1
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
SP7651
FEATURES
2.5V to 20V Step Down Achieved Using Dual Input
Output Voltage down to 0.8V
3A Output Capability (Up to 5A with Air Flow)
Built in Low RDSON Power FETs (40 m typ)
Highly Integrated Design, Minimal Components
900 kHz Fixed Frequency Operation
UVLO Detects Both VCC and VIN
Over Temperature Protection
Short Circuit Protection with Auto-Restart
Wide BW Amp Allows Type II or III Compensation
Programmable Soft Start
Fast Transient Response
High Efficiency: Greater than 92% Possible
Asynchronous Start-Up into a Pre-Charged Output
Small 7mm x 4mm DFN Package
Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator
The SP7651 is a high voltage synchronous step-down switching regulator optimized for high efficiency. The part is
designed to be especially attractive for dual supply, 12V step down with 5V used to power the controller. This lower VCC
voltage minimizes power dissipation in the part. The SP7651 is designed to provide a fully integrated buck regulator
solution using a fixed 900kHz frequency, PWM voltage mode architecture. Protection features include UVLO, thermal
shutdown and output short circuit protection. The SP7651 is available in the space saving 7mm X 4mm DFN package.
®
Advanced
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
Now Available in Lead Free Packaging
DESCRIPTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
TOP VIEW
Heatsink Pad 1
Connect to Lx
Heatsink pad 2
Connect to GND
Heatsink pad 3
Connect to VIN
PGND
PGND
GND
VFB
COMP
UVIN
GND
SS
VIN
LX
LX
LX
LX
VCC
GND
GND
GND
BST
NC
LX
LX
LX
DFN PACKAGE
7mm x 4mm
SP7651
PGND
VIN
VIN
VIN
CBST
6800pF
L1
4.7uH, Irate=3.87A
C1
22uF
CVCC
2.2uF
U1
SP7651
PGND
1
PGND
2
PGND
3
GND
4
VFB
5
COMP
6
UVIN
7
GND
8
SS
9
VIN
10
VIN
11
VIN
12
VIN
13 LX 14
LX 15
LX 16
NC 17
BST 18
GND 19
GND 20
GND 21
VCC 22
LX 23
LX 24
LX 25
LX 26
DBST
CSS
15nF
CP1
22pF
3.3V
0-3A
RSET
21.5k,1%
GND
C3
22uF
Notes:
12V
VIN
1. U1 Bottom-Side Layout should
has three contacts isolated from
one another Vin SWNODE and GND
SD101AWS
VOUT
RZ3
7.15k,1%
CZ3
150pF
CZ2
1,000pF
R1
68.1k,1%
RZ2
15k,1%
CF1
100pF
fs=900Khz
+5V VCC
ENABLE
2. RSET=54.48/(Vout-0.8V) (KOhm)
6.3V
(note 2)
16V
2
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Unless otherwise specified: -40°C < TAMB < 85°C, -40°C<Tj<125°C, 4.5V < VCC < 5.5V, 3V<Vin<20V, BST=LX + 5V, LX =
GND = 0V, UVIN = 3.0V, CVCC = 1µF, CCOMP = 0.1µF, CSS = 50nF, Typical measured at VCC = 5V.
The denotes the specifications which apply over the full temperature range, unless otherwise specified.
These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at
these ratings or any other above those indicated in the operation sections
of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability.
