19-0532; Rev 1; 4/09 KIT ATION EVALU E L B AVAILA High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator The MAX16803 current regulator operates from a 6.5V to 40V input-voltage range and delivers up to a total of 350mA to one or more strings of high-brightness LEDs (HB LEDs). The output current of the MAX16803 is adjusted by using an external current-sense resistor in series with the LEDs. A dimming input allows widerange "pulsed" PWM operation. Wave-shaping circuitry reduces EMI. The differential current-sense input increases noise immunity. The MAX16803 is well suited for applications requiring high-voltage input and is able to withstand automotive load-dump events up to 40V. An on-board pass element minimizes external components while providing 3.5% output-current accuracy. Additional features include a 5V regulated output and short-circuit and thermal protection. The MAX16803 is available in a thermally enhanced, 5mm x 5mm, 16-pin TQFN package and is specified over the automotive -40C to +125C temperature range. Applications Automotive Interior: Map, Courtesy, and Cluster Lighting Features +6.5V to +40V Operating Range Adjustable LED Current (35mA to 350mA) 3.5% LED Current Accuracy High-Voltage DIM Pin for Dimming Interface Integrated Pass Element with Low-Dropout Voltage (0.5V typ) +5V Regulated Output with 4mA Source Capability Parallel Operation for LED Current > 350mA Differential LED Current Sense Low Shutdown Supply Current (12A typ) Low 204mV Current-Sense Reference Reduces Power Losses Wave-Shaped Edges Reduce Radiated EMI During PWM Dimming Thermal Shutdown Output Short-Circuit Protection Available in Small, Thermally Enhanced, 5mm x 5mm, 16-Pin TQFN Package -40C to +125C Operating Temperature Range Ordering Information Automotive Exterior: Rear Combination Lights (RCLs) TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX16803ATE+ PART -40C to +125C 16 TQFN-EP* MAX16803ATE/V+ -40C to +125C 16 TQFN-EP* Emergency Vehicle Warning Lights Navigation and Marine Indicators General Lighting +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. *EP = Exposed pad. /V denotes an automotive qualified part. Signage, Gasoline Canopies, Beacons V5 CS- CS+ TOP VIEW GND Pin Configuration 12 11 10 9 Simplified Diagram +6.5V TO +40V IN OUT 0.1F 8 DIM 13 +5V REG N.C. V5 LEDs 0.1F N.C. 14 MAX16803 EN 15 OUT 16 + 7 N.C. 6 N.C. 5 N.C. EN MAX16803 CS+ RSENSE PWM DIMMING 2 3 4 OUT IN IN N.C. DIM 1 CSGND TQFN ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX16803 General Description MAX16803 High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS IN, OUT, DIM, and EN to GND ...............................-0.3V to +45V CS+, CS-, V5 to GND ...............................................-0.3V to +6V OUT Short Circuited to GND Duration (at VIN = +16V) ........................................................60 minutes Maximum Current Into Any Pin (except IN and OUT).........20mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 16-Pin TQFN (derate 33.3mW/C above +70C) ......2666.7mW Operating Junction Temperature Range ...........-40C to +125C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = VEN = +12V, CV5 = 0.1F to GND, IV5 = 0, VCS- = 0V, VDIM = +4V, connect RSENSE = 0.58 between CS+ and CS- (Note 1). TJ = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS Supply Voltage Range VIN (Note 2) Ground Current IG ILOAD = 350mA Shutdown Supply Current Guaranteed Output Current ISHDN IOUT Output Current Accuracy Dropout Voltage (Note 3) MIN VEN 0.6V RSENSE = 0.55 Output Current Slew Rate Short-Circuit Current MAX V 1.4 3 mA 12 40 A mA 3.5 % IOUT = 350mA (current pulsed), 12V < VIN < 40V 0.5 1.2 IOUT = 350mA (current pulsed), 6.5V < VIN < 12V 0.5 1.5 V Current rising, DIM rising to 4V 17 Current falling, DIM falling to 0.6V 17 VOUT = 0V, VIN = 12V UNITS 40.0 350 35mA < IOUT < 350mA VDO TYP 6.5 400 600 mA/s 800 mA 100 nA LOGIC INPUT EN Input Current IEN EN Input Voltage High VIH EN Input Voltage Low VIL Turn-On Time tON 2.8 V 0.6 EN rising edge to 90% of OUT 80 V s CURRENT SENSE (Note 4) Regulated RSENSE Voltage VRSNS VSENSE = VCS+ - VCS- CS- Voltage Range 196 203 -0.3 Input Current (CS+) VCS+ = 220mV Input Current (CS-) VCS+ = 220mV 210 +4.1 V +14 A -84 DIM Input Current A 1 DIM Input Voltage High VIH DIM Input Voltage Low VIL mV 4 A V 0.6 V Turn-On Time tON After DIM rising to 4V (Note 5) 52 s Turn-Off Time tOFF