPMM7)
and the Pattern Match Checksum register pair
(EPMCSH:EPMCSL). The Pattern Match offset should
be loaded with the offset from the beginning of the des-
tination address field to the 64-byte window which will
be used for the checksum computation. Within the
64-byte window, each individual byte can be selectively
included or excluded from the checksum computation
by setting or clearing the respective bit in the Pattern
Match mask. If a packet is received which would cause
the 64-byte window to extend past the end of the CRC,
the filter criteria will immediately not be met, even if the
corresponding mask bits are all ‘0’.
The Pattern Match Checksum registers should be
programmed to the checksum which is expected for the
selected bytes. The checksum is calculated in the
same manner that the DMA module calculates
checksums (see Section 19.9.2 “Ch ecksum Ca lcula-
tions”). Data bytes which have corresponding mask
bits programmed to ‘0’ are completely removed for
purposes of calculating the checksum, as opposed to
treating the data bytes as zero.
As an example, if the application wished to filter all
packets having a particular source MAC address of
00-04-A3-FF-FF-FF, it could program the Pattern
Match offset to 0000h and then set bits 6 and 7 of
EPMM0 and bits 0, 1, 2 and 3 of EPMM1 (assuming all
other mask bits are ‘0’). The proper checksum to pro-
gram into the EPMCS registers would be 5BFCh. As an
alternative configuration, it could program the offset to
0006h and set bits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of EPMM0. The
checksum would still be 5BFCh. However, the second
case would be less desirable as packets less than
70 bytes long could never meet the Pattern Match cri-
teria, even if they would generate the proper checksum
given the mask configuration.
Another example of a Pattern Match filter is illustrated
in Figure 19-15.
FIGURE 19-15: SAMPLE PATTERN MATCH FORMAT
Note: In all cases, the value of the Pattern Match
offset must be even for proper operation.
Programming the EMPO register pair with
an odd value will cause unpredictable
results.
SA
EMPOH:EPMOL = 0006h
FCSDA Type/Length Data
Bytes Used for
Checksum Computation
EPMM7:EPMM0 = 0000000000001F0Ah
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 AA BB CC 00 5A 09 0A 0B 0C 0D . . . 40 . . . FE 45 23 01
Received
Data
Field
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 . . . 70 . . .Byte #
64-Byte Window Used
for Pattern Match
Input Configuration:
Values Used for Checksum Computation = {88h, AAh, 09h, 0Ah, 0Bh, 0Ch, 0Dh, 00h}
EPMCSH:EPMCSL = 563Fh
Note: Received data is shown in hexadecimal. Byte numbers are shown in decimal format.
(00h padding byte added by hardware)
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19.8.6 MAGIC PACKET FILTER
The Magic Packet pattern consists of a sync pattern of
6 FFh bytes, followed by 16 repeats of the destination
address (Figure 19-16). The Magic Packet filter checks
the destination address and data fields of all incoming
packets. If the destination address matches the
MAADR registers and the data field holds a valid Magic
Packet pattern someplace within it, then the packet will
meet the Magic Packet filter criteria.
FIGURE 19-16 : SAMPLE MAGIC PACKET™ FORMAT
SA
FCS
DA
Type/Length
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 FE
09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E
Received
Data Field
77 88 99 AA BB CC
EF 54 32 10
FF FF FF FF FF 00
FF FF FF FF FF FF
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
00 11 22 33 44 55
19 1A 1B 1C 1D
1E
Magic
Sync Pattern
16 Repeats of the
Destination MAC Address
Comments
Destination MAC Address
Source MAC Address
Header
Footer
Packet
Pattern
Optional Application Data
or Protocol Header
Optional Application Data or Protocol Footer
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19.9 Direct Memory Access Controller
The Ethernet module incorporates a dual purpose DMA
controller, which can be used to copy data between loca-
tions within the 8-Kbyte memory buffer. It can also be
used to calculate a 16-bit checksum which is compatible
with various industry standard communication protocols,
including TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, etc.
The DMA is controlled using three pointers and several
status/control bits:
• EDMASTH:EDMASTL: Source Start Address
• EDMANDH:EDMANDL: Source End Address
• EDMADSTH:EDMADSTL: Destination Start
Address
• DMAST and CSUMEN (ECON1<5,4>): DMA
Start/Busy and Checksum Enable bits
• DMAIE and DMAIF (EIE<5> and EIR<5>): DMA
Interrupt Enable and Flag bits
The Source and End Pointers define what data will be
copied or checksumed. The Destination Pointer, used
only when copying data, defines where copied data will
be placed. All three pointers are with respect to the
8-Kbyte Ethernet memory and cannot be used to
access memory in the PIC® microcontroller data
memory space.
When a DMA operation begins, the EDMAST register
pair is copied into an Internal Source Pointer. The DMA
will execute on one byte at a time and then increment the
Internal Source Pointer. However, if a byte is processed
and the Internal Source Pointer is equal to the Receive
Buffer End Pointer pair, ERXND, the Source Pointer will
not be incremented. Instead, the Internal Source Pointer
will be loaded with the Receive Buffer Start Pointer pair,
ERXST. In this way, the DMA will follow the circular FIFO
structure of the receive buffer and received packets can
be processed using one operation. The DMA operation
will end when the Internal Source Pointer matches the
EDMAND Pointers.
While any DMA operation is in progress, the DMA Point-
ers and the CSUMEN bit (ECON1<4>) should not be
modified. The DMA operation can be canceled at any
time by clearing the DMAST bit (ECON1<5>). No regis-
ters will change; however, some memory bytes may
already have been copied if a DMA copy was in progress.
Some operational requirements must always be kept in
mind when using the DMA. Failure to observe these
requirements may result in a loss of Ethernet buffer
data, or even complete failure of Ethernet operation:
• If the EDMAND Pointers cannot be reached
because of the receive buffer wrapping behavior,
the DMA operation will never end.
• By design, the DMA module cannot be used to
copy or calculate a checksum over only one byte
(EDMAST = EDMAND). An attempt to do so may
overwrite all memory in the buffer and never end.
• After termination of a DMA operation (DMAST is
cleared by hardware or firmware), the application
must not set DMAST again within 4 instruction
cycles.
• To ensure reliable operation, avoid having the
application access EDATA during a DMA copy
operation. EDATA may be safely accessed during
DMA checksum operations.
19.9.1 COPYING MEMORY
To copy memory within the buffer:
1. Program the EDMAST, EDMAND and EDMADST
register pairs with the appropriate start, end and
destination addresses. The EDMAST registers
should point to the first byte to copy from, the
EDMAND registers should point to the last byte to
copy and the EDMADST registers should point to
the first byte in the destination range. The destina-
tion range will always be linear, never wrapping at
any values except from 8191 to 0 (the 8-Kbyte
memory boundary). Extreme care should be
taken when calculating the End Pointer to prevent
a never ending DMA operation which would
overwrite the entire 8-Kbyte buffer.
2. If desired, set the DMAIE (EIE<5>) and ETHIE
(PIE2<5>) bits, and clear the DMAIF (EIR<5>)
flag bit to enable an interrupt at the end of the
copy process.
3. Clear the CSUMEN (ECON1<4>) bit.
4. Start the DMA copy by setting the DMAST
(ECON1<5>) bit.
If a transmit operation is in progress (TXRTS bit is set)
while the DMAST bit is set, the module will wait until the
transmit operation is complete before attempting to do
the DMA copy. This possible delay is required because
the DMA and transmission engine are unable to access
the buffer at the same time.
When the copy is complete, the DMA hardware will
clear the DMAST bit, set the DMAIF bit and generate
an interrupt (if enabled). The pointers and the
EDMACS registers will not be modified.
After the DMA module has been initialized and has
begun its copy, one instruction cycle (T
CY) will be
required for each byte copied. However, if the Ethernet
receive hardware accumulates one byte of data, the
DMA will stall that cycle, yielding to the higher priority
operation. If a maximum size, 1518-byte packet was
copied while no other memory bandwidth was being
used, the DMA module would require slightly more than
145.7 s to complete at a core frequency of 41.667
MHz. The time required to copy a minimum size packet
of 64 bytes would be approximately 6.2 s (at
41.667 MHz), plus register configuration time.
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19.9.2 CHECKSUM CALCULATIONS
The checksum calculation logic treats the source data
as a series of 16-bit big-endian integers. If the source
range contains an odd number of bytes, a padding byte
of 00h is effectively added to the end of the series for
purposes of calculating the checksum.
The calculated checksum is the 16-bit, one’s
complement of the one’s complement sum of all 16-bit
integers. For example, if the bytes included in the
checksum were {89h, ABh, CDh}, the checksum would
begin by computing: 89ABh + CD00h. A carry out of the
16th bit would occur in the example, so in 16-bit one’s
complement arithmetic, it would be added back to the
first bit. The resulting value of 56ACh would finally be
complemented to achieve a checksum of A953h.
To calculate a checksum:
1. Set the EDMAST and EDMAND register pairs to
point to the first and last bytes of buffer data to
be included in the checksum. Care should be
taken when programming these pointers to
prevent a never-ending checksum calculation
due to receive buffer wrapping.
2. To generate an optional interrupt when the
checksum calculation is done, set the DMAIE
(EIE<5>) and ETHIE (PIE2<5>) bits and clear
the DMAIF (EIR<5>) bit.
3. Start the calculation by setting the CSUMEN
(ECON1<4>) and DMAST (ECON1<5>) bits.
When the checksum is finished being calculated, the
hardware will clear the DMAST bit, set the DMAIF bit
and an interrupt will be generated, if enabled. The DMA
Pointers will not be modified and no memory will be
written to. The EDMACSH and EDMACSL registers will
contain the calculated checksum. The application may
write this value into a packet, compare this value with
zero (to validate a received block of data containing a
checksum field in it), or compare it with some other
checksum, such as a pseudo header checksum used in
various protocols (TCP, UDP, etc.).
When operating the DMA in Checksum mode, it takes
one instruction cycle (TCY) for every byte included in
the checksum. As a result, if a checksum over
1446 bytes was performed, the DMA module would
require slightly more than 138.8 s to complete the
operation at 41.667 MHz.
At the same frequency, a small 20-byte header field
would take approximately 1.9 s plus DMA setup time
to calculate a sum. These estimated times assume that
the Ethernet receive hardware does not need memory
access bandwidth and the CPU does not issue any
reads or writes to the EDATA register while the DMA is
computing.
Like the DMA Copy mode, the checksum operation will
not start until the TXRTS bit (ECON1<3>) is clear. This
may considerably increase the checksum calculation
time if the application transmits a large packet and
immediately attempts to validate a checksum on a
received packet.
TABLE 19-10: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DMA CONTROLLER
Register
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values on
Page
EIE —PKTIE DMAIE LINKIE TXIE —TXERIE RXERIE 73
EIR —PKTIF DMAIF LINKIF TXIF —TXERIF RXERIF 73
ECON1 TXRST RXRST DMAST CSUMEN TXRTS RXEN — — 70
ERXNDL Receive End Register Low Byte (ERXND<7:0>) 73
ERXNDH — — — Receive End Register High Byte (ERXND<12:8>) 73
EDMASTL DMA Start Register Low Byte (EDMAST<7:0>) 73
EDMASTH — — — DMA Start Register High Byte (EDMAST<12:8>) 73
EDMANDL DMA End Register Low Byte (EDMAND<7:0>) 73
EDMANDH — — — DMA End Register High Byte (EDMAND<12:8>) 73
EDMADSTL DMA Destination Register Low Byte (EDMADST<7:0>) 73
EDMADSTH — — — DMA Destination Register High Byte (EDMADST<12:8>) 73
EDMACSL DMA Checksum Register Low Byte (EDMACS<7:0>) 73
EDMACSH DMA Checksum Register High Byte (EDMACS<15:8>) 73
Legend: — = unimplemented. Shaded cells are not used.
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19.10 Module Resets
The Ethernet module provides selective module
Resets:
• Transmit Only Reset
• Receive Only Reset
19.10.1 MICROCONTROLLER RESETS
Following any standard Reset event, the Ethernet
module returns to a known state. The contents of the
Ethernet buffer memory are unknown. All SFR and
PHY registers are loaded with their specified Reset val-
ues, depending on the type of Reset event. However,
the PHY registers must not be accessed until the PHY
start-up timer has expired and the PHYRDY bit
(ESTAT<0>) becomes set, or at least 1 ms has passed
since the ETHEN bit was set. For more details, see
Section 19.1.3.1 “Start-up Timer”.
19.10.2 TRANSMIT ONLY RESET
The Transmit Only Reset is performed by writing a ‘1’
to the TXRST bit (ECON1<7>). This resets the transmit
logic only. Other register and control blocks, such as
buffer management and host interface, are not affected
by a Transmit Only Reset event. To return to normal
operation, the TXRST bit must be cleared in software.
After clearing TXRST, firmware must not write to any
Ethernet module SFRs for at least 1.6 s. After the
delay, normal operation can resume.
19.10.3 RECEIVE ONLY RESET
The Receive Only Reset is performed by writing a ‘1’ to
the RXRST bit (ECON1<6>). This action resets receive
logic only. Other register and control blocks, such as the
buffer management and host interface blocks, are not
affected by a Receive Only Reset event. To return to
normal operation, the RXRST bit is cleared in software.
After clearing RXRST, firmware must not write to any
Ethernet module SFRs for at least 1.6 s. After the
delay, normal operation can resume.
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NOTES:
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20.0 MASTER SYNCHRONOUS
SERIAL PORT (MS SP)
MODULE
20.1 Master SSP (MSSP) Module
Overview
The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module is
a serial interface, useful for communicating with other
peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral
devices may be serial EEPROMs, shift registers,
display drivers, A/D Converters, etc. The MSSP mod-
ule can operate in one of two modes:
• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
• Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C™)
- Full Master mode
- Slave mode (with general address call)
The I2C interface supports the following modes in
hardware:
•Master mode
• Multi-Master mode
• Slave mode
The 64-pin and 80-pin devices of the PIC18F97J60
family have one MSSP module, designated as MSSP1.
The 100-pin devices have two MSSP modules, desig-
nated as MSSP1 and MSSP2. Each module operates
independently of the other.
20.2 Control Registers
Each MSSP module has three associated control
registers. These include a status register (SSPxSTAT)
and two control registers (SSPxCON1 and SSPxCON2).
The use of these registers and their individual configura-
tion bits differ significantly depending on whether the
MSSP module is operating in SPI or I2C mode.
Additional details are provided under the individual
sections.
20.3 SPI Mode
The SPI mode allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously
transmitted and received simultaneously. All four
modes of SPI are supported. To accomplish
communication, typically three pins are used:
• Serial Data Out (SDOx) – RC5/SDO1 (or
RD4/SDO2 for 100-pin devices)
• Serial Data In (SDIx) – RC4/SDI1/SDA1 (or
RD5/SDI2/SDA2 for 100-pin devices)
• Serial Clock (SCKx) – RC3/SCK1/SCL1 (or
RD6/SCK2/SCL2 for 100-pin devices)
Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a Slave
mode of operation:
• Slave Select (SSx) – RF7/SS1 (or RD7/SS2 for
100-pin devices)
Figure 20-1 shows the block diagram of the MSSP
module when operating in SPI mode.
FIGURE 20-1: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM
(SPI MODE)
Note: Throughout this section, generic refer-
ences to an MSSP module in any of its
operating modes may be interpreted as
being equally applicable to MSSP1 or
MSSP2. Register names and module I/O
signals use the generic designator, ‘x’, to
indicate the use of a numeral to distin-
guish a particular module when required.
Control bit names are not individuated.
Note: In devices with more than one MSSP
module, it is very important to pay close
attention to the SSPxCON register
names. SSP1CON1 and SSP1CON2
control different operational aspects of the
same module, while SSP1CON1 and
SSP2CON1 control the same features for
two different modules.
( )
Read Write
Internal
Data Bus
SSPxSR reg
SSPM<3:0>
bit 0 Shift
Clock
SSx Control
Enable
Edge
Select
Clock Select
TMR2 Output
TOSC
Prescaler
4, 16, 64
2
Edge
Select
2
4
Data to TXx/RXx in SSPxSR
TRIS bit
2
SMP:CKE
SDOx
SSPxBUF reg
SDIx
SSx
SCKx
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20.3.1 REGISTERS
Each MSSP module has four registers for SPI mode
operation. These are:
• MSSPx Control Register 1 (SSPxCON1)
• MSSPx Status Register (SSPxSTAT)
• Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer Register
(SSPxBUF)
• MSSPx Shift Register (SSPxSR) – Not directly
accessible
SSPxCON1 and SSPxSTAT are the control and status
registers in SPI mode operation. The SSPxCON1
register is readable and writable. The lower 6 bits of
the SSPxSTAT are read-only. The upper two bits of the
SSPxSTAT are read/write.
SSPxSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or
out. SSPxBUF is the buffer register to which data
bytes are written to or read from.
In receive operations, SSPxSR and SSPxBUF
together create a double-buffered receiver. When
SSPxSR receives a complete byte, it is transferred to
SSPxBUF and the SSPxIF interrupt is set.
During transmission, the SSPxBUF is not
double-buffered. A write to SSPxBUF will write to both
SSPxBUF and SSPxSR.
REGIST ER 20-1: SSPxSTAT: MSSP x STATUS REGISTER (SPI MODE )
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0
SMP CKE(1) D/A PSR/WUA BF
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 SMP: Sample bit
SPI Master mode:
1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time
0 = Input data sampled at middle of data output time
SPI Slave mode:
SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode.
bit 6 CKE: SPI Clock Select bit(1)
1 = Transmit occurs on transition from active to Idle clock state
0 = Transmit occurs on transition from Idle to active clock state
bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit
Used in I2C mode only.
bit 4 P: Stop bit
Used in I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the MSSP module is disabled, SSPEN is cleared.
bit 3 S: Start bit
Used in I2C mode only.
bit 2 R/W: Read/Write Information bit
Used in I2C mode only.
bit 1 UA: Update Address bit
Used in I2C mode only
bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit (Receive mode only)
1 = Receive complete, SSPxBUF is full
0 = Receive not complete, SSPxBUF is empty
Note 1: Polarity of clock state is set by the CKP bit (SSPxCON1<4>).
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REGISTER 20-2: SSPxCON1: MSSPx CONTROL REGISTER 1 (SPI MODE)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
WCOL SSPOV(1) SSPEN(2) CKP SSPM3(3) SSPM2(3) SSPM1(3) SSPM0(3)
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit (Transmit mode only)
1 = The SSPxBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word
(must be cleared in software)
0 = No collision
bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit(1)
SPI Slave mode:
1 = A new byte is received while the SSPxBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case of
overflow, the data in SSPxSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave mode. The user must read
the SSPxBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow (must be cleared in
software).
0 = No overflow
bit 5 SSPEN: Master Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit(2)
1 = Enables serial port and configures SCKx, SDOx, SDIx and SSx as serial port pins
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
bit 4 CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit
1 = Idle state for clock is a high level
0 = Idle state for clock is a low level
bit 3-0 SSPM<3:0>: Master Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits(3)
0101 = SPI Slave mode, Clock = SCKx pin, SSx pin control disabled, SSx can be used as I/O pin
0100 = SPI Slave mode, Clock = SCKx pin, SSx pin control enabled
0011 = SPI Master mode, Clock = TMR2 output/2
0010 = SPI Master mode, Clock = FOSC/64
0001 = SPI Master mode, Clock = FOSC/16
0000 = SPI Master mode, Clock = FOSC/4
Note 1: In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set since each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by
writing to the SSPxBUF register.
2: When this bit is enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output.
3: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in I2C™ mode only.
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20.3.2 OPERATION
When initializing the SPI, several options need to be
specified. This is done by programming the appropriate
control bits (SSPxCON1<5:0> and SSPxSTAT<7:6>).
These control bits allow the following to be specified:
• Master mode (SCKx is the clock output)
• Slave mode (SCKx is the clock input)
• Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCKx)
• Data Input Sample Phase (middle or end of data
output time)
• Clock Edge (output data on rising/falling edge of
SCKx)
• Clock Rate (Master mode only)
• Slave Select mode (Slave mode only)
Each MSSP module consists of a transmit/receive shift
register (SSPxSR) and a buffer register (SSPxBUF).
The SSPxSR shifts the data in and out of the device,
MSb first. The SSPxBUF holds the data that was
written to the SSPxSR until the received data is ready.
Once the 8 bits of data have been received, that byte is
moved to the SSPxBUF register. Then, the Buffer Full
detect bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), and the interrupt flag
bit, SSPxIF, are set. This double-buffering of the
received data (SSPxBUF) allows the next byte to start
reception before reading the data that was just
received. Any write to the SSPxBUF register during
transmission/reception of data will be ignored and the
Write Collision detect bit, WCOL (SSPxCON1<7>), will
be set. User software must clear the WCOL bit so that
it can be determined if the following write(s) to the
SSPxBUF register completed successfully.
When the application software is expecting to receive
valid data, the SSPxBUF should be read before the next
byte of data to transfer is written to the SSPxBUF. The
Buffer Full bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), indicates when
SSPxBUF has been loaded with the received data
(transmission is complete). When the SSPxBUF is read,
the BF bit is cleared. This data may be irrelevant if the
SPI is only a transmitter. Generally, the MSSP interrupt
is used to determine when the transmission/reception
has completed. The SSPxBUF must be read and/or
written. If the interrupt method is not going to be used,
then software polling can be done to ensure that a write
collision does not occur. Example 20-1 shows the
loading of the SSP1BUF (SSP1SR) for data
transmission.
The SSPxSR is not directly readable or writable and
can only be accessed by addressing the SSPxBUF
register. Additionally, the SSPxSTAT register indicates
the various status conditions.
EXAMPLE 20-1: LOADING THE SSP1BUF (SSP1SR) REGISTER
LOOP BTFSS SSP1STAT, BF ;Has data been received (transmit complete)?
BRA LOOP ;No
MOVF SSP1BUF, W ;WREG reg = contents of SSP1BUF
MOVWF RXDATA ;Save in user RAM, if data is meaningful
MOVF TXDATA, W ;W reg = contents of TXDATA
MOVWF SSP1BUF ;New data to xmit
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20.3.3 ENABLING SPI I/O
To enable the serial port, MSSP Enable bit, SSPEN
(SSPxCON1<5>), must be set. To reset or reconfigure
SPI mode, clear the SSPEN bit, reinitialize the
SSPxCON registers and then set the SSPEN bit. This
configures the SDIx, SDOx, SCKx and SSx pins as
serial port pins. For the pins to behave as the serial port
function, some must have their data direction bits (in
the TRIS register) appropriately programmed as
follows:
• SDIx is automatically controlled by the SPI module
• SDOx must have TRISC<5> (or TRISD<4>) bit
cleared
• SCKx (Master mode) must have TRISC<3> (or
TRISD<6>) bit cleared
• SCKx (Slave mode) must have TRISC<3> (or
TRISD<6>) bit set
• SSx must have TRISF<7> (or TRISD<7>) bit set
Any serial port function that is not desired may be
overridden by programming the corresponding data
direction (TRIS) register to the opposite value.
20.3.4 TYPICAL CONNECTION
Figure 20-2 shows a typical connection between two
microcontrollers. The master controller (Processor 1)
initiates the data transfer by sending the SCKx signal.
Data is shifted out of both shift registers on their
programmed clock edge and latched on the opposite
edge of the clock. Both processors should be
programmed to the same Clock Polarity (CKP), then
both controllers would send and receive data at the
same time. Whether the data is meaningful (or dummy
data) depends on the application software. This leads
to three scenarios for data transmission:
• Master sends data–Slave sends dummy data
• Master sends data–Slave sends data
• Master sends dummy data–Slave sends data
FIGURE 20-2: SP I MAST E R/S LAVE CONNECTION
Serial Input Buffer
(SSPxBUF)
Shift Register
(SSPxSR)
MSb LSb
SDOx
SDIx
PROCESSOR 1
SCKx
SPI Master SSPM<3:0> = 00xxb
Serial Input Buffer
(SSPxBUF)
Shift Register
(SSPxSR)
LSb
MSb
SDIx
SDOx
PROCESSOR 2
SCKx
SPI Slave SSPM<3:0> = 010xb
Serial Clock
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20.3.5 MASTER MODE
The master can initiate the data transfer at any time
because it controls the SCKx. The master determines
when the slave (Processor 2, Figure 20-2) will
broadcast data by the software protocol.
In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as
soon as the SSPxBUF register is written to. If the SPI
is only going to receive, the SDOx output could be
disabled (programmed as an input). The SSPxSR
register will continue to shift in the signal present on the
SDIx pin at the programmed clock rate. As each byte is
received, it will be loaded into the SSPxBUF register as
if a normal received byte (interrupts and status bits
appropriately set). This could be useful in receiver
applications as a “Line Activity Monitor” mode.
The clock polarity is selected by appropriately
programming the CKP bit (SSPxCON1<4>). This then,
would give waveforms for SPI communication as
shown in Figure 20-3, Figure 20-5 and Figure 20-6,
where the MSB is transmitted first. In Master mode, the
SPI clock rate (bit rate) is user-programmable to be one
of the following:
•F
OSC/4 (or TCY)
•FOSC/16 (or 4 • TCY)
•F
OSC/64 (or 16 • TCY)
• Timer2 output/2
This allows a maximum data rate (at 40 MHz) of
10.00 Mbps.
Figure 20-3 shows the waveforms for Master mode.
When the CKE bit is set, the SDOx data is valid before
there is a clock edge on SCKx. The change of the input
sample is shown based on the state of the SMP bit. The
time when the SSPxBUF is loaded with the received
data is shown.
FIGURE 20-3: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (MASTER MODE)
SCKx
(CKP = 0
SCKx
(CKP = 1
SCKx
(CKP = 0
SCKx
(CKP = 1
4 Clock
Modes
Input
Sample
Input
Sample
SDIx
bit 7 bit 0
SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
bit 7
SDIx
SSPxIF
(SMP = 1)
(SMP = 0)
(SMP = 1)
CKE = 1)
CKE = 0)
CKE = 1)
CKE = 0)
(SMP = 0)
Write to
SSPxBUF
SSPxSR to
SSPxBUF
SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
(CKE = 0)
(CKE = 1)
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
bit 0
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20.3.6 SLAVE MODE
In Slave mode, the data is transmitted and received as
the external clock pulses appear on SCKx. When the
last bit is latched, the SSPxIF interrupt flag bit is set.
Before enabling the module in SPI Slave mode, the
clock line must match the proper Idle state. The clock
line can be observed by reading the SCKx pin. The Idle
state is determined by the CKP bit (SSPxCON1<4>).
While in Slave mode, the external clock is supplied by
the external clock source on the SCKx pin. This
external clock must meet the minimum high and low
times as specified in the electrical specifications.
While in Sleep mode, the slave can transmit/receive
data. When a byte is received, the device will wake-up
from Sleep.
20.3.7 SLAVE SELECT
SYNCHRONIZATION
The SSx pin allows a Synchronous Slave mode. The
SPI must be in Slave mode with SSx pin control
enabled (SSPxCON1<3:0> = 04h). When the SSx pin
is low, transmission and reception are enabled and the
SDOx pin is driven. When the SSx pin goes high, the
SDOx pin is no longer driven, even if in the middle of a
transmitted byte, and becomes a floating output.
External pull-up/pull-down resistors may be desirable
depending on the application.
When the SPI module resets, the bit counter is forced
to ‘0’. This can be done by either forcing the SSx pin to
a high level or clearing the SSPEN bit.
To emulate two-wire communication, the SDOx pin can
be connected to the SDIx pin. When the SPI needs to
operate as a receiver, the SDOx pin can be configured
as an input. This disables transmissions from the
SDOx. The SDIx can always be left as an input (SDIx
function) since it cannot create a bus conflict.
FIGURE 20-4: SLAVE SYNCHRONIZATION WAVEFORM
Note 1:
When the SPI is in Slave mode with SSx pin
control enabled (SSPxCON1<3:0> =
0100
),
the SPI module will reset if the SSx pin is set
to V
DD
.
2: If the SPI is used in Slave mode with CKE
set, then the SSx pin control must be
enabled.
SCKx
(CKP = 1
SCKx
(CKP = 0
Input
Sample
SDIx
bit 7
SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 7
SSPxIF
Interrupt
(SMP = 0)
CKE = 0)
CKE = 0)
(SMP = 0)
Write to
SSPxBUF
SSPxSR to
SSPxBUF
SSx
Flag
bit 0
bit 7
bit 0
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
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FIGURE 20-5: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0)
FIGURE 20-6: SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1)
SCKx
(CKP = 1
SCKx
(CKP = 0
Input
Sample
SDIx
bit 7
SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
SSPxIF
Interrupt
(SMP = 0)
CKE = 0)
CKE = 0)
(SMP = 0)
Write to
SSPxBUF
SSPxSR to
SSPxBUF
SSx
Flag
Optional
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
bit 0
SCKx
(CKP = 1
SCKx
(CKP = 0
Input
Sample
SDIx
bit 7 bit 0
SDOx bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
SSPxIF
Interrupt
(SMP = 0)
CKE = 1)
CKE = 1)
(SMP = 0)
Write to
SSPxBUF
SSPxSR to
SSPxBUF
SSx
Flag
Not Optional
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
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20.3.8 OPERATION IN POWER-MANAGED
MODES
In SPI Master mode, module clocks may be operating
at a different speed than when in full-power mode. In
the case of Sleep mode, all clocks are halted.
In Idle modes, a clock is provided to the peripherals.
That clock should be from the primary clock source, the
secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator at 32.768 kHz) or
the INTRC source. See Section 3.7 “Clock Sources
and Oscillator Switching” for additional information.
In most cases, the speed that the master clocks SPI
data is not important; however, this should be
evaluated for each system.
If MSSP interrupts are enabled, they can wake the
controller from Sleep mode, or one of the Idle modes,
when the master completes sending data. If an exit
from Sleep or Idle mode is not desired, MSSP
interrupts should be disabled.
If the Sleep mode is selected, all module clocks are
halted and the transmission/reception will remain in
that state until the devices wakes. After the device
returns to Run mode, the module will resume
transmitting and receiving data.
In SPI Slave mode, the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift
register operates asynchronously to the device. This
allows the device to be placed in any power-managed
mode and data to be shifted into the SPI
Transmit/Receive Shift register. When all 8 bits have
been received, the MSSP interrupt flag bit will be set,
and if enabled, will wake the device.
20.3.9 EFFECTS OF A RESET
A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the
current transfer.
20.3.10 BUS MODE COMPATIBILITY
Table 20-1 shows the compatibility between the
standard SPI modes and the states of the CKP and
CKE control bits.
TABLE 20-1: SPI BUS MODES
There is also an SMP bit which controls when the data
is sampled.
20.3.11 SPI CLOCK SPEED AND MODULE
INTERACTIONS
Because MSSP1 and MSSP2 are independent
modules, they can operate simultaneously at different
data rates. Setting the SSPM<3:0> bits of the
SSPxCON1 register determines the rate for the
corresponding module.
An exception is when both modules use Timer2 as a
time base in Master mode. In this instance, any
changes to the Timer2 operation will affect both MSSP
modules equally. If different bit rates are required for
each module, the user should select one of the other
three time base options for one of the modules.
Standard SPI Mode
Terminology
Control Bits State
CKP CKE
0, 0 0 1
0, 1 0 0
1, 0 1 1
1, 1 1 0
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TABLE 20-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF(1) BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE(1) BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP(1) BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 71
TRISD TRISD7(1) TRISD6(1) TRISD5(1) TRISD4(1) TRISD3 TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 71
TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 TRISF0 71
SSP1BUF MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 70
SSP1CON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 70
SSP1STAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 70
SSP2BUF MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 73
SSP2CON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 73
SSP2STAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 73
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP module in SPI mode.
Note 1: These bits are only available in 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’.
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20.4 I2C Mode
The MSSP module in I2C mode fully implements all
master and slave functions (including general call
support) and provides interrupts on Start and Stop bits
in hardware to determine a free bus (multi-master
function). The MSSP module implements the standard
mode specifications, as well as 7-bit and 10-bit
addressing.
Two pins are used for data transfer:
• Serial clock (SCLx) – RC3/SCK1/SCL1
(or RD6/SCK2/SCL2 for 100-pin devices)
• Serial data (SDAx) – RC4/SDI1/SDA1
(or RD5/SDI2/SDA2 for 100-pin devices)
The user must configure these pins as inputs by setting
the TRISC<4:3> or TRISD<5:4> bits.
FIGURE 20-7: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM
(I2C™ MODE)
20.4.1 REGISTERS
The MSSP module has six registers for I2C operation.
These are:
• MSSPx Control Register 1 (SSPxCON1)
• MSSPx Control Register 2 (SSPxCON2)
• MSSPx Status Register (SSPxSTAT)
• MSSPx Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
(SSPxBUF)
• MSSPx Shift Register (SSPxSR) – Not directly
accessible
• MSSPx Address Register (SSPxADD)
SSPxCON1, SSPxCON2 and SSPxSTAT are the
control and status registers in I2C mode operation. The
SSPxCON1 and SSPxCON2 registers are readable
and writable. The lower 6 bits of the SSPxSTAT are
read-only. The upper two bits of the SSPxSTAT are
read/write.
Many of the bits in SSPxCON2 assume different
functions, depending on whether the module is operat-
ing in Master or Slave mode. SSPxCON2<5:1> also
assume different names in Slave mode. The different
aspects of SSPxCON2 are shown in Register 20-5 (for
Master mode) and Register 20-6 (Slave mode).
SSPxSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or
out. SSPxBUF is the buffer register to which data bytes
are written to or read from.
The SSPxADD register holds the slave device address
when the MSSP is configured in I2C Slave mode. When
the MSSP is configured in Master mode, the lower seven
bits of SSPxADD act as the Baud Rate Generator reload
value.
In receive operations, SSPxSR and SSPxBUF together,
create a double-buffered receiver. When SSPxSR
receives a complete byte, it is transferred to SSPxBUF
and the SSPxIF interrupt is set.
During transmission, the SSPxBUF is not
double-buffered. A write to SSPxBUF will write to both
SSPxBUF and SSPxSR.
Read Write
SSPxSR reg
Match Detect
SSPxADD reg
Start and
Stop bit Detect
SSPxBUF reg
Internal
Data Bus
Addr Match
Set, Reset
S, P bits
(SSPxSTAT reg)
Shift
Clock
MSb LSb
SCLx
SDAx
Address Mask
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REGIST ER 20-3: SSPxSTAT: MS SP x STATUS REGI S TER (I2C™ MODE)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0
SMP CKE D/A P(1) S(1) R/W(2,3) UA BF
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 SMP: Slew Rate Control bit
In Master or Slave mode:
1 = Slew rate control is disabled for Standard Speed mode (100 kHz and 1 MHz)
0 = Slew rate control is enabled for High-Speed mode (400 kHz)
bit 6 CKE: SMBus Select bit
In Master or Slave mode:
1 = Enable SMBus-specific inputs
0 = Disable SMBus-specific inputs
bit 5 D/A: Data/Address bit
In Master mode:
Reserved.
In Slave mode:
1 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data
0 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address
bit 4 P: Stop bit(1)
1 = Indicates that a Stop bit has been detected last
0 = Stop bit was not detected last
bit 3 S: Start bit(1)
1 = Indicates that a Start bit has been detected last
0 = Start bit was not detected last
bit 2 R/W: Read/Write Information bit (I2C mode only)(2,3)
In Slave mode:
1 = Read
0 = Write
In Master mode:
1 = Transmit is in progress
0 = Transmit is not in progress
bit 1 UA: Update Address bit (10-Bit Slave mode only)
1 = Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPxADD register
0 = Address does not need to be updated
bit 0 BF: Buffer Full Status bit
In Transmit mode:
1 = SSPxBUF is full
0 = SSPxBUF is empty
In Receive mode:
1 = SSPxBUF is full (does not include the ACK and Stop bits)
0 = SSPxBUF is empty (does not include the ACK and Stop bits)
Note 1: This bit is cleared on Reset and when SSPEN is cleared.
2: This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is only valid from the
address match to the next Start bit, Stop bit or not ACK bit.
3: ORing this bit with SEN, RSEN, PEN, RCEN or ACKEN will indicate if the MSSP is in Active mode.
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REGISTER 20-4: SSPxCON1: MSS Px CONTROL REGISTER 1 (I2C™ MODE)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit
In Master Transmit mode:
1 = A write to the SSPxBUF register was attempted while the I2C conditions were not valid for a
transmission to be started (must be cleared in software)
0 = No collision
In Slave Transmit mode:
1 = The SSPxBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word (must be cleared in
software)
0 = No collision
In Receive mode (Master or Slave modes):
This is a “don’t care” bit.
bit 6 SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
In Receive mode:
1 = A byte is received while the SSPxBUF register is still holding the previous byte (must be cleared
in software)
0 = No overflow
In Transmit mode:
This is a “don’t care” bit in Transmit mode.
bit 5 SSPEN: Master Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1 = Enables the serial port and configures the SDAx and SCLx pins as the serial port pins(1)
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins(1)
bit 4 CKP: SCKx Release Control bit
In Slave mode:
1 = Releases clock
0 = Holds clock low (clock stretch); used to ensure data setup time
In Master mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 3-0 SSPM<3:0>: Master Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
1111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit addressing with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled(2)
1110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit addressing with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled(2)
1011 = I2C Firmware Controlled Master mode (slave Idle)(2)
1000 = I2C Master mode, Clock = FOSC/(4 * (SSPADD + 1))(2)
0111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit addressing(2)
0110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit addressing(2)
Note 1: When enabled, the SDAx and SCLx pins must be configured as inputs.
2: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in SPI mode only.
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REGISTER 20-5: SSPxCON2: MSSPx CONTROL REGISTER 2 (I2C™ MASTER MO DE)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT(1) ACKEN(2) RCEN(2) PEN(2) RSEN(2) SEN(2)
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 GCEN: General Call Enable bit (Slave mode only)
Unused in Master mode.
bit 6 ACKSTAT: Acknowledge Status bit (Master Transmit mode only)
1 = Acknowledge was not received from slave
0 = Acknowledge was received from slave
bit 5 ACKDT: Acknowledge Data bit (Master Receive mode only)(1)
1 = Not Acknowledged
0 = Acknowledge
bit 4 ACKEN: Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit(2)
1 = Initiate Acknowledge sequence on SDAx and SCLx pins and transmit ACKDT data bit.
Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Acknowledge sequence Idle
bit 3 RCEN: Receive Enable bit (Master Receive mode only)(2)
1 = Enables Receive mode for I2C
0 = Receive Idle
bit 2 PEN: Stop Condition Enable bit(2)
1 = Initiate Stop condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Stop condition Idle
bit 1 RSEN: Repeated Start Condition Enable bit(2)
1 = Initiate Repeated Start condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Repeated Start condition Idle
bit 0 SEN: Start Condition Enable/Stretch Enable bit(2)
1 = Initiate Start condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0 = Start condition Idle
Note 1: Value that will be transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at the end of a receive.
2: If the I2C module is active, these bits may not be set (no spooling) and the SSPxBUF may not be written
(or writes to the SSPxBUF are disabled).
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REGISTER 20-6: SSPxCON2: MSS Px CONTROL REGISTER 2 (I2C™ SLAVE MODE)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
GCEN ACKSTAT ADMSK5 ADMSK4 ADMSK3 ADMSK2 ADMSK1 SEN(1)
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 GCEN: General Call Enable bit (Slave mode only)
1 = Enable interrupt when a general call address (0000h) is received in the SSPxSR
0 = General call address disabled
bit 6 ACKSTAT: Acknowledge Status bit
Unused in Slave mode.
bit 5-2 ADMSK5:ADMSK2: Slave Address Mask Select bits
1 = Masking of corresponding bits of SSPxADD is enabled
0 = Masking of corresponding bits of SSPxADD is disabled
bit 1 ADMSK1: Slave Address Least Significant Mask Select bit
In 7-Bit Addressing mode:
1 = Masking of SSPxADD<1> is only enabled
0 = Masking of SSPxADD<1> is only disabled
In 10-Bit Addressing mode:
1 = Masking of SSPxADD<1:0> is enabled
0 = Masking of SSPxADD<1:0> is disabled
bit 0 SEN: Stretch Enable bit(1)
1 = Clock stretching is enabled for both slave transmit and slave receive (stretch enabled)
0 = Clock stretching is disabled
Note 1: If the I2C module is active, this bit may not be set (no spooling) and the SSPxBUF may not be written (or
writes to the SSPxBUF are disabled).
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20.4.2 OPERATION
The MSSP module functions are enabled by setting the
MSSP Enable bit, SSPEN (SSPxCON1<5>).
The SSPxCON1 register allows control of the I2C oper-
ation. Four mode selection bits (SSPxCON1<3:0>)
allow one of the following I2C modes to be selected:
•I
2C Master mode,
clock = (FOSC/4) x (SSPxADD + 1)
•I
2C Slave mode (7-bit addressing)
•I
2C Slave mode (10-bit addressing)
•I
2C Slave mode (7-bit addressing) with Start and
Stop bit interrupts enabled
•I
2C Slave mode (10-bit addressing) with Start and
Stop bit interrupts enabled
•I
2C Firmware Controlled Master mode,
slave is Idle
Selection of any I2C mode, with the SSPEN bit set,
forces the SCLx and SDAx pins to be open-drain,
provided these pins are programmed to inputs by
setting the appropriate TRISC or TRISD bits. To ensure
proper operation of the module, pull-up resistors must
be provided externally to the SCLx and SDAx pins.
20.4.3 SLAVE MODE
In Slave mode, the SCLx and SDAx pins must be
configured as inputs (TRISC<4:3> or TRISD<5:4> are
set). The MSSP module will override the input state
with the output data when required (slave-transmitter).
The I2C Slave mode hardware will always generate an
interrupt on an exact address match. In addition,
address masking will also allow the hardware to gener-
ate an interrupt for more than one address (up to 31 in
7-bit addressing and up to 63 in 10-bit addressing).
Through the mode select bits, the user can also choose
to interrupt on Start and Stop bits.
When an address is matched, or the data transfer after
an address match is received, the hardware auto-
matically will generate the Acknowledge (ACK) pulse
and load the SSPxBUF register with the received value
currently in the SSPxSR register.
Any combination of the following conditions will cause
the MSSP module not to give this ACK pulse:
• The Buffer Full bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), was set
before the transfer was received.
• The MSSP Overflow bit, SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>),
was set before the transfer was received.
In this case, the SSPxSR register value is not loaded
into the SSPxBUF, but bit, SSPxIF, is set. The BF bit is
cleared by reading the SSPxBUF register, while bit,
SSPOV, is cleared through software.
The SCLx clock input must have a minimum high and
low for proper operation. The high and low times of the
I2C specification, as well as the requirement of the
MSSP module, are shown in timing Parameter 100 and
Parameter 101.
20.4.3.1 Addressing
Once the MSSP module has been enabled, it waits for
a Start condition to occur. Following the Start condition,
the 8 bits are shifted into the SSPxSR register. All
incoming bits are sampled with the rising edge of the
clock (SCLx) line. The value of register SSPxSR<7:1>
is compared to the value of the SSPxADD register. The
address is compared on the falling edge of the eighth
clock (SCLx) pulse. If the addresses match and the BF
and SSPOV bits are clear, the following events occur:
1. The SSPxSR register value is loaded into the
SSPxBUF register.
2. The Buffer Full bit, BF, is set.
3. An ACK pulse is generated.
4. The MSSP Interrupt Flag bit, SSPxIF, is set (and
the interrupt is generated, if enabled) on the
falling edge of the ninth SCLx pulse.
In 10-Bit Addressing mode, two address bytes need to
be received by the slave. The five Most Significant bits
(MSbs) of the first address byte specify if this is a 10-bit
address. Bit, R/W (SSPxSTAT<2>), must specify a
write so the slave device will receive the second
address byte. For a 10-bit address, the first byte would
equal ‘11110 A9 A8 0’, where ‘A9’ and ‘A8’ are the
two MSbs of the address. The sequence of events for
10-bit addressing is as follows, with Steps 7 through 9
for the slave-transmitter:
1. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits,
SSPxIF, BF and UA, are set).
2. Update the SSPxADD register with second (low)
byte of address (clears bit, UA, and releases the
SCLx line).
3. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and
clear flag bit, SSPxIF.
4. Receive second (low) byte of address (bits,
SSPxIF, BF and UA, are set).
5. Update the SSPxADD register with the first
(high) byte of address. If match releases SCLx
line, this will clear bit, UA.
6. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and
clear flag bit, SSPxIF.
7. Receive Repeated Start condition.
8. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits,
SSPxIF and BF, are set).
9. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and
clear flag bit, SSPxIF.
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20.4.3.2 Address Masking
Masking an address bit causes that bit to become a
“don’t care”. When one address bit is masked, two
addresses will be Acknowledged and cause an
interrupt. It is possible to mask more than one address
bit at a time, which makes it possible to Acknowledge
up to 31 addresses in 7-bit mode, and up to
63 addresses in 10-bit mode (see Example 20-2).
The I2C Slave behaves the same way whether address
masking is used or not. However, when address
masking is used, the I2C slave can Acknowledge
multiple addresses and cause interrupts. When this
occurs, it is necessary to determine which address
caused the interrupt by checking SSPxBUF.
In 7-Bit Addressing mode, address mask bits,
ADMSK<5:1> (SSPxCON2<5:1>), mask the corre-
sponding address bits in the SSPxADD register. For any
ADMSK bits that are set (ADMSK<n> = 1), the corre-
sponding address bit is ignored (SSPxADD<n> = x). For
the module to issue an address Acknowledge, it is
sufficient to match only on addresses that do not have an
active address mask.
In 10-Bit Addressing mode, bits, ADMSK<5:2>, mask
the corresponding address bits in the SSPxADD regis-
ter. In addition, ADMSK1 simultaneously masks the two
LSbs of the address (SSPxADD<1:0>). For any
ADMSK bits that are active (ADMSK<n> = 1), the cor-
responding address bit is ignored (SSPxADD<n> = x).
Also note, that although in 10-Bit Addressing mode, the
upper address bits re-use part of the SSPxADD regis-
ter bits. The address mask bits do not interact with
those bits; they only affect the lower address bits.
EXAMPLE 20-2: ADDRESS MASKING EXAMP LES
Note 1: ADMSK1 masks the two Least
Significant bits of the address.
2: The two Most Significant bits of the
address are not affected by address
masking.
7-Bit Addressing:
SSPxADD<7:1> = A0h (1010000) (SSPxADD<0> is assumed to be ‘0’)
ADMSK<5:1> = 00111
Addresses Acknowledged: A0h, A2h, A4h, A6h, A8h, AAh, ACh, AEh
10-Bit Addressing:
SSPxADD<7:0> = A0h (10100000) (the two MSb of the address are ignored in this example since they are
not affected by masking)
ADMSK<5:1> = 00111
Addresses Acknowledged: A0h, A1h, A2h, A3h, A4h, A5h, A6h, A7h, A8h, A9h, AAh, ABh, ACh, ADh, AEh, AFh
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20.4.3.3 Reception
When the R/W bit of the address byte is clear and an
address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPxSTAT
register is cleared. The received address is loaded into
the SSPxBUF register and the SDAx line is held low
(ACK).
When the address byte overflow condition exists, then
the no Acknowledge (ACK) pulse is given. An overflow
condition is defined as either bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>),
is set, or bit, SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>), is set.
An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
byte. The interrupt flag bit, SSPxIF, must be cleared in
software. The SSPxSTAT register is used to determine
the status of the byte.