VCC .................................................................................................. 7V
VIN ........................................................................................................................................... 22V
ILX ............................................................................................................................................... 5A
BST ............................................................................................... 35V
BST-SWN ......................................................................... -0.3V to 7V
SWN ................................................................................... -1V to 20V
GH ......................................................................... -0.3V to BST+0.3V
GH-SWN ......................................................................................... 7V
All other pins .......................................................... -0.3V to VCC+0.3V
Storage Temperature .................................................. -65°C to 150°C
Power Dissipation .................................................... Internally Limited
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ...................................... 300°C
ESD Rating .......................................................................... 2kV HBM
Thermal Resistance ϑJC .................................................................................... 5°C/W
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
RETEMARAP.NIM.PYT.XAMSTINUSNOITIDNOC
TNERRUCTNECSEIUQ
V
CC
)gnihctiwsoN(tnerruCylppuS5.13 AmV
BF
V9.0=
V
CC
)gnihctiws(tnerruCylppuS61DBTAm
)gnihctiwsoN(tnerruCylppuSTSB2.04.0AmV
BF
V9.0=
)gnihctiws(tnerruCylppuSTSB8DBTAm
OLVU:NOITCETORP
V
CC
dlohserhTtratSOLVU00.452.45.4V
V
CC
siseretsyHOLVU001002003Vm
dlohserhTtratSNIVU3.25.256.2V
siseretsyHNIVU002003004Vm
tnerruCtupnINIVU1AµV0.3=NIVU
ECNEREFERREIFILPMARORRE
ecnerefeRreifilpmArorrE297.0008.0808.0V erusaeM,.gifnoCniaGX2
V
BF
V;
CC
Cº52=T,V5=
ecnerefeRreifilpmArorrE
erutarepmeTdnaeniLrevO 887.0008.0218.0V
ecnatcudnocsnarTreifilpmArorrE6V/Am
niaGreifilpmArorrE06BddaoLoN
tnerruCkniSPMOC051AµV
BF
V9.0=PMOC,V9.0=
tnerruCecruoSPMOC051AµV
BF
V2.2=PMOC,V7.0=
V
BF
tnerruCsaiBtupnI05002AnV
BF
V8.0=
eloPlanretnI4zHM
pmalCPMOC5.2VV
BF
Cº52=AT,V7.0=
tneiciffeoC.pmeTpmalCPMOC2-Cº/Vm
3
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Unless otherwise specified: -40°C < TAMB < 85°C, -40°C<Tj<125°C, 4.5V < VCC < 5.5V, 3V<Vin<20V, BST=LX + 5V, LX =
GND = 0V, UVIN = 3.0V, CVCC = 1µF, CCOMP = 0.1µF, CSS = 50nF, Typical measured at VCC = 5V.
The denotes the specifications which apply over the full temperature range, unless otherwise specified.
RETEMARAP.NIM.PYT.XAMSTINUSNOITIDNOC
HTAPYALEDPOOL&PMAR,ROTARAPMOCMWP:POOLLORTNOC
edutilpmApmaR29.01.182.1V
tesffOPMAR1.1V
T
A
PMOCPMAR,Cº52=
gnihctiwSstratsHGlitnu
tneiciffeoC.pmeTtesffOPMAR2-Cº/Vm
htdiWesluPmuminiMHG09081sn
oitaRytuDelballortnoCmumixaM2979%
oitaRytuDmumixaM
erofebtsujderusaeM
snigebgnislup
oitaRytuDmumixaM001%selcyc02rofdilaV
oitaRrotallicsOlanretnI018009099zHk
TRATSTFOS:SREMIT
:tnerruCegrahCSS01Aµ
:tnerruCegrahcsiDSS1AmV2.0=SS,tneserPtluaF
lamrehT&tiucriCtrohS:NOITCETORP
egatloVdlohserhTtiucriCtrohS2.052.03.0V
VderusaeM
FER
-)V8.0(
V
BF
tuoemiTpucciH002smV
BF
V5.0=
selcyCkcolCelbawollAforebmuN
elcyCytuD%001ta 02selcyC
selcyC02retfAesluPLGmuminiM5.0selcyCV
BF
V7.0=
erutarepmeTnwodtuhSlamrehT541CºV
BF
V7.0=
erutarepmeTyrevoceRlamrehT531Cº
siseretsyHlamrehT01Cº
EGATSREWOP:TUPTUO
RediShgiH
NOSD
04 mV
CC
I;V5=
TUO
A3=
T
BMA
Cº52=
RTEFsuonorhcnyS
NOSD
04 mV
CC
I;V5=
TUO
A3=
T
BMA
Cº52=
tnerruCtuptuOmumixaM3A
4
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
General Overview
The SP7651 is a fixed frequency, voltage mode,
synchronous PWM regulator optimized for high
efficiency. The part has been designed to be
especially attractive for split plane applications
utilizing 5V to power the controller and 2.5V to
28V for step down conversion.
