PREVIOUS DATA Flat panel sensors C7942CA-02 C7943CA-02 Large photodiode area (C7942CA-02: 120 x 120 mm, C7943CA-02: 124.8 x 124.8 mm) The C7942CA-02 and C7943CA-02 are compact, light-weight digital X-ray image sensors developed as a key device for non-destructive inspection, biochemical imaging, and X-ray microscopy. High-resolution, high-definition digital X-ray images can be acquired in real time. Features Applications C7942CA-02: 2400 x 2400 pixels C7943CA-02: 1248 x 1248 pixels 12-bit digital output Non-destructive inspection Digital X-ray photography High-speed imaging: C7942CA-02: 2 frames/s (single operation) 9 frames/s (4 x 4 binning) C7943CA-02: 7 frames/s (single operation) 30 frames/s (4 x 4 binning) Low noise and wide dynamic range Structure (C7942CA-02) The C7942CA-02 is comprised of a sensor board and a control board. Mounted on the sensor board is a CMOS image sensor chip made up of a towdimensional photodiode array, row-scanning vertical shift register, and 8 charge amplifier arrays. Each charge amplifier array has a horizontal shift register and consists of 300 ch charge amplifiers with CDS circuit. A CsI scintillator plate is mounted on the two-dimensional photodiode array. X-rays incident on the scintillator are converted to fluorescence, which then enters the two-dimensional photodiode array where electric charge is accumulated in each pixel according to the light intensity. The accumulated charge on each row is sequentially selected by the row-scanning vertical shift register, transferred to the amplifiers through the data line, and converted to a voltage signal. Then an analog signal is sent out from each amplifier array by scanning the horizontal shift register. The control board converts the analog signal into a 12-bit digital signal, which is then sent to a frame grabber board as a 12-bit parallel output through one port. 2339 2400 2401 4799 4800 Photodiode array CsI scintillator 5759999 Charge amp array No. 1 (with horizontal shift register, 300 ch) Vertical shift register Sensor board Pixel number 1 2 5760000 External power supply A.vdd, D.vdd, V(7.5) (not attached) IntExt Binning (bin0, bin1) Oscillator Timing pulse generator Charge amp array No. 8 (with horizontal shift register, 300 ch) ExtTrgLemo ExtTrgGrb Vsync Hsync Pclk Bias generator Buffer amp Processing amp A/D FIFO Buffer amp Processing amp A/D FIFO Video output (12-bit digital) Control board Note: Signals are read out in order of pixel number. www.hamamatsu.com KACCC0216 KACCC0216EB 1 Flat panel sensors C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02 General ratings Parameter Pixel size Photodiode area Number of pixels Number of active pixels Readout Video output (Data1-12) Output data rate Synchronous signal (Vsync, Hsync, Pclk) bin0/1, ExtTrgGrb, ExtTrgLemo, IntExt Scintillator C7942CA-02 C7943CA-02 50 x 50 100 x 100 120 x 120 124.8 x 124.8 2400 x 2400 1248 x 1248 2240 x 2344 1216 x 1220 Charge amplifier array RS-422 (differential), 12-bit 15.15 RS-422 (differential) TTL CsI Unit m mm pixels pixels MHz - Absolute maximum ratings (Ta=25 C) Parameter Supply voltage for digital circuitry (+5 V) Supply voltage for analog circuitry (+5 V) Supply voltage for analog circuitry (7.5 V) Input voltage (bin0/1, ExtTrgGrb, ExtTrgLemo, IntExt) Operating temperature *1 Storage temperature *1 Incident X-ray energy *1: No condensation Symbol D.vdd A.vdd V(7.5) Vin Topr Tstg - Value +6.0 +6.0 12 0 to 6.0 0 to +35 0 to +50 100 Unit V V V V C C kVp Specifications [Ta=25 C, A.vdd= 5.0 V, D.vdd= 5.0 V, V(7.5)= 7.5 V] Symbol Frame rate (single operation) Frame rate (2 x 2 binning) Frame rate (4 x 4 binning) Sf(int) - Min. 1.9 - Frame rate external (single operation) Sf(ext) - N(rms) Noise (rms) *2 Saturation charge Csat Sensitivity *3 S 20 Resolution *4 Reso 6 Dynamic range Defect line *5 Blemish *6 Non-uniformity of sensitivity *6 Defect cluster *6 Bright line output adjacent to a defect line *6 6 Output offset * *2: Internal trigger mode, single operation *3: at 80 kVp without filter *4: Spatial frequency at CTF=5 % *5: A defect line is a horizontal or vertical line containing 4 or more cosecutive pixels located at the opposite side of an amplifier array or a shift register, that produce 1/8 of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. Adjacent defective lines are not allowed in the vertical or horizontal directions. *6: See P. 7, 8, "Description of terms" *7: Average of all effective pixels in single operation at Sf(int) Note: X-ray energy range is 20 k to 100 kVp. C7942CA-02 Typ. 