If SEN is enabled (SSPxCON2<0> = 1), SCKx/SCLx
(RC3 or RD6) will be held low (clock stretch) following
each data transfer. The clock must be released by
setting bit, CKP (SSPxCON1<4>). See Section 20.4.4
“Clock Stretching” for more details.
20.4.3.4 Transmission
When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set and
an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPxSTAT
register is set. The received address is loaded into the
SSPxBUF register. The ACK pulse will be sent on the
ninth bit and pin RC3 or RD6 is held low, regardless of
SEN (see Section 20.4.4 “Clock Stretching” for more
details). By stretching the clock, the master will be unable
to assert another clock pulse until the slave is done
preparing the transmit data. The transmit data must be
loaded into the SSPxBUF register which also loads the
SSPxSR register. Then, pin, RC3 or RD6, should be
enabled by setting bit, CKP (SSPxCON1<4>). The eight
data bits are shifted out on the falling edge of the SCLx
input. This ensures that the SDAx signal is valid during
the SCLx high time (Figure 20-10).
The ACK pulse from the master-receiver is latched on
the rising edge of the ninth SCLx input pulse. If the SDAx
line is high (not ACK), then the data transfer is complete.
In this case, when the ACK is latched by the slave, the
slave logic is reset (resets SSPxSTAT register) and the
slave monitors for another occurrence of the Start bit. If
the SDAx line was low (ACK), the next transmit data
must be loaded into the SSPxBUF register. Again, pin,
RC3 or RD6, must be enabled by setting bit, CKP.
An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
byte. The SSPxIF bit must be cleared in software and
the SSPxSTAT register is used to determine the status
of the byte. The SSPxIF bit is set on the falling edge of
the ninth clock pulse.
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FIGURE 20-8: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)
S1 234 567 89 1 2 34 5 67 89 1 23 45 7 89 P
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0
ACK
Receiving Data
ACK
Receiving Data
R/W = 0
ACK
Receiving Address
Cleared in software
SSPxBUF is read
Bus master
terminates
transfer
SSPOV is set
because SSPxBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.
D2
6
CKP
(CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)
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FIGURE 20-9: I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 AND ADMSK<5:1> = 01011
(RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)
S12345678912345678912345 789 P
A7 A6 A5 X A3 X X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0
ACK
Receiving Data
ACK
Receiving Data
R/W = 0
ACK
Receiving Address
Cleared in software
SSPxBUF is read
Bus master
terminates
transfer
SSPOV is set
because SSPxBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.
D2
6
CKP
(CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)
Note 1: x = Don’t care (i.e., address bit can be either a ‘1’ or a ‘0’).
2: In this example, an address equal to A7.A6.A5.X.A3.X.X will be Acknowledged and cause an interrupt.
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FIGURE 20-10 : I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SSPxBUF is written in software
Cleared in software
Data in
sampled
S
ACK
Transmitting Data
R/W = 0
ACK
Receiving Address
A7 D7
9 1
D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SSPxBUF is written in software
Cleared in software
From SSPxIF ISR
Transmitting Data
D7
1
CKP
P
ACK
CKP is set in software CKP is set in software
SCLx held low
while CPU
responds to SSPxIF
SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)
From SSPxIF ISR
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FIGURE 20-11: I2C™ SLAVE MO DE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
S123456789 1234567 89 1 2345 789 P
1 1 1 1 0 A9A8 A7 A6A5A4A3A2A1A0 D7 D6D5D4D3 D1D0
Receive Data Byte
ACK
R/W = 0
ACK
Receive First Byte of Address
Cleared in software
D2
6
Cleared in software
Receive Second Byte of Address
Cleared by hardware
when SSPxADD is updated
with low byte of address
UA (SSPxSTAT<1>)
Clock is held low until
update of SSPxADD has
taken place
UA is set indicating that
the SSPxADD needs to be
updated
UA is set indicating that
SSPxADD needs to be
updated
Cleared by hardware when
SSPxADD is updated with high
byte of address
SSPxBUF is written with
contents of SSPxSR
Dummy read of SSPxBUF
to clear BF flag
ACK
CKP
12345 789
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0
Receive Data Byte
Bus master
terminates
transfer
D2
6
ACK
Cleared in software Cleared in software
SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)
SSPOV is set
because SSPxBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.
(CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)
Clock is held low until
update of SSPxADD has
taken place
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FIGURE 20-12 : I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 AND ADMSK<5:1> = 01001
(RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
S123456789 12 34567 89 12345 789 P
1 1 1 1 0 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 X A3 A2 X X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0
Receive Data Byte
ACK
R/W = 0
ACK
Receive First Byte of Address
Cleared in software
D2
6
Cleared in software
Receive Second Byte of Address
Cleared by hardware
when SSPxADD is updated
with low byte of address
UA (SSPxSTAT<1>)
Clock is held low until
update of SSPxADD has
taken place
UA is set indicating that
the SSPxADD needs to be
updated
UA is set indicating that
SSPxADD needs to be
updated
Cleared by hardware when
SSPxADD is updated with high
byte of address
SSPxBUF is written with
contents of SSPxSR
Dummy read of SSPxBUF
to clear BF flag
ACK
CKP
12345 789
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0
Receive Data Byte
Bus master
terminates
transfer
D2
6
ACK
Cleared in software Cleared in software
SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)
SSPOV is set
because SSPxBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.
(CKP does not reset to ‘0’ when SEN = 0)
Clock is held low until
update of SSPxADD has
taken place
Note 1: x = Don’t care (i.e., address bit can be either a ‘1’ or a ‘0’).
2: In this example, an address equal to A9.A8.A7.A6.A5.X.A3.A2.X.X will be Acknowledged and cause an interrupt.
3: Note that the Most Significant bits of the address are not affected by the bit masking.
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FIGURE 20-13 : I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
S12345 6789 123 45 678 9 12345 7 89 P
1 1 1 1 0 A9A8 A7 A6A5A4A3A2A1A0 1 1 1 1 0 A8
R/W = 1
ACK
ACK
R/W = 0
ACK
Receive First Byte of Address
Cleared in software
Bus master
terminates
transfer
A9
6
Receive Second Byte of Address
Cleared by hardware when
SSPxADD is updated with low
byte of address
UA (SSPxSTAT<1>)
Clock is held low until
update of SSPxADD has
taken place
UA is set indicating that
the SSPxADD needs to be
updated
UA is set indicating that
SSPxADD needs to be
updated
Cleared by hardware when
SSPxADD is updated with high
byte of address.
SSPxBUF is written with
contents of SSPxSR
Dummy read of SSPxBUF
to clear BF flag
Receive First Byte of Address
12345 789
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1
ACK
D2
6
Transmitting Data Byte
D0
Dummy read of SSPxBUF
to clear BF flag
Sr
Cleared in software
Write of SSPxBUF
initiates transmit
Cleared in software
Completion of
clears BF flag
CKP (SSPxCON1<4>)
CKP is set in software
CKP is automatically cleared in hardware, holding SCLx low
Clock is held low until
update of SSPxADD has
taken place
data transmission
Clock is held low until
CKP is set to ‘1’
third address sequence
BF flag is clear
at the end of the
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20.4.4 CLOCK STRETCHING
Both 7-Bit and 10-Bit Slave modes implement
automatic clock stretching during a transmit sequence.
The SEN bit (SSPxCON2<0>) allows clock stretching
to be enabled during receives. Setting SEN will cause
the SCLx pin to be held low at the end of each data
receive sequence.
20.4.4.1 Clock Stretching for 7-Bit Slave
Receive Mode (SEN = 1)
In 7-Bit Slave Receive mode, on the falling edge of the
ninth clock at the end of the ACK sequence, if the BF
bit is set, the CKP bit in the SSPxCON1 register is
automatically cleared, forcing the SCLx output to be
held low. The CKP being cleared to ‘0’ will assert the
SCLx line low. The CKP bit must be set in the user’s
ISR before reception is allowed to continue. By holding
the SCLx line low, the user has time to service the ISR
and read the contents of the SSPxBUF before the
master device can initiate another receive sequence.
This will prevent buffer overruns from occurring (see
Figure 20-15).
20.4.4.2 Clock Stretching for 10-Bit Slave
Receive Mode (SEN = 1)
In 10-Bit Slave Receive mode during the address
sequence, clock stretching automatically takes place
but CKP is not cleared. During this time, if the UA bit is
set after the ninth clock, clock stretching is initiated.
The UA bit is set after receiving the upper byte of the
10-bit address and following the receive of the second
byte of the 10-bit address with the R/W bit cleared to
‘0’. The release of the clock line occurs upon updating
SSPxADD. Clock stretching will occur on each data
receive sequence as described in 7-bit mode.
20.4.4.3 Clock Stretching for 7-Bit Slave
Transmit Mode
The 7-Bit Slave Transmit mode implements clock
stretching by clearing the CKP bit after the falling edge
of the ninth clock, if the BF bit is clear. This occurs
regardless of the state of the SEN bit.
The user’s ISR must set the CKP bit before
transmission is allowed to continue. By holding the
SCLx line low, the user has time to service the ISR
and load the contents of the SSPxBUF before the
master device can initiate another transmit sequence
(see Figure 20-10).
20.4.4.4 Clock Stretching for 10-Bit Slave
Transmit Mode
In 10-Bit Slave Transmit mode, clock stretching is
controlled during the first two address sequences by
the state of the UA bit, just as it is in 10-Bit Slave
Receive mode. The first two addresses are followed
by a third address sequence which contains the
high-order bits of the 10-bit address and the R/W bit
set to ‘1’. After the third address sequence is
performed, the UA bit is not set, the module is now
configured in Transmit mode and clock stretching is
controlled by the BF flag as in 7-Bit Slave Transmit
mode (see Figure 20-13).
Note 1: If the user reads the contents of the
SSPxBUF before the falling edge of the
ninth clock, thus clearing the BF bit, the
CKP bit will not be cleared and clock
stretching will not occur.
2: The CKP bit can be set in software regard-
less of the state of the BF bit. The user
should be careful to clear the BF bit in the
ISR before the next receive sequence in
order to prevent an overflow condition.
Note: If the user polls the UA bit and clears it by
updating the SSPxADD register before the
falling edge of the ninth clock occurs and if
the user hasn’t cleared the BF bit by read-
ing the SSPxBUF register before that time,
then the CKP bit will still NOT be asserted
low. Clock stretching on the basis of the
state of the BF bit only occurs during a
data sequence, not an address sequence.
Note 1: If the user loads the contents of
SSPxBUF, setting the BF bit before the
falling edge of the ninth clock, the CKP bit
will not be cleared and clock stretching
will not occur.
2: The CKP bit can be set in software
regardless of the state of the BF bit.
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20.4.4.5 Clock Synchronization and
the CKP bit
When the CKP bit is cleared, the SCLx output is forced
to ‘0’. However, clearing the CKP bit will not assert the
SCLx output low until the SCLx output is already
sampled low. Therefore, the CKP bit will not assert the
SCLx line until an external I2C master device has
already asserted the SCLx line. The SCLx output will
remain low until the CKP bit is set and all other
devices on the I2C bus have deasserted SCLx. This
ensures that a write to the CKP bit will not violate the
minimum high time requirement for SCLx (see
Figure 20-14).
FIGURE 20-14: CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMING
SDAx
SCLx
DX – 1
DX
WR
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
SSPxCON1
CKP
Master device
deasserts clock
Master device
asserts clock
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FIGURE 20-15 : I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)
S1 234 567 89 1 2345 67 89 1 2345 789 P
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0
ACK
Receiving Data
ACK
Receiving Data
R/W = 0
ACK
Receiving Address
Cleared in software
SSPxBUF is read
Bus master
terminates
transfer
SSPOV is set
because SSPxBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.
D2
6
CKP
CKP
written
to ‘1’ in
If BF is cleared
prior to the falling
edge of the 9th clock,
CKP will not be reset
to ‘0’ and no clock
stretching will occur
software
Clock is held low until
CKP is set to ‘1’
Clock is not held low
because buffer full bit is
clear prior to falling edge
of 9th clock
Clock is not held low
because ACK =
1
BF is set after falling
edge of the 9th clock,
CKP is reset to ‘0’ and
clock stretching occurs
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FIGURE 20-16 : I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF (PIR1<3> or PIR3<7>)
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
S123456789 123456789 12345 789 P
1 1 1 1 0 A9A8 A7 A6A5A4A3A2A1 A0 D7D6D5D4D3 D1D0
Receive Data Byte
ACK
R/W = 0
ACK
Receive First Byte of Address
Cleared in software
D2
6
Cleared in software
Receive Second Byte of Address
Cleared by hardware when
SSPxADD is updated with low
byte of address after falling edge
UA (SSPxSTAT<1>)
Clock is held low until
update of SSPxADD has
taken place
UA is set indicating that
the SSPxADD needs to be
updated
UA is set indicating that
SSPxADD needs to be
updated
Cleared by hardware when
SSPxADD is updated with high
byte of address after falling edge
SSPxBUF is written with
contents of SSPxSR
Dummy read of SSPxBUF
to clear BF flag
ACK
CKP
12345 789
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D1 D0
Receive Data Byte
Bus master
terminates
transfer
D2
6
ACK
Cleared in software Cleared in software
SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)
CKP written to
‘
1
’
Note: An update of the SSPxADD register before the
falling edge of the ninth clock will have no effect
on UA and UA will remain set.
Note: An update of the SSPxADD
register before the falling
edge of the ninth clock will
have no effect on UA and
UA will remain set.
in software
Clock is held low until
update of SSPxADD has
taken place
of ninth clock
of ninth clock
SSPOV is set
because SSPxBUF is
still full. ACK is not sent.
Dummy read of SSPxBUF
to clear BF flag
Clock is held low until
CKP is set to
‘
1
’
Clock is not held low
because ACK =
1
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20.4.5 GENERAL CALL ADDRESS
SUPPORT
The addressing procedure for the I2C bus is such that
the first byte after the Start condition usually
determines which device will be the slave addressed by
the master. The exception is the general call address,
which can address all devices. When this address is
used, all devices should, in theory, respond with an
Acknowledge.
The general call address is one of eight addresses
reserved for specific purposes by the I2C protocol. It
consists of all ‘0’s with R/W = 0.
The general call address is recognized when the
General Call Enable bit, GCEN, is enabled
(SSPxCON2<7> set). Following a Start bit detect, 8 bits
are shifted into the SSPxSR and the address is
compared against the SSPxADD. It is also compared to
the general call address and fixed in hardware.
If the general call address matches, the SSPxSR is
transferred to the SSPxBUF, the BF flag bit is set
(eighth bit) and on the falling edge of the ninth bit (ACK
bit), the SSPxIF interrupt flag bit is set.
When the interrupt is serviced, the source for the
interrupt can be checked by reading the contents of the
SSPxBUF. The value can be used to determine if the
address was device-specific or a general call address.
In 10-Bit Addressing mode, the SSPxADD is required
to be updated for the second half of the address to
match, and the UA bit is set (SSPxSTAT<1>). If the
general call address is sampled when the GCEN bit is
set, while the slave is configured in 10-Bit Addressing
mode, then the second half of the address is not nec-
essary, the UA bit will not be set and the slave will begin
receiving data after the Acknowledge (Figure 20-17).
FIGURE 20-17: SLAVE MODE GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SEQUENCE
(7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESSING MODE)
SDAx
SCLx
S
SSPxIF
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)
Cleared in software
SSPxBUF is read
R/W = 0
ACK
General Call Address
Address is compared to General Call Address
GCEN (SSPxCON2<7>)
Receiving Data ACK
123456789123456789
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
after ACK, set interrupt
‘0’
‘1’
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20.4.6 MASTER MODE
Master mode is enabled by setting and clearing the
appropriate SSPM bits in SSPxCON1 and by setting
the SSPEN bit. In Master mode, the SCLx and SDAx
lines are manipulated by the MSSP hardware.
Master mode of operation is supported by interrupt
generation on the detection of the Start and Stop con-
ditions. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from
a Reset or when the MSSP module is disabled. Control
of the I2C bus may be taken when the P bit is set, or the
bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear.
In Firmware Controlled Master mode, user code
conducts all I2C bus operations based on Start and
Stop bit conditions.
Once Master mode is enabled, the user has six
options.
1. Assert a Start condition on SDAx and SCLx.
2. Assert a Repeated Start condition on SDAx and
SCLx.
3. Write to the SSPxBUF register, initiating
transmission of data/address.
4. Configure the I2C port to receive data.
5. Generate an Acknowledge condition at the end
of a received byte of data.
6. Generate a Stop condition on SDAx and SCLx.
The following events will cause the MSSP Interrupt
Flag bit, SSPxIF, to be set (and MSSP interrupt, if
enabled):
• Start Condition
• Stop Condition
• Data Transfer Byte Transmitted/Received
• Acknowledge Transmit
• Repeated Start
FIGURE 20-18: MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM (I2C™ MASTER MODE)
Note: The MSSP module, when configured in
I2C Master mode, does not allow queueing
of events. For instance, the user is not
allowed to initiate a Start condition and
immediately write the SSPxBUF register
to initiate transmission before the Start
condition is complete. In this case, the
SSPxBUF will not be written to and the
WCOL bit will be set, indicating that a write
to the SSPxBUF did not occur.
Read Write
SSPxSR
Start bit, Stop bit,
SSPxBUF
Internal
Data Bus
Set/Reset S, P, WCOL (SSPxSTAT, SSPxCON1)
Shift
Clock
MSb LSb
SDAx
Acknowledge
Generate
Stop bit Detect
Write Collision Detect
Clock Arbitration
State Counter for
End of XMIT/RCV
SCLx
SCLx In
Bus Collision
SDAx In
Receive Enable
Clock Cntl
Clock Arbitrate/WCOL Detect
(hold off clock source)
SSPxADD<6:0>
Baud
Set SSPxIF, BCLxIF
Reset ACKSTAT, PEN (SSPxCON2)
Rate
Generator
SSPM<3:0>
Start bit Detect
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20.4.6.1 I2C Master Mode Operation
The master device generates all of the serial clock
pulses and the Start and Stop conditions. A transfer is
ended with a Stop condition or with a Repeated Start
condition. Since the Repeated Start condition is also
the beginning of the next serial transfer, the I2C bus will
not be released.
In Master Transmitter mode, serial data is output
through SDAx, while SCLx outputs the serial clock. The
first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the
receiving device (7 bits) and the Read/Write (R/W) bit.
In this case, the R/W bit will be logic ‘0’. Serial data is
transmitted 8 bits at a time. After each byte is transmit-
ted, an Acknowledge bit is received. Start and Stop
conditions are output to indicate the beginning and the
end of a serial transfer.
In Master Receive mode, the first byte transmitted
contains the slave address of the transmitting device
(7 bits) and the R/W bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be
logic ‘1’. Thus, the first byte transmitted is a 7-bit slave
address followed by a ‘1’ to indicate the receive bit.
Serial data is received via SDAx, while SCLx outputs
the serial clock. Serial data is received, 8 bits at a time.
After each byte is received, an Acknowledge bit is
transmitted. Start and Stop conditions indicate the
beginning and end of transmission.
The Baud Rate Generator used for the SPI mode
operation is used to set the SCLx clock frequency for
either 100 kHz, 400 kHz or 1 MHz I2C operation. See
Section 20.4.7 “Baud Rate” for more detail.
A typical transmit sequence would go as follows:
1. The user generates a Start condition by setting
the Start Enable bit, SEN (SSPxCON2<0>).
2. SSPxIF is set. The MSSP module will wait the
required start time before any other operation
takes place.
3. The user loads the SSPxBUF with the slave
address to transmit.
4. Address is shifted out on the SDAx pin until all
8 bits are transmitted.
5. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the
slave device and writes its value into the
SSPxCON2 register (SSPxCON2<6>).
6. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the
end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the
SSPxIF bit.
7. The user loads the SSPxBUF with eight bits of
data.
8. Data is shifted out on the SDAx pin until all 8 bits
are transmitted.
9. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the
slave device and writes its value into the
SSPxCON2 register (SSPxCON2<6>).
10. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the
end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the
SSPxIF bit.
11. The user generates a Stop condition by setting
the Stop Enable bit, PEN (SSPxCON2<2>).
12. Interrupt is generated once the Stop condition is
complete.
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20.4.7 BAUD RATE
In I2C Master mode, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG)
reload value is placed in the lower 7 bits of the
SSPxADD register (Figure 20-19). When a write
occurs to SSPxBUF, the Baud Rate Generator will
automatically begin counting. The BRG counts down to
0 and stops until another reload has taken place. The
BRG count is decremented twice per instruction cycle
(T
CY) on the Q2 and Q4 clocks. In I2C Master mode, the
BRG is reloaded automatically.
Once the given operation is complete (i.e., transmis-
sion of the last data bit is followed by ACK), the internal
clock will automatically stop counting and the SCLx pin
will remain in its last state.
Table 20-3 demonstrates clock rates based on
instruction cycles and the BRG value loaded into
SSPxADD.
20.4.7.1 Baud Rate and Module
Interdependence
Because MSSP1 and MSSP2 are independent, they
can operate simultaneously in I2C Master mode at
different baud rates. This is done by using different
BRG reload values for each module.
Because this mode derives its basic clock source from
the system clock, any changes to the clock will affect
both modules in the same proportion. It may be
possible to change one or both baud rates back to a
previous value by changing the BRG reload value.
FIGURE 20-19: BAUD RATE GENER ATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM
TABLE 20-3: I2C™ CLOCK RATE w/BRG
FOSC BRG Value FSCL
(2 Rollovers of BRG)
41.667 MHz 19h 400 kHz(1)
41.667 MHz 67h 100 kHz
31.25 MHz 13h 400 kHz(1)
31.25 MHz 4Dh 100 kHz
20.833 MHz 09h 400 kHz(1)
20.833 MHz 33h 100 kHz
Note 1: The I2C™ interface does not conform to the 400 kHz I2C specification (which applies to rates greater than
100 kHz) in all details, but may be used with care where higher rates are required by the application.
SSPM<3:0>
BRG Down Counter
CLKO FOSC/4
SSPxADD<6:0>
SSPM<3:0>
SCLx
Reload
Control
Reload
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20.4.7.2 Clock Arbitration
Clock arbitration occurs when the master, during any
receive, transmit or Repeated Start/Stop condition,
deasserts the SCLx pin (SCLx allowed to float high).
When the SCLx pin is allowed to float high, the Baud
Rate Generator (BRG) is suspended from counting
until the SCLx pin is actually sampled high. When the
SCLx pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is
reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and
begins counting. This ensures that the SCLx high time
will always be at least one BRG rollover count in the
event that the clock is held low by an external device
(Figure 20-20).
FIGURE 20-20: BAUD RATE GENER ATOR TIMING WITH CLOCK ARBITRATION
SDAx
SCLx
SCLx deasserted but slave holds
DX – 1
DX
BRG
SCLx is sampled high, reload takes
place and BRG starts its count
03h 02h 01h 00h (hold off) 03h 02h
Reload
BRG
Value
SCLx low (clock arbitration)
SCLx allowed to transition high
BRG decrements on
Q2 and Q4 cycles
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20.4.8 I2C MASTER MODE START
CONDITION TIMING
To initiate a Start condition, the user sets the Start
Enable bit, SEN (SSPxCON2<0>). If the SDAx and
SCLx pins are sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator
is reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and
starts its count. If SCLx and SDAx are both sampled
high when the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG),
the SDAx pin is driven low. The action of the SDAx
being driven low while SCLx is high is the Start condi-
tion and causes the S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>) to be set.
Following this, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded
with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and resumes its
count. When the Baud Rate Generator times out
(TBRG), the SEN bit (SSPxCON2<0>) will be auto-
matically cleared by hardware. The Baud Rate
Generator is suspended, leaving the SDAx line held
low and the Start condition is complete.
20.4.8.1 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Start sequence
is in progress, the WCOL is set and the contents of the
buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).
FIGURE 20-21: FIRST START BIT TIMING
Note: If, at the beginning of the Start condition,
the SDAx and SCLx pins are already sam-
pled low, or if during the Start condition,
the SCLx line is sampled low before the
SDAx line is driven low, a bus collision
occurs. The Bus Collision Interrupt Flag,
BCLxIF, is set, the Start condition is
aborted and the I2C module is reset into its
Idle state.
Note: Because queueing of events is not
allowed, writing to the lower 5 bits of
SSPxCON2 is disabled until the Start
condition is complete.
SDAx
SCLx
S
TBRG
1st bit 2nd bit
TBRG
SDAx = 1, At completion of Start bit,
SCLx = 1
Write to SSPxBUF occurs here
TBRG
hardware clears SEN bit
TBRG
Write to SEN bit occurs here Set S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>)
and sets SSPxIF bit
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 303
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20.4.9 I2C MASTER MODE REPEATED
START CONDITION TIMING
A Repeated Start condition occurs when the RSEN bit
(SSPxCON2<1>) is programmed high and the I2C logic
module is in the Idle state. When the RSEN bit is set,
the SCLx pin is asserted low. When the SCLx pin is
sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with
the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and begins counting.
The SDAx pin is released (brought high) for one Baud
Rate Generator count (TBRG). When the Baud Rate
Generator times out, if SDAx is sampled high, the SCLx
pin will be deasserted (brought high). When SCLx is
sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded
with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and begins count-
ing. SDAx and SCLx must be sampled high for one
TBRG. This action is then followed by assertion of the
SDAx pin (SDAx = 0) for one TBRG while SCLx is high.
Following this, the RSEN bit (SSPxCON2<1>) will be
automatically cleared and the Baud Rate Generator will
not be reloaded, leaving the SDAx pin held low. As
soon as a Start condition is detected on the SDAx and
SCLx pins, the S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>) will be set. The
SSPxIF bit will not be set until the Baud Rate Generator
has timed out.
Immediately following the SSPxIF bit getting set, the user
may write the SSPxBUF with the 7-bit address in 7-bit
mode or the default first address in 10-bit mode. After the
first eight bits are transmitted and an ACK is received, the
user may then transmit an additional eight bits of address
(10-bit mode) or eight bits of data (7-bit mode).
20.4.9.1 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Repeated Start
sequence is in progress, the WCOL is set and the
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
occur).
FIGURE 20-22: REPEATED START CONDITION WAVEFORM
Note 1: If RSEN is programmed while any other
event is in progress, it will not take effect.
2: A bus collision during the Repeated Start
condition occurs if:
• SDAx is sampled low when SCLx
goes from low-to-high.
• SCLx goes low before SDAx is
asserted low. This may indicate that
another master is attempting to
transmit a data ‘1’.
Note: Because queueing of events is not
allowed, writing of the lower 5 bits of
SSPxCON2 is disabled until the Repeated
Start condition is complete.
SDAx
SCLx
Sr = Repeated Start
Write to SSPxCON2
Write to SSPxBUF occurs here
on falling edge of ninth clock,
end of Xmit
At completion of Start bit,
hardware clears RSEN bit
1st bit
S bit set by hardware
TBRG
TBRG
SDAx = 1,
SDAx = 1,
SCLx (no change)
SCLx = 1
occurs here:
TBRG TBRG
and sets SSPxIF
RSEN bit set by hardware
TBRG
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DS39762F-page 304 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
20.4.10 I2C MASTER MODE
TRANSMISSION
Transmission of a data byte, a 7-bit address or the
other half of a 10-bit address is accomplished by simply
writing a value to the SSPxBUF register. This action will
set the Buffer Full flag bit, BF, and allow the Baud Rate
Generator to begin counting and start the next trans-
mission. Each bit of address/data will be shifted out
onto the SDAx pin after the falling edge of SCLx is
asserted (see data hold time specification
Parameter 106). SCLx is held low for one Baud Rate
Generator rollover count (TBRG). Data should be valid
before SCLx is released high (see data setup time
specification Parameter 107). When the SCLx pin is
released high, it is held that way for TBRG. The data on
the SDAx pin must remain stable for that duration and
some hold time after the next falling edge of SCLx.
After the eighth bit is shifted out (the falling edge of the
eighth clock), the BF flag is cleared and the master
releases SDAx. This allows the slave device being
addressed to respond with an ACK bit during the ninth
bit time if an address match occurred, or if data was
received properly. The status of ACK is written into the
ACKDT bit on the falling edge of the ninth clock. If the
master receives an Acknowledge, the Acknowledge
Status bit, ACKSTAT, is cleared; if not, the bit is set.
After the ninth clock, the SSPxIF bit is set and the
master clock (Baud Rate Generator) is suspended until
the next data byte is loaded into the SSPxBUF, leaving
SCLx low and SDAx unchanged (Figure 20-23).
After the write to the SSPxBUF, each bit of the address
will be shifted out on the falling edge of SCLx until all
seven address bits and the R/W bit are completed. On
the falling edge of the eighth clock, the master will
deassert the SDAx pin, allowing the slave to respond
with an Acknowledge. On the falling edge of the ninth
clock, the master will sample the SDAx pin to see if the
address was recognized by a slave. The status of the
ACK bit is loaded into the ACKSTAT status bit
(SSPxCON2<6>). Following the falling edge of the
ninth clock transmission of the address, the SSPxIF is
set, the BF flag is cleared and the Baud Rate Generator
is turned off until another write to the SSPxBUF takes
place, holding SCLx low and allowing SDAx to float.
20.4.10.1 BF Status Flag
In Transmit mode, the BF bit (SSPxSTAT<0>) is set
when the CPU writes to SSPxBUF, and is cleared when
all 8 bits are shifted out.
20.4.10.2 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes to the SSPxBUF when a transmit is
already in progress (i.e., SSPxSR is still shifting out a
data byte), the WCOL is set and the contents of the buf-
fer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur) after 2 TCY
after the SSPxBUF write. If SSPxBUF is rewritten
within 2 TCY, the WCOL bit is set and SSPxBUF is
updated. This may result in a corrupted transfer.
The user should verify that the WCOL is clear after
each write to SSPxBUF to ensure the transfer is
correct. In all cases, WCOL must be cleared in
software.
20.4.10.3 ACKSTAT Status Flag
In Transmit mode, the ACKSTAT bit (SSPxCON2<6>)
is cleared when the slave has sent an Acknowledge
(ACK =0) and is set when the slave does not Acknowl-
edge (ACK = 1). A slave sends an Acknowledge when
it has recognized its address (including a general call),
or when the slave has properly received its data.
20.4.11 I2C MASTER MODE RECEPTION
Master mode reception is enabled by programming the
Receive Enable bit, RCEN (SSPxCON2<3>).
The Baud Rate Generator begins counting and on each
rollover. The state of the SCLx pin changes
(high-to-low/low-to-high) and data is shifted into the
SSPxSR. After the falling edge of the eighth clock, the
receive enable flag is automatically cleared, the con-
tents of the SSPxSR are loaded into the SSPxBUF, the
BF flag bit is set, the SSPxIF flag bit is set and the Baud
Rate Generator is suspended from counting, holding
SCLx low. The MSSP is now in Idle state awaiting the
next command. When the buffer is read by the CPU,
the BF flag bit is automatically cleared. The user can
then send an Acknowledge bit at the end of reception
by setting the Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit,
ACKEN (SSPxCON2<4>).
20.4.11.1 BF Status Flag
In receive operation, the BF bit is set when an address
or data byte is loaded into SSPxBUF from SSPxSR. It
is cleared when the SSPxBUF register is read.
20.4.11.2 SSPOV Status Flag
In receive operation, the SSPOV bit is set when 8 bits
are received into the SSPxSR and the BF flag bit is
already set from a previous reception.
20.4.11.3 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a receive is
already in progress (i.e., SSPxSR is still shifting in a
data byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the
buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).
Note: The MSSP module must be in an Idle
state before the RCEN bit is set or the
RCEN bit will be disregarded.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 305
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FIGURE 20-23 : I2C™ MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (T RANSMISSION, 7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESS)
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
SEN
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK = 0D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
ACK
Transmitting Data or Second Half
R/W = 0Transmit Address to Slave
123456789 123456789 P
Cleared in software service routine
SSPxBUF is written in software
from MSSP interrupt
After Start condition, SEN cleared by hardware
S
SSPxBUF written with 7-bit address and R/W
start transmit
SCLx held low
while CPU
responds to SSPxIF
SEN = 0
of 10-bit Address
Write SSPxCON2<0> (SEN = 1),
Start condition begins From slave, clear ACKSTAT bit (SSPxCON2<6>)
ACKSTAT in
SSPxCON2 = 1
Cleared in software
SSPxBUF written
PEN
R/W
Cleared in software
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DS39762F-page 306 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 20-24 : I2C™ MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESS)
P
9
87
6
5
D0
D1
D2
D3D4
D5
D6D7
S
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1
SDAx
SCLx 12345678912345678 9 1234
Bus master
terminates
transfer
ACK
Receiving Data from Slave
Receiving Data from Slave
D0
D1
D2
D3D4
D5
D6D7
ACK
R/W = 1
Transmit Address to Slave
SSPxIF
BF
ACK is not sent
Write to SSPxCON2<0> (SEN = 1),
Write to SSPxBUF occurs here, ACK from Slave
Master configured as a receiver
by programming SSPxCON2<3> (RCEN = 1)
PEN bit = 1
written here
Data shifted in on falling edge of CLK
Cleared in software
start XMIT
SEN = 0
SSPOV
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1
while CPU
(SSPxSTAT<0>)
ACK
Cleared in software
Cleared in software
Set SSPxIF interrupt
at end of receive
Set P bit
(SSPxSTAT<4>)
and SSPxIF
ACK from Master,
Set SSPxIF at end
Set SSPxIF interrupt
at end of Acknowledge
sequence
Set SSPxIF interrupt
at end of Acknow-
ledge sequence
of receive
Set ACKEN, start Acknowledge sequence
SDAx = ACKDT = 1
RCEN cleared
automatically
RCEN = 1, start
next receive
Write to SSPxCON2<4>
to start Acknowledge sequence
SDAx = ACKDT (SSPxCON2<5>) = 0
RCEN cleared
automatically
ACKEN
begin Start condition
Cleared in software
SDAx = ACKDT = 0
Last bit is shifted into SSPxSR and
contents are unloaded into SSPxBUF
Cleared in
software
SSPOV is set because
SSPxBUF is still full
responds to SSPxIF
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 307
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20.4.12 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE
TIMING
An Acknowledge sequence is enabled by setting the
Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN
(SSPxCON2<4>). When this bit is set, the SCLx pin is
pulled low and the contents of the Acknowledge data bit
are presented on the SDAx pin. If the user wishes to
generate an Acknowledge, then the ACKDT bit should
be cleared. If not, the user should set the ACKDT bit
before starting an Acknowledge sequence. The Baud
Rate Generator then counts for one rollover period
(TBRG) and the SCLx pin is deasserted (pulled high).
When the SCLx pin is sampled high (clock arbitration),
the Baud Rate Generator counts for TBRG. The SCLx pin
is then pulled low. Following this, the ACKEN bit is auto-
matically cleared, the Baud Rate Generator is turned off
and the MSSP module then goes into Idle mode
(Figure 20-25).
20.4.12.1 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when an Acknowledge
sequence is in progress, then WCOL is set and the
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
occur).
20.4.13 STOP CONDITION TIMING
A Stop bit is asserted on the SDAx pin at the end of a
receive/transmit by setting the Stop Sequence Enable
bit, PEN (SSPxCON2<2>). At the end of a
receive/transmit, the SCLx line is held low after the fall-
ing edge of the ninth clock. When the PEN bit is set, the
master will assert the SDAx line low. When the SDAx
line is sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is
reloaded and counts down to ‘0’. When the Baud Rate
Generator times out, the SCLx pin will be brought high
and one TBRG (Baud Rate Generator rollover count)
later, the SDAx pin will be deasserted. When the SDAx
pin is sampled high while SCLx is high, the P bit
(SSPxSTAT<4>) is set. A TBRG later, the PEN bit is
cleared and the SSPxIF bit is set (Figure 20-26).
20.4.13.1 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Stop sequence
is in progress, then the WCOL bit is set and the
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
occur).
FIGURE 20-25: ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE WAVEFORM
FIGURE 20-26: STOP CONDITION RECEIVE OR TRANSMIT MODE
Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.
SDAx
SCLx
SSPxIF set at
Acknowledge sequence starts here,
write to SSPxCON2 ACKEN automatically cleared
Cleared in
TBRG TBRG
the end of receive
8
ACKEN = 1, ACKDT = 0
D0
9
SSPxIF
software SSPxIF set at the end
of Acknowledge sequence
Cleared in
software
ACK
SCLx
SDAx
SDAx asserted low before rising edge of clock
Write to SSPxCON2,
set PEN
Falling edge of
SCLx = 1 for TBRG, followed by SDAx = 1 for TBRG
9th clock
SCLx brought high after TBRG
Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.
TBRG TBRG
after SDAx sampled high. P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) is set.
TBRG
to setup Stop condition
ACK
P
TBRG
PEN bit (SSPxCON2<2>) is cleared by
hardware and the SSPxIF bit is set
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DS39762F-page 308 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
20.4.14 SLEEP OPERATION
While in Sleep mode, the I2C module can receive
addresses or data and when an address match or
complete byte transfer occurs, wake the processor
from Sleep (if the MSSP interrupt is enabled).
20.4.15 EFFECTS OF A RESET
A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the
current transfer.
20.4.16 MULTI-MASTER MODE
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the
detection of the Start and Stop conditions allows the
determination of when the bus is free. The Stop (P) and
Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the
MSSP module is disabled. Control of the I2C bus may
be taken when the P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) is set, or the
bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. When the
bus is busy, enabling the MSSP interrupt will generate
the interrupt when the Stop condition occurs.
In multi-master operation, the SDAx line must be
monitored for arbitration to see if the signal level is the
expected output level. This check is performed in
hardware with the result placed in the BCLxIF bit.
The states where arbitration can be lost are:
• Address Transfer
• Data Transfer
• A Start Condition
• A Repeated Start Condition
• An Acknowledge Condition
20.4.17 MULTI -MASTER COMMUNICATION,
BUS COLLISION AND BUS
ARBITRATION
Multi-Master mode support is achieved by bus arbitra-
tion. When the master outputs address/data bits onto
the SDAx pin, arbitration takes place when the master
outputs a ‘1’ on SDAx, by letting SDAx float high and
another master asserts a ‘0’. When the SCLx pin floats
high, data should be stable. If the expected data on
SDAx is a ‘1’ and the data sampled on the SDAx
pin = 0, then a bus collision has taken place. The
master will set the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLxIF
and reset the I2C port to its Idle state (Figure 20-27).
If a transmit was in progress when the bus collision
occurred, the transmission is halted, the BF flag is
cleared, the SDAx and SCLx lines are deasserted and
the SSPxBUF can be written to. When the user services
the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C
bus is free, the user can resume communication by
asserting a Start condition.
If a Start, Repeated Start, Stop or Acknowledge condition
was in progress when the bus collision occurred, the
condition is aborted, the SDAx and SCLx lines are
deasserted and the respective control bits in the
SSPxCON2 register are cleared. When the user services
the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C
bus is free, the user can resume communication by
asserting a Start condition.
The master will continue to monitor the SDAx and SCLx
pins. If a Stop condition occurs, the SSPxIF bit will be set.
A write to the SSPxBUF will start the transmission of
data at the first data bit regardless of where the
transmitter left off when the bus collision occurred.
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the
detection of Start and Stop conditions allows the deter-
mination of when the bus is free. Control of the I2C bus
can be taken when the P bit is set in the SSPxSTAT
register, or the bus is Idle and the S and P bits are
cleared.
FIGURE 20-27: BUS COLLISION TIMING FOR TRANSMIT AND ACKNOWLEDGE
SDAx
SCLx
BCLxIF
SDAx released
SDAx line pulled low
by another source
Sample SDAx. While SCLx is high,
data doesn’t match what is driven
Bus collision has occurred.
Set bus collision
interrupt (BCLxIF)
by the master.
by master
Data changes
while SCLx = 0
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20.4.17.1 Bus Collision During a Start
Condition
During a Start condition, a bus collision occurs if:
a) SDAx or SCLx are sampled low at the beginning
of the Start condition (Figure 20-28).
b) SCLx is sampled low before SDAx is asserted
low (Figure 20-29).
During a Start condition, both the SDAx and the SCLx
pins are monitored.
If the SDAx pin is already low, or the SCLx pin is
already low, then all of the following occur:
• the Start condition is aborted;
• the BCLxIF flag is set; and
• the MSSP module is reset to its Idle state
(Figure 20-28).
The Start condition begins with the SDAx and SCLx
pins deasserted. When the SDAx pin is sampled high,
the Baud Rate Generator is loaded from
SSPxADD<6:0> and counts down to 0. If the SCLx pin
is sampled low while SDAx is high, a bus collision
occurs, because it is assumed that another master is
attempting to drive a data ‘1’ during the Start condition.
If the SDAx pin is sampled low during this count, the
BRG is reset and the SDAx line is asserted early
(Figure 20-30). If, however, a ‘1’ is sampled on the
SDAx pin, the SDAx pin is asserted low at the end of
the BRG count. The Baud Rate Generator is then
reloaded and counts down to 0. If the SCLx pin is
sampled as ‘0’ during this time, a bus collision does not
occur. At the end of the BRG count, the SCLx pin is
asserted low.
FIGURE 20-28: BUS COLLISION DURING ST ART CONDITION (SDAx ONLY)
Note: The reason that bus collision is not a fac-
tor during a Start condition is that no two
bus masters can assert a Start condition
at the exact same time. Therefore, one
master will always assert SDAx before the
other. This condition does not cause a bus
collision because the two masters must be
allowed to arbitrate the first address
following the Start condition. If the address
is the same, arbitration must be allowed to
continue into the data portion, Repeated
Start or Stop conditions.
SDAx
SCLx
SEN
SDAx sampled low before
SDAx goes low before the SEN bit is set.
S bit and SSPxIF set because
MSSP module reset into Idle state.
SEN cleared automatically because of bus collision.
S bit and SSPxIF set because
Set SEN, enable Start
condition if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1.
BCLxIF
S
SSPxIF
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1.
SSPxIF and BCLxIF are
cleared in software
SSPxIF and BCLxIF are
cleared in software
Set BCLxIF,
Start condition. Set BCLxIF.
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FIGURE 20-29: BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SCLx = 0)
FIGURE 20-30: BRG RESET DUE TO SDAx ARBITRATION DURING START CONDITION
SDAx
SCLx
SEN bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF.
SCLx = 0 before SDAx = 0,
Set SEN, enable Start
sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1
TBRG TBRG
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1
BCLxIF
S
SSPxIF
Interrupt cleared
in software
bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF.
SCLx = 0 before BRG time-out,
‘0’‘0’
‘0’‘0’
SDAx
SCLx
SEN
Set S
Less than TBRG TBRG
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1
BCLxIF
S
SSPxIF
S
Interrupts cleared
in software
set SSPxIF
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1,
SCLx pulled low after BRG
time-out
Set SSPxIF
‘0’
SDAx pulled low by other master.
Reset BRG and assert SDAx.
Set SEN, enable Start
sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1
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20.4.17.2 Bus Collision During a Repeated
Start Condition
During a Repeated Start condition, a bus collision
occurs if:
a) A low level is sampled on SDAx when SCLx
goes from low level to high level.
b) SCLx goes low before SDAx is asserted low,
indicating that another master is attempting to
transmit a data ‘1’.
When the user deasserts SDAx and the pin is allowed
to float high, the BRG is loaded with SSPxADD<6:0>
and counts down to 0. The SCLx pin is then deasserted
and when sampled high, the SDAx pin is sampled.
If SDAx is low, a bus collision has occurred (i.e., another
master is attempting to transmit a data ‘0’, see
Figure 20-31). If SDAx is sampled high, the BRG is
reloaded and begins counting. If SDAx goes from
high-to-low before the BRG times out, no bus collision
occurs because no two masters can assert SDAx at
exactly the same time.
If SCLx goes from high-to-low before the BRG times
out and SDAx has not already been asserted, a bus
collision occurs. In this case, another master is
attempting to transmit a data ‘1’ during the Repeated
Start condition (see Figure 20-32).
If, at the end of the BRG time-out, both SCLx and SDAx
are still high, the SDAx pin is driven low and the BRG
is reloaded and begins counting. At the end of the
count, regardless of the status of the SCLx pin, the
SCLx pin is driven low and the Repeated Start
condition is complete.
FIGURE 20-31: BUS COLLISION DURING A REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 1)
FIGURE 20-32: BUS COLLISION DURING REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 2)
SDAx
SCLx
RSEN
BCLxIF
S
SSPxIF
Sample SDAx when SCLx goes high.
If SDAx = 0, set BCLxIF and release SDAx and SCLx.
Cleared in software
‘0’
‘0’
SDAx
SCLx
BCLxIF
RSEN
S
SSPxIF
Interrupt cleared
in software
SCLx goes low before SDAx,
set BCLxIF. Release SDAx and SCLx.
TBRG TBRG
‘0’
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DS39762F-page 312 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
20.4.17.3 Bus Collision During a Stop
Condition
Bus collision occurs during a Stop condition if:
a) After the SDAx pin has been deasserted and
allowed to float high, SDAx is sampled low after
the BRG has timed out.
b) After the SCLx pin is deasserted, SCLx is
sampled low before SDAx goes high.
The Stop condition begins with SDAx asserted low.
When SDAx is sampled low, the SCLx pin is allowed to
float. When the pin is sampled high (clock arbitration),
the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with
SSPxADD<6:0> and counts down to 0. After the BRG
times out, SDAx is sampled. If SDAx is sampled low, a
bus collision has occurred. This is due to another
master attempting to drive a data ‘0’ (Figure 20-33). If
the SCLx pin is sampled low before SDAx is allowed to
float high, a bus collision occurs. This is another case
of another master attempting to drive a data ‘0’
(Figure 20-34).
FIGURE 20-33: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 1)
FIGURE 20-34: BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 2)
SDAx
SCLx
BCLxIF
PEN
P
SSPxIF
TBRG TBRG TBRG
SDAx asserted low
SDAx sampled
low after TBRG,
set BCLxIF
‘0’
‘0’
SDAx
SCLx
BCLxIF
PEN
P
SSPxIF
TBRG TBRG TBRG
Assert SDAx SCLx goes low before SDAx goes high,
set BCLxIF
‘0’
‘0’
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TABLE 20-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2C™ OPERATION
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF ETHIF rBCL1IF—TMR3IF CCP2IF 71
PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE ETHIE rBCL1IE—TMR3IE CCP2IE 71
IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP ETHIP rBCL1IP—TMR3IP CCP2IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF(1) BCL2IF(1) RC2IF TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE(1) BCL2IE(1) RC2IE TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP(1) BCL2IP(1) RC2IP TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
TRISC TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0 71
TRISD TRISD7 TRISD6(1) TRISD5(1) TRISD4 TRISD3 TRISD2 TRISD1 TRISD0 71
SSP1BUF MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 70
SSP1ADD MSSP1 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode), MSSP1 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode) 73
SSP1CON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 70
SSP1CON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN 70
GCEN ACKSTAT ADMSK5(2) ADMSK4(2) ADMSK3(2) ADMSK2(2) ADMSK1(2) SEN 70
SSP1STAT SMP CKE D/A PSR/WUA BF 70
SSP2BUF MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register 70
SSP2ADD MSSP2 Address Register (I2C Slave mode), MSSP2 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode) 73
SSP2CON1 WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 73
SSP2CON2 GCEN ACKSTAT ACKDT ACKEN RCEN PEN RSEN SEN 73
GCEN ACKSTAT ADMSK5(2) ADMSK4(2) ADMSK3(2) ADMSK2(2) ADMSK1(2) SEN 73
SSP2STAT SMP CKE D/A PSR/WUA BF 73
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved. Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP module in I2C™ mode.
