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1997 Microchip Technology Inc. December 1997 /DS33023A
PICmicro™
Mid-Range MCU Family
Reference Manual
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December 1997 /DS33023A
1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
Internationally Recognized Quality
System Certifications
Microchip’ s Quality System embodies the requirements
of ISO9001:1994. Our Microchip Chandler and Tempe
Design and Manuf acturing facilities ha v e been certified
to ISO 9001. The Microchip Kaohsiung Test facility, and
primary Assembly houses have been certified to ISO
9002. ISO certification plans are in-process for an esti-
mated certification grant by year-end 1997. In addition,
Microchip has received numerous customer certifica-
tions, including a Delco issued certificate of compliance
to AEC-A100/QS9000.
Microchip received ISO 9001 Quality System certifica-
tion for its worldwide headquar ters, design, and wafer
fabrication facilities in January, 1997. Our field-pro-
grammab le PICmicro™ 8-bit MCUs , Serial EEPROMs ,
related specialty memory products and development
systems conform to the stringent quality standards of
the International Standard Organization (ISO).
“All rights reser ved. Copyright © 1997, Microchip Technology
Incorporated, USA. Information contained in this publication
regarding device applications and the like is intended through
suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. No rep-
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Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accu-
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The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of
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All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are
the property of their respective companies. No licenses are
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erty rights.”
Trademarks
The Microchip name, logo, PIC, K
EE
L
OQ
, PICMASTER,
PICSTART, PRO MATE, and SEEVAL are registered
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A.
MPLAB, PICmicro, ICSP and In-Circuit Serial Programming
are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated.
Serialized Quick-Tur n Production is a Service Mar k of Micro-
chip Technology Incorporated.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00097D-page iii
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SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................1-2
Manual Objective ..............................................................................................................................................1-3
Device Structure ...............................................................................................................................................1-4
Development Support .......................................................................................................................................1-6
Device Varieties ...............................................................................................................................................1-7
Style and Symbol Conventions ......................................................................................................................1-12
Related Documents ........................................................................................................................................1-14
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................1-17
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................1-18
SECTION 2. OSCILLATOR 2-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................2-2
Oscillator Configurations ..................................................................................................................................2-2
Crystal Oscillators / Ceramic Resonators .........................................................................................................2-4
External RC Oscillator ....................................................................................................................................2-12
Internal 4 MHz RC Oscillator ..........................................................................................................................2-13
Effects of Sleep Mode on the On-chip Oscillator ............................................................................................2-17
Effects of Device Reset on the On-chip Oscillator .........................................................................................2-17
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................2-18
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................2-19
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................2-20
SECTION 3. RESET 3-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................3-2
Power-on Reset (POR), Power-up Timer (PWRT),
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), Brown-out Reset (BOR), and Parity Error Reset (PER) ..............................3-4
Registers and Status Bit Values .....................................................................................................................3-10
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................3-16
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................3-17
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................3-18
SECTION 4. ARCHITECTURE 4-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................4-2
Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle ..................................................................................................................4-5
Instruction Flow/Pipelining ................................................................................................................................4-6
I/O Descriptions ................................................................................................................................................4-7
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................4-12
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................4-13
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................4-14
Table of Contents
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SECTION 5. CPU AND ALU 5-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................5-2
General Instruction Format ...............................................................................................................................5-4
Central Processing Unit (CPU) .........................................................................................................................5-4
Instruction Clock ...............................................................................................................................................5-4
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) ...........................................................................................................................5-5
STATUS Register .............................................................................................................................................5-6
OPTION_REG Register ...................................................................................................................................5-8
PCON Register .................................................................................................................................................5-9
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................5-10
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................5-11
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................5-12
SECTION 6. MEMORY ORGANIZATION 6-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................6-2
Program Memory Organization ........................................................................................................................6-2
Data Memory Organization ..............................................................................................................................6-8
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................6-14
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................6-16
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................6-17
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................6-18
SECTION 7. DATA EEPROM 7-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................7-2
Control Register ...............................................................................................................................................7-3
EEADR ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-4
EECON1 and EECON2 Registers ....................................................................................................................7-4
Reading the EEPROM Data Memory ...............................................................................................................7-5
Writing to the EEPROM Data Memory .............................................................................................................7-5
Write Verify .......................................................................................................................................................7-6
Protection Against Spurious Writes ..................................................................................................................7-7
Data EEPROM Operation During Code Protected Configuration ....................................................................7-7
Initialization .......................................................................................................................................................7-7
Design Tips ......................................................................................................................................................7-8
Related Application Notes ................................................................................................................................7-9
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................7-10
SECTION 8. INTERRUPTS 8-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................8-2
