QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output TM The QmaX Series of high current single output DC-DC converters from Power-One sets new standards for thermal performance and power density in the quarter brick package. TM The 40A QM48S converters of the QmaX Series provide thermal performance in high temperature environments that is comparable to or exceeds the industry's leading 40A half bricks. This is accomplished through the use of patent pending circuit, packaging and processing techniques to achieve ultra-high efficiency, excellent thermal management and a very low body profile. QM48S40 Converter Features The QM48S40 converters have a power density of up to 130 W/in3, more than twice that of competitors' 40A half bricks. Over 2 square inches of board space can be saved for every slot in which a 40A half brick is replaced with a QM48S40 converter from Power-One. * Low body profile and the preclusion of heat sinks minimize impedance to system airflow, thus enhancing cooling for downstream devices. The use of 100% automation for assembly, coupled with Power-One's advanced electric and thermal design, results in a product with extremely high reliability. * * * * * * * * * * * * * TM Operating from a 36-75 V input, the QmaX Series converters provide any standard output voltage from 3.3 V down to 1.0 V. Outputs can be trimmed from -20% to +10% of the nominal output voltage (10% for output voltages 1.2 V and 1.0 V), thus providing outstanding design flexibility. Applications * Telecommunications * Data communications * Wireless * Servers * * * * * * * * NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 1 of 37 RoHS lead-free solder and lead-solder-exempted products are available Delivers up to 40 A (132 W) Industry-standard SM quarter-brick pinout Higher current capability at 70 C than most competitors' 40 A half-bricks On-board input differential LC-filter Outputs available: 3.3, 2.5, 2.0, 1.8, 1.5, 1.2 & 1.0 V High efficiency - no heat sink required Start-up into pre-biased output No minimum load required Low profile: 0.28" [7.1 mm] Low weight: 1.06 oz [30 g] typical Meets Basic Insulation requirements of EN60950 Withstands 100 V input transient for 100 ms Fixed-frequency operation Fully protected Remote output sense Output voltage trim range: +10%/-20% with Industrystandard trim equations (except 1.2 V and 1.0 V outputs with trim range 10%) High reliability: MTBF of 2.6 million hours, calculated per Telcordia TR-332, Method I Case 1 Positive or negative logic ON/OFF option UL 60950 recognition in US and Canada and DEMKO certification per IEC/EN 60950 Meets conducted emissions requirements of FCC Class B and EN 55022 Class B with external filter All materials meet UL94, V-0 flammability rating www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Electrical Specifications (common to all versions) Conditions: TA=25C, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, All output voltages, unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Operating Ambient Temperature Storage Temperature NOTES Continuous MIN TYP 0 -40 -55 MAX UNITS 80 85 125 Vdc C C INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range Input Under Voltage Lockout Turn-on Threshold Turn-off Threshold Input Voltage Transient 36 48 75 Vdc 33 31 34 32 35 33 100 Vdc Vdc Vdc Non-latching 100 ms ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS I/O Isolation Isolation Capacitance Isolation Resistance 2000 Vdc nF M 1.4 10 FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency 1 Output Voltage Trim Range 415 1 Remote Sense Compensation Output Over-Voltage Protection Auto-Restart Period Turn-On Time ON/OFF Control (Positive Logic) Converter Off Converter On ON/OFF Control (Negative Logic) Converter Off Converter On Industry-std. equations (3.3 - 1.5 V) Use trim equation on Page 4 (1.2 - 1.0 V) Percent of VOUT(NOM) Non-latching Applies to all protection features -20 -10 117 128 100 4 +10 +10 +10 140 kHz % % % % ms ms -20 2.4 0.8 20 Vdc Vdc 2.4 -20 20 0.8 Vdc Vdc Additional Notes: 1. Vout can be increased up to 10% via the sense leads or up to 10% via the trim function, however total output voltage trim from all sources should not exceed 10% of VOUT(NOM), in order to insure specified operation of over-voltage protection circuitry. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 2 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output case it must be capable of sourcing or sinking up to 1 mA depending on the signal polarity. See the Start-up Information section for system timing waveforms associated with use of the ON/OFF pin. Operation Input and Output Impedance These power converters have been designed to be stable with no external capacitors when used in low inductance input and output circuits. However, in many applications, the inductance associated with the distribution from the power source to the input of the converter can affect the stability of the converter. The addition of a 33 F electrolytic capacitor with an ESR < 1 across the input helps ensure stability of the converter. In many applications, the user has to use decoupling capacitance at the load. The power converter will exhibit stable operation with external load capacitance up to 40,000 F on 3.3 - 1.0 V outputs. Remote Sense (Pins 5 and 7) The remote sense feature of the converter compensates for voltage drops occurring between the output pins of the converter and the load. The SENSE(-) (Pin 5) and SENSE(+) (Pin 7) pins should be connected at the load or at the point where regulation is required (see Fig. B). Vin (+) ON/OFF Rw 100 SENSE (+) TRIM Rload 10 Vin (-) The ON/OFF pin is used to turn the power converter on or off remotely via a system signal. There are two remote control options available, positive logic and negative logic and both are referenced to Vin(-). Typical connections are shown in Fig. A. QmaX TM Series Converter (Top View) Vout (+) SENSE (+) ON/OFF TRIM Rload SENSE (-) Vin (-) Vout (+) SENSE (-) ON/OFF (Pin 2) Vin TM Series Converter (Top View) Vin Vin (+) QmaX Rw Fig. B: Remote sense circuit configuration. If remote sensing is not required, the SENSE(-) pin must be connected to the Vout(-) pin (Pin 4), and the SENSE(+) pin must be connected to the Vout(+) pin (Pin 8) to ensure the converter will regulate at the specified output voltage. If these connections are not made, the converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher than the specified value. Because the sense leads carry minimal current, large traces on the end-user board are not required. However, sense traces should be located close to a ground plane to minimize system noise and insure optimum performance. When wiring discretely, twisted pair wires should be used to connect the sense lines to the load to reduce susceptibility to noise. Vout (-) CONTROL INPUT Fig. A: Circuit configuration for ON/OFF function. The positive logic version turns on when the ON/OFF pin is at a logic high and turns off when at a logic low. The converter is on when the ON/OFF pin is left open. The negative logic version turns on when the pin is at a logic low and turns off when