Note 1: These bits are only available in 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’.
2: Alternate bit definitions in I2C™ Slave mode.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 314 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 315
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
21.0 ENHANCED UNIVER SA L
SYNCHRONOUS
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER
TRANSMITTER (EUSART)
The Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module is one of two
serial I/O modules. (Generically, the EUSART is also
known as a Serial Communications Interface or SCI.)
The EUSART can be configured as a full-duplex
asynchronous system that can communicate with
peripheral devices, such as CRT terminals and
personal computers. It can also be configured as a
half-duplex synchronous system that can communicate
with peripheral devices, such as A/D or D/A integrated
circuits, serial EEPROMs, etc.
The Enhanced USART module implements additional
features, including automatic baud rate detection and
calibration, automatic wake-up on Sync Break reception
and 12-bit Break character transmit. These features
make it ideally suited for use in Local Interconnect
Network bus (LIN/J2602 bus) systems.
The 64-pin devices of the PIC18F97J60 family are
equipped with one EUSART module, referred to as
EUSART1. The 80-pin and 100-pin devices each have
two independent EUSART modules, referred to as
EUSART1 and EUSART2. They can be configured in
the following modes:
• Asynchronous (full-duplex) with:
- Auto-Wake-up on Character Reception
- Auto-Baud Calibration
- 12-Bit Break Character Transmission
• Synchronous – Master (half-duplex) with
Selectable Clock Polarity
• Synchronous – Slave (half-duplex) with
Selectable Clock Polarity
The pins of EUSART1 and EUSART2 are multiplexed
with the functions of PORTC (RC6/TX1/CK1 and
RC7/RX1/DT1) and PORTG (RG1/TX2/CK2 and
RG2/RX2/DT2), respectively. In order to configure
these pins as an EUSART:
• For EUSART1:
- SPEN bit (RCSTA1<7>) must be set (= 1)
- TRISC<7> bit must be set (= 1)
- TRISC<6> bit must be cleared (= 0) for
Asynchronous and Synchronous Master
modes
- TRISC<6> bit must be set (= 1) for
Synchronous Slave mode
• For EUSART2:
- SPEN bit (RCSTA2<7>) must be set (= 1)
- TRISG<2> bit must be set (= 1)
- TRISG<1> bit must be cleared (= 0) for
Asynchronous and Synchronous Master
modes
- TRISG<1> bit must be set (= 1) for
Synchronous Slave mode
The operation of each Enhanced USART module is
controlled through three registers:
• Transmit Status and Control (TXSTAx)
• Receive Status and Control (RCSTAx)
• Baud Rate Control (BAUDCONx)
These are detailed on the following pages in
Register 21-1, Register 21-2 and Register 21-3,
respectively.
Note: The EUSARTx control will automatically
reconfigure the pin from input to output as
needed.
Note: Throughout this section, references to
register and bit names that may be asso-
ciated with a specific EUSART module are
referred to generically by the use of ‘x’ in
place of the specific module number.
Thus, “RCSTAx” might refer to the
Receive Status register for either
EUSART1 or EUSART2.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 316 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 21-1: TXSTAx: TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER x
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R/W-0
CSRC TX9 TXEN(1) SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 CSRC: Clock Source Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
Don’t care.
Synchronous mode:
1 = Master mode (clock generated internally from BRG)
0 = Slave mode (clock from external source)
bit 6 TX9: 9-Bit Transmit Enable bit
1 = Selects 9-bit transmission
0 = Selects 8-bit transmission
bit 5 TXEN: Transmit Enable bit(1)
1 = Transmit is enabled
0 = Transmit is disabled
bit 4 SYNC: EUSARTx Mode Select bit
1 = Synchronous mode
0 = Asynchronous mode
bit 3 SENDB: Send Break Character bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = Send Sync Break on next transmission (cleared by hardware upon completion)
0 = Sync Break transmission is completed
Synchronous mode:
Don’t care.
bit 2 BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = High speed
0 = Low speed
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1 TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit
1 = TSR is empty
0 = TSR is full
bit 0 TX9D: 9th bit of Transmit Data
Can be address/data bit or a parity bit.
Note 1: SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in Sync mode.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 317
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REGISTER 21-2: RCSTAx: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER x
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-x
SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit
1 = Serial port is enabled (configures RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx pins as serial port pins)
0 = Serial port is disabled (held in Reset)
bit 6 RX9: 9-Bit Receive Enable bit
1 = Selects 9-bit reception
0 = Selects 8-bit reception
bit 5 SREN: Single Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
Don’t care.
Synchronous mode – Master:
1 = Enables single receive
0 = Disables single receive
This bit is cleared after reception is complete.
Synchronous mode – Slave:
Don’t care.
bit 4 CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = Enables receiver
0 = Disables receiver
Synchronous mode:
1 = Enables continuous receive until enable bit, CREN, is cleared (CREN overrides SREN)
0 = Disables continuous receive
bit 3 ADDEN: Address Detect Enable bit
9-Bit Asynchronous mode (RX9 = 1):
1 = Enables address detection, enables interrupt and loads the receive buffer when RSR<8> is set
0 = Disables address detection, all bytes are received and ninth bit can be used as parity bit
9-Bit Asynchronous mode (RX9 = 0):
Don’t care.
bit 2 FERR: Framing Error bit
1 = Framing error (can be updated by reading RCREGx register and receiving next valid byte)
0 = No framing error
bit 1 OERR: Overrun Error bit
1 = Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit, CREN)
0 = No overrun error
bit 0 RX9D: 9th bit of Received Data
This can be an address/data bit or a parity bit and must be calculated by user firmware.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 318 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 21-3: BAUDCONx: BAUD RATE CONTROL REGISTER x
R/W-0 R-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 ABDOVF: Auto-Baud Acquisition Rollover Status bit
1 = A BRG rollover has occurred during Auto-Baud Rate Detect mode (must be cleared in software)
0 = No BRG rollover has occurred
bit 6 RCIDL: Receive Operation Idle Status bit
1 = Receive operation is Idle
0 = Receive operation is active
bit 5 RXDTP: Received Data Polarity Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = Receive data (RXx) is inverted. Idle state is a low level.
0 = No inversion of receive data (RXx). Idle state is a high level.
Synchronous modes:
1 = Data (DTx) is inverted; Idle state is a low level
0 = No inversion of data (DTx); Idle state is a high level
bit 4 TXCKP: Clock and Data Polarity Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = Transmit data (TXx) is inverted; Idle state is a low level
0 = No inversion of transmit data (TXx); Idle state is a high level
Synchronous modes:
1 = Idle state for clock (CKx) is a high level
0 = Idle state for clock (CKx) is a low level
bit 3 BRG16: 16-Bit Baud Rate Register Enable bit
1 = 16-bit Baud Rate Generator – SPBRGHx and SPBRGx
0 = 8-bit Baud Rate Generator – SPBRGx only, SPBRGHx value ignored (Compatible mode)
bit 2 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1 WUE: Wake-up Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = EUSARTx will continue to sample the RXx pin – interrupt generated on falling edge; bit cleared in
hardware on following rising edge
0 = RXx pin not monitored or rising edge detected
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 0 ABDEN: Auto-Baud Detect Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1 = Enable baud rate measurement on the next character. Requires reception of a Sync field (55h);
cleared in hardware upon completion.
0 = Baud rate measurement disabled or completed
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 319
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
21.1 Baud Rate Generator (BRG)
The BRG is a dedicated, 8-bit or 16-bit generator that
supports both the Asynchronous and Synchronous
modes of the EUSARTx. By default, the BRG operates
in 8-bit mode; setting the BRG16 bit (BAUDCONx<3>)
selects 16-bit mode.
The SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair controls the period
of a free-running timer. In Asynchronous mode, bits
BRGH (TXSTAx<2>) and BRG16 (BAUDCONx<3>) also
control the baud rate. In Synchronous mode, BRGH is
ignored. Table 21-1 shows the formula for computation of
the baud rate for different EUSARTx modes which only
apply in Master mode (internally generated clock).
Given the desired baud rate and FOSC, the nearest
integer value for the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers can
be calculated using the formulas in Tab le 2 1- 1 . From this,
the error in baud rate can be determined. An example
calculation is shown in Example 21-1. Typical baud rates
and error values for the various Asynchronous modes
are shown in Ta b l e 2 1 - 2 . It may be advantageous to use
the high baud rate (BRGH = 1), or the 16-bit BRG to
reduce the baud rate error, or achieve a slow baud rate
for a fast oscillator frequency.
Writing a new value to the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx regis-
ters causes the BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This
ensures that the BRG does not wait for a timer overflow
before outputting the new baud rate.
21.1.1 OPERATION IN POWER-MANAGED
MODES
The device clock is used to generate the desired baud
rate. When one of the power-managed modes is
entered, the new clock source may be operating at a
different frequency. This may require an adjustment to
the value in the SPBRGx register pair.
21.1.2 SAMPLING
The data on the RXx pin (either RC7/RX1/DT1 or
RG2/RX2/DT2) is sampled three times by a majority
detect circuit to determine if a high or a low level is
present at the RXx pin.
TABLE 21-1: BAUD RATE FORMULAS
Configuration Bits BRG/EUSARTx Mode Baud Rate Formula
SYNC BRG16 BRGH
000 8-bit/Asynchronous FOSC/[64 (n + 1)]
001 8-bit/Asynchronous FOSC/[16 (n + 1)]
010 16-bit/Asynchronous
011 16-bit/Asynchronous
FOSC/[4 (n + 1)]10x 8-bit/Synchronous
11x 16-bit/Synchronous
Legend: x = Don’t care, n = value of SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 320 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
EQUATION 21-1: CALCULATING BAUD RATE ERROR
TABLE 21-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BAUD RATE GENERATOR
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values
on Pag e:
TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 71
RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 71
BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 72
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 72
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 72
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the BRG.
For a device wit h FOSC of 16 MHz, desire d baud rate of 960 0, Asynchronous mode, 8-b it BRG:
Desired B aud Rate = FOSC/(64 ([SPBRGHx:SPBRGx] + 1))
Solving for SPBRGHx:SPBRGx:
X = ((FOSC/Desired Baud Rate)/64) – 1
= ((16000000/ 96 00 ) /64) – 1
= [25.042] = 25
Calcu lated Baud Rate=160 00000/ ( 64 (25 + 1))
= 9615
Error = (Calculated Baud Rate – Desired B aud Rate) /Desired Ba ud Rate
= (9615 – 9600)/9600 = 0. 16%
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 321
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 21-3: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES
BAUD
RATE
(K)
SYNC = 0, BRG16 = 0, BRGH = 0
FOSC = 41.667 MHz FOSC = 31.25 MHz FOSC = 25.000 MHz FOSC = 20.833 MHz
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
0.3————————————
1.2 — — — — — — — — — 1.271 5.96 255
2.4 2.543 5.96 255 2.405 0.22 202 2.396 -0.15 162 2.393 -0.27 135
9.6 9.574 -0.27 67 9.574 -0.27 50 9.527 -0.76 40 9.574 -0.27 33
19.2 19.148 -0.27 33 19.531 1.73 24 19.531 1.73 19 19.147 -0.27 16
57.6 59.186 2.75 10 61.035 5.96 7 55.804 -3.12 6 54.253 -5.81 5
115.2 108.508 -5.81 5 122.070 5.96 3 130.208 13.03 2 108.505 -5.81 2
BAUD
RATE
(K)
SYNC = 0, BRG16 = 0, BRGH = 0
FOSC = 13.889 MHz FOSC = 6.250 MHz FOSC = 4.167 MHz
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
0.3 — — — — — — 0.300 0.01 216
1.2 1.198 -0.08 180 1.206 0.47 80 1.206 0.48 53
2.4 2.411 0.47 89 2.382 -0.76 40 2.411 0.48 26
9.6 9.435 -1.71 22 9.766 1.73 9 9.301 -3.11 6
19.2 19.279 2.75 10 19.531 1.73 4 21.703 13.04 2
57.6 54.254 -5.81 3 48.828 -15.23 1 65.109 13.04 0
115.2 108.508 -5.81 1 97.656 -15.23 0 65.109 -43.48 0
BAUD
RATE
(K)
SYNC = 0, BRG16 = 0, BRGH = 1
FOSC = 41.667 MHz FOSC = 31.25 MHz FOSC = 25.000 MHz FOSC = 20.833 MHz
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
0.3————————————
1.2————————————
2.4————————————
9.6 10.172 5.96 255 9.621 0.22 202 9.586 -0.15 162 9.573 -0.27 135
19.2 19.148 -0.27 135 19.148 -0.27 101 19.290 0.47 80 19.147 -0.27 67
57.6 57.871 0.47 44 57.445 -0.27 33 57.870 0.47 26 56.611 -1.72 22
115.2 113.226 -1.71 22 114.890 -0.27 16 111.607 -3.12 13 118.369 2.75 10
BAUD
RATE
(K)
SYNC = 0, BRG16 = 0, BRGH = 1
FOSC = 13.889 MHz FOSC = 6.250 MHz FOSC = 4.167 MHz
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
0.3—————————
1.2 — — — — — — 1.200 0.01 216
2.4 — — — 2.396 -0.15 162 2.389 -0.44 108
9.6 9.645 0.47 89 9.527 -0.76 40 9.645 0.48 26
19.2 19.290 0.47 44 19.531 1.73 19 18.603 -3.11 13
57.6 57.871 0.47 14 55.804 -3.12 6 52.088 -9.57 4
115.2 108.508 -5.81 7 130.208. 13.03 2 130.219 13.04 1
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 322 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
BAUD
RATE
(K)
SYNC = 0, BRG16 = 1, BRGH = 0
FOSC = 41.667 MHz FOSC = 31.25 MHz FOSC = 25.000 MHz FOSC = 20.833 MHz
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
0.3 0.300 0.00 8680 0.300 0.00 6509 0.300 0.01 5207 0.300 0.00 4339
1.2 1.200 0.01 2169 1.200 -0.02 1627 1.200 0.01 1301 1.200 0.00 1084
2.4 2.400 0.01 1084 2.399 -0.02 813 2.400 0.01 650 2.398 -0.09 542
9.6 9.609 0.10 270 9.621 0.22 202 9.586 -0.15 162 9.574 -0.27 135
19.2 19.148 -0.27 135 19.148 -0.27 101 19.290 0.47 80 19.148 -0.27 67
57.6 57.871 0.47 44 57.444 -0.27 33 57.870 0.47 26 56.611 -1.72 22
115.2 113.226 -1.71 22 114.890 -0.27 16 111.607 -3.12 13 118.369 2.75 10
BAUD
RATE
(K)
SYNC = 0, BRG16 = 1, BRGH = 0
FOSC = 13.889 MHz FOSC = 6.250 MHz FOSC = 4.167 MHz
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
0.3 0.300 -0.02 2893 0.300 0.01 1301 0.300 0.01 867
1.2 1.201 0.05 722 1.198 -0.15 325 1.200 0.01 216
2.4 2.398 -0.08 361 2.396 -0.15 162 2.389 -0.44 108
9.6 9.645 0.47 89 9.527 -0.76 40 9.646 0.48 26
19.2 19.290 0.47 44 19.531 1.73 19 18.603 -3.11 13
57.6 57.871 0.47 14 55.804 -3.12 6 52.088 -9.57 4
115.2 108.508 -5.81 7 130.208 13.03 2 130.218 13.04 1
BAUD
RATE
(K)
SYNC = 0, BRG16 = 1, BRGH = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1
FOSC = 41.667 MHz FOSC = 31.25 MHz FOSC = 25.000 MHz FOSC = 20.833 MHz
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
0.3 0.300 0.00 34722 0.300 0.00 26041 0.300 0.00 20832 0.300 0.00 17360
1.2 1.200 0.00 8680 1.200 0.01 6509 1.200 0.01 5207 1.200 0.00 4339
2.4 2.400 0.01 4339 2.400 0.01 3254 2.400 0.01 2603 2.400 0.00 2169
9.6 9.601 0.01 1084 9.598 -0.02 813 9.601 0.01 650 9.592 -0.09 542
19.2 19.184 -0.08 542 19.195 -0.02 406 19.172 -0.15 325 19.219 0.10 270
57.6 57.551 -0.08 180 57.445 -0.27 135 57.339 -0.45 108 57.869 0.47 89
115.2 115.742 0.47 89 114.890 -0.27 67 115.741 0.47 53 115.739 0.47 44
BAUD
RATE
(K)
SYNC = 0, BRG16 = 1, BRGH = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1
FOSC = 13.889 MHz FOSC = 6.250 MHz FOSC = 4.167 MHz
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
Actual
Rate (K) %
Error
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
0.3 0.300 0.00 11573 0.300 0.01 5207 0.300 -0.01 3472
1.2 1.200 -0.02 2893 1.200 0.01 1301 1.200 0.01 867
2.4 2.400 -0.02 1446 2.400 0.01 650 2.400 0.01 433
9.6 9.592 -0.08 361 9.586 -0.15 162 9.557 -0.44 108
19.2 19.184 -0.08 180 19.290 0.47 80 19.292 0.48 53
57.6 57.870 0.47 59 57.870 0.47 26 57.875 0.48 17
115.2 115.742 0.47 29 111.607 -3.12 13 115.750 0.48 8
TABLE 21-3: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 323
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21.1.3 AUTO-BAUD RATE DETECT
The Enhanced USARTx module supports the
automatic detection and calibration of baud rate. This
feature is active only in Asynchronous mode and while
the WUE bit is clear.
The automatic baud rate measurement sequence
(Figure 21-1) begins whenever a Start bit is received
and the ABDEN bit is set. The calculation is
self-averaging.
In the Auto-Baud Rate Detect (ABD) mode, the clock to
the BRG is reversed. Rather than the BRG clocking the
incoming RXx signal, the RXx signal is timing the BRG.
In ABD mode, the internal Baud Rate Generator is
used as a counter to time the bit period of the incoming
serial byte stream.
Once the ABDEN bit is set, the state machine will clear
the BRG and look for a Start bit. The Auto-Baud Rate
Detect must receive a byte with the value 55h (ASCII
“U”, which is also the LIN/J2602 bus Sync character) in
order to calculate the proper bit rate. The measurement
is taken over both a low and high bit time in order to min-
imize any effects caused by asymmetry of the incoming
signal. After a Start bit, the SPBRGx begins counting up,
using the preselected clock source on the first rising
edge of RXx. After eight bits on the RXx pin or the fifth
rising edge, an accumulated value totalling the proper
BRG period is left in the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register
pair. Once the 5th edge is seen (this should correspond
to the Stop bit), the ABDEN bit is automatically cleared.
If a rollover of the BRG occurs (an overflow from FFFFh
to 0000h), the event is trapped by the ABDOVF status
bit (BAUDCONx<7>). It is set in hardware by BRG roll-
overs and can be set or cleared by the user in software.
ABD mode remains active after rollover events and the
ABDEN bit remains set (Figure 21-2).
While calibrating the baud rate period, the BRG registers
are clocked at 1/8th the preconfigured clock rate. Note
that the BRG clock will be configured by the BRG16 and
BRGH bits. Independent of the BRG16 bit setting, both
the SPBRGx and SPBRGHx will be used as a 16-bit
counter. This allows the user to verify that no carry
occurred for 8-bit modes by checking for 00h in the
SPBRGHx register. Refer to Table 21-4 for counter clock
rates to the BRG.
While the ABD sequence takes place, the EUSARTx
state machine is held in Idle. The RCxIF interrupt is set
once the fifth rising edge on RXx is detected. The value
in the RCREGx needs to be read to clear the RCxIF
interrupt. The contents of RCREGx should be
discarded.
TABLE 21-4: BRG COUNTER
CLOCK RATES
21.1.3.1 ABD and EUSARTx Transmission
Since the BRG clock is reversed during ABD acquisition,
the EUSARTx transmitter cannot be used during ABD.
This means that whenever the ABDEN bit is set,
TXREGx cannot be written to. Users should also ensure
that ABDEN does not become set during a transmit
sequence. Failing to do this may result in unpredictable
EUSARTx operation.
Note 1: If the WUE bit is set with the ABDEN bit,
Auto-Baud Rate Detection will occur on
the byte following the Break character.
2: It is up to the user to determine that the
incoming character baud rate is within the
range of the selected BRG clock source.
Some combinations of oscillator
frequency and EUSARTx baud rates are
not possible due to bit error rates. Overall
system timing and communication baud
rates must be taken into consideration
when using the Auto-Baud Rate Detection
feature.
BRG16 BRGH BRG Counter Clock
00 FOSC/512
01 FOSC/128
10 FOSC/128
11 FOSC/32
Note: During the ABD sequence, SPBRGx and
SPBRGHx are both used as a 16-bit counter,
independent of the BRG16 setting.
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FIGURE 21-1: AUTOMATIC BAUD RATE CALCULATION
FIGURE 21-2: BRG OVERFLOW SEQUENCE
BRG Value
RXx pin
ABDEN bit
RCxIF bit
Bit 0 Bit 1
(Interrupt)
Read
RCREGx
BRG Clock
Start
Auto-Cleared
Set by User
XXXXh 0000h
Edge #1
Bit 2 Bit 3
Edge #2
Bit 4 Bit 5
Edge #3
Bit 6 Bit 7
Edge #4
001Ch
Note: The ABD sequence requires the EUSARTx module to be configured in Asynchronous mode and WUE = 0.
SPBRGx XXXXh 1Ch
SPBRGHx XXXXh 00h
Edge #5
Stop Bit
Start Bit 0
XXXXh 0000h 0000h
FFFFh
BRG Clock
ABDEN bit
RXx pin
ABDOVF bit
BRG Value
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21.2 EUSARTx Asynchronous Mode
The Asynchronous mode of operation is selected by
clearing the SYNC bit (TXSTAx<4>). In this mode, the
EUSARTx uses standard Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ)
format (one Start bit, eight or nine data bits and one
Stop bit). The most common data format is 8 bits. An
on-chip, dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud Rate Generator
can be used to derive standard baud rate frequencies
from the oscillator.
The EUSARTx transmits and receives the LSb first.
The EUSARTx module’s transmitter and receiver are
functionally independent but use the same data format
and baud rate. The Baud Rate Generator produces a
clock, either x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate, depending
on the BRGH and BRG16 bits (TXSTAx<2> and
BAUDCONx<3>). Parity is not supported by the
hardware but can be implemented in software and
stored as the 9th data bit.
The TXCKP (BAUDCONx<4>) and RXDTP
(BAUDCONx<5>) bits allow the TXx and RXx signals
to be inverted (polarity reversed). Devices that buffer
signals between TTL and RS-232 levels also invert the
signal. Setting the TXCKP and RXDTP bits allows for
the use of circuits that provide buffering without
inverting the signal.
When operating in Asynchronous mode, the EUSARTx
module consists of the following important elements:
• Baud Rate Generator
• Sampling Circuit
• Asynchronous Transmitter
• Asynchronous Receiver
• Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character
• 12-Bit Break Character Transmit
• Auto-Baud Rate Detection
21.2.1 EUSARTx ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMITTER
The EUSARTx transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 21-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,
TXREGx. The TXREGx register is loaded with data in
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the Stop
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As
soon as the Stop bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREGx register (if available).
Once the TXREGx register transfers the data to the
TSR register (occurs in one T
CY), the TXREGx register
is empty and the TXxIF flag bit is set. This interrupt can
be enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the inter-
rupt enable bit, TXxIE. TXxIF will be set regardless of
the state of TXxIE; it cannot be cleared in software.
TXxIF is also not cleared immediately upon loading
TXREGx, but becomes valid in the second instruction
cycle following the load instruction. Polling TXxIF,
immediately following a load of TXREGx, will return
invalid results.
While TXxIF indicates the status of the TXREGx regis-
ter, another bit, TRMT (TXSTAx<1>), shows the status
of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which is set
when the TSR register is empty. No interrupt logic is
tied to this bit so the user has to poll this bit in order to
determine if the TSR register is empty.
To set up an Asynchronous Transmission:
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for
the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the
BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve
the desired baud rate.
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
the SYNC bit and setting bit, SPEN.
3. If the signal from the TXx pin is to be inverted,
set the TXCKP bit.
4. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.
5. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set transmit bit,
TX9. Can be used as address/data bit.
6. Enable the transmission by setting the TXEN bit
which will also set bit, TXxIF.
7. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit, TX9D.
8. Load data to the TXREGx register (starts
transmission).
9. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
Note 1: The TSR register is not mapped in data
memory, so it is not available to the user.
2: Flag bit, TXxIF, is set when enable bit
TXEN is set.
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FIGURE 21-3: EUSARTx TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 21-4: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION, TXCKP = 0 (TXx NOT INVERTED)
FIGURE 21-5: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (BACK-TO-BACK), TXCKP = 0
(TXx NOT INVERTED)
TXxIF
TXxIE
Interrupt
TXEN Baud Rate CLK
SPBRGx
Baud Rate Generator TX9D
MSb LSb
Data Bus
TXREGx Register
TSR Register
(8) 0
TX9
TRMT SPEN
TXx pin
Pin Buffer
and Control
8
SPBRGHx
BRG16
TXCKP
Word 1
Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg
Start bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8
Write to TXREGx
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
TXx (pin)
TXxIF bit
(Transmit Buffer
Reg. Empty Flag)
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
1 TCY
Stop bit
Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg.
Write to TXREGx
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
TXx (pin)
TXxIF bit
(Interrupt Reg. Flag)
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
Word 1 Word 2
Word 1 Word 2
Stop bit Start bit
Transmit Shift Reg.
Word 1 Word 2
bit 0 bit 1 bit 7/8 bit 0
Note: This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions.
1 TCY
1 TCY
Start bit
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TABLE 21-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF(1) TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE(1) TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP(1) TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 71
TXREGx EUSARTx Transmit Register 71
TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 71
BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 72
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 72
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 72
Legend: — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous transmission.
Note 1: These bits are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read
as ‘0’.
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21.2.2 EUSARTx ASYNCHRONOUS
RECEIVER
The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 21-6.
The data is received on the RXx pin and drives the data
recovery block. The data recovery block is actually a
high-speed shifter operating at x16 times the baud rate,
whereas the main receive serial shifter operates at the
bit rate or at FOSC. This mode would typically be used
in RS-232 systems.
The RXDTP bit (BAUDCON<5>) allows the RXx signal
to be inverted (polarity reversed). Devices that buffer
signals from RS-232 to TTL levels also perform an inver-
sion of the signal (when RS-232 = positive, TTL = 0).
Inverting the polarity of the RXx pin data by setting the
RXDTP bit allows for the use of circuits that provide
buffering without inverting the signal.
To set up an Asynchronous Reception:
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for
the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the
BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve
the desired baud rate.
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
the SYNC bit and setting bit, SPEN.
3. If the signal at the RXx pin is to be inverted, set
the RXDTP bit.
4. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.
5. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.
6. Enable the reception by setting bit, CREN.
7. Flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when reception is
complete and an interrupt will be generated if
enable bit, RCxIE, was set.
8. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
9. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREGx register.
10. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
enable bit, CREN.
11. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
21.2.3 SETTING UP 9-BIT MODE WITH
ADDRESS DETECT
This mode would typically be used in RS-485 systems.
To set up an Asynchronous Reception with Address
Detect Enable:
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for
the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the
BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve
the desired baud rate.
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
the SYNC bit and setting the SPEN bit.
3. If the signal at the RXx pin is to be inverted, set
the RXDTP bit. If the signal from the TXx pin is
to be inverted, set the TXCKP bit.
4. If interrupts are required, set the RCEN bit and
select the desired priority level with the RCxIP bit.
5. Set the RX9 bit to enable 9-bit reception.
6. Set the ADDEN bit to enable address detect.
7. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit.
8. The RCxIF bit will be set when reception is
complete. The interrupt will be Acknowledged if
the RCxIE and GIE bits are set.
9. Read the RCSTAx register to determine if any
error occurred during reception, as well as read
Bit 9 of data (if applicable).
10. Read RCREGx to determine if the device is
being addressed.
11. If any error occurred, clear the CREN bit.
12. If the device has been addressed, clear the
ADDEN bit to allow all received data into the
receive buffer and interrupt the CPU.
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FIGURE 21-6: EUSARTx RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 21-7: ASYNCHRON OUS RECEPTION, RXDTP = 0 (RXx NOT INVERTED)
TABLE 21-6: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF(1) TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE(1) TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP(1) TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 71
RCREGx EUSARTx Receive Register 71
TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 71
BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 — WUE ABDEN 72
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 72
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 72
Legend: — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception.
Note 1: These bits are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’.
x64 Baud Rate CLK
Baud Rate Generator
RXx
Pin Buffer
and Control
SPEN
Data
Recovery
CREN OERR FERR
RSR Register
MSb LSb
RX9D RCREGx Register
FIFO
Interrupt RCxIF
RCxIE
Data Bus
8
64
16
or
Stop Start(8) 7 1 0
RX9
SPBRGxSPBRGHx
BRG16
or
4
RXDTP
Start
bit bit 7/8bit 1bit 0 bit 7/8 bit 0Stop
bit
Start
bit Start
bitbit 7/8 Stop
bit
RXx (pin)
Rcv Buffer Reg
Rcv Shift Reg
Read Rcv
Buffer Reg
RCREGx
RCxIF
(Interrupt Flag)
OERR bit
CREN
Word 1
RCREGx
Word 2
RCREGx
Stop
bit
Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RXx input. The RCREGx (Receive Buffer) is read after the third word,
causing the OERR (Overrun Error) bit to be set.
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21.2.4 AUTO-WAKE-UP ON SYNC BREAK
CHARACTER
During Sleep mode, all clocks to the EUSARTx are
suspended. Because of this, the Baud Rate Generator
is inactive and a proper byte reception cannot be per-
formed. The auto-wake-up feature allows the controller
to wake-up due to activity on the RXx/DTx line while the
EUSARTx is operating in Asynchronous mode.
The auto-wake-up feature is enabled by setting the WUE
bit (BAUDCONx<1>). Once set, the typical receive
sequence on RXx/DTx is disabled and the EUSARTx
remains in an Idle state, monitoring for a wake-up event
independent of the CPU mode. A wake-up event consists
of a high-to-low transition on the RXx/DTx line. (This
coincides with the start of a Sync Break or a Wake-up
Signal character for the LIN/J2602 protocol.)
Following a wake-up event, the module generates an
RCxIF interrupt. The interrupt is generated synchro-
nously to the Q clocks in normal operating modes
(Figure 21-8) and asynchronously if the device is in
Sleep mode (Figure 21-9). The interrupt condition is
cleared by reading the RCREGx register.
The WUE bit is automatically cleared once a low-to-high
transition is observed on the RXx line following the
wake-up event. At this point, the EUSARTx module is in
Idle mode and returns to normal operation. This signals
to the user that the Sync Break event is over.
21.2.4.1 Special Considerations Using
Auto-Wake-up
Since auto-wake-up functions by sensing rising edge
transitions on RXx/DTx, information with any state
changes before the Stop bit may signal a false
End-of-Character (EOC) and cause data or framing
errors. To work properly, therefore, the initial character in
the transmission must be all ‘0’s. This can be 00h
(8 bytes) for standard RS-232 devices or 000h (12 bits)
for LIN/J2602 bus.
Oscillator start-up time must also be considered,
especially in applications using oscillators with longer
start-up intervals (i.e., HS or HSPLL mode). The Sync
Break (or Wake-up Signal) character must be of
sufficient length and be followed by a sufficient interval
to allow enough time for the selected oscillator to start
and provide proper initialization of the EUSARTx.
21.2.4.2 Special Considerations Using
the WUE Bit
The timing of WUE and RCxIF events may cause some
confusion when it comes to determining the validity of
received data. As noted, setting the WUE bit places the
EUSARTx in an Idle mode. The wake-up event causes
a receive interrupt by setting the RCxIF bit. The WUE bit
is cleared after this when a rising edge is seen on
RXx/DTx. The interrupt condition is then cleared by
reading the RCREGx register. Ordinarily, the data in
RCREGx will be dummy data and should be discarded.
The fact that the WUE bit has been cleared (or is still
set), and the RCxIF flag is set, should not be used as
an indicator of the integrity of the data in RCREGx.
Users should consider implementing a parallel method
in firmware to verify received data integrity.
To assure that no actual data is lost, check the RCIDL
bit to verify that a receive operation is not in process. If
a receive operation is not occurring, the WUE bit may
then be set just prior to entering the Sleep mode.
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FIGURE 21-8: AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMINGS DURING NORMAL OPERATION
FIGURE 21-9: AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMINGS DURING SLEEP
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1
WUE bit(1)
RXx/DTx Line
RCxIF
Note 1: The EUSARTx remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set.
Bit set by user
Cleared due to user read of RCREGx
Auto-Cleared
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1
WUE bit(2)
RXx/DTx Line
RCxIF
Cleared due to user read of RCREGx
SLEEP Command Executed
Note 1: If the wake-up event requires long oscillator warm-up time, the auto-clear of the WUE bit can occur before the oscillator is ready. This
sequence should not depend on the presence of Q clocks.
2: The EUSARTx remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set.
Sleep Ends
Note 1
Auto-ClearedBit set by user
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21.2.5 BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE
The EUSARTx module has the capability of sending
the special Break character sequences that are
required by the LIN/J2602 bus standard. The Break
character transmit consists of a Start bit, followed by
twelve ‘0’ bits and a Stop bit. The Frame Break charac-
ter is sent whenever the SENDB and TXEN bits
(TXSTAx<3> and TXSTAx<5>) are set while the Trans-
mit Shift Register (TSR) is loaded with data. Note that
the value of data written to TXREGx will be ignored and
all ‘0’s will be transmitted.
The SENDB bit is automatically reset by hardware after
the corresponding Stop bit is sent. This allows the user
to preload the transmit FIFO with the next transmit byte
following the Break character (typically, the Sync
character in the LIN/J2602 support specification).
Note that the data value written to the TXREGx for the
Break character is ignored. The write simply serves the
purpose of initiating the proper sequence.
The TRMT bit indicates when the transmit operation is
active or Idle, just as it does during normal transmis-
sion. See Figure 21-10 for the timing of the Break
character sequence.
21.2.5.1 Break and Sync Transmit Sequence
The following sequence will send a message frame
header made up of a Break, followed by an Auto-Baud
Sync byte. This sequence is typical of a LIN/J2602 bus
master.
1. Configure the EUSARTx for the desired mode.
2. Set the TXEN and SENDB bits to set up the
Break character.
3. Load the TXREGx with a dummy character to
initiate transmission (the value is ignored).
4. Write ‘55h’ to TXREGx to load the Sync
character into the transmit FIFO buffer.
5. After the Break has been sent, the SENDB bit is
reset by hardware. The Sync character now
transmits in the preconfigured mode.
When the TXREGx becomes empty, as indicated by
the TXxIF, the next data byte can be written to
TXREGx.
21.2.6 RECEIVING A BREAK CHARACTER
The Enhanced USARTx module can receive a Break
character in two ways.
The first method forces configuration of the baud rate
at a frequency of 9/13 the typical speed. This allows for
the Stop bit transition to be at the correct sampling
location (13 bits for Break versus Start bit, and 8 data
bits for typical data).
The second method uses the auto-wake-up feature
described in Section 2 1.2.4 “Auto-Wake-up on Sync
Break Character”. By enabling this feature, the
EUSARTx will sample the next two transitions on
RXx/DTx, cause an RCxIF interrupt and receive the
next data byte followed by another interrupt.
Note that following a Break character, the user will
typically want to enable the Auto-Baud Rate Detect
feature. For both methods, the user can set the ABDEN
bit once the TXxIF interrupt is observed.
FIGURE 21-10: SEND BREAK CHARACTE R SEQUENCE
Write to TXREGx
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
Start bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 11 Stop bit
Break
TXxIF bit
(Transmit Buffer
Reg. Empty Flag)
TXx (pin)
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
SENDB bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
SENDB Sampled Here Auto-Cleared
Dummy Write
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21.3 EUSARTx Synchronous
Master Mode
The Synchronous Master mode is entered by setting
the CSRC bit (TXSTAx<7>). In this mode, the data is
transmitted in a half-duplex manner (i.e., transmission
and reception do not occur at the same time). When
transmitting data, the reception is inhibited and vice
versa. Synchronous mode is entered by setting bit,
SYNC (TXSTAx<4>). In addition, enable bit, SPEN
(RCSTAx<7>), is set in order to configure the TXx and
RXx pins to CKx (clock) and DTx (data) lines,
respectively.
Clock polarity (CKx) is selected with the TXCKP bit
(BAUDCON<4>). Setting TXCKP sets the Idle state on
CKx as high, while clearing the bit sets the Idle state as
low. Data polarity (DTx) is selected with the RXDTP bit
(BAUDCONx<5>). Setting RXDTP sets the Idle state
on DTx as high, while clearing the bit sets the Idle state
as low. DTx is sampled when CKx returns to its Idle
state. This option is provided to support Microwire
devices with this module.
21.3.1 EUSARTx SYNCHRONOUS
MASTER TRANSMISSION
The EUSARTx transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 21-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Transmit Shift regis-
ter obtains its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer
register, TXREGx. The TXREGx register is loaded with
data in software. The TSR register is not loaded until
the last bit has been transmitted from the previous load.
As soon as the last bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREGx (if available).
Once the TXREGx register transfers the data to the
TSR register (occurs in one TCY), the TXREGx is empty
and the TXxIF flag bit is set. The interrupt can be
enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the interrupt
enable bit, TXxIE. TXxIF is set regardless of the state
of enable bit, TXxIE; it cannot be cleared in software. It
will reset only when new data is loaded into the
TXREGx register.
While flag bit, TXxIF, indicates the status of the TXREGx
register, another bit, TRMT (TXSTAx<1>), shows the
status of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which
is set when the TSR is empty. No interrupt logic is tied to
this bit, so the user must poll this bit in order to determine
if the TSR register is empty. The TSR is not mapped in
data memory so it is not available to the user.
To set up a Synchronous Master Transmission:
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for the
appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRG16
bit, as required, to achieve the desired baud rate.
2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits, SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit, TX9.
5. Enable the transmission by setting bit, TXEN.
6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit, TX9D.
7. Start transmission by loading data to the
TXREGx register.
8. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
FIGURE 21-11: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
bit 0 bit 1 bit 7
Word 1
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
bit 2 bit 0 bit 1 bit 7
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
Write to
TXREG1 Reg
TX1IF bit
(Interrupt Flag)
TXEN bit ‘1’ ‘1’
Word 2
TRMT bit
Write Word 1 Write Word 2
Note: Sync Master mode, SPBRG1 = 0; continuous transmission of two 8-bit words. This example is equally applicable to EUSART2
(RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
(TXCKP = 0)
(TXCKP = 1)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 334 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 21-12: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSM ISSION (THROUGH TXEN)
TABLE 21-7: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF(1) TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE(1) TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP(1) TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 71
TXREGx EUSARTx Transmit Register 71
TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 71
BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 72
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 72
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 72
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master transmission.
Note 1: These bits are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’.
RC7/RX1/DT1 pin
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
Write to
TXREG1 reg
TX1IF bit
TRMT bit
TXEN bit
Note: This example is equally applicable to EUSART2 (RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).
bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 6 bit 7
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 335
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21.3.2 EUSARTx SYNCHRONOUS
MASTER RECEPTION
Once Synchronous mode is selected, reception is
enabled by setting either the Single Receive Enable bit,
SREN (RCSTAx<5>), or the Continuous Receive
Enable bit, CREN (RCSTAx<4>). Data is sampled on
the RXx pin on the falling edge of the clock.
If enable bit, SREN, is set, only a single word is
received. If enable bit, CREN, is set, the reception is
continuous until CREN is cleared. If both bits are set,
then CREN takes precedence.
To set up a Synchronous Master Reception:
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for the
appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRG16
bit, as required, to achieve the desired baud rate.
2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits, SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
3. Ensure bits, CREN and SREN, are clear.
4. If the signal from the CKx pin is to be inverted,
set the TXCKP bit. If the signal from the DTx pin
is to be inverted, set the RXDTP bit.
5. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.
6. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.
7. If a single reception is required, set bit, SREN.
For continuous reception, set bit, CREN.
8. Interrupt flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when recep-
tion is complete and an interrupt will be generated
if the enable bit, RCxIE, was set.
9. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
10. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREGx register.
11. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
bit, CREN.
12. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
FIGURE 21-13: SY NCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN)
CREN bit
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
Write to
SREN bit
SREN bit
RC1IF bit
(Interrupt)
Read
RCREG1
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
‘
0
’
bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7
‘
0
’
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Note: Timing diagram demonstrates Sync Master mode with bit SREN = 1 and bit BRGH = 0. This example is equally applicable to EUSART2
(RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
pin
(TXCKP = 0)
(TXCKP = 1)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 336 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 21-8: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF(1) TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE(1) TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP(1) TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 71
RCREGx EUSARTx Receive Register 71
TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 71
BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 72
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 72
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 72
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master reception.
Note 1: These bits are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 337
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21.4 EUSARTx Synchronous
Slave Mode
Synchronous Slave mode is entered by clearing bit,
CSRC (TXSTAx<7>). This mode differs from the
Synchronous Master mode in that the shift clock is sup-
plied externally at the CKx pin (instead of being supplied
internally in Master mode). This allows the device to
transfer or receive data while in any low-power mode.
21.4.1 EUSARTx SYNCHRONOUS
SLAVE TRANSMISSION
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave
modes is identical, except in the case of Sleep mode.
If two words are written to the TXREGx and then the
SLEEP instruction is executed, the following will occur:
a) The first word will immediately transfer to the
TSR register and transmit.
b) The second word will remain in the TXREGx
register.
c) Flag bit, TXxIF, will not be set.
d) When the first word has been shifted out of TSR,
the TXREGx register will transfer the second word
to the TSR and flag bit, TXxIF, will now be set.
e) If enable bit, TXxIE, is set, the interrupt will wake
the chip from Sleep. If the global interrupt is
enabled, the program will branch to the interrupt
vector.
To set up a Synchronous Slave Transmission:
1. Enable the synchronous slave serial port by
setting bits, SYNC and SPEN, and clearing bit,
CSRC.
2. Clear bits, CREN and SREN.
3. If the signal from the CKx pin is to be inverted,
set the TXCKP bit. If the signal from the DTx pin
is to be inverted, set the RXDTP bit.
4. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.
5. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit, TX9.
6. Enable the transmission by setting enable bit,
TXEN.
7. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit, TX9D.
8. Start transmission by loading data to the
TXREGx register.
9. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
TABLE 21-9: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF TX2IF(1) TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE TX2IE(1) TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP TX2IP(1) TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 71
TXREGx EUSARTx Transmit Register 71
TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 71
BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 72
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 72
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 72
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave transmission.
Note 1: These bits are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’.
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DS39762F-page 338 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
21.4.2 EUSARTx SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE
RECEPTION
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave
modes is identical, except in the case of Sleep or any
Idle mode, and bit, SREN, which is a “don’t care” in
Slave mode.
If receive is enabled by setting the CREN bit prior to
entering Sleep or any Idle mode, then a word may be
received while in this low-power mode. Once the word
is received, the RSR register will transfer the data to the
RCREGx register. If the RCxIE enable bit is set, the
interrupt generated will wake the chip from the
low-power mode. If the global interrupt is enabled, the
program will branch to the interrupt vector.
To set up a Synchronous Slave Reception:
1. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits, SYNC and SPEN, and clearing bit,
CSRC.
2. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.
3. If the signal from the CKx pin is to be inverted,
set the TXCKP bit. If the signal from the DTx pin
is to be inverted, set the RXDTP bit.
4. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.
5. To enable reception, set enable bit, CREN.
6. Flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when reception is
complete. An interrupt will be generated if
enable bit, RCxIE, was set.
7. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
8. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREGx register.
9. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
bit, CREN.
10. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
TABLE 21-10: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR3 SSP2IF BCL2IF RC2IF(1) TX2IF TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF 71
PIE3 SSP2IE BCL2IE RC2IE(1) TX2IE TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE 71
IPR3 SSP2IP BCL2IP RC2IP(1) TX2IP TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP 71
RCSTAx SPEN RX9 SREN CREN ADDEN FERR OERR RX9D 71
RCREGx EUSARTx Receive Register 71
TXSTAx CSRC TX9 TXEN SYNC SENDB BRGH TRMT TX9D 71
BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL RXDTP TXCKP BRG16 —WUE ABDEN 72
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte 72
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte 72
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave reception.
Note 1: These bits are only available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 339
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22.0 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE
The Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter module has
11 inputs for the 64-pin devices, 15 inputs for the 80-pin
devices and 16 inputs for the 100-pin devices. This
module allows conversion of an analog input signal to
a corresponding 10-bit digital number.
The module has five registers:
• A/D Result Register High Byte (ADRESH)
• A/D Result Register Low Byte (ADRESL)
• A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)
• A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)
• A/D Control Register 2 (ADCON2)
The ADCON0 register, shown in Register 22-1,
controls the operation of the A/D module. The
ADCON1 register, shown in Register 22-2, configures
the functions of the port pins. The ADCON2 register,
shown in Register 22-3, configures the A/D clock
source, programmed acquisition time and justification.
REGISTER 22-1: ADCON0: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0
R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
ADCAL — CHS3 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 ADCAL: A/D Calibration bit
1 = Calibration is performed on next A/D conversion
0 = Normal A/D Converter operation (no calibration is performed)
bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5-2 CHS<3:0>: Analog Channel Select bits
0000 = Channel 0 (AN0)
0001 = Channel 1 (AN1)
0010 = Channel 2 (AN2)
0011 = Channel 3 (AN3)
0100 = Channel 4 (AN4)
0101 = Channel 5 (AN5)(1,3)
0110 = Channel 6 (AN6)
0111 = Channel 7 (AN7)
1000 = Channel 8 (AN8)
1001 = Channel 9 (AN9)
1010 = Channel 10 (AN10)
1011 = Channel 11 (AN11)
1100 = Channel 12 (AN12)(2,3)
1101 = Channel 13 (AN13)(2,3)
1110 = Channel 14 (AN14)(2,3)
1111 = Channel 15 (AN15)(2,3)
bit 1 GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit
When ADON = 1:
1 = A/D conversion is in progress
0 = A/D is Idle
bit 0 ADON: A/D On bit
1 = A/D Converter module is enabled
0 = A/D Converter module is disabled
Note 1: This channel is implemented on 100-pin devices only.
2: These channels are implemented on 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
3: Performing a conversion on unimplemented channels will return random values.
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DS39762F-page 340 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 22-2: ADCON1: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 1
U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
—— VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5 VCFG1: Voltage Reference Configuration bit (VREF- source)
1 = VREF- (AN2)
0 = AVSS
bit 4 VCFG0: Voltage Reference Configuration bit (VREF+ source)
1 = VREF+ (AN3)
0 = AVDD
bit 3-0 PCFG<3:0>: A/D Port Configuration Control bits:
Note 1: AN12 through AN15 are available in 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
2: AN5 is available in 100-pin devices only.
3: AN0 and AN1 can also operate as Ethernet LED outputs in either Analog or Digital I/O modes.
