STLC2416 BLUETOOTHTM BASEBAND WITH INTEGRATED FLASH PRELIMINARY DATA 1 FEATURES Pin to pin compatible with the previous version STLC2415 Ericsson Technology Licensing Baseband Core (EBC) BluetoothTM specification compliance: V1.1 and V1.2 SW compatible with STLC2411-M28R400CT combination 2 layer class 4 PCB compatible Point-to-point, point-to-multi-point (up to 7 slaves) and scatternet capability Asynchronous Connection Oriented (ACL) logical transport link Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) links: 2 simultaneous SCO channels Supports Pitch-Period Error Concealment (PPEC) - Improves speech quality in the vicinity of interference - Improves coexistence with WLAN - Works at receiver, no Bluetooth implication Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH): hopping kernel, channel assessment as Master and as Slave Faster Connection: Interlaced scan for Page and Inquiry scan, first FHS without random backoff, RSSI used to limit range Extended SCO (eSCO) links Standard BlueRF bus interface QoS Flush Clock support - System clock input: any integer value from 12 ... 33 MHz - LPO clock input at 3.2 and 32 kHz or via the embedded 32 kHz crystal oscillator cell ARM7TDMI 32-bit CPU Memory organization - Integrated 4Mbit flash - 64KByte on-chip RAM - 4KByte on-chip boot ROM Low power architecture with 2 different low power levels: - Sleep Mode - Deep Sleep Mode HW support for packet types - ACL: DM1, 3, 5 and DH1, 3, 5 - SCO: HV1, 3 and DV - eSCO: EV3, 5 Figure 1. Package LFBGA120 (10x10x1.4mm) Table 1. Order Codes Part Number Package Temp. Range STLC2416 LFBGA120 -40 to +85 C Communication interfaces - Synchronous Serial Interface, supporting up to 32 bit data and different industry standards - Two enhanced 16550 UARTs with 128 byte FIFO depth - 12Mbps USB interface - Fast master I2C bus interface - Multi slot PCM interface - 16 programmable GPIOs - 2 external interrupts and various interrupt possibilities through other interfaces Efficient support for WLAN coexistence in collocated scenario Ciphering support for up to 128-bit key Receiver Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) support for power-controlled links Separate control for external power amplifier (PA) for class1 power support. Software support - Low level (up to HCI) stack or embedded stack with profiles - Support of UART and USB HCI transport layers. 1.1 Applications Features Typical applications in which the STLC2416 can be used are: Cable replacement Portable computers, PDA Modems Handheld data transfer devices Cameras Computer peripherals Other type of devices that require the wireless communication provided by BluetoothTM June 2004 This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice. REV. 1 1/27 STLC2416 2 DESCRIPTION The STLC2416 from STMicroelectronics is a BluetoothTM baseband controller with integrated 4 Mbit flash memory. Together with a BluetoothTM Radio this product offers a compact and complete solution for short-range wireless connectivity. It incorporates all the lower layer functions of the BluetoothTM protocol. The microcontroller allows the support of all data packets of BluetoothTM in addition to voice. The embedded controller can be used to run the BluetoothTM protocol and application layers if required. The software is located in the integrated flash memory. 3 QUICK REFERENCE DATA 3.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Operation of the device beyond these conditions is not guaranteed. Sustained exposure to these limits will adversely affect device reliability. Table 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Conditions Min Max Unit VDD Supply voltage baseband core VSS - 0.5 2.5 V VDDF Supply voltage flash VSS - 0.5 2.5 V VPP Fast Program Voltage VSS - 0.5 13 V VDDIO Supply voltage baseband I/O 4 V VDDQ Supply voltage flash I/O VSS - 0.5 2.5 V VSS - 0.5 VDDIO + 0.3 V -55 +150 C +250 C VIN Input voltage on any digital pin (excluding FLASH input pins) Tstg Storage temperature Tlead Lead temperature < 10s 3.2 Operating Ranges Operating ranges define the limits for functional operation and parametric characteristics of the device. Functionality outside these limits is not implied. Table 3. Operating Ranges Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VDD Supply voltage baseband core and EMI pads 1.55 1.8 1.95 V VDDF Supply voltage flash 1.55 1.8 1.95 V VDDIO Supply voltage digital I/O 2.7 3.3 3.6 V VDDQ Supply voltage flash I/O (VDDQ VDDF) 1.55 1.8 1.95 V Tamb Operating ambient temperature -40 +85 C 3.3 I/O specifications Depending on the interface, the I/O voltage is typical 1.8V (interface to the flash memory) or typical 3.3V (all the other interfaces). These I/Os comply with the EIA/JEDEC standard JESD8-B. 3.3.1 Specifications for 3.3V I/Os Table 4. LVTTL DC Input Specification (3V<VDDIO<3.6V) Symbol Low level input voltage Vih High level input voltage Vhyst 2/27 Parameter Vil Schmitt trigger hysteresis Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 0.8 V 2 V 0.4 V STLC2416 Table 5. LVTTL DC Output Specification (3V<VDDIO<3.6V) Symbol Parameter Conditions Vol Low level output voltage Voh High level output voltage Ioh =-X mA Min Typ Iol = X mA Max Unit 0.15 V VDDIO-0.15 V Note: X is the source/sink current under worst-case conditions according to the drive capability. (See table 8, pad information for value of X). 