ams Datasheet Page 1
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TCS3771
Color Light-To-Digital Converter with
Proximity Sensing
The TCS3771 family of devices provides red, green, blue, and
clear (RGBC) light sensing and proximity detection (when
coupled with an external IR LED). They detect light intensity
under a variety of lighting conditions and through a variety of
attenuation materials. The proximity detection feature allows a
large dynamic range of operation for use in short distance
detection behind dark glass such as in a cell phone or for longer
distance measurements for applications such as presence
detection for monitors or laptops. The programmable proximity
detection enables continuous measurements across the entire
range. In addition, an internal state machine provides the ability
to put the device into a low power mode in between RGBC and
proximity measurements providing very low average power
consumption.
The TCS3771 is directly useful in lighting conditions containing
minimal IR content such as LED RGB backlight control, reflected
LED color sampler, or fluorescent light color temperature
detector. With the addition of an IR blocking filter, the device is
an excellent ambient light sensor, color temperature monitor,
and general purpose color sensor.
The proximity function is targeted specifically towards
battery-powered mobile devices, LCD monitor, laptop, and
flat-panel television applications. In cell phones, the proximity
detection can detect when the user positions the phone close
to their ear. The device is fast enough to provide proximity
information at a high repetition rate needed when answering
a phone call. It can also detect both close and far distances so
the application can implement more complex algorithms to
provide a more robust interface. In laptop or monitor
applications, the product is sensitive enough to determine
whether a user is in front of the laptop using the keyboard or
away from the desk. This provides both improved green power
saving capability and the added security to lock the computer
when the user is not present.
Ordering Information and Content Guide appear at end of
datasheet.
General Description
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TCS3771 − General Description
Key Benefits & Features
The benefits and features of the TCS3771 are listed below:
Figure 1:
Added Value of using TCS3771
Applications
The applications of TCS3771 include:
•RGB LED Backlight Control
•Ambient Color Temperature Sensing
•Cell Phone Touch Screen Disable
•Notebook/Monitor Security
•Automatic Menu Popup
Benefits Features
•Single Device reduces board space •RGB Color Sensing and Proximity Detection in a Single Device
•Enables both Correlated Color
Temperature and Ambient Light
Sensing across wide range of lighting
condition applications
•Color Light Sensing
• Programmable Analog Gain, Integration Time, and
Interrupt Function with Upper and Lower Thresholds
• Resolution Up to 16 bits
• Very High Sensitivity - Ideally Suited for Operation Behind
Dark Glass
• Up to 1,000,000:1 Dynamic Range
•Enables versatile Infra-red proximity
based object detection
•Proximity Detection
• Programmable Number of IR Pulses, Current Sink for the IR
LED - No Limiting Resistor Needed, and Interrupt Function
with Upper and Lower Thresholds
• Covers a 2000:1 Dynamic Range
•Low power wait state
programmability reduces average
power consumption
•Low Power Wait State
•65µA Typical Current
• Wait Timer is Programmable from 2.4ms to > 7 seconds
•Digital interfaces are less susceptible
to noise
•I2C Interface Compatible
•Up to 400kHz (I
2C Fast Mode)
•Reduces micro-processor Interrupt
Overhead with both up persist and
no-persist interrupt thresholds
•Dedicated Interrupt Pin
•Enables drop-in and foot-print
compatible solutions
•Pin and Register Set Compatible with the TCS3x7x Family of
Devices
•Reduces board space requirements
while simplifying designs •Small 2mm × 2.4mm Dual Flat No-Lead Package
•Low power sleep state reduces
average power consumption •Sleep Mode - 2.5A Typical Current
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TCS3771 − General Description
•Industrial Process Control
•Medical Diagnostics
End Products and Market Segments
•HDTVs, Mobile Handsets, Tablets, Laptops, Monitors,
PMP (Portable Media Payers)
•Medical and Commercial Instrumentation
•Consumer Toys
•Industrial/Commercial Lighting
Block Diagram
The functional blocks of this device for reference are
shown below:
Figure 2:
TCS3771 Block Diagram
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TCS3771 − Detailed Description
The TCS3771 light-to-digital device contains a 4 × 4 photodiode
array, integrating amplifiers, ADCs, accumulators, clocks,
buffers, comparators, a state machine, and an I2C interface. The
4 × 4 photodiode array is composed of red-filtered,
green-filtered, blue-filtered, and clear photodiodes - four of
each type. Four integrating ADCs simultaneously convert the
amplified photodiode currents to a digital value providing up
to 16 bits of resolution. Upon completion of the conversion
cycle, the conversion result is transferred to the data registers.
The transfers are double-buffered to ensure that the integrity
of the data is maintained. Communication to the device is
accomplished through a fast (up to 400kHz), two-wire I2C serial
bus for easy connection to a microcontroller or embedded
controller.
The TCS3771 provides a separate pin for level-style interrupts.
When interrupts are enabled and a preset value is exceeded,
the interrupt pin is asserted and remains asserted until cleared
by the controlling firmware. The interrupt feature simplifies and
improves system efficiency by eliminating the need to poll a
sensor for a light intensity or proximity value. An interrupt is
generated when the value of an RGBC or proximity conversion
exceeds either an upper or lower threshold. In addition, a
programmable interrupt persistence feature allows the user to
determine how many consecutive exceeded thresholds are
necessary to trigger an interrupt. Interrupt thresholds and
persistence settings are configured independently for both
RGBC and proximity.
Proximity detection requires only a single external IR LED. An
internal LED driver can be configured to provide a constant
current sink of 12.5mA, 25mA, 50mA or 100mA of current. No
external current limiting resistor is required. The number of
proximity LED pulses can be programmed from 1 to 255 pulses.