A = Analog input D = Digital I/O
PCFG<3:0>
AN15(1)
AN14(1)
AN13(1)
AN12(1)
AN11
AN10
AN9
AN8
AN7
AN6
AN5(2)
AN4
AN3
AN2
AN1(3)
AN0(3)
0000 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
0001 DDAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
0010 DDDAAAAAAAAAAAAA
0011 DDDDAAAAAAAAAAAA
0100 DDDDDAA AAAAAAAAA
0101 DDDDDDAAAAAAAAAA
0110 DDDDDDD A A AAAAAAA
0111 DDDDDDD D A AAA AAAA
1000 DDDDDDDDDAAAAAAA
1001 DDDDDDDDDDAAAAAA
1010 DDDDDDDDDDDAAAAA
1011 DDDDDDDDDDDDAAAA
1100 DDDDDDDDDDDDDAAA
1101 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDAA
1110 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDA
1111 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 341
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REGISTER 22-3: ADCON2: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 2
R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 ADFM: A/D Result Format Select bit
1 = Right justified
0 = Left justified
bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5-3 ACQT<2:0>: A/D Acquisition Time Select bits
111 = 20 T
AD
110 = 16 TAD
101 = 12 TAD
100 = 8 TAD
011 = 6 TAD
010 = 4 TAD
001 = 2 TAD
000 = 0 TAD(1)
bit 2-0 ADCS<2:0>: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits
111 = FRC (clock derived from A/D RC oscillator)(1)
110 = FOSC/64
101 = FOSC/16
100 = FOSC/4
011 = FRC (clock derived from A/D RC oscillator)(1)
010 = FOSC/32
001 = FOSC/8
000 = FOSC/2
Note 1: If the A/D FRC clock source is selected, a delay of one TCY (instruction cycle) is added before the A/D
clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed before starting a conversion.
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DS39762F-page 342 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
The analog reference voltage is software selectable to
either the device’s positive and negative supply voltage
(AVDD and AVSS), or the voltage level on the
RA3/AN3/VREF+ and RA2/AN2/VREF- pins.
The A/D Converter has a unique feature of being able
to operate while the device is in Sleep mode. To
operate in Sleep, the A/D conversion clock must be
derived from the A/D Converter’s internal RC oscillator.
The output of the sample and hold is the input into the
converter, which generates the result via successive
approximation.
Each port pin associated with the A/D Converter can be
configured as an analog input or as a digital I/O. The
ADRESH and ADRESL registers contain the result of
the A/D conversion. When the A/D conversion is com-
plete, the result is loaded into the ADRESH:ADRESL
register pair, the GO/DONE bit (ADCON0<1>) is
cleared and the A/D Interrupt Flag bit, ADIF, is set.
A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state.
This forces the A/D module to be turned off and any
conversion in progress is aborted. The value in the
ADRESH:ADRESL register pair is not modified for a
Power-on Reset. These registers will contain unknown
data after a Power-on Reset.
The block diagram of the A/D module is shown in
Figure 22-1.
FIGURE 22-1: A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM
(Input Voltage)
VAIN
VREF+
Reference
Voltage
VDD
VCFG<1:0>
CHS<3:0>
AN7
AN6
AN4
AN3
AN2
AN1
AN0
0111
0110
0100
0011
0010
0001
0000
10-Bit
A/D
VREF-
VSS
Converter
AN15(1)
AN14(1)
AN13(1)
AN12(1)
AN11
AN10
AN9
AN8
1111
1110
1101
1100
1011
1010
1001
1000
Note 1: Channels AN15 through AN12 are not available in 64-pin devices.
2: Channel AN5 is implemented in 100-pin devices only.
AN5(2)
0101
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 343
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After the A/D module has been configured as desired,
the selected channel must be acquired before the
conversion is started. The analog input channels must
have their corresponding TRIS bits selected as inputs.
To determine acquisition time, see Section 22.1 “A/D
Acquisition Requirements”. After this acquisition
time has elapsed, the A/D conversion can be started.
An acquisition time can be programmed to occur
between setting the GO/DONE bit and the actual start
of the conversion.
The following steps should be followed to do an A/D
conversion:
1. Configure the A/D module:
• Configure analog pins, voltage reference and
digital I/O (ADCON1)
• Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)
• Select A/D acquisition time (ADCON2)
• Select A/D conversion clock (ADCON2)
• Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)
2. Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):
• Clear ADIF bit
• Set ADIE bit
• Set GIE bit
3. Wait the required acquisition time (if required).
4. Start conversion:
• Set GO/DONE bit (ADCON0<1>)
5. Wait for A/D conversion to complete, by either:
• Polling for the GO/DONE bit to be cleared
OR
• Waiting for the A/D interrupt
6. Read A/D Result registers (ADRESH:ADRESL);
clear bit, ADIF, if required.
7. For the next conversion, go to Step 1 or Step 2,
as required. The A/D conversion time per bit is
defined as T
AD. A minimum wait of 2 TAD is
required before next acquisition starts.
FIGURE 22-2: ANALOG INPUT MODEL
VAIN CPIN
RSANx
5 pF
VDD
VT = 0.6V
VT = 0.6V ILEAKAGE
RIC 1k
Sampling
Switch
SS RSS
CHOLD = 25 pF
VSS
Sampling Switch (k
123 4
VDD
±100 nA
Legend: CPIN
VT
ILEAKAGE
RIC
SS
CHOLD
= Input Capacitance
= Threshold Voltage
= Leakage Current at the pin due to
= Interconnect Resistance
= Sampling Switch
= Sample/Hold Capacitance (from DAC)
various junctions
= Sampling Switch ResistanceRSS
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DS39762F-page 344 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
22.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements
For the A/D Converter to meet its specified accuracy,
the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed
to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The
Analog Input model is shown in Figure 22-2. The
source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling
switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time
required to charge the capacitor, CHOLD. The sampling
switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage
(VDD). The source impedance affects the offset voltage
at the analog input (due to pin leakage current). The
maximum recommended impedance for analog
sources is 2.5 k. After the analog input channel is
selected (changed), the channel must be sampled for
at least the minimum acquisition time before starting a
conversion.
To calculate the minimum acquisition time,
Equation 22-1 may be used. This equation assumes
that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the A/D). The
1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the A/D
to meet its specified resolution.
Equation 22-3 shows the calculation of the minimum
required acquisition time, T
ACQ. This calculation is
based on the following application system
assumptions:
CHOLD =25 pF
Rs = 2.5 k
Conversion Error 1/2 LSb
VDD =3V Rss = 2 k
Temperature = 85C (system max.)
EQUATION 22-1: ACQUISITION TIME
EQUATION 22-2: A/D MINIMUM CHARGING TIME
EQUATION 22-3: CALCULATING THE MINIMUM REQUIRED ACQUISITION TIME
Note: When the conversion is started, the
holding capacitor is disconnected from the
input pin.
TACQ = Amplifier Settling Time + Holding Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient
=T
AMP + TC + TCOFF
VHOLD = (VREF – (VREF/2048)) • (1 – e(-TC/CHOLD(RIC + RSS + RS)))
or
TC = -(CHOLD)(RIC + RSS + RS) ln(1/2048)
TACQ =TAMP + TC + TCOFF
TAMP =0.2 s
TCOFF = (Te m p – 25 C)(0.02 s/C)
(85C – 25C)(0.02 s/C)
1.2 s
Temperature coefficient is only required for temperatures > 25C. Below 25C, TCOFF = 0 ms.
TC = -(CHOLD)(RIC + RSS + RS) ln(1/2048) s
-(25 pF) (1 k + 2 k + 2.5 k) ln(0 .0004883) s
1.05 s
TACQ =0.2 s + 1 s + 1.2 s
2.4 s
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 345
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22.2 Selecting and Configuring
Auto mati c A c q u is i tion Time
The ADCON2 register allows the user to select an
acquisition time that occurs each time the GO/DONE
bit is set.
When the GO/DONE bit is set, sampling is stopped and
a conversion begins. The user is responsible for ensur-
ing the required acquisition time has passed between
selecting the desired input channel and setting the
GO/DONE bit. This occurs when the ACQT<2:0> bits
(ADCON2<5:3>) remain in their Reset state (‘000’) and
is compatible with devices that do not offer
programmable acquisition times.
If desired, the ACQT bits can be set to select a
programmable acquisition time for the A/D module.
When the GO/DONE bit is set, the A/D module continues
to sample the input for the selected acquisition time, then
automatically begins a conversion. Since the acquisition
time is programmed, there may be no need to wait for an
acquisition time between selecting a channel and setting
the GO/DONE bit.
In either case, when the conversion is completed, the
GO/DONE bit is cleared, the ADIF flag is set and the
A/D begins sampling the currently selected channel
again. If an acquisition time is programmed, there is
nothing to indicate if the acquisition time has ended or
if the conversion has begun.
22.3 Selecting the A/D Conversion
Clock
The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The
A/D conversion requires 11 T
AD per 10-bit conversion.
The source of the A/D conversion clock is software
selectable.
There are seven possible options for TAD:
•2 T
OSC
•4 TOSC
•8 TOSC
•16 TOSC
•32 TOSC
•64 T
OSC
• Internal RC Oscillator
For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock
(T
AD) must be as short as possible but greater than
the minimum TAD. See Section 28.0 “Electrical
Characteristics”, A/D Parameter 130 in Table 28-27
for more information.
Table 22-1 shows the resultant T
AD times derived from
the device operating frequencies and the A/D clock
source selected.
TABLE 22-1: TAD vs. DEVICE OPERATING
FREQUENCIES
22.4 Configuring Analog Port Pins
The ADCON1, TRISA, TRISF and TRISH registers
control the operation of the A/D port pins. The port pins
needed as analog inputs must have their correspond-
ing TRIS bits set (input). If the TRIS bit is cleared
(output), the digital output level (VOH or VOL) will be
converted.
The A/D operation is independent of the state of the
CHS<3:0> bits and the TRIS bits.
AD Clock Source (TAD)Maximum
Device
Frequency
Operation ADCS<2:0>
2 T
OSC 000 2.86 MHz
4 T
OSC 100 5.71 MHz
8 TOSC 001 11.43 MHz
16 TOSC 101 22.86 MHz
32 TOSC 010 41.67 MHz
64 TOSC 110 41.67 MHz
RC(2) x11 1.00 MHz(1)
Note 1: The RC source has a typical TAD time of
4ms.
2: See Parameter 130 in Table 28-27 for A/D
RC clock specifications.
Note 1: When reading the PORT register, all pins
configured as analog input channels will
read as cleared (a low level). Pins config-
ured as digital inputs will convert an
analog input. Analog levels on a digitally
configured input will be accurately
converted.
2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a
digital input may cause the digital input
buffer to consume current out of the
device’s specification limits.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 346 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
22.5 A/D Conversions
Figure 22-3 shows the operation of the A/D Converter
after the GO/DONE bit has been set and the
ACQT<2:0> bits are cleared. A conversion is started
after the following instruction to allow entry into Sleep
mode before the conversion begins.
Figure 22-4 shows the operation of the A/D Converter
after the GO/DONE bit has been set, the ACQT<2:0> bits
are set to ‘010’ and a 4 TAD acquisition time has been
selected before the conversion starts.
Clearing the GO/DONE bit during a conversion will
abort the current conversion. The A/D Result register
pair will NOT be updated with the partially completed
A/D conversion sample. This means the
ADRESH:ADRESL registers will continue to contain
the value of the last completed conversion (or the last
value written to the ADRESH:ADRESL registers).
After the A/D conversion is completed or aborted, a
2T
AD wait is required before the next acquisition can be
started. After this wait, acquisition on the selected
channel is automatically started.
22.6 Use of the ECCP2 Trigger
An A/D conversion can be started by the “Special Event
Trigger” of the ECCP2 module. This requires that the
CCP2M<3:0> bits (CCP2CON<3:0>) be programmed
as ‘1011’ and that the A/D module is enabled (ADON
bit is set). When the trigger occurs, the GO/DONE bit
will be set, starting the A/D acquisition and conversion
and the Timer1 (or Timer3) counter will be reset to zero.
Timer1 (or Timer3) is reset to automatically repeat the
A/D acquisition period with minimal software overhead
(moving ADRESH/ADRESL to the desired location).
The appropriate analog input channel must be selected
and the minimum acquisition period is either timed by
the user, or an appropriate TACQ time is selected before
the Special Event Trigger sets the GO/DONE bit (starts
a conversion).
If the A/D module is not enabled (ADON is cleared), the
Special Event Trigger will be ignored by the A/D module
but will still reset the Timer1 (or Timer3) counter.
FIGURE 22-3: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLE S (ACQT<2:0> = 000, TACQ = 0)
FIGURE 22-4: A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLE S (ACQT<2:0> = 010, TACQ = 4 TAD)
Note: The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in
the same instruction that turns on the A/D.
TAD1TAD2TAD3TAD4 TAD5TAD6 TAD7TAD8 TAD11
Set GO/DONE bit
Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input (typically 100 ns)
TAD9 TAD10
TCY – TAD
Next Q4: ADRESH/ADRESL is loaded, GO/DONE bit is cleared,
ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is connected to analog input.
Conversion starts
b0
b9 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
b8 b7
123 4 56 7 811
Set GO/DONE bit
(Holding capacitor is disconnected)
910
Next Q4: ADRESH:ADRESL is loaded, GO/DONE bit is cleared,
ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is reconnected to analog input.
Conversion starts
1234
(Holding capacitor continues
acquiring input)
TACQT Cycles TAD Cycles
Automatic
Acquisition
Time
b0b9 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
b8 b7
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 347
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22.7 A/D Converter Calibration
The A/D Converter in the PIC18F97J60 family of
devices includes a self-calibration feature which com-
pensates for any offset generated within the module.
The calibration process is automated and is initiated by
setting the ADCAL bit (ADCON0<7>). The next time
the GO/DONE bit is set, the module will perform a
“dummy” conversion (that is, with reading none of the
input channels) and store the resulting value internally
to compensate for offset. Thus, subsequent offsets will
be compensated.
The calibration process assumes that the device is in a
relatively steady-state operating condition. If A/D
calibration is used, it should be performed after each
device Reset, or if there are other major changes in
operating conditions.
22.8 Operation in Power-Managed
Modes
The selection of the automatic acquisition time and A/D
conversion clock is determined in part by the clock
source and frequency while in a power-managed
mode.
If the A/D is expected to operate while the device is in
a power-managed mode, the ACQT<2:0> and
ADCS<2:0> bits in ADCON2 should be updated in
accordance with the power-managed mode clock that
will be used. After the power-managed mode is entered
(either of the power-managed Run modes), an A/D
acquisition or conversion may be started. Once an
acquisition or conversion is started, the device should
continue to be clocked by the same power-managed
mode clock source until the conversion has been
completed. If desired, the device may be placed into
the corresponding power-managed Idle mode during
the conversion.
If the power-managed mode clock frequency is less
than 1 MHz, the A/D RC clock source should be
selected.
Operation in Sleep mode requires the A/D RC clock to
be selected. If bits, ACQT<2:0>, are set to ‘000’ and a
conversion is started, the conversion will be delayed
one instruction cycle to allow execution of the SLEEP
instruction and entry to Sleep mode. The IDLEN and
SCS bits in the OSCCON register must have already
been cleared prior to starting the conversion.
TABLE 22-2: SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR1 PSPIF ADIF RC1IF TX1IF SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 71
PIE1 PSPIE ADIE RC1IE TX1IE SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 71
IPR1 PSPIP ADIP RC1IP TX1IP SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP 71
PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF ETHIF rBCL1IF — TMR3IF CCP2IF 71
PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE ETHIE rBCL1IE —TMR3IE CCP2IE 71
IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP ETHIP rBCL1IP —TMR3IP CCP2IP 71
ADRESH A/D Result Register High Byte 70
ADRESL A/D Result Register Low Byte 70
ADCON0 ADCAL — CHS3 CHS3 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE ADON 70
ADCON1 —— VCFG1 VCFG0 PCFG3 PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 70
ADCON2 ADFM — ACQT2 ACQT1 ACQT0 ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCS0 70
CCP2CON P2M1 P2M0 DC2B1 DC2B0 CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0 70
PORTA RJPU — RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 72
TRISA —— TRISA5 TRISA4 TRISA3 TRISA2 TRISA1 TRISA0 71
PORTF RF7 RF6 RF5 RF4 RF3 RF2 RF1 RF0(1) 72
TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 TRISF0(1) 71
PORTH(2) RH7 RH6 RH5 RH4 RH3 RH2 RH1 RH0 72
TRISH(2) TRISH7 TRISH6 TRISH5 TRISH4 TRISH3 TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0 71
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion.
Note 1: Implemented in 100-pin devices only.
2: This register is not implemented in 64-pin devices.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 348 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
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PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
23.0 COMPARATOR MODULE
The analog comparator module contains two
comparators that can be configured in a variety of
ways. The inputs can be selected from the analog
inputs, multiplexed with pins, RF1 through RF6, as well
as the on-chip voltage reference (see Section 24.0
“Comparator Voltage Refere nce Module”). The digi-
tal outputs (normal or inverted) are available at the pin
level and can also be read through the control register.
The CMCON register (Register 23-1) selects the
comparator input and output configuration. Block
diagrams of the various comparator configurations are
shown in Figure 23-1.
REGISTER 23-1: CMCON: COMPARATOR CONTROL REGISTER
R-0 R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 C2OUT: Comparator 2 Output bit
When C2INV = 0:
1 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-
0 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-
When C2INV = 1:
1 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-
0 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-
bit 6 C1OUT: Comparator 1 Output bit
When C1INV = 0:
1 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-
0 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-
When C1INV = 1:
1 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-
0 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-
bit 5 C2INV: Comparator 2 Output Inversion bit
1 = C2 output is inverted
0 = C2 output is not inverted
bit 4 C1INV: Comparator 1 Output Inversion bit
1 = C1 output is inverted
0 = C1 output is not inverted
bit 3 CIS: Comparator Input Switch bit
When CM<2:0> = 110:
1 =C1 VIN- connects to RF5/AN10/CVREF
C2 VIN- connects to RF3/AN8
0 =C1 V
IN- connects to RF6/AN11
C2 VIN- connects to RA4/AN9
bit 2-0 CM<2:0>: Comparator Mode bits
Figure 23-1 shows the Comparator modes and the CM<2:0> bit settings.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 350 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
23.1 Comparator Configuration
There are eight modes of operation for the compara-
tors, shown in Figure 23-1. Bits CM<2:0> of the
CMCON register are used to select these modes. The
TRISF register controls the data direction of the
comparator pins for each mode. If the Comparator
mode is changed, the comparator output level may not
be valid for the specified mode change delay shown in
Section 28.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.
FIGURE 23-1: COMPARATOR I/O OPERATING MODES
Note: Comparator interrupts should be disabled
during a Comparator mode change;
otherwise, a false interrupt may occur.
C1
VIN-
VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)
Comparator Outputs Disabled
A
A
CM<2:0> = 000
C2
VIN-
VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)
A
A
C1
VIN-
VIN+C1OUT
Two Independent Comparators
A
A
CM<2:0> = 010
C2
VIN-
VIN+C2OUT
A
A
C1
VIN-
VIN+C1OUT
Two Commo n Reference Comparators
A
A
CM<2:0> = 100
C2
VIN-
VIN+C2OUT
A
D
C2
VIN-
VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)
One Independent Comparator with Output
D
D
CM<2:0> = 001
C1
VIN-
VIN+C1OUT
A
A
C1
VIN-
VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)
Comparators Off (POR Default Value)
D
D
CM<2:0> = 111
C2
VIN-
VIN+Off (Read as ‘0’)
D
D
C1
VIN-
VIN+C1OUT
Four Inputs Multiplexed to Two Comparators
A
A
CM<2:0> = 110
C2
VIN-
VIN+C2OUT
A
A
From VREF module
CIS = 0
CIS = 1
CIS = 0
CIS = 1
C1
VIN-
VIN+C1OUT
Two Common Reference Comparators with Outputs
A
A
CM<2:0> = 101
C2
VIN-
VIN+C2OUT
A
D
A = Analog Input, port reads zeros always D = Digital Input CIS (CMCON<3>) is the Comparator Input Switch
CVREF
C1
VIN-
VIN+C1OUT
Two Independent Comparators with Outputs
A
A
CM<2:0> = 011
C2
VIN-
VIN+C2OUT
A
A
RF1/AN6/C2OUT*
RF2/AN7/C1OUT*
* Setting the TRISF<2:1> bits will disable the comparator outputs by configuring the pins as inputs.
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
CVREF
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
CVREF
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
CVREF
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
CVREF
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
CVREF
RF2/AN7/C1OUT*
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
CVREF
RF1/AN6/C2OUT*
RF2/AN7/C1OUT*
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
CVREF
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
CVREF
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 351
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23.2 Comparator Operation
A single comparator is shown in Figure 23-2, along with
the relationship between the analog input levels and
the digital output. When the analog input at VIN+ is less
than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator
is a digital low level. When the analog input at VIN+ is
greater than the analog input, VIN-, the output of the
comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of
the output of the comparator in Figure 23-2 represent
the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time.
23.3 Comparator Reference
Depending on the comparator operating mode, either
an external or internal voltage reference may be used.
The analog signal present at VIN- is compared to the
signal at VIN+ and the digital output of the comparator
is adjusted accordingly (Figure 23-2).
FIGURE 23-2: SINGLE COMPARATOR
23.3.1 EXTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
When external voltage references are used, the
comparator module can be configured to have the com-
parators operate from the same or different reference
sources. However, threshold detector applications may
require the same reference. The reference signal must
be between VSS and VDD and can be applied to either
pin of the comparator(s).
23.3.2 INTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
The comparator module also allows the selection of an
internally generated voltage reference from the
comparator voltage reference module. This module is
described in more detail in Section 24.0 “Comparator
Voltage Reference Module”.
The internal reference is only available in the mode
where four inputs are multiplexed to two comparators
(CM<2:0> = 110). In this mode, the internal voltage
reference is applied to the VIN+ pin of both
comparators.
23.4 Comparator Response Time
Response time is the minimum time, after selecting a
new reference voltage or input source, before the
comparator output has a valid level. If the internal ref-
erence is changed, the maximum delay of the internal
voltage reference must be considered when using the
comparator outputs. Otherwise, the maximum delay of
the comparators should be used (see Section 28.0
“Electri cal Characte ristics”).
23.5 Comparator Outputs
The comparator outputs are read through the CMCON
register. These bits are read-only. The comparator
outputs may also be directly output to the RF1 and RF2
I/O pins. When enabled, multiplexors in the output path
of the RF1 and RF2 pins will switch and the output of
each pin will be the unsynchronized output of the
comparator. The uncertainty of each of the
comparators is related to the input offset voltage and
the response time given in the specifications.
Figure 23-3 shows the comparator output block
diagram.
The TRISF bits will still function as an output
enable/disable for the RF1 and RF2 pins while in this
mode.
The polarity of the comparator outputs can be changed
using the C2INV and C1INV bits (CMCON<5:4>).
–
+
VIN+
VIN-
Output
Output
VIN-
VIN+
Note 1: When reading the PORT register, all pins
configured as analog inputs will read as
‘0’. Pins configured as digital inputs will
convert an analog input according to the
Schmitt Trigger input specification.
2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a
digital input may cause the input buffer to
consume more current than is specified.
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DS39762F-page 352 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 23-3: COMPARATOR OUTPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM
23.6 Comparator Interrupts
The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever there is
a change in the output value of either comparator.
Software will need to maintain information about the
status of the output bits, as read from CMCON<7:6>, to
determine the actual change that occurred. The CMIF
bit (PIR2<6>) is the Comparator Interrupt Flag. The
CMIF bit must be reset by clearing it. Since it is also
possible to write a ‘1’ to this register, a simulated
interrupt may be initiated.
Both the CMIE bit (PIE2<6>) and the PEIE bit
(INTCON<6>) must be set to enable the interrupt. In
addition, the GIE bit (INTCON<7>) must also be set. If
any of these bits are clear, the interrupt is not enabled,
though the CMIF bit will still be set if an interrupt
condition occurs.
The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the
interrupt in the following manner:
a) Any read or write of CMCON will end the
mismatch condition.
b) Clear flag bit, CMIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit, CMIF.
Reading CMCON will end the mismatch condition and
allow flag bit, CMIF, to be cleared.
23.7 Comparator Operation
During Sleep
When a comparator is active and the device is placed
in Sleep mode, the comparator remains active and the
interrupt is functional, if enabled. This interrupt will
wake-up the device from Sleep mode, when enabled.
Each operational comparator will consume additional
current, as shown in the comparator specifications. To
minimize power consumption while in Sleep mode, turn
off the comparators (CM<2:0> = 111) before entering
Sleep. If the device wakes up from Sleep, the contents
of the CMCON register are not affected.
23.8 Effects of a Reset
A device Reset forces the CMCON register to its Reset
state, causing the comparator modules to be turned off
(CM<2:0> = 111). However, the input pins (RF3
through RF6) are configured as analog inputs by
default on device Reset. The I/O configuration for these
pins is determined by the setting of the PCFG<3:0> bits
(ADCON1<3:0>). Therefore, device current is
minimized when analog inputs are present at Reset
time.
DQ
EN
To C x OU T
pin
Bus
Data
Set
MULTIPLEX
CMIF
bit
-+
Port Pins
Read CMCON
Reset
From
Other
Comparator
CxINV
DQ
EN CL
Note: If a change in the CMCON register
(C1OUT or C2OUT) should occur when a
read operation is being executed (start of
the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF (PIR2
register) interrupt flag may not get set.
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23.9 Analog Input Connection
Considerations
A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in
Figure 23-4. Since the analog pins are connected to a
digital output, they have reverse biased diodes to VDD
and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between
VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this
range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the
diodes is forward biased and a latch-up condition may
occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 k is
recommended for the analog sources. Any external
component connected to an analog input pin, such as
a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little
leakage current.
FIGURE 23-4: COMPARATOR ANALOG INPUT MODEL
TABLE 23-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE RBIE TMR0IF INT0IF RBIF 69
PIR2 OSCFIF CMIF ETHIF rBCL1IF —TMR3IF CCP2IF 71
PIE2 OSCFIE CMIE ETHIE rBCL1IE —TMR3IE CCP2IE 71
IPR2 OSCFIP CMIP ETHIP rBCL1IP —TMR3IP CCP2IP 71
CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 70
CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 70
PORTF RF7 RF6 RF5 RF4 RF3 RF2 RF1 RF0 72
TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 TRISF0 71
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’, r = reserved. Shaded cells are not used by the comparator module.
VA
RS < 10k
AIN
CPIN
5 pF
VDD
VT = 0.6V
VT = 0.6V
RIC
ILEAKAGE
±500 nA
VSS
Legend: CPIN = Input Capacitance
VT= Threshold Voltage
ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions
RIC = Interconnect Resistance
RS= Source Impedance
VA = Analog Voltage
Comparator
Input
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NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 355
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24.0 COMPARATOR VOLTAGE
REFERENC E MODULE
The comparator voltage reference is a 16-tap resistor
ladder network that provides a selectable reference
voltage. Although its primary purpose is to provide a
reference for the analog comparators, it may also be
used independently of them.
A block diagram of the module is shown in Figure 24-1.
The resistor ladder is segmented to provide two ranges
of CVREF values and has a power-down function to
conserve power when the reference is not being used.
The module’s supply reference can be provided from
either device VDD/VSS or an external voltage reference.
24.1 Configuring the Comparator
Voltage Reference
The voltage reference module is controlled through the
CVRCON register (Register 24-1). The comparator
voltage reference provides two ranges of output volt-
age, each with 16 distinct levels. The range to be used
is selected by the CVRR bit (CVRCON<5>). The
primary difference between the ranges is the size of the
steps selected by the CVREF selection bits
(CVR<3:0>), with one range offering finer resolution.
The equations used to calculate the output of the
comparator voltage reference are as follows:
If CVRR = 1:
CVREF = ((CVR<3:0>)/24) x (CVRSRC)
If CVRR = 0:
CVREF =(CVRSRC/4) + ((CVR<3:0>)/32) x
(CVRSRC)
The comparator reference supply voltage can come
from either VDD and VSS, or the external VREF+ and
VREF- that are multiplexed with RA2 and RA3. The
voltage source is selected by the CVRSS bit
(CVRCON<4>).
The settling time of the comparator voltage reference
must be considered when changing the CVREF
output (see Table 28-3 in Section 28.0 “Electrical
Characteristics”).
REGISTER 24-1: CVRCON: COMPARATOR VO LTAGE REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
CVREN CVROE(1) CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7 CVREN: Comparator Voltage Reference Enable bit
1 =CV
REF circuit powered on
0 =CV
REF circuit powered down
bit 6 CVROE: Comparator VREF Output Enable bit(1)
1 =CVREF voltage level is also output on the RF5/AN10/CVREF pin
0 =CV
REF voltage is disconnected from the RF5/AN10/CVREF pin
bit 5 CVRR: Comparator VREF Range Selection bit
1 = 0 to 0.667 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/24 step size (low range)
0 = 0.25 CVRSRC to 0.75 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/32 step size (high range)
bit 4 CVRSS: Comparator VREF Source Selection bit
1 = Comparator reference source, CVRSRC = (VREF+) – (VREF-)
0 = Comparator reference source, CVRSRC = VDD – VSS
bit 3-0 CVR<3:0>: Comparator VREF Value Selection bits (0 (CVR<3:0>) 15)
When CVRR = 1:
CVREF = ((CVR<3:0>)/24) (CVRSRC)
When CVRR = 0:
CVREF = (CVRSRC/4) + ((CVR<3:0>)/32) (CVRSRC)
Note 1: CVROE overrides the TRISF<5> bit setting.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 356 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 24-1: COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM
24.2 Comparator Voltage Reference
Accuracy/Error
The full range of voltage reference cannot be realized
due to the construction of the module. The transistors
on the top and bottom of the resistor ladder network
(Figure 24-1) keep CVREF from approaching the refer-
ence source rails. The voltage reference is derived
from the reference source; therefore, the CVREF output
changes with fluctuations in that source. The tested
absolute accuracy of the voltage reference can be
found in Section 28.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.
24.3 Operation During Sleep
When the device wakes up from Sleep through an
interrupt, or a Watchdog Timer time-out, the contents of
the CVRCON register are not affected. To minimize
current consumption in Sleep mode, the voltage
reference should be disabled.
24.4 Effects of a Reset
A device Reset disables the voltage reference by
clearing bit, CVREN (CVRCON<7>). This Reset also
disconnects the reference from the RA2 pin by clearing
bit, CVROE (CVRCON<6>), and selects the
high-voltage range by clearing bit, CVRR
(CVRCON<5>). The CVR value select bits are also
cleared.
24.5 Connection Considerations
The voltage reference module operates independently
of the comparator module. The output of the reference
generator may be connected to the RF5 pin if the
CVROE bit is set. Enabling the voltage reference out-
put onto RA2, when it is configured as a digital input,
will increase current consumption. Connecting RF5 as
a digital output with CVRSS enabled will also increase
current consumption.
The RF5 pin can be used as a simple D/A output with
limited drive capability. Due to the limited current drive
capability, a buffer must be used on the voltage
reference output for external connections to VREF.
Figure 24-2 shows an example buffering technique.
16-to-1 MUX
CVR<3:0>
8R
R
CVREN
CVRSS = 0
VDD
VREF+CVRSS = 1
8R
CVRSS = 0
VREF-CVRSS = 1
R
R
R
R
R
R
16 Steps
CVRR
CVREF
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 357
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 24-2: COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT BUFFER EXAMPLE
TABLE 24-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset
Values
on Page:
CVRCON CVREN CVROE CVRR CVRSS CVR3 CVR2 CVR1 CVR0 70
CMCON C2OUT C1OUT C2INV C1INV CIS CM2 CM1 CM0 70
TRISF TRISF7 TRISF6 TRISF5 TRISF4 TRISF3 TRISF2 TRISF1 TRISF0 71
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used with the comparator voltage reference module.
CVREF Output
+
–
CVREF
Module Voltage
Reference
Output
Impedance
R(1)
RF5
Note 1: R is dependent upon the comparator voltage reference configuration bits, CVRCON<5> and CVRCON<3:0>.
PIC18FXXJ6X
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 358 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 359
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
25.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
CPU
PIC18F97J60 family devices include several features
intended to maximize reliability and minimize cost
through elimination of external components. These are:
• Oscillator Selection
• Resets:
- Power-on Reset (POR)
- Power-up Timer (PWRT)
- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
- Brown-out Reset (BOR)
• Interrupts
• Watchdog Timer (WDT)
• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
• Two-Speed Start-up
• Code Protection
• In-Circuit Serial Programming
The oscillator can be configured for the application
depending on frequency, power, accuracy and cost. All
of the options are discussed in detail in Section 3.0
“Oscillator Configurations”.
A complete discussion of device Resets and interrupts
is available in previous sections of this data sheet.
In addition to their Power-up and Oscillator Start-up
Timers provided for Resets, the PIC18F97J60 family of
devices has a configurable Watchdog Timer which is
controlled in software.
The inclusion of an internal RC oscillator also provides
the additional benefits of a Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
(FSCM) and Two-Speed Start-up. FSCM provides for
background monitoring of the peripheral clock and
automatic switchover in the event of its failure.
Two-Speed Start-up enables code to be executed
almost immediately on start-up while the primary clock
source completes its start-up delays.
All of these features are enabled and configured by
setting the appropriate Configuration register bits.
25.1 Configuration Bits
The Configuration bits can be programmed (read as
‘0’) or left unprogrammed (read as ‘1’) to select various
device configurations. These bits are mapped starting
at program memory location, 300000h. A complete list
is shown in Table 25-1. A detailed explanation of the
various bit functions is provided in Register 25-1
through Register 25-8.
25.1.1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR
CONFIGURING THE PIC18F97J60
FAMILY DEVICES
Devices of the PIC18F97J60 family do not use persis-
tent memory registers to store configuration information.
The configuration bytes are implemented as volatile
memory which means that configuration data must be
programmed each time the device is powered up.
Configuration data is stored in the four words at the top
of the on-chip program memory space, known as the
Flash Configuration Words, which are located in the
program memory space, as shown in Ta b l e 6 - 1 . The
Configuration Words are stored in the same order
shown in Tab le 2 5- 1, with CONFIG1L at the lowest
address and CONFIG3H at the highest. The data is
automatically loaded in the proper Configuration
registers during device power-up.
When creating applications for these devices, users
should always specifically allocate the location of the
Flash Configuration Word for configuration data. This is
to make certain that program code is not stored in this
address when the code is compiled.
The volatile memory cells used for the Configuration
bits always reset to ‘1’ on Power-on Resets. For all
other types of Reset events, the previously pro-
grammed values are maintained and used without
reloading from program memory.
The four Most Significant bits of CONFIG1H,
CONFIG2H and CONFIG3H, in program memory,
should also be ‘1111’. This makes these Configuration
Words appear to be NOP instructions in the remote
event that their locations are ever executed by
accident. Since Configuration bits are not implemented
in the corresponding locations, writing ‘1’s to these
locations has no effect on device operation.
To prevent inadvertent configuration changes during
code execution, all programmable Configuration bits
are write-once. After a bit is initially programmed during
a power cycle, it cannot be written to again. Changing
a device configuration requires that power to the device
be cycled.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 360 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 25-1: CONFIGURATION BITS AND DEVICE IDs
File Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Default/
Unprogrammed
Value(1)
300000h CONFIG1L DEBUG XINST STVREN — — — —WDTEN110- ---1
300001h CONFIG1H —(2) —(2) —(2) —(2) —(3) CP0 — — ---- 01--
300002h CONFIG2L IESO FCMEN — — —FOSC2FOSC1FOSC011-- -111
300003h CONFIG2H —(2) —(2) —(2) —(2) WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0 ---- 1111
300004h CONFIG3L WAIT(4) BW(4) EMB1(4) EMB0(4) EASHFT(4) — — — 1111 1---
300005h CONFIG3H —(2) —(2) —(2) —(2) —ETHLEDECCPMX
(5) CCP2MX(5) ---- -111
3FFFFEh DEVID1 DEV2 DEV1 DEV0 REV4 REV3 REV2 REV1 REV0 xxxx xxxx(6)
3FFFFFh DEVID2 DEV10 DEV9 DEV8 DEV7 DEV6 DEV5 DEV4 DEV3 xxxx xxxx(6)
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented. Shaded cells are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: Values reflect the unprogrammed state as received from the factory and following Power-on Resets. In all other Reset
states, the configuration bytes maintain their previously programmed states.
2: The value of these bits in program memory should always be ‘1’. This ensures that the location is executed as a NOP if it
is accidentally executed.
3: This bit should always be maintained as ‘0’.
4: Implemented in 100-pin devices only.
5: Implemented in 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
6: See Register 25-7 and Register 25-8 for DEVID values. These registers are read-only and cannot be programmed by
the user.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 361
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REGISTER 25-1: CONFIG1L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 LOW (BYTE ADDRESS 300000h)
R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1
DEBUG XINST STVREN ————WDTEN
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 7 DEBUG: Background Debugger Enable bit
1 = Background debugger is disabled; RB6 and RB7 are configured as general purpose I/O pins
0 = Background debugger is enabled; RB6 and RB7 are dedicated to In-Circuit Debug
bit 6 XINST: Extended Instruction Set Enable bit
1 = Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode are enabled
0 = Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode are disabled (Legacy mode)
bit 5 STVREN: Stack Overflow/Underflow Reset Enable bit
1 = Reset on stack overflow/underflow is enabled
0 = Reset on stack overflow/underflow is disabled
bit 4-1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 0 WDTEN: Watchdog Timer Enable bit
1 = WDT is enabled
0 = WDT is disabled (control is placed on SWDTEN bit)
REGISTER 25-2: CONFIG1H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 HIGH (BYTE ADDRESS 300001h)
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0(1) R/WO-1 U-0 U-0
—(2) —(2) —(2) —(2) —CP0— —
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 7-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 2 CP0: Code Protection bit
1 = Program memory is not code-protected
0 = Program memory is code-protected
bit 1-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Note 1: This bit should always be maintained as ‘0’.
2: The value of these bits in program memory should always be ‘1’. This ensures that the location is
executed as a NOP if it is accidentally executed.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 362 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 25-3: CONFIG2L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 LOW (BYTE ADDRESS 300002h)
R/WO-1 R/WO-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1
IESO FCMEN — — — FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 7 IESO: Two-Speed Start-up (Internal/External Oscillator Switchover) Control bit
1 = Two-Speed Start-up is enabled
0 = Two-Speed Start-up is disabled
bit 6 FCMEN: Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit
1 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled
0 = Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is disabled
bit 5-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 2 FOSC2: Default/Reset System Clock Select bit
1 = Clock selected by FOSC<1:0> as system clock is enabled when OSCCON<1:0> = 00
0 = INTRC enabled as system clock when OSCCON<1:0> = 00
bit 1-0 FOSC<1:0>: Oscillator Selection bits
11 = EC oscillator, PLL is enabled and under software control, CLKO function on OSC2
10 = EC oscillator, CLKO function on OSC2
01 = HS oscillator, PLL is enabled and under software control
00 = HS oscillator
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 363
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REGISTER 25-4: CONFIG2H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 HIGH (BYTE ADDRESS 300003h)
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1
—(1) —(1) —(1) —(1) WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 7-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3-0 WDTPS<3:0>: Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits
1111 = 1:32,768
1110 = 1:16,384
1101 = 1:8,192
1100 = 1:4,096
1011 = 1:2,048
1010 = 1:1,024
1001 = 1:512
1000 = 1:256
0111 = 1:128
0110 = 1:64
0101 = 1:32
0100 = 1:16
0011 = 1:8
0010 = 1:4
0001 = 1:2
0000 = 1:1
Note 1: The value of these bits in program memory should always be ‘1’. This ensures that the location is
executed as a NOP if it is accidentally executed.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 364 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 25-5: CONFIG3L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 LOW (BYTE ADDRESS 300004h)
R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 U-0 U-0 U-0
WAIT(1) BW(1) EMB1(1) EMB0(1) EASHFT(1) ———
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 7 WAIT: External Bus Wait Enable bit(1)
1 = Wait states for operations on external memory bus is disabled
0 = Wait states for operations on external memory bus is enabled and selected by MEMCON<5:4>
bit 6 BW: Data Bus Width Select bit(1)
1 = 16-Bit Data Width mode
0 = 8-Bit Data Width mode
bit 5-4 EMB<1:0>: External Memory Bus Configuration bits(1)
11 = Microcontroller mode, external bus disabled
10 = Extended Microcontroller mode,12-Bit Addressing mode
01 = Extended Microcontroller mode,16-Bit Addressing mode
00 = Extended Microcontroller mode, 20-Bit Addressing mode
bit 3 EASHFT: External Address Bus Shift Enable bit(1)
1 = Address shifting is enabled; address on external bus is offset to start at 000000h
0 = Address shifting is disabled; address on external bus reflects the PC value
bit 2-0 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Note 1: Implemented on 100-pin devices only.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 365
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REGISTER 25-6: CONFIG3H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 HIGH (BYTE ADDRESS 300005h)
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/WO-1 R/WO-1 R/WO-1
—(1) —(1) —(1) —(1) — ETHLED ECCPMX(2) CCP2MX(2)
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit WO = Write-Once bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 7-3 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 2 ETHLED: Ethernet LED Enable bit
1 = RA0/RA1 are multiplexed with LEDA/LEDB when the Ethernet module is enabled and function as
I/O when the Ethernet is disabled
0 = RA0/RA1 function as I/O regardless of Ethernet module status
bit 1 ECCPMX: ECCP MUX bit(2)
1 = ECCP1 outputs (P1B/P1C) are multiplexed with RE6 and RE5;
ECCP3 outputs (P3B/P3C) are multiplexed with RE4 and RE3
0 = ECCP1 outputs (P1B/P1C) are multiplexed with RH7 and RH6;
ECCP3 outputs (P3B/P3C) are multiplexed with RH5 and RH4
bit 0 CCP2MX: ECCP2 MUX bit(2)
1 = ECCP2/P2A is multiplexed with RC1
0 = ECCP2/P2A is multiplexed with RE7 in Microcontroller mode (80-pin and 100-pin devices)
or with RB3 in Extended Microcontroller mode (100-pin devices only)
Note 1: The value of these bits in program memory should always be ‘1’. This ensures that the location is
executed as a NOP if it is accidentally executed.
2: Implemented in 80-pin and 100-pin devices only.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 366 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
REGISTER 25-7: DEVID1: DEVICE ID REGISTER 1 FOR PIC18F97J60 FAMILY DEVICES
RRRRRRRR
DEV2 DEV1 DEV0 REV4 REV3 REV2 REV1 REV0
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Read-only bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed u = Unchanged from programmed state
bit 7-5 DEV<2:0>: Device ID bits
See Register 25-8 for a complete listing.
bit 4-0 REV<4:0>: Revision ID bits
These bits are used to indicate the device revision.
REGISTER 25-8: DEVID2: DEVICE ID REGISTER 2 FOR PIC18F97J60 FAMILY DEVICES
RRRRRRRR
DEV10 DEV9 DEV8 DEV7 DEV6 DEV5 DEV4 DEV3
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Read-only bit P = Programmable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed u = Unchanged from programmed state
bit 7-0 DEV<10:3>: Device ID bits:
DEV<10:3>
(DEVID2<7:0>) DEV<2:0>
(DEVID1<7:5>) Device
0001 1000 000 PIC18F66J60
0001 1111 000 PIC18F66J65
0001 1111 001 PIC18F67J60
0001 1000 001 PIC18F86J60
0001 1111 010 PIC18F86J65
0001 1111 011 PIC18F87J60
0001 1000 010 PIC18F96J60
0001 1111 100 PIC18F96J65
0001 1111 101 PIC18F97J60
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 367
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
25.2 Wat chdog Timer (WDT)
For PIC18F97J60 family devices, the WDT is driven by
the INTRC oscillator. When the WDT is enabled, the
clock source is also enabled. The nominal WDT period
is 4 ms and has the same stability as the INTRC
oscillator.
The 4 ms period of the WDT is multiplied by a 16-bit
postscaler. Any output of the WDT postscaler is
selected by a multiplexor, controlled by the WDTPS bits
in Configuration Register 2H. Available periods range
from 4 ms to 131.072 seconds (2.18 minutes). The
WDT and postscaler are cleared whenever a SLEEP or
CLRWDT instruction is executed, or a clock failure
(primary or Timer1 oscillator) has occurred.
25.2.1 CONTROL REGISTER
The WDTCON register (Register 25-9) is a readable
and writable register. The SWDTEN bit enables or dis-
ables WDT operation. This allows software to override
the WDTEN Configuration bit and enable the WDT only
if it has been disabled by the Configuration bit.
FIGURE 25-1: WDT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Note 1: The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions
clear the WDT and postscaler counts
when executed.
2: When a CLRWDT instruction is executed,
the postscaler count will be cleared.
INTRC Oscillator
WDT
Wake-up from
Reset
WDT
WDT Counter
Programmable Postscaler
1:1 to 1:32,768
Enable WDT
WDTPS<3:0>
SWDTEN
CLRWDT
4
Power-Managed
Reset
All Device Resets
Sleep
INTRC Control
128
Modes
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 368 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 25-2: SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS
REGISTER 25-9: WDTCON: WATCHDOG TIMER CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0
— — — — — — —SWDTEN
(1)
bit 7 bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value at POR ‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 0 SWDTEN: Software Controlled Watchdog Timer Enable bit(1)
1 = Watchdog Timer is on
0 = Watchdog Timer is off
Note 1: This bit has no effect if the Configuration bit, WDTEN, is enabled.
Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Reset Values
on Page:
RCON IPEN —CM RI TO PD POR BOR 70
WDTCON — — — — — — —SWDTEN 70
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 369
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25.3 On-Chip Voltage Regulator
All of the PIC18F97J60 family devices power their core
digital logic at a nominal 2.5V. This may create an issue
for designs that are required to operate at a higher
typical voltage, such as 3.3V. To simplify system
design, all devices in the PIC18F97J60 family incor-
porate an on-chip regulator that allows the device to
run its core logic from VDD.
The regulator is controlled by the ENVREG pin. Tying
VDD to the pin enables the regulator, which in turn,
provides power to the core from the other VDD pins.
When the regulator is enabled, a low-ESR filter capacitor
must be connected to the VDDCORE/VCAP pin
(Figure 25-2). This helps to maintain the stability of the
regulator. The recommended value for the filter capacitor
is provided in Section 28.3 “DC Characteristics:
PIC18F9 7J60 Fa mily (Ind ustrial)” .
If ENVREG is tied to VSS, the regulator is disabled. In
this case, separate power for the core logic, at a nomi-
nal 2.5V, must be supplied to the device on the
VDDCORE/VCAP pin to run the I/O pins at higher voltage
levels, typically 3.3V. Alternatively, the VDDCORE/VCAP
and VDD pins can be tied together to operate at a lower
nominal voltage. Refer to Figure 25-2 for possible
configurations.
25.3.1 ON-CHIP REGULATOR AND BOR
When the on-chip regulator is enabled, PIC18F97J60
family devices also have a simple brown-out capability.
If the voltage supplied to the regulator is inadequate to
maintain a regulated level, the regulator Reset circuitry
will generate a Brown-out Reset. This event is captured
by the BOR flag bit (RCON<0>).
The operation of the BOR is described in more detail in
Section 5.4 “Brown-out Reset (BOR)” and
Section 5.4.1 “Detecting BOR”. The Brown-out
Reset voltage levels are specific in Section 28.1 “DC
Characteristics: Supply Voltage, PIC18F97J60
Family (Industrial)”
25.3.2 POWER-UP REQUIREMENTS
The on-chip regulator is designed to meet the power-up
requirements for the device. If the application does not
use the regulator, then strict power-up conditions must
be adhered to. While powering up, VDDCORE must
never exceed VDD by 0.3 volts.