Control Registers ..............................................................................................................................................8-5
Interrupt Latency ............................................................................................................................................8-10
INT and External Interrupts ............................................................................................................................8-10
Context Saving During Interrupts ...................................................................................................................8-11
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................8-14
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................8-16
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................8-17
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................8-18
Table of Contents
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SECTION 9. I/O PORTS 9-1
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................9-2
PORTA and the TRISA Register ......................................................................................................................9-4
PORTB and the TRISB Register ......................................................................................................................9-6
PORTC and the TRISC Register ......................................................................................................................9-8
PORTD and the TRISD Register ......................................................................................................................9-9
PORTE and the TRISE Register ....................................................................................................................9-10
PORTF and the TRISF Register ....................................................................................................................9-11
PORTG and the TRISG Register ...................................................................................................................9-12
GPIO and the TRISGP Register .....................................................................................................................9-13
I/O Programming Considerations ...................................................................................................................9-14
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................9-16
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................9-17
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................9-19
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................9-20
SECTION 10. PARALLEL SLAVE PORT 10-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................10-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................10-3
Operation ........................................................................................................................................................10-4
Operation in Sleep Mode ................................................................................................................................10-5
Effect of a Reset .............................................................................................................................................10-5
PSP Waveforms .............................................................................................................................................10-5
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................10-6
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................10-7
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................10-8
Table of Contents
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SECTION 11. TIMER0 11-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................11-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................11-3
Operation ........................................................................................................................................................11-4
TMR0 Interrupt ...............................................................................................................................................11-5
Using Timer0 with an External Clock .............................................................................................................11-6
TMR0 Prescaler .............................................................................................................................................11-7
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................11-10
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................11-11
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................11-12
SECTION 12. TIMER1 12-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................12-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................12-3
Timer1 Operation in Timer Mode ...................................................................................................................12-4
Timer1 Operation in Synchronized Counter Mode .........................................................................................12-4
Timer1 Operation in Asynchronous Counter Mode ........................................................................................12-5
Timer1 Oscillator ............................................................................................................................................12-7
Sleep Operation .............................................................................................................................................12-9
Resetting Timer1 Using a CCP Trigger Output ..............................................................................................12-9
Resetting of Timer1 Register Pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) ......................................................................................12-9
Timer1 Prescaler ............................................................................................................................................12-9
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................12-10
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................12-12
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................12-13
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................12-14
SECTION 13. TIMER2 13-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................13-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................13-3
Timer Clock Source ........................................................................................................................................13-4
Timer (TMR2) and Period (PR2) Registers ....................................................................................................13-4
TMR2 Match Output .......................................................................................................................................13-4
Clearing the Timer2 Prescaler and Postscaler ...............................................................................................13-4
Sleep Operation .............................................................................................................................................13-4
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................13-5
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................13-6
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................13-7
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................13-8
SECTION 14. COMPARE/CAPTURE/PWM (CCP) 14-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................14-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................14-3
Capture Mode .................................................................................................................................................14-4
Compare Mode ...............................................................................................................................................14-6
PWM Mode .....................................................................................................................................................14-8
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................14-12
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................14-15
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................14-17
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................14-18
Table of Contents
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SECTION 15. SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (SSP) 15-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................15-2
Control Registers ............................................................................................................................................15-3
SPI Mode ........................................................................................................................................................15-6
SSP I
2
C Operation .......................................................................................................................................15-16
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................15-26
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................15-28
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................15-29
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................15-30
SECTION 16. BASIC SYCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (BSSP) 16-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................16-2
Control Registers ............................................................................................................................................16-3
SPI Mode ........................................................................................................................................................16-6
SSP I
2