Each pulse has a 14s period. This LED current coupled with the
programmable number of pulses provides a 2000:1 contiguous
dynamic range.
Detailed Description
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TCS3771 − Pin Assignments
The TCS3771 pin assignments are described below:
Figure 3:
Pin Diagram of Package FN Dual Flat No-Lead (Top View)
Figure 4:
Terminal Functions
Package drawing not to scale.
Terminal
Type Description
Name No
VDD 1 Supply voltage
SCL 2 I I2C serial clock input terminal - clock signal for I2C serial data
GND 3 Power supply ground. All voltages are referenced to GND.
LDR 4 O LED driver for proximity emitter - up to 100mA, open drain
INT 5 O Interrupt - open drain (active low)
SDA 6 I/O I2C serial data I/O terminal - serial data I/O for I2C
Pin Assignments
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TCS3771 − Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum
Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are
stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated under
Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure
to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods
may affect device reliability.
Figure 5:
Absolute Maximum Ratings over Operating Free-Air Temperature Range (unless otherwise noted)
Note(s):
1. All voltages are with respect to GND.
Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit
VDD Supply voltage (1) 3.8 V
VODigital output voltage range -0.5 3.8 V
IODigital output current -1 20 mA
Tstg Storage temperature range -40 85 °C
ESD tolerance, human body model 2000 V
Absolute Maximum Ratings
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TCS3771 − Electrical Characteristics
All limits are guaranteed. The parameters with min and max
values are guaranteed with production tests or
SQC (Statistical Quality Control) methods.
Figure 6:
Recommended Operating Conditions
Figure 7:
Operating Characteristics, VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)
Symbol Parameter Min Nom Max Unit
VDD Supply voltage 2.7 3 3.3 V
TAOperating free-air temperature -30 70 °C
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
IDD Supply current
Active - LDR pulses off 235 330
A
Wait mode 65
Sleep mode - no I2C activity 2.5 10
VOL INT, SDA output low
voltage
3mA sink current 0 0.4
V
6mA sink current 0 0.6
ILEAK Leakage current,
SDA, SCL, INT pins -5 5 A
ILEAK Leakage current, LDR
pin -10 +10 A
VIH SCL, SDA input high
voltage
TCS37715 0.7 VDD
V
TCS37717 1.25
VIL SCL, SDA input low
voltage
TCS37715 0.3VDD
V
TCS37717 0.54
Electrical Characteristics
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TCS3771 − Electrical Characteristics
Figure 8:
Optical Characteristics, VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C, Gain = 16, ATIME = 0xF6 (unless otherwise noted) (1)
Note(s):
1. The percentage shown represents the ratio of the respective red, green, or blue channel value to the clear channel value.
2. The 465nm input irradiance is supplied by an InGaN light-emitting diode with the following characteristics:
dominant wavelength λD = 465nm, spectral halfwidth λ½ = 22nm, and luminous efficacy = 75lm/W.
3. The 525nm input irradiance is supplied by an InGaN light-emitting diode with the following characteristics:
dominant wavelength λD = 525nm, spectral halfwidth λ½ = 35nm, and luminous efficacy = 520lm/W.
4. The 625nm input irradiance is supplied by a AlInGaP light-emitting diode with the following characteristics:
dominant wavelength λD = 625nm, spectral halfwidth λ½ = 9nm, and luminous efficacy = 155lm/W.
Parameter Test
Conditions
Red Channel Green Channel Blue Channel Clear Channel
Unit
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
ReIrradiance
responsivity
λD = 465nm, (2) 0% 15% 10% 42% 65% 88% 19.2 24 28.8
Counts/
(W/cm2
)
λD = 525nm, (3) 6% 25% 60% 85% 9% 35% 22.4 28 33.6
λD = 625nm, (4) 85% 110% 0% 15% 5% 25% 27.2 34 40.8
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TCS3771 − Electrical Characteristics
Figure 9:
RGBC Characteristics, VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C, AGAIN = 16, AEN = 1 (unless otherwise noted)
Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Dark ADC count
value Ee = 0, AGAIN = 60×, ATIME = 0xD6 (100ms) 0 1 5 Counts
ADC integration time
step size ATIME = 0xFF 2.27 2.4 2.56 ms
ADC number of
integration steps 1256Steps
ADC counts per step 0 1024 Counts
ADC count value ATIME = 0xC0 (153.6ms) 0 65535 Counts
Gain scaling, relative
to 1× gain setting
4× 3.8 4 4.2
%16× 15 16 16.8
60× 58 60 63
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TCS3771 − Electrical Characteristics
Figure 10:
Proximity Characteristics, VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C, Gain = 16, PEN = 1 (unless otherwise noted)
Note(s):
1. The specified light intensity is 100% modulated by the pulse output of the device so that during the pulse output low time, the light
intensity is at the specified level, and 0 otherwise.
2. Proximity Operating Distance is dependent upon emitter properties and the reflective properties of the proximity surface. The
nominal value shown uses an IR emitter with a peak wavelength of 850nm and a 20° half angle. The proximity surface used is a 90%
reflective (white surface) 16 × 20-inch Kodak Gray Card. 60mw/SR, 100mA, 64 pulses, open view (no glass). Greater distances are
achievable with appropriate system considerations.