FIGURE 25-2: CONNECTIONS FOR THE
ON-CHIP REGULATOR
VDD
ENVREG
VDDCORE/VCAP
VSS
PIC18FXXJ6X
3.3V(1)
2.5V(1)
VDD
ENVREG
VDDCORE/VCAP
VSS
PIC18FXXJ6X
CF
3.3V
Regulator Enabled (ENVRE G tied to VDD):
Regulator Disabled (ENVREG tied to ground):
VDD
ENVREG
VDDCORE/VCAP
VSS
PIC18FXXJ6X
2.5V(1)
(VDD > VDDCORE)
Note 1: These are typical operating voltages. Refer
to Section 28.1 “DC Characteristics:
Supply Voltage” for the full operating
ranges of VDD and VDDCORE.
(VDD = VDDCORE)
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 370 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
25.4 Two-Speed Star t-up
The Two-Speed Start-up feature helps to minimize the
latency period, from oscillator start-up to code execu-
tion, by allowing the microcontroller to use the INTRC
oscillator as a clock source until the primary clock
source is available. It is enabled by setting the IESO
Configuration bit.
Two-Speed Start-up should be enabled only if the
primary oscillator mode is HS or HSPLL
(Crystal-Based) modes. Since the EC and ECPLL
modes do not require an Oscillator Start-up Timer
delay, Two-Speed Start-up should be disabled.
When enabled, Resets and wake-ups from Sleep mode
cause the device to configure itself to run from the
internal oscillator block as the clock source, following
the time-out of the Power-up Timer after a Power-on
Reset is enabled. This allows almost immediate code
execution while the primary oscillator starts and the
OST is running. Once the OST times out, the device
automatically switches to PRI_RUN mode.
In all other power-managed modes, Two-Speed
Start-up is not used. The device will be clocked by the
currently selected clock source until the primary clock
source becomes available. The setting of the IESO bit
is ignored.
25.4.1 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR
USING TWO-SPEED START-UP
While using the INTRC oscillator in Two-Speed
Start-up, the device still obeys the normal command
sequences for entering power-managed modes,
including serial SLEEP instructions (refer to
Section 4.1.4 “Multiple Slee p Commands” ). In prac-
tice, this means that user code can change the
SCS<1:0> bit settings, or issue SLEEP instructions,
before the OST times out. This would allow an applica-
tion to briefly wake-up, perform routine “housekeeping”
tasks and return to Sleep before the device starts to
operate from the primary oscillator.
User code can also check if the primary clock source is
currently providing the device clocking by checking the
status of the OSTS bit (OSCCON<3>). If the bit is set,
the primary oscillator is providing the clock. Otherwise,
the internal oscillator block is providing the clock during
wake-up from Reset or Sleep mode.
FIGURE 25-3: TIMING TRANSITION FOR TWO-SPEED START-UP (INTRC TO HSPLL)
Q1 Q3 Q4
OSC1
Peripheral
Program PC PC + 2
INTRC
PLL Clock
Q1
PC + 6
Q2
Output
Q3 Q4 Q1
CPU Clock
PC + 4
Clock
Counter
Q2 Q2 Q3
Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.
Wake from Interrupt Event
TPLL(1)
12 n-1n
Clock
OSTS bit Set
Transition
TOST(1)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 371
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
25.5 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) allows the
microcontroller to continue operation in the event of an
external oscillator failure by automatically switching the
device clock to the internal oscillator block. The FSCM
function is enabled by setting the FCMEN
Configuration bit.
When FSCM is enabled, the INTRC oscillator runs at
all times to monitor clocks to peripherals and provide a
backup clock in the event of a clock failure. Clock
monitoring (shown in Figure 25-4) is accomplished by
creating a sample clock signal which is the INTRC out-
put, divided by 64. This allows ample time between
FSCM sample clocks for a peripheral clock edge to
occur. The peripheral device clock and the sample
clock are presented as inputs to the Clock Monitor
(CM) latch. The CM is set on the falling edge of the
device clock source but cleared on the rising edge of
the sample clock.
FIGURE 25-4: FSCM BLOCK DIAGRAM
Clock failure is tested for on the falling edge of the
sample clock. If a sample clock falling edge occurs
while CM is still set, a clock failure has been detected
(Figure 25-5). This causes the following:
• The FSCM generates an oscillator fail interrupt by
setting bit, OSCFIF (PIR2<7>)
• The device clock source is switched to the internal
oscillator block (OSCCON is not updated to show
the current clock source – this is the fail-safe
condition)
•The WDT is reset
During switchover, the postscaler frequency from the
internal oscillator block may not be sufficiently stable
for timing-sensitive applications. In these cases, it may
be desirable to select another clock configuration and
enter an alternate power-managed mode. This can be
done to attempt a partial recovery or execute a
controlled shutdown. See Section 4.1.4 “Multiple
Sleep Commands” and Section 25.4.1 “Special
Considerations for Using Two-Speed Start-up” for
more details.
The FSCM will detect failures of the primary or second-
ary clock sources only. If the internal oscillator block
fails, no failure would be detected, nor would any action
be possible.
25.5.1 FSCM AND THE WATCHDOG TIMER
Both the FSCM and the WDT are clocked by the
INTRC oscillator. Since the WDT operates with a
separate divider and counter, disabling the WDT has
no effect on the operation of the INTRC oscillator when
the FSCM is enabled.
As already noted, the clock source is switched to the
INTRC clock when a clock failure is detected. This may
mean a substantial change in the speed of code execu-
tion. If the WDT is enabled with a small prescale value,
a decrease in clock speed allows a WDT time-out to
occur and a subsequent device Reset. For this reason,
Fail-Safe Clock events also reset the WDT and post-
scaler, allowing it to start timing from when execution
speed was changed, and decreasing the likelihood of
an erroneous time-out.
25.5.2 EXITING FAIL-SAFE OPERATION
The fail-safe condition is terminated by either a device
Reset or by entering a power-managed mode. On
Reset, the controller starts the primary clock source
specified in Configuration Register 2H (with any
required start-up delays that are required for the oscil-
lator mode, such as OST or PLL timer). The INTRC
oscillator provides the device clock until the primary
clock source becomes ready (similar to a Two-Speed
Start-up). The clock source is then switched to the
primary clock (indicated by the OSTS bit in the
OSCCON register becoming set). The Fail-Safe Clock
Monitor then resumes monitoring the peripheral clock.
The primary clock source may never become ready
during start-up. In this case, operation is clocked by the
INTRC oscillator. The OSCCON register will remain in
its Reset state until a power-managed mode is entered.
Peripheral
INTRC ÷ 64
S
C
Q
(32 s) 488 Hz
(2.048 ms)
Clock Monitor
Latc h ( C M)
(edge-triggered)
Clock
Failure
Detected
Source
Clock
Q
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 372 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 25-5: FSCM TIMING DIAGRAM
25.5.3 FSCM INTERRUPTS IN
POWER-MANAGED MODES
By entering a power-managed mode, the clock
multiplexor selects the clock source selected by the
OSCCON register. Fail-Safe Monitoring of the
power-managed clock source resumes in the
power-managed mode.
If an oscillator failure occurs during power-managed
operation, the subsequent events depend on whether
or not the oscillator failure interrupt is enabled. If
enabled (OSCFIF = 1), code execution will be clocked
by the INTRC multiplexor. An automatic transition back
to the failed clock source will not occur.
If the interrupt is disabled, subsequent interrupts while
in Idle mode will cause the CPU to begin executing
instructions while being clocked by the INTRC source.
25.5.4 POR OR WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
The FSCM is designed to detect oscillator failure at any
point after the device has exited Power-on Reset
(POR) or low-power Sleep mode. When the primary
device clock is either EC or INTRC, monitoring can
begin immediately following these events.
For HS or HSPLL modes, the situation is somewhat
different. Since the oscillator may require a start-up
time considerably longer than the FSCM sample clock
time, a false clock failure may be detected. To prevent
this, the internal oscillator block is automatically config-
ured as the device clock and functions until the primary
clock is stable (the OST and PLL timers have timed
out). This is identical to Two-Speed Start-up mode.
Once the primary clock is stable, the INTRC returns to
its role as the FSCM source.
As noted in Section 25.4.1 “Special Considerations
for Using Two-Speed Start-up”, it is also possible to
select another clock configuration and enter an alternate
power-managed mode while waiting for the primary
clock to become stable. When the new power-managed
mode is selected, the primary clock is disabled.
OSCFIF
CM Output
Device
Clock
Output
Sample Clock
Failure
Detected
Oscillator
Failure
Note: The device clock is normally at a much higher frequency than the sample clock. The relative frequencies in
this example have been chosen for clarity.
(Q)
CM Test CM Test CM Test
Note: The same logic that prevents false oscilla-
tor failure interrupts on POR, or wake from
Sleep, will also prevent the detection of
the oscillator’s failure to start at all follow-
ing these events. This can be avoided by
monitoring the OSTS bit and using a
timing routine to determine if the oscillator
is taking too long to start. Even so, no
oscillator failure interrupt will be flagged.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 373
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
25.6 Program Verification and
Code Protection
For all devices in the PIC18F97J60 family, the on-chip
program memory space is treated as a single block.
Code protection for this block is controlled by one
Configuration bit, CP0. This bit inhibits external reads
and writes to the program memory space. It has no
direct effect in normal execution mode.
25.6.1 CONFIGURATION REGISTER
PROTECTION
The Configuration registers are protected against
untoward changes or reads in two ways. The primary
protection is the write-once feature of the Configuration
bits which prevents reconfiguration once the bit has
been programmed during a power cycle. To safeguard
against unpredictable events, Configuration bit
changes resulting from individual cell level disruptions
(such as ESD events) will cause a parity error and
trigger a device Reset.
The data for the Configuration registers is derived from
the Flash Configuration Words in program memory.
When the CP0 bit is programmed (cleared), the source
data for device configuration is also protected as a
consequence.
25.7 In-Circuit Serial Programming
PIC18F97J60 family microcontrollers can be serially
programmed while in the end application circuit. This is
simply done with two lines for clock and data and three
other lines for power, ground and the programming
voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards
with unprogrammed devices and then program the
microcontroller just before shipping the product. This
also allows the most recent firmware or a custom
firmware to be programmed.
25.8 In-Circuit Debugger
When the DEBUG Configuration bit is programmed to
a ‘0’, the In-Circuit Debugger functionality is enabled.
This function allows simple debugging functions when
used with MPLAB® IDE. When the microcontroller has
this feature enabled, some resources are not available
for general use. Ta bl e 2 5 - 3 shows which resources are
required by the background debugger.
TABLE 25-3: DEBUGGER RESOURCES
I/O pins: RB6, RB7
Stack: 2 levels
Program Memory: 512 bytes
Data Memory: 10 bytes
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 374 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 375
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
26.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
The PIC18F97J60 family of devices incorporates the
standard set of 75 PIC18 core instructions, as well as
an extended set of 8 new instructions for the optimiza-
tion of code that is recursive or that utilizes a software
stack. The extended set is discussed later in this
section.
26.1 Standard Instruction Set
The standard PIC18 instruction set adds many
enhancements to the previous PIC® MCU instruction
sets, while maintaining an easy migration from these
PIC MCU instruction sets. Most instructions are a
single program memory word (16 bits), but there are
four instructions that require two program memory
locations.
Each single-word instruction is a 16-bit word divided
into an opcode, which specifies the instruction type and
one or more operands, which further specify the
operation of the instruction.
The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped
into four basic categories:
•Byte-oriented operations
•Bit-oriented operations
•Literal operations
•Control operations
The PIC18 instruction set summary in Table 26-2 lists
byte-oriented, bit-oriented, literal and control
operations. Table 26-1 shows the opcode field
descriptions.
Most byte-oriented instructions have three operands:
1. The file register (specified by ‘f’)
2. The destination of the result (specified by ‘d’)
3. The accessed memory (specified by ‘a’)
The file register designator ‘f’ specifies which file regis-
ter is to be used by the instruction. The destination
designator ‘d’ specifies where the result of the
operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is
placed in the WREG register. If ‘d’ is one, the result is
placed in the file register specified in the instruction.
All bit-oriented instructions have three operands:
1. The file register (specified by ‘f’)
2. The bit in the file register (specified by ‘b’)
3. The accessed memory (specified by ‘a’)
The bit field designator ‘b’ selects the number of the bit
affected by the operation, while the file register desig-
nator ‘f’ represents the number of the file in which the
bit is located.
The literal instructions may use some of the following
operands:
• A literal value to be loaded into a file register
(specified by ‘k’)
• The desired FSR register to load the literal value
into (specified by ‘f’)
• No operand required
(specified by ‘—’)
The control instructions may use some of the following
operands:
• A program memory address (specified by ‘n’)
• The mode of the CALL or RETURN instructions
(specified by ‘s’)
• The mode of the table read and table write
instructions (specified by ‘m’)
• No operand required
(specified by ‘—’)
All instructions are a single word, except for four
double-word instructions. These instructions were
made double-word to contain the required information
in 32 bits. In the second word, the 4 MSbs are ‘1’s. If
this second word is executed as an instruction (by
itself), it will execute as a NOP.
All single-word instructions are executed in a single
instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the
program counter is changed as a result of the instruc-
tion. In these cases, the execution takes two instruction
cycles with the additional instruction cycle(s) executed
as a NOP.
The double-word instructions execute in two instruction
cycles.
One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods.
Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal
instruction execution time is 1 s. If a conditional test is
true, or the program counter is changed as a result of
an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 s.
Two-word branch instructions (if true) would take 3 s.
Figure 26-1 shows the general formats that the instruc-
tions can have. All examples use the convention ‘nnh’
to represent a hexadecimal number.
The Instruction Set Summary, shown in Tabl e 2 6-2,
lists the standard instructions recognized by the
Microchip MPASMTM Assembler.
Section 26.1.1 “Standard Instruction Set” provides
a description of each instruction.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 376 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 26-1: OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
Field Description
aRAM access bit:
a = 0: RAM location in Access RAM (BSR register is ignored)
a = 1: RAM bank is specified by BSR register
bbb Bit address within an 8-bit file register (0 to 7).
BSR Bank Select Register. Used to select the current RAM bank.
C, DC, Z, OV, N ALU Status bits: Carry, Digit Carry, Zero, Overflow, Negative.
dDestination select bit:
d = 0: store result in WREG
d = 1: store result in file register f
dest Destination: either the WREG register or the specified register file location.
f8-bit Register file address (00h to FFh), or 2-bit FSR designator (0h to 3h).
fs12-bit Register file address (000h to FFFh). This is the source address.
fd12-bit Register file address (000h to FFFh). This is the destination address.
GIE Global Interrupt Enable bit.
kLiteral field, constant data or label (may be either an 8-bit, 12-bit or a 20-bit value).
label Label name.
mm The mode of the TBLPTR register for the table read and table write instructions.
Only used with table read and table write instructions:
*No Change to register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)
*+ Post-Increment register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)
*- Post-Decrement register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)
+* Pre-Increment register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)
nThe relative address (2’s complement number) for relative branch instructions or the direct address for
Call/Branch and Return instructions.
PC Program Counter.
PCL Program Counter Low Byte.
PCH Program Counter High Byte.
PCLATH Program Counter High Byte Latch.
PCLATU Program Counter Upper Byte Latch.
PD Power-Down bit.
PRODH Product of Multiply High Byte.
PRODL Product of Multiply Low Byte.
sFast Call/Return mode select bit:
s = 0: do not update into/from shadow registers
s = 1: certain registers loaded into/from shadow registers (Fast mode)
TBLPTR 21-bit Table Pointer (points to a program memory location).
TABLAT 8-bit Table Latch.
TO Time-out bit.
TOS Top-of-Stack.
uUnused or Unchanged.
WDT Watchdog Timer.
WREG Working register (accumulator).
xDon’t care (‘0’ or ‘1’). The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for
compatibility with all Microchip software tools.
zs7-bit offset value for indirect addressing of register files (source).
zd7-bit offset value for indirect addressing of register files (destination).
{ } Optional argument.
[text] Indicates an indexed address.
(text) The contents of text.
[expr]<n> Specifies bit n of the register indicated by the pointer expr.
Assigned to.
< > Register bit field.
In the set of.
italics User-defined term (font is Courier New).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 377
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 26-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS
Byte-oriented file register operations
15 10 9 8 7 0
d = 0 for result destination to be WREG register
OPCODE d a f (FILE #)
d = 1 for result destination to be file register (f)
a = 0 to force Access Bank
Bit-oriented file register operations
15 12 11 9 8 7 0
OPCODE b (BIT #) a f (FILE #)
b = 3-bit position of bit in file register (f)
Literal operations
Byte to Byte move operations (2-word)
15 12 11 0
OPCODE f (Source FILE #)
CALL, GOTO and Branch operations
15 8 7 0
OPCODE n<7:0> (literal)
n = 20-bit immediate value
a = 1 for BSR to select bank
f = 8-bit file register address
a = 0 to force Access Bank
a = 1 for BSR to select bank
f = 8-bit file register address
15 12 11 0
1111 n<19:8> (literal)
15 12 11 0
1111 f (Destination FILE #)
f = 12-bit file register address
Control operations
Example Instruction
ADDWF MYREG, W, B
MOVFF MYREG1, MYREG2
BSF MYREG, bit, B
MOVLW 7Fh
GOTO Label
15 8 7 0
OPCODE n<7:0> (literal)
15 12 11 0
1111 n<19:8> (literal)
CALL MYFUNC
15 11 10 0
OPCODE n<10:0> (literal)
S = Fast bit
BRA MYFUNC
15 8 7 0
OPCODE n<7:0> (literal) BC MYFUNC
S
15 8 7 0
OPCODE k (literal)
k = 8-bit immediate value
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 378 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 26-2: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET
Mnemonic,
Operands Description Cycles 16-Bit Inst ruction Word Status
Affected Notes
MSb LSb
BYTE-ORIENT ED OPERATIONS
ADDWF
ADDWFC
ANDWF
CLRF
COMF
CPFSEQ
CPFSGT
CPFSLT
DECF
DECFSZ
DCFSNZ
INCF
INCFSZ
INFSNZ
IORWF
MOVF
MOVFF
MOVWF
MULWF
NEGF
RLCF
RLNCF
RRCF
RRNCF
SETF
SUBFWB
SUBWF
SUBWFB
SWAPF
TSTFSZ
XORWF
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, a
f, d, a
f, a
f, a
f, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
fs, fd
f, a
f, a
f, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, d, a
f, a
f, d, a
Add WREG and f
Add WREG and Carry bit to f
AND WREG with f
Clear f
Complement f
Compare f with WREG, Skip =
Compare f with WREG, Skip >
Compare f with WREG, Skip <
Decrement f
Decrement f, Skip if 0
Decrement f, Skip if Not 0
Increment f
Increment f, Skip if 0
Increment f, Skip if Not 0
Inclusive OR WREG with f
Move f
Move fs (source) to 1st word
fd (destination) 2nd word
Move WREG to f
Multiply WREG with f
Negate f
Rotate Left f through Carry
Rotate Left f (No Carry)
Rotate Right f through Carry
Rotate Right f (No Carry)
Set f
Subtract f from WREG with
Borrow
Subtract WREG from f
Subtract WREG from f with
Borrow
Swap Nibbles in f
Test f, Skip if 0
Exclusive OR WREG with f
1
1
1
1
1
1 (2 or 3)
1 (2 or 3)
1 (2 or 3)
1
1 (2 or 3)
1 (2 or 3)
1
1 (2 or 3)
1 (2 or 3)
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 (2 or 3)
1
0010
0010
0001
0110
0001
0110
0110
0110
0000
0010
0100
0010
0011
0100
0001
0101
1100
1111
0110
0000
0110
0011
0100
0011
0100
0110
0101
0101
0101
0011
0110
0001
01da
00da
01da
101a
11da
001a
010a
000a
01da
11da
11da
10da
11da
10da
00da
00da
ffff
ffff
111a
001a
110a
01da
01da
00da
00da
100a
01da
11da
10da
10da
011a
10da
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
C, DC, Z, OV, N
C, DC, Z, OV, N
Z, N
Z
Z, N
None
None
None
C, DC, Z, OV, N
None
None
C, DC, Z, OV, N
None
None
Z, N
Z, N
None
None
None
C, DC, Z, OV, N
C, Z, N
Z, N
C, Z, N
Z, N
None
C, DC, Z, OV, N
C, DC, Z, OV, N
C, DC, Z, OV, N
None
None
Z, N
1, 2
1, 2
1,2
2
1, 2
4
4
1, 2
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2
1, 2, 3, 4
4
1, 2
1, 2
1
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
4
1, 2
Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be that
value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input and is
driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if
assigned.
3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second
cycle is executed as a NOP.
4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP
unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16 bits. This ensures that all
program memory locations have a valid instruction.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 379
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
BIT-ORIENTED OPERATIONS
BCF
BSF
BTFSC
BTFSS
BTG
f, b, a
f, b, a
f, b, a
f, b, a
f, b, a
Bit Clear f
Bit Set f
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
Bit Test f, Skip if Set
Bit Toggle f
1
1
1 (2 or 3)
1 (2 or 3)
1
1001
1000
1011
1010
0111
bbba
bbba
bbba
bbba
bbba
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
None
None
None
None
None
1, 2
1, 2
3, 4
3, 4
1, 2
CONTROL OPERATIONS
BC
BN
BNC
BNN
BNOV
BNZ
BOV
BRA
BZ
CALL
CLRWDT
DAW
GOTO
NOP
NOP
POP
PUSH
RCALL
RESET
RETFIE
RETLW
RETURN
SLEEP
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n, s
—
—
n
—
—
—
—
n
s
k
s
—
Branch if Carry
Branch if Negative
Branch if Not Carry
Branch if Not Negative
Branch if Not Overflow
Branch if Not Zero
Branch if Overflow
Branch Unconditionally
Branch if Zero
Call Subroutine1st word
2nd word
Clear Watchdog Timer
Decimal Adjust WREG
Go to Address 1st word
2nd word
No Operation
No Operation
Pop Top of Return Stack (TOS)
Push Top of Return Stack (TOS)
Relative Call
Software Device Reset
Return from Interrupt Enable
Return with Literal in WREG
Return from Subroutine
Go into Standby mode
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
2
1 (2)
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1110
1110
1110
1110
1110
1110
1110
1101
1110
1110
1111
0000
0000
1110
1111
0000
1111
0000
0000
1101
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0010
0110
0011
0111
0101
0001
0100
0nnn
0000
110s
kkkk
0000
0000
1111
kkkk
0000
xxxx
0000
0000
1nnn
0000
0000
1100
0000
0000
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
kkkk
kkkk
0000
0000
kkkk
kkkk
0000
xxxx
0000
0000
nnnn
1111
0001
kkkk
0001
0000
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn
kkkk
kkkk
0100
0111
kkkk
kkkk
0000
xxxx
0110
0101
nnnn
1111
000s
kkkk
001s
0011
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
TO, PD
C
None
None
None
None
None
None
All
GIE/GIEH,
PEIE/GIEL
None
None
TO, PD
4
TABLE 26-2: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED)
Mnemonic,
Operands Description Cycles 16-Bit Instruction Word Status
Affected Notes
MSb LSb
Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be that
value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input and is
driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if
assigned.
3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second
cycle is executed as a NOP.
4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP
unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16 bits. This ensures that all
program memory locations have a valid instruction.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 380 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
LITERAL OPERATIONS
ADDLW
ANDLW
IORLW
LFSR
MOVLB
MOVLW
MULLW
RETLW
SUBLW
XORLW
k
k
k
f, k
k
k
k
k
k
k
Add Literal and WREG
AND Literal with WREG
Inclusive OR Literal with WREG
Move Literal (12-bit) 2nd word
to FSR(f) 1st word
Move Literal to BSR<3:0>
Move Literal to WREG
Multiply Literal with WREG
Return with Literal in WREG
Subtract WREG from Literal
Exclusive OR Literal with WREG
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
0000
0000
0000
1110
1111
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
1111
1011
1001
1110
0000
0001
1110
1101
1100
1000
1010
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
00ff
kkkk
0000
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
C, DC, Z, OV, N
Z, N
Z, N
None
None
None
None
None
C, DC, Z, OV, N
Z, N
DATA MEMOR Y PROGRAM MEMORY OPERATIONS
TBLRD*
TBLRD*+
TBLRD*-
TBLRD+*
TBLWT*
TBLWT*+
TBLWT*-
TBLWT+*
Table Read
Table Read with Post-Increment
Table Read with Post-Decrement
Table Read with Pre-Increment
Table Write
Table Write with Post-Increment
Table Write with Post-Decrement
Table Write with Pre-Increment
2
2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
TABLE 26-2: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED)
Mnemonic,
Operands Description Cycles 16-Bit Inst ruction Word Status
Affected Notes
MSb LSb
Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be that
value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input and is
driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if
assigned.
3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second
cycle is executed as a NOP.
4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP
unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16 bits. This ensures that all
program memory locations have a valid instruction.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 381
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
26.1.1 STANDARD INSTRUCTION SET
ADDLW ADD Literal to W
Syntax: ADDLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) + k W
Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0000 1111 kkkk kkkk
Description: The contents of W are added to the
8-bit literal ‘k’ and the result is placed in
W.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
Example: ADDLW 15h
Before Instruction
W = 10h
After Instruction
W = 25h
ADDWF ADD W to f
Syntax: ADDWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (W) + (f) dest
Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0010 01da ffff ffff
Description: Add W to register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the
result is stored back in register ‘f’
(default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: ADDWF REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
W = 17h
REG = 0C2h
After Instruction
W = 0D9h
REG = 0C2h
Note: All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in
symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction format then becomes: {label} instruction argument(s).
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 382 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
ADDWFC ADD W and Carry bit to f
Syntax: ADDWFC f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (W) + (f) + (C) dest
Status Affected: N,OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0010 00da ffff ffff
Description: Add W, the Carry flag and data memory
location ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed in data memory location ‘f’.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: ADDWFC REG, 0, 1
Before Instruction
Carry bit = 1
REG = 02h
W=4Dh
After Instruction
Carry bit = 0
REG = 02h
W = 50h
ANDLW AND Literal with W
Syntax: ANDLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) .AND. k W
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0000 1011 kkkk kkkk
Description: The contents of W are ANDed with the
8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
Example: ANDLW 05Fh
Before Instruction
W=A3h
After Instruction
W = 03h
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 383
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ANDWF AND W with f
Syntax: ANDWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (W) .AND. (f) dest
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0001 01da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of W are ANDed with
register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored
in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back
in register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: ANDWF REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
W = 17h
REG = C2h
After Instruction
W = 02h
REG = C2h
BC Branch if Carry
Syntax: BC n
Operands: -128 n 127
Operation: if Carry bit is ‘1’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 0010 nnnn nnnn
Description: If the Carry bit is ’1’, then the program
will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If No Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: HERE BC 5
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Carry = 1;
PC = address (HERE + 12)
If Carry = 0;
PC = address (HERE + 2)
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BCF Bit Clear f
Syntax: BCF f, b {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
0 b 7
a [0,1]
Operation: 0 f<b>
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1001 bbba ffff ffff
Description: Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is cleared.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example: BCF FLAG_REG, 7, 0
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = C7h
After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 47h
BN Branch if Negative
Syntax: BN n
Operands: -128 n 127
Operation: if Negative bit is ‘1’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 0110 nnnn nnnn
Description: If the Negative bit is ‘1’, then the
program will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If No Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: HERE BN Jump
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Negative = 1;
PC = address (Jump)
If Negative = 0;
PC = address (HERE + 2)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 385
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BNC Branch if Not Carry
Syntax: BNC n
Operands: -128 n 127
Operation: if Carry bit is ‘0’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 0011 nnnn nnnn
Description: If the Carry bit is ‘0’, then the program
will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If No Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: HERE BNC Jump
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Carry = 0;
PC = address (Jump)
If Carry = 1;
PC = address (HERE + 2)
BNN Branc h if Not Negative
Syntax: BNN n
Operands: -128 n 127
Operation: if Negative bit is ‘0’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 0111 nnnn nnnn
Description: If the Negative bit is ‘0’, then the
program will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If No Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: HERE BNN Jump
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Negative = 0;
PC = address (Jump)
If Negative = 1;
PC = address (HERE + 2)
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BNOV Branch if Not Overflow
Syntax: BNOV n
Operands: -128 n 127
Operation: if Overflow bit is ‘0’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 0101 nnnn nnnn
Description: If the Overflow bit is ‘0’, then the
program will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If No Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: HERE BNOV Jump
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Overflow = 0;
PC = address (Jump)
If Overflow = 1;
PC = address (HERE + 2)
BNZ Branch if Not Zero
Syntax: BNZ n
Operands: -128 n 127
Operation: if Zero bit is ‘0’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 0001 nnnn nnnn
Description: If the Zero bit is ‘0’, then the program
will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If No Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: HERE BNZ Jump
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Zero = 0;
PC = address (Jump)
If Zero = 1;
PC = address (HERE + 2)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 387
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BRA Unconditional Branch
Syntax: BRA n
Operands: -1024 n 1023
Operation: (PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1101 0nnn nnnn nnnn
Description: Add the 2’s complement number ‘2n’ to
the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE BRA Jump
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
PC = address (Jump)
BSF Bit Set f
Syntax: BSF f, b {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
0 b 7
a [0,1]
Operation: 1 f<b>
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1000 bbba ffff ffff
Description: Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is set.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example: BSF FLAG_REG, 7, 1
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0Ah
After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 8Ah
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
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BTFSC Bit Test File, Sk ip if Clear
Syntax: BTFSC f, b {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
0 b 7
a [0,1]
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1011 bbba ffff ffff
Description: If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘0’, then the next
instruction is skipped. If bit ‘b’ is ‘0’, then
the next instruction fetched during the
current instruction execution is discarded
and a NOP is executed instead, making
this a two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If
‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set
is enabled, this instruction operates in
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE
FALSE
TRUE
BTFSC
:
:
FLAG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If FLAG<1> = 0;
PC = address (TRUE)
If FLAG<1> = 1;
PC = address (FALSE)
BTFSS B it Test File, Sk ip if Se t
Syntax: BTFSS f, b {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
0 b < 7
a [0,1]
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1010 bbba ffff ffff
Description: If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘1’, then the next
instruction is skipped. If bit ‘b’ is ‘1’, then
the next instruction fetched during the
current instruction execution is discarded
and a NOP is executed instead, making
this a two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If
‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates in
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE
FALSE
TRUE
BTFSS
:
:
FLAG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If FLAG<1> = 0;
PC = address (FALSE)
If FLAG<1> = 1;
PC = address (TRUE)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 389
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BTG Bit Toggle f
Syntax: BTG f, b {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
0 b < 7
a [0,1]
Operation: (f<b>) f<b>
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0111 bbba ffff ffff
Description: Bit ‘b’ in data memory location ‘f’ is
inverted.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Liter a l Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example: BTG PORTC, 4, 0
Before Instruction:
PORTC = 0111 0101 [75h]
After Instruction:
PORTC = 0110 0101 [65h]
BOV Bra nch if O v e r flow
Syntax: BOV n
Operands: -128 n 127
Operation: if Overflow bit is ‘1’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 0100 nnnn nnnn
Description: If the Overflow bit is ‘1’, then the
program will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If No Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: HERE BOV Jump
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Overflow = 1;
PC = address (Jump)
If Overflow = 0;
PC = address (HERE + 2)
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BZ Branch if Zero
Syntax: BZ n
Operands: -128 n 127
Operation: if Zero bit is ‘1’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 0000 nnnn nnnn
Description: If the Zero bit is ‘1’, then the program
will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If No Jump:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: HERE BZ Jump
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Zero = 1;
PC = address (Jump)
If Zero = 0;
PC = address (HERE + 2)
CALL Subroutine Call
Syntax: CALL k {,s}
Operands: 0 k 1048575
s [0,1]
Operation: (PC) + 4 TOS,
k PC<20:1>;
if s = 1,
(W) WS,
(STATUS) STATUSS,
(BSR) BSRS
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
1st word (k<7:0>)
2nd word(k<19:8>)
1110
1111 110s
k19kkk k7kkk
kkkk kkkk0
kkkk8
Description: Subroutine call of entire 2-Mbyte
memory range. First, return address
(PC+ 4) is pushed onto the return stack.
If ‘s’ = 1, the W, STATUS and BSR
registers are also pushed into their
respective shadow registers, WS,
STATUSS and BSRS. If ‘s’ = 0, no
update occurs (default). Then, the
20-bit value ‘k’ is loaded into PC<20:1>.
CALL is a two-cycle instruction.
Words: 2
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘k’<7:0>,
Push PC to
stack
Read literal
’k’<19:8>,
Write to PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE CALL THERE,1
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
After Instruction
PC = address (THERE)
TOS = address (HERE + 4)
WS = W
BSRS = BSR
STATUSS = STATUS
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 391
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CLRF Clear f
Syntax: CLRF f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: 000h f,
1 Z
Status Affected: Z
Encoding: 0110 101a ffff ffff
Description: Clears the contents of the specified
register.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example: CLRF FLAG_REG,1
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 5Ah
After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 00h
CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer
Syntax: CLRWDT
Operands: None
Operation: 000h WDT,
000h WDT postscaler,
1 TO,
1 PD
Status Affected: TO, PD
Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0100
Description: CLRWDT instruction resets the
Watchdog Timer. It also resets the post-
scaler of the WDT. Status bits, TO and
PD, are set.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No
operation
Process
Data
No
operation
Example: CLRWDT
Before Instruction
WDT Counter = ?
After Instruction
WDT Counter = 00h
WDT Postscaler = 0
TO =1
PD =1
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COMF Complement f
Syntax: COMF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) dest
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0001 11da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
complemented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
stored back in register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: COMF REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 13h
After Instruction
REG = 13h
W=ECh
CPFSEQ Compare f with W, Skip if f = W
Syntax: CPFSEQ f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) – (W),
skip if (f) = (W)
(unsigned comparison)
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0110 001a ffff ffff
Description: Compares the contents of data memory
location ‘f’ to the contents of W by
performing an unsigned subtraction.
If ‘f’ = W, then the fetched instruction is
discarded and a NOP is executed
instead, making this a two-cycle
instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE CPFSEQ REG, 0
NEQUAL :
EQUAL :
Before Instruction
PC Address = HERE
W=?
REG = ?
After Instruction
If REG = W;
PC = Address (EQUAL)
If REG W;
PC = Address (NEQUAL)
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CPFSGT Compare f with W, Skip if f > W
Syntax: CPFSGT f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) –W),
skip if (f) > (W)
(unsigned comparison)
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0110 010a ffff ffff
Description: Compares the contents of data memory
location ‘f’ to the contents of the W by
performing an unsigned subtraction.
If the contents of ‘f’ are greater than the
contents of WREG, then the fetched
instruction is discarded and a NOP is
executed instead, making this a
two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE CPFSGT REG, 0
NGREATER :
GREATER :
Before Instruction
PC = Address (HERE)
W= ?
After Instruction
If REG W;
PC = Address (GREATER)
If REG W;
PC = Address (NGREATER)
CPFSLT Compare f with W, Skip if f < W
Syntax: CPFSLT f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) –W),
skip if (f) < (W)
(unsigned comparison)
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0110 000a ffff ffff
Description: Compares the contents of data memory
location ‘f’ to the contents of W by
performing an unsigned subtraction.
If the contents of ‘f’ are less than the
contents of W, then the fetched
instruction is discarded and a NOP is
executed instead, making this a
two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE CPFSLT REG, 1
NLESS :
LESS :
Before Instruction
PC = Address (HERE)
W= ?
After Instruction
If REG < W;
PC = Address (LESS)
If REG W;
PC = Address (NLESS)
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DAW Decimal Adjust W Register
Syntax: DAW
Operands: None
Operation: If [W<3:0> > 9] or [DC = 1], then
(W<3:0>) + 6 W<3:0>;
else
(W<3:0>) W<3:0>
If [W<7:4> > 9] or [C = 1], then
(W<7:4>) + 6 W<7:4>,
C =1;
else
(W<7:4>) W<7:4>
Status Affected: C
Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0111
Description: DAW adjusts the eight-bit value in W,
resulting from the earlier addition of two
variables (each in packed BCD format)
and produces a correct packed BCD
result.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register W
Process
Data
Write
W
Example 1: DAW
Before Instruction
W=A5h
C=0
DC = 0
After Instruction
W = 05h
C=1
DC = 0
Example 2:
Before Instruction
W=CEh
C=0
DC = 0
After Instruction
W = 34h
C=1
DC = 0
DECF Decrement f
Syntax: DECF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) – 1 dest
Status Affected: C, DC, N, OV, Z
Encoding: 0000 01da ffff ffff
Description: Decrement register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the
result is stored back in register ‘f’
(default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: DECF CNT, 1, 0
Before Instruction
CNT = 01h
Z=0
After Instruction
CNT = 00h
Z=1
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DECFSZ Decremen t f, Skip if 0
Syntax: DECFSZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) – 1 dest,
skip if result = 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0010 11da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’ (default).
If the result is ‘0’, the next instruction
which is already fetched is discarded
and a NOP is executed instead, making
it a two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE DECFSZ CNT, 1, 1
GOTO LOOP
CONTINUE
Before Instruction
PC = Address (HERE)
After Instruction
CNT = CNT – 1
If CNT = 0;
PC = Address (CONTINUE)
If CNT 0;
PC = Address (HERE + 2)
DCFSNZ Decrement f, Skip if Not 0
Syntax: DCFSNZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) – 1 dest,
skip if result 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0100 11da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’ (default).
If the result is not ‘0’, the next
instruction which is already fetched is
discarded and a NOP is executed
instead, making it a two-cycle
instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE DCFSNZ TEMP, 1, 0
ZERO :
NZERO :
Before Instruction
TEMP = ?
After Instruction
TEMP = TEMP – 1,
If TEMP = 0;
PC = Address (ZERO)
If TEMP 0;
PC = Address (NZERO)
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GOTO Uncondit i onal Branch
Syntax: GOTO k
Operands: 0 k 1048575
Operation: k PC<20:1>
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
1st word (k<7:0>)
2nd word(k<19:8>)
1110
1111 1111
k19kkk k7kkk
kkkk kkkk0
kkkk8
Description: GOTO allows an unconditional branch
anywhere within entire 2-Mbyte memory
range. The 20-bit value ‘k’ is loaded into
PC<20:1>. GOTO is always a two-cycle
instruction.
Words: 2
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘k’<7:0>,
No
operation
Read literal
‘k’<19:8>,
Write to PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: GOTO THERE
After Instruction
PC = Address (THERE)
INCF Increment f
Syntax: INCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 dest
Status Affected: C, DC, N, OV, Z
Encoding: 0010 10da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: INCF CNT, 1, 0
Before Instruction
CNT = FFh
Z=0
C=?
DC = ?
After Instruction
CNT = 00h
Z=1
C=1
DC = 1
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INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0
Syntax: INCFSZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 dest,
skip if result = 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0011 11da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’. (default)
If the result is ‘0’, the next instruction
which is already fetched is discarded
and a NOP is executed instead, making
it a two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE INCFSZ CNT, 1, 0
NZERO :
ZERO :
Before Instruction
PC = Address (HERE)
After Instruction
CNT = CNT + 1
If CNT = 0;
PC = Address (ZERO)
If CNT 0;
PC = Address (NZERO)
INFSNZ Increment f, Skip if Not 0
Syntax: INFSNZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 dest,
skip if result 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0100 10da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’ (default).
If the result is not ‘0’, the next
instruction which is already fetched is
discarded and a NOP is executed
instead, making it a two-cycle
instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE INFSNZ REG, 1, 0
ZERO
NZERO
Before Instruction
PC = Address (HERE)
After Instruction
REG = REG + 1
If REG 0;
PC = Address (NZERO)
If REG = 0;
PC = Address (ZERO)
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IORLW Inclusive OR Literal wit h W
Syntax: IORLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) .OR. k W
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0000 1001 kkkk kkkk
Description: The contents of W are ORed with the
eight-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed
in W.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
Example: IORLW 35h
Before Instruction
W=9Ah
After Instruction
W=BFh
IOR WF Inclusive OR W with f
Syntax: IORWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (W) .OR. (f) dest
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0001 00da ffff ffff
Description: Inclusive OR W with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is
‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’,
the result is placed back in register ‘f’
(default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: IORWF RESULT, 0, 1
Before Instruction
RESULT = 13h
W = 91h
After Instruction
RESULT = 13h
W = 93h
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LFS R L oad FS R
Syntax: LFSR f, k
Operands: 0 f 2
0 k 4095
Operation: k FSRf
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110
1111 1110
0000 00ff
k7kkk k11kkk
kkkk
Description: The 12-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into the
File Select Register pointed to by ‘f’.
Words: 2
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘k’ MSB
Process
Data
Write
literal ‘k’
MSB to
FSRfH
Decode Read literal
‘k’ LSB
Process
Data
Write literal
‘k’ to FSRfL
Example: LFSR 2, 3ABh
After Instruction
FSR2H = 03h
FSR2L = ABh
MOVF Move f
Syntax: MOVF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: f dest
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0101 00da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are moved to
a destination dependent upon the
status of ‘d’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’ (default).
Location ‘f’ can be anywhere in the
256-byte bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
W
Example: MOVF REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 22h
W=FFh
After Instruction
REG = 22h
W = 22h
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MOVFF Move f to f
Syntax: MOVFF fs,fd
Operands: 0 fs 4095
0 fd 4095
Operation: (fs) fd
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
1st word (source)
2nd word (destin.)
1100
1111 ffff
ffff ffff
ffff ffffs
ffffd
Description: The contents of source register ‘fs’ are
moved to destination register ‘fd’.
Location of source ‘fs’ can be anywhere
in the 4096-byte data space (000h to
FFFh) and location of destination ‘fd’
can also be anywhere from 000h to
FFFh.
Either source or destination can be W
(a useful special situation).
MOVFF is particularly useful for
transferring a data memory location to a
peripheral register (such as the transmit
buffer or an I/O port).
The MOVFF instruction cannot use the
PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the
destination register
Words: 2
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
(src)
Process
Data
No
operation
Decode No
operation
No dummy
read
No
operation
Write
register ‘f’
(dest)
Example: MOVFF REG1, REG2
Before Instruction
REG1 = 33h
REG2 = 11h
After Instruction
REG1 = 33h
REG2 = 33h
MOVLB Move Literal to Low Nibble in BSR
Syntax: MOVLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: k BSR
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 0001 kkkk kkkk
Description: The eight-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into the
Bank Select Register (BSR). The value
of BSR<7:4> always remains ‘0’
regardless of the value of k7:k4.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write literal
‘k’ to BSR
Example: MOVLB 5
Before Instruction
BSR Register = 02h
After Instruction
BSR Register = 05h
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MOVLW M ov e Lite ral to W
Syntax: MOVLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: k W
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 1110 kkkk kkkk
Description: The eight-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into W.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
Example: MOVLW 5Ah
After Instruction
W=5Ah
MOVWF Move W to f
Syntax: MOVWF f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: (W) f
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0110 111a ffff ffff
Description: Move data from W to register ‘f’.
Location ‘f’ can be anywhere in the
256-byte bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index ed
Literal Offset Mod e” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example: MOVWF REG, 0
Before Instruction
W=4Fh
REG = FFh
After Instruction
W=4Fh
REG = 4Fh
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MULLW M ultipl y Literal with W
Syntax: MULLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) x k PRODH:PRODL
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 1101 kkkk kkkk
Description: An unsigned multiplication is carried
out between the contents of W and the
8-bit literal ‘k’. The 16-bit result is
placed in PRODH:PRODL register pair.
PRODH contains the high byte.
W is unchanged.
None of the Status flags are affected.
Note that neither Overflow nor Carry is
possible in this operation. A Zero result
is possible but not detected.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write
registers
PRODH:
PRODL
Example: MULLW 0C4h
Before Instruction
W=E2h
PRODH = ?
PRODL = ?
After Instruction
W=E2h
PRODH = ADh
PRODL = 08h
MULWF M u ltiply W wit h f
Syntax: MULWF f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: (W) x (f) PRODH:PRODL
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 001a ffff ffff
Description: An unsigned multiplication is carried out
between the contents of W and the
register file location ‘f’. The 16-bit result is
stored in the PRODH:PRODL register
pair. PRODH contains the high byte. Both
W and ‘f’ are unchanged.
None of the Status flags are affected.
Note that neither Overflow nor Carry is
possible in this operation. A Zero result is
possible but not detected.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If
‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set
is enabled, this instruction operates in
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index ed
Literal Offset Mod e” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
registers
PRODH:
PRODL
Example: MULWF REG, 1
Before Instruction
W=C4h
REG = B5h
PRODH = ?
PRODL = ?
After Instruction
W=C4h
REG = B5h
PRODH = 8Ah
PRODL = 94h
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NEGF Negate f
Syntax: NEGF f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) + 1 f
Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0110 110a ffff ffff
Description: Location ‘f’ is negated using two’s
complement. The result is placed in the
data memory location ‘f’.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Liter a l Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example: NEGF REG, 1
Before Instruction
REG = 0011 1010 [3Ah]
After Instruction
REG = 1100 0110 [C6h]
NOP No Operation
Syntax: NOP
Operands: None
Operation: No operation
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000
1111 0000
xxxx 0000
xxxx 0000
xxxx
Description: No operation.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example:
None.
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POP Pop Top of Return Stack
Syntax: POP
Operands: None
Operation: (TOS) bit bucket
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0110
Description: The TOS value is pulled off the return
stack and is discarded. The TOS value
then becomes the previous value that
was pushed onto the return stack.
This instruction is provided to enable
the user to properly manage the return
stack to incorporate a software stack.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No
operation
POP TOS
value
No
operation
Example: POP
GOTO NEW
Before Instruction
TOS = 0031A2h
Stack (1 level down) = 014332h
After Instruction
TOS = 014332h
PC = NEW
PUSH Push T op of Return Stack
Syntax: PUSH
Operands: None
Operation: (PC + 2) TOS
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0101
Description: The PC + 2 is pushed onto the top of
the return stack. The previous TOS
value is pushed down on the stack.
This instruction allows implementing a
software stack by modifying TOS and
then pushing it onto the return stack.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode PUSH
PC + 2 onto
return stack
No
operation
No
operation
Example: PUSH
Before Instruction
TOS = 345Ah
PC = 0124h
After Instruction
PC = 0126h
TOS = 0126h
Stack (1 level down) = 345Ah
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RCALL Relative Call
Syntax: RCALL n
Operands: -1024 n 1023
Operation: (PC) + 2 TOS,
(PC) + 2 + 2n PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1101 1nnn nnnn nnnn
Description: Subroutine call with a jump up to 1K
from the current location. First, return
address (PC + 2) is pushed onto the
stack. Then, add the 2’s complement
number ‘2n’ to the PC. Since the PC will
have incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a
two-cycle instruction.
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read literal
‘n’
PUSH PC
to stack
Process
Data
Write to PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE RCALL Jump
Before Instruction
PC = Address (HERE)
After Instruction
PC = Address (Jump)
TOS = Address (HERE + 2)
RESET Reset
Syntax: RESET
Operands: None
Operation: Reset all registers and flags that are
affected by a MCLR Reset.
Status Affected: All
Encoding: 0000 0000 1111 1111
Description: This instruction provides a way to
execute a MCLR Reset in software.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Start
reset
No
operation
No
operation
Example: RESET
After Instruction
Registers = Reset Value
Flags* = Reset Value
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RETFIE Return from Interrupt
Syntax: RETFIE {s}
Operands: s [0,1]
Operation: (TOS) PC,
1 GIE/GIEH or PEIE/GIEL;
if s = 1,
(WS) W,
(STATUSS) STATUS,
(BSRS) BSR,
PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged
Status Affected: GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL.