3.3.2 Specifications for 1.8V I/Os Table 6. DC Input Specification (1.55V<VDD<1.95V) Symbol Parameter Vil Low level input voltage Vih High level input voltage Vhyst Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 0.35*VDD V 0.65*VDD Schmitt trigger hysteresis 0.2 V 0.3 0.5 V Table 7. DC Output Specification (1.55V<VDD<1.95V) Symbol Parameter Vol Low level output voltage Iol = X mA Conditions Voh High level output voltage Ioh =-X mA Min Typ Max Unit 0.15 V VDD-0.15 V Note: X is the source/sink current under worst-case conditions according to the drive capability. (See table 8, pad information for value of X). 3.4 Current Consumption Table 8. Typical power consumption of the STLC2416 (VDD = VDD Flash = PLLVDD = 1.8V, VDDIO = 3.3V) (Indicative only) Core STLC2416 State IO Unit 5.10 0.13 mA 0.94 0.94 0.13 mA ACL connection (no transmission) 7.60 6.99 0.13 mA ACL connection (data transmission) 7.90 7.20 0.13 mA SCO connection (no codec connected) 8.70 7.90 0.14 mA Inquiry and Page scan (low power mode enabled) 127 n.a. 5 A Low Power mode (32 kHz crystal) 20 20 0 A Slave Master Standby (no low power mode) 5.10 Standby (low power mode enabled) 3/27 STLC2416 4 Block Diagram and Electrical Schema Figure 2. Block Diagram and Electrical Schematic JTAG 5 PCM VDD 2 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER 100nF USB VDDIO 100nF I2 C VDDIO 100nF RF BUS ARM7 TDMI 13 RADIO I/F BLUETOOTH CORE D M A RAM 4 APB BRIDGE SPI TIMER GPIO START DETECT UART UART FIFO UART 2 2 4 16 8 PCM EXT._INT1/2 USB I2C SPI GPIO(O..15) UART2 (*) 22pF LPOCLKP BOOT ROM LPO Y2 32kHz 22pF 2 SYSTEM CONTROL LPOCLKN VDD 16 DATA(0..15) ADDR(0..19) VDDPLL EMI 100nF 20 16 1 XIN BOOT 2 CSN(1..2) 4Mbit FLASH NG CSN(0) 1 5 16 RDN/NG ADDR DATA(0..15) (0,2,17,18,19) 1 CSN(0) 1 NE NRP (**) (*) If a low-power clock is available, it can be connected to the LPOCLKP pin in stead of using a crystal (**) For device testing only (should not be connected in the application. 4/27 VDD 100nF NE 1 NRESET SYS_CLK_REQ DATA(0..15) NW 1 UART1 ADDR(1..18) 18 WRN RDN 2 NWP D03TL582C STLC2416 5 PINOUT Figure 3. Pin out (Bottom view) 18 nreset 17 nrp 16 15 14 uart1_ uart1_ i2c_ rxd txd dat 13 i2c_ clk 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 pcm_ pcm_ usb_ uart2_ uart2_ uart2_ uart2_ dn rxd txd i1 o2 vddio sync a 4 vdd 3 2 1 vss spi_ frm spi_ clk A xin spi_txd B pcm_ pcm- usb_ uart2_ uart2_ uart2_ uart2_ clk b dp i2 o1 io1 io2 vssio rdn/ng sys_cl k_req n.c. tck vssio ne csn1 tdo tms csn0 csn2 ntrst tdi addr0 vdd btxen vddio n.c. vss brxen ant_sw nwp addr2 bpktcl bpaen vpp vdd btxd bdclk vddf vss brclk bmosi vssf addr17 brxd bmiso vddq addr18 bsen bnden n.c. addr19 gpio12 gpio14 n.c. data0 gpio10 gpio15 data3 data1 gpio11 gpio13 vsspll vssio vddio gpio3 gpio1 boot data8 data7 data6 data5 data4 data2 int2 int1 vddio vssio spi_rxd C D E F G H J K L M N P R vss vdd T gpio9 vdd lpo_ lpo_ gpio8 gpio7 gpio6 vddpll gpio5 gpio4 gpio2 gpio0 clk_n clk_p data15 data14 data13 data12 data11 data10 data9 vss U V D03TL583 5.1 Pin Description and Assignment Table 9 shows the pin list of the STLC2416. There are 91 functional pins of which 25 are used for device testing only (should not be connected in the application) and 24 supply pins. The column "PU/PD" shows the pads implementing an internal weak pull-up/down, to fix value if the pin is left open. This cannot replace an external pull-up/down. The pads are grouped according to two different power supply values, as shown in column "VDD": - V1 for 3.3 V typical 2.7 - 3.6 V range - V2 for 1.8 V typical 1.55 - 1.95 V range Finally the column "DIR" describes the pin directions: - I for Inputs - O for Outputs - I/O for Input/Outputs - O/t for tri-state outputs 5/27 STLC2416 Table 9. STLC2416 Pin List Name Pin # Description DIR PU/PD VDD PAD V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible schmitt trigger Clock and test pins xin B18 System clock I nreset A18 Reset I nrp A17 Flash reset I V2 nwp H3 Flash Write Protect I V2 CMOS 1.8V V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA tri-state slew rate control sys_clk_req C18 System clock request I/O lpo_clk_p V9 Low power oscillator + / Slow clock input I lpo_clk_n V10 Low power oscillator - O int1 C14 External Interrupt used also as external wakeup I (1) V2 V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible schmitt trigger V2 CMOS 1.8V V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA tri-state slew rate control schmitt trigger V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible schmitt trigger V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible schmitt trigger V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA slew rate control (1) int2 C15 Second external interrupt I (1) boot T10 Select external boot from EMI or internal from ROM I (1) SPI interface spi_frm A2 Synchronous Serial Interface frame sync I/O spi_clk A1 Synchronous Serial Interface clock I/O spi_txd B1 Synchronous Serial Interface transmit data O/t spi_rxd C1 Synchronous Serial Interface receive data I (1) UART interface uart1_txd uart1_rxd uart2_o1 uart2_o2 A15 A16 C7 A6 Uart1 transmit data Uart1 receive data Uart2 modem output Uart2 modem output O/t I (2) O O/t uart2_i1 A7 Uart2 modem input I (2) V1 uart2_i2 C8 Uart2 modem input I (2) V1 uart2_io1 C6 Uart2 modem input/output I/O (2) V1 uart2_io2 C5 Uart2 modem input/output I/O (2) V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA tri-state slew rate control (1) Should be strapped to vssio if not used; (2) Should be strapped to vddio