Figure 11:
Wait Characteristics, VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C, Gain = 16, WEN = 1 (unless otherwise noted)
Parameter Test Conditions Condition Min Typ Max Unit
IDD Supply current LDR pulse on 3 mA
ADC conversion time
step size PTIME = 0xFF 2.27 2.4 2.56 ms
ADC number of
integration steps 1256Steps
ADC counts per step 0 1023 Counts
IR LED pulse count 0 255 Pulses
LED pulse period Two or more pulses 14 s
LED pulse width - LED
on time 6.3 s
LED drive current ISINK sink current @
600mV, LDR pin
PDRIVE = 0 80 106 132
mA
PDRIVE = 1 50
PDRIVE = 2 25
PDRIVE = 3 12.5
Dark count value Ee = 0, PTIME = 0xFB, PPULSE = 2 900 Counts
Red channel λP = 850nm, Ee = 45.3W/cm2,
PTIME = 0xFB, PPULSE = 2 (1) 1000 3000 Counts
Clear channel λP = 850nm, Ee = 45.3W/cm2,
PTIME = 0xFB, PPULSE = 2 (1) 1000 3000 Counts
Operating distance (2) 30 Inches
Parameter Test Conditions Channel Min Typ Max Unit
Wait step size WTIME = 0xFF 2.27 2.4 2.56 ms
Wait number of steps 1 256 Steps
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TCS3771 − Electrical Characteristics
Figure 12:
AC Electrical Characteristics, VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)
Note(s):
1. Specified by design and characterization; not production tested.
Symbol Parameter (1) Test
Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
f(SCL) Clock frequency (I2C only) 0400kHz
t(BUF) Bus free time between start and stop
condition 1.3 s
t(HDSTA)
Hold time after (repeated) start
condition. After this period, the first
clock is generated.
0.6 s
t(SUSTA) Repeated start condition setup time 0.6 s
t(SUSTO) Stop condition setup time 0.6 s
t(HDDAT) Data hold time 0 s
t(SUDAT) Data setup time 100 ns
t(LOW) SCL clock low period 1.3 s
t(HIGH) SCL clock high period 0.6 s
tFClock/data fall time 300 ns
tRClock/data rise time 300 ns
CiInput pin capacitance 10 pF
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
System State Machine
The TCS3771 provides control of RGBC, proximity detection,
and power management functionality through an internal state
machine (Figure 19). After a power-on-reset, the device is in the
sleep mode. As soon as the PON bit is set, the device will move
to the start state. It will then continue through the Prox, Wait,
and RGBC states. If these states are enabled, the device will
execute each function. If the PON bit is set to 0, the state
machine will continue until all conversions are completed and
then go into a low power sleep mode.
Figure 19:
Simplified State Diagram
Note(s): In this document, the nomenclature uses the bit field
name in italics followed by the register number and bit number
to allow the user to easily identify the register and bit that
controls the function. For example, the power on (PON) is in
register 0, bit 0. This is represented as PON (r0:b0).
Principles of Operation
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
RGBC Operation
The RGBC engine contains RGBC gain control (AGAIN) and four
integrating analog-to-digital converters (ADC) for the RGBC
photodiodes. The RGBC integration time (ATIME) impacts both
the resolution and the sensitivity of the RGBC reading.
Integration of all four channels occurs simultaneously and upon
completion of the conversion cycle, the results are transferred
to the color data registers. This data is also referred to as channel
count. The transfers are double-buffered to ensure that invalid
data is not read during the transfer. After the transfer, the device
automatically moves to the next state in accordance with the
configured state machine.
Figure 20:
RGBC Operation
The registers for programming the integration and wait times
are a 2’s compliment values. The actual time can be calculated
as follows:
ATIME = 256 - Integration Time / 2.4ms
Inversely, the time can be calculated from the register value as
follows:
Integration Time = 2.4ms × (256 - ATIME)
For example, if a 100-ms integration time is needed, the device
needs to be programmed to:
256 - (100 / 2.4) = 256 - 42 = 214 = 0xD6
Conversely, the programmed value of 0xC0 would correspond
to:
(256 - 0xC0) × 2.4 = 64 × 2.4 = 154ms
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Proximity Detection
Proximity sensing uses an external light source (generally an
infrared emitter) to emit light, which is then viewed by the
integrated light detector to measure the amount of reflected
light when an object is in the light path (Figure 21). The amount
of light detected from a reflected surface can then be used to
determine an object’s proximity to the sensor.
Figure 21:
Proximity Detection
The TCS3771 has controls for the number of IR pulses
(PPCOUNT), the integration time (PTIME), the LED drive current
(PDRIVE) and the photodiode configuration (PDIODE). The
photodiode configuration can be set to red diode
(recommended), clear diode, or a combination of both diodes.
At the end of the integration cycle, the results are latched into
the proximity data (PDATA) register.
Figure 22:
Proximity Detection Operation
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
The LED drive current is controlled by a regulated current sink
on the LDR pin. This feature eliminates the need to use a current
limiting resistor to control LED current. The LED drive current
can be configured for 12.5mA, 25mA, 50mA, or 100mA. For
higher LED drive requirements, an external P-FET transistor can
be used to control the LED current.
The number of LED pulses can be programmed to any value
between 1 and 255 pulses as needed. Increasing the number of
LED pulses at a given current will increase the sensor sensitivity.
Sensitivity grows by the square root of the number of pulses.
Each pulse has a 14s period.
Figure 23:
Proximity IR LED Waveform
The proximity integration time (PTIME) is the period of time that
the internal ADC converts the analog signal to a digital count.
It is recommend that this be set to a minimum of PTIME = 0xFF
or 2.4ms.
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
The combination of LED power and number of pulses can be
used to control the distance at which the sensor can detect
proximity. Figure 24 shows an example of the distances covered
with settings such that each curve covers 2× the distance.
Counts up to 64 pulses provide a 16× range.
Figure 24:
Proximity ADC Count vs. Relative Distance
Interrupts
The interrupt feature simplifies and improves system efficiency
by eliminating the need to poll the sensor for light intensity or
proximity values outside of a user-defined range. While the
interrupt function is always enabled and it’s status is available
in the status register (0x13), the output of the interrupt state
can be enabled using the proximity interrupt enable (PIEN) or
RGBC interrupt enable (AIEN) fields in the Enable Register
(0x00).
