HAL621, HAL629
Hall Effect Sensor Family
6251-109-4E
Edition Feb. 5, 2001
6251-504-2DS
MICRONASMICRONASMICRONASMICRONAS
MICRONAS
HAL62x
2 Micronas
Contents
Page Section Title
3 1. Introduction
3 1.1. Features
3 1.2. Family Overview
4 1.3. Marking Code
4 1.3.1. Special Marking of Prototype Parts
4 1.4. Operating Junction Temperature Range
4 1.5. Hall Sensor Package Codes
4 1.6. Solderability
5 2. Functional Description
6 3. Specifications
6 3.1. Outline Dimensions
6 3.2. Dimensions of Sensitive Area
6 3.3. Positions of Sensitive Areas
7 3.4. Absolute Maximum Ratings
7 3.5. Recommended Operating Conditions
8 3.6. Electrical Characteristics
9 3.7. Magnetic Characteristics Overview
12 4. Type Descriptions
12 4.1. HAL621
14 4.2. HAL629
16 5. Application Notes
16 5.1. Ambient Temperature
16 5.2. Start-up Behavior
16 5.3. EMC
16 6. Data Sheet History
HAL62x
3Micronas
Hall Effect Sensor Family
in CMOS technology
Release Notes: Revision bars indicate significant
changes to the previous edition.
1. Introduction
The HAL62x family consists of different Hall switches
produced in CMOS technology. All sensors include a
temperature-compensated Hall plate with active offset
compensation, a filter, a comparator, and an open-drain
output transistor. The comparator compares the actual
magnetic flux through the Hall plate (Hall voltage) with
the fixed reference values (switching points). According-
ly, the output transistor is switched on or off. The sensors
of this family differ in their magnetic characteristics.
All sensors contain an enhanced internal signal proces-
sing for very high repeatability requirements of the out-
put signal. These sensors are the optimal solution for
CAM and crank sensor applications.
The active offset compensation leads to magnetic pa-
rameters which are robust against mechanical stress ef-
fects. In addition, the magnetic characteristics are
constant in the full supply voltage and temperature
range.
The sensors are designed for industrial and automotive
applications and operate with supply voltages from
4.2 V to 24 V in the ambient temperature range from
–40 °C up to 150 °C.
All sensors are available in the SMD-package (SOT-89B)
and in the leaded version (TO-92UA).
1.1. Features:
switching offset compensation at typically 360 kHz
signal processing with chopper stabilized filter
operates from 4.2 V to 24 V supply voltage
operates with static magnetic fields and dynamic mag-
netic fields up to 15 kHz
overvoltage protection at all pins
reverse-voltage protection at VDD-pin
magnetic characteristics are robust against mechani-
cal stress effects
short-circuit protected open-drain output by thermal
shut down
constant switching points over a wide supply voltage
range
ideal sensor for applications in extreme automotive
and industrial environments
EMC and ESD optimized design
1.2. Family Overview
The types differ according to the magnetic flux density
values for the switching points and the mode of switch-
ing.
Type Switching
Behavior Sensitivity see
Page
621 bipolar very high 12
629 unipolar medium 14
Note: The HAL629 is the improved successor of the
HAL 628 with the same magnetic characteristics.
Bipolar Switching Sensors:
The output turns low with the magnetic south pole on the
branded side of the package and turns high with the
magnetic north pole on the branded side. The output
state is not defined for all sensors if the magnetic field is
removed again. Some sensors will change the output
state and some sensors will not.
Unipolar Switching Sensors:
The output turns low with the magnetic south pole on the
branded side of the package and turns high if the mag-
netic field is removed. The sensor does not respond to
the magnetic north pole on the branded side.
HAL62x
4 Micronas
1.3. Marking Code
All Hall sensors have a marking on the package surface
(branded side). This marking includes the name of the
sensor and the temperature range.
Type Temperature Range
A K E
HAL621 621A 621K 621E
HAL629 629A 629K 629E
1.3.1. Special Marking of Prototype Parts
Prototype parts are coded with an underscore beneath
the temperature range letter on each IC. They may be
used for lab experiments and design-ins but are not in-
tended to be used for qualification tests or as production
parts.