if not used; (3) Should have a 10 kOhm pull-up if not used. 6/27 STLC2416 Table 9. STLC2416 Pin List (continued) Name uart2_txd uart2_rxd Pin # A8 A9 Description Uart2 transmit data Uart2 receive data DIR PU/PD VDD PAD V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible O/t I (2) I2C interface i2c_dat A14 I2C data pin I/O (3) i2c_clk A13 I2C clock pin I/O (3) V1 V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA tri-state slew rate control USB interface usb_dn A10 USB - pin (Needs a series resistor of 27 5%) I/O (1) V1 usb_dp C9 USB + pin (Needs a series resistor of 27 5%) I/O (1) V1 GPIO interface gpio0 V11 Gpio port 0 I/O PU gpio1 T11 Gpio port 1 I/O PU gpio2 V12 Gpio port 2 I/O PU gpio3 T12 Gpio port 3 I/O PU gpio4 V13 Gpio port 4 I/O PU gpio5 V14 Gpio port 5 I/O PU gpio6 V16 Gpio port 6 I/O PU gpio7 V17 Gpio port 7 I/O PU gpio8 V18 Gpio port 8 I/O PU gpio9 U18 Gpio port 9 I/O PU gpio10 R18 Gpio port 10 I/O PU gpio11 T18 Gpio port 11 I/O PU gpio12 P18 Gpio port 12 I/O PU gpio13 T16 Gpio port 13 I/O PU gpio14 P16 Gpio port 14 I/O PU gpio15 R16 Gpio port 15 I/O PU V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 4mA tri-state slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 4mA tri-state slew rate control schmitt trigger V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 4mA tri-state slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA tri-state slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible schmitt trigger JTAG interface ntrst F18 JTAG pin I PD tck D18 JTAG pin I (1) (1) Should be strapped to vssio if not used; (2) Should be strapped to vddio if not used; (3) Must have a 10 kOhm pull-up. 7/27 STLC2416 Table 9. STLC2416 Pin List (continued) Name Pin # Description DIR PU/PD PU tms E16 JTAG pin I tdi F16 JTAG pin I tdo E18 JTAG pin (should be left open) VDD PAD V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA tri-state slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA tri-state slew rate control schmitt trigger V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible schmitt trigger V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 2mA slew rate control V1 CMOS, 3.3V TTL compatible, 8mA slew rate control PU O/t PCM interface pcm_a A11 PCM data I/O PD pcm_b C10 PCM data I/O PD pcm_sync A12 PCM 8kHz sync I/O PD pcm_clk C11 PCM clock I/O PD Radio interface brclk L18 Transmit clock I brxd M18 Receive data I bmiso M16 RF serial interface input data I bnden N16 RF serial interface control O bmosi L16 RF serial interface output data O bdclk K16 RF serial interface clock O btxd K18 Transmit data O bsen N18 Synthesizer ON O bpaen J16 Open PLL O brxen H18 Receive ON O btxen G18 Transmit ON O bpktctl J18 Packet ON O ant_sw H16 Antenna switch O (1) Should be strapped to vssio if not used (2) Should be strapped to vddio if not used (3) Must have a 10 kOhm pull-up. 8/27 (1) (1) STLC2416 Table 9. STLC2416 Pin List (continued) Name Pin # Description Power Supply vsspll T15 PLL ground vddpll V15 1.8V supply for PLL vdd A4 1.8V Digital supply vdd F1 1.8V Digital supply vdd J1 1.8V Digital supply vdd U1 1.8V Digital supply vdd T8 1.8V Digital supply vddf K3 1.8V Digital supply Flash vddq M3 1.8V I/O's supply Flash vpp J3 12V fast program supply Flash vddio C13 3.3V I/O's supply vddio A5 3.3V I/O's supply vddio T13 3.3V I/O's supply vddio G16 vss A3 vss G1 Digital ground vss K1 Digital ground vss V1 Digital ground vss T9 Digital ground vssf L3 Digital ground Flash vssio C12 I/O's ground vssio C4 I/O's ground 3.3V I/O's supply Digital ground vssio T14 I/O's ground vssio D16 I/O's ground 9/27 STLC2416 Table 9. STLC2416 Pin List (continued) Name Pin # Description DIR PU/PD VDD PAD V2 CMOS 1.8V 4mA slew rate control V2 CMOS 1.8V 4mA slew rate control To be connected together on the PCB ne D3 Flash chip enable I csn0 E3 External chip select bank 0 O Test Only (Do NOT connect) rdn/ng C3 External read O csn1 D1 External chip select bank 1 O csn2 E1 External chip select bank 2 O addr0 F3 External address bit 0 O addr2 H1 External address bit 2 O addr17 L1 External address bit 17 O addr18 M1 External address bit 18 O addr19 N1 External address bit 19 O data0 P1 External data bit 0 I/O PD data1 R1 External data bit 1 I/O PD data2 T1 External data bit 2 I/O PD data3 R3 External data bit 3 I/O PD data4 T3 External data bit 4 I/O PD data5 T4 External data bit 5 I/O PD data6 T5 External data bit 6 I/O PD data7 T6 External data bit 7 I/O PD data8 T7 External data bit 8 I/O PD data9 V2 External data bit 9 I/O PD data10 V3 External data bit 10 I/O PD data11 V4 External data bit 11 I/O PD data12 V5 External data bit 12 I/O PD data13 V6 External data bit 13 I/O PD data14 V7 External data bit 14 I/O PD data15 V8 External data bit 15 I/O PD Not Connected n.c. 10/27 C16, G3, N3, P3 Not Connected STLC2416 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 6.1 Baseband - WLAN coexistence. See also 7.12. WLAN. 6.1.1 Baseband 1.1 Features The baseband is based on Ericsson Technology Licensing Baseband Core (EBC) and it is compliant with the Bluetooth specification 1.1: - - - - - - - - - - - Point to multipoint (up to 7 Slaves) Asynchronous Connection Less (ACL) link support giving data rates up to 721 kbps Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) link with support for 2 voice channels over the air interface. Flexible voice format to host and over the air (CVSD, PCM 13/16 bits, A-law, -law) HW support for packet