2 4 9 Sf(int) to 0.1 1100 2.2 25 8 2000 Not allowed Max. - Min. 6.65 - - - 20 600 4 22.4 4 - - 120 - 65 200 - C7943CA-02 Typ. 7 15 30 Sf(int) to 0.1 2300 10 28 5 4300 Not allowed Unit Max. - frames/s frames/s frames/s - frames/s 10 600 4 electrons M electrons LSB/mR line pairs/mm lines m % - - 120 % 65 200 LSB Resolution [Ta=25 C, A.vdd=5.0 V, D.vdd=5.0 V, V (7.5 V)=7.5 V] 100 90 80 70 CTF (%) Parameter 60 50 40 30 C7942CA-02 C7943CA-02 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Spatial frequency (line pairs/mm) KACCB0135EB 2 Flat panel sensors C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02 Timing chart Internal trigger mode To acquire images through a frame grabber board, write parameters in the software program or parameter file by referring to the following timing chart and description. 1 frame (Tvc) Dummy lines Vsync+ (grabber) 1st row 2nd row Tvdpw He 1st row 2nd row Last row All pulses are counted in the "High" period of Hsync+. Hsync+ (grabber) Enlarged view Vsync+ (grabber) 1st row 2nd row Hsync+ (grabber) Phe Pg Phe Phd Phe Phd Pclk+ (grabber) All pulses are counted at the riging edge of Pclk+. The effective video output is only included in the "Phe" period. KACCC0362EC Count Parameter Effective line Dummy line Effective pixel Dummy pixel He Phe Phd Pg Single operation (1 x 1) 2344 56 2240 160 526 21 C7942CA-02 2x2 binning 1172 28 1120 80 1726 21 4x4 binning 586 14 560 40 2326 21 Single operation (1 x 1) 1220 28 1216 32 334 27 C7943CA-02 2x2 binning 610 14 608 16 958 27 4x4 binning 305 7 304 8 1270 27 Note: "He" is the Hsync count. Phe, Phd and Pg are the Pclk count. External trigger mode To acquire images in external trigger mode, input an external trigger pulse as shown below. When the time Tvd has passed after the rising edge of the external trigger pulse, synchronous signals and video signals are obtained. When used in synchronization with a pulsed X-ray source, X-rays should be irradiated during the Txray period. 36-pin receptacle Mode Pin No. 15 Pin No. 33 (ExtTrgGrb) (IntExt) Internal trigger (Input signal is Low mode ignored.) Rectangular signal External trigger (See the right figure.) High mode High or Open 2-pin receptacle Pin No. 1 (ExtTrgLemo) (Input signal is ignored.) Frame time (Tvc to Tmax) Recommendation: 50 % of frame time ExtTrgGrb (TTL) Tvd Vsync+ (LVDS) Tvc - Tvdpw Txray Tvl High or Open Rectangular signal (See the right figure.) Hsync+, Pclk+ and effective video output are the same as internal trigger mode. * Tmax is defined as the reciprocal of the minimum value of Sf(ext). * Txray = Frame time - Tvd - (Tvc - Tvdpw) * Tvl = Frame time - (Tvc - Tvdpw) KACCC0393EB (Typ.) Parameter Vsync Delay time (only external trigger mode) Cycle time (internal trigger mode) Pulse width of Vsync+ in low period (internal trigger mode) C7942CA-02 C7943CA-02 Symbol Single 2x2 4x4 Single 2x2 4x4 operation binning binning operation binning binning Tvd 390 390 390 210 210 210 Tvc 470 230 117 130 66 33 Tvdpw 770 770 770 420 420 420 Unit s ms s Note: The numbers of significant figures is two. (except Tvc) 3 Flat panel sensors C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02 Accessories O Power cable (terminated with an FGG.2B.307.CLAD92Z plug at one end and open at the other end; 2 m; see Table 2.) O External trigger cable (terminated with an FFA.0S.302.CLAC37 plug at one end and open at the other end; 5 m; see Table 3.) O Earth cable (AWG18; 4 m) The image acquisition software and image processing libraries are excluded from the flat panel sensor. System requirements To operate the C7942CA-02 and C7943CA-02 at full performance, the following system and peripherals are required. O PC: IBM compatible PC running on Windows XP O Frame grabber board: Monochrome 16 bits or more, pixel clock 16 MHz or more, RS-422 interface synchronous signal * See the frame grabber board manual. * Operation of the C7942CA-02 and C7943CA-02 has been verified with the following frame grabber boards. C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02: IMAQ PCI-1424 (NI parts No.777662-01 *8) + Optional memory 64 MB (NI parts No.920130-64 *8) C7943CA-02: IMAQ PCI-1422 (NI parts No.777959-01 *8) * You can utilize the demonstration software that comes with the frame grabber board as a simple viewer, to acquire and save an image. Refer to the frame grabber board user's guide for how to use the camera information file for the demonstration software. O Power source: A.vdd = +5.0 0.1 V (700 mA), D.vdd = +5.0 0.1 V (1000 mA), V(7.5 V) = 7.5 V 0.5 V (100 mA) * The