Four 16-bit interrupt threshold registers allow the user to set
limits below and above a desired light level and proximity
range. An interrupt can be generated when the RGBC Clear data
(CDATA) falls outside of the desired light level range, as
determined by the values in the RGBC interrupt low threshold
registers (AILTx) and RGBC interrupt high threshold registers
(AIHTx). Likewise, an out-of-range proximity interrupt can be
generated when the proximity data (PDATA) falls below the
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
proximity interrupt low threshold (PILTx) or exceeds the
proximity interrupt high threshold (PIHTx). It is important to
note that the low threshold value must be less than the high
threshold value for proper operation.
To further control when an interrupt occurs, the device provides
a persistence filter. The persistence filter allows the user to
specify the number of consecutive out-of-range RGBC or
proximity occurrences before an interrupt is generated. The
persistence register (0x0C) allows the user to set the RGBC
persistence (APERS) and the proximity persistence (PPERS)
values. See the persistence register for details on the
persistence filter values. Once the persistence filter generates
an interrupt, it will continue until a special function interrupt
clear command is received (see Command Register).
Figure 25:
Programmable Interrupt
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
State Diagram
Figure 26 shows a more detailed flow for the state machine. The
device starts in the sleep mode. The PON bit is written to enable
the device. A 2.4ms delay will occur before entering the start
state. If the PEN bit is set, the state machine will step through
the proximity states of proximity accumulate and then
proximity ADC conversion. As soon as the conversion is
complete, the state machine will move to the following state.
If the WEN bit is set, the state machine will then cycle through
the wait state. If the WLONG bit is set, the wait cycles are
extended by 12× over normal operation. When the wait counter
terminates, the state machine will step to the RGBC state.
The AEN should always be set, even in proximity-only operation.
In this case, a minimum of 1 integration time step should be
programmed. The RGBC state machine will continue until it
reaches the terminal count at which point the data will be
latched in the RGBC register and the interrupt set, if enabled.
Figure 26:
Expanded State Diagram
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
I2C Protocol
Interface and control are accomplished through an I2C serial
compatible interface (standard or fast mode) to a set of registers
that provide access to device control functions and output data.
The devices support the 7-bit I2C addressing protocol.
The I2C standard provides for three types of bus transaction:
read, write, and a combined protocol (Figure 27). During a write
operation, the first byte written is a command byte followed by
data. In a combined protocol, the first byte written is the
command byte followed by reading a series of bytes. If a read
command is issued, the register address from the previous
command will be used for data access. Likewise, if the MSB of
the command is not set, the device will write a series of bytes
at the address stored in the last valid command with a register
address. The command byte contains either control information
or a 5-bit register address. The control commands can also be
used to clear interrupts.
The I2C bus protocol was developed by Philips (now NXP). For
a complete description of the I2C protocol, please review the
NXP I2C design specification at
http://www.i2c-bus.org/references.
Figure 27:
I2C Protocols
…Continuation of protocol
WWrite (0)
Sr Repeated Start Condition
SStart Condition
NNot Acknowledged (1)
AAcknowledge (0)
Master-to-Slave
Slave-to-Master
RRead (1)
PStop Condition
SSlave Address W A Command Code R A
111 1178
I2C Read Protocol - Combined Format
A
1
Slave Address
7
Sr
1
A
1
Data
8
AData P
1
...
SSlave Address R A Data A P
111 1178
I2C Read Protocol
...
A
1
Data
8
WS Slave Address ACommand Code A P
111 1178
I2C Write Protocol
...
A
1
Data Byte
8
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Register Set
The TCS3771 is controlled and monitored by data registers and
a command register accessed through the serial interface.
These registers provide for a variety of control functions and
can be read to determine results of the ADC conversions. The
Register Set is summarized in Figure 28.
Figure 28:
Register Address
Address Register Name R/W Register Function Reset Value
-- COMMAND W Specifies register address 0x00
0x00 ENABLE R/W Enables states and interrupts 0x00
0x01 ATIME R/W RGBC ADC time 0xFF
0x02 PTIME R/W Proximity ADC time 0xFF
0x03 WTIME R/W Wait time 0xFF
0x04 AILTL R/W RGBC interrupt low threshold low byte 0x00
0x05 AILTH R/W RGBC interrupt low threshold high byte 0x00
0x06 AIHTL R/W RGBC interrupt high threshold low byte 0x00
0x07 AIHTH R/W RGBC interrupt high threshold high byte 0x00
0x08 PILTL R/W Proximity interrupt low threshold low byte 0x00
0x09 PILTH R/W Proximity interrupt low threshold high byte 0x00
0x0A PIHTL R/W Proximity interrupt high threshold low byte 0x00
0x0B PIHTH R/W Proximity interrupt high threshold high byte 0x00
0x0C PERS R/W Interrupt persistence filters 0x00
0x0D CONFIG R/W Configuration 0x00
0x0E PPCOUNT R/W Proximity pulse count 0x00
0x0F CONTROL R/W Gain control register 0x00
0x12 ID R Device ID ID
0x13 STATUS R Device status 0x00
0x14 CDATA R Clear ADC low data register 0x00
0x15 CDATAH R Clear ADC high data register 0x00
0x16 RDATA R Red ADC low data register 0x00
0x17 RDATAH R Red ADC high data register 0x00
0x18 GDATA R Green ADC low data register 0x00
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
The mechanics of accessing a specific register depends on the
specific protocol used (See I2C Protocol).In general, the
Command register is written first to specify the specific
control/status register for following read/write operations.
0x19 GDATAH R Green ADC high data register 0x00
0x1A BDATA R Blue ADC low data register 0x00
0x1B BDATAH R Blue ADC high data register 0x00
0x1C PDATA R Proximity ADC low data register 0x00
0x1D PDATAH R Proximity ADC high data register 0x00
Address Register Name R/W Register Function Reset Value
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Command Register
The Command Registers specifies the address of the target
register for future write and read operations.