After DIM falling to 0.6V (Note 5) 38 s 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator (VIN = VEN = +12V, CV5 = 0.1F to GND, IV5 = 0, VCS- = 0V, VDIM = +4V, connect RSENSE = 0.58 between CS+ and CS- (Note 1). TJ = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS THERMAL OVERLOAD Thermal-Shutdown Temperature +155 C 23 C Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis +5V REGULATOR Output Voltage Regulation V5 (Note 6) V5 Short-Circuit Current 5.0 5.27 V5 = 0V (Note 7) 5.5 V 16 mA Note 1: All devices 100% production tested at TA = +25C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed by design. Note 2: Resistors were added from OUT to CS+ to aid with the power dissipation during testing. Note 3: Dropout is measured as follows: Connect RO = 27 from OUT to CS+. Connect RSENSE = 0.58 from CS+ to CS-. Set VIN = +12V (record VOUT as VOUT1). Reduce VIN until VOUT = 0.97 x VOUT1 (record as VIN2 and VOUT2). VDO = VIN2 - VOUT2. Note 4: IV5 = 0mA. Note 5: tON time includes the delay and the rise time needed for IOUT to reach 90% of its final value. tOFF time is the time needed for IOUT to drop below 10%. See the Typical Operating Characteristics. tON and tOFF are tested with 13 from OUT to CST. Note 6: Current regulation varies with V5 load (see the Typical Operating Characteristics). Note 7: Thermal shutdown does not function if the output of the 5V reference is shorted to ground. Typical Operating Characteristics (VIN = VEN = +12V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) OUTPUT CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 300 250 ILOAD = 200mA 200 150 ILOAD = 100mA 100 50 ILOAD = 35mA VIN = 12V 0.208 0.207 0.206 0.205 0.204 0.203 0.202 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0.201 0.200 0 400 MAX16803 toc03 0.209 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 350 0.210 MAX16803 toc02 ILOAD = 350mA (VCS+ - VCS-) (V) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 400 MAX16803 toc01 450 OUTPUT CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE (VCS+ - VCS-) vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 20 50 80 110 140 170 200 230 260 290 320 350 TEMPERATURE (C) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX16803 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = VEN = +12V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) ILOAD = 350mA 0.5 0.4 0.3 25 20 VIN = 20V 15 VIN = 12V 10 0.2 0 5.4 ILOAD = 1mA 5.2 ILOAD = 5mA 5.0 0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) +5V REGULATOR OUTPUT vs. VIN 200Hz DIMMED OPERATION (VCS+ - VCS-) vs. IV5 0.209 0.208 0.207 0.206 0.205 0.204 0.203 ILOAD = 410mA 0.202 0.201 0.200 0.199 0.198 MAX16803 toc09 5.30 NO LOAD 5V REGULATOR OUTPUT (V) MAX16803 toc07 0.210 VDIM 2V/div 5.25 LOAD = 1mA 5.15 0V ILOAD = 350mA VIN = VEN = 12V DIM PULSED AT 200Hz (1% DUTY CYCLE) 5.20 ILOAD 200mA/div 0A LOAD = 5mA 5.10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 20s/div VIN (V) IV5 (mA) 200Hz DIMMED OPERATION (EXPANDED) 200Hz DIMMED OPERATION (EXPANDED) MAX16803 toc10 ILOAD = 350mA VIN = VEN = 12V DIM PULSED AT 200Hz (50% DUTY CYCLE) 20s/div 4 NO LOAD 5.3 5.1 VIN = 6.5V 5 0.1 5V REGULATOR OUTPUT (V) 0.7 VIN = 40V 30 5.5 MAX16803 toc08 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.8 35 MAX16803 toc05 0.9 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (A) MAX16803 toc04 1.0 0.6 +5V REGULATOR OUTPUT vs. TEMPERATURE SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE MAX16803 toc06 DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE (VCS+ - VCS-) (V) MAX16803 High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator MAX16803 toc11 ILOAD = 350mA VIN = VEN = 12V DIM PULSED AT 200Hz (50% DUTY CYCLE) VDIM 2V/div VDIM 2V/div 0V 0V ILOAD 200mA/div 0A ILOAD 200mA/div 0A 20s/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator VSNSE vs. VCS- IDIM vs. VDIM 204 MAX16803 toc13 300 MAX16803 toc12 205 250 IDIM (A) VSNSE (mV) 200 203 202 150 100 201 50 VIN = 12V ILOAD = 350mA 200 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 0 2 VCS- (V) 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 VDIM (V) Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION 1, 16 OUT 2, 3 IN 4-8, 14 N.C. Not Internally Connected 9 CS+ Positive Input of the Internal Differential Amplifier. Connect the current-sense resistor between CS+ and CS- to program the output current level. 