OEE TeT APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION + APPLICATIONS HOTLINE 800 546-APEX (800-546-2739) FEATURES WIDE SUPPLY RANGE +15V to +150V PROGRAMMABLE OUTPUT CURRENT LIMIT HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT Up to +150mA LOW BIAS CURRENT FET Input PROTECTED OUTPUT STAGE Thermal Shutoff APPLICATIONS HIGH VOLTAGE INSTRUMENTATION ELECTROSTATIC TRANSDUCERS & DEFLECTION PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 290V ANALOG SIMULATORS DESCRIPTION The PAO8is a high voltage operational amplifier designed for output voltage swings of up to 145V with a dual (+) supply or 290V with a single supply. High accuracy is achieved with a cascode input circuit configuration. All internal biasing is refer- enced to a zener diode fed by a FET constant current source. As aresult, the PAQ8 features an unprecedented supply range and excellent supply rejection. The output stage is biased-on for linear operation. Internal phase compensation assures stability at all gain settings. The safe operating area (SOA) can be observed with all types of loads by choosing the appropriate current limiting resistors. For operation into inductive loads, two external flyback pulse protection diodes are recommended. A built-in thermal shutoff circuit prevents destructive overheat- ing. However, a heatsink may be necessary to maintain the proper case temperature under normal operating conditions. This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes beryllia (BeO) substrate, thick film resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top perfor- mance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO- 3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The use of thermal isolation washers and/or improper mounting torque will void the product warranty. Please see General Operating Considerations. EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC os Ror at a2 TYPICAL APPLICATION -132V A -132V ' ATE PIN DRIVER The PAO8 as a pin driver is capable of supplying high test voltages to a device under test (DUT). Due to the possibility of short circuits to any terminal of the DUT, current limit must be set to be safe when limiting with a supply to output voltage differential equal to the amplifier supply plus the largest magnitude voltage applied to any other pin of the DUT. In addition, flyback diodes are recommended when the output of the amplifier exits any equipment enclosure to prevent dam- age due to electrostatic discharges. Refer to Application Note 7 for details on accuracy considerations of this circuit. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS 5 (|+5| +|-vel) Ry /1.6 NOTE: Input offset voltage trim optional. Ry = 10KQ MAX APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION TEL + 602) 690-8600 FAX (6012) 888-2329 ORDERS (602) 690-8601 + TELEX 170631 APEX F.S.C. (602) 690-8606 E43PAO8 PAO8A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SPECIFICATIONS AB UTE MAXI RATIN SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +V, to -Vg, 300V SOL MUM GS OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA 200mA POWER DISSIPATION, internal at T, = 25C 17.5W INPUT VOLTAGE, differential +50V INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode Ve TEMPERATURE, pin solder - 10s max 300C TEMPERATURE, junction 200C TEMPERATURE RANGE, storage 65 to +150C OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case 55 to +125C SPECIFICATIONS PAOS PAO8A PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS? MIN TYP MAX | MIN TYP MAX | UNITS INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial To = 25C 5 +2 4.25 +5 mV OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature Ty, = 25C to +85C 415 +30 +5 +10 pVPC OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply To = 25C .5 * 2 pv/v OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. time Ty, = 25C +75 * uVANkh BIAS CURRENT, initial> Te = 25C 5 50 3 10 pA BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply T, = 25C 01 * pA/V OFFSET CURRENT, initial? Ty = 25C 2.5 +50 +15 +10 pA INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC T, = 25C 105 * MQ INPUT CAPACITANCE T, = 25C 4 . pF COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE | T, = 25C to +85C t+V.