types: DM1, 3, 5; DH1, 3, 5; HV1, 3; DV Scatternet capabilities (Master in one piconet and Slave in the other one; Slave in two piconets). All scatternet v.1.1 errata supported. Ciphering support up to 128 bits key Paging modes R0, R1, R2 Channel Quality Driven Data Rate Full Bluetooth software stack available Low level link controller 6.1.2 Baseband 1.2 Features The baseband part is also compliant with the Bluetooth specification 1.2: - Extended SCO (eSCO) links: supports EV3 and EV5 packets. See also 7.6. eSCO. - Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH): hopping kernel, channel assessment as Master and as Slave. See also 7.7. AFH. - Faster Connection: Interlaced scan for Page and Inquiry scan, answer FHS at first reception, RSSI used to limit range. See also 7.8. Faster Connection. - QoS Flush. See also 7.9. QoS. - Synchronization: the local and the master BT clock are available via HCI commands for synchronization of parallel applications on different slaves - L2CAP Flow & Error control - LMP Improvements - LMP SCO handling - Parameter Ranges update 11/27 STLC2416 6.2 Integrated Flash Memory - 4Mbit size - 8 parameter blocks of 4 Kword (top configuration) - 7 main blocks of 32 Kword - 120ns access time - see datasheet of standalone product M28R400CT for more detailed information. Figure 4. Block Addresses M28R400CT Top Boot Block Addresses 3FFFF 4 KWords 3F000 Total of 8 4 KWord Blocks 38FFF 4 KWords 38000 37FFF 32 KWords 30000 Total of 7 32 KWord Blocks 0FFFF 32 KWords 08000 07FFF 32 KWords 00000 6.2.1 Flash Signal Descriptions - Write Protect (nwp) Write protect is an input that gives an additional hardware protection for each block. When Write Protect is 0.4V the Lock-Down is enabled and the protection status of the flash blocks cannot be changed. When Write Protect is (vddq - 0.4V), the Lock-Down is disabled and the flash memory blocks can be locked or unlocked. - Reset (nrp) The Reset input provides a hardware reset of the memory. When reset is 0.4V, the memory is in reset mode: the outputs are high impedant and the current consumption is minimized. After Reset all blocks are in Locked state. When Reset is (vddq - 0.4V), the device is in normal operation. Exiting reset mode 12/27 STLC2416 the device enters read array mode, but a negative transition of Chip Enable or a change of the address is required to ensure valid data outputs. - Vdd Supply Voltage (vddf) Vdd provides the power supply to the internal core of the flash memory device. It is the main power supply for all operations (Read, Program and Erase) - Vddq Supply Voltage (vddq) Vddq provides the power supply to the I/O pins and enables all Outputs to be powered independently from Vddf. Vddq can be tied to Vddf or can use separate supply. - Vpp Program Supply Voltage (vpp) Vpp is both a control input and a power supply pin. The two functions are selected by the voltage range applied to the pin. The supply voltage Vddf and the program supply voltage Vpp can be applied in any order. If Vpp is kept in a low voltage range (0V to 3.6V) Vpp is seen as a control input. In this case a voltage lower than 1V gives protection agains program or block erase, while 1.65V<Vpp<3.6V enables these functions. Vpp is only sampled at the beginning of a program or block erase; a change in its value after the operation has started does not have any effect and program or erase operations continue. If Vpp is in the range 11.4V to 12.6V it acts as a power supply pin. In this condition Vpp must be stable until the Program/Erase algorithm is completed. - Vssf Flash Ground (vssf) Vssf is the reference for all voltage measurements. - Address Inputs (Addr(1-18)/Addr(0-19)), Data Input/Output (Data(0-15)/Data(0-15)), Chip Enable (ne/ csn(0)), Output Enable (ng/rdn), Write Enable (nw/wrn) are connected to and controlled by the BluetoothTM baseband controller. 13/27 STLC2416 7 GENERAL SPECIFICATION 7.1 SYSTEM CLOCK The STLC2416 works with a single clock provided on the XIN pin. The value of this external clock should be any integer value from 12 ... 33 MHz 20ppm (overall). 7.1.1 SLOW CLOCK The slow clock is used by the baseband as reference clock during the low power modes. The slow clock requires an accuracy of 250ppm (overall). Several options are foreseen in order to adjust the STLC2416 behaviour according to the features of the radio used: - If the system clock (e.g. 13MHz) is not provided at all times (power consumption saving) and no slow clock is provided by the system, a 32 kHz crystal must be used by the STLC2416 (default mode). - If the system clock (e.g. 13MHz) is not provided at all times (power consumption saving) and the system provides a slow clock at 32kHz or 3.2kHz, this signal is simply connected to the STLC2416 (lpo_clk_p). - If the system clock (e.g. 13MHz) is provided at all times, the STLC2416 generates from the reference clock an internal 32kHz clock. This mode is not an optimized mode for power consumption. 7.2 BOOT PROCEDURE The boot code instructions are the first that ARM7TDMI executes after a HW reset. All the internal device's registers are set to their default value. There are 2 types of boot: - Flash boot. When boot pin is set to 1 (connected to VDD), the STLC2416 boots on its flash - UART download boot from ROM. When boot pin is set to 0 (connected to GND), the STLC2416 boots on its internal ROM (needed to download the new firmware in the flash). When booting on the internal ROM, the STLC2416 will monitor the UART interface for approximately 1.4 second. If there is no request for code downloading during this period, the ROM jumps to flash. 