10 CS- Negative Input of the Internal Differential Amplifier. Connect the current-sense resistor between CS- and CS+ to program the output current level. 11 V5 +5V Regulated Output. Connect a 0.1F capacitor from V5 to GND. 12 GND Ground 13 DIM Pulsed Dimming Input. Drive DIM low to disable the output. Drive DIM high to enable the output. Must not be left unconnected. 15 EN Enable Input. Drive EN high to enable the output. -- EP Exposed Pad. Connect to the ground plane for effective power dissipation. Do not use as the only ground connection. Current-Regulated Output. Connect pin 1 to pin 16. Positive Input Supply. Bypass IN with a 0.1F (min) capacitor to GND. Connect pin 2 to pin 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX16803 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = VEN = +12V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator MAX16803 Functional Diagram V5 IN DIM REGULATOR IN EN ENABLE REFERENCE GENERATOR I_REG OUT CS+ DIFFERENTIAL SENSE AMPLIFIER MAX16803 CS- THERMAL SHUTDOWN Detailed Description The MAX16803 is a high-current regulator capable of providing up to a total of 350mA of current to one or more strings of HB LEDs. A wide operating input voltage range of +6.5V to +40V makes the MAX16803 ideal for automotive applications. A +5V regulated output provides up to 4mA of current to power external circuitry. In addition, the MAX16803 features thermal and output short-circuit protection. The wide operating voltage range helps protect the MAX16803 against large transients such as those found in load-dump situations up to 40V. The MAX16803 uses a feedback loop to control the output current. The differential voltage across the sense resistor is compared to a fixed reference voltage, and the error is amplified to serve as the drive to the internal power series pass device (see the Functional Diagram). The regulation point is factory-set at (VCS+ VCS-) = 203mV 3.5%. The regulated current is user defined by the value of RSENSE. The MAX16803 is a current controller internally optimized for driving the impedance range expected from one or more HB LEDs. 6 +5V Regulator The MAX16803 includes a fixed +5V output regulator that delivers up to 4mA of load current throughout the +6.5V to +40V input voltage range. Connect a 0.1F compensation capacitor from V5 to ground. Shorting V5 to ground disables the thermal shutdown. When EN is low, V5 is off. V5 stays on during PWM dimming. Thermal Protection The MAX16803 enters a thermal-shutdown mode in the event of overheating. This typically occurs in overload or output short-circuit conditions. If the junction temperature exceeds TJ = +155C (typ), the internal thermal-protection circuitry turns off the series pass device. The MAX16803 recovers from thermal-shutdown mode once the junction temperature drops by 23C (typ). The part therefore protects itself by thermally cycling in the event of a short-circuit or overload condition. Applications Information Programming the LED Current The MAX16803 uses a sense resistor across CS+ and CS- to set the LED current. The differential sense amplifier connected across RSENSE provides ground-loop immunity and low-frequency noise rejection. The LED current is given by ILED = VSENSE / RSENSE _______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator where VFT(MAX) is the total forward voltage of all series connected LEDs. The minimum operating voltage of the device is +6.5V. The device operates below +6.5V; however, output current may not meet the full regulation specification (see the Typical Operating Characteristics). Paralleling Multiple MAX16803s to Drive One High-Power LED For applications that require more than 350mA of LED current, two or more MAX16803s can be paralleled (see Figure 3). VCS- should not exceed 4.1V. R1 Low-Frequency PWM Dimming at the Output The MAX16803 provides pulsed or chopped current dimming input (DIM). The other method is to connect DIM to V5 and EN to IN and pulse EN. Both methods generate a regulated-amplitude PWM current (variable duty cycle) that can provide control over the LED brightness (see Figures 1 and 2). IN OUT EN V5 C2 C1 MAX16803 V5 CS+ DIM CS- VDIM GND 1 OUT 2 IN 3 IN 16 15 14 13 OUT EN N.C. DIM ILED GND 12 D1 VIN V5 11 C1 4 C2 MAX16803 RSENSE CS- 10 V5 R2 CS+ 9 N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. 