The heart of the SP7651 is a wide bandwidth
transconductance amplifier designed to accom-
modate Type II and Type III compensation
schemes. A precision 0.8V reference, present on
the positive terminal of the error amplifier per-
mits the programming of the output voltage
down to 0.8V via the VFB pin. The output of the
error amplifier, COMP, which is compared to a
1.1V peak-to-peak ramp is responsible for trail-
ing edge PWM control. This voltage ramp, and
PWM control logic are governed by the internal
oscillator that accurately sets the PWM fre-
quency to 900kHz.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The SP7651 contains two unique control fea-
tures that are very powerful in distributed appli-
cations. First, asynchronous driver control is
enabled during start up, to prohibit the low side
NFET from pulling down the output until the
high side NFET has attempted to turn on. Sec-
ond, a 100% duty cycle timeout ensures that the
low side NFET is periodically enhanced during
extended periods at 100% duty cycle. This guar-
antees the synchronized refreshing of the BST
capacitor during very large duty ratios.
The SP7651 also contains a number of valuable
protection features. Programmable UVLO al-
lows the user to set the exact VIN value at which
the conversion voltage can safely begin down
conversion, and an internal VCC UVLO ensures
that the controller itself has enough voltage to
properly operate. Other protection features in-
PIN DESCRIPTION
#niPemaNniPnoitpircseD
3-1P
DNG
reifitcersuonorhcnysehtrofnoitcennocdnuorG
12-91,8,4DNG
erarevirdrewoprewoldnaCIehtfoyrtiucriclortnocehT.niPdnuorG
)-(ehtotsecartdnuorgrehtomorfyletarapesnruteR.nipsihtotdecnerefer
.tuoCfolanimret
5V
BF
tupnignitrevniehtsitI.nipnoitceteDtiucriCtrohSdnaegatloVkcabdeeF
roftniopkcabdeefegatlovtuptuoehtsasevresdnareifilpmArorrEehtfo
detsujdaebnacdnadesnessiegatlovtuptuoehT.retrevnoCkcuBeht
VrevenehW.redividrotsiserlanretxenahguorht
BF
ehtwolebV52.0spord
puccihsretneCIehtdnadetcetedsitluaftiucrictrohsa,ecnereferevitisop
.edom
6PMOC
tupnignitrevniehtotdetcennocyllanretnisitI.reifilpmArorrEehtfotuptuO
dnanesohcsinoitanibmocretliflamitponA.rotarapmocMWPehtfo
Vrodnuorgrehtiednanipsihtotdetcennoc
BF
egatlovehtezilibatsot
.pooledom
7NIVU VneewtebredividrotsiseratcennoC.egatlovniVroftupniOLVU
NI
dna
VU
NI
egatlovgnitarepomuminimtesot
9SS
ehttesotDNGdnaSSneewtebroticapaclanretxenatcennoC.tratStfoS
woldlehsinipSSehT.tnerrucecruosAµ01ehtnodesabetartratstfos
.snoitidnoctluafllagnirudtnerruc)nim(Am1aaiv
31-01V
NI
gnilpuocedaecalP.TEFSOMlennahc-NedishgihehtotnoitcennoctupnI
.DNGPdnanipsihtneewtebroticapac
62-32,61-41XLVdnanipsihtneewtebrotcudninatcennoC
TUO
22V
CC
ylppussaibV5lanretxeroftupnI
71CNtcennoCoN
5
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
clude thermal shutdown and short-circuit detec-
tion. In the event that either a thermal, short-
circuit, or UVLO fault is detected, the SP7651 is
forced into an idle state where the output drivers
are held off for a finite period before a re-start is
attempted.