voltages described above are specified at the flat panel sensor side. The impedance of the power cable attached with the flat panel sensor is low enough but it causes 0.1 V approx. drop. Therefore the voltage at the power source side should be set 0.1 V higher than the voltage specified above. * Please use a low noise series power supply. (Avoid using a switching power supply.) * Install a noise filter on the AC power input line to prevent surges on the AC line. * Always ground the ground terminal to avoid the effects of noise from peripheral devices. O Frame grabber board cable (sold separately, see P. 8.): For synchronous signal, video output and external control (see Table 1.) *8: Made by NI (National Instruments Corporation) [Table 1] Pin assignment of 36-pin receptacle Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Signal Data12+ (MSB) Data11+ Data10+ Data9+ Data8+ Data7+ Data6+ Data5+ Data4+ Data3+ Data2+ Data1+ (LSB) bin0 (TTL) bin1 (TTL) ExtTrgGrb (TTL) Vsync+ Hsync+ Pclk+ Pin No. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Signal Data12- (MSB) Data11Data10Data9Data8Data7Data6Data5Data4Data3Data2Data1- (LSB) GND GND IntExt (TTL) VsyncHsyncPclk- Unless otherwise noted, signal level is RS-422. 36-pin receptacle: TX20A-36R-D2GF1-A1L made by JAE (Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, limited) Mating plug: TX20A-36PH1-D2P1-D1E made by JAE (Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, limited) 4 Flat panel sensors C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02 [Table 2] Power pin assignment and cable color Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Shield Color Brown Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple - Signal +7.5 V Analog GND -7.5 V Analog GND Analog +5 V Digital GND Digital +5 V Analog GND 7-pin power receptacle: ECG.2B.307.CLV made by LEMO S.A. Mating power plug: FGG.2B.307.CLAD92Z made by LEMO S.A. [Table 3] External trigger pin assignment and cable color Pin No. 1 2 Shield Color Red Black - Signal ExtTrgLemo (TTL) Signal GND Analog GND 2-pin receptacle: ECP.0S.302.CLL made by LEMO S.A Mating plug: FFA.0S.302.CLAC37 made by LEMO S.A. Binning mode The C7942CA-02 and C7943CA-02 have binning mode for reading out signals from multiple pixels at a time. The binning mode setting can be changed by using I/O port. [Table 4] Binning mode setting (Grabber interface: 36-pin receptacle) Operating mode Single operation (1 x 1) 2 x 2 binning 4 x 4 binning Pin No. No. 13 (bin0) Low High High No. 14 (bin1) Low Low High 5 Flat panel sensors C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02 Connection Install the frame grabber board into the PC by the manufacturer's instructions. When a general-purpose frame grabber board with I/O control is used, the binning mode or trigger mode can be set by controlling bin0, bin1, IntExt, and ExtTrgGrb through the I/O line. OS + image acquisition software Video output (12-bit digital) Vsync, Hsync, Pclk Frame grabber board X-ray source PC/AT (Rear view) Binning (bin0, bin1) IntExt ExtTrgGrb Monitor ExtTrgLemo CMOS FLAT PANEL SENSOR C794*CA-02 Voltage source [A.vdd, D.vdd, V(7.5)] C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02 KACCC0217ED Dimensional outline (unit: mm, tolerance: 1 mm unless otherwise noted) 200 28 C 150 * 17 * 57 EXT.TRIG 165 * 15 E 12 (4 x) M3 depth 4 37 POWER CMOS FLAT PANEL SENSOR C794*CA-02 Active area B 27 * 46 DIGITAL OUT D Active area A (0, 0) 198 4 10 43 Scintillator to top cover 8.3 * CMOS FLAT PANEL SENSOR C794*CA-02 12 Top cover is made of aluminum 1.0 mm thick. Weight: 2.4 kg * 0.5 mm 127 * 33 * C7942CA-02 C7943CA-02 A 112 121.6 B 117.2 122 C 33.5 31.1 D 22.9 20.5 E (2239, 2343) (1215, 1219) KACCA0135ED 6 Flat panel sensors C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02 Notice * Do not subject the flat panel sensors to strong vibration or shock. (Strong shock such as drop impacts may cause permanent damage to these sensors.) * Users must take responsibility for implementing X-ray shielding safety measures to avoid the risk of X-ray exposure. * Data listed in this datasheet is defined at the time of shipment. Characteristics may vary somewhat due to exposure to X-rays so take proper coutermeasures such as making periodic image correction. * This product is warranted for a period of 12 months after the date of the shipment. The warranty is limited to make a replacement or repair of any defective product due to defects in workmanship or materials used in manufacture. The warranty does not cover loss or damage caused by