1.4. Operating Junction Temperature Range
The Hall sensors from Micronas are specified to the chip
temperature (junction temperature TJ).
A: TJ = 40 °C to +170 °C
K: TJ = 40 °C to +140 °C
E: TJ = 40 °C to +100 °C
The relationship between ambient temperature (TA) and
junction temperature is explained in section 5.1. on page
16.
1.5. Hall Sensor Package Codes
Type: 62x
HALXXXPA-T Temperature Range: A, K, or E
Package: SF for SOT-89B
UA for TO-92UA
Type: 629
Package: TO-92UA
Temperature Range: TJ = 40 °C to +100 °C
Example: HAL629UA-E
Hall sensors are available in a wide variety of packaging
versions and quantities. For more detailed information,
please refer to the brochure: Ordering Codes for Hall
Sensors.
1.6. Solderability
all packages: according to IEC68-2-58
During soldering reflow processing and manual rework-
ing, a component body temperature of 260 °C should not
be exceeded.
Components stored in the original packaging should
provide a shelf life of at least 12 months, starting from the
date code printed on the labels, even in environments as
extreme as 40 °C and 90% relative humidity.
OUT
GND
3
2
1VDD
Fig. 1–1: Pin configuration
HAL62x
5Micronas
2. Functional Description
The HAL62x sensors are monolithic integrated circuits
which switch in response to magnetic fields. If a magnet-
ic flux perpendicular to the sensitive area is applied to
the sensor, the Hall plate generates a Hall voltage pro-
portional to this field.
The total voltage which appears at the Hall plate is in-
fluenced by offset voltages (e. g. caused by mechanical
stress). This offset voltage is compensated for by cyclic
commutation of the connections for current flow and
voltage measurement which makes the switching offset
compensation technique possible. Therefore, an inter-
nal oscillator provides a clock. The output voltage of the
switched Hall plate contains the Hall voltage as a DC or
low frequency signal and the offset voltage as an AC sig-
nal at the chopper frequency . The following chopper sta-
bilized low-pass filter supresses the offset voltage and
the output signal is the offset compensated Hall voltage.
The following comparator block compares this offset
compensated Hall voltage with the defined switching
points. The output transistor is switched on when the
magnetic field becomes larger than the operating point
BON. It remains in this state as long as the magnetic field
does not fall below the release point BOFF. If the magnet-
ic field falls below BOFF, the transistor is switched off until
the magnetic field once again exceeds BON. The built-in
hysteresis eliminates oscillation.
According to the principle of the circuit, there is a fixed
delay time tdelay of typical 25 ms from crossing the mag-
netic thresholds to the switching of the output (see Fig.
22).
The temperature-dependent bias regulates the supply
voltage of the Hall plates and adjusts the switching
points to the decreasing induction of magnets at higher
temperatures.
The output is short circuit protected by limiting high cur-
rents and by sensing overtemperature. Shunt protection
devices clamp voltage peaks at the Output-pin and VDD-
pin together with external series resistors. Reverse cur-
rent is limited at the VDD-pin by an internal series resistor
up to 15 V. No external reverse protection diode is
needed at the VDD-pin for reverse voltages ranging from
0 V to 15 V.
Temperature
Dependent
Bias
Switch
Hysteresis
Control
Comparator Output
VDD
1
OUT
3
Clock
Hall Plate
GND
2
HAL62x
Fig. 21: HAL62x block diagram
Short Circuit &
Overvoltage
Protection
Reverse
Voltage &
Overvoltage
Protection
LP
Fig. 22: Timing diagram
B
BON
VO
t
t
BOFF
tdelay
HAL62x
6 Micronas
3. Specifications
3.1. Outline Dimensions
Fig. 31:
Plastic Small Outline Transistor Package
(SOT-89B)
Weight approximately 0.035 g
Dimensions in mm
4.55
1.7
min.