the pin is at a logic high. The ON/OFF pin can be hard wired directly to Vin(-) to enable automatic power up of the converter without the need of an external control signal. ON/OFF pin is internally pulled-up to 5 V through a resistor. A mechanical switch, open collector transistor, or FET can be used to drive the input of the ON/OFF pin. The device must be capable of sinking up to 0.2 mA at a low level voltage of 0.8 V. An external voltage source (20 V maximum) may be connected directly to the ON/OFF input, in which NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Vout (-) The converter's output over-voltage protection (OVP) senses the voltage across Vout(+) and Vout(-), and not across the sense lines, so the resistance (and resulting voltage drop) between the output pins of the converter and the load should be minimized to prevent unwanted triggering of the OVP. When utilizing the remote sense feature, care must be taken not to exceed the maximum allowable output power capability of the converter, equal to the product of the nominal output voltage and the allowable output current for the given conditions. Page 3 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output When using remote sense, the output voltage at the converter can be increased by as much as 10% above the nominal rating in order to maintain the required voltage across the load. Therefore, the designer must, if necessary, decrease the maximum current (originally obtained from the derating curves) by the same percentage to ensure the converter's actual output power remains at or below the maximum allowable output power. QmaX TM Series Converter Vin (+) (Top View) Vout (+) SENSE (+) R T-INCR ON/OFF Vin TRIM Rload SENSE (-) Vout (-) Vin (-) Fig. C: Configuration for increasing output voltage. Output Voltage Adjust /TRIM (Pin 6) The output voltage can be adjusted up 10% or down 20% for Vout 1.5 V, and 10% for Vout = 1.2 V and 1.0 V relative to the rated output voltage by the addition of an externally connected resistor. For 3.3 V output voltage, trim up to 10% is guaranteed only at Vin 40 V, and it is marginal (8% to 10%) at Vin = 36 V. The TRIM pin should be left open if trimming is not being used. To minimize noise pickup, a 0.1 F capacitor is connected internally between the TRIM and SENSE(-) pins. To increase the output voltage, refer to Fig. C. A trim resistor, RT-INCR, should be connected between the TRIM (Pin 6) and SENSE(+) (Pin 7), with a value of: RT-INCR = RT-INCR = RT-INCR 5.11(100 + )VO-NOM - 626 - 10.22 [k] (3.3 -1.5V) 1.225 84.6 - 7.2 [k] (1.2 V) 511 - 10.22 [k] (3.3 - 1.5 V) || RT-DECR = 700 - 15 [k] (1.2 V) || RT-DECR = 700 - 17 [k] (1.0 V) || where, RT-DECR = Required value of trim-down resistor [k] and is as defined above. Note: The above equations for calculation of trim resistor values match those typically used in conventional industrystandard quarter bricks (except for 1.2 V and 1.0 V outputs). Converters with output voltages 1.2 V and 1.0 V are available with alternative trim feature to provide the customers with the flexibility of second sourcing. 485 323 -2 RT-INCR = 511 RT-DECR = - 10.22 || RT-INCR = RT-INCR = Required value of trim-up resistor k] VO-NOM = Nominal value of output voltage [V] (VO-REQ - VO -NOM) X 100 [%] VO -NOM [k] (1.2V) [k] (1.0V) [k] (For 1.2V and 1.0V) For 1.2V only, "U" version converter with the last character in the part number "U" uses the following trim equations: VO-REQ = Desired (trimmed) output voltage [V]. When trimming up, care must be taken not to exceed the converter`s maximum allowable output power. See previous section for a complete discussion of this requirement. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 RT-DECR = For 1.2 V and 1.0 V only, "T" version converter with the last character in the part number "T" uses the following trim equations: 120 = - 9 [k] (1.0 V) where, = To decrease the output voltage (Fig. D), a trim resistor, RT-DECR, should be connected between the TRIM (Pin 6) and SENSE(-) (Pin 5), with a value of: 100 100 = -2 || RT-INCR = [k] RT-DECR [k] Page 4 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Vin (+) QmaX (Top View) Vin Output Overvoltage Protection (OVP) TM Series Converter ON/OFF Vout (+) SENSE (+) TRIM SENSE (-) Vin (-) Rload R T-DECR Vout (-) Overtemperature Protection (OTP) Fig. D: Configuration for decreasing output voltage. Trimming/sensing beyond 110% of the rated output voltage is not an acceptable design practice, as this condition could cause unwanted triggering of the output over-voltage protection (OVP) circuit. The designer should ensure that the difference between the voltages across the converter's output pins and its sense pins does not exceed 10% of VOUT(NOM), or: [VOUT(+) - VOUT(-)] - [VSENSE(+) - VSENSE(-)] VO - NOM X 10% [V] This equation is applicable for any condition of output sensing and/or output trim. Protection Features Input Undervoltage Lockout Input undervoltage lockout is standard with this converter. The converter will shut down when the input voltage drops below a pre-determined voltage. The input voltage must be typically 34 V for the converter to turn on. Once the converter has been turned on, it will shut off when the input voltage drops typically below 32 V. This feature is beneficial in preventing deep discharging of batteries used in telecom applications. Output Overcurrent Protection (OCP) The converter is protected against overcurrent or short circuit conditions. Upon sensing an over-current condition, the converter will switch to constant current operation and thereby begin to reduce output voltage. When the output voltage drops below 50% of the nominal value of output voltage, the converter will shut down. Once the converter has shut down, it will attempt to restart nominally every 100 ms with a typical 1-2% duty cycle. The attempted restart will continue indefinitely until the overload or short circuit conditions are removed or the output voltage rises above 50% of its nominal value. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 The converter will shut down if the output voltage across Vout(+) (Pin 8) and Vout(-) (Pin 4) exceeds the threshold of the OVP circuitry. The OVP circuitry contains its own reference, independent of the output voltage regulation loop. Once the converter has shut down, it will attempt to restart every 100 ms until the OVP condition is removed. The converter will shut down under an over-temperature condition to protect itself from overheating caused by operation outside the thermal derating curves, or operation in abnormal conditions such as system fan failure. After the converter has cooled to a safe operating temperature, it will automatically restart. Safety Requirements The converters meet North American and International safety regulatory requirements per UL60950 and EN60950. Basic Insulation is provided between input and output. To comply with safety agencies requirements, an input line fuse must be used external to the converter. The Table below provides the recommended fuse rating for use with this family of products. Output Voltage 3.3 V 2.5 -1.8 V 1.5 - 1.0 V Fuse Rating 7.5-A 5-A 3-A Modules are UL approved for maximum fuse rating of 15-A. To protect a group of modules with a single fuse, the rating can be increased from the recommended values above. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) EMC requirements must be met at the end-product system level, as no specific standards dedicated to EMC characteristics of board mounted component dc-dc converters exist. However, Power-One tests its converters to several system level standards, primary of which is the more stringent EN55022, Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement. Effective internal LC differential filter significantly reduces input reflected ripple current, and improves EMC. With the addition of a simple external filter, all versions of the QmaXTM Series of converters pass the requirements of Class B conducted emissions per EN55022 and FCC, and meet at a minimum, Class A radiated emissions per EN 55022 and Class B per FCC Title 47CFR, Part 15-J. Please contact Power-One Applications Engineering for details of this testing. Page 5 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Characterization General Information The converter has been characterized for many operational aspects, to include thermal derating (maximum load current as a function of ambient temperature and airflow) for vertical and horizontal mounting, efficiency, start-up and shutdown parameters, output ripple and noise, transient response to load step-change, overload and short circuit. The figures are numbered as Fig. x.y, where x indicates the different output voltages, and y associates with specific plots (y = 1 for the vertical thermal derating, ...). For example, Fig. x.1 will refer to the vertical thermal derating for all the output voltages in general. The following pages contain specific plots or waveforms associated with the converter. Additional comments for specific data are provided below. Test Conditions All data presented were taken with the converter soldered to a test board, specifically a 0.060" thick printed wiring board (PWB) with four layers. The top and bottom layers were not metalized. The two inner layers, comprising two-ounce copper, were used to provide traces for connectivity to the converter. The lack of metalization on the outer layers as well as the limited thermal connection ensured that heat transfer from the converter to the PWB was minimized. This provides a worst-case but consistent scenario for thermal derating purposes. All measurements requiring airflow were made in PowerOne's vertical and horizontal wind tunnel facilities using Infrared (IR) thermography and thermocouples for thermometry. Ensuring components on the converter do not exceed their ratings is important to maintaining high reliability. If one anticipates operating the converter at or close to the maximum loads specified in the derating curves, it is prudent to check actual operating temperatures in the application. Thermographic imaging is preferable; if this capability is not available, then thermocouples may be used. Power-One recommends the use of AWG #40 gauge thermocouples to ensure measurement accuracy. Careful routing of the thermocouple leads will further minimize measurement error. Refer to Figure H for optimum measuring thermocouple location. Thermal Derating and 85C, with airflow rates from 30 to 500 LFM (0.15 to 2.5 m/s). For each set of conditions, the maximum load current was defined as the lowest of: (i) The output current at which any FET junction temperature does not exceed a maximum specified temperature (120C) as indicated by the thermographic image, or (ii) The nominal rating of the converter (40 A on 3.3 - 1.0 V). During normal operation, derating curves with maximum FET temperature less than or equal to 120C should not be exceeded. Temperature on the PCB at the thermocouple location shown in Fig. H should not exceed 118C in order to operate inside the derating curves. Efficiency Fig. x.3 shows the efficiency vs. load current plot for ambient temperature of 25C, airflow rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) with vertical mounting and input voltages of 36 V, 48 V and 72 V. Also, a plot of efficiency vs. load current, as a function of ambient temperature with Vin = 48 V, airflow rate of 200 LFM (1 m/s) with vertical mounting is shown in Fig. x.4. Power Dissipation Fig. x.5 shows the power dissipation vs. load current plot for Ta = 25C, airflow rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) with vertical mounting and input voltages of 36 V, 48 V and 72 V. Also, a plot of power dissipation vs. load current, as a function of ambient temperature with Vin = 48 V, airflow rate of 200 LFM (1 m/s) with vertical mounting is shown in Fig. x.6. Start-up Output voltage waveforms, during the turn-on transient using the ON/OFF pin for full rated load currents (resistive load) are shown without and with external load capacitance in Fig. x.7 and Fig. x.8, respectively. Ripple and Noise Fig. x.10 shows the output voltage ripple waveform, measured at full rated load current with a 10 F tantalum and 1 F ceramic capacitor across the output. Note that all output voltage waveforms are measured across a 1 F ceramic capacitor. The input reflected ripple current waveforms are obtained using the test setup shown in Fig x.11. The corresponding waveforms are shown in Fig. x.12 and Fig. x.14. Load current vs. ambient temperature and airflow rates are given in Figs. x.1 and x.2 for vertical and horizontal converter mounting. Ambient temperature was varied between 25C NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 6 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output V IN Start-up Information (using negative ON/OFF) Scenario #1: Initial Start-up From Bulk Supply ON/OFF function enabled, converter started via application of VIN. See Figure E. Time Comments t0 ON/OFF pin is ON; system front end power is toggled on, VIN to converter begins to rise. t1 VIN crosses Under-Voltage Lockout protection circuit threshold; converter enabled. t2 Converter begins to respond to turn-on command (converter turn-on delay). t3 Converter VOUT reaches 100% of nominal value. For this example, the total converter start-up time (t3- t1) is typically 4 ms. Scenario #2: Initial Start-up Using ON/OFF Pin With VIN previously powered, converter started via ON/OFF pin. See Figure F. Time Comments t0 VINPUT at nominal value. t1 Arbitrary time when ON/OFF pin is enabled (converter enabled). t2 End of converter turn-on delay. t3 Converter VOUT reaches 100% of nominal value. For this example, the total converter start-up time (t3- t1) is typically 4 ms. Scenario #3: Turn-off and Restart Using ON/OFF Pin With VIN previously powered, converter is disabled and then enabled via ON/OFF pin. See Figure G. Time Comments t0 VIN and VOUT are at nominal values; ON/OFF pin ON. t1 ON/OFF pin arbitrarily disabled; converter output falls to zero; turn-on inhibit delay period (100 ms typical) is initiated, and ON/OFF pin action is internally inhibited. t2 ON/OFF pin is externally re-enabled. If (t2- t1) 100 ms, external action of ON/OFF pin is locked out by start-up inhibit timer. If (t2- t1) > 100 ms, ON/OFF pin action is internally enabled. t3 Turn-on inhibit delay period ends. If ON/OFF pin is ON, converter begins turn-on; if off, converter awaits ON/OFF pin ON signal; see Figure F. t4 End of converter turn-on delay. t5 Converter VOUT reaches 100% of nominal value. For the condition, (t2- t1) 100 ms, the total converter start-up time (t5- t2) is typically 104 ms. For (t2- t1) > 100 ms, start-up will be typically 4 ms after release of ON/OFF pin. ON/OFF STATE OFF ON V OUT t0 t1 t2 t t3 Fig. E: Start-up scenario #1. VIN ON/OFF STATE OFF ON VOUT t0 t1 t 2 t t3 Fig. F: Start-up scenario #2. VIN 100 ms ON/OFF STATE OFF ON VOUT t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t Fig. G: Start-up scenario #3. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 7 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Electrical Specifications: QM48S40033 (3.3 Volts Out) Conditions: TA=25C, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, Vout=3.3 Vdc unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER INPUT CHARACTERISTICS NOTES Maximum Input Current Input Stand-by Current Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Input Reflected-Ripple Current Input Voltage Ripple Rejection MIN TYP 40 Adc, 3.3 Vdc Out @ 36 Vdc In Vin = 48 V, converter disabled Vin = 48 V, converter enabled 25MHz bandwidth 120Hz MAX UNITS 4.1 Adc mAdc mAdc mAPK-PK dB 3.300 3.333 Vdc 2 2 5 5 3.350 50 40,000 40 52 60 15 mV mV Vdc mVPK-PK F Adc Adc A Arms 3 63 7.5 TBD OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (no load) Output Regulation Over Line Over Load Output Voltage Range Output Ripple and Noise - 25MHz bandwidth External Load Capacitance Output Current Range Current Limit Inception Peak Short-Circuit Current RMS Short-Circuit Current 3.267 2 Over line, load and temperature Full load + 10 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic Plus full load (resistive) 3.250 30 0 42 Non-latching Non-latching. Short=10m. Non-latching 47 50 10 DYNAMIC RESPONSE Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1 A/S Setting Time to 1% Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic 120 80 mV s 90.5 92.5 % % EFFICIENCY 100% Load 50% Load 50 50 40 40 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Additional Notes: 2. -40C to 85C 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 Ambient Temperature [C] 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ambient Temperature [C] Fig. 3.3V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40033 converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 30 Fig. 3.3V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40033 converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. Page 8 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 Efficiency Efficiency QM48S40033 (3.3 Volts Out) 0.80 0.75 72 V 48 V 36 V 0.80 0.75 0.70 70 C 55 C 40 C 0.70 0.65 0 10 20 30 40 0.65 50 0 10 Load Current [Adc] 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 3.3V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. Fig. 3.3V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00 Power Dissipation [W] Power Dissipation [W] 20 8.00 72 V 48 V 36 V 4.00 8.00 70 C 55 C 40 C 4.00 0.00 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 Load Current [Adc] 20 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 3.3V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 10 Fig. 3.3V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). Page 9 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40033 (3.3 Volts Out) Fig. 3.3V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 3.3V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) plus 40,000 F at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 3.3V9: Output voltage response to load current stepchange (20 A - 30 A - 20 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage (100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew rate: 1 A/s. Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic. Time scale: 0.2 ms/div. Fig. 3.3V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load current into a resistive load with Co = 10 F tantalum + 1uF ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 s/div. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 10 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40033 (3.3 Volts Out) iS iC 10 H source inductance Vsource 33 F ESR <1 electrolytic capacitor QmaX TM Series DC/DC Converter 1 F ceramic Vout capacitor Fig. 3.3V.11: Test setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is. Fig. 3.3V12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div), measured through 10 H at the source at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 3.3V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1s/div. Fig. 3.3V14: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div), measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 3.3V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 s/div. 4.0 Vout [Vdc] 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 15 30 45 60 Iout [Adc] Fig. 3.3V.13: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no effect on current limit characteristic. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 11 of 37 Fig. 3.3V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a 10 m short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top trace. www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Electrical Specifications: QM48S40025 (2.5 Volts Out) Conditions: TA=25C, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, Vout=2.5 Vdc unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER INPUT CHARACTERISTICS NOTES Maximum Input Current Input Stand-by Current Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Input Reflected-Ripple Current Input Voltage Ripple Rejection MIN TYP 40 Adc, 2.5 Vdc Out @ 36 Vdc In Vin = 48 V, converter disabled Vin = 48 V, converter enabled 25MHz bandwidth 120Hz MAX UNITS 3.2 Adc mAdc mAdc mAPK-PK dB 2.500 2.525 Vdc 2 2 5 5 2.538 50 40,000 40 52 60 15 mV mV Vdc mVPK-PK F Adc Adc A Arms 3 50 10 TBD OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (no load) Output Regulation Over Line Over Load Output Voltage Range Output Ripple and Noise - 25MHz bandwidth External Load Capacitance Output Current Range Current Limit Inception Peak Short-Circuit Current RMS Short-Circuit Current 2.475 2 Over line, load and temperature Full load + 10 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic Plus full load (resistive) 2.462 30 0 42 Non-latching Non-latching. Short=10m. Non-latching 47 50 10 DYNAMIC RESPONSE Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1 A/S Setting Time to 1% Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic 120 100 mV s 89 91 % % EFFICIENCY 100% Load 50% Load 50 50 40 40 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Additional Notes: 2. -40C to 85C 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 Ambient Temperature [C] 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ambient Temperature [C] Fig. 2.5V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40025 converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 30 Fig. 2.5V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40025 converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. Page 12 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40025 (2.5 Volts Out) 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 Efficiency Efficiency 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.75 0.75 72 V 48 V 36 V 70 C 55 C 40 C 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.65 0 0 10 20 30 40 10 50 20 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Fig. 2.5V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00 Power Dissipation [W] Power Dissipation [W] Fig. 2.5V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. 