Figure 29:
Command Register
76543210
COMMAND TYPE ADD
Field Bits Description
COMMAND 7 Select Command Register. Must write as 1 when addressing Command Register.
TYPE 6:5
Selects type of transaction to follow in subsequent data transfers:
Field Value Integration Time
00 Repeated byte protocol transaction
01 Auto-increment protocol transaction
10 Reserved - Do not use
11 Special function - See description below
Byte protocol will repeatedly read the same register with each data access. Block
protocol will provide auto-increment function to read successive bytes.
ADD 4:0
Address field/special function field. Depending on the transaction type, see above,
this field either specifies a special function command or selects the specific
control-status-register for following write and read transactions. The field values
listed below apply only to special function commands:
Field Value Read Value
00000 Normal - no action
00101 Proximity interrupt clear
00110 RGBC interrupt clear
00111 Proximity and RGBC interrupt clear
other Reserved — Do not write
RGBC/Proximity Interrupt Clear. Clears any pending RGBC/Proximity interrupt. This
special function is self clearing.
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Enable Register (0x00)
The Enable Register is used primarily to power the TCS3771
device on and off, and enable functions and interrupts as shown
in Figure 30.
Figure 30:
Enable Register
Note(s):
1. A minimum interval of 2.4ms must pass after PON is asserted before either a proximity or an RGBC can be initiated. This required
time is enforced by the hardware in cases where the firmware does not provide it.
76543210
Reserved PIEN AIEN WEN PEN AEN PON
Field Bits Description
Reserved 7:6 Reserved. Write as 0.
PIEN 5 Proximity interrupt enable. When asserted, permits proximity interrupts to be
generated.
AIEN 4 RGBC interrupt enable. When asserted, permits RGBC interrupts to be generated.
WEN 3 Wait enable. This bit activates the wait feature. Writing a 1 activates the wait timer.
Writing a 0 disables the wait timer.
PEN 2 Proximity enable. This bit activates the proximity function. Writing a 1 enables
proximity. Writing a 0 disables proximity.
AEN 1 RGBC enable. This bit actives the two-channel ADC. Writing a 1 activates the RGBC.
Writing a 0 disables the RGBC.
PON (1) 0
Power ON. This bit activates the internal oscillator to permit the timers and ADC
channels to operate. Writing a 1 activates the oscillator. Writing a 0 disables the
oscillator. During reads and writes over the I2C interface, this bit is temporarily
overridden and the oscillator is enabled, independent of the state of PON.
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
RGBC Timing Register (0x01)
The RGBC Timing Register controls the internal integration time
of the RGBC clear and IR channel ADCs in 2.4ms increments.
Figure 31:
RGBC Timing Register
Proximity Time Control Register (0x02)
The Proximity Timing Register controls the integration time of
the proximity ADC in 2.4ms increments. It is recommended that
this register be programmed to a value of 0xFF
(1 cycle, 1023 bits).
Max Prox Count = ((256 - PTIME) × 1024)) - 1 up to a maximum
of 65535
Figure 32:
Proximity Time Control Register
Field Bits Description
ATIME 7:0
Value INTEG_CYCLES Time Max Count
0xFF 1 2.4ms 1024
0xF6 10 24ms 10240
0xD6 42 101ms 43008
0xAD 64 154ms 65535
0x00 256 614ms 65535
Field Bits Description
PTIME 7:0
Value INTEG_CYCLES Time Max Count
0xFF 1 2.4ms 1023
ams Datasheet Page 29
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Wait Time Register (0x03)
Wait time is set 2.4ms increments unless the WLONG bit is
asserted in which case the wait times are 12× longer. WTIME is
programmed as a 2’s complement number.
Figure 33:
Wait Time Register
RGBC Interrupt Threshold Registers
(0x04 − 0x07)
The RGBC Interrupt Threshold Registers provides the values to
be used as the high and low trigger points for the comparison
function for interrupt generation. If the value generated by the
clear channel crosses below the lower threshold specified, or
above the higher threshold, an interrupt is asserted on the
interrupt pin.
Figure 34:
RGBC Interrupt Threshold Registers
Field Bits Description
WTIME 7:0
Register Value Wait Time Time
(WLONG = 0)
Time
(WLONG = 1)
0xFF 1 2.4ms 0.029 sec
0xAB 85 204ms 2.45 sec
0x00 256 614ms 7.4 sec
Register Address Bits Description
AILTL 0x04 7:0 RGBC clear channel low threshold lower byte
AILTH 0x05 7:0 RGBC clear channel low threshold upper byte
AIHTL 0x06 7:0 RGBC clear channel high threshold lower byte
AIHTH 0x07 7:0 RGBC clear channel high threshold upper byte
Page 30 ams Datasheet
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Proximity Interrupt Threshold Registers
(0x08 − 0x0B)
The Proximity Interrupt Threshold Registers provide the values
to be used as the high and low trigger points for the comparison
function for interrupt generation. If the value generated by
proximity channel crosses below the lower threshold specified,
or above the higher threshold, an interrupt is signaled to the
host processor.
Figure 35:
Proximity Interrupt Threshold Register
Register Address Bits Description
PILTL 0x08 7:0 Proximity ADC channel low threshold lower byte
PILTH 0x09 7:0 Proximity ADC channel low threshold upper byte
PIHTL 0x0A 7:0 Proximity ADC channel high threshold lower byte
PIHTH 0x0B 7:0 Proximity ADC channel high threshold upper byte
ams Datasheet Page 31
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Persistence Register (0x0C)
The Persistence Register controls the filtering interrupt
capabilities of the device. Configurable filtering is provided to
allow interrupts to be generated after each integration cycle or
if the integration has produced a result that is outside of the
values specified by the threshold register for some specified
amount of time. Separate filtering is provided for proximity and
the RGBC clear channel.