-10 . Vv COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC Ty = -25C to +85C, Voy = +90V 130 * dB GAIN OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz Ty = 25C, Rp = 118 * dB OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz T, = 25C, R, = 1.2K 96 111 * * dB GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT at 1MHz| T, = 25C, R, = 1.2KQ 5 * MHz POWER BANDWIDTH Ty = 25C, R, = 1.2KQ 90 * kHz PHASE MARGIN T, =-25 to +85C 60 * OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING* Ty, = 25C, Io = 150MA Vg-15 | +V5-8 * * V VOLTAGE SWING* Ty =-25 C to +85C, lg = +75MA = |+V5-10] +V,-5 * * Vv VOLTAGE SWING* Ty =-25 C to +85C, lo =+20MA_ | +V5-5 | +V,-3 * * V CURRENT, peak Ty = 85C . 150 * mA SLEW RATE To = 25C 30 20 * V/s CAPACITIVE LOAD, Ay = 1 T. = -25 to +85C 10 nF CAPACITIVE LOAD, Ay > 4 To = -25 10 +85C SOA . SETTLING TIME t9 1% Te = 25C, R.= 1.2KQ, 2V step 1 * us POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE T, = -55 to +125C 415 +100 | +150 * * * V CURRENT, quiescent Te = 25C 6 8.5 * * mA THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC junction to case T, = 55 to +125C, F > 60Hz 3.8 * C RESISTANCE, DC junction to case T, =55 to +125C, F < 60Hz 6.0 6.5 * * C/W RESISTANCE, junction to air T, = 55 to +125C 30 * C/W TEMPERATURE RANGE, case Meets full range specification 25 385 . * C NOTES: * The specification of PAO8A is identical to the specification for PAO8 in applicable column to the left. 1. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. aoRwnN The power supply voltage specified under typical (TYP) applies unless otherwise noted. Doubles for every 10C of temperature increase. +V, and -V, denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Rating appiies only if output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 6OHz. The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850C to avoid generating toxic fumes. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD + TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 USA + APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739 E44TYPICAL PERFORMANCE GRAPHS PAO8 PAO8A > POWER DERATING CURRENT LIMIT OPEN LOOP GAIN = 30 250 w@ 6 a 2 Zz = < Ri=t.2KQ 25 < > 4 = = 200 Z & 20 _ P~ Ro = 4.72 9 2 2 = 150 9 15 a a = 0 c bE g 2 100 p= z 6 10 Cc Po Ra = 102 572 a 3 . ae wi 2 5 Oo 50 ,| 24 Zz Ee fa s EO 0 UW _ Z 0 2 50 75 100 125 150 55 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 mr3050 100 150 200 250 300 TEMPERATURE, T(C) CASE TEMPERATURE, Tc (C) TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, Vs (V) SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE 0 PHASE RESPONSE POWER RESPONSE 12 300 + aw Ry =1.2KQ R.=1.2KQ > |+Vg5 | + [-Vg| = 300V @100 -30 sf 200 XN ~ 80 ~60 2 IN z ze up 100 s = 60 & ~90 g \ o w FE N, & 40 2-120 a 60 N 5 zx > S a9 -150 5 [+Ve| + EVs] = 100V)\ Gi a 30 XN 6 0 -180 2 \ -20 -210 15 1+ 10 100 1K 10K 1M 1M 1 0 10 14 : 50K 1M 2M 3M .5M.7M 1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) PULSE RESPONSE SLEW RATE _ INPUT NOISE 1.6 BH 20 x R,=1.2KO S15 = 4 w 1.4 Le 2 3 ui 2 E15 > 10 G =! wi << i oO oar) B10 x, 8 2 3 > 5 5 8 wo4 < 2 5 z 2 4 x 6 Zz oO Oo bE Vy = 5V, t, = 100ns z 5 -6 4 a 2 o 5 1 15 20 25 3050 100 150 200 250 300 = 40 100 1K 1 1M TIME, t (us) TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, Vs(V) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 440 COMMON MODE REJECTION a POWER SUPPLY REJECTION _ COMMON MODE VOLTAGE kos 3140 2300 + x ira = |+Vg| + EVs] = 300V 3120 i 120 3 200 Zz z - 5100 5 100 rat N 5 & < 100 s i 80 im 80 5 ui w Qo N\ > = 60 & 60 a 8 NJ Ww ~ a a az 9 S 40 a 40 = 2 2 F aot Vs! + Vel = 100V NK 6 20 a 20 g = wi = 5 0 Zz 0 S45 N 3 : 10K 20K 50K 1M 2M 5M 1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION + TEL (6112) 690-8600 FAN (602) 888-3229 ORDERS 1602) 690-8601 + TELEX 170631 + APEX F.S.C. (602) 690-8606 E45PAO8 PAO8A OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS GENERAL Please read the Generali Operating Considerations, which covers stability, supplies, heatsinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Additional information can be found in the application notes. For informa- tion on the package outline, heatsinks, and mounting hardware, see the Package Outlines and Accessories sections of the handbook. SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA) The output stage of most power amplifiers has two distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the transistor geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The second breakdown effect which occurs whenever the simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage exceeds specified limits. 