Encoding: 0000 0000 0001 000s
Description: Return from interrupt. Stack is popped
and Top-of-Stack (TOS) is loaded into
the PC. Interrupts are enabled by
setting either the high or low-priority
Global Interrupt Enable bit. If ‘s’ = 1, the
contents of the shadow registers WS,
STATUSS and BSRS are loaded into
their corresponding registers W,
STATUS and BSR. If ‘s’ = 0, no update
of these registers occurs (default).
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No
operation
No
operation
POP PC
from stack
Set GIEH or
GIEL
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: RETFIE 1
After Interrupt
PC = TOS
W=WS
BSR = BSRS
STATUS = STATUSS
GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL = 1
RETLW Return Literal to W
Syntax: RETLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: k W,
(TOS) PC,
PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 1100 kkkk kkkk
Description: W is loaded with the eight-bit literal ‘k’.
The program counter is loaded from the
top of the stack (the return address).
The high address latch (PCLATH)
remains unchanged.
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
POP PC
from stack,
write to W
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example:
CALL TABLE ; W contains table
; offset value
; W now has
; table value
:
TABLE
ADDWF PCL ; W = offset
RETLW k0 ; Begin table
RETLW k1 ;
:
:RETLW kn ; End of table
Before Instruction
W = 07h
After Instruction
W = value of kn
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RETURN Return from Subroutine
Syntax: RETURN {s}
Operands: s [0,1]
Operation: (TOS) PC;
if s = 1,
(WS) W,
(STATUSS) STATUS,
(BSRS) BSR,
PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 0000 0001 001s
Description: Return from subroutine. The stack is
popped and the top of the stack (TOS)
is loaded into the program counter. If
‘s’= 1, the contents of the shadow
registers WS, STATUSS and BSRS are
loaded into their corresponding
registers W, STATUS and BSR. If
‘s’ = 0, no update of these registers
occurs (default).
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No
operation
Process
Data
POP PC
from stack
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: RETURN
After Instruction:
PC = TOS
RLCF Rotate Left f through Carry
Syntax: RLCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f<n>) dest<n + 1>,
(f<7>) C,
(C) dest<0>
Status Affected: C, N, Z
Encoding: 0011 01da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated
one bit to the left through the Carry flag.
If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’
is ‘1’, the result is stored back in register
‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index ed
Literal Offset Mod e” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: RLCF REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 1110 0110
C=0
After Instruction
REG = 1110 0110
W=1100 1100
C=1
Cregister f
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RLNCF Rotate Left f (no carry)
Syntax: RLNCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f<n>) dest<n + 1>,
(f<7>) dest<0>
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0100 01da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated
one bit to the left. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
stored back in register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructi ons in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: RLNCF REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 1010 1011
After Instruction
REG = 0101 0111
register f
RRCF Rotate Right f through Carry
Syntax: RRCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f<n>) dest<n – 1>,
(f<0>) C,
(C) dest<7>
Status Affected: C, N, Z
Encoding: 0011 00da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated
one bit to the right through the Carry
flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W.
If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed back in
register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: RRCF REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 1110 0110
C=0
After Instruction
REG = 1110 0110
W=0111 0011
C=0
Cregister f
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RRNCF Rotate Right f (no carry)
Syntax: RRNCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f<n>) dest<n – 1>,
(f<0>) dest<7>
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0100 00da ffff ffff
Description: The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated
one bit to the right. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank will be
selected, overriding the BSR value. If ‘a’
is ‘1’, then the bank will be selected as
per the BSR value (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example 1: RRNCF REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 1101 0111
After Instruction
REG = 1110 1011
Example 2: RRNCF REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
W=?
REG = 1101 0111
After Instruction
W=1110 1011
REG = 1101 0111
register f
SETF Set f
Syntax: SETF f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: FFh f
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0110 100a ffff ffff
Description: The contents of the specified register
are set to FFh.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example: SETF REG,1
Before Instruction
REG = 5Ah
After Instruction
REG = FFh
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SLEEP Enter Sleep Mode
Syntax: SLEEP
Operands: None
Operation: 00h WDT,
0 WDT postscaler,
1 TO,
0 PD
Status Affected: TO, PD
Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 0011
Description: The Power-Down status bit (PD) is
cleared. The Time-out status bit (TO)
is set. The Watchdog Timer and its
postscaler are cleared.
The processor is put into Sleep mode
with the oscillator stopped.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No
operation
Process
Data
Go to
Sleep
Example: SLEEP
Before Instruction
TO =?
PD =?
After Instruction
TO =1 †
PD =0
† If WDT causes wake-up, this bit is cleared.
SUBFWB Subtract f from W with Borrow
Syntax: SUBFWB f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (W) – (f) – (C) dest
Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0101 01da ffff ffff
Description: Subtract register ‘f’ and Carry flag
(borrow) from W (2’s complement
method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in
W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored in
register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If
‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates in
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example 1: SUBFWB REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 3
W=2
C=1
After Instruction
REG = FF
W=2
C=0
Z=0
N = 1 ; result is negative
Example 2: SUBFWB REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 2
W=5
C=1
After Instruction
REG = 2
W=3
C=1
Z=0
N = 0 ; result is positive
Example 3: SUBFWB REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 1
W=2
C=0
After Instruction
REG = 0
W=2
C=1
Z = 1 ; result is zero
N=0
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SUBLW Subtract W from Literal
Syntax: SUBLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: k – (W) W
Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0000 1000 kkkk kkkk
Description: W is subtracted from the eight-bit
literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
Example 1: SUBLW 02h
Before Instruction
W = 01h
C=?
After Instruction
W = 01h
C = 1 ; result is positive
Z=0
N=0
Example 2: SUBLW 02h
Before Instruction
W = 02h
C=?
After Instruction
W = 00h
C = 1 ; result is zero
Z=1
N=0
Example 3: SUBLW 02h
Before Instruction
W = 03h
C=?
After Instruction
W = FFh ; (2’s complement)
C = 0 ; result is negative
Z=0
N=1
SUBWF Subtract W from f
Syntax: SUBWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) – (W) dest
Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0101 11da ffff ffff
Description: Subtract W from register ‘f’ (2’s
complement method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result
is stored back in register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Liter a l Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example 1: SUBWF REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 3
W=2
C=?
After Instruction
REG = 1
W=2
C = 1 ; result is positive
Z=0
N=0
Example 2: SUBWF REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 2
W=2
C=?
After Instruction
REG = 2
W=0
C = 1 ; result is zero
Z=1
N=0
Example 3: SUBWF REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 1
W=2
C=?
After Instruction
REG = FFh ;(2’s complement)
W=2
C = 0 ; result is negative
Z=0
N=1
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SUBWFB Subtract W from f with Borrow
Syntax: SUBWFB f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f) – (W) – (C) dest
Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0101 10da ffff ffff
Description: Subtract W and the Carry flag (borrow)
from register ‘f’ (2’s complement
method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored
in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back
in register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example 1: SUBWFB REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 19h (0001 1001)
W=0Dh(0000 1101)
C=1
After Instruction
REG = 0Ch (0000 1011)
W=0Dh(0000 1101)
C=1
Z=0
N = 0 ; result is positive
Example 2: SUBWFB REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 1Bh (0001 1011)
W=1Ah(0001 1010)
C=0
After Instruction
REG = 1Bh (0001 1011)
W = 00h
C=1
Z = 1 ; result is zero
N=0
Example 3: SUBWFB REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 03h (0000 0011)
W=0Eh(0000 1101)
C=1
After Instruction
REG = F5h (1111 0100)
; [2’s comp]
W=0Eh(0000 1101)
C=0
Z=0
N = 1 ; result is negative
SW APF Swap f
Syntax: SWAPF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (f<3:0>) dest<7:4>,
(f<7:4>) dest<3:0>
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0011 10da ffff ffff
Description: The upper and lower nibbles of register
‘f’ are exchanged. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed in register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Index e d
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: SWAPF REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = 53h
After Instruction
REG = 35h
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TBLRD Table Read
Syntax: TBLRD ( *; *+; *-; +*)
Operands: None
Operation: if TBLRD*,
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) TABLAT;
TBLPTR – No Change
if TBLRD*+,
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) TABLAT;
(TBLPTR) + 1 TBLPTR
if TBLRD*-,
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) TABLAT;
(TBLPTR) – 1 TBLPTR
if TBLRD +*,
(TBLPTR) + 1 TBLPTR;
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) TABLAT
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 10nn
nn=0 *
=1 *+
=2 *-
=3 +*
Description: This instruction is used to read the contents
of Program Memory (P.M.). To address the
program memory, a pointer called Table
Pointer (TBLPTR) is used.
The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to
each byte in the program memory. TBLPTR
has a 2-Mbyte address range.
TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte of
Program Memory Word
TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte of
Program Memory Word
The TBLRD instruction can modify the value
of TBLPTR as follows:
• no change
• post-increment
• post-decrement
• pre-increment
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No operation
(Read Program
Memory)
No
operation
No operation
(Write
TABLAT)
TBLRD Table Read (Con tinued)
Example 1: TBLRD *+ ;
Before Instruction
TABLAT = 55h
TBLPTR = 00A356h
MEMORY(00A356h) = 34h
After Instruction
TABLAT = 34h
TBLPTR = 00A357h
Example 2: TBLRD +* ;
Before Instruction
TABLAT = AAh
TBLPTR = 01A357h
MEMORY(01A357h) = 12h
MEMORY(01A358h) = 34h
After Instruction
TABLAT = 34h
TBLPTR = 01A358h
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TBLWT Table Write
Syntax: TBLWT ( *; *+; *-; +*)
Operands: None
Operation: if TBLWT*,
(TABLAT) Holding Register;
TBLPTR – No Change
if TBLWT*+,
(TABLAT) Holding Register;
(TBLPTR) + 1 TBLPTR
if TBLWT*-,
(TABLAT) Holding Register;
(TBLPTR) – 1 TBLPTR
if TBLWT+*,
(TBLPTR) + 1 TBLPTR;
(TABLAT) Holding Register
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 0000 0000 11nn
nn=0 *
=1 *+
=2 *-
=3 +*
Description: This instruction uses the 3 LSBs of
TBLPTR to determine which of the
8 holding registers the TABLAT is written
to. The holding registers are used to
program the contents of Program Memory
(P.M.). (Refer to Section 6.0 “Memory
Organization” for additional details on
programming Flash memory.)
The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to
each byte in the program memory.
TBLPTR has a 2-Mbyte address range.
The LSb of the TBLPTR selects which
byte of the program memory location to
access.
TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte
of Program Memory
Word
TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte
of Program Memory
Word
The TBLWT instruction can modify the
value of TBLPTR as follows:
• no change
• post-increment
• post-decrement
• pre-increment
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
(Read
TABLAT)
No
operation
No
operation
(Write to
Holding
Register)
TBLWT Table Write (Continued)
Example 1: TBLWT*+;
Before Instruction
TABLAT = 55h
TBLPTR = 00A356h
HOLDING REGISTER
(00A356h) = FFh
After Instructions (table write completion)
TABLAT = 55h
TBLPTR = 00A357h
HOLDING REGISTER
(00A356h) = 55h
Example 2: TBLWT +*;
Before Instruction
TABLAT = 34h
TBLPTR = 01389Ah
HOLDING REGISTER
(01389Ah) = FFh
HOLDING REGISTER
(01389Bh) = FFh
After Instruction (table write completion)
TABLAT = 34h
TBLPTR = 01389Bh
HOLDING REGISTER
(01389Ah) = FFh
HOLDING REGISTER
(01389Bh) = 34h
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TST FSZ Test f, Skip if 0
Syntax: TSTFSZ f {,a}
Operands: 0 f 255
a [0,1]
Operation: skip if f = 0
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0110 011a ffff ffff
Description: If ‘f’ = 0, the next instruction fetched
during the current instruction execution
is discarded and a NOP is executed,
making this a two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
If skip:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE TSTFSZ CNT, 1
NZERO :
ZERO :
Before Instruction
PC = Address (HERE)
After Instruction
If CNT = 00h,
PC = Address (ZERO)
If CNT 00h,
PC = Address (NZERO)
XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with W
Syntax: XORLW k
Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: (W) .XOR. k W
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0000 1010 kkkk kkkk
Description: The contents of W are XORed with
the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed
in W.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
Example: XORLW 0AFh
Before Instruction
W=B5h
After Instruction
W=1Ah
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XORWF Exclusive OR W with f
Syntax: XORWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands: 0 f 255
d [0,1]
a [0,1]
Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) dest
Status Affected: N, Z
Encoding: 0001 10da ffff ffff
Description: Exclusive OR the contents of W with
register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored
in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back
in the register ‘f’ (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank (default).
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f 95 (5Fh). See
Section 26.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: XORWF REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG = AFh
W=B5h
After Instruction
REG = 1Ah
W=B5h
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26.2 Extended Instruction Set
In addition to the standard 75 instructions of the PIC18
instruction set, the PIC18F97J60 family of devices also
provide an optional extension to the core CPU function-
ality. The added features include eight additional
instructions that augment Indirect and Indexed
Addressing operations and the implementation of
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing for many of the
standard PIC18 instructions.
The additional features of the extended instruction set
are enabled by default on unprogrammed devices.
Users must properly set or clear the XINST Configura-
tion bit during programming to enable or disable these
features.
The instructions in the extended set can all be
classified as literal operations, which either manipulate
the File Select Registers, or use them for Indexed
Addressing. Two of the instructions, ADDFSR and
SUBFSR, each have an additional special instantiation
for using FSR2. These versions (ADDULNK and
SUBULNK) allow for automatic return after execution.
The extended instructions are specifically implemented
to optimize reentrant program code (that is, code that is
recursive or that uses a software stack) written in
high-level languages, particularly C. Among other
things, they allow users working in high-level
languages to perform certain operations on data
structures more efficiently. These include:
• Dynamic allocation and deallocation of software
stack space when entering and leaving
subroutines
• Function Pointer invocation
• Software Stack Pointer manipulation
• Manipulation of variables located in a software
stack
A summary of the instructions in the extended instruc-
tion set is provided in Tab l e 26-3 . Detailed descriptions
are provided in Section 26.2.2 “Extended Instruction
Set”. The opcode field descriptions in Tab l e 26-1 (page
376) apply to both the standard and extended PIC18
instruction sets.
26.2.1 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SYNTAX
Most of the extended instructions use indexed argu-
ments, using one of the File Select Registers and some
offset to specify a source or destination register. When
an argument for an instruction serves as part of
Indexed Addressing, it is enclosed in square brackets
(“[ ]”). This is done to indicate that the argument is used
as an index or offset. The MPASM™ Assembler will
flag an error if it determines that an index or offset value
is not bracketed.
When the extended instruction set is enabled, brackets
are also used to indicate index arguments in
byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions. This is in
addition to other changes in their syntax. For more
details, see Section 26.2.3.1 “Extended Instruction
Syntax with Standard PIC18 Commands”.
TABLE 26-3: EXTENSIONS TO THE PIC18 INSTRUCTION SET
Note: The instruction set extension and the
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
were designed for optimizing applications
written in C; the user may likely never use
these instructions directly in assembler.
The syntax for these commands is
provided as a reference for users who
may be reviewing code that has been
generated by a compiler.
Note: In the past, square brackets have been
used to denote optional arguments in the
PIC18 and earlier instruction sets. In this
text and going forward, optional
arguments are denoted by braces (“{ }”).
Mnemonic,
Operands Description Cycles 16-Bit Instruction Word Status
Affected
MSb LSb
ADDFSR
ADDULNK
CALLW
MOVSF
MOVSS
PUSHL
SUBFSR
SUBULNK
f, k
k
zs, fd
zs, zd
k
f, k
k
Add Literal to FSR
Add Literal to FSR2 and Return
Call Subroutine using WREG
Move zs (source) to 1st word
fd (destination) 2nd word
Move zs (source) to 1st word
zd (destination) 2nd word
Store Literal at FSR2,
Decrement FSR2
Subtract Literal from FSR
Subtract Literal from FSR2 and
Return
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1110
1110
0000
1110
1111
1110
1111
1110
1110
1110
1000
1000
0000
1011
ffff
1011
xxxx
1010
1001
1001
ffkk
11kk
0001
0zzz
ffff
1zzz
xzzz
kkkk
ffkk
11kk
kkkk
kkkk
0100
zzzz
ffff
zzzz
zzzz
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
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26.2.2 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET
ADDFSR Add Literal to FSR
Syntax: ADDFSR f, k
Operands: 0 k 63
f [ 0, 1, 2 ]
Operation: FSR(f) + k FSR(f)
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 1000 ffkk kkkk
Description: The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is added to the
contents of the FSR specified by ‘f’.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
FSR
Example: ADDFSR 2, 23h
Before Instruction
FSR2 = 03FFh
After Instruction
FSR2 = 0422h
ADDULNK Add Literal to FSR2 and Return
Syntax: ADDULNK k
Operands: 0 k 63
Operation: FSR2 + k FSR2,
(TOS) PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 1000 11kk kkkk
Description: The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is added to the
contents of FSR2. A RETURN is then
executed by loading the PC with the
TOS.
The instruction takes two cycles to
execute; a NOP is performed during
the second cycle.
This may be thought of as a special
case of the ADDFSR instruction,
where f = 3 (binary ‘11’); it operates
only on FSR2.
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
FSR
No
Operation
No
Operation
No
Operation
No
Operation
Example: ADDULNK 23h
Before Instruction
FSR2 = 03FFh
PC = 0100h
After Instruction
FSR2 = 0422h
PC = (TOS)
Note: All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in
symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction format then becomes: {label} instruction argument(s).
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 419
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CALLW Subr o utine C all using WREG
Syntax: CALLW
Operands: None
Operation: (PC + 2) TOS,
(W) PCL,
(PCLATH) PCH,
(PCLATU) PCU
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0000 0000 0001 0100
Description First, the return address (PC + 2) is
pushed onto the return stack. Next, the
contents of W are written to PCL; the
existing value is discarded. Then, the
contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are
latched into PCH and PCU,
respectively. The second cycle is
executed as a NOP instruction while the
new next instruction is fetched.
Unlike CALL, there is no option to
update W, STATUS or BSR.
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
WREG
Push PC to
stack
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Example: HERE CALLW
Before Instruction
PC = address (HERE)
PCLATH = 10h
PCLATU = 00h
W = 06h
After Instruction
PC = 001006h
TOS = address (HERE + 2)
PCLATH = 10h
PCLATU = 00h
W = 06h
MOV S F Move In de xed to f
Syntax: MOVSF [zs], fd
Operands: 0 zs 127
0 fd 4095
Operation: ((FSR2) + zs) fd
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
1st word (source)
2nd word (destin.)
1110
1111 1011
ffff 0zzz
ffff zzzzs
ffffd
Description: The contents of the source register are
moved to destination register ‘fd’. The
actual address of the source register is
determined by adding the 7-bit literal
offset ‘zs’, in the first word, to the value
of FSR2. The address of the destination
register is specified by the 12-bit literal
‘fd’ in the second word. Both addresses
can be anywhere in the 4096-byte data
space (000h to FFFh).
The MOVSF instruction cannot use the
PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the
destination register.
If the resultant source address points to
an indirect addressing register, the
value returned will be 00h.
Words: 2
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Determine
source addr
Determine
source addr
Read
source reg
Decode No
operation
No dummy
read
No
operation
Write
register ‘f’
(dest)
Example: MOVSF [05h], REG2
Before Instruction
FSR2 = 80h
Contents
of 85h = 33h
REG2 = 11h
After Instruction
FSR2 = 80h
Contents
of 85h = 33h
REG2 = 33h
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MOVSS Move Indexed to Indexed
Syntax: MOVSS [zs], [zd]
Operands: 0 zs 127
0 zd 127
Operation: ((FSR2) + zs) ((FSR2) + zd)
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
1st word (source)
2nd word (dest.)
1110
1111 1011
xxxx 1zzz
xzzz zzzzs
zzzzd
Description The contents of the source register are
moved to the destination register. The
addresses of the source and destination
registers are determined by adding the
7-bit literal offsets ‘zs’ or ‘zd’,
respectively, to the value of FSR2. Both
registers can be located anywhere in
the 4096-byte data memory space
(000h to FFFh).
The MOVSS instruction cannot use the
PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the
destination register.
If the resultant source address points to
an indirect addressing register, the
value returned will be 00h. If the
resultant destination address points to
an indirect addressing register, the
instruction will execute as a NOP.
Words: 2
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Determine
source addr
Determine
source addr
Read
source reg
Decode Determine
dest addr
Determine
dest addr
Write
to dest reg
Example: MOVSS [05h], [06h]
Before Instruction
FSR2 = 80h
Contents
of 85h = 33h
Contents
of 86h = 11h
After Instruction
FSR2 = 80h
Contents
of 85h = 33h
Contents
of 86h = 33h
PUSHL Store Literal at FSR2, Decrement FSR2
Syntax: PUSHL k
Operands: 0k 255
Operation: k (FSR2),
FSR2 – 1 FSR2
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 1010 kkkk kkkk
Description: The 8-bit literal ‘k’ is written to the data
memory address specified by FSR2.
FSR2 is decremented by 1 after the
operation.
This instruction allows users to push
values onto a software stack.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read ‘k’ Process
data
Write to
destination
Example: PUSHL 08h
Before Instruction
FSR2H:FSR2L = 01ECh
Memory (01ECh) = 00h
After Instruction
FSR2H:FSR2L = 01EBh
Memory (01ECh) = 08h
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SUBFSR Subtract Literal from FSR
Syntax: SUBFSR f, k
Operands: 0 k 63
f [ 0, 1, 2 ]
Operation: FSRf – k FSRf
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 1001 ffkk kkkk
Description: The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is subtracted from
the contents of the FSR specified
by ‘f’.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: SUBFSR 2, 23h
Before Instruction
FSR2 = 03FFh
After Instruction
FSR2 = 03DCh
SUBULNK Subtract Literal from FSR2 and R e turn
Syntax: SUBULNK k
Operands: 0 k 63
Operation: FSR2 – k FSR2,
(TOS) PC
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1110 1001 11kk kkkk
Description: The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is subtracted from the
contents of the FSR2. A RETURN is then
executed by loading the PC with the
TOS.
The instruction takes two cycles to
execute; a NOP is performed during the
second cycle.
This may be thought of as a special case
of the SUBFSR instruction, where f = 3
(binary ‘11’); it operates only on FSR2.
Words: 1
Cycles: 2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
No
Operation
No
Operation
No
Operation
No
Operation
Example: SUBULNK 23h
Before Instruction
FSR2 = 03FFh
PC = 0100h
After Instruction
FSR2 = 03DCh
PC = (TOS)
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26.2.3 BYTE-ORIENTED AND
BIT-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS IN
INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE
In addition to eight new commands in the extended set,
enabling the extended instruction set also enables
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing (Section 6.6.1
“Indexed Addressing with Literal Offset”). This has
a significant impact on the way that many commands of
the standard PIC18 instruction set are interpreted.
When the extended set is disabled, addresses embed-
ded in opcodes are treated as literal memory locations:
either as a location in the Access Bank (a = 0) or in a
GPR bank designated by the BSR (a = 1). When the
extended instruction set is enabled and a = 0, however,
a file register argument of 5Fh or less is interpreted as
an offset from the pointer value in FSR2 and not as a
literal address. For practical purposes, this means that
all instructions that use the Access RAM bit as an
argument – that is, all byte-oriented and bit-oriented
instructions, or almost half of the core PIC18 instruc-
tions – may behave differently when the extended
instruction set is enabled.
When the content of FSR2 is 00h, the boundaries of the
Access RAM are essentially remapped to their original
values. This may be useful in creating
backward-compatible code. If this technique is used, it
may be necessary to save the value of FSR2 and
restore it when moving back and forth between C and
assembly routines in order to preserve the Stack
Pointer. Users must also keep in mind the syntax
requirements of the extended instruction set (see
Section 26.2.3.1 “Extended Instruction Syntax with
Standard PIC18 Commands”).
Although the Indexed Literal Offset mode can be very
useful for dynamic stack and pointer manipulation, it
can also be very annoying if a simple arithmetic opera-
tion is carried out on the wrong register. Users who are
accustomed to the PIC18 programming must keep in
mind that, when the extended instruction set is
enabled, register addresses of 5Fh or less are used for
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing.
Representative examples of typical byte-oriented and
bit-oriented instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset
mode are provided on the following page to show how
execution is affected. The operand conditions shown in
the examples are applicable to all instructions of these
types.
26.2.3.1 Extended Instruction Syntax with
Standard PIC18 Commands
When the extended instruction set is enabled, the file
register argument ‘f’ in the standard byte-oriented and
bit-oriented commands is replaced with the literal offset
value ‘k’. As already noted, this occurs only when ‘f’ is
less than or equal to 5Fh. When an offset value is used,
it must be indicated by square brackets (“[ ]”). As with
the extended instructions, the use of brackets indicates
to the compiler that the value is to be interpreted as an
index or an offset. Omitting the brackets, or using a
value greater than 5Fh within the brackets, will
generate an error in the MPASM Assembler.
If the index argument is properly bracketed for Indexed
Literal Offset Addressing, the Access RAM argument is
never specified; it will automatically be assumed to be
‘0’. This is in contrast to standard operation (extended
instruction set disabled), when ‘a’ is set on the basis of
the target address. Declaring the Access RAM bit in
this mode will also generate an error in the MPASM
Assembler.
The destination argument ‘d’ functions as before.
In the latest versions of the MPASM Assembler,
language support for the extended instruction set must
be explicitly invoked. This is done with either the
command line option, /y, or the PE directive in the
source listing.
26.2.4 CONSIDERATIONS WHEN
ENABLING THE EXTENDED
INSTRUCTION SET
It is important to note that the extensions to the instruc-
tion set may not be beneficial to all users. In particular,
users who are not writing code that uses a software
stack may not benefit from using the extensions to the
instruction set.
Additionally, the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode may create issues with legacy applications
written to the PIC18 assembler. This is because
instructions in the legacy code may attempt to address
registers in the Access Bank below 5Fh. Since these
addresses are interpreted as literal offsets to FSR2
when the instruction set extension is enabled, the
application may read or write to the wrong data
addresses.
When porting an application to the PIC18F97J60 fam-
ily, it is very important to consider the type of code. A
large, reentrant application that is written in C and
would benefit from efficient compilation will do well
when using the instruction set extensions. Legacy
applications that heavily use the Access Bank will most
likely not benefit from using the extended instruction
set.
Note: Enabling the PIC18 instruction set exten-
sion may cause legacy applications to
behave erratically or fail entirely.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 423
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ADDWF ADD W to Indexed
(Indexed Literal Offset mode)
Syntax: ADDWF [k] {,d}
Operands: 0 k 95
d [0,1]
Operation: (W) + ((FSR2) + k) dest
Status Affected: N, OV, C, DC, Z
Encoding: 0010 01d0 kkkk kkkk
Description: The contents of W are added to the
contents of the register indicated by
FSR2, offset by the value ‘k’.
If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’
is ‘1’, the result is stored back in
register ‘f’ (default).
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read ‘k’ Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: ADDWF [OFST] ,0
Before Instruction
W = 17h
OFST = 2Ch
FSR2 = 0A00h
Contents
of 0A2Ch = 20h
After Instruction
W = 37h
Contents
of 0A2Ch = 20h
BSF Bit Set Indexed
(Indexed Literal Offset mode)
Syntax: BSF [k], b
Operands: 0 f 95
0 b 7
Operation: 1 ((FSR2) + k)<b>
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 1000 bbb0 kkkk kkkk
Description: Bit ‘b’ of the register indicated by FSR2,
offset by the value ‘k’, is set.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example: BSF [FLAG_OFST], 7
Before Instruction
FLAG_OFST = 0Ah
FSR2 = 0A00h
Contents
of 0A0Ah = 55h
After Instruction
Contents
of 0A0Ah = D5h
SETF Set Indexed
(Indexed Literal Offset mode)
Syntax: SETF [k]
Operands: 0 k 95
Operation: FFh ((FSR2) + k)
Status Affected: None
Encoding: 0110 1000 kkkk kkkk
Description: The contents of the register indicated by
FSR2, offset by ‘k’, are set to FFh.
Words: 1
Cycles: 1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Decode Read ‘k’ Process
Data
Write
register
Example: SETF [OFST]
Before Instruction
OFST = 2Ch
FSR2 = 0A00h
Contents
of 0A2Ch = 00h
After Instruction
Contents
of 0A2Ch = FFh
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 424 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
26.2.5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH
MICROCHIP MPLAB® IDE TOOLS
The latest versions of Microchip’s software tools have
been designed to fully support the extended instruction
set for the PIC18F97J60 family. This includes the
MPLAB C18 C Compiler, MPASM assembly language
and MPLAB Integrated Development Environment
(IDE).
When selecting a target device for software
development, MPLAB IDE will automatically set default
Configuration bits for that device. The default setting for
the XINST Configuration bit is ‘0’, disabling the
extended instruction set and Indexed Literal Offset
Addressing. For proper execution of applications
developed to take advantage of the extended
instruction set, XINST must be set during
programming.
To develop software for the extended instruction set,
the user must enable support for the instructions and
the Indexed Addressing mode in their language tool(s).
Depending on the environment being used, this may be
done in several ways:
• A menu option or dialog box within the
environment that allows the user to configure the
language tool and its settings for the project
• A command line option
• A directive in the source code
These options vary between different compilers,
assemblers and development environments. Users are
encouraged to review the documentation accompany-
ing their development systems for the appropriate
information.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 425
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
27.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
The PIC® microcontrollers and dsPIC® digital signal
controllers are supported with a full range of software
and hardware development tools:
• Integrated Development Environment
- MPLAB® IDE Software
• Compilers/Assemblers/Linkers
- MPLAB C Compiler for Various Device
Families
- HI-TECH C for Various Device Families
- MPASMTM Assembler
-MPLINK
TM Object Linker/
MPLIBTM Object Librarian
- MPLAB Assembler/Linker/Librarian for
Various Device Families
• Simulators
- MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
•Emulators
- MPLAB REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator
• In-Circuit Debuggers
- MPLAB ICD 3
- PICkit™ 3 Debug Express
• Device Programmers
- PICkit™ 2 Programmer
- MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer
• Low-Cost Demonstration/Development Boards,
Evaluation Kits, and Starter Kits
27.1 MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software
The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software
development previously unseen in the 8/16/32-bit
microcontroller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows®
operating system-based application that contains:
• A single graphical interface to all debugging tools
- Simulator
- Programmer (sold separately)
- In-Circuit Emulator (sold separately)
- In-Circuit Debugger (sold separately)
• A full-featured editor with color-coded context
• A multiple project manager
• Customizable data windows with direct edit of
contents
• High-level source code debugging
• Mouse over variable inspection
• Drag and drop variables from source to watch
windows
• Extensive on-line help
• Integration of select third party tools, such as
IAR C Compilers
The MPLAB IDE allows you to:
• Edit your source files (either C or assembly)
• One-touch compile or assemble, and download to
emulator and simulator tools (automatically
updates all project information)
• Debug using:
- Source files (C or assembly)
- Mixed C and assembly
- Machine code
MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a
single development paradigm, from the cost-effective
simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to
full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning
curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility
and power.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 426 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
27.2 MPLAB C Compilers for Various
Device Families
The MPLAB C Compiler code development systems
are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip’s PIC18,
PIC24 and PIC32 families of microcontrollers and the
dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 families of digital signal control-
lers. These compilers provide powerful integration
capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of
use.
For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide
symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE
debugger.
27.3 HI-TECH C for Vario us Device
Families
The HI-TECH C Compiler code development systems
are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip’s PIC
family of microcontrollers and the dsPIC family of digital
signal controllers. These compilers provide powerful
integration capabilities, omniscient code generation
and ease of use.
For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide
symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE
debugger.
The compilers include a macro assembler, linker, pre-
processor, and one-step driver, and can run on multiple
platforms.
27.4 MPASM Assembler
The MPASM Assembler is a full-featured, universal
macro assembler for PIC10/12/16/18 MCUs.
The MPASM Assembler generates relocatable object
files for the MPLINK Object Linker, Intel® standard HEX
files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol
reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines
and generated machine code and COFF files for
debugging.
The MPASM Assembler features include:
• Integration into MPLAB IDE projects
• User-defined macros to streamline
assembly code
• Conditional assembly for multi-purpose
source files
• Directives that allow complete control over the
assembly process
27.5 MPLINK Object Linker/
MPLIB Object Librarian
The MPLINK Object Linker combines relocatable
objects created by the MPASM Assembler and the
MPLAB C18 C Compiler. It can link relocatable objects
from precompiled libraries, using directives from a
linker script.
The MPLIB Object Librarian manages the creation and
modification of library files of precompiled code. When
a routine from a library is called from a source file, only
the modules that contain that routine will be linked in
with the application. This allows large libraries to be
used efficiently in many different applications.
The object linker/library features include:
• Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many
smaller files
• Enhanced code maintainability by grouping
related modules together
• Flexible creation of libraries with easy module
listing, replacement, deletion and extraction
27.6 MPLAB Assembler, Linker and
Librarian for Various Device
Families
MPLAB Assembler produces relocatable machine
code from symbolic assembly language for PIC24,
PIC32 and dsPIC devices. MPLAB C Compiler uses
the assembler to produce its object file. The assembler
generates relocatable object files that can then be
archived or linked with other relocatable object files and
archives to create an executable file. Notable features
of the assembler include:
• Support for the entire device instruction set
• Support for fixed-point and floating-point data
• Command line interface
• Rich directive set
• Flexible macro language
• MPLAB IDE compatibility
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 427
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
27.7 MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator allows code
development in a PC-hosted environment by simulat-
ing the PIC MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs on an instruction
level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be
examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from
a comprehensive stimulus controller. Registers can be
logged to files for further run-time analysis. The trace
buffer and logic analyzer display extend the power of
the simulator to record and track program execution,
actions on I/O, most peripherals and internal registers.
The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator fully supports
symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C Compilers,
and the MPASM and MPLAB Assemblers. The soft-
ware simulator offers the flexibility to develop and
debug code outside of the hardware laboratory envi-
ronment, making it an excellent, economical software
development tool.
27.8 MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit
Emulator System
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System is
Microchip’s next generation high-speed emulator for
Microchip Flash DSC and MCU devices. It debugs and
programs PIC® Flash MCUs and dsPIC® Flash DSCs
with the easy-to-use, powerful graphical user interface of
the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE),
included with each kit.
The emulator is connected to the design engineer’s PC
using a high-speed USB 2.0 interface and is connected
to the target with either a connector compatible with in-
circuit debugger systems (RJ11) or with the new high-
speed, noise tolerant, Low-Voltage Differential Signal
(LVDS) interconnection (CAT5).
The emulator is field upgradable through future firmware
downloads in MPLAB IDE. In upcoming releases of
MPLAB IDE, new devices will be supported, and new
features will be added. MPLAB REAL ICE offers
significant advantages over competitive emulators
including low-cost, full-speed emulation, run-time
variable watches, trace analysis, complex breakpoints, a
ruggedized probe interface and long (up to three meters)
interconnection cables.
27.9 MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger
System
MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger System is Micro-
chip's most cost effective high-speed hardware
debugger/programmer for Microchip Flash Digital Sig-
nal Controller (DSC) and microcontroller (MCU)
devices. It debugs and programs PIC® Flash microcon-
trollers and dsPIC® DSCs with the powerful, yet easy-
to-use graphical user interface of MPLAB Integrated
Development Environment (IDE).
The MPLAB ICD 3 In-Circuit Debugger probe is con-
nected to the design engineer's PC using a high-speed
USB 2.0 interface and is connected to the target with a
connector compatible with the MPLAB ICD 2 or MPLAB
REAL ICE systems (RJ-11). MPLAB ICD 3 supports all
MPLAB ICD 2 headers.
27.10 PICkit 3 In-Circuit Debugger/
Programmer and
PICkit 3 Debug Express
The MPLAB PICkit 3 allows debugging and program-
ming of PIC® and dsPIC® Flash microcontrollers at a
most affordable price point using the powerful graphical
user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment (IDE). The MPLAB PICkit 3 is connected
to the design engineer's PC using a full speed USB
interface and can be connected to the target via an
Microchip debug (RJ-11) connector (compatible with
MPLAB ICD 3 and MPLAB REAL ICE). The connector
uses two device I/O pins and the reset line to imple-
ment in-circuit debugging and In-Circuit Serial Pro-
gramming™.
The PICkit 3 Debug Express include the PICkit 3, demo
board and microcontroller, hookup cables and CDROM
with user’s guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and
MPLAB IDE software.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 428 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
27.11 PICkit 2 Development
Programmer/Debugger and
PICkit 2 Debug Express
The PICkit™ 2 Development Programmer/Debugger is
a low-cost development tool with an easy to use inter-
face for programming and debugging Microchip’s Flash
families of microcontrollers. The full featured
Windows® programming interface supports baseline
(PIC10F, PIC12F5xx, PIC16F5xx), midrange
(PIC12F6xx, PIC16F), PIC18F, PIC24, dsPIC30,
dsPIC33, and PIC32 families of 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit
microcontrollers, and many Microchip Serial EEPROM
products. With Microchip’s powerful MPLAB Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) the PICkit™ 2
enables in-circuit debugging on most PIC® microcon-
trollers. In-Circuit-Debugging runs, halts and single
steps the program while the PIC microcontroller is
embedded in the application. When halted at a break-
point, the file registers can be examined and modified.
The PICkit 2 Debug Express include the PICkit 2, demo
board and microcontroller, hookup cables and CDROM
with user’s guide, lessons, tutorial, compiler and
MPLAB IDE software.
27.12 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer
The MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer is a universal,
CE compliant device programmer with programmable
voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for
maximum reliability. It features a large LCD display
(128 x 64) for menus and error messages and a modu-
lar, detachable socket assembly to support various
package types. The ICSP™ cable assembly is included
as a standard item. In Stand-Alone mode, the MPLAB
PM3 Device Programmer can read, verify and program
PIC devices without a PC connection. It can also set
code protection in this mode. The MPLAB PM3
connects to the host PC via an RS-232 or USB cable.
The MPLAB PM3 has high-speed communications and
optimized algorithms for quick programming of large
memory devices and incorporates an MMC card for file
storage and data applications.
27.13 Demonstration/Development
Boards, Evaluation Kits, and
Starter Kits
A wide variety of demonstration, development and
evaluation boards for various PIC MCUs and dsPIC
DSCs allows quick application development on fully func-
tional systems. Most boards include prototyping areas for
adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware
and source code for examination and modification.
The boards support a variety of features, including LEDs,
temperature sensors, switches, speakers, RS-232
interfaces, LCD displays, potentiometers and additional
EEPROM memory.
The demonstration and development boards can be
used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom
circuits and for learning about various microcontroller
applications.
In addition to the PICDEM™ and dsPICDEM™ demon-
stration/development board series of circuits, Microchip
has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software
for analog filter design, KEELOQ® security ICs, CAN,
IrDA®, PowerSmart battery management, SEEVAL®
evaluation system, Sigma-Delta ADC, flow rate
sensing, plus many more.
Also available are starter kits that contain everything
needed to experience the specified device. This usually
includes a single application and debug capability, all
on one board.
Check the Microchip web page (www.microchip.com)
for the complete list of demonstration, development
and evaluation kits.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 429
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
28.0 ELECTR ICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Absolute Maximum Ratings(†)
Ambient temperature under bias.............................................................................................................-40°C to +100°C
Storage temperature .............................................................................................................................. -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on any digital only input pin or MCLR with respect to VSS (except VDD) ........................................ -0.3V to 6.0V
Voltage on any combined digital and analog pin with respect to VSS ............................................. -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Voltage on VDDCORE with respect to VSS ................................................................................................... -0.3V to 2.75V
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ........................................................................................................... -0.3V to 4.0V
Total power dissipation (Note 1) ...............................................................................................................................1.0W
Maximum current out of VSS pin ...........................................................................................................................300 mA
Maximum current into VDD pin ..............................................................................................................................250 mA
Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD) (Note 2) 0mA
Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) (Note 2) 0mA
Maximum output current sunk by any PORTB and PORTC I/O pins......................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ I/O pins ..........................................................8 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any PORTA, PORTF, PORTG and PORTH I/O pins (Note 3) .............................2 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any PORTB and PORTC I/O pins.................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ I/O pins.....................................................8 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any PORTA, PORTF, PORTG and PORTH I/O pins (Note 3)........................2 mA
Maximum current sunk byall ports combined.......................................................................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by all ports combined..................................................................................................200 mA
Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows:
Pdis = VDD x {IDD – IOH} + {(VDD – VOH) x IOH} + (VOL x IOL) + (VTPOUT x ITPOUT)
2: No clamping diodes are present.
3: Exceptions are RA<1> and RA<0>, which are capable of directly driving LEDs up to 25 mA.
† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 430 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 28-1: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY V OLT AGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, REGULATOR ENABLED
(ENVREG TIED TO VDD)
FIGURE 28-2: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY V OLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, REGULATOR DISABLED
(ENVREG TIED TO VSS)
Frequency
Voltage (VDD)(1)
4.0V
2.0V
41.6667 MHz
3.5V
3.0V
2.5V
3.6V
PIC18F6XJ6X/8XJ6X/9XJ6X
2.7V
0
Note 1: When the on-chip regulator is enabled, its BOR circuit will automatically trigger a device Reset
before VDD reaches a level at which full-speed operation is not possible.
Frequency
Voltage (VDDCORE)(1)
3.00V
2.00V
41.6667 MHz
2.75V
2.50V
2.25V
2.7V
4 MHz
2.35V
Note 1: When the on-chip voltage regulator is disabled, VDD and VDDCORE must be maintained so that
VDDCOREVDD3.6V.
For frequencies between 4 MHz and 41.6667 MHz, FMAX = (107.619 MHz/V) * (VDDCORE – 2V) + 4 MHz.
PIC18F6XJ6X/8XJ6X/9XJ6X
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 431
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
28.1 DC Characteristics: Supply Voltage, PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial)
PIC18F97J 60 Fam ily
(Industrial) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
D001 VDD Supply Voltage VDDCORE
2.7
3.1
—
—
—
3.6
3.6
3.6
V
V
V
ENVREG tied to VSS
ENVREG tied to VDD
Ethernet module enabled
(ECON2<5> = 1)
D001B VDDCORE External Supply for
Microcontroller Core 2.0 — 2.7 V
D001C AVDD Analog Supply Voltage VDD – 0.3 — VDD + 0.3 V
D002 VDR RAM Data Retention
Voltage(1) 1.5 — — V
D003 VPOR VDD Power-on Reset
Voltage
— — 0.7 V See Section 5.3 “Power-on
Reset (POR)” for details
D004 SVDD VDD Rise Rate
to Ensure Internal
Power-on Reset
0.05 — — V/ms See Section 5.3 “Power-on
Reset (POR)” for details
D005 BOR Brown-out Reset 2.35 2.4 2.7 V
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in Sleep mode, or during a device Reset, without losing RAM
data.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 432 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
28.2 DC Characteri stics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial)
PIC18F97J60 Family
(Industrial) S tandard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions
Power-Down Current (IPD)(1)
All devices 19.0 69.0 A -40°C VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
(Sleep mode)
21.0 69.0 A +25°C
45.0 149.0 A +85°C
All devices 26.0 104.0 A-40°C VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
(Sleep mode)
29.0 104.0 A +25°C
60.0 184.0 A +85°C
All devices 40.0 203.0 A-40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
(Sleep mode)
44.0 203.0 A +25°C
105.0 209.0 A +85°C
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
4: Voltage regulator disabled (ENVREG = 0, tied to VSS).
5: Voltage regulator enabled (ENVREG = 1, tied to VDD).
6: For IETH, the specified current includes current sunk through TPOUT+ and TPOUT-. LEDA and LEDB are disabled for
all testing.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 433
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
Supply Current (IDD)(2,3)
All devices 12.0 34.0 A -40°C
VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
FOSC = 31 kHz
(RC_RUN mode,
Internal Oscillator Source)
12.0 34.0 A+25°C
74.0 108.0 A+85°C
All devices 20.0 45.0 A -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
20.0 45.0 A+25°C
82.0 126.0 A+85°C
All devices 105.0 168.0 A -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
105.0 168.0 A+25°C
182.0 246.0 A+85°C
All devices 8.0 32.0 A -40°C
VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
FOSC = 31 kHz
(RC_IDLE mode,
Internal Oscillator Source)
8.0 32.0 A+25°C
62.0 98.0 A+85°C
All devices 12.0 35.0 A -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
12.0 35.0 A+25°C
70.0 95.0 A+85°C
All devices 90.0 152.0 A -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
90.0 152.0 A+25°C
170.0 225.0 A+85°C
28.2 DC Characteri stics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F97J60 Family
(Industrial) S tandard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
4: Voltage regulator disabled (ENVREG = 0, tied to VSS).
5: Voltage regulator enabled (ENVREG = 1, tied to VDD).
6: For IETH, the specified current includes current sunk through TPOUT+ and TPOUT-. LEDA and LEDB are disabled for
all testing.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 434 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Supply Current (IDD)(2)
All devices 0.8 1.5 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
FOSC = 1 MHZ
(PRI_RUN mode,
EC oscillator)
0.8 1.5 mA +25°C
0.9 1.7 mA +85°C
All devices 1.1 1.8 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
1.1 1.8 mA +25°C
1.2 2.0 mA +85°C
All devices 2.1 3.4 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
2.0 3.4 mA +25°C
2.1 3.4 mA +85°C
All devices 9.2 14.5 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
FOSC = 25 MHz
(PRI_RUN mode,
EC oscillator)
9.0 14.5 mA +25°C
9.2 14.5 mA +85°C
All devices 13.0 18.4 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
12.4 18.4 mA +25°C
13.0 18.4 mA +85°C
All devices 13.4 19.8 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4) FOSC = 41.6667 MHZ
(PRI_RUN mode,
EC oscillator)
13.0 19.8 mA +25°C
13.4 19.8 mA +85°C
All devices 14.5 21.6 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
14.4 21.6 mA +25°C
14.5 21.6 mA +85°C
28.2 DC Characteri stics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F97J60 Family
(Industrial) S tandard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
4: Voltage regulator disabled (ENVREG = 0, tied to VSS).
5: Voltage regulator enabled (ENVREG = 1, tied to VDD).
6: For IETH, the specified current includes current sunk through TPOUT+ and TPOUT-. LEDA and LEDB are disabled for
all testing.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 435
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
Supply Current (IDD)(2)
All devices 2.8 5.2 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4) FOSC = 25 MHZ,
2.7778 MHz internal
(PRI_RUN HS mode)
2.5 5.2 mA +25°C
2.8 5.2 mA +85°C
All devices 3.6 6.4 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
3.3 6.4 mA +25°C
3.6 6.4 mA +85°C
All devices 6.4 11.0 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4) FOSC = 25 MHZ,
13.8889 MHz internal
(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)
6.0 11.0 mA +25°C
6.4 11.0 mA +85°C
All devices 7.8 12.5 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
7.4 12.5 mA +25°C
7.8 12.5 mA +85°C
All devices 9.2 14.5 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4) FOSC = 25 MHZ,
25 MHz internal
(PRI_RUN HS mode)
9.0 14.5 mA +25°C
9.2 14.5 mA +85°C
All devices 13.0 18.4 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
12.4 18.4 mA +25°C
13.0 18.4 mA +85°C
All devices 13.4 19.8 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4) FOSC = 25 MHZ,
41.6667 MHz internal
(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)
13.0 19.8 mA +25°C
13.4 19.8 mA +85°C
All devices 14.5 21.6 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
14.4 21.6 mA +25°C
14.5 21.6 mA +85°C
28.2 DC Characteri stics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F97J60 Family
(Industrial) S tandard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
4: Voltage regulator disabled (ENVREG = 0, tied to VSS).