8.00 72 V 48 V 36 V 4.00 8.00 70 C 55 C 40 C 4.00 0.00 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 Load Current [Adc] 20 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 2.5V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 10 Fig. 2.5V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). Page 13 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40025 (2.5 Volts Out) Fig. 2.5V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 2.5V.9: Output voltage response to load current stepchange (20 A - 30 A - 20 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage (100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew rate: 1 A/s. Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic. Time scale: 0.2 ms/div. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Fig. 2.5V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) plus 40,000 F at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 2.5V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load current into a resistive load with Co = 10 F tantalum + 1uF ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 s/div. Page 14 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40025 (2.5 Volts Out) iS 10 H source inductance Vsource iC 33 F ESR <1 electrolytic capacitor QmaX TM Series DC/DC Converter 1 F ceramic Vout capacitor Fig. 2.5V.11: Test setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is. Fig. 2.5V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div), measured through 10 H at the source at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 2.5V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1s/div. Fig. 2.5V.14: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div), measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 2.5V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 s/div. 3.0 2.5 Vout [Vdc] 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 15 30 45 60 Iout [Adc] Fig. 2.5V.13: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no effect on current limit characteristic. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 15 of 37 Fig. 2.5V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a 10 m short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top trace. www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Electrical Specifications: QM48S40020 (2.0 Volts Out) Conditions: TA=25C, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, Vout=2.0 Vdc unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER INPUT CHARACTERISTICS NOTES Maximum Input Current Input Stand-by Current Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Input Reflected-Ripple Current Input Voltage Ripple Rejection MIN TYP 40 Adc, 2.0 Vdc Out @ 36 Vdc In Vin = 48 V, converter disabled Vin = 48 V, converter enabled 25MHz bandwidth 120Hz MAX UNITS 2.6 Adc mAdc mAdc mAPK-PK dB 2.000 2.02 Vdc 2 2 5 5 2.030 50 40,000 40 52 60 15 mV mV Vdc mVPK-PK F Adc Adc A Arms 3 40 7.5 TBD OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (no load) Output Regulation Over Line Over Load Output Voltage Range Output Ripple and Noise - 25MHz bandwidth External Load Capacitance Output Current Range Current Limit Inception Peak Short-Circuit Current RMS Short-Circuit Current 1.98 2 Over line, load and temperature Full load + 10 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic Plus full load (resistive) 1.970 30 0 42 Non-latching Non-latching. Short=10m. Non-latching 47 50 10 DYNAMIC RESPONSE Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1 A/S Setting Time to 1% Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic 120 110 mV s 88 90 % % EFFICIENCY 100% Load 50% Load 50 50 40 40 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Additional Notes: 2. -40C to 85C 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 Ambient Temperature [C] 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ambient Temperature [C] Fig. 2.0V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40020 converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 30 Fig. 2.0V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40020 converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. Page 16 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 Efficiency Efficiency QM48S40020 (2.0 Volts Out) 0.80 0.75 0.80 72 V 48 V 36 V 0.75 0.70 70 C 55 C 40 C 0.70 0.65 0 10 20 30 40 0.65 50 0 10 Load Current [Adc] 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 2.0V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. Fig. 2.0V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00 Power Dissipation [W] Power Dissipation [W] 20 8.00 72 V 48 V 36 V 4.00 8.00 70 C 55 C 40 C 4.00 0.00 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 Load Current [Adc] 20 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 2.0V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 10 Fig. 2.0V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). Page 17 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40020 (2.0 Volts Out) Fig. 2.0V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 2.0V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) plus 40,000 F at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 2.0V.9: Output voltage response to load current stepchange (20 A - 30 A - 20 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage (100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew rate: 1 A/s. Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic. Time scale: 0.2 ms/div. Fig. 2.0V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load current into a resistive load with Co = 10 F tantalum + 1uF ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 s/div. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 18 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40020 (2.0 Volts Out) iS iC 10 H source inductance Vsource 33 F ESR <1 electrolytic capacitor QmaX TM Series DC/DC Converter 1 F ceramic Vout capacitor Fig. 2.0V.11: Test setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is. Fig. 2.0V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div), measured through 10 H at the source at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 2.0V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1s/div. Fig. 2.0V.14: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div), measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 2.0V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 s/div. 3.0 2.5 Vout [Vdc] 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 15 30 45 60 Iout [Adc] Fig. 2.0V.13: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no effect on current limit characteristic. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 19 of 37 Fig. 2.0V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a 10 m short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top trace. www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Electrical Specifications: QM48S40018 (1.8 Volts Out) Conditions: TA=25C, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, Vout=1.8 Vdc unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER INPUT CHARACTERISTICS NOTES Maximum Input Current Input Stand-by Current Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Input Reflected-Ripple Current Input Voltage Ripple Rejection MIN TYP 40 Adc, 1.8 Vdc Out @ 36 Vdc In Vin = 48 V, converter disabled Vin = 48 V, converter enabled 25MHz bandwidth 120Hz MAX UNITS 2.4 Adc mAdc mAdc mAPK-PK dB 1.800 1.818 Vdc 2 2 4 5 1.827 50 40,000 40 52 60 15 mV mV Vdc mVPK-PK F Adc Adc A Arms 3 38 10 TBD OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (no load) Output Regulation Over Line Over Load Output Voltage Range Output Ripple and Noise - 25MHz bandwidth External Load Capacitance Output Current Range Current Limit Inception Peak Short-Circuit Current RMS Short-Circuit Current 1.782 2 Over line, load and temperature Full load + 10 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic Plus full load (resistive) 1.773 30 0 42 Non-latching Non-latching. Short=10m. Non-latching 47 50 10 DYNAMIC RESPONSE Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1 A/S Setting Time to 1% Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic 120 120 mV s 87 89.5 % % EFFICIENCY 100% Load 50% Load 50 50 40 40 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Additional Notes: 2. -40C to 85C 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 Ambient Temperature [C] 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ambient Temperature [C] Fig. 1.8V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40018 converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 30 Fig. 1.8V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40018 converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. Page 20 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 Efficiency Efficiency QM48S40018 (1.8 Volts Out) 0.80 0.75 0.80 0.75 72 V 48 V 36 V 70 C 55 C 40 C 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.65 0 10 20 30 40 0 50 10 Load Current [Adc] 30 40 50 Fig. 1.8V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). Fig. 1.8V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00 Power Dissipation [W] Power Dissipation [W] 20 Load Current [Adc] 8.00 72 V 48 V 36 V 4.00 8.00 70 C 55 C 40 C 4.00 0.00 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 0 50 20 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Fig. 1.8V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 10 Fig. 1.8V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). Page 21 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40018 (1.8 Volts Out) Fig. 1.8V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 1.8V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) plus 40,000 F at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 1.8V.9: Output voltage response to load current stepchange (20 A - 30 A - 20 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage (100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew rate: 1 A/s. Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic. Time scale: 0.2 ms/div. Fig. 1.8V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load current into a resistive load with Co = 10 F tantalum + 1uF ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 s/div. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 22 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40018 (1.8 Volts Out) iS iC 10 H source inductance Vsource 33 F ESR <1 electrolytic capacitor QmaX TM Series DC/DC Converter 1 F ceramic Vout capacitor Fig. 1.8V.11: Test setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is. Fig. 1.8V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div), measured through 10 H at the source at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.8V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1s/div. Fig. 1.8V.14: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div), measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.8V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 s/div. 3.0 2.5 Vout [Vdc] 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 15 30 45 60 Iout [Adc] Fig. 1.8V.13: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no effect on current limit characteristic. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Fig. 1.8V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a 10 m short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace (20 A/div, 2 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top trace. Page 23 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Electrical Specifications: QM48S40015 (1.5 Volts Out) Conditions: TA=25C, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, Vout=1.5 Vdc unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER INPUT CHARACTERISTICS NOTES Maximum Input Current Input Stand-by Current Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Input Reflected-Ripple Current Input Voltage Ripple Rejection MIN TYP 40 Adc, 1.5 Vdc Out @ 36 Vdc In Vin = 48 V, converter disabled Vin = 48 V, converter enabled 25MHz bandwidth 120Hz MAX UNITS 2 Adc mAdc mAdc mAPK-PK dB 1.500 1.515 Vdc 2 2 4 4 1.523 50 40,000 40 52 60 15 mV mV Vdc mVPK-PK F Adc Adc A Arms 3 32 7.5 TBD OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (no load) Output Regulation Over Line Over Load Output Voltage Range Output Ripple and Noise - 25MHz bandwidth External Load Capacitance Output Current Range Current Limit Inception Peak Short-Circuit Current RMS Short-Circuit Current 1.485 2 Over line, load and temperature Full load + 10 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic Plus full load (resistive) 1.477 30 0 42 Non-latching Non-latching. Short=10m. Non-latching 47 50 10 DYNAMIC RESPONSE Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1 A/S Setting Time to 1% Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic 120 150 mV s 85.5 88 % % EFFICIENCY 100% Load 50% Load 50 50 40 40 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Additional Notes: 2. -40C to 85C 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 Ambient Temperature [C] 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ambient Temperature [C] Fig. 1.5V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40015 converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 30 Fig. 1.5V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40015 converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. Page 24 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 Efficiency Efficiency QM48S40015 (1.5 Volts Out) 0.80 0.75 0.80 0.75 72 V 48 V 36 V 0.70 70 C 55 C 40 C 0.70 