5 6 7 8 IN OUT EN V5 C4 C3 Figure 1. Dimming with EN Connected to VIN at a Constant Voltage and DIM Pulsed MAX16803 V5 DIM CS+ LEDs CS- VIN 1 OUT 2 IN 3 IN 4 N.C. 16 15 14 13 OUT EN N.C. DIM GND ILED GND 12 D1 V5 11 C1 C2 MAX16803 CS- 10 RSENSE Figure 3. Paralleling MAX16803s CS+ 9 N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. 5 6 7 8 Figure 2. Dimming with DIM Connected to V5, EN Connected to VIN _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX16803 Input-Voltage Considerations For proper operation, the minimum input voltage must always be: VIN(MIN) VRSENSE(MAX) + VFT(MAX) + VDO(MAX) MAX16803 High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator Two Brightness Levels for TAIL/STOP Lights Figure 4 shows PWM dimming operation for the MAX16803 with an ICM7555 timer. The ICM7555 provides adjustable duty cycle using two external resistors and a capacitor. In TAIL operation, the output of the ICM7555 feeds into DIM and lights up the LEDs. The LED's brightness depends on the duty cycle of the ICM7555. When VSTOP is present, DIM is pulled up to VSTOP. The PWM dimming operation is disabled and the LEDs light up to full brightness. See the ICM7555 data sheet for formulas to calculate the dimming frequency and the duty cycle. LED Current Thermal Foldback With a minimum number of external components, the MAX16803 provides LED current thermal foldback using a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. Figure 5 shows a thermistor connected to V5 and the CS+ of the MAX16803. As the temperature increases, the voltage drop across R2 increases causing the LED current to decrease. ILED = [VSENSE - [R2 / (R2 + RT)] x V5] / R1 D1 STOP D2 TAIL IN OUT R1 EN C1 R2 MAX16803 V5 +5V REG C2 D3 D4 IN DIS LEDs DIM OUT CS+ ICM7555 R3 TH TRG RSENSE CS- GND GND C3 Figure 4. PWM Dimming Operation with ICM7555 Timer VIN IN OUT EN V5 LEDs C2 MAX16803 RT PWM DIMMING R2 C1 DIM CS+ R1 GND CS- Figure 5. LED Current Thermal Foldback with an NTC Thermistor 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator Figure 7 shows an application circuit with the MAX16803 using a single BJT to provide high output current. For proper operation: VIN(MIN) > VCESAT(MAX) + VFT(MAX) + VRSENSE where VCESAT(MAX) is the maximum saturation voltage of the external BJT. STOP TAIL IN OUT EN V5 C2 MAX16803 V5 LEDs C1 DIM CS+ R2 R1 Q1 CS- GND Figure 6. Two Brightness Level with Current Level Switch for Tail/Stop Lights LEDs VIN IN OUT EN V5 Q1 C2 MAX16803 PWM DIMMING C1 DIM CS+ RSENSE GND CS- Figure 7. Increased LED Current (Amper Range) with a Single BJT _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX16803 Other Applications The application circuit in Figure 6 implements a twolevel brightness current for TAIL/STOP lights. In TAIL operation, Q1 is off and the R1 sets the output current. In STOP operation, Q1 turns on and the output current is set by a parallel combination of R1 and R2. MAX16803 High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator Multichannel HB LED Driver Figure 8 shows an array of MAX16803s with independent DIM control. The MAX5094C, a current-mode PWM controller, provides the input power to each LED driver preregulated voltage to multiple MAX16803 drivers. D1 L1 VIN CREF REF C3 VCC IN IN OUT IN OUT OUT C2 R3 U2 LEDs MAX5094C CCOMP COMP Q1 OUT EN C4 MAX16803 U4 EN V5 RCOMP LEDs MAX16803 GND R4 CS C9 C8 DIM CS+ CS- DIM CS+ R5 CT/RT V5 C11 C10 DIM GND LEDs MAX16803 EN V5 C7 C6 FB U3 CS+ R7 GND CS- R6 GND CS- CT R2 Figure 8. Multichannel HB LED Driver for LCD Backlight Chip Information Typical Operating Circuit PROCESS: BiCMOS VDIM 1 OUT 2 IN 3 IN 4 N.C. 16 15 14 13 OUT EN N.C. DIM D1 VIN V5 11 C1 10 Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. GND 12 C2 MAX16803 CS- 10 RSENSE PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. 16 TQFN-EP T1655-3 21-0140 CS+ 9 N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. 5 6 7 8 ______________________________________________________________________________________ High-Voltage, 350mA, High-Brightness LED Driver with PWM Dimming and 5V Regulator REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 5/06 Initial release 1 4/09 Updated Ordering Information table and added Package Information table. DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED -- 1, 10 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 11 (c) 2009 Maxim Integrated Products Heaney Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MAX16803 Revision History