0.25
2.55
0.40.4
0.4
1.5
3.0
0.06±0.04
branded side
SPGS0022-5-A3/2E
y
123
4±0.2
0.15
0.3 2
0.2
sensitive are
a
top view
1.15
3.2. Dimensions of Sensitive Area
0.12 mm x 0.12 mm
3.3. Positions of Sensitive Areas
SOT-89B TO-92UA
xcenter of
the package center of
the package
y0.975 mm nominal 1.0 mm nominal
Fig. 32:
Plastic Transistor Single Outline Package
(TO-92UA)
Weight approximately 0.12 g
Dimensions in mm
0.75±0.2
3.1±0.2
0.55
branded side
0.36
0.8
0.3
45°
y
14.0
min.
1.271.27
2.54
123
0.42
4.06±0.1
3.05±0.1
0.48
SPGS7002-9-A/2E
0.4
sensitive area
1.5
Note: For all package diagrams, a mechanical tolerance
of ±0.05 mm applies to all dimensions where no tolerance
is explicitly given.
An improvement of the TO-92UA package with reduced
tolerances will be introduced end of 2001.
HAL62x
7Micronas
3.4. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Max. Unit
VDD Supply Voltage 115 281) V
VPTest Voltage for Supply 1242) V
IDD Reverse Supply Current 1501) mA
IDDZ Supply Current through
Protection Device 12003) 2003) mA
VOOutput Voltage 30.3 281) V
IOContinuous Output On Current 3501) mA
IOmax Peak Output On Current 32503) mA
IOZ Output Current through
Protection Device 32003) 2003) mA
TSStorage Temperature Range5) 65 150 °C
TJJunction Temperature Range 40
40 150
1704) °C
1) as long as TJmax is not exceeded
2) with a 220 series resistance at pin 1 (see Fig. 49)
3) t<2 ms
4) t<1000h
5) Components stored in the original packaging should provide a shelf life of at least 12 months, starting from the
date code printed on the labels, even in environments as extreme as 40 °C and 90% relative humidity.
Stresses beyond those listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This
is a stress rating only . Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the
Recommended Operating Conditions/Characteristics of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maxi-
mum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
3.5. Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Max. Unit
VDD Supply Voltage 1 4.2 24 V
IOContinuous Output On Current 3 0 20 mA
VOOutput Voltage
(output switched off) 3 0 24 V
HAL62x
8 Micronas
3.6. Electrical Characteristics at TJ = 40 °C to +170 °C , VDD = 4.2 V to 24 V , as not otherwise specified in Conditions
Typical Characteristics for TJ = 25 °C and VDD = 12 V
Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions
IDD Supply Current 1 3.6 4.5 5.4 mA TJ= 25 °C
IDD Supply Current over
Temperature Range 1 2.2 4.5 7.2 mA
VDDZ Overvoltage Protection
at Supply 128.5 32.5 V IDD = 25 mA , TJ = 25 °C,
t = 20 ms
VOZ Overvoltage Protection at Output 328 32.5 V IOH = 25 mA , TJ = 25 °C,
t = 20 ms
VOL Output Voltage 3160 280 mV IOL = 20 mA, TJ= 25 °C
VOL Output Voltage over
Temperature Range 3160 400 mV IOL = 20 mA
IOH Output Leakage Current 30.01 0.1 µAOutput switched off,
TJ = 25 °C, VOH 24 V
IOH Output Leakage Current over
Temperature Range 3 10 µAOutput switched of f,
TJ 150 °C, VOH 24V
fosc Internal Oscillator
Chopper Frequency 360 kHz TJ = 25 °C
tdDelay Time between Switching
Threshold DB and Edge of Out-
put over Temperature Range
25 µsB > BON + 4 mT or
B < BOFF 4 mT
ten(O) Enable Time of Output after
Setting of VDD 330 70 µs VDD = 12 V
B > BON + 2 mT or
B < BOFF 2 mT
trOutput Rise T ime 30.07 0.4 µs VDD = 12 V, RL = 820 Ohm,
CL = 20 pF
tfOutput Fall T ime 30.05 0.4 µs VDD = 12 V, RL = 820 Ohm,
CL = 20 pF
RthJSB
case
SOT-89B
Thermal Resistance Junction
to Substrate Backside 150 200 K/W Fiberglass Substrate
30 mm x 10 mm x 1.5mm,
pad size see Fig. 33
RthJA
case
TO-92UA
Thermal Resistance Junction
to Soldering Point 150 200 K/W
HAL62x
9Micronas
3.7. Magnetic Characteristics Overview at TJ = 40 °C to +170 °C, VDD = 4.2 V to 24 V,
Typical Characteristics for VDD = 12 V
Magnetic flux density values of switching points.