5: Voltage regulator enabled (ENVREG = 1, tied to VDD).
6: For IETH, the specified current includes current sunk through TPOUT+ and TPOUT-. LEDA and LEDB are disabled for
all testing.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 436 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Supply Current (IDD)(2)
All devices 0.5 1.1 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
FOSC = 1 MHz
(PRI_IDLE mode,
EC oscillator)
0.5 1.1 mA +25°C
0.6 1.2 mA +85°C
All devices 0.9 1.4 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
0.9 1.4 mA +25°C
1.0 1.5 mA +85°C
All devices 1.9 2.6 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
1.8 2.6 mA +25°C
1.9 2.6 mA +85°C
All devices 5.9 9.5 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4) FOSC = 25 MHZ
(PRI_IDLE mode,
EC oscillator)
5.6 9.5 mA +25°C
5.9 9.5 mA +85°C
All devices 7.5 13.2 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
7.2 13.2 mA +25°C
7.5 13.2 mA +85°C
All devices 8.6 14.0 mA -40°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4) FOSC = 41.6667 MHz
(PRI_IDLE mode,
EC oscillator)
8.0 14.0 mA +25°C
8.6 14.0 mA +85°C
All devices 9.8 16.0 mA -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
9.4 16.0 mA +25°C
9.8 16.0 mA +85°C
28.2 DC Characteri stics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F97J60 Family
(Industrial) S tandard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
4: Voltage regulator disabled (ENVREG = 0, tied to VSS).
5: Voltage regulator enabled (ENVREG = 1, tied to VDD).
6: For IETH, the specified current includes current sunk through TPOUT+ and TPOUT-. LEDA and LEDB are disabled for
all testing.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 437
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
Supply Current (IDD)(2)
All devices 22.0 45.0 A -10°C
VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
FOSC = 32 kHz(3)
(SEC_RUN mode,
Timer1 as clock)
22.0 45.0 A+25°C
78.0 114.0 A+70°C
All devices 27.0 52.0 A -10°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
27.0 52.0 A+25°C
92.0 135.0 A+70°C
All devices 106.0 168.0 A -10°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
106.0 168.0 A+25°C
188.0 246.0 A+70°C
All devices 18.0 37.0 A -10°C
VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
FOSC = 32 kHz(3)
(SEC_IDLE mode,
Timer1 as clock)
18.0 37.0 A+25°C
75.0 105.0 A+70°C
All devices 21.0 40.0 A -10°C
VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
21.0 40.0 A+25°C
84.0 98.0 A+70°C
All devices 94.0 152.0 A -10°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
94.0 152.0 A+25°C
182.0 225.0 A+70°C
28.2 DC Characteri stics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F97J60 Family
(Industrial) S tandard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
4: Voltage regulator disabled (ENVREG = 0, tied to VSS).
5: Voltage regulator enabled (ENVREG = 1, tied to VDD).
6: For IETH, the specified current includes current sunk through TPOUT+ and TPOUT-. LEDA and LEDB are disabled for
all testing.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 438 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Module Differential Currents (IWDT, IOSCB, IAD, IETH)
D022
(IWDT)
Wa tchdog Timer 2.4 7.0 A -40°C VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
2.4 7.0 A +25°C
12.0 19.0 A +85°C
3.0 8.0 A -40°C VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
3.0 8.0 A +25°C
14.0 22.0 A +85°C
5.0 12.0 A -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5)
5.0 12.0 A +25°C
19.0 30.0 A +85°C
D025
(IOSCB)
Timer1 Oscillator 12.0 20.0 A -40°C VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4) 32 kHz on Timer1(3)
12.0 20.0 A +25°C
24.0 36.0 A +85°C
13.0 21.0 A -40°C VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4) 32 kHz on Timer1(3)
13.0 21.0 A +25°C
26.0 38.0 A +85°C
14.0 25.0 A -40°C
VDD = 3.3V(5) 32 kHz on Timer1(3)
14.0 25.0 A +25°C
29.0 40.0 A +85°C
D026
(IAD)
A/D Converter 1.2 10.0 A -40°C to +85°C VDD = 2.0V,
VDDCORE = 2.0V(4)
A/D on, not converting
1.2 10.0 A -40°C to +85°C VDD = 2.5V,
VDDCORE = 2.5V(4)
1.2 11.0 A -40°C to +85°C VDD = 3.3V(5)
D027
IETH(6) Ethernet Module 130.0 156.0 mA -40°C to +85°C
VDD = 3.3V(5) No transmit activity
180.0 214.0 mA -40°C to +85°C Transmission in progress
28.2 DC Characteri stics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F97J60 Family
(Industrial) S tandard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Device Typ Max Units Conditions
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
4: Voltage regulator disabled (ENVREG = 0, tied to VSS).
5: Voltage regulator enabled (ENVREG = 1, tied to VDD).
6: For IETH, the specified current includes current sunk through TPOUT+ and TPOUT-. LEDA and LEDB are disabled for
all testing.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 439
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
28.3 DC Characteri stics: PIC18F97J60 Family (Industr ial )
DC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C T
A +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
VIL Input Low Volta ge
All I/O Ports:
D030 with TTL Buffer VSS 0.15VDD VVDD<2.7V
VSS 0.8 V 2.7V VDD 3.6V
D031 with Schmitt Trigger Buffer VSS 0.2 VDD V
D032 MCLR VSS 0.2 VDD V
D033 OSC1 VSS 0.3 VDD VHS, HSPLL modes
D033A
D034
OSC1
T13CKI
VSS
VSS
0.2 VDD
0.3
V
V
EC mode
VIH Input High Volt age
I/O Ports, with Analog Functions:
D040 with TTL Buffer 0.25 VDD + 0.8V VDD V
D041 with Schmitt Trigger Buffer 0.8 VDD VDD V
I/O Ports, Digital Only:
with TTL Buffer 0.25 VDD + 0.8V 5.5 V
with Schmitt Trigger Buffer 0.8 VDD 5.5 V
D042 MCLR 0.8 VDD VDD V
D043 OSC1 0.7 VDD VDD VHS, HSPLL modes
D043A
D044
OSC1
T13CKI
0.8 VDD
1.6
VDD
VDD
V
V
EC mode
IIL Input Leakage Current (1)
D060 I/O Ports — 1AVSS VPIN VDD,
Pin at high-impedance
D061 MCLR —1AVss VPIN VDD
D063 OSC1 — 1AVss VPIN VDD
IPU Weak Pull-up Current
D070 IPURB PORTB, PORTD, PORTE, PORTJ 80 400 AVDD = 3.3V, VPIN = VSS
Note 1: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 440 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
VOL Output Low Voltage
D080 I/O Ports:
PORTD, PORTE,
PORTJ
—0.4VI
OL = 4 mA, VDD = 3.3V,
-40C to +85C
PORTA<5:2>, PORTF,
PORTG, PORTH
—0.4VI
OL = 2 mA, VDD = 3.3V,
-40C to +85C
PORTA<1:0>, PORTB,
PORTC
—0.4VI
OL = 8 mA, VDD = 3.3V,
-40C to +85C
D083 OSC2/CLKO
(EC, ECPLL modes)
—0.4VI
OL = 2 mA, VDD = 3.3V,
-40C to +85C
VOH Output High Voltage(1)
D090 I/O Ports: V
PORTD, PORTE,
PORTJ
2.4 — V IOH = -4 mA, VDD = 3.3V,
-40C to +85C
PORTA<5:2>, PORTF,
PORTG, PORTH
2.4 — V IOH = -2 mA, VDD = 3.3V,
-40C to +85C
PORTA<1:0>, PORTB,
PORTC
2.4 — V IOH = -8 mA, VDD = 3.3V,
-40C to +85C
D092 OSC2/CLKO
(EC, ECPLL modes)
2.4 — V IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 3.3V,
-40C to +85C
Capacitive Loading Specs
on Output Pins
D100 COSC2 OSC2 pin — 15 pF In HS mode when
external clock is used to
drive OSC1
D101 CIO All I/O pins and OSC2
(in Internal RC mode, EC, ECPLL)
— 50 pF To meet the AC timing
specifications
D102 CBSCLx, SDAx — 400 pF I2C™ specification
28.3 DC Characteri stics: PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
DC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C T
A +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
Note 1: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 441
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 28-1: MEMORY PROGRAMMING REQUIREMENTS
DC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Param
No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
Program Flash Memory
D130 EPCell Endurance 100 1K — E/W -40C to +85C
D131 VPR VDD for Read VMIN —3.6VVMIN = Minimum operating
voltage
D132B VPEW Voltage for Self-Timed Erase or
Write
VDD
VDDCORE
2.70
2.35
—
—
3.6
2.7
V
V
ENVREG tied to VDD
ENVREG tied to VSS
D133A TIW Self-Timed Write Cycle Time — 2.8 — ms
D134 TRETD Characteristic Retention 20 — — Year Provided no other
specifications are violated
D135 IDDP Supply Current during
Programming
— 10 — mA Ethernet module disabled
† Data in “Typ” column is at 3.3V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 442 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 28-2: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE 28-3: VOLTAGE REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE 28-4: INTERNAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Conditions: 3.0V VDD 3.6V, -40°C TA +85°C (unless otherwise stated)
Param
No. Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments
D300 VIOFF Input Offset Voltage* — ±5.0 ±25 mV
D301 VICM Input Common-Mode Voltage* 0 — AVDD – 1.5 V
D302 CMRR Common-Mode Rejection Ratio* 55 — — dB
300 TRESP Response Time(1)* — 150 400 ns
301 TMC2OV Comparator Mode Change to
Output Valid*
—— 10 s
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: Response time measured with one comparator input at (AVDD – 1.5)/2, while the other input transitions
from VSS to AVDD.
Operating Condit ions : 3.0V VDD 3.6V, -40°C TA +85°C (unless otherwise stated)
Param
No. Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments
D310 VRES Resolution VDD/24 — VDD/32 LSb
D311 VRAA Absolute Accuracy — — 1/2 LSb
D312 VRUR Unit Resistor Value (R) — 2k —
310 TSET Settling Time(1) — — 10 s
Note 1: Settling time measured while CVRR = 1 and CVR<3:0> transitions from ‘0000’ to ‘1111’.
Operating Condit ions : -40°C TA +85°C (unless otherwise stated)
Param
No. Sym Characteristics Min Typ Max Units Comments
VRGOUT Regulator Output Voltage — 2.5 — V
CFExternal Filter Capacitor
Value
110—F Capacitor must be low
series resistance
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 443
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
28.4 AC (Timing) Charact eristics
28.4.1 TIMING PARAMETER SYMBOLOGY
The timing parameter symbols have been created
following one of the following formats:
1. TppS2ppS 3. TCC:ST (I2C specifications only)
2. TppS 4. Ts (I2C specifications only)
T
F Frequency T Time
Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:
pp
cc ECCP1 osc OSC1
ck CLKO rd RD
cs CS rw RD or WR
di SDIx sc SCKx
do SDOx ss SSx
dt Data in t0 T0CKI
io I/O port t1 T13CKI
mc MCLR wr WR
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
S
F Fall P Period
HHigh RRise
I Invalid (High-Impedance) V Valid
L Low Z High-Impedance
I2C only
AA Output access High High
BUF Bus free Low Low
T
CC:ST (I2C specifications only)
CC
HD Hold SU Setup
ST
DAT DATA input hold STO Stop condition
STA Start condition
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 444 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
28.4.2 TIMING CONDITIONS
The temperature and voltages specified in Tabl e 28 - 5
apply to all timing specifications unless otherwise
noted. Figure 28-3 specifies the load conditions for the
timing specifications.
TABLE 28-5: TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS – AC
FIGURE 28-3: LOAD CONDITIONS FOR DEVICE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
AC CHARACTERISTICS
S tandard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C TA +85°C for industrial
Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 28.1 “DC
Characteristics: Supply Voltage, PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial)” and
Section 28.3 “DC Characteristics: PIC18F97J60 Family (Industrial)”.
VDD/2
CL
RL
Pin Pin
VSS VSS
CL
RL= 464
CL= 50 pF for all pins except OSC2/CLKO
and including D and E outputs as ports
CL= 15 pF for OSC2/CLKO
Load Condition 1 Load Condition 2
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 445
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
28.4.3 TIMING DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS
FIGURE 28-4: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING (ALL MODES EXCEPT PLL)
TABLE 28-6: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
1A FOSC External CLKI Frequency(1) DC 41.6667 MHz EC Oscillator mode
Oscillator Frequency(1) 6 25 MHz HS Oscillator mode
1TOSC External CLKI Period(1) 24 — ns EC Oscillator mode
Oscillator Period(1) 40 167 ns HS Oscillator mode
2T
CY Instruction Cycle Time(1) 96 — ns TCY = 4/FOSC, Industrial
3TOSL,
T
OSH
External Clock in (OSC1)
High or Low Time
10 — ns EC Oscillator mode
4T
OSR,
T
OSF
External Clock in (OSC1)
Rise or Fall Time
— 7.5 ns EC Oscillator mode
5 Clock Frequency Tolerance — ±50 ppm Ethernet module enabled
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period for all configurations
except PLL. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under
standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result
in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested
to operate at “min.” values with an external clock applied to the OSC1/CLKI pin. When an external clock
input is used, the “max.” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.
OSC1
CLKO
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
1
2
3344
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 446 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 28-7: PLL CLOCK TIMING S PECIFICATIONS (VDD = 2.6V TO 3.6V)
TABLE 28-8: AC CHARACTERISTICS: INTERNAL RC ACCURACY
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY (INDUSTRIAL)
Param
No. Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
F10 FOSC Oscillator Frequency Range 8 — 25 MHz HSPLL mode
8 — 37.5 MHz ECPLL mode
F11 FSYS On-Chip VCO System Frequency 20 — 62.5 MHz
F12 trc PLL Start-up Time (Lock Time) — — 2 ms
F13 CLK CLKO Stability (Jitter) -2 — +2 %
† Data in “Typ” column is at 3.3V, 25C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
Param
No. Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
INTRC Accuracy @ Freq = 31 kHz(1) 21.7 — 40.3 kHz
Note 1: INTRC frequency changes as VDDCORE changes.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 447
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 28-5: CLKO AND I/O TIMING
TABLE 28-9: CLKO AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
10 TOSH2CKLOSC1 to CLKO —75200ns
11 TOSH2CKHOSC1 to CLKO —75200ns
12 TCKRCLKO Rise Time — 15 30 ns
13 TCKFCLKO Fall Time — 15 30 ns
14 TCKL2IOVCLKO to Port Out Valid — — 0.5 TCY + 20 ns
15 TIOV2CKH Port In Valid before CLKO 0.25 TCY + 25 — — ns
16 TCKH2IOI Port In Hold after CLKO 0——ns
17 TOSH2IOVOSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port Out Valid — 50 150 ns
18 TOSH2IOIOSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port Input Invalid
(I/O in hold time)
100 — — ns
19 TIOV2OSH Port Input Valid to OSC1
(I/O in setup time)
0——ns
20 TIOR Port Output Rise Time — — 6 ns
21 TIOF Port Output Fall Time — — 5 ns
22† TINP INTx pin High or Low Time TCY ——ns
23† TRBP RB<7:4> Change INTx High or Low Time TCY ——ns
† These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edges.
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
OSC1
CLKO
I/O pin
(Input)
I/O pin
(Output)
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3
10
13 14
17
20, 21
19 18
15
11
12
16
Old Value New Value
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 448 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 28-6: PROGRAM MEMORY READ TIMING DIAGRAM
TABLE 28-10: CLKO AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No Symbol Characteristics Min Typ Max Units
150 TadV2alL Address Out Valid to ALE
(address setup time)
0.25 TCY – 10 — — ns
151 TalL2adl ALE to Address Out Invalid
(address hold time)
5——ns
155 TalL2oeL ALE to OE 10 0.125 TCY —ns
160 TadZ2oeL AD high-Z to OE (bus release to OE)0——ns
161 ToeH2adD OE to AD Driven 0.125 TCY – 5 — — ns
162 TadV2oeH Least Significant Data Valid before OE
(data setup time)
20 — — ns
163 ToeH2adl OE to Data In Invalid (data hold time) 0 — — ns
164 TalH2alL ALE Pulse Width — TCY —ns
165 ToeL2oeH OE Pulse Width 0.5 TCY – 5 0.5 TCY —ns
166 TalH2alH ALE to ALE (cycle time) — 0.25 T
CY —ns
167 Tacc Address Valid to Data Valid 0.75 TCY – 25 — — ns
168 Toe OE to Data Valid — 0.5 TCY – 25 ns
169 TalL2oeH ALE to OE 0.625 TCY – 10 — 0.625 TCY + 10 ns
171 TalH2csL Chip Enable Active to ALE 0.25 TCY – 20 — — ns
171A TubL2oeH AD Valid to Chip Enable Active — — 10 ns
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
OSC1
ALE
OE
Address Data from External
166
160
165
161
151 162
163
AD<15:0>
168
155
Address
Address
150
A<19:16> Address
169
BA0
CE
171
171A
Operating Conditions: 2.0V < VCC < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +125°C, unless otherwise stated.
164
167
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 449
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 28-7: PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE TIMING DIAGRAM
TABLE 28-11: PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No Symbol Characteristics Min Typ Max Units
150 TadV2alL Address Out Valid to ALE (address setup time) 0.25 TCY – 10 — — ns
151 TalL2adl ALE to Address Out Invalid (address hold time) 5 — — ns
153 TwrH2adl WRn to Data Out Invalid (data hold time) 5 — — ns
154 TwrL WRn Pulse Width 0.5 TCY – 5 0.5 TCY —ns
156 TadV2wrH Data Valid before WRn (data setup time) 0.5 TCY – 10 — — ns
157 TbsV2wrL Byte Select Valid before WRn
(byte select setup time)
0.25 TCY ——ns
157A TwrH2bsI WRn to Byte Select Invalid (byte select hold time) 0.125 TCY – 5 — — ns
166 TalH2alH ALE to ALE (cycle time) — 0.25 TCY —ns
171 TalH2csL Chip Enable Active to ALE 0.25 T
CY – 20 — — ns
171A TubL2oeH AD Valid to Chip Enable Active — — 10 ns
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
OSC1
ALE
Address Data
156
150
151
153
AD<15:0> Address
WRH or
WRL
UB or
LB
157
154
157A
Address
A<19:16> Address
BA0
166
CE
171
171A
Operating Conditions: 2.0V < VCC < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +125°C, unless otherwise stated.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 450 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 28-8: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND
POWER-UP TIMER TIMING
TABLE 28-12: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER
AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
30 TMCLMCLR Pulse Width (low) 2 — — s
31 TWDT Watchdog Timer Time-out Period
(no postscaler)
2.8 4.1 5.4 ms
32 TOST Oscillation Start-up Timer Period 1024 TOSC — 1024 TOSC —TOSC = OSC1 period
33 TPWRT Power-up Timer Period 46.2 66 85.8 ms
34 TIOZ I/O High-Impedance from MCLR
Low or Watchdog Timer Reset
——3TCY + 2 s System clock available
——415s System clock unavailable
(Sleep mode or
primary oscillator off)
38 TCSD CPU Start-up Time — 200 — s
VDD
MCLR
Internal
POR
PWRT
Time-out
Oscillator
Time-out
Internal
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Reset
33
32
30
31
34
I/O pins
34
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 451
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 28-9: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS
TABLE 28-13: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
40 TT0H T0CKI High Pulse Width No prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns
With prescaler 10 — ns
41 TT0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width No prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns
With prescaler 10 — ns
42 TT0P T0CKI Period No prescaler TCY + 10 — ns
With prescaler Greater of:
20 ns or
(T
CY + 40)/N
—nsN = prescale
value
(1, 2, 4,..., 256)
45 TT1H T13CKI High
Time
Synchronous, no prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns
Synchronous, with prescaler 10 — ns
Asynchronous 30 — ns
46 TT1L T13CKI Low
Time
Synchronous, no prescaler 0.5 TCY + 5 — ns
Synchronous, with prescaler 10 — ns
Asynchronous 30 — ns
47 TT1P T13CKI Input
Period
Synchronous Greater of:
20 ns or
(TCY + 40)/N
—nsN = prescale
value
(1, 2, 4, 8)
Asynchronous 60 — ns
FT1 T13CKI Oscillator Input Frequency Range DC 50 kHz
48 T
CKE2TMRI Delay from External T13CKI Clock Edge to
Timer Increment
2 TOSC 7 TOSC —
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
46
47
45
48
41
42
40
T0CKI
T1OSO/T13CKI
TMR0 or
TMR1
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 452 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 28-10: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (INCLUDING ECCPx MODULES)
TABLE 28-14: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (INCLUDING ECCPx MODULES)
TABLE 28-15: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT REQUIREMENTS
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
50 TCCL CCPx Input Low
Time
No prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns
With prescaler 10 — ns
51 TCCH CCPx Input
High Time
No prescaler 0.5 TCY + 20 — ns
With prescaler 10 — ns
52 TCCP CCPx Input Period 3 TCY + 40
N
— ns N = prescale
value (1, 4 or 16)
53 TCCR CCPx Output Fall Time — 25 ns
54 TCCF CCPx Output Fall Time — 25 ns
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
62 TdtV2wrH Data In Valid before WR or CS (setup time) 20 — ns
63 TwrH2dtI WR or CS to Data–In Invalid (hold time) 20 — ns
64 TrdL2dtV RD and CS to Data–Out Valid — 80 ns
65 TrdH2dtI RD or CS to Data–Out Invalid 10 30 ns
66 TibfINH Inhibit of the IBF Flag bit being Cleared from
WR or CS
—3 T
CY
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
CCPx
(Capture Mode)
50 51
52
CCPx
53 54
(Compare or PWM Mode)
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 453
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 28-11: EXAMPLE SPI MA STER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)
TABLE 28-16: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 0)
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
73 TDIV2SCH,
TDIV2SCL
Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 100 — ns
74 TSCH2DIL,
T
SCL2DIL
Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 100 — ns
75 TDOR SDOx Data Output Rise Time — 25 ns
76 TDOF SDOx Data Output Fall Time — 25 ns
78 T
SCR SCKx Output Rise Time — 25 ns
79 TSCF SCKx Output Fall Time — 25 ns
80 T
SCH2DOV,
T
SCL2DOV
SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge — 50 ns
SCKx
(CKP = 0)
SCKx
(CKP = 1)
SDOx
SDIx
73
74
75, 76
78
79
80
79
78
MSb LSbbit 6 - - - - - - 1
MSb In LSb In
bit 6 - - - - 1
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 454 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 28-12 : EXAMPLE SP I MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)
TABLE 28-17: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 1)
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
73 TDIV2SCH,
TDIV2SCL
Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 100 — ns
74 TSCH2DIL,
T
SCL2DIL
Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 100 — ns
75 TDOR SDOx Data Output Rise Time — 25 ns
76 TDOF SDOx Data Output Fall Time — 25 ns
78 TSCR SCKx Output Rise Time — 25 ns
79 T
SCF SCKx Output Fall Time — 25 ns
80 T
SCH2DOV,
T
SCL2DOV
SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge — 50 ns
81 TDOV2SCH,
TDOV2SCL
SDOx Data Output Setup to SCKx Edge T
CY —ns
SCKx
(CKP = 0)
SCKx
(CKP = 1)
SDOx
SDIx
81
74
75, 76
78
80
MSb
79
73
MSb In
bit 6 - - - - - - 1
LSb In
bit 6 - - - - 1
LSb
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 455
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 28-13 : EXAMPLE SP I SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)
TABLE 28-18: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE TIMING, CKE = 0)
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
70 T
SSL2SCH,
T
SSL2SCL
SSx to SCKx or SCKx Input TCY —ns
71 T
SCH SCKx Input High Time Continuous 1.25 TCY + 30 — ns
71A Single Byte 40 — ns (Note 1)
72 T
SCL SCKx Input Low Time Continuous 1.25 TCY + 30 — ns
72A Single Byte 40 — ns (Note 1)
73 TDIV2SCH,
TDIV2SCL
Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 100 — ns
73A TB2BLast Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the First Clock Edge of Byte 2 1.5 TCY + 40 — ns (Note 2)
74 T
SCH2DIL,
T
SCL2DIL
Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 100 — ns
75 TDOR SDOx Data Output Rise Time — 25 ns
76 TDOF SDOx Data Output Fall Time — 25 ns
77 T
SSH2DOZ SSx to SDOx Output High-impedance 10 50 ns
80 TSCH2DOV,
T
SCL2DOV
SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge — 50 ns
83 T
SCH2SSH,
T
SCL2SSH
SSx after SCKx Edge 1.5 TCY + 40 — ns
Note 1: Requires the use of Parameter #73A.
2: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.
SSx
SCKx
(CKP = 0)
SCKx
(CKP = 1)
SDOx
SDI
70
71 72
73
74
75, 76 77
80
SDIx
MSb LSb
bit 6 - - - - - - 1
MSb In bit 6 - - - - 1 LSb In
83
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 456 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 28-14 : EXAMPLE SP I SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)
TABLE 28-19: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE REQUIREMENTS (CKE = 1)
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
70 T
SSL2SCH,
T
SSL2SCL
SSx to SCKx or SCKx Input TCY —ns
71 T
SCH SCKx Input High Time Continuous 1.25 TCY + 30 — ns
71A Single Byte 40 — ns (Note 1)
72 TSCL SCKx Input Low Time Continuous 1.25 TCY + 30 — ns
72A Single Byte 40 — ns (Note 1)
73A TB2BLast Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the First Clock Edge of Byte 2 1.5 TCY + 40 — ns (Note 2)
74 TSCH2DIL,
T
SCL2DIL
Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge 100 — ns
75 TDOR SDOx Data Output Rise Time — 25 ns
76 TDOF SDOx Data Output Fall Time — 25 ns
77 T
SSH2DOZ SSx to SDOx Output High-Impedance 10 50 ns
80 T
SCH2DOV,
T
SCL2DOV
SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge — 50 ns
82 T
SSL2DOV SDOx Data Output Valid after SSx Edge — 50 ns
83 T
SCH2SSH,
T
SCL2SSH
SSx after SCKx Edge 1.5 TCY + 40 — ns
Note 1: Requires the use of Parameter #73A.
2: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.
SSx
SCKx
(CKP = 0)
SCKx
(CKP = 1)
SDOx
SDI
70
71 72
82
SDIx
74
75, 76
MSb bit 6 - - - - - - 1 LSb
77
MSb In bit 6 - - - - 1 LSb In
80
83
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 457
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 28-15 : I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING
TABLE 28-20: I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE)
FIGURE 28-16 : I2C™ BUS DATA TIMING
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
90 TSU:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode 4700 — ns Only relevant for Repeated
Start condition
Setup Time 400 kHz mode 600 —
91 THD:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode 4000 — ns After this period, the first
clock pulse is generated
Hold Time 400 kHz mode 600 —
92 TSU:STO Stop Condition 100 kHz mode 4700 — ns
Setup Time 400 kHz mode 600 —
93 THD:STO Stop Condition 100 kHz mode 4000 — ns
Hold Time 400 kHz mode 600 —
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
91
92
93
SCLx
SDAx
Start
Condition
Stop
Condition
90
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
90
91 92
100
101
103
106 107
109 109
110
102
SCLx
SDAx
In
SDAx
Out
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 458 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 28-21: I2C™ BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE)
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
100 THIGH Clock High Time 100 kHz mode 4.0 — s PIC18F97J60 family must
operate at a minimum of
1.5 MHz
400 kHz mode 0.6 — s PIC18F97J60 family must
operate at a minimum of
10 MHz
MSSP module 1.5 TCY —
101 TLOW Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — s PIC18F97J60 family must
operate at a minimum of
1.5 MHz
400 kHz mode 1.3 — s PIC18F97J60 family must
operate at a minimum of
10 MHz
MSSP module 1.5 TCY —
102 TRSDAx and SCLx Rise
Time
100 kHz mode — 1000 ns
400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB300 ns CB is specified to be from
10 to 400 pF
103 TFSDAx and SCLx Fall
Time
100 kHz mode — 300 ns
400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB300 ns CB is specified to be from
10 to 400 pF
90 TSU:STA Start Condition Setup
Time
100 kHz mode 4.7 — s Only relevant for Repeated
Start condition
400 kHz mode 0.6 — s
91 THD:STA Start Condition Hold
Time
100 kHz mode 4.0 — s After this period, the first
clock pulse is generated
400 kHz mode 0.6 — s
106 THD:DAT Data Input Hold Time 100 kHz mode 0 — ns
400 kHz mode 0 0.9 s
107 TSU:DAT Data Input Setup Time 100 kHz mode 250 — ns (Note 2)
400 kHz mode 100 — ns
92 TSU:STO Stop Condition Setup
Time
100 kHz mode 4.7 — s
400 kHz mode 0.6 — s
109 TAA Output Valid from Clock 100 kHz mode — 3500 ns (Note 1)
400 kHz mode — — ns
110 TBUF Bus Free Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — s Time the bus must be free
before a new transmission
can start
400 kHz mode 1.3 — s
D102 CBBus Capacitive Loading — 400 pF
Note 1: As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region
(min. 300 ns) of the falling edge of SCLx to avoid unintended generation of Start or Stop conditions.
2: A Fast mode I2C™ bus device can be used in a Standard mode I2C bus system, but the requirement,
T
SU:DAT 250 ns, must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the
LOW period of the SCLx signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCLx signal, it must
output the next data bit to the SDAx line,
TR max. + TSU:DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to the Standard mode I2C bus specification), before
the SCLx line is released.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 459
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 28-17: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING WAVEFORMS
TABLE 28-22: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS
FIGURE 28-18: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS DATA TIMING
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
90 TSU:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ns Only relevant for
Repeated Start
condition
Setup Time 400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —
91 THD:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ns After this period, the
first clock pulse is
generated
Hold Time 400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —
92 TSU:STO Stop Condition 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ns
Setup Time 400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —
93 THD:STO Stop Condition 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ns
Hold Time 400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) —
Note 1: Maximum pin capacitance = 10 pF for all I2C™ pins.
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
91 93
SCLx
SDAx
Start
Condition
Stop
Condition
90 92
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
90 91 92
100
101
103
106 107
109 109 110
102
SCLx
SDAx
In
SDAx
Out
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 460 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 28-23: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
100 THIGH Clock High Time 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
101 TLOW Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
102 TRSDAx and SCLx
Rise Time
100 kHz mode — 1000 ns CB is specified to be from
10 to 400 pF
400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB300 ns
1 MHz mode(1) — 300 ns
103 TFSDAx and SCLx
Fall Time
100 kHz mode — 300 ns CB is specified to be from
10 to 400 pF
400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1 CB 300 ns
1 MHz mode(1) — 100 ns
90 T
SU:STA Start Condition
Setup Time
100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms Only relevant for
Repeated Start
condition
400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
91 THD:STA Start Condition
Hold Time
100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms After this period, the first
clock pulse is generated
400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
106 THD:DAT Data Input
Hold Time
100 kHz mode 0 — ns
400 kHz mode 0 0.9 ms
1 MHz mode(1) TBD — ns
107 TSU:DAT Data Input
Setup Time
100 kHz mode 250 — ns (Note 2)
400 kHz mode 100 — ns
1 MHz mode(1) TBD — ns
92 TSU:STO Stop Condition
Setup Time
100 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
400 kHz mode 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1) — ms
109 TAA Output Valid
from Clock
100 kHz mode — 3500 ns
400 kHz mode — 1000 ns
1 MHz mode(1) ——ns
110 TBUF Bus Free Time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — ms Time the bus must be free
before a new transmission
can start
400 kHz mode 1.3 — ms
1 MHz mode(1) TBD — ms
D102 CBBus Capacitive Loading — 400 pF
Legend: TBD = To Be Determined
Note 1: Maximum pin capacitance = 10 pF for all I2C™ pins.
2: A Fast mode I2C bus device can be used in a Standard mode I2C bus system, but Parameter #107 250 ns
must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the
SCLx signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCLx signal, it must output the next data
bit to the SDAx line, Parameter #102 + Parameter #107 = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (for 100 kHz mode), before
the SCLx line is released.
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 461
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
FIGURE 28-19: EUSARTx SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING
TABLE 28-24: EUSARTx SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS
FIGURE 28-20: EUSARTx SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING
TABLE 28-25: EUSARTx SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
120 T
CKH2DTV SYNC XMIT (MASTER and SLAVE)
Clock High to Data Out Valid — 40 ns
121 TCKRF Clock Out Rise Time and Fall Time (Master mode) — 20 ns
122 TDTRF Data Out Rise Time and Fall Time — 20 ns
Param.
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
125 TDTV2CKL SYNC RCV (MASTER and SLAVE)
Data Hold before CKx (DTx hold time) 10 — ns
126 TCKL2DTL Data Hold after CKx (DTx hold time) 15 — ns
121 121
120 122
TXx/CKx
RXx/DTx
pin
pin
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
125
126
TXx/CKx
RXx/DTx
pin
pin
Note: Refer to Figure 28-3 for load conditions.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 462 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 28-26: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS: PIC18F97J60 FAMILY (INDUSTRIAL)
FIGURE 28-21: A/D CONVERSION TIMING
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ Max Units Conditions
A01 NRResolution — — 10 bit VREF 2.0V
A03 EIL Integral Linearity Error — — <±1 LSb VREF 2.0V
A04 EDL Differential Linearity Error — — <±1 LSb VREF 2.0V
A06 EOFF Offset Error — — <±3 LSb VREF 2.0V
A07 EGN Gain Error — — <±3 LSb VREF 2.0V
A10 — Monotonicity Guaranteed(1) —VSS VAIN VREF
A20 VREF Reference Voltage Range
(VREFH – VREFL)
1.8
3
—
—
—
—
V
V
VDD 3.0V
VDD 3.0V
VREFSUM Reference Voltage Sum
(VREFH + VREFL)
——AV
DD + 0.5 V
A21 VREFH Reference Voltage High VREFL —AVDD V
A22 VREFL Reference Voltage Low AVSS —VREFH V
A25 VAIN Analog Input Voltage VREFL —VREFH V
A30 ZAIN Recommended Impedance of
Analog Voltage Source
——2.5k
A50 IREF VREF Input Current(2) —
—
—
—
5
1000
A
A
During VAIN acquisition.
During A/D conversion
cycle.
Note 1: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing
codes.
2: VREFH current is from RA3/AN3/VREF+ pin or AVDD, whichever is selected as the VREFH source.
VREFL current is from RA2/AN2/VREF- pin or AVSS, whichever is selected as the VREFL source.
131
130
132
BSF ADCON0, GO
Q4
A/D CLK(1)
A/D DATA
ADRES
ADIF
GO
SAMPLE
OLD_DATA
SAMPLING STOPPED
DONE
NEW_DATA
(Note 2)
987 21 0
Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP instruction
to be executed.
2: This is a minimal RC delay (typically 100 ns), which also disconnects the holding capacitor from the analog input.
. . . . . .
TCY
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 463
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
TABLE 28-27: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS
28.5 Ethernet Specifications and Requirements
TABLE 28-28: REQUIREM ENTS FOR ETHERNET TRANS CEIVE R EXTERNAL MAGNETICS
Param
No. Symbol Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
130 TAD A/D Clock Period 0.7 25.0(1) sTOSC based, VREF 2.0V
TBD 1 s A/D RC mode
131 TCNV Conversion Time
(not including acquisition time) (Note 2) 11 12 TAD
132 TACQ Acquisition Time (Note 3) 1.4 — s-40C to +85C
135 TSWC Switching Time from Convert Sample — (Note 4)
TBD TDIS Discharge Time 0.2 — s
Legend: TBD = To Be Determined
Note 1: The time of the A/D clock period is dependent on the device frequency and the TAD clock divider.
2: ADRES registers may be read on the following TCY cycle.
3: The time for the holding capacitor to acquire the “New” input voltage when the voltage changes full scale
after the conversion (VDD to VSS or VSS to VDD). The source impedance (RS) on the input channels is 50.
4: On the following cycle of the device clock.
Parameter Min Norm Max Units Conditions
RX Turns Ratio — 1:1 — —
TX Turns Ratio — 1:1 — — Transformer Center Tap = 3.3V
Insertion Loss — — -1.1 dB
Primary Inductance 350 — — H8mA bias
Transformer Isolation 1.5 — — kVrms Required to meet IEEE 802.3™
requirements
Differential to Common-Mode
Rejection
40 — — dB 0.1 to 10 MHz
Return Loss -16 — — dB
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 464 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 465
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
29.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION
29.1 Package Marking Information
64-Lead TQFP
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
18F67J60-
I/PT
1110017
80-Lead TQFP
XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
PIC18F87J60-
I/PT
1110017
100-Lead TQFP (12x12x1 mm)
XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
PIC18F97J60-
I/PT
1110017
100-Lead TQFP (14x14x1 mm)
XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
PIC18F97J60-
I/PF
1110017
Legend: XX...X Customer-specific information
Y Year code (last digit of calendar year)
YY Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
WW Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
NNN Alphanumeric traceability code
Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn)
*This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( )
can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available
characters for customer-specific information.
3
e
3
e
3
e
3
e
3
e
3
e
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 466 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
29.2 Package Details
The following sections give the technical details of the packages.
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DS39762F-page 474 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 475
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
APPENDIX A: REVIS I ON HISTORY
Revision A (March 2006)
Original data sheet for the PIC18F97J60 family of
devices.
Revision B (October 2006)
First revision. Includes preliminary electrical specifica-
tions; revised and updated material on the Ethernet
module; updated material on Reset integration; and
updates to the device memory map.
Revision C (June 2007)
Corrected Table 10.2: Input Voltage Levels; added con-
tent on Ethernet module’s reading and writing to the
buffer; added new, 100-lead PT 12x12x1 mm TQFP
package to “Package Marking Information” and “Pack-
age Details” sections; updated other package details
drawings; changed Product Identification System
examples.
Revision D (January 2008)
Added one line to “Ethernet Features” description.
Added land pattern schematics for each package.
Revision E (October 2009)
Updated to remove Preliminary status.
Revision F (April 2011)
Added Brown-out Reset (BOR) specs, added Ethernet
RX Auto-Polarity circuit section, added EMI filter
section, added Section 2.0 “Guidelines for Getting
Started with PIC18FJ Microcontrollers”, changed
the opcode encoding of the PUSHL instruction to
1110 1010 kkk kkkk and changed the 2 T
OSC
Maximum Device Frequency in Tab le 22- 1 from
2.68 MHz to the correct value of 2.86 MHz. Updated
comparator input offset voltage maximum to the correct
value of 25 mV.
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 476 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
APPENDIX B: DEVICE
DIFFERENCES
The differences between the devices listed in this data
sheet are shown in Tabl e B- 1.
TABLE B-1: DEVICE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PIC18F97J60 FAMILY MEMBERS
Features
PIC18F66J60
PIC18F66J65
PIC18F67J60
PIC18F86J60
PIC18F86J65
PIC18F87J60
PIC18F96J60
PIC18F96J65
PIC18F97J60
Program Memory (Bytes) 64K 96K 128K 64K 96K 128K 64K 96K 128K
Program Memory
(Instructions)
32764 49148 65532 32764 49148 65532 32764 49148 65532
Interrupt Sources 26 27 29
I/O Ports (Pins) Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G
(39)
Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J
(55)
Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J
(70)
Enhanced USART Modules 1 2
MSSP Modules 1 2
Parallel Slave Port
Communications (PSP)
No Yes
External Memory Bus No Yes
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital
Module
11 input channels 15 input channels 16 input channels
Packages 64-pin TQFP 80-pin TQFP 100-pin TQFP
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 477
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
INDEX
A
A/D ................................................................................... 339
Acquisition Requirements ........................................ 344
ADCAL Bit ................................................................ 347
ADCON0 Register .................................................... 339
ADCON1 Register .................................................... 339
ADCON2 Register .................................................... 339
ADRESH Register ............................................ 339, 342
ADRESL Register .................................................... 339
Analog Port Pins, Configuring .................................. 345
Associated Registers ............................................... 347
Automatic Acquisition Time, Selecting and
Configuring ...................................................... 345
Configuring the Module ............................................ 343
Conversion Clock (TAD) ........................................... 345
Conversion Requirements ....................................... 463
Conversion Status (GO/DONE Bit) .......................... 342
Conversions ............................................................. 346
Converter Calibration ............................................... 347
Converter Characteristics ........................................ 462
Converter Interrupt, Configuring .............................. 343
Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 347
Special Event Trigger (ECCP) ......................... 202, 346
Use of the ECCP2 Trigger ....................................... 346
Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................. 429
AC (Timing) Characteristics ............................................. 443
Load Conditions for Device Timing
Specifications ................................................... 444
Parameter Symbology ............................................. 443
Temperature and Voltage Specifications ................. 444
Timing Conditions .................................................... 444
ACKSTAT ........................................................................ 304
ACKSTAT Status Flag ..................................................... 304
ADCAL Bit ........................................................................ 347
ADCON0 Register ............................................................ 339
GO/DONE Bit ........................................................... 342
ADCON1 Register ............................................................ 339
ADCON2 Register ............................................................ 339
ADDFSR .......................................................................... 418
ADDLW ............................................................................ 381
ADDULNK ........................................................................ 418
ADDWF ............................................................................ 381
ADDWFC ......................................................................... 382
ADRESH Register ............................................................ 339
ADRESL Register .................................................... 339, 342
Analog-to-Digital Converter. See A/D.
ANDLW ............................................................................ 382
ANDWF ............................................................................ 383
Assembler
MPASM Assembler .................................................. 426
B
Baud Rate Generator ....................................................... 300
BC .................................................................................... 383
BCF .................................................................................. 384
BF .................................................................................... 304
BF Status Flag ................................................................. 304
Block Diagrams
16-Bit Byte Select Mode .......................................... 121
16-Bit Byte Write Mode ............................................ 119
16-Bit Word Write Mode ........................................... 120
8-Bit Multiplexed Mode ............................................ 123
A/D ........................................................................... 342
Analog Input Model .................................................. 343
Baud Rate Generator .............................................. 300
Capture Mode Operation ......................................... 191
Comparator Analog Input Model .............................. 353
Comparator I/O Operating Modes ........................... 350
Comparator Output .................................................. 352
Comparator Voltage Reference ............................... 356
Comparator Voltage Reference Output
Buffer Example ................................................ 357
Compare Mode Operation ....................................... 192
Connections for On-Chip Voltage Regulator ........... 369
Crystal Oscillator Operation (HS, HSPLL) ................. 50
Device Clock .............................................................. 49
Enhanced PWM ....................................................... 203
Ethernet Interrupt Logic ........................................... 239
Ethernet Module ...................................................... 217
EUSARTx Receive .................................................. 329
EUSARTx Transmit ................................................. 326
External Clock Input Operation (EC) ......................... 50
External Clock Input Operation (HS) ......................... 50
External Power-on Reset Circuit (Slow
VDD Power-up) .................................................. 65
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 371
Full-Bridge Application Example .............................. 209
Generic I/O Port Operation ...................................... 145
Half-Bridge Output Mode Applications .................... 207
Interrupt Logic .......................................................... 130
MSSP (I2C Master Mode) ........................................ 298
MSSP (I2C Mode) .................................................... 279
MSSP (SPI Mode) ................................................... 269
On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................ 63
PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 ....................................... 15
PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 ....................................... 16
PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 ....................................... 17
PORTD and PORTE (Parallel Slave Port) ............... 168
PWM Operation (Simplified) .................................... 194
Reads from Flash Program Memory ....................... 109
Required External Components for Ethernet ........... 219
RX Polarity Correction Circuit (TX not Shown) ........ 221
Single Comparator ................................................... 351
Table Read Operation ............................................. 105
Table Write Operation ............................................. 106
Table Writes to Flash Program Memory .................. 111
Timer0 in 16-Bit Mode ............................................. 172
Timer0 in 8-Bit Mode ............................................... 172
Timer1 ..................................................................... 176
Timer1 (16-Bit Read/Write Mode) ............................ 176
Timer2 ..................................................................... 181
Timer3 ..................................................................... 184
Timer3 (16-Bit Read/Write Mode) ............................ 184
Timer4 ..................................................................... 188
Watchdog Timer ...................................................... 367
BN .................................................................................... 384
BNC ................................................................................. 385
BNN ................................................................................. 385
BNOV .............................................................................. 386
BNZ ................................................................................. 386
BOR. See Brown-out Reset.
BOV ................................................................................. 389
BRA ................................................................................. 387
BRG. See Baud Rate Generator.
Brown-out Reset (BOR) ..................................................... 65
and On-Chip Voltage Regulator .............................. 369
Detecting ................................................................... 65
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 478 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
BSF .................................................................................. 387
BTFSC .............................................................................388
BTFSS .............................................................................. 388
BTG .................................................................................. 389
BZ ..................................................................................... 390
C
C Compilers
MPLAB C18 .............................................................426
CALL ................................................................................ 390
CALLW .............................................................................419
Capture (CCP Module) ..................................................... 191
Associated Registers ............................................... 193
CCPRxH:CCPRxL Registers ...................................191
CCPx Pin Configuration ...........................................191
Prescaler ..................................................................191
Software Interrupt .................................................... 191
Timer1/Timer3 Mode Selection ................................ 191
Capture (ECCP Module) .................................................. 202
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) ........................................ 189
Capture Mode. See Capture.
CCPRxH Register .................................................... 190
CCPRxL Register ..................................................... 190
CCPx/ECCPx Interconnect Configurations .............. 190
CCPx/ECCPx Mode and Timer Resources ............. 190
Compare Mode. See Compare.