natural disaster, misuse (including modifications and any use not complying with the environment, application, usage and storage conditions described in this datasheet), or total radiation dose over 1 million Roentgen (incident X-ray energy: less than 100 kVp) even within the warranty period. * As described above, flat panel sensors have limited resistance to radiation. This must be taken into account when using a flat panel sensor under continuous irradiation (in-line non-destructive inspection, etc.) When using flat panel sensors in non-destructive inspection equipment, please contact us and provide information such as irradiation conditions. C7942CA-02 and C7943CA-02 conform to European EMC directives: EN61326 Class A Description of terms Blemish Length of pixel cluster which has less sensitivity than 90 % of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. Bright line output adjacent to a defect line Column The relative sensitivity ratio "a/b" should be 120 % or less for both vertical and horizontal lines, where "a" and "b" are defined as follows: A B C D E F G H I Note that the average sensitivity of the bright line is calculated from the region adjacent to the defect region in the defect line. Example: See the right figure. Defect region in defect line: From pixel (J, 1) to pixel (J, 15) a: Average sensitivity from pixel (I, 1) to pixel (I, 15) or from pixel (K, 1) to pixel (K, 15) b: Average sensitivity from pixel (H, 1) to pixel (H, 15) or from pixel (L, 1) to pixel (L, 15) Row a: Average sensitivity of bright line (Line A) adjacent to defect line b: Average sensitivity of standard line (Line B) adjacent to Line A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 J K L M N O P Q R S Line B (Column H, L) Line A (Column I, K) Defect line (Column J) KACCC0385EB Defect cluster Formed with more than 3 x 3 pixels which have less sensitivity than 1/8 of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. This is defined as defect cluster. Normal pixel This is not defined as defect cluster. Defective pixel KACCC0384EB 7 Flat panel sensors C7942CA-02, C7943CA-02 Non-uniformity of sensitivity 16 x 16 segments are 16 x 16-divided active area excluded 1 mm from the whole edge. Xij is defined as the average sensitivity of each segment. Uniformity of sensitivity is calculated as following equation. Non-unifomity of sensitivity = x : standard deviation of 16 x 16 "Xij" x : average value of 16 x 16 "Xij" C7942CA-02 10 pixels 75 pixels 75 pixels 1 mm *********** 1 mm Active area Active area *********** 1 mm 1 mm *********** *********** *********** 10 pixels 75 pixels 75 pixels *********** *********** 1 mm 16 segments Active area 20 pixels 144 pixels 144 pixels *********** 16 segments 16 segments *********** 16 segments 20 144 pixels 144 pixels pixels *********** 10 75 pixels 71 pixels pixels 1 mm 10 75 pixels 75 pixels pixels 20 138 pixels 130 pixels pixels 1 mm 20 Pixels 138 pixels 138 pixels C7943CA-02 1 mm Active area KACCC0406EA KACCC0407EA Optional cables for frame grabber board Frame grabber board General-purpose IMAQ PCI-1424 *9 Cable type No. A8406-31 A8406-36 A8406-37 A8406-38 A8406-32 A8406-33 A8406-34 A8406-35 Cable length 5m 7m 10 m 12 m 5m 7m 10 m 12 m Cable end Open TX20A-36PH1-D2P1-D1E *10 PCS-XE100MA+ *11 *9: Made by NI (National Instruments Corporation) *10: Made by JAE (Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited) *11: Made by Honda Tsushin Kogyo Co. Ltd. Note: The detailed information for these optional cable is shown in the datasheet of the A8406 series. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. (c)2008 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Solid State Division 1126-1 Ichino-cho, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, 435-8558 Japan, Telephone: (81) 53-434-3311, Fax: (81) 53-434-5184 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P.O.Box 6910, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1) 908-231-0960, Fax: (1) 908-231-1218 Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49) 08152-3750, Fax: (49) 08152-2658 France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: 33-(1) 69 53 71 00, Fax: 33-(1) 69 53 71 10 United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44) 1707-294888, Fax: (44) 1707-325777 North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvagen 12, SE-171 41 Solna, Sweden, Telephone: (46) 8-509-031-00, Fax: (46) 8-509-031-01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39) 02-935-81-733, Fax: (39) 02-935-81-741 Cat. No. KACC1098E11 Jul. 2008 DN 8