Positive flux density values refer to the magnetic south pole at the branded side of the package.
Sensor Parameter On point BON Off point BOFF Hysteresis BHYS Unit
Switching Type TJMin. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
HAL621 40 °C1 1.2 4 30.7 2 1 1.9 3 mT
bipolar 25 °C1 1.4 4 30.6 2 1 2 3 mT
170 °C1 1.6 4 30.4 2 1 1.9 3 mT
HAL629 40 °C 14.5 17.6 20.5 12.5 15.7 20 1 1.9 3 mT
unipolar 25 °C 14 17 20 12 15 19 1 2 3 mT
170 °C 11.5 15.6 19.2 10 13.7 17.2 1 1.9 3 mT
Note: For detailed descriptions of the individual types, see pages 12 and following.
Fig. 33: Recommended pad size SOT-89B
Dimensions in mm
5.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
HAL62x
10 Micronas
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
20
1510 5 0 5 101520253035
V
mA
VDD
IDD TA = 40 °C
TA = 25 °C
TA=100 °C
25 HAL62x
Fig. 34: Typical supply current
versus supply voltage
TA=170 °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1234567
V
mA
VDD
IDD
HAL62x
Fig. 35: Typical supply current
versus supply voltage
TA = 40 °C
TA = 25 °C
TA=100 °C
TA=170 °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
50 0 50 100 150 200°C
mA
TA
IDD
VDD = 4.2 V
VDD = 12 V
VDD = 24 V
HAL62x
Fig. 36: Typical supply current
versus ambient temperature
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
50 0 50 100 150 200°C
mV
TA
VOL
HAL62x
Fig. 37: Typical output low voltage
versus ambient temperature
IO = 20 mA
VDD = 4.2 V
VDD = 12 V
VDD = 24 V
HAL62x
11Micronas
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 V
mV
VDD
VOL
IO = 20 mA
HAL62x
Fig. 38: Typical output low voltage
versus supply voltage
TA = 40 °C
TA = 25 °C
TA=100 °C
TA=170 °C
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 V
mV
VDD
VOL
IO = 20 mA
HAL62x
Fig. 39: Typical output low voltage
versus supply voltage
TA = 40 °C
TA = 25 °C
TA=100 °C
TA=170 °C
15 20 25 30 35 V
mA
VOH
IOH
TA=40 °C
TA=170 °C
TA=150 °C
TA=100 °C
TA=25 °C
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
101
102
103
104HAL62x
Fig. 310: Typical output leakage current
versus output voltage
50 0 50 100 150 200°C
µA
TA
IOH
105
104
103
102
101
100
101
102HAL62x
Fig. 311: Typical output leakage current
versus ambient temperature
VO = 24 V
HAL621
12 Micronas
4. Type Description
4.1. HAL621
The HAL621 is a very sensitive bipolar switching sensor
(see Fig. 41).
The output turns low with the magnetic south pole on the
branded side of the package and turns high with the
magnetic north pole on the branded side. The output
state is not defined for all sensors if the magnetic field is
removed again. Some sensors will change the output
state and some sensors will not.
For correct functioning in the application, the sensor re-
quires both magnetic polarities (north and south) on the
branded side of the package.
Magnetic Features:
switching type: bipolar
very high sensitivity
typical BON: 1.4 mT at room temperature
typical BOFF: 0.6 mT at room temperature
operates with static magnetic fields and dynamic mag-
netic fields up to 15 kHz
Applications
The HAL 621 is the optimal sensor for all applications
with alternating magnetic signals and weak magnetic
amplitude at the sensor position such as:
applications with large airgap or weak magnets,
rotating speed measurement,
crank shaft sensors,
CAM shaft sensors, and
magnetic encoders.