C Operation .......................................................................................................................................16-15
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................16-23
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................16-24
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................16-25
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................16-26
SECTION 17. MASTER SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT (MSSP) 17-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................17-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................17-4
SPI Mode ........................................................................................................................................................17-9
SSP I
2
C™ Operation ....................................................................................................................................17-18
Connection Considerations for I
2
C Bus ........................................................................................................17-56
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................17-57
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................17-58
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................17-59
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................17-60
SECTION 18. USART 18-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................18-2
Control Registers ............................................................................................................................................18-3
USART Baud Rate Generator (BRG) .............................................................................................................18-5
USART Asynchronous Mode .........................................................................................................................18-8
USART Synchronous Master Mode .............................................................................................................18-15
USART Synchronous Slave Mode ...............................................................................................................18-19
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................18-21
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................18-22
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................18-23
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................18-24
Table of Contents
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SECTION 19. VOLTAGE REFERENCE 19-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................19-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................19-3
Configuring the Voltage Reference ................................................................................................................19-4
Voltage Reference Accuracy/Error .................................................................................................................19-5
Operation During Sleep ..................................................................................................................................19-5
Effects of a Reset ...........................................................................................................................................19-5
Connection Considerations ............................................................................................................................19-6
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................19-7
Design Tips ....................................................................................................................................................19-8
Related Application Notes ..............................................................................................................................19-9
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................19-10
SECTION 20. COMPARATOR 20-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................20-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................20-3
Comparator Configuration ..............................................................................................................................20-4
Comparator Operation ....................................................................................................................................20-6
Comparator Reference ...................................................................................................................................20-6
Comparator Response Time ..........................................................................................................................20-8
Comparator Outputs .......................................................................................................................................20-8
Comparator Interrupts ....................................................................................................................................20-9
Comparator Operation During SLEEP ...........................................................................................................20-9
Effects of a RESET ........................................................................................................................................20-9
Analog Input Connection Considerations .....................................................................................................20-10
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................20-11
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................20-12
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................20-13
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................20-14
SECTION 21. 8-BIT A/D CONVERTER 21-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................21-2
Control Registers ............................................................................................................................................21-3
Operation ........................................................................................................................................................21-5
A/D Acquisition Requirements ........................................................................................................................21-6
Selecting the A/D Conversion Clock ..............................................................................................................21-8
Configuring Analog Port Pins .........................................................................................................................21-9
A/D Conversions ..........................................................................................................................................21-10
A/D Operation During Sleep .........................................................................................................................21-12
A/D Accuracy/Error .......................................................................................................................................21-13
Effects of a RESET ......................................................................................................................................21-13
Use of the CCP Trigger ................................................................................................................................21-14
Connection Considerations ..........................................................................................................................21-14
Transfer Function .........................................................................................................................................21-14
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................21-15
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................21-16
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................21-17
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................21-18
Table of Contents
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SECTION 22. BASIC 8-BIT A/D CONVERTER 22-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................22-2
Control Registers ............................................................................................................................................22-3
A/D Acquisition Requirements ........................................................................................................................22-6
Selecting the A/D Conversion Clock ..............................................................................................................22-8
Configuring Analog Port Pins .......................................................................................................................22-10
A/D Conversions ..........................................................................................................................................22-11
A/D Operation During Sleep .........................................................................................................................22-14
A/D Accuracy/Error .......................................................................................................................................22-15
Effects of a RESET ......................................................................................................................................22-16
Connection Considerations ..........................................................................................................................22-16
Transfer Function .........................................................................................................................................22-16
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................22-17
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................22-18
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................22-19
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................22-20
SECTION 23. 10-BIT A/D CONVERTER 23-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................23-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................23-3