7.3 CLOCK DETECTION The STLC2416 has an automatic slow clock frequency detection (32kHz, 3.2kHz or none). 7.4 MASTER RESET When the device's reset is held active (nreset is low), uart1_txd and uart2_txd are set to input state. When the nreset returns high, the device starts to boot. Remark: The device should be held in active reset for minimum 20ms in order to guarantee a complete reset of the device. 7.5 INTERRUPTS/WAKE-UP All GPIOs can be used both as external interrupt source and as wake-up source. In addition the chip can be woken-up by USB, uart1_rxd, uart2_rxd, int1, int2. 7.6 V1.2 detailed functionality - Extended SCO User Perspective - Extended SCO This function gives improved voice quality since it enables the possibility to retransmit lost or corrupted voice packets in both directions. 14/27 STLC2416 Technical perspective - Extended SCO eSCO incorporates CRC, negotiable data rate, negotiable retransmission window and multi-slot packets. Retransmission of lost or corrupted packets during the retransmission window guarantees on-time delivery. Figure 5. eSCO SCO SCO SCO SCO ACL ACL SCO SCO t eSCO retransmission window 7.7 V1.2 detailed functionality - Adaptive Frequency Hopping User Perspective - Adaptive Frequency Hopping In the Bluetooth spec 1.1 the Bluetooth devices hop in the 2.4 GHz band over 79-channels. Since WLAN 802.11 has become popular, there are specification improvements in the 1.2-SIG spec for Bluetooth where the Bluetooth units can avoid the jammed bands and thereby provide an improved co-existence with WLAN. Technical perspective - Adaptive Frequency Hopping Figure 6. AFH f AFH(79) WLAN used frequency t f AFH(19<N<79) WLAN used frequency t First the Master and/or the Slaves identify the jammed channels. The Master decides on the channel distribution and informs the involved slaves. The Master and the Slaves, at a predefined instant, switch to the new channel distribution scheme. No longer jammed channels are re-inserted into the channel distribution scheme. AFH uses the same hop frequency for transmission as for reception 15/27 STLC2416 7.8 V1.2 detailed functionality - Faster Connection User Perspective - Faster Connection This feature gives the User about 65% faster connection on average when enabled compared to Bluetooth spec 1.1 connection procedure. Technical perspective - Faster Connection The faster Inquiry functionality is based on a removed/shortened random back off and also a new Interlaced Inquiry scan scheme. The faster Page functionality is based on Interlaced Page Scan. 7.9 V1.2 detailed functionality - Quality of Service User Perspective - Quality of Service Small changes to the BT1.1 spec regarding Quality of Service makes a large difference by allowing all QoS parameters to be communicated over HCI to the link manager that enables efficient BW management. Here after a short list of user perspectives: 1) Flush timeout: enables time-bounded traffic such as video streaming to become more robust when the channel degrades. It sets the maximum delay of an L2CAP frame. It does not enable multiple streams in one piconet, or heavy data transfer at the same time. 2) Simple latency control: allows the host to set the poll interval. Provides enough support for HID devices mixed with other traffic in the piconet. 7.10 Low power modes To save power, two low power modes are supported. Depending of the Bluetooth and of the Host's activity, the STLC2416 autonomously decides to use Sleep Mode or Deep Sleep Mode. Table 10. Low power modes Low power mode Description Sleep Mode The STLC2416: - Accepts HCI commands from the Host. - Supports page- and inquiry scans. - Supports Bluetooth links that are in Sniff, Hold or Park. - Can transfer data over Bluetooth links. - The system clock is still active in part of the design. Deep Sleep Mode The STLC2416: - Does not accept HCI commands from the Host. - Keeps track of page- and inquiry scan activities. Switches between sleep and active mode when it is time to scan. - Supports Bluetooth links that are in Sniff, Hold or Park. - Does not transfer data over Bluetooth links. - The system clock is not active in any part of the design. Note: Deep Sleep mode is not compatible with a USB transport layer. Some examples of the low power modes usage: 7.10.1 SNIFF OR PARK The STLC2416 is in active mode with a Bluetooth connection, once the connection is concluded the SNIFF or the PARK is programmed. Once one of these two states is entered the STLC2416 goes in Sleep Mode. After that, the Host may decide to place the STLC2416 in Deep Sleep Mode by putting the UART LINK in low power mode. The Deep Sleep Mode allows smaller power consumption. When the STLC2416 needs to send or receive a packet (e.g. at TSNIFF or at the beacon instant) it will require the clock and it will go in active mode for the needed transmission/reception. Immediately afterwards it will go back to the Deep 16/27 STLC2416 Sleep Mode. If some HCI transmission is needed, the UART link will be reactivated, using one of the two ways explained in 7.5, and the STLC2416 will move from the Deep Sleep Mode to the Sleep Mode. 7.10.2 INQUIRY/PAGE SCAN When only inquiry scan or page scan is enabled, the STLC2416 will go in Sleep Mode or Deep Sleep Mode outside the receiver activity. The selection between Sleep Mode and Deep Sleep Mode depend on the UART activity like in SNIFF or PARK. 7.10.3 NO CONNECTION If the Host places the UART in low power and there is no activity, then the STLC2416 can be placed in Deep Sleep Mode. 7.10.4 ACTIVE LINK When there is an active link (SCO or ACL), the STLC2416 cannot go in Deep Sleep Mode whatever the UART state is. But the STLC2416 baseband is made such that whenever it is possible, depending on the scheduled activity (number of link, type of link, amount of data exchanged), it goes in Sleep Mode. 7.11 SW initiated low power mode A wide set of wake up mechanisms are supported. 