200 150 fe 4. <a Z Hs = 2 "ng fy Spe & om a oS Se, R, + 4+V, OR -V, (mA) s OUTPUT CURRENT FROM wo 6 20 80 100 120 150170 200 250 300 SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V} The SOA curves combine the effect of these limits. For a given application, the direction and magnitude of the output current should be calculated or measured and checked against the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the following guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts. 1. Under transient conditions, the following capacitive and inductive loads are safe with the current limits set to the maximum: +, C(MAX) L(MAX) 150V 4uF 280mH 125V Sur 380mH 100V uF 500mH 75V 10uF 4200mH 50V 100uF 13H 2. The amplifier can handle any EMF generating or reactive load and short circuits to the supply rails or simple shorts to common if the current limits are set as follows: SHORT TO +V.,. SHORT TO Vs C, L, OR EMF LOAD COMMON 150V 20mA 67mA 125V 27mA 90mA 100V 42mA 130mA 75V 67mA 200mA 50V 130mA 200mA These simplified limits may be exceeded with further analysis using the operating conditions for a specific application. 3. The output stage is protected against transient flyback. However, for protection against sustained, high energy flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used. THERMAL SHUTDOWN The thermal protection circuit shuts off the amplifier when the substrate temperature exceeds approximately 150C. This allows the heatsink selection to be based on normal operating conditions while protecting the amplifier against excessive junction temperature during temporary fault conditions. Thermal protection is a fairly slow-acting circuit and therefore does not protect the amplifier against transient SOA violations (areas outside of the T, = 25C boundary). It is designed to protect against short-term fault conditions that result in high power dissipation with the amplifier. If the conditions that cause thermal shutdown are not removed, the amplifier will oscillate in and out of shutdown. This will result in high peak power stresses, destroy signal integrity, and reduce the reliability of the device. INDUCTIVE LOADS Two external diodes as shown in Figure 1, are required to protect these amplifiers from flyback (kickback) pulses exceeding the supply voltages of the amplifier when driving inductive loads. For component selection, these external diodes must be very quick, such as ultra fast recovery diodes with no more than 200 nanoseconds of reverse recovery time. The diode will turn on to divert the flyback energy into the supply rails thus protecting the output transistors from destruction due to reverse bias. Anote of caution about the supply. The energy of the flyback pulse must be absorbed by the power supply. As a result, a transient will be superimposed on the supply voltage, the magnitude of the transient being a function of its transient impedance and current sinking capability. If the supply voltage plus transient exceeds the maximum supply rating or if the AC impedance of the supply is unknown, it is best to clamp the output and the supply with a zener diode to absorb the transient. INPUT PROTECTION The input is protected against common mode voltages up to the supply rails and differential voltages up to +50V. Increased protection against differential input voltages can be obtained by adding 2 resistors, 2 capacitors and 4 diode connected FETs as shown in Figure 2. Fig.1 V5 100p1/200V Fig. 2 . IN4936 OR UES1106 Vs 100pf/200V PROTECTION, INDUCTIVE LOAD PROTECTION, OVERVOLTAGE CURRENT LIMITING Proper operation requires the use of two current limit resis- tors, connected as shown in the external connection diagram. The minimum vatue for Ro, is 3.24Q. However, for optimum reliability it should be set as high as possible. Refer to the General Operating Considerations section of the handbook for current limit adjust details. PAOSL REV G JANUARY [943 E46 _ 1993 Apex Microtechinulogy Corp