0.65 0.65 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 Load Current [Adc] 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 1.5V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. Fig. 1.5V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00 Power Dissipation [W] Power Dissipation [W] 20 8.00 72 V 48 V 36 V 4.00 8.00 70 C 55 C 40 C 4.00 0.00 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 0 50 20 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Fig. 1.5V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 10 Fig. 1.5V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). Page 25 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40015 (1.5 Volts Out) Fig. 1.5V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 1.5V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) plus 40,000 F at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 1.5V.9: Output voltage response to load current stepchange (20 A - 30 A - 20 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage (100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew rate: 1 A/s. Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic. Time scale: 0.2 ms/div. Fig. 1.5V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load current into a resistive load with Co = 10 F tantalum + 1uF ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 s/div. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 26 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40015 (1.5 Volts Out) iS iC 10 H source inductance Vsource 33 F ESR <1 electrolytic capacitor QmaX TM Series DC/DC Converter 1 F ceramic Vout capacitor Fig. 1.5V.11: Test setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is. Fig. 1.5V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div), measured through 10 H at the source at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.5V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1s/div. Fig. 1.5V.14: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div), measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.5V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 s/div. 2.0 Vout [Vdc] 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 15 30 45 60 Iout [Adc] Fig. 1.5V.13: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no effect on current limit characteristic. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 27 of 37 Fig. 1.5V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a 10 m short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top trace. www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Electrical Specifications: QM48S40012 (1.2 Volts Out) Conditions: TA=25C, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, Vout=1.2 Vdc unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER INPUT CHARACTERISTICS NOTES Maximum Input Current Input Stand-by Current Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Input Reflected-Ripple Current Input Voltage Ripple Rejection MIN TYP 40 Adc, 1.2 Vdc Out @ 36 Vdc In Vin = 48 V, converter disabled Vin = 48 V, converter enabled 25MHz bandwidth 120Hz MAX UNITS 1.7 Adc mAdc mAdc mAPK-PK dB 1.200 1.212 Vdc 1 1 3 3 1.224 50 40,000 40 52 60 15 mV mV Vdc mVPK-PK F Adc Adc A Arms 3 28 7.5 TBD OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (no load) Output Regulation Over Line Over Load Output Voltage Range Output Ripple and Noise - 25MHz bandwidth External Load Capacitance Output Current Range Current Limit Inception Peak Short-Circuit Current RMS Short-Circuit Current 1.188 2 Over line, load and temperature Full load + 10 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic Plus full load (resistive) 1.176 30 0 42 Non-latching Non-latching. Short=10m. Non-latching 47 50 10 DYNAMIC RESPONSE Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1 A/S Setting Time to 1% Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic 120 250 mV s 83 86.5 % % EFFICIENCY 100% Load 50% Load 50 50 40 40 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Additional Notes: 2. -40C to 85C 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 Ambient Temperature [C] 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ambient Temperature [C] Fig. 1.2V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40012 converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 30 Fig. 1.2V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40012 converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. Page 28 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 Efficiency Efficiency QM48S40012 (1.2 Volts Out) 0.80 0.75 0.80 72 V 48 V 36 V 0.75 0.70 70 C 55 C 40 C 0.70 0.65 0 10 20 30 40 0.65 50 0 10 Load Current [Adc] 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 1.2V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. Fig. 1.2V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00 Power Dissipation [W] Power Dissipation [W] 20 8.00 72 V 48 V 36 V 4.00 8.00 70 C 55 C 40 C 4.00 0.00 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 Load Current [Adc] 20 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 1.2V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 10 Fig. 1.2V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). Page 29 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40012 (1.2 Volts Out) Fig. 1.2V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 1.2V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) plus 40,000 F at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 1.2V.9: Output voltage response to load current stepchange (20 A - 30 A - 20 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage (100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew rate: 1 A/s. Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic. Time scale: 0.2 ms/div. Fig. 1.2V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load current into a resistive load with Co = 10 F tantalum + 1uF ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 s/div. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 30 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40012 (1.2 Volts Out) iS iC 10 H source inductance Vsource 33 F ESR <1 electrolytic capacitor QmaX TM Series DC/DC Converter 1 F ceramic Vout capacitor Fig. 1.2V.11: Test setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is. Fig. 1.2V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div), measured through 10 H at the source at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.2V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1s/div. Fig. 1.2V.14: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div), measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.2V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 s/div. 1.5 Vout [Vdc] 1.0 0.5 0 0 15 30 45 60 Iout [Adc] Fig. 1.2V.13: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no effect on current limit characteristic. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 31 of 37 Fig. 1.2V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a 10 m short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top trace. www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Electrical Specifications: QM48S40010 (1.0 Volt Out) Conditions: TA=25C, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, Vout=1.0 Vdc unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER INPUT CHARACTERISTICS NOTES Maximum Input Current Input Stand-by Current Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Input Reflected-Ripple Current Input Voltage Ripple Rejection MIN TYP 40 Adc, 1.0 Vdc Out @ 36 Vdc In Vin = 48 V, converter disabled Vin = 48 V, converter enabled 25MHz bandwidth 120Hz MAX UNITS 1.4 Adc mAdc mAdc mAPK-PK dB 1.000 1.010 Vdc 1 1 3 3 1.020 50 40,000 40 52 60 15 mV mV Vdc mVPK-PK F Adc Adc A Arms 3 27 7.5 TBD OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (no load) Output Regulation Over Line Over Load Output Voltage Range Output Ripple and Noise - 25MHz bandwidth External Load Capacitance Output Current Range Current Limit Inception Peak Short-Circuit Current RMS Short-Circuit Current 0.990 2 Over line, load and temperature Full load + 10 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic Plus full load (resistive) 0.980 30 0 42 Non-latching Non-latching. Short=10m. Non-latching 47 50 10 DYNAMIC RESPONSE Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1 A/S Setting Time to 1% Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic 120 280 mV s 81 85 % % EFFICIENCY 100% Load 50% Load 50 50 40 40 Load Current [Adc] Load Current [Adc] Additional Notes: 2. -40C to 85C 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 30 500 LFM (2.5 m/s) 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 30 LFM (0.15 m/s) 20 10 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 Ambient Temperature [C] 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ambient Temperature [C] Fig. 1.0V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40010 converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 30 Fig. 1.0V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for QM48S40010 converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET temperature 120C, Vin = 48 V. Page 32 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.85 Efficiency Efficiency QM48S40010 (1.0 Volt Out) 0.80 0.75 0.80 72 V 48 V 36 V 0.75 0.70 70 C 55 C 40 C 0.70 0.65 0 10 20 30 40 0.65 50 0 10 Load Current [Adc] 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 1.0V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. Fig. 1.0V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00 Power Dissipation [W] Power Dissipation [W] 20 8.00 72 V 48 V 36 V 4.00 8.00 70 C 55 C 40 C 4.00 0.00 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 Load Current [Adc] 20 30 40 50 Load Current [Adc] Fig. 1.0V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25C. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 10 Fig. 1.0V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s). Page 33 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40010 (1.0 Volt Out) Fig. 1.0V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 1.0V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) plus 40,000 F at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (0.5 V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div. Fig. 1.0V.9: Output voltage response to load current stepchange (20 A - 30 A - 20 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage (100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew rate: 1 A/s. Co = 470 F tantalum + 1 F ceramic. Time scale: 0.2 ms/div. Fig. 1.0V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load current into a resistive load with Co = 10 F tantalum + 1uF ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 s/div. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 34 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output QM48S40010 (1.0 Volt Out) iS iC 10 H source inductance Vsource 33 F ESR <1 electrolytic capacitor QmaX TM Series DC/DC Converter 1 F ceramic Vout capacitor Fig. 1.0V.11: Test setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is. Fig. 1.0V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div), measured through 10 H at the source at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.0V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1s/div. Fig. 1.0V.14: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div), measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.0V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 s/div. 1.5 Vout [Vdc] 1.0 0.5 0 0 15 30 45 60 Iout [Adc] Fig. 1.0V13: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no effect on current limit characteristic. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 35 of 37 Fig. 1.0V15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a 10 m short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top trace. www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Physical Information Pin Connections Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 1 7 2 TOP VIEW 6 5 3 4 SIDE VIEW Function Vin (+) ON/OFF Vin (-) Vout (-) SENSE(-) TRIM SENSE(+) Vout (+) QM48S Platform Notes * * * * * Converter Part Numbering Scheme Product Series Input Voltage Mounting Scheme Rated Load Current Output Voltage QM 48 S 40 033 - All dimensions are in inches [mm] Connector Material: Copper Connector Finish: Gold over Nickel Converter Weight: 1.06oz [30 g] Recommended Surface-Mount Pads: Min. 0.080" X 0.112" [2.03 x 2.84] Max. 0.092" X 0.124" [2.34 x 3.15] ON/OFF Logic Maximum Height (HT) Pin Length (PL) Special Features N S 0 0 0 STD Quarter-Brick Format 36-75 V Surface Mount 40 A (1.0 - 3.3 V) 010 1.0 V 012 1.2 V 015 1.5 V 018 1.8 V 020 2.0 V 025 2.5 V 033 3.3 V N Negative P Positive S 0.295" 0 0.00" U Special 2 Trim (For 1.2V only) T Special 2 Trim (For 1.2V & 1.0V only) 1. The example above describes P/N QM48T40033-NS00: 36-75 V input, surface mount, 40 A @ 3.3 V output, negative ON/OFF logic, a maximum height of 0.295". Please consult factory regarding availability of a specific version. 2. For definitions, operation, and associated trim equations for all trim options please refer to Application Note 103, Trim Feature for Isolated dc-dc. Models highlighted in yellow or shaded are not recommended for new designs. RoHS Ordering Information: * No RoHS suffix character is required for lead-solder-exemption compliance. * For RoHS compliance to all six substances, add the letter "G" as the last letter of the part number. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 36 of 37 www.power-one.com QM48S DC-DC Converter Series Data Sheet 40A Output Fig. H: Location of the thermocouple for thermal testing. NUCLEAR AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS - Power-One products are not designed, intended for use in, or authorized for use as components in life support systems, equipment used in hazardous environments, or nuclear control systems without the express written consent of the respective divisional president of Power-One, Inc. TECHNICAL REVISIONS - The appearance of products, including safety agency certifications pictured on labels, may change depending on the date manufactured. Specifications are subject to change without notice. NOV 13, 2006 revised to MAR 28, 2007 Page 37 of 37 www.power-one.com