Soft Start
“Soft Start” is achieved when a power converter
ramps up the output voltage while controlling
the magnitude of the input supply source cur-
rent. In a modern step down converter, ramping
up the positive terminal of the error amplifier
controls soft start. As a result, excess source
current can be defined as the current required to
charge the output capacitor.
IVIN = COUT * (DVOUT / DTSOFT-START)
The SP7651 provides the user with the option to
program the soft start rate by tying a capacitor
from the SS pin to GND. The selection of this
capacitor is based on the 10uA pull up current
present at the SS pin and the 0.8V reference
voltage. Therefore, the excess source can be
redefined as:
IVIN = COUT * (DVOUT *10µA / (CSS * 0.8V)
Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO)
The SP7651 contains two separate UVLO com-
parators to monitor the internal bias (VCC) and
conversion (VIN) voltages independently. The
VCC UVLO threshold is internally set to 4.25V,
whereas the VIN UVLO threshold is program-
mable through the UVIN pin. When the UVIN
pin is greater than 2.5V, the SP7651 is permitted
to start up pending the removal of all other
faults. Both the VCC and VIN UVLO compara-
tors have been designed with hysteresis to pre-
vent noise from resetting a fault.
Thermal and Short-Circuit
Protection
Because the SP7651 is designed to drive large
output current, there is a chance that the power
converter will become too hot. Therefore, an
internal thermal shutdown (145°C) has been
included to prevent the IC from malfunctioning
at extreme temperatures.
A short-circuit detection comparator has also
been included in the SP7651 to protect against
an accidental short at the output of the power
converter. This comparator constantly monitors
the positive and negative terminals of the error
amplifier, and if the VFB pin falls more than
250mV (typical) below the positive reference, a
short-circuit fault is set. Because the SS pin
overrides the internal 0.8V reference during soft
start, the SP7651 is capable of detecting short-
circuit faults throughout the duration of soft
start as well as in regular operation.
Handling of Faults:
Upon the detection of power (UVLO), thermal,
or short-circuit faults, the SP7651 is forced into
an idle state where the SS and COMP pins are
pulled low and the NFETS are held off. In the
event of UVLO fault, the SP7651 remains in this
idle state until the UVLO fault is removed.
Upon the detection of a thermal or short-circuit
fault, an internal 200ms timer is activated. In the
event of a short-circuit fault, a re-start is at-
tempted immediately after the 200ms timeout
expires. Whereas, when a thermal fault is de-
tected the 200ms delay continuously recycles
and a re-start cannot be attempted until the
thermal fault is removed and the timer expires.
Error Amplifier and Voltage Loop
Since the heart of the SP7651 voltage error loop
is a high performance, wide bandwidth
transconductance amplifier great care should be
taken to select the optimal compensation net-
work. Because of the amplifier’s current lim-
ited (+/-150µA) transconductance, there are
many ways to compensate the voltage loop or to
THEORY OF OPERATION
6
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
THEORY OF OPERATION
control the COMP pin externally. If a simple,
single pole, single zero response is desired, then
compensation can be as simple as an RC to
ground. If a more complex compensation is
required, then the amplifier has enough band-
width (45° at 4 MHz) and enough gain (60dB) to
run Type III compensation schemes with ad-
equate gain and phase margins at cross over
frequencies greater than 50kHz.
The common mode output of the error amplifier
is 0.9V to 2.2V. Therefore, the PWM voltage
ramp has been set between 1.1V and 2.2V to
ensure proper 0% to 100% duty cycle capability.
The voltage loop also includes two other very
important features. One is asynchronous start up
mode. Basically, the synchronous rectifier can
not turn on unless the high side NFET has
attempted to turn on or the SS pin has exceeded
1.7V. This feature prevents the controller from
“dragging down” the output voltage during
startup or in fault modes. The second feature is
a 100% duty cycle timeout that ensures synchro-
nized refreshing of the BST capacitor at very
high duty ratios. In the event that the high side
NFET is on for 20 continuous clock cycles, a
reset is given to the PWM flip flop half way
through the 21st cycle. This forces GL to rise for
the cycle, in turn refreshing the BST capacitor.