Figure 36:
Persistence Register
76543210
PPERS APERS
Field Bits Description
PPERS 7:4
Proximity interrupt persistence. Controls rate of proximity interrupt to the host
processor.
Field Value Meaning Interrupt Persistence Function
0000 ---- Every proximity cycle generates an interrupt
0001 1 1 proximity value out of range
0010 2 2 consecutive proximity values out of range
.... .... ....
1111 15 15 consecutive proximity values out of range
Page 32 ams Datasheet
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
APERS 3:0
Interrupt persistence. Controls rate of interrupt to the host processor.
Field Value Meaning Interrupt Persistence Function
0000 Every Every RGBC cycle generates an interrupt
0001 1 1 clear channel value outside of threshold range
0010 2 2 clear channel consecutive values out of range
0011 3 3 clear channel consecutive values out of range
0100 5 5 clear channel consecutive values out of range
0101 10 10 clear channel consecutive values out of range
0110 15 15 clear channel consecutive values out of range
0111 20 20 clear channel consecutive values out of range
1000 25 25 clear channel consecutive values out of range
1001 30 30 clear channel consecutive values out of range
1010 35 35 clear channel consecutive values out of range
1011 40 40 clear channel consecutive values out of range
1100 45 45 clear channel consecutive values out of range
1101 50 50 clear channel consecutive values out of range
1110 55 55 clear channel consecutive values out of range
1111 60 60 clear channel consecutive values out of range
Field Bits Description
ams Datasheet Page 33
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Configuration Register (0x0D)
The Configuration Register sets the wait long time.
Figure 37:
Configuration Register
Proximity Pulse Count Register (0x0E)
The Proximity Pulse Count Register sets the number of
proximity pulses that will be transmitted. When proximity
detection is enabled, a proximity detect cycle occurs after each
RGBC cycle. PPULSE defines the number of pulses to be
transmitted.
Note(s): The ATIME register will be used to time the interval
between proximity detection events even if the RGBC function
is disabled.
Figure 38:
Proximity Pulse Count Register
76543210
Reserved WLONG Reserved
Field Bits Description
Reserved 7:2 Reserved. Write as 0.
WLONG 1 Wait Long. When asserted, the wait cycles are increased by a factor 12× from that
programmed in the WTIME register.
Reserved 0 Reserved. Write as 0.
76543210
PPULSE
Field Bits Description
PPULSE 7:0 Proximity Pulse Count. Specifies the number of proximity pulses to be generated.
Page 34 ams Datasheet
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
Control Register (0x0F)
The Control Register provides eight bits of miscellaneous
control to the analog block. These bits typically control
functions such as gain settings and/or diode selection.
Figure 39:
Control Register
76543210
PDRIVE PDIODE Reserved AGAIN
Field Bits Description
PDRIVE 7:6
LED Drive Strength.
Field Value LED Strength
00 100mA
01 50mA
10 25mA
11 12.5mA
PDIODE 5:4
Proximity Diode Select.
Field Value Diode Selection
00 Reserved
01 Proximity uses the clear (broadband) diode
10 Proximity uses the IR diode
11 Proximity uses both the clear diode and the red diode
Reserved 3:2 Reserved. Write bits as 0.
AGAIN 1:0
RGBC Gain Control.
Field Value RGBC Gain Value
00 1× gain
01 4× gain
10 16× gain
11 60× gain
ams Datasheet Page 35
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
ID Register (0x12)
The ID Register provides the value for the part number. The ID
Register is a read-only register.
Figure 40:
ID Register
Status Register (0x13)
The Status Register provides the internal status of the device.
This register is read only.
Figure 41:
Status Register
76543210
ID
Field Bits Description
ID 7:0 Part number identification
0x10 = TCS37715
0x19 = TCS37717
76543210
Reserved PINT AINT Reserved PVALID AVALID
Field Bits Description
Reserved 7:6 Reserved
PINT 5 Proximity Interrupt
AINT 4 RGBC clear channel Interrupt
Reserved 3:2 Reserved
PVALID 1 Proximity Valid. Indicates that a RGBC cycle has completed since AEN was asserted.
AVALID 0 RGBC Valid. Indicates that the RGBC channels have completed an integration cycle.
Page 36 ams Datasheet
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TCS3771 − Principles of Operation
RGBC Channel Data Registers (0x14 − 0x1B)
Clear, red, green, and blue data is stored as 16-bit values. To
ensure the data is read correctly, a two-byte read I2C transaction
should be used with a read word protocol bit set in the
Command Register. With this operation, when the lower byte
register is read, the upper eight bits are stored into a shadow
register, which is read by a subsequent read to the upper byte.
The upper register will read the correct value even if additional
ADC integration cycles end between the reading of the lower
and upper registers.
Figure 42:
ADC Channel Data Registers
Proximity Data Registers (0x1C − 0x1D)
Proximity data is stored as a 16-bit value. To ensure the data is
read correctly, a two-byte read I2C transaction should be used
with a read word protocol bit set in the Command Register. With
this operation, when the lower byte register is read, the upper
eight bits are stored into a shadow register, which is read by a
subsequent read to the upper byte. The upper register will read
the correct value even if additional ADC integration cycles end
between the reading of the lower and upper registers.