Operation ........................................................................................................................................................23-5
A/D Acquisition Requirements ........................................................................................................................23-6
Selecting the A/D Conversion Clock ..............................................................................................................23-8
Configuring Analog Port Pins .........................................................................................................................23-9
A/D Conversions ..........................................................................................................................................23-10
Operation During Sleep ................................................................................................................................23-14
Effects of a Reset .........................................................................................................................................23-14
A/D Accuracy/Error .......................................................................................................................................23-15
Connection Considerations ..........................................................................................................................23-16
Transfer Function .........................................................................................................................................23-16
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................23-17
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................23-18
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................23-19
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................23-20
SECTION 24. SLOPE A/D 24-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................24-2
Control Registers ............................................................................................................................................24-3
Conversion Process .......................................................................................................................................24-6
Other Analog Modules ..................................................................................................................................24-12
Calibration Parameters .................................................................................................................................24-13
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................24-14
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................24-15
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................24-16
Table of Contents
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PAGE
SECTION 25. LCD 25-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................25-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................25-3
LCD Timing ....................................................................................................................................................25-6
LCD Interrupts ..............................................................................................................................................25-12
Pixel Control .................................................................................................................................................25-13
Voltage Generation ......................................................................................................................................25-15
Operation During Sleep ................................................................................................................................25-16
Effects of a Reset .........................................................................................................................................25-17
Configuring the LCD Module ........................................................................................................................25-17
Discrimination Ratio .....................................................................................................................................25-18
LCD Voltage Generation ..............................................................................................................................25-20
Contrast ........................................................................................................................................................25-22
LCD Glass ....................................................................................................................................................25-22
Initialization ...................................................................................................................................................25-23
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................25-24
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................25-25
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................25-26
SECTION 26. WATCHDOG TIMER AND SLEEP MODE 26-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................26-2
Control Register .............................................................................................................................................26-3
Watchdog Timer (WDT) Operation .................................................................................................................26-4
SLEEP (Power-Down) Mode ..........................................................................................................................26-7
Initialization .....................................................................................................................................................26-9
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................26-10
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................26-11
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................26-12
SECTION 27. DEVICE CONFIGURATION BITS 27-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................27-2
Configuration Word Bits .................................................................................................................................27-4
Program Verification/Code Protection ............................................................................................................27-8
ID Locations ...................................................................................................................................................27-9
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................27-10
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................27-11
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................27-12
SECTION 28. IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING™ 28-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................28-2
Entering In-Circuit Serial Programming Mode ................................................................................................28-3
Application Circuit ...........................................................................................................................................28-4
Programmer ...................................................................................................................................................28-6
Programming Environment .............................................................................................................................28-6
Other Benefits ................................................................................................................................................28-7
Field Programming of PICmicro OTP MCUs ..................................................................................................28-8
Field Programming of FLASH PICmicros .....................................................................................................28-10
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................28-12
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................28-13
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................28-14
Table of Contents
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SECTION 29. INSTRUCTION SET 29-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................29-2
Instruction Formats .........................................................................................................................................29-4
Special Function Registers as Source/Destination ........................................................................................29-6
Q Cycle Activity ..............................................................................................................................................29-7
Instruction Descriptions ..................................................................................................................................29-8
Design Tips ..................................................................................................................................................29-45
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................29-47
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................29-48
SECTION 30. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 30-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................30-2
Absolute Maximums .......................................................................................................................................30-3
Device Selection Table ...................................................................................................................................30-4
Device Voltage Specifications ........................................................................................................................30-5
Device Current Specifications ........................................................................................................................30-6