7.12 Bluetooth - WLAN coexistence in collocated scenario The coexistence interface uses 4 GPIO pins, when enabled. Bluetooth and WLAN 802.11 b/g technologies occupy the same 2.4 GHz ISM band. STLC2416 implements a set of mechanisms to avoid interference in a collocated scenario. The STLC2416 supports 5 different algorithms in order to provide efficient and flexible simultaneous functionality between the two technologies in collocated scenarios: - Algorithm 1: PTA (Packet Traffic Arbitration) based coexistence algorithm defined in accordance with the IEEE 802.15.2 recommended practice. - Algorithm 2: the WLAN is the master and it indicates to the STLC2416 when not to operate in case of simultaneous use of the air interface. - Algorithm 3: the STLC2416 is the master and it indicates to the WLAN chip when not to operate in case of simultaneous use of the air interface. - Algorithm 4: Two-wire mechanism - Algorithm 5: Alternating Wireless Medium Access (AWMA), defined in accordance with the WLAN 802.11 b/g technologies. The algorithm is selected via HCI command. The default algorithm is algorithm 1. 7.12.1 Algorithm 1: PTA (Packet Traffic Arbitration) The Algorithm is based on a bus connection between the STLC2416 and the WLAN chip : STLC2416 WLAN By using this coexistence interface it's possible to dynamically allocate bandwidth to the two devices when simultaneous operations are required while the full bandwidth can be allocated to one of them in case the other one does not require activity. The algorithm involves a priority mechanism, which allows preserving the quality of certain types of link. A typical application would be to guarantee optimal quality to the Blue- 17/27 STLC2416 tooth voice communication while an intensive WLAN communication is ongoing. Several algorithms have been implemented in order to provide a maximum of flexibility and efficiency for the priority handling. Those algorithms can be activated via specific HCI commands. The combination of a time division multiplexing techniques to share the bandwidth in case of simultaneous operations and of the priority mechanism avoid the interference due to packet collision and it allows the maximization of the 2.4 GHz ISM bandwidth usage for both devices while preserving the quality of some critical types of link. 7.12.2 Algorithm 2: WLAN master In case the STLC2416 has to cooperate, in a collocated scenario, with a WLAN chip not supporting a PTA based algorithm, it's possible to put in place a simpler mechanism. The interface is reduced to 1 line: RF_NOT_ALLOWED STLC2416 WLAN When the WLAN has to operate, it alerts HIGH the RF_NOT_ALLOWED signal and the STLC2416 will not operate while this signals stays HIGH. This mechanism permits to avoid packet collision in order to make an efficient use of the bandwidth but cannot provide guaranteed quality over the Bluetooth links. 7.12.3 Algorithm 3: Bluetooth master This algorithm represents the symmetrical case of section 7.12.2. Also in this case the interface is reduced to 1 line: RF_NOT_ALLOWED STLC2416 WLAN When the STLC2416 has to operate it alerts HIGH the RF_NOT_ALLOWED signal and the WLAN will not operate while this signals stays HIGH. This mechanism permits to avoid packet collision in order to make an efficient use of the bandwidth, it provides high quality for all Bluetooth links but cannot provide guaranteed quality over the WLAN links. 7.12.4 Algorithm 4: Two-wire mechanism Based on algorithm 2 and 3, the Host decides, on a case-by-case basis, whether WLAN or Bluetooth is master. 7.12.5 Algorithm 5: Alternating Wireless Medium Access (AWMA) AWMA utilizes a portion of the WLAN beacon interval for Bluetooth operations. From a timing perspective, the medium assignment alternates between usage following WLAN procedures and usage following Bluetooth procedures. The timing synchronization between the WLAN and the STLC2416 is done by the HW signal MEDIUM_FREE. 18/27 STLC2416 Table 11. WLAN HW signal assignment Scenario 2: WLAN master Scenario 3: BT master TX_ CONFIRM BT_RF_NOT_ ALLOWED Not used BT_RF_NOT_ ALLOWED MEDIUM_FREE WLAN 2 TX_ REQUEST Not used WLAN_RF_ NOT_ ALLOWED WLAN_RF_ NOT_ ALLOWED Not used WLAN 3 STATUS Not used Not used Not used Not used WLAN 4 OPTIONAL_ SIGNAL Not used Not used Not used Not used WLAN Scenario 1: PTA WLAN 1 8 Scenario 5: AWMA Scenario 4: 2-wire INTERFACES 8.1 UART Interface The chip contains two enhanced (128 byte transmit FIFO and 128 byte receive FIFO, sleep mode, 127 Rx and 128 Tx interrupt thresholds) UARTs named UART1 and UART2 compatible with the standard M16550 UART. For UART1, only Rx and Tx signals are available (used for debug purposes). UART2 features: - standard HCI UART transport layer: - all HCI commands as described in the BluetoothTM specification 1.1 - ST specific