Figure 43:
PDATA Registers
Register Address Bits Description
CDATA 0x14 7:0 Clear data low byte
CDATAH 0x15 7:0 Clear data high byte
RDATA 0x16 7:0 Red data low byte
RDATAH 0x17 7:0 Red data high byte
GDATA 0x18 7:0 Green data low byte
GDATAH 0x19 7:0 Green data high byte
BDATA 0x1A 7:0 Blue data low byte
BDATAH 0x1B 7:0 Blue data high byte
Register Address Bits Description
PDATA 0x1C 7:0 Proximity data low byte
PDATAH 0x1D 7:0 Proximity data high byte
ams Datasheet Page 37
[v1-31] 2018-Apr-04 Document Feedback
TCS3771 − Application Information
LED Driver Pin with Proximity Detection
In a proximity sensing system, the IR LED can be pulsed by the
TCS3771 with more than 100mA of rapidly switching current,
therefore, a few design considerations must be kept in mind to
get the best performance. The key goal is to reduce the power
supply noise coupled back into the device during the LED
pulses.
The first recommendation is to use two power supplies; one for
the device VDD and the other for the IR LED. In many systems,
there is a quiet analog supply and a noisy digital supply. By
connecting the quiet supply to the VDD pin and the noisy supply
to the LED, the key goal can be meet. Place a 1F low-ESR
decoupling capacitor as close as possible to the VDD pin and
another at the LED anode, and a 22F capacitor at the output
of the LED voltage regulator to supply the 100mA current surge.
Figure 44:
Proximity Sensing Using Separate Power Supplies
If it is not possible to provide two separate power supplies, the
device can be operated from a single supply. A 22 resistor in
series with the VDD supply line and a 1F low ESR capacitor
effectively filter any power supply noise. The previous capacitor
placement considerations apply.
Figure 45:
Proximity Sensing Using Single Power Supply
Application Information
Page 38 ams Datasheet
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TCS3771 − Application Information
VBUS in the above figures refers to the I2C bus voltage which is
either VDD or 1.8V. Be sure to apply the specified I2C bus voltage
shown in the Available Options table for the specific device
being used.
The I2C signals and the Interrupt are open-drain outputs and
require pull−up resistors. The pull-up resistor (RP) value is a
function of the I2C bus speed, the I2C bus voltage, and the
capacitive load. The ams EVM running at 400kbps, uses 1.5k
resistors. A 10k pull-up resistor (RPI) can be used for the
interrupt line.
PCB Pad Layout
Suggested PCB pad layout guidelines for the Dual Flat
No-Lead (FN) surface mount package are shown in Figure 46.
Figure 46:
Suggested FN Package PCB Layout
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
2. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
3. Pads can be extended further if hand soldering is needed.
ams Datasheet Page 39
[v1-31] 2018-Apr-04 Document Feedback
TCS3771 − Packaging Mechanical Data
Figure 47:
Package FN - Dual Flat No-Lead Packaging Configuration
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in micrometers.
2. The die is centered within the package within a tolerance of ±75m.
3. Package top surface is molded with an electrically nonconductive clear plastic compound having an index of refraction of 1.55.
4. Contact finish is copper alloy A194 with pre-plated NiPdAu lead finish.
5. This package contains no lead (Pb).
6. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Packaging Mechanical Data
Green
RoHS
Page 40 ams Datasheet
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TCS3771 − Packaging Mechanical Data
Figure 48:
Package FN Carrier Tape
Note(s):
1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Dimension tolerance is ±0.10mm unless otherwise noted.
2. The dimensions on this drawing are for illustrative purposes only. Dimensions of an actual carrier may vary slightly.
3. Symbols on drawing Ao, Bo, and Ko are defined in ANSI EIA Standard 481-B 2001.
4. Each reel is 178 millimeters in diameter and contains 3500 parts.
5. ams AG packaging tape and reel conform to the requirements of EIA Standard 481-B.
6. In accordance with EIA standard, device pin 1 is located next to the sprocket holes in the tape.
7. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
ams Datasheet Page 41
[v1-31] 2018-Apr-04 Document Feedback
TCS3771 − Manufacturing Information
The FN package has been tested and has demonstrated an
ability to be reflow soldered to a PCB substrate.
The solder reflow profile describes the expected maximum heat
exposure of components during the solder reflow process of
product on a PCB. Temperature is measured on top of
component. The components should be limited to a maximum
of three passes through this solder reflow profile.
Figure 49:
TCS3771 Solder Reflow Profile
Figure 50:
Solder Reflow Profile Graph
Note(s):
1. Not to scale - for reference only.
Parameter Reference TCS3771
Average temperature gradient in preheating 2.5°C/sec
Soak time tsoak 2 to 3 minutes
Time above 217°C (T1) t1Max 60 sec
Time above 230°C (T2) t2Max 50 sec
Time above Tpeak - 10°C (T3) t3Max 10 sec
Peak temperature in reflow Tpeak 260° C
Temperature gradient in cooling Max -5°C/sec
Manufacturing Information
Page 42 ams Datasheet
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TCS3771 − Manufacturing Information
Moisture Sensitivity
Optical characteristics of the device can be adversely affected
during the soldering process by the release and vaporization of
moisture that has been previously absorbed into the package.
To ensure the package contains the smallest amount of
absorbed moisture possible, each device is dry-baked prior to
being packed for shipping. Devices are packed in a sealed
aluminized envelope called a moisture barrier bag with silica
gel to protect them from ambient moisture during shipping,
handling, and storage before use.