Power MOSFETs
The SP7651 contains a pair of integrated low
resistance N MOSFETs designed to drive up to
3A of output current. Maximum output current
could be limited by thermal limitations of a
particular application. The SP7651 incorpo-
rates a built-in over-temperature protection to
prevent internal overheating.
GH
Voltage
GL
Voltage
V(VIN)
0V
-0V
-V(Diode) V
V(VIN)+V(VCC)
BST
Voltage
V(VCC)
TIME
SWN
Voltage
VBST
VSWN
V(VCC)
The SP7651 can be set to different output
voltages. The relationship in the following
formula is based on a voltage divider from the
output to the feedback pin VFB, which is set
to an internal reference voltage of 0.80V.
Standard 1% metal film resistors of surface
mount size 0603 are recommended.
Vout = 0.80V ( R1 / R2 + 1 ) => R2 = R1 / [ (
Vout / 0.80V ) – 1 ]
Where R1 = 68.1K and for Vout = 0.80V
setting, simply remove R2 from the board.
Furthermore, one could select the value of R1
and R2 combination to meet the exact output
voltage setting by restricting R1 resistance
range such that 50K < R1 < 100K for
overall system loop stability.
Setting Output Voltages
7
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Inductor Selection
There are many factors to consider in selecting
the inductor including core material, inductance
vs. frequency, current handling capability, effi-
ciency, size and EMI. In a typical SP7651 cir-
cuit, the inductor is chosen primarily by operat-
ing frequency, saturation current and DC resis-
tance. Increasing the inductor value will de-
crease output voltage ripple, but degrade tran-
sient response. Low inductor values provide the
smallest size, but cause large ripple currents,
poor efficiency and more output capacitance to
smooth out the larger ripple current. The induc-
tor must be able to handle the peak current at the
switching frequency without saturating, and the
copper resistance in the winding should be kept
as low as possible to minimize resistive power
loss. A good compromise between size, loss and
cost is to set the inductor ripple current to be
within 20% to 40% of the maximum output
current.
The switching frequency and the inductor oper-
ating point determine the inductor value as fol-
lows:
(max)(max )
(max)
)(
OUTrSIN
OUTINOUT
IKFV
VVV
L
=
where:
Fs = switching frequency
Kr = ratio of the ac inductor ripple current to the
maximum output current
The peak to peak inductor ripple current is:
LFV
VVV
I
SIN
OUTINOUT
PP
(max)
(max) )(
=
Once the required inductor value is selected, the
proper selection of core material is based on
peak inductor current and efficiency require-
ments. The core must be large enough not to
saturate at the peak inductor current
2
(max)
PP
OUTPEAK
I
II +=
and provide low core loss at the high switching
frequency. Low cost powdered iron cores are
inappropriate for 900kHz operation. Gapped
ferrite inductors are widely available for consid-
eration. Select devices that have operating data
shown up to 1MHz. Ferrite materials, on the
other hand, are more expensive and have an
abrupt saturation characteristic with the induc-
tance dropping sharply when the peak design
current is exceeded. Nevertheless, they are pre-
ferred at high switching frequencies because
they present very low core loss and the design
only needs to prevent saturation. In general,
ferrite or molyperm alloy materials will be used
with the SP7651.
Optimizing Efficiency
The power dissipated in the inductor is equal to
the sum of the core and copper losses. To mini-
mize copper losses, the winding resistance needs
to be minimized, but this usually comes at the
expense of a larger inductor. Core losses have a
more significant contribution at low output cur-
rent where the copper losses are at a minimum,
and can typically be neglected at higher output
currents where the copper losses dominate. Core
loss information is usually available from the
magnetic vendor. Proper inductor selection can
affect the resulting power supply efficiency by
more than 15-20%!