Module Configuration ...............................................190
Clock Sources
Default System Clock on Reset .................................54
Effects of Power-Managed Modes ............................. 54
Oscillator Switching .................................................... 52
CLRF ................................................................................391
CLRWDT ..........................................................................391
Code Examples
16 x 16 Signed Multiply Routine .............................. 128
16 x 16 Unsigned Multiply Routine .......................... 128
8 x 8 Signed Multiply Routine .................................. 127
8 x 8 Unsigned Multiply Routine .............................. 127
Changing Between Capture Prescalers ................... 191
Computed GOTO Using an Offset Value ...................83
Erasing a Flash Program Memory Row ................... 110
Fast Register Stack .................................................... 83
How to Clear RAM (Bank 1) Using Indirect
Addressing ......................................................... 98
Implementing a Real-Time Clock Using a
Timer1 Interrupt Service .................................. 179
Initializing PORTA .................................................... 146
Initializing PORTB .................................................... 148
Initializing PORTC .................................................... 151
Initializing PORTD .................................................... 154
Initializing PORTE .................................................... 157
Initializing PORTF .................................................... 160
Initializing PORTG ...................................................162
Initializing PORTH .................................................... 164
Initializing PORTJ .................................................... 166
Loading the SSP1BUF (SSP1SR) Register ............. 272
Reading a Flash Program Memory Word ................ 109
Saving STATUS, WREG and BSR
Registers in RAM .............................................144
Writing to Flash Program Memory ........................... 112
Code Protection ............................................................... 359
COMF ............................................................................... 392
Comparator ...................................................................... 349
Analog Input Connection Considerations ................ 353
Associated Registers ............................................... 353
Configuration ........................................................... 350
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 352
Interrupts ................................................................. 352
Operation ................................................................. 351
Operation During Sleep ........................................... 352
Outputs .................................................................... 351
Reference ................................................................ 351
External Signal ................................................ 351
Internal Signal .................................................. 351
Response Time ........................................................ 351
Comparator Specifications ............................................... 442
Comparator Voltage Reference ....................................... 355
Accuracy and Error .................................................. 356
Associated Registers ............................................... 357
Configuring .............................................................. 355
Connection Considerations ...................................... 356
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 356
Operation During Sleep ........................................... 356
Compare (CCP Module) .................................................. 192
Associated Registers ............................................... 193
CCPRx Register ...................................................... 192
CCPx Pin Configuration ........................................... 192
Software Interrupt Mode .......................................... 192
Timer1/Timer3 Mode Selection ................................ 192
Compare (ECCP Module) ................................................ 202
Special Event Trigger ...................................... 202, 346
Computed GOTO ............................................................... 83
Configuration Bits ............................................................ 359
Configuration Mismatch (CM) Reset .................................. 65
Configuration Register Protection .................................... 373
Core Features
Easy Migration ........................................................... 11
Expanded Memory ..................................................... 11
Extended Instruction Set ........................................... 11
External Memory Bus ................................................ 11
Oscillator Options ...................................................... 11
CPFSEQ .......................................................................... 392
CPFSGT .......................................................................... 393
CPFSLT ........................................................................... 393
Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic Resonators (HS Modes) .......... 50
Customer Change Notification Service ............................ 488
Customer Notification Service ......................................... 488
Customer Support ............................................................ 488
D
Data Addressing Modes .................................................... 98
Comparing Addressing Modes with the
Extended Instruction Set Enabled ................... 102
Direct ......................................................................... 98
Indexed Literal Offset .............................................. 101
Affected Instructions ........................................ 101
BSR ................................................................. 103
Mapping Access Bank ..................................... 103
Indirect ....................................................................... 98
Inherent and Literal .................................................... 98
Data Memory ..................................................................... 86
Access Bank .............................................................. 88
Bank Select Register (BSR) ...................................... 86
Ethernet SFRs ........................................................... 90
Extended Instruction Set ......................................... 100
General Purpose Register File .................................. 88
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 479
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
Memory Maps
Ethernet Special Function Registers ................. 90
PIC18F97J60 Family ......................................... 87
Special Function Registers ................................ 89
Special Function Registers ........................................ 89
DAW ................................................................................. 394
DC Characteristics ........................................................... 439
Power-Down and Supply Current ............................ 432
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 431
DCFSNZ .......................................................................... 395
DECF ............................................................................... 394
DECFSZ ........................................................................... 395
Default System Clock ......................................................... 54
Development Support ...................................................... 425
Device Differences ........................................................... 476
Device Overview ................................................................ 11
Details on Individual Family Members ....................... 12
Features (100-Pin Devices) ....................................... 14
Features (64-Pin Devices) ......................................... 13
Features (80-Pin Devices) ......................................... 13
Direct Addressing ............................................................... 99
E
ECCP2
Pin Assignment ........................................................ 190
Effect on Standard PIC Instructions ................................. 422
Electrical Characteristics .................................................. 429
Requirements for Ethernet Transceiver
External Magnetics .......................................... 463
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) .................... 197
Capture and Compare Modes .................................. 202
Capture Mode. See Capture (ECCP Module).
ECCP1/ECCP3 Outputs and Program
Memory Mode .................................................. 199
ECCP2 Outputs and Program Memory Modes ........ 199
Enhanced PWM Mode ............................................. 203
Outputs and Configuration ....................................... 199
Pin Configurations for ECCP1 ................................. 200
Pin Configurations for ECCP2 ................................. 200
Pin Configurations for ECCP3 ................................. 201
PWM Mode. See PWM (ECCP Module).
Standard PWM Mode ............................................... 202
Timer Resources ...................................................... 199
Use of CCP4/CCP5 with ECCP1/ECCP3 ................ 199
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCPx)
Associated Registers ............................................... 215
Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter (EUSART). See EUSART.
ENVREG pin .................................................................... 369
Equations
16 x 16 Signed Multiplication Algorithm ................... 128
16 x 16 Unsigned Multiplication Algorithm ............... 128
A/D Acquisition Time ................................................ 344
A/D Minimum Charging Time ................................... 344
Calculating Baud Rate Error .................................... 320
Calculating the A/D Minimum Required
Acquisition Time .............................................. 344
Random Access Address Calculation ...................... 253
Receive Buffer Free Space Calculation ................... 254
Errata ................................................................................... 9
Ethernet Module .............................................................. 217
Associated Registers, Direct Memory Access
Controller ......................................................... 266
Associated Registers, Flow Control ......................... 258
Associated Registers, Reception ............................. 255
Associated Registers, Transmission ....................... 255
Automatic RX Polarity Detection, Correction ........... 220
Buffer and Buffer Pointers ....................................... 223
Buffer Arbiter ................................................... 226
DMA Access .................................................... 226
Receive Buffer ................................................. 225
Transmit Buffer ................................................ 226
Buffer and Register Spaces ..................................... 222
Buffer Organization .................................................. 224
CRC ......................................................................... 248
Direct Memory Access (DMA) Controller ................. 265
Direct Memory Access Controller
Checksum Calculations ................................... 266
Copying Memory ............................................. 265
Disabling .................................................................. 246
Duplex Mode Configuration and Negotiation ........... 256
EMI Emissions Considerations ................................ 220
Ethernet and Microcontroller Memory
Relationship ..................................................... 222
Ethernet Control Registers ...................................... 227
Flow Control ............................................................ 257
Initializing ................................................................. 245
Interrupts ................................................................. 239
Interrupts and Wake-on-LAN ................................... 244
LED Configuration ................................................... 218
MAC and MII Registers ........................................... 229
MAC Initialization Settings ....................................... 245
Magnetics, Termination and Other External
Components .................................................... 219
Memory Maps .......................................................... 234
Oscillator Requirements .......................................... 218
Packet Format ......................................................... 247
Per-Packet Control Bytes ........................................ 249
PHSTAT Registers .................................................. 232
PHY Initialization Settings ....................................... 246
PHY Registers ......................................................... 232
PHY Start-up Timer ................................................. 218
Reading from a PHY Register ................................. 233
Receive Filters ......................................................... 259
Broadcast ........................................................ 259
Hash Table ...................................................... 259
Magic Packet ................................................... 259
Multicast .......................................................... 259
Pattern Match .................................................. 259
Unicast ............................................................ 259
Resets ..................................................................... 267
Microcontroller Reset ....................................... 267
Receive Only ................................................... 267
Transmit Only .................................................. 267
Signal and Power Interfaces .................................... 218
Special Function Registers (SFRs) ......................... 227
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 480 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Transmitting and Receiving Data ............................. 247
Packet Field Definitions ........................... 247–248
Reading Received Packets .............................. 253
Receive Buffer Space ...................................... 254
Receive Packet Layout ....................................252
Receive Status Vectors .................................... 253
Receiving Packets ...........................................252
Transmit Packet Layout ...................................250
Transmit Status Vectors ................................... 251
Transmitting Packets ....................................... 249
Ethernet Operation, Microcontroller Clock ......................... 51
EUSARTx
Asynchronous Mode ................................................ 325
Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 329
Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 327
Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character ......... 330
Break Character Sequence .............................. 332
Receiving .................................................332
Receiver ........................................................... 328
Setting Up 9-Bit Mode with Address Detect ..... 328
Transmitter ....................................................... 325
Baud Rate Generator
Operation in Power-Managed Modes .............. 319
Baud Rate Generator (BRG) .................................... 319
Associated Registers .......................................320
Auto-Baud Rate Detect .................................... 323
Baud Rates, Asynchronous Modes .................. 321
High Baud Rate Select (BRGH Bit) .................. 319
Sampling .......................................................... 319
Synchronous Master Mode ...................................... 333
Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 336
Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 334
Reception ......................................................... 335
Transmission .................................................... 333
Synchronous Slave Mode ........................................ 337
Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 338
Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 337
Reception ......................................................... 338
Transmission .................................................... 337
Extended Instruction Set
ADDFSR .................................................................. 418
ADDULNK ................................................................418
CALLW ..................................................................... 419
MOVSF ....................................................................419
MOVSS ....................................................................420
PUSHL .....................................................................420
SUBFSR ..................................................................421
SUBULNK ................................................................ 421
External Clock Input (EC Modes) ....................................... 50
External Memory Bus ....................................................... 115
16-Bit Byte Select Mode .......................................... 121
16-Bit Byte Write Mode ............................................ 119
16-Bit Data Width Modes ......................................... 118
16-Bit Mode Timing .................................................. 122
16-Bit Word Write Mode ........................................... 120
21-Bit Addressing ..................................................... 117
8-Bit Data Width Mode ............................................. 123
8-Bit Mode Timing .................................................... 124
Address and Data Line Usage (table) ...................... 117
Address and Data Width .......................................... 117
Address Shifting ....................................................... 117
Control .....................................................................116
I/O Port Functions .................................................... 115
Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 125
Program Memory Modes ......................................... 118
Extended Microcontroller ................................. 118
Microcontroller ................................................. 118
Wait States .............................................................. 118
Weak Pull-ups on Port Pins ..................................... 118
F
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 359, 371
and the Watchdog Timer ......................................... 371
Exiting Operation ..................................................... 371
Interrupts in Power-Managed Modes ....................... 372
POR or Wake-up From Sleep .................................. 372
Fast Register Stack ........................................................... 83
Firmware Instructions ...................................................... 375
Flash Configuration Words ........................................ 78, 359
Flash Program Memory ................................................... 105
Associated Registers ............................................... 113
Control Registers ..................................................... 106
EECON1 and EECON2 ................................... 106
TABLAT (Table Latch) ..................................... 108
TBLPTR (Table Pointer) .................................. 108
Erase Sequence ...................................................... 110
Erasing .................................................................... 110
Operation During Code-Protect ............................... 113
Reading ................................................................... 109
Table Pointer
Boundaries Based on Operation ..................... 108
Table Pointer Boundaries ........................................ 108
Table Reads and Table Writes ................................ 105
Write Sequence ....................................................... 111
Writing ..................................................................... 111
Protection Against Spurious Writes ................. 113
Unexpected Termination ................................. 113
Write Verify ...................................................... 113
FSCM. See Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.
G
GOTO .............................................................................. 396
H
Hardware Multiplier .......................................................... 127
Introduction .............................................................. 127
Operation ................................................................. 127
Performance Comparison ........................................ 127
I
I/O Ports ........................................................................... 145
Pin Capabilities ........................................................ 145
I2C Mode (MSSP) ............................................................ 279
Acknowledge Sequence Timing .............................. 307
Associated Registers ............................................... 313
Baud Rate Generator .............................................. 300
Bus Collision
During a Repeated Start Condition .................. 311
During a Start Condition .................................. 309
During a Stop Condition .................................. 312
Clock Arbitration ...................................................... 301
Clock Rate w/BRG ................................................... 300
Clock Stretching ....................................................... 293
10-Bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) ............ 293
10-Bit Slave Transmit Mode ............................ 293
7-Bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) .............. 293
7-Bit Slave Transmit Mode .............................. 293
Clock Synchronization and the CKP Bit ................... 294
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 308
General Call Address Support ................................. 297
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 481
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Master Mode ............................................................ 298
Baud Rate Generator ....................................... 300
Operation ......................................................... 299
Reception ......................................................... 304
Repeated Start Condition Timing ..................... 303
Start Condition Timing ..................................... 302
Transmission ................................................... 304
Multi-Master Communication, Bus Collision
and Arbitration ................................................. 308
Multi-Master Mode ................................................... 308
Operation ................................................................. 284
Read/Write Bit Information (R/W Bit) ............... 284, 286
Registers .................................................................. 279
Serial Clock (SCKx/SCLx) ....................................... 286
Slave Mode .............................................................. 284
Address Masking ............................................. 285
Addressing ....................................................... 284
Reception ......................................................... 286
Transmission ................................................... 286
Sleep Operation ....................................................... 308
Stop Condition Timing .............................................. 307
INCF ................................................................................. 396
INCFSZ ............................................................................ 397
In-Circuit Debugger .......................................................... 373
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) ...................... 359, 373
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
and Standard PIC18 Instructions ............................. 422
Indexed Literal Offset Mode ............................................. 422
Indirect Addressing ............................................................ 99
INFSNZ ............................................................................ 397
Initialization Conditions for All Registers ...................... 69–75
Instruction Cycle ................................................................ 84
Clocking Scheme ....................................................... 84
Flow/Pipelining ........................................................... 84
Instruction Set .................................................................. 375
ADDLW .................................................................... 381
ADDWF .................................................................... 381
ADDWF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) .................... 423
ADDWFC ................................................................. 382
ANDLW .................................................................... 382
ANDWF .................................................................... 383
BC ............................................................................ 383
BCF .......................................................................... 384
BN ............................................................................ 384
BNC ......................................................................... 385
BNN ......................................................................... 385
BNOV ....................................................................... 386
BNZ .......................................................................... 386
BOV ......................................................................... 389
BRA .......................................................................... 387
BSF .......................................................................... 387
BSF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) .......................... 423
BTFSC ..................................................................... 388
BTFSS ..................................................................... 388
BTG .......................................................................... 389
BZ ............................................................................ 390
CALL ........................................................................ 390
CLRF ........................................................................ 391
CLRWDT .................................................................. 391
COMF ...................................................................... 392
CPFSEQ .................................................................. 392
CPFSGT .................................................................. 393
CPFSLT ................................................................... 393
DAW ......................................................................... 394
DCFSNZ .................................................................. 395
DECF ....................................................................... 394
DECFSZ .................................................................. 395
Extended Instructions .............................................. 417
Considerations when Enabling ........................ 422
Syntax ............................................................. 417
Use with MPLAB IDE Tools ............................. 424
General Format ....................................................... 377
GOTO ...................................................................... 396
INCF ........................................................................ 396
INCFSZ .................................................................... 397
INFSNZ .................................................................... 397
IORLW ..................................................................... 398
IORWF ..................................................................... 398
LFSR ....................................................................... 399
MOVF ...................................................................... 399
MOVFF .................................................................... 400
MOVLB .................................................................... 400
MOVLW ................................................................... 401
MOVWF ................................................................... 401
MULLW .................................................................... 402
MULWF ................................................................... 402
NEGF ....................................................................... 403
NOP ......................................................................... 403
POP ......................................................................... 404
PUSH ....................................................................... 404
RCALL ..................................................................... 405
RESET ..................................................................... 405
RETFIE .................................................................... 406
RETLW .................................................................... 406
RETURN .................................................................. 407
RLCF ....................................................................... 407
RLNCF ..................................................................... 408
RRCF ....................................................................... 408
RRNCF .................................................................... 409
SETF ....................................................................... 409
SETF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) ........................ 423
SLEEP ..................................................................... 410
Standard Instructions ............................................... 375
SUBFWB ................................................................. 410
SUBLW .................................................................... 411
SUBWF .................................................................... 411
SUBWFB ................................................................. 412
SWAPF .................................................................... 412
TBLRD ..................................................................... 413
TBLWT .................................................................... 414
TSTFSZ ................................................................... 415
XORLW ................................................................... 415
XORWF ................................................................... 416
INTCON Register
RBIF Bit ................................................................... 148
INTCON Registers ........................................................... 131
Inter-Integrated Circuit. See I2C Mode.
Internal Oscillator Block ..................................................... 51
Internal RC Oscillator
Use with WDT .......................................................... 367
Internal Voltage Regulator Specifications ........................ 442
Internet Address .............................................................. 488
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 482 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Interrupt Sources .............................................................. 359
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) .............................. 148
INTx Pin ................................................................... 144
PORTB, Interrupt-on-Change .................................. 144
TMR0 .......................................................................144
TMR0 Overflow ........................................................ 173
TMR1 Overflow ........................................................ 175
TMR2 to PR2 Match (PWM) .................................... 203
TMR3 Overflow ................................................ 183, 185
TMR4 to PR4 Match ................................................ 188
TMR4 to PR4 Match (PWM) .................................... 187
Interrupts .......................................................................... 129
Context Saving ......................................................... 144
Interrupts, Flag Bits
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) Flag
(RBIF Bit) ......................................................... 148
INTRC. See Internal Oscillator Block.
IORLW .............................................................................398
IORWF .............................................................................398
IPR Registers ................................................................... 140
L
LFSR ................................................................................ 399
M
Master Clear (MCLR) ......................................................... 65
Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP). See MSSP.
Memory Organization ......................................................... 77
Data Memory ............................................................. 86
Program Memory ....................................................... 77
Memory Programming Requirements ..............................441
Microchip Internet Web Site ............................................. 488
MOVF ............................................................................... 399
MOVFF ............................................................................. 400
MOVLB ............................................................................. 400
MOVLW ............................................................................ 401
MOVSF ............................................................................419
MOVSS ............................................................................ 420
MOVWF ...........................................................................401
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian .................. 426
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment
Software ................................................................... 425
MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer .................................... 428
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System ................ 427
MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian ............... 426
MSSP
ACK Pulse ........................................................ 284, 286
Control Registers (general) ...................................... 269
Module Overview ..................................................... 269
SPI Master/Slave Connection .................................. 273
SSPxBUF Register .................................................. 274
SSPxSR Register ..................................................... 274
MULLW ............................................................................402
MULWF ............................................................................ 402
N
NEGF ............................................................................... 403
NOP ................................................................................. 403
O
Opcode Field Descriptions ............................................... 376
Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) .......................... 248
Oscillator Configuration ..................................................... 49
EC .............................................................................. 49
ECPLL ....................................................................... 49
HS .............................................................................. 49
HSPLL ....................................................................... 49
Internal Oscillator Block ............................................. 51
INTRC ........................................................................ 49
Oscillator Selection .......................................................... 359
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ......................................... 54
Oscillator Transitions ......................................................... 54
Oscillator, Timer1 ..................................................... 175, 185
Oscillator, Timer3 ............................................................. 183
OUI. See Organizationally Unique Identifier.
P
Packaging ........................................................................ 465
Details ...................................................................... 466
Marking .................................................................... 465
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) ................................................. 168
Associated Registers ............................................... 170
PORTD .................................................................... 168
Select (PSPMODE Bit) ............................................ 168
PIE Registers ................................................................... 137
Pin Functions
AVDD .............................................................. 32, 42, 24
AVSS .............................................................. 42, 32, 24
ENVREG ....................................................... 24, 32, 42
MCLR ............................................................ 25, 33, 18
OSC1/CLKI .................................................... 18, 25, 33
OSC2/CLKO .................................................. 18, 25, 33
RA0/LEDA/AN0 ............................................. 18, 25, 33
RA1/LEDB/AN1 ............................................. 18, 25, 33
RA2/AN2/VREF- ............................................. 18, 25, 33
RA3/AN3/VREF+ ............................................ 18, 25, 33
RA4/T0CKI .................................................... 18, 25, 33
RA5/AN4 ........................................................ 18, 25, 33
RB0/INT0/FLT0 .............................................. 19, 26, 34
RB1/INT1 ....................................................... 19, 26, 34
RB2/INT2 ....................................................... 19, 26, 34
RB3/INT3 ............................................................. 19, 26
RB3/INT3/ECCP2/P2A .............................................. 34
RB4/KBI0 ....................................................... 19, 26, 34
RB5/KBI1 ....................................................... 19, 26, 34
RB6/KBI2/PGC .............................................. 19, 26, 34
RB7/KBI3/PGD .............................................. 19, 26, 34
RBIAS ............................................................ 24, 32, 42
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI ..................................... 20, 27, 35
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A ............................... 20, 27, 35
RC2/ECCP1/P1A ........................................... 20, 27, 35
RC3/SCK1/SCL1 ........................................... 20, 27, 35
RC4/SDI1/SDA1 ............................................ 20, 27, 35
RC5/SDO1 ..................................................... 20, 27, 35
RC6/TX1/CK1 ................................................ 20, 27, 35
RC7/RX1/DT1 ................................................ 20, 27, 35
RD0 ........................................................................... 28
RD0/AD0/PSP0 ......................................................... 36
RD0/P1B .................................................................... 21
RD1 ........................................................................... 28
RD1/AD1/PSP1 ......................................................... 36
RD1/ECCP3/P3A ....................................................... 21
RD2 ........................................................................... 28
RD2/AD2/PSP2 ......................................................... 36
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 483
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RD2/CCP4/P3D ......................................................... 21
RD3/AD3/PSP3 .......................................................... 36
RD4/AD4/PSP4/SDO2 ............................................... 36
RD5/AD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2 ...................................... 36
RD6/AD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2 ..................................... 36
RD7/AD7/PSP7/SS2 .................................................. 36
RE0/AD8/RD/P2D ...................................................... 37
RE0/P2D .............................................................. 22, 28
RE1/AD9/WR/P2C ..................................................... 37
RE1/P2C .............................................................. 22, 28
RE2/AD10/CS/P2B .................................................... 37
RE2/P2B .............................................................. 22, 28
RE3/AD11/P3C .......................................................... 37
RE3/P3C .............................................................. 22, 28
RE4/AD12/P3B .......................................................... 37
RE4/P3B .............................................................. 22, 28
RE5/AD13/P1C .......................................................... 37
RE5/P1C .............................................................. 22, 28
RE6/AD14/P1B .......................................................... 37
RE6/P1B .................................................................... 28
RE7/AD15/ECCP2/P2A ............................................. 37
RE7/ECCP2/P2A ....................................................... 28
RF0/AN5 .................................................................... 38
RF1/AN6/C2OUT ........................................... 23, 29, 38
RF2/AN7/C1OUT ........................................... 23, 29, 38
RF3/AN8 ........................................................ 23, 29, 38
RF4/AN9 ........................................................ 23, 29, 38
RF5/AN10/CVREF .......................................... 23, 38, 29
RF6/AN11 ...................................................... 23, 29, 38
RF7/SS1 ........................................................ 23, 38, 29
RG0/ECCP3/P3A ................................................. 30, 39
RG1/TX2/CK2 ...................................................... 30, 39
RG2/RX2/DT2 ...................................................... 30, 39
RG3/CCP4/P3D ................................................... 30, 39
RG4/CCP5/P1D ............................................. 24, 30, 39
RG5 ............................................................................ 39
RG6 ............................................................................ 39
RG7 ............................................................................ 39
RH0 ............................................................................ 31
RH0/A16 .................................................................... 40
RH1 ............................................................................ 31
RH1/A17 .................................................................... 40
RH2 ............................................................................ 31
RH2/A18 .................................................................... 40
RH3 ............................................................................ 31
RH3/A19 .................................................................... 40
RH4/AN12/P3C .................................................... 31, 40
RH5/AN13/P3B .................................................... 31, 40
RH6/AN14/P1C .................................................... 31, 40
RH7/AN15/P1B .................................................... 31, 40
RJ0/ALE ..................................................................... 41
RJ1/OE ...................................................................... 41
RJ2/WRL .................................................................... 41
RJ3/WRH ................................................................... 41
RJ4 ............................................................................. 32
RJ4/BA0 ..................................................................... 41
RJ5 ............................................................................. 32
RJ5/CE ....................................................................... 41
RJ6/LB ....................................................................... 41
RJ7/UB ....................................................................... 41
TPIN- .............................................................. 24, 32, 42
TPIN+ ............................................................. 24, 32, 42
TPOUT- .......................................................... 24, 32, 42
TPOUT+ ......................................................... 24, 32, 42
VDD ................................................................ 24, 42, 32
VDDCORE/VCAP .............................................. 42, 24, 32
VDDPLL ........................................................... 32, 42, 24
VDDRX ............................................................ 32, 42, 24
VDDTX ............................................................ 24, 32, 42
VSS ................................................................ 42, 32, 24
VSSPLL ........................................................... 24, 42, 32
VSSRX ............................................................ 32, 24, 42
VSSTX ............................................................. 32, 42, 24
Pinout I/O Descriptions
PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60 ....................................... 18
PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60 ....................................... 25
PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60 ....................................... 33
PIR Registers ................................................................... 134
PLL Block .......................................................................... 51
Clock Speeds for Various Configurations .................. 52
POP ................................................................................. 404
POR. See Power-on Reset.
PORTA
Associated Registers ............................................... 147
LATA Register ......................................................... 146
PORTA Register ...................................................... 146
TRISA Register ........................................................ 146
PORTB
Associated Registers ............................................... 150
LATB Register ......................................................... 148
PORTB Register ...................................................... 148
RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Flag (RBIF Bit) ....... 148
TRISB Register ........................................................ 148
PORTC
Associated Registers ............................................... 153
LATC Register ......................................................... 151
PORTC Register ...................................................... 151
RC3/SCK1/SCL1 Pin ............................................... 286
TRISC Register ....................................................... 151
PORTD
Associated Registers ............................................... 156
LATD Register ......................................................... 154
PORTD Register ...................................................... 154
TRISD Register ....................................................... 154
PORTE
Associated Registers ............................................... 159
LATE Register ......................................................... 157
PORTE Register ...................................................... 157
PSP Mode Select (PSPMODE Bit) .......................... 168
RE0/AD8/RD/P2D Pin ............................................. 168
RE1/AD9/WR/P2C Pin ............................................ 168
RE2/AD10/CS/P2B Pin ............................................ 168
TRISE Register ........................................................ 157
PORTF
Associated Registers ............................................... 161
LATF Register ......................................................... 160
PORTF Register ...................................................... 160
TRISF Register ........................................................ 160
PORTG
Associated Registers ............................................... 163
LATG Register ......................................................... 162
PORTG Register ..................................................... 162
TRISG Register ....................................................... 162
PORTH
Associated Registers ............................................... 165
LATH Register ......................................................... 164
PORTH Register ...................................................... 164
TRISH Register ....................................................... 164
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 484 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
PORTJ
Associated Registers ............................................... 167
LATJ Register .......................................................... 166
PORTJ Register .......................................................166
TRISJ Register ......................................................... 166
Power-Managed Modes ..................................................... 55
and SPI Operation ................................................... 277
Clock Sources ............................................................ 55
Clock Transitions and Status Indicators ..................... 56
Entering ...................................................................... 55
Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes .................................... 61
By Interrupt ........................................................ 61
By Reset ............................................................ 61
By WDT Time-out ..............................................61
Without an Oscillator Start-up Timer Delay ........ 61
Idle Modes ................................................................. 59
PRI_IDLE ........................................................... 60
RC_IDLE ............................................................ 61
SEC_IDLE .......................................................... 60
Multiple Sleep Commands ......................................... 56
Run Modes ................................................................. 56
PRI_RUN ...........................................................56
RC_RUN ............................................................ 58
SEC_RUN .......................................................... 56
Selection ....................................................................55
Sleep Mode ................................................................ 59
Summary (table) ........................................................ 55
Power-on Reset (POR) ...................................................... 65
Power-up Timer (PWRT) ........................................... 66
Time-out Sequence .................................................... 66
Power-up Delays ................................................................ 54
Power-up Timer (PWRT) .............................................. 54, 66
Prescaler
Timer2 ...................................................................... 204
Prescaler, Timer0 ............................................................. 173
Prescaler, Timer2 ............................................................. 195
PRI_IDLE Mode ................................................................. 60
PRI_RUN Mode ................................................................. 56
Program Counter ................................................................ 81
PCL, PCH and PCU Registers ................................... 81
PCLATH and PCLATU Registers ..............................81
Program Memory
Extended Instruction Set .......................................... 100
Instructions ................................................................. 85
Two-Word .......................................................... 85
Interrupt Vector .......................................................... 78
Look-up Tables .......................................................... 83
Memory Maps ............................................................ 77
Hard Vectors and Configuration Words ............. 78
Memory Maps, Modes ............................................... 80
Modes
Memory Access (table) ...................................... 80
Reset Vector .............................................................. 78
Program Memory Modes .................................................... 79
Address Shifting (Extended Microcontroller) .............. 80
Extended Microcontroller ........................................... 79
Microcontroller ........................................................... 79
Program Verification and Code Protection ....................... 373
Programming, Device Instructions ................................... 375
PSP. See Parallel Slave Port.
Pulse-Width Modulation. See PWM (CCP Module)
and PWM (ECCP Module).
PUSH ............................................................................... 404
PUSH and POP Instructions .............................................. 82
PUSHL ............................................................................. 420
PWM (CCP Module)
Associated Registers ............................................... 196
Duty Cycle ............................................................... 194
Example Frequencies/Resolutions .......................... 195
Operation Setup ...................................................... 195
Period ...................................................................... 194
TMR2 to PR2 Match ................................................ 203
TMR4 to PR4 Match ................................................ 187
PWM (ECCP Module) ...................................................... 203
CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers ................................... 203
Direction Change in Full-Bridge Output Mode ......... 209
Duty Cycle ............................................................... 204
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 214
Enhanced PWM Auto-Shutdown ............................. 211
Example Frequencies/Resolutions .......................... 204
Full-Bridge Mode ..................................................... 208
Half-Bridge Mode ..................................................... 207
Output Configurations .............................................. 204
Output Relationships (Active-High) .......................... 205
Output Relationships (Active-Low) .......................... 206
Period ...................................................................... 203
Programmable Dead-Band Delay ............................ 211
Setup for PWM Operation ........................................ 214
Start-up Considerations ........................................... 213
Q
Q Clock .................................................................... 195, 204
R
RAM. See Data Memory.
RC_IDLE Mode .................................................................. 61
RC_RUN Mode .................................................................. 58
RCALL ............................................................................. 405
RCON Register
Bit Status During Initialization .................................... 68
Reader Response ............................................................ 489
Receive Filters
AND Logic Flow ....................................................... 262
Magic Packet Format ............................................... 264
OR Logic Flow ......................................................... 261
Pattern Match Filter Format ..................................... 263
Register File Summary ................................................ 91–96
Registers
ADCON0 (A/D Control 0) ......................................... 339
ADCON1 (A/D Control 1) ......................................... 340
ADCON2 (A/D Control 2) ......................................... 341
BAUDCONx (Baud Rate Control x) ......................... 318
CCPxCON (Capture/Compare/PWM Control,
CCP4 and CCP5) ............................................ 189
CCPxCON (Enhanced CCPx Control,
ECCP1/ECCP2/ECCP3) ................................. 198
CMCON (Comparator Control) ................................ 349
CONFIG1H (Configuration 1 High) .......................... 361
CONFIG1L (Configuration 1 Low) ........................... 361
CONFIG2H (Configuration 2 High) .......................... 363
CONFIG2L (Configuration 2 Low) ........................... 362
CONFIG3H (Configuration 3 High) .......................... 365
CONFIG3L (Configuration 3 Low) ..................... 79, 364
CVRCON (Comparator Voltage
Reference Control) .......................................... 355
DEVID1 (Device ID 1) .............................................. 366
DEVID2 (Device ID 2) .............................................. 366
ECCP1AS (ECCP1 Auto-Shutdown
Configuration) .................................................. 212
ECCP1DEL (ECCP1 Dead-Band Delay) ................. 211
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 485
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
ECON1 (Ethernet Control 1) .................................... 227
ECON2 (Ethernet Control 2) .................................... 228
EECON1 (EEPROM Control 1) ................................ 107
EFLOCON (Ethernet Flow Control) ......................... 258
EIE (Ethernet Interrupt Enable) ................................ 240
EIR (Ethernet Interrupt Request, Flag) .................... 241
ERXFCON (Ethernet Receive Filter Control) ........... 260
ESTAT (Ethernet Status) ......................................... 228
INTCON (Interrupt Control) ...................................... 131
INTCON2 (Interrupt Control 2) ................................. 132
INTCON3 (Interrupt Control 3) ................................. 133
IPR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 1) ........................ 140
IPR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 2) ........................ 141
IPR3 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 3) ........................ 142
MABBIPG (MAC Back-to-Back
Inter-Packet Gap) ............................................ 246
MACON1 (MAC Control 1) ....................................... 229
MACON3 (MAC Control 3) ....................................... 230
MACON4 (MAC Control 4) ....................................... 231
MEMCON (External Memory Bus Control) .............. 116
MICMD (MII Command) ........................................... 231
MISTAT (MII Status) ................................................ 232
OSCCON (Oscillator Control) .................................... 53
OSCTUNE (PLL Block Control) ................................. 51
PHCON1 (PHY Control 1) ........................................ 235
PHCON2 (PHY Control 2) ........................................ 236
PHIE (PHY Interrupt Enable) ................................... 242
PHIR (PHY Interrupt Request, Flag) ........................ 242
PHLCON (PHY Module LED Control) ...................... 238
PHSTAT1 (Physical Layer Status 1) ........................ 235
PHSTAT2 (Physical Layer Status 2) ........................ 237
PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1) ........................ 137
PIE2 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 2) ........................ 138
PIE3 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 3) ........................ 139
PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 1) ........... 134
PIR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 2) ........... 135
PIR3 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 3) ........... 136
PSPCON (Parallel Slave Port Control) .................... 169
RCON (Reset Control) ....................................... 64, 143
RCSTAx (Receive Status and Control x) ................. 317
SSPxCON1 (MSSPx Control 1, I2C Mode) .............. 281
SSPxCON1 (MSSPx Control 1, SPI Mode) ............. 271
SSPxCON2 (MSSPx Control 2,
I2C Master Mode) ............................................ 282
SSPxCON2 (MSSPx Control 2,
I2C Slave Mode) .............................................. 283
SSPxSTAT (MSSPx Status, I2C Mode) ................... 280
SSPxSTAT (MSSPx Status, SPI Mode) .................. 270
STATUS ..................................................................... 97
STKPTR (Stack Pointer) ............................................ 82
T0CON (Timer0 Control) .......................................... 171
T1CON (Timer1 Control) .......................................... 175
T2CON (Timer2 Control) .......................................... 180
T3CON (Timer3 Control) .......................................... 183
T4CON (Timer4 Control) .......................................... 187
TXSTAx (Transmit Status and Control x) ................. 316
WDTCON (Watchdog Timer Control) ...................... 368
RESET ............................................................................. 405
Reset ................................................................................. 63
Brown-out Reset (BOR) ............................................. 63
Configuration Mismatch (CM) .................................... 63
MCLR Reset, During Power-Managed Modes .......... 63
MCLR Reset, Normal Operation ................................ 63
Power-on Reset (POR) .............................................. 63
RESET Instruction ..................................................... 63
Stack Full Reset ........................................................ 63
Stack Underflow Reset .............................................. 63
State of Registers ...................................................... 68
Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset
During Execution ............................................... 63
Resets ............................................................................. 359
Brown-out Reset (BOR) ........................................... 359
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ............................... 359
Power-on Reset (POR) ............................................ 359
Power-up Timer (PWRT) ......................................... 359
Stack Full/Underflow .................................................. 83
RETFIE ............................................................................ 406
RETLW ............................................................................ 406
RETURN .......................................................................... 407
Return Address Stack ........................................................ 81
Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR) ........................................ 82
Revision History ............................................................... 475
RLCF ............................................................................... 407
RLNCF ............................................................................. 408
RRCF ............................................................................... 408
RRNCF ............................................................................ 409
S
SCKx ............................................................................... 269
SDIx ................................................................................. 269
SDOx ............................................................................... 269
SEC_IDLE Mode ............................................................... 60
SEC_RUN Mode ................................................................ 56
Serial Clock, SCKx .......................................................... 269
Serial Data In (SDIx) ........................................................ 269
Serial Data Out (SDOx) ................................................... 269
Serial Peripheral Interface. See SPI Mode.
SETF ............................................................................... 409
Slave Select (SSx) ........................................................... 269
SLEEP ............................................................................. 410
Sleep
OSC1 and OSC2 Pin States ...................................... 54
Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM) ................................... 427
Special Event Trigger. See Compare (ECCP Module).
Special Features of the CPU ........................................... 359
Special Function Registers
Ethernet SFRs ........................................................... 90
SPI Mode (MSSP)
Associated Registers ............................................... 278
Bus Mode Compatibility ........................................... 277
Clock Speed and Module Interactions ..................... 277
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 277
Enabling SPI I/O ...................................................... 273
Master Mode ............................................................ 274
Master/Slave Connection ........................................ 273
Operation ................................................................. 272
Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 277
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 486 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Serial Clock ..............................................................269
Serial Data In ........................................................... 269
Serial Data Out ........................................................ 269
Slave Mode .............................................................. 275
Slave Select ............................................................. 269
Slave Select Synchronization .................................. 275
SPI Clock ................................................................. 274
Typical Connection .................................................. 273
SSPOV ............................................................................. 304
SSPOV Status Flag .......................................................... 304
SSPSTAT Register
R/W Bit .....................................................................286
SSPxSTAT Register
R/W Bit .....................................................................284
......................................................................................... 269
SUBFSR ........................................................................... 421
SUBFWB ..........................................................................410
SUBLW ............................................................................411
SUBULNK ........................................................................421
SUBWF ............................................................................ 411
SUBWFB .......................................................................... 412
SWAPF ............................................................................412
T
Table Pointer Operations (table) ...................................... 108
Table Reads/Table Writes .................................................. 83
TBLRD .............................................................................413
TBLWT .............................................................................414
Timer0 .............................................................................. 171
Associated Registers ............................................... 173
Clock Source Select (T0CS Bit) ............................... 172
Operation .................................................................172
Overflow Interrupt .................................................... 173
Prescaler ..................................................................173
Prescaler Assignment (PSA Bit) .............................. 173
Prescaler Select (T0PS2:T0PS0 Bits) ..................... 173
Prescaler, Switching Assignment ............................. 173
Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer0.
Reads and Writes in 16-Bit Mode ............................172
Source Edge Select (T0SE Bit) ................................ 172
Timer1 .............................................................................. 175
16-Bit Read/Write Mode ........................................... 177
Associated Registers ............................................... 179
Considerations in Asynchronous Counter Mode ...... 178
Interrupt .................................................................... 178
Operation .................................................................176
Oscillator .......................................................... 175, 177
Layout Considerations ..................................... 177
Overflow Interrupt .................................................... 175
Resetting, Using the ECCPx Special
Event Trigger ................................................... 178
Special Event Trigger (ECCP) ................................. 202
TMR1H Register ......................................................175
TMR1L Register .......................................................175
Use as a Clock Source ............................................ 177
Use as a Real-Time Clock ....................................... 178
Timer2 .............................................................................. 180
Associated Registers ............................................... 181
Interrupt .................................................................... 181
Operation .................................................................180
Output ...................................................................... 181
PR2 Register .................................................... 194, 203
TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt ..................................203
Timer3 .............................................................................. 183
16-Bit Read/Write Mode .......................................... 185
Associated Registers ............................................... 185
Operation ................................................................. 184
Oscillator .......................................................... 183, 185
Overflow Interrupt ............................................ 183, 185
Resetting Using the ECCPx Special
Event Trigger ................................................... 185
TMR3H Register ...................................................... 183
TMR3L Register ....................................................... 183
Timer4 .............................................................................. 187
Associated Registers ............................................... 188
Operation ................................................................. 187
Output, PWM Time Base ......................................... 188
Postscaler. See Postscaler, Timer4.
PR4 Register ................................................... 187, 194
Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer4.
TMR4 Register ......................................................... 187
TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt .......................... 187, 188
Timing Diagrams
A/D Conversion ........................................................ 462
Asynchronous Reception, RXDTP = 0
(RXx Not Inverted) ........................................... 329
Asynchronous Transmission (Back-to-Back),
TXCKP = 0 (TXx Not Inverted) ........................ 326
Asynchronous Transmission, TXCKP = 0
(TXx Not Inverted) ........................................... 326
Automatic Baud Rate Calculation ............................ 324
Auto-Wake-up Bit (WUE) During Normal
Operation ......................................................... 331
Auto-Wake-up Bit (WUE) During Sleep ................... 331
Baud Rate Generator with Clock Arbitration ............ 301
BRG Overflow Sequence ......................................... 324
BRG Reset Due to SDAx Arbitration During
Start Condition ................................................. 310
Capture/Compare/PWM (Including
ECCPx Modules) ............................................. 452
CLKO and I/O .......................................................... 447
Clock Synchronization ............................................. 294
Clock/Instruction Cycle .............................................. 84
EUSARTx Synchronous Receive
(Master/Slave) ................................................. 461
EUSARTx Synchronous Transmission
(Master/Slave) ................................................. 461
Example SPI Master Mode (CKE = 0) ..................... 453
Example SPI Master Mode (CKE = 1) ..................... 454
Example SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 0) ....................... 455
Example SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 1) ....................... 456
External Clock (All Modes Except PLL) ................... 445
External Memory Bus for Sleep (Extended
Microcontroller Mode) .............................. 122, 124
External Memory Bus for TBLRD (Extended
Microcontroller Mode) .............................. 122, 124
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 372
First Start Bit ............................................................ 302
Full-Bridge PWM Output .......................................... 208
Half-Bridge PWM Output ......................................... 207
I2C Acknowledge Sequence .................................... 307
I2C Bus Collision During a Repeated
Start Condition (Case 1) .................................. 311
I2C Bus Collision During a Repeated
Start Condition (Case 2) .................................. 311
I2C Bus Collision During a Stop Condition (Case 1) 312
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 487
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
I2C Bus Collision During a Stop
Condition (Case 2) ........................................... 312
I2C Bus Collision During Start
Condition (SCLx = 0) ....................................... 310
I2C Bus Collision During Start
Condition (SDAx Only) ..................................... 309
I2C Bus Collision for Transmit and Acknowledge .... 308
I2C Bus Data ............................................................ 457
I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits ............................................. 457
I2C Master Mode (7 or 10-Bit Transmission) ........... 305
I2C Master Mode (7-Bit Reception) .......................... 306
I2C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 0,
ADMSK = 01001) ............................................. 291
I2C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 0) .......... 290
I2C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 1) .......... 296
I2C Slave Mode (10-Bit Transmission) ..................... 292
I2C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 0,
ADMSK = 01011) ............................................. 288
I2C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 0) ............ 287
I2C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 1) ............ 295
I2C Slave Mode (7-Bit Transmission) ....................... 289
I2C Slave Mode General Call Address
Sequence (7 or 10-Bit Addressing Mode) ........ 297
I2C Stop Condition Receive or Transmit Mode ........ 307
Master SSP I2C Bus Data ........................................ 459
Master SSP I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits ........................ 459
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Read ............................... 170
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Write ............................... 169
Program Memory Read ............................................ 448
Program Memory Write ............................................ 449
PWM Auto-Shutdown (P1RSEN = 0,
Auto-Restart Disabled) .................................... 213
PWM Auto-Shutdown (P1RSEN = 1,
Auto-Restart Enabled) ..................................... 213
PWM Direction Change ........................................... 210
PWM Direction Change at Near
100% Duty Cycle ............................................. 210
PWM Output ............................................................ 194
Repeated Start Condition ......................................... 303
Reset, Watchdog Timer (WDT), Oscillator Start-up
Timer (OST) and Power-up Timer (PWRT) ..... 450
Send Break Character Sequence ............................ 332
Slave Synchronization ............................................. 275
Slow Rise Time (MCLR Tied to VDD,
VDD Rise > TPWRT) ............................................ 67
SPI Mode (Master Mode) ......................................... 274
SPI Mode (Slave Mode, CKE = 0) ........................... 276
SPI Mode (Slave Mode, CKE = 1) ........................... 276
Synchronous Reception (Master Mode, SREN) ...... 335
Synchronous Transmission ...................................... 333
Synchronous Transmission (Through TXEN) .......... 334
Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR
Not Tied to VDD), Case 1 ................................... 66
Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR
Not Tied to VDD), Case 2 ................................... 67
Time-out Sequence on Power-up (MCLR Tied
to VDD, VDD Rise < TPWRT) ................................ 66
Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock .......................... 451
Transition for Entry to Idle Mode ................................ 60
Transition for Entry to SEC_RUN Mode .................... 57
Transition for Entry to Sleep Mode ............................ 59
Transition for Two-Speed Start-up
(INTRC to HSPLL) ........................................... 370
Transition for Wake From Idle to Run Mode .............. 60
Transition for Wake From Sleep Mode (HSPLL) ....... 59
Transition From RC_RUN Mode to
PRI_RUN Mode ................................................. 58
Transition From SEC_RUN Mode to
PRI_RUN Mode (HSPLL) .................................. 57
Transition to RC_RUN Mode ..................................... 58
Timing Diagrams and Specifications
AC Characteristics
Internal RC Accuracy ....................................... 446
Capture/Compare/PWM Requirements
(Including ECCPx Modules) ............................ 452
CLKO and I/O Requirements ........................... 447, 448
EUSARTx Synchronous Receive Requirements ..... 461
EUSARTx Synchronous Transmission
Requirements .................................................. 461
Example SPI Mode Requirements
(Master Mode, CKE = 0) .................................. 453
Example SPI Mode Requirements
(Master Mode, CKE = 1) .................................. 454
Example SPI Mode Requirements
(Slave Mode, CKE = 0) .................................... 455
Example SPI Slave Mode Requirements (CKE = 1) 456
External Clock Requirements .................................. 445
I2C Bus Data Requirements (Slave Mode) .............. 458
I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits Requirements
(Slave Mode) ................................................... 457
Master SSP I2C Bus Data Requirements ................ 460
Master SSP I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits
Requirements .................................................. 459
Parallel Slave Port Requirements ............................ 452
PLL Clock ................................................................ 446
Program Memory Write Requirements .................... 449
Reset, Watchdog Timer, Oscillator Start-up
Timer, Power-up Timer and Brown-out
Reset Requirements ........................................ 450
Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock
Requirements .................................................. 451
Top-of-Stack Access .......................................................... 81
TRISE Register
PSPMODE Bit ......................................................... 168
TSTFSZ ........................................................................... 415
Two-Speed Start-up ................................................. 359, 370
Two-Word Instructions
Example Cases ......................................................... 85
TXSTAx Register
BRGH Bit ................................................................. 319
V
VDDCORE/VCAP Pin .......................................... 369, 442, 369
W
Watchdog Timer (WDT) ........................................... 359, 367
Associated Registers ............................................... 368
Control Register ....................................................... 367
Programming Considerations .................................. 367
WCOL ...................................................... 302, 303, 304, 307
WCOL Status Flag ................................... 302, 303, 304, 307
WWW Address ................................................................ 488
WWW, On-Line Support ...................................................... 9
X
XORLW ........................................................................... 415
XORWF ........................................................................... 416
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 488 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 489
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
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Technical suppo rt is avail able throug h the we b site
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PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
DS39762F-page 490 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
READER RESP ONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
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DS39762FPIC18F97J60 Family
1. What are the best features of this document?
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?
6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?
7. How would you improve this document?
2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39762F-page 491
PIC18F97J60 FAMILY
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.
PART NO. X/XX XXX
PatternPackageTemperature
Range
Device
Device PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60,
PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60,
PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60,
PIC18F66J60/66J65/67J60T(1),
PIC18F86J60/86J65/87J60T(1),
PIC18F96J60/96J65/97J60T(1)
Temperature Range I = -40C to +85C (Industrial)
Package PT = 64, 80 and 100-Lead, 12x12x1 mm
TQFP (Thin Quad Flatpack)
PF = 100-Lead, 14x14x1 mm TQFP
Pattern QTP, SQTP, Code or Special Requirements
(blank otherwise)
Examples:
a) PIC18F67J60-I/PT 301 = Industrial temp.,
TQFP package, QTP pattern #301.
b) PIC18F67J60T-I/PT = Tape and reel, Industrial
temp., TQFP package.
Note 1: T = in tape and reel
DS39762F-page 492 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
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02/18/11