Fig. 41: Definition of magnetic switching points for
the HAL621
BHYS
Output Voltage
0BOFF BON
VOL
VO
B
Magnetic Characteristics at TJ = 40 °C to +170 °C, VDD = 4.2 V to 24 V,
Typical Characteristics for VDD = 12 V
Magnetic flux density values of switching points.
Positive flux density values refer to the magnetic south pole at the branded side of the package.
Parameter On point BON Off point BOFF Hysteresis BHYS Magnetic Offset BOFFSET Unit
TJMin. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
40 °C1 1.2 4 30.7 2 1 1.9 3 0.2 mT
25 °C1 1.4 4 30.6 2 1 2 3 0.4 mT
100 °C1 1.4 4 30.5 2 1 1.9 3 0.4 mT
140 °C1 1.5 4 30.4 2 1 1.9 3 0.5 mT
170 °C1 1.6 4 30.4 2 1 1.9 3 0.6 mT
The hysteresis is the difference between the switching points BHYS = BON BOFF
The magnetic offset is the mean value of the switching points BOFFSET = (BON + BOFF) / 2
HAL621
13Micronas
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
0 5 10 15 20 25 V
mT
VDD
BON
BOFF
HAL621
BON
BOFF
Fig. 42: Typ. magnetic switching points
versus supply voltage
TA = 40 °C
TA = 25 °C
TA = 100 °C
TA = 150 °C
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 V
mT
VDD
BON
BOFF
HAL621
BON
BOFF
Fig. 43: Typ. magnetic switching points
versus supply voltage
TA = 40 °C
TA = 25 °C
TA = 100 °C
TA = 150 °C
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
50 0 50 100 150 200°C
mT
TA
BON
BOFF BON
BOFF
HAL621
Fig. 44: Typ. magnetic switching points
versus temperature
VDD = 4.2 V
VDD = 12 V
VDD = 24 V
HAL629
14 Micronas
4.2. HAL629
The HAL629 is an unipolar switching sensor (see
Fig. 45). The HAL629 is the improved successor of the
HAL628 with the same magnetic characteristics.
The output turns low with the magnetic south pole on the
branded side of the package and turns high if the mag-
netic field is removed. The sensor does not respond to
the magnetic north pole on the branded side.
For correct functioning in the application, the sensor re-
quires only the magnetic south pole on the branded side
of the package.
Magnetic Features:
switching type: unipolar
medium sensitivity
typical BON: 17 mT at room temperature
typical BOFF: 15 mT at room temperature
operates with static magnetic fields and dynamic mag-
netic fields up to 15 kHz
typical temperature coefficient of magnetic switching
points is 600 ppm/K
Applications
The HAL629 is the optimal sensor for applications with
one magnetic polarity such as:
solid state switches,
contactless solution to replace micro switches,
position and end point detection, and
rotating speed measurement.
BHYS
Output Voltage
0B
OFF BON
VOL
VO
B
Fig. 45: Definition of magnetic switching points for
the HAL629
Magnetic Characteristics at TJ = 40 °C to +170 °C, VDD = 4.2 V to 24 V,
Typical Characteristics for VDD = 12 V
Magnetic flux density values of switching points.
Positive flux density values refer to the magnetic south pole at the branded side of the package.
