1.0 Introduction
The DP8420A/21A/22A are CMOS Dynamic RAM control-
lers that incorporate many advanced features which include
address latches, refresh counter, refresh clock, row, column
and refresh address multiplexer, delay line, refresh/access
arbitration logic and high capacitive drivers. The program-
mable system interface allows any manufacturer’s micro-
processor or bus to directly interface via the
DP8420A/21A/22A to DRAM arrays up to 64 Mbytes in
size.
After power up, the user must first reset and program the
DP8420A/21A/22A before accessing the DRAM. The chip
is programmed through the address bus.
Reset:
Due to the differences in power supplies, the internal reset
circuit may not always reset correctly; therefore, an External
(hardware) Reset must be performed before programming
the chip.
Programming:
After resetting the chip, the user can program the controller
by either one of two methods: Mode Load Only Program-
ming or Chip Select Access Programming.
Initialization Period:
Once the DP8420A/21A/22A has been programmed for the
first time, a 60 ms initialization period is entered. During this
time the DRC performs refreshes to the DRAM array so
further warm up cycles are unnecessary. The initialization
period is entered only after the first programming after a
reset.
Accessing Modes:
After resetting and programming the chip, the
DP8420A/21A/22A is ready to access the DRAM. There
are two modes of accessing with these controllers. Mode 0,
which indicates RAS synchronously and Mode 1, which indi-
cates RAS asynchronously.
Refresh Modes:
The DP8420A/21A/22A have expanded refresh capabilities
compared to previous DRAM controllers. There are three
modes of refreshing available: Internal Automatic Refresh-
ing, Externally Controlled/Burst Refreshing and Refresh Re-
quest/Acknowledge Refreshing. Any of these modes can
be used together or separately to achieve the desired re-
sults.
Refresh Types:
These controllers have three types of refreshing available:
Conventional, Staggered and Error Scrubbing. Any refresh
control mode can be used with any type of refresh.
Wait Support:
The DP8420A/21A/22A have wait support available as
DTACK or WAIT. Both are programmable. DTACK, Data
Transfer ACKnowledge, is useful for processors whose wait
signal is active high. WAIT is useful for those processors
whose wait signal is active low. The user can choose either
at programming. These signals are used by the on chip arbi-
ter to insert wait states to guarantee the arbitration between
accesses, refreshes and precharge. Both signals are inde-
pendent of the access mode chosen and both signals can
be dynamically delayed further through the WAITIN signal to
the DP8420A/21A/22A.
Sequential Accesses (Static Column/Page Mode):
The DP8420A/21A/22A have address latches, used to
latch the bank, row and column address inputs. Once the
address is latched, a COLumn INCrement (COLINC) feature
can be used to increment the column address. The address
latches can also be programmed to be fall through. COLINC
can be used for Sequential Accesses of Static Column
DRAMs. Also, COLINC in conjunction with ECAS inputs can
be used for Sequential Accesses to Page Mode DRAMs.
RAS and CAS Configuration (Byte Writing):
The RAS and CAS drivers can be configured to drive a one,
two or four bank memory array up to 32 bits in width. The
ECAS signals can then be used to select one of four CAS
drivers for Byte Writing with no extra logic.
Memory Interleaving:
When configuring the DP820A/21A/22A for more than one
bank, Memory Interleaving can be used. By tying the low
order address bits to the bank select lines B0 and B1, se-
quential back to back accesses will not be delayed since
these controllers have separate precharge counters per
bank.
Address Pipelining:
The DP8420A/21A/22A are capable of performing Address
Pipelining. In address pipelining, the DRC will guarantee the
column address hold time and switch the internal multiple-
xor to place the row address on the address bus. At this
time, another memory access to another bank can be initiat-
ed.
Dual Accessing:
Finally, the DP8422A has all the features previously men-
tioned and unlike the DP8420A/21A, the DP8422A has a
second port to allow a second CPU to access the same
memory array. The DP8422A has four signals to support
Dual Accessing, these signals are AREQB, ATACKB, LOCK
and GRANTB. All arbitration for the two ports and refresh is
done on chip by the controller through the insertion of wait
states. Since the DP8422A has only one input address bus,
the address lines must be multiplexed externally. The signal
GRANTB can be used for this purpose.
Terminology:
The following explains the terminology used in this data
sheet. The terms negated and asserted are used. Asserted
refers to a ‘‘true’’ signal. Thus, ‘‘ECAS0 asserted’’ means
the ECAS0 input is at a logic 0. The term ‘‘COLINC assert-
ed’’ means the COLINC input is at a logic 1. The term negat-
ed refers to a ‘‘false’’ signal. Thus, ‘‘ECAS0 negated’’
means the ECAS0 input is at a logic 1. The term ‘‘COLINC
negated’’ means the input COLINC is at a logic 0. The table
shown below clarifies this terminology.
Signal Action Logic Level
Active High Asserted High
Active High Negated Low
Active Low Asserted Low
Active Low Negated High
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