The copper loss in the inductor can be calculated
using the following equation:
WINDINGRMSLCuL
RIP
2
)()(
=
where IL(RMS) is the RMS inductor current that
can be calculated as follows:
IL(RMS) = IOUT(max) 1 + 1
(
IPP
)
2
3 IOUT(max)
8
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
Output Capacitor Selection
The required ESR (Equivalent Series Resis-
tance) and capacitance drive the selection of the
type and quantity of the output capacitors. The
ESR must be small enough that both the resis-
tive voltage deviation due to a step change in the
load current and the output ripple voltage do not
exceed the tolerance limits expected on the
output voltage. During an output load transient,
the output capacitor must supply all the addi-
tional current demanded by the load until the
SP7651 adjusts the inductor current to the new
value.
In order to maintain VOUT, the capacitance must
be large enough so that the output voltage is held
up while the inductor current ramps up or down
to the value corresponding to the new load
current. Additionally, the ESR in the output
capacitor causes a step in the output voltage
equal to the current. Because of the fast transient
response and inherent 100% and 0% duty cycle
capability provided by the SP7651 when ex-
posed to output load transient, the output ca-
pacitor is typically chosen for ESR, not for
capacitance value.
The output capacitor’s ESR, combined with the
inductor ripple current, is typically the main
contributor to output voltage ripple. The maxi-
mum allowable ESR required to maintain a
specified output voltage ripple can be calculated
by:
RESR VOUT
IPK-PK
where:
VOUT = Peak to Peak Output Voltage Ripple
IPK-PK = Peak to Peak Inductor Ripple Current
The total output ripple is a combination of the
ESR and the output capacitance value and can
be calculated as follows:
VOUT =
(
IPP (1 – D)
)
2 + (IPPRESR)2
COUTFS
FS = Switching Frequency
D = Duty Cycle
COUT = Output Capacitance Value
Input Capacitor Selection
The input capacitor should be selected for ripple
current rating, capacitance and voltage rating.
The input capacitor must meet the ripple current
requirement imposed by the switching current.
In continuous conduction mode, the source cur-
rent of the high-side MOSFET is approximately
a square wave of duty cycle VOUT/VIN. Most of
this current is supplied by the input bypass
capacitors. The RMS value of input capacitor
current is determined at the maximum output
current and under the assumption that the peak
to peak inductor ripple current is low, it is given
by: ICIN(rms) = IOUT(max)
D(1 - D)
The worse case occurs when the duty cycle D is
50% and gives an RMS current value equal to
IOUT/2.
Select input capacitors with adequate ripple
current rating to ensure reliable operation.
The power dissipated in the input capacitor is:
)(
2
)( CINESRrmsCINCIN RIP =
This can become a significant part of power
losses in a converter and hurt the overall energy
transfer efficiency. The input voltage ripple
primarily depends on the input capacitor ESR
and capacitance. Ignoring the inductor ripple
current, the input voltage ripple can be deter-
mined by:
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
9
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
2
)(
)((max)
)(
ININS
OUTINOUTMAXOUT
CINESRoutIN
VCF
VVVI
RIV
+=
The capacitor type suitable for the output capac-
itors can also be used for the input capacitors.
However, exercise extra caution when tantalum
capacitors are used. Tantalum capacitors are known
for catastrophic failure when exposed to surge
current, and input capacitors are prone to such
surge current when power supplies are connected
“live” to low impedance power sources.
Loop Compensation Design
The open loop gain of the whole system can be
divided into the gain of the error amplifier,
PWM modulator, buck converter output stage,
and feedback resistor divider. In order to cross
over at the selected frequency FCO, the gain of
the error amplifier has to compensate for the
attenuation caused by the rest of the loop at this
frequency.
The goal of loop compensation is to manipulate
loop frequency response such that its gain
crossesover 0db at a slope of -20db/dec. The
first step of compensation design is to pick the
loop cross over frequency.