HCI command (check STLC2416 Software Interface document for more information) - RXD, TXD, CTS, RTS on permanent external pins - 128-byte FIFOs, for transmit and for receive - Default configuration: 57.600 kbps - Specific HCI command to change to the following baud rates: Table 12. List of supported baud rates Baud rate - 921.6k 460.8 k 230.4 k 153.6 k 115.2 k 76.8 k 57.600 kbps (default) 38.4 k 28.8 k 19.2 k 14.4 k 9600 7200 4800 2400 1800 1200 900 600 300 8.2 Synchronous Serial Interface The Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) (or the Synchronous Peripheral Interface (SPI)) is a flexible module supporting full-duplex and half-duplex synchronous communications with external devices in Master and Slave mode. It enables a microcontroller unit to communicate with peripheral devices or allows interprocessor communications in a multiple-master environment. This Interface is compatible with the Motorola SPI standard, with the Texas Instruments Synchronous Serial frame format and with National Semiconductor Microwire standard. Special extensions are implemented to support the Agilent SPI interface for optical mouse applications and the 32 bit data SPI for stereo codec applications. 8.2.1 Feature description: Agilent mode One application is a combination of a Bluetooth device with an AGILENT optical mouse sensor to build a Bluetooth Mouse. The AGILENT chip has an SPI interface with one bi-directional data port. 19/27 STLC2416 When spi_io from ADNS_2030 is driving, spi_rxd should be active, while spi_txd is set as a tri-state high impedance input. For a read operation, the Bluetooth spi_txd is put in high impedance state after the reception of the address. Note that this feature works independently of the SPI mode, supporting other combinations. In this case, the devices are connected as described in the figure below. Figure 7. Agilent ADNS-2030 STLC2416 spi_clk spi_clk spi_frm spi_txd spi_io spi_rxd 8.2.2 Feature description: 32 bit SPI One application is a Bluetooth stereo headset. In this application, the audio samples are received from the emitter through the air using the Bluetooth baseband with ACL packets. The samples are decoded by the embedded ARM CPU (the samples were encoded, for compression, in SBC or MP3 format) and then sent to a stereo codec though the SPI interface. The application is described in the figure below. Figure 8. Bluetooth reception STLC2416 SPI slave mode 32 bits spi_txd spi_r xd spi_frm spi_clk STw5094A CODEC SPI master mode 32 bits stereo headset 32 spi_clk 16 spi_clk To support this application, the data size is 32 bits. The 32 bits support is implemented for both transmit and receive. 8.3 I2C Interface Used to access I2C peripherals. The interface is a fast master I2C; it has full control of the interface at all times. I2C slave functionality is not supported. 20/27 STLC2416 8.4 USB Interface The USB interface is compliant with the USB 2.0 full speed specification. Max throughput on the USB interface is 12 Mbit/s. Figure 9 gives an overview of the main components needed for supporting the USB interface, as specified in the BluetoothTM Core Specification. For clarity, the serial interface (including the UART Transport Layer) is also shown. Figure 9. USB Interface HCI UART TRANSPORT LAYER USB DRIVER SERIAL DRIVER UART DEVICE REGISTERS FIFOs RTOS IRQ IRQ STLC2416 HW D04TL624 USB DEVICE REGISTERS FIFOs USB TRANSPORT LAYER The USB device registers and FIFOs are memory mapped. The USB Driver will use these registers to access the USB interface. The equivalent exists for the HCI communication over UART. For transmission to the host, the USB & Serial Drivers interface with the HW via a set of registers and FIFOs, while in the other direction, the hardware may trigger the Drivers through a set of interrupts (identified by the RTOS, and directed to the appropriate Driver routines). 8.5 JTAG Interface The JTAG interface is compliant with the JTAG IEEE Std 1149.1. Its allows both the boundary scan of the digital pins and the debug of the ARM7TDMI application when connected with the standard ARM7 development tools. 8.6 RF Interface The STLC2416 radio interface is compatible to BlueRF (unidirectional RxMode2 for data and unidirectional serial interface for control). 8.7 PCM voice interface The voice interface is a direct PCM interface to connect to a standard CODEC (e.g. STw5093 or STw5094) including internal decimator and interpolator filters. The data can be linear PCM (13-16bit), Law (8bit) or A-Law (8bit). By default the codec interface is configured as master. The encoding on the air interface is programmable to be CVSD, A-Law or -Law. 21/27 STLC2416 The PCM block is able to manage the PCM bus with up to 3 timeslots. In master mode, PCM clock and data can operate at 2 MHz or at 2.048 MHz to allow interfacing of standard codecs. The four signals of the PCM interface are: - PCM_CLK : PCM clock - PCM_SYNC : PCM 8kHz sync - PCM_A : PCM data - PCM_B : PCM data Directions of PCM_A and PCM_B are software configurable. Three additional PCM_SYNC signals can be provided via the GPIOs. See section 12 for more details. Figure 10. PCM (A-law, -law) standard mode 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 PCM_CLK PCM_SYNC PCM_A B PCM_B B B B 125s D02TL558 Figure 11. Linear mode 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 PCM_CLK PCM_SYNC PCM_A PCM_B 125s D02TL559 Table 13. PCM interface timing. Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit PCM Interface Fpcm_clk Frequency of PCM_CLK (master) Fpcm_sync Frequency of PCM_SYNC tWCH High period of PCM_CLK 2048 kHz 8 kHz 200 ns tWCL Low period of PCM_CLK 200 ns tWSH High period of PCM_SYNC 200 ns tSSC Setup time, PCM_SYNC high to PCM_CLK low 100 ns tSDC Setup time, PCM_A/B input valid to PCM_CLK low 100 ns tHCD Hold time, PCM_CLK low to PCM_A/B input invalid 100 ns tDCD Delay time, PCM_CLK high to PCM_A/B output valid 22/27 150 ns STLC2416 Figure 12. PCM interface timing tWCL PCM_CLK tWCH tSSC PCM_SYNC tSDC tWSH tHCD MSB PCM_A/B in MSB-1 MSB-2 MSB-3 MSB-4 tDCD MSB PCM_B/A out MSB-1 MSB-2 MSB-3 MSB-4 D02TL557 9 HCI UART TRANSPORT LAYER The UART Transport Layer has been specified by the BluetoothTM SIG, and allows HCI level communication between a host controller (STLC2416) and a host (e.g. PC), via a serial line. The objective of this HCI UART Transport Layer is to make it possible to use the BluetoothTM HCI over a serial interface between two UARTs on the same PCB. The HCI UART Transport Layer assumes that the UART communication is free from line errors. 9.1 UART Settings The HCI UART Transport Layer uses the following settings for RS232: - Baud rate: Configurable (Default baud rate: 57.600 kbps) - Number of data bits: 8 - Parity bit: no parity - Stop bit: 1 stop bit - Flow control: RTS/CTS - Flow-off response time: 3 ms Flow control with RTS/CTS is used to prevent temporary UART buffer overrun. It should not be used for flow control of HCI, since HCI has its own flow control mechanisms for HCI commands, HCI events and HCI data. If CTS is 1, then the Host/Host Controller is allowed to send. If CTS is 0, then the Host/Host Controller is not allowed to send. The flow-off response time defines the maximum time from setting RTS low until the byte flow actually stops. The signals should be connected in a null-modem fashion; i.e. the local TXD should be connected to the remote RXD and the local RTS should be connected to the remote CTS and vice versa. Figure 13. UART Transport Layer BLUETHOOTH HOST BLUETHOOTH HCI HCI UART TRANSPORT LAYER BLUETHOOTH HOST CONTROLLER D02TL556 23/27 STLC2416 10 HCI USB TRANSPORT LAYER The USB Transport Layer has been specified by the BluetoothTM SIG, and allows HCI level communication between a host controller (STLC2416) and a host (e.g. PC), via a USB interface. The USB Transport Layer is completely implemented in SW. It accepts HCI messages from the HCI Layer, prepares it for transmission over a USB bus, and sends it to the USB Driver. It reassembles the HCI messages from USB data received from the USB Driver, and sends these messages to the HCI Layer. The Transport Layer does not interprete the contents (payload) of the HCI messages; it only examines the header. 11 CLASS1 POWER SUPPORT The chip can control an external power amplifier (PA). Several signals are duplicated on GPIOs for this purpose in order to avoid digital/analogue noise loops in the radio. A software controlled register enables the alternate functions of GPIO[15:6] to generate the signals for driving an external PA in a BluetoothTM class1 power application. Every bit enables a dedicated signal on a GPIO pin, as described in Table 14. 12 GPIOS Table 14. GPIOs alternate functionalities Involved GPIO gpio0 gpio1 gpio2 gpio3 gpio4 gpio5 gpio6 gpio7 gpio8 gpio9 gpio10 gpio11 gpio12 gpio13 gpio14 gpio15 Description of alternate dedicated functionality No dedicated function WLAN 1 WLAN 2 WLAN 3 WLAN 4 (Used for USB reset pull.) Power Class 1 brxen Power Class 1 not_brxen Power Class 1 PA0 or PCM sync 1 Power Class 1 PA1 or PCM sync 2 Power Class 1 PA2 or PCM sync 3 Power Class 1 PA3 Power Class 1 PA4 Power Class 1 PA5 Power Class 1 PA6 Power Class 1 PA7 The signal brxen is the same as the brxen radio output pin. The signal not_brxen is the inverted signal, in order to save components on the application board. PA7 to PA0 are the power amplifier control lines. They are managed, on a connection basis, by the baseband core. The Power Level programmed for a certain BluetoothTM connection is managed by the firmware, as specified in the BluetoothTM SIG spec. The WLAN signals, as described in section 7.12, can be enabled on GPIO pins. The extra PCM sync signals, as described in section 8.7, can be flexibly configured on GPIO pins to connect multiple codecs. 24/27 STLC2416 Figure 14. LFBGA120 Mechanical Data & Package Dimensions DIM. A A1 A2 b D D1 D2 E E1 E2 eD eE FD FE mD mE n SE SD aaa bbb ddd eee fff MIN. 0.20 mm TYP. MAX. 1.40 MIN. inch TYP. MAX. 0.055 0.008 1 0.039 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.010 0.012 0.014 9.90 10.00 10.10 0.390 0.394 0.398 8.50 0.335 6.50 0.256 9.90 10.00 10.10 0.390 0.394 0.398 8.50 0.335 6.50 0.256 0.50 basic 0.020 basic 0.50 basic 0.020 basic 0.75 0.029 0.75 0.029 18 18 120 balls 0.25 basic 0.0098 basic 0.25 basic 0.0098 basic Tolerance 0.15 0.006 0.10 0.0039 0.08 0.0031 0.15 0.006 0.05 0.002 OUTLINE AND MECHANICAL DATA Body: 10 x 10 x 1.4mm LFBGA120 Low Fine Ball Grid Array 7513355 A 25/27 STLC2416 Table 15. Revision History 26/27 Date Revision June 2004 1 Description of Changes First Issue STLC2416 Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics. The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. The BLUETOOTHTM word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by STMicroelectronics is under license. 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