The FN package has been assigned a moisture sensitivity level
of MSL 3 and the devices should be stored under the following
conditions:
•Temperature Range: 5°C to 50°C
•Relative Humidity: 60% maximum
•Total Time: 12 months from the date code on the
aluminized envelope - if unopened
•Opened Time: 168 hours or fewer
Rebaking will be required if the devices have been stored
unopened for more than 12 months or if the aluminized
envelope has been open for more than 168 hours. If rebaking
is required, it should be done at 50°C for 12 hours.
ams Datasheet Page 43
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TCS3771 − Ordering & Contact Information
Figure 51:
Ordering Information
Buy our products or get free samples online at:
www.ams.com/ICdirect
Technical Support is available at:
www.ams.com/Technical-Support
Provide feedback about this document at:
www.ams.com/Document-Feedback
For further information and requests, e-mail us at:
ams_sales@ams.com
For sales offices, distributors and representatives, please visit:
www.ams.com/contact
Headquarters
ams AG
Tobelbader Strasse 30
8141 Premstaetten
Austria, Europe
Tel: +43 (0) 3136 500 0
Website: www.ams.com
Ordering Code Device Address Package - Leads Interface Description
TCS37715FN TCS37715 0x29 FN-6 I2C Vbus = VDD Interface
TCS37717FN TCS37717 0x29 FN-6 I2C Vbus = 1.8V Interface
Ordering & Contact Information
Page 44 ams Datasheet
Document Feedback [v1-31] 2018-Apr-04
TCS3771 − RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement
RoHS: The term RoHS compliant means that ams AG products
fully comply with current RoHS directives. Our semiconductor
products do not contain any chemicals for all 6 substance
categories, including the requirement that lead not exceed
0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to
be soldered at high temperatures, RoHS compliant products are
suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
ams Green (RoHS compliant and no Sb/Br): ams Green
defines that in addition to RoHS compliance, our products are
free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants
(Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous
material).
Important Information: The information provided in this
statement represents ams AG knowledge and belief as of the
date that it is provided. ams AG bases its knowledge and belief
on information provided by third parties, and makes no
representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such
information. Efforts are underway to better integrate
information from third parties. ams AG has taken and continues
to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate
information but may not have conducted destructive testing or
chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. ams AG
and ams AG suppliers consider certain information to be
proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited
information may not be available for release.
RoHS Compliant & ams Green
Statement
ams Datasheet Page 45
[v1-31] 2018-Apr-04 Document Feedback
TCS3771 − Copyrights & Disclaimer
Copyright ams AG, Tobelbader Strasse 30, 8141 Premstaetten,
Austria-Europe. Trademarks Registered. All rights reserved. The
material herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged,
translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of
the copyright owner.
Devices sold by ams AG are covered by the warranty and patent
indemnification provisions appearing in its General Terms of
Trade. ams AG makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied,
or by description regarding the information set forth herein.
ams AG reserves the right to change specifications and prices
at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing
this product into a system, it is necessary to check with ams AG
for current information. This product is intended for use in
commercial applications. Applications requiring extended
temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or
high reliability applications, such as military, medical
life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not
recommended without additional processing by ams AG for
each application. This product is provided by ams AG “AS IS”
and any express or implied warranties, including, but not
limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
ams AG shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any
damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property
damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interruption of business or
indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, of any
kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing,
performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation
or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out
of ams AG rendering of technical or other services.
Copyrights & Disclaimer
Page 46 ams Datasheet
Document Feedback [v1-31] 2018-Apr-04
TCS3771 − Document Status
Document Status Product Status Definition
Product Preview Pre-Development
Information in this datasheet is based on product ideas in
the planning phase of development. All specifications are
design goals without any warranty and are subject to
change without notice
Preliminary Datasheet Pre-Production
Information in this datasheet is based on products in the
design, validation or qualification phase of development.
The performance and parameters shown in this document
are preliminary without any warranty and are subject to
change without notice
Datasheet Production
Information in this datasheet is based on products in
ramp-up to full production or full production which
conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of
ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of
Trade
Datasheet (discontinued) Discontinued
Information in this datasheet is based on products which
conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of
ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of
Trade, but these products have been superseded and
should not be used for new designs
Document Status
ams Datasheet Page 47
[v1-31] 2018-Apr-04 Document Feedback
TCS3771 − Revision Information
Note(s):
1. Page and figure numbers for the previous version may differ from page and figure numbers in the current revision.
2. Correction of typographical errors is not explicitly mentioned.
Changes from 1-30 (2014-Sep-01) to current revision 1-31 (2018-Apr-04) Page
Updated Figure 7 7
Updated Figure 40 35
Updated Figure 51 43
Revision Information
Page 48 ams Datasheet
Document Feedback [v1-31] 2018-Apr-04
TCS3771 − Content Guide
1 General Description
2 Key Benefits & Features
2 Applications
3 End Products and Market Segments
3 Block Diagram
4 Detailed Description
5 Pin Assignments
6Absolute Maximum Ratings
7 Electrical Characteristics
12 Parameter Measurement Information
13 Typical Characteristics
16 Principles of Operation
16 System State Machine
17 RGBC Operation
18 Proximity Detection
20 Interrupts
22 State Diagram
23 I2C Protocol
24 Register Set
26 Command Register
27 Enable Register (0x00)
28 RGBC Timing Register (0x01)
28 Proximity Time Control Register (0x02)
29 Wait Time Register (0x03)
29 RGBC Interrupt Threshold Registers (0x04 − 0x07)
30 Proximity Interrupt Threshold Registers (0x08 − 0x0B)
31 Persistence Register (0x0C)
33 Configuration Register (0x0D)
33 Proximity Pulse Count Register (0x0E)
34 Control Register (0x0F)
35 ID Register (0x12)
35 Status Register (0x13)
36 RGBC Channel Data Registers (0x14 − 0x1B)
36 Proximity Data Registers (0x1C − 0x1D)
37 Application Information
37 LED Driver Pin with Proximity Detection
38 PCB Pad Layout
39 Packaging Mechanical Data
41 Manufacturing Information
42 Moisture Sensitivity
43 Ordering & Contact Information
44 RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement
45 Copyrights & Disclaimer
46 Document Status
47 Revision Information
Content Guide