High cross over frequency is desirable for fast
transient response, but often jeopardizes the
system stability. Cross over frequency should
be higher than the ESR zero but less than 1/5 of
the switching frequency. The ESR zero is con-
tributed by the ESR associated with the output
capacitors and can be determined by:
ƒZ(ESR) = 1
2π COUT RESR
The next step is to calculate the complex conju-
gate poles contributed by the LC output filter,
ƒP(LC) = 1
2π L COUT
When the output capacitors are of a Ceramic
Type, the SP7651 Evaluation Board requires a
Type III compensation circuit to give a phase
boost of 180° in order to counteract the effects of
an under damped resonance of the output filter
at the double pole frequency.
SP7651 Voltage Mode Control Loop with Loop Dynamic
(SRz2Cz2+1)(SR1Cz3+1) (SRESRCOUT+ 1)
[S^2LCOUT+S(RESR+RDC) COUT+1]
VIN
SR1Cz2(SRz3Cz3+1)(SRz2Cp1+1) VRAMP_PP
VOUT
(Volts)
+
_
VREF
(Volts)
Notes: RESR = Output Capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance.
RDC = Output Inductor DC Resistance.
VRAMP_PP = SP6132 Internal RAMP Amplitude Peak to Peak Voltage.
Condition: Cz2 >> Cp1 & R1 >> Rz3
Output Load Resistance >> RESR & RDC
R2VREF
(R1 + R2)or VOUT
VFBK
(Volts)
Type III Voltage Loop
Compensation
GAMP (s) Gain Block
PWM Stage
GPWM Gain
Block
Output Stage
GOUT (s) Gain
Block
Voltage Feedback
GFBK Gain Block
Definitions:
RESR = Output Capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance
RDC = Output Inductor DC Resistance
RRAMP_PP = SP7651 internal RAMP Amplitude Peak to Peak Voltage
Conditions:
CZ 2 >> Cp1 and R1 >> RZ 3
Output Load Resistance >> RESR and RDC
10
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
Bode Plot of Type III Error Amplifier Compensation.
CP1
RZ2
CZ2
-
+6
5
VFB COMP
+
-0.8V
CF1
VOUT
R1
68.1k, 1% RSET
CZ3
RZ3
RSET =54.48/ (VOUT -0.8) (k)
Type III Error Amplifier Compensation Circuit
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Frequency
(Hz)
Error Amplifier Gain
Bandwidth Product
Condition:
C22 >> CP1, R1 >> RZ3
20 Log (RZ2/R1)
Gain
(dB)
1/6.28(R22) (CZ2)
1/6.28 (R1) (CZ3)
1/6.28 (R1) (CZ2)
1/6.28 (RZ2) (CP1)
1/6.28 (RZ3) (CZ3)
11
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
PACKAGE: 26 PIN DFN
b
e
L
E2
Bottom View
D3
DIMENSIONS in
(mm)
26 Pin DFN
A
A1
A3
b
D
E2
E
e
D2
L
0.800 0.850 0.900
2.00
2.730 2.780 2.830
0.350 0.450
0.17 0.22 0.27
SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX
0.050
3.95 4.05
6.95 7.05
7.00
2.05 2.10
0.178 0.203 0.228
0.400
1.78 1.83 1.88
D3
4.00
0.45 0.50 0.55
0.000 -
Top View
D
E(7 x 4 mm)
Side View
A3
A
A1
D2
D2
26 Pin DFN
12
Date: 08/25/04 SP7651 Wide Input Voltage Range 3A, 900kHz, Buck Regulator © Copyright 2004 Sipex Corporation
Corporation
ANALOG EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number Temperature Package
SP7651ER/TR ......................................... -40°C to +85°C................................. 26 Pin 7 X 4 DFN
SP7651ER-L/TR ..................................... -40°C to +85°C ............. (Lead Free) 26 Pin 7 X 4 DFN
/TR = Tape and Reel
Pack quantity is 3000 DFN.