Parameter On point BON Off point BOFF Hysteresis BHYS Magnetic Offset Unit
TJMin. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
40 °C 14.5 17.6 20.5 12.5 15.7 20 1 1.9 3 16.6 mT
25 °C 14 17 20 12 15 19 1 2 3 16 mT
100 °C 12.7 16.3 19.6 11 14.4 18.1 1 1.9 3 15.4 mT
140 °C 12.1 15.9 19.4 10.4 14 17.6 1 1.9 3 15 mT
170 °C 11.5 15.6 19.2 10 13.7 17.2 1 1.9 3 14.6 mT
The hysteresis is the difference between the switching points BHYS = BON BOFF
The magnetic offset is the mean value of the switching points BOFFSET = (BON + BOFF) / 2
HAL629
15Micronas
0
5
10
15
20
0 5 10 15 20 25 V
mT
VDD
BON
BOFF
HAL629
BON
BOFF
Fig. 46: Typ. magnetic switching points
versus supply voltage
TA = 40 °C
TA = 25 °C
TA = 100 °C
TA = 150 °C
0
5
10
15
20
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 V
mT
VDD
BON
BOFF
HAL629
BON
BOFF
Fig. 47: Typ. magnetic switching points
versus supply voltage
TA = 40 °C
TA = 25 °C
TA = 100 °C
TA = 150 °C
0
5
10
15
20
50 0 50 100 150 200°C
mT
TA
BON
BOFF BON
BOFF
HAL629
Fig. 48: Typ. magnetic switching points
versus temperature
VDD = 4.2 V
VDD = 12 V
VDD = 24 V
HAL62x
16 Micronas
5. Application Notes
5.1. Ambient Temperature
Due to the internal power dissipation, the temperature
on the silicon chip (junction temperature TJ) is higher
than the temperature outside the package (ambient tem-
perature TA).
TJ = TA + T
At static conditions, the following equation is valid:
T = IDD * VDD * Rth
For typical values, use the typical parameters. For worst
case calculation, use the max. parameters for IDD and
Rth, and the max. value for VDD from the application.
For all sensors, the junction temperature range TJ is
specified. The maximum ambient temperature TAmax
can be calculated as:
TAmax = TJmax T
5.2. Start-up Behavior
Due to the active offset compensation, the sensors have
an initialization time (enable time ten(O)) after applying
the supply voltage. The parameter ten(O) is specified in
the Electrical Characteristics (see page 8).
During the initialization time, the output state is not de-
fined and the output can toggle. After ten(O), the output
will be low if the applied magnetic field B is above BON.
The output will be high if B is below BOFF.
For magnetic fields between BOFF and BON, the output
state of the HAL sensor after applying VDD will be either
low or high. In order to achieve a well-defined output
state, the applied magnetic field must be above BONmax,
respectively, below BOFFmin.
Micronas GmbH
Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19
D-79108 Freiburg (Germany)
P.O. Box 840
D-79008 Freiburg (Germany)
Tel. +49-761-517-0
Fax +49-761-517-2174
E-mail: docservice@micronas.com
Internet: www.micronas.com
Printed in Germany
by Systemdruck+V erlags-GmbH, Freiburg (02/2001)
Order No. 6251-504-2DS
5.3. EMC and ESD
For applications with disturbances on the supply line or
radiated disturbances, a series resistor and a capacitor
are recommended (see figure 49). The series resistor
and the capacitor should be placed as closely as pos-
sible to the sensor.
Applications with this arrangement passed the EMC
tests according to the product standards DIN 40839.
Note: The international standard ISO 7637 is similar to
the used product standard DIN 40839.
Please contact Micronas for the detailed investigation
reports with the EMC and ESD results.
OUT
GND
3
2
1V
DD
4.7 nF
VEMC
VP
RV
220
RL1.2 k
20 pF
Fig. 49: Test circuit for EMC investigations
6. Data Sheet History
1. Final data sheet: HAL621, HAL629, Hall Ef fect
Sensor Family, Feb. 3, 2000, 6251-504-1DS.
First release of the final data sheet.
2. Final data sheet: HAL621, HAL629, Hall Ef fect
Sensor Family, Feb. 5, 2001, 6251-504-2DS.
Second release of the final data sheet. Major
changes:
position of sensitive area in SOT-89B package
changed
All information and data contained in this data sheet are without any
commitment, are not to be considered as an offer for conclusion of a
contract, nor shall they be construed as to create any liability . Any new
issue of this data sheet invalidates previous issues. Product availability
and delivery are exclusively subject to our respective order confirma-
tion form; the same applies to orders based on development samples
delivered. By this publication, Micronas GmbH does not assume re-
sponsibility for patent infringements or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use.
Further, Micronas GmbH reserves the right to revise this publication
and to make changes to its content, at any time, without obligation to
notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on
a retrieval system, or transmitted without the express written consent
of Micronas GmbH.