Input Threshold Levels ...................................................................................................................................30-9
I/O Current Specifications ............................................................................................................................30-10
Output Drive Levels ......................................................................................................................................30-11
I/O Capacitive Loading .................................................................................................................................30-12
Data EEPROM / Flash .................................................................................................................................30-13
LCD ..............................................................................................................................................................30-14
Comparators and Voltage Reference ...........................................................................................................30-15
Timing Parameter Symbology ......................................................................................................................30-16
Example External Clock Timing Waveforms and Requirements ..................................................................30-17
Example Power-up and Reset Timing Waveforms and Requirements ........................................................30-19
Example Timer0 and Timer1 Timing Waveforms and Requirements ...........................................................30-20
Example CCP Timing Waveforms and Requirements .................................................................................30-21
Example Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Timing Waveforms and Requirements .................................................30-22
Example SSP and Master SSP SPI Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements ......................................30-23
Example SSP I
2
C Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements ..................................................................30-27
Example Master SSP I
2
C Mode Timing Waveforms and Requirements ......................................................30-30
Example USART/SCI Timing Waveforms and Requirements ......................................................................30-32
Example 8-bit A/D Timing Waveforms and Requirements ...........................................................................30-34
Example 10-bit A/D Timing Waveforms and Requirements .........................................................................30-36
Example Slope A/D Timing Waveforms and Requirements .........................................................................30-38
Example LCD Timing Waveforms and Requirements ..................................................................................30-40
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................30-41
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................30-42
SECTION 31. DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS 31-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................31-2
Characterization vs. Electrical Specification ...................................................................................................31-2
DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables .............................................................................................31-2
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................31-22
Table of Contents
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SECTION 32. DEVELOPMENT TOOLS 32-1
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................32-2
The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) ...........................................................................................32-3
MPLAB Software Language Support .............................................................................................................32-6
MPLAB-SIM Simulator Software ....................................................................................................................32-8
MPLAB Emulator Hardware Support ..............................................................................................................32-9
MPLAB Programmer Support .......................................................................................................................32-10
Supplemental Tools ......................................................................................................................................32-11
Development Boards ....................................................................................................................................32-12
Development Tools for Other Microchip Products ........................................................................................32-14
Related Application Notes ............................................................................................................................32-15
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................32-16
SECTION 33. CODE DEVELOPMENT 33-1
Revision History .............................................................................................................................................33-2
SECTION 34. APPENDIX 34-1
I
2
C
Overview ...............................................................................................................................................34-2
List of LCD Glass Manufacturers ................................................................................................................. 34-11
Device Enhancement ...................................................................................................................................34-13
Revision History ........................................................................................................................................... 34-19
SECTION 35. GLOSSARY 35-1
Revision History ...........................................................................................................................................35-14
Table of Contents
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A page 1-1
Introduction
1
M
Section 1. Introduction
HIGHLIGHTS
This section of the manual contains the following major topics:
1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................1-2
1.2 Manual Objective ...........................................................................................................1-3
1.3 Device Structure ............................................................................................................1-4
1.4 Development Support....................................................................................................1-6
1.5 De vice V arieties..............................................................................................................1-7
1.6 Style and Symbol Conventions....................................................................................1-12
1.7 Related Documents .....................................................................................................1-14
1.8 Related Application Notes............................................................................................1-17
1.9 Revision History...........................................................................................................1-18
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-2
1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.1 Introduction
Microchip is the Embedded Control Solutions Company
. The company’s focus is on products
that meet the needs of the embedded control market. We are a leading supplier of:
• 8-bit General Purpose Microcontrollers (PICmicro™ MCUs)
• Speciality and standard non-volatile memory devices
• Security devices (K
EE
L
OQ®
)
• Application specific standard products
Please request a Microchip Product Line Card f or a listing of all the interesting products that we
hav e to off er. This literature can be obtained from your local sales office , or downloaded from the
Microchip web site (www.microchip.com).
In the past, 8-bit MCU users were fix ed on the traditional MCU model for production, a R OM device
was required. Microchip has been the leader in changing this perception by showing that OTP
de vices can give a better lifetime product cost compared to ROM versions .
Microchip has a strength is in EPROM technology. That made it the memory technology of choice
for the PICmicro MCU’s program memory. Microchip has minimized the cost difference between
EPROM and ROM memory technology, and therefore Microchip can pass these benefits onto our
customers. This is not true f or other MCU vendors, and is seen in the price diff erence between their
EPROM and ROM versions .
The growth of Microchip’s 8-bit MCU market share is a testament to the PICmicro MCUs ability to
meet the needs of many. This growth has made the PICmicro architecture one of the top three
architectures av ailab le in the gener al market today. This g rowth w as fueled b y the Microchip vision
of the benefits of a low cost OTP solution. Some of the benefits for the customer include:
• Quick time to market
• Allows code changes to product, during production run
• No Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) charges f or Mask Revisions
• Ability to easily serialize the product
• Ability to store calibration data, without additional hardware
• Better able to maximize PICmicro MCU inventory
• Less risk, since the same device is used f or development as well as for production.
Microchip’ s PICmicro 8-bit MCUs off er a price/performance ratio that allows them to be considered
for any traditional 8-bit MCU application as well as some traditional 4-bit applications (Base-Line
f amily), dedicated logic replacement and lo w-end DSP applications (High-End family). These fea-
tures and price-performance mix make PICmicro MCUs an attractive solution for most applications.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A-page 1-3
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction
1
1.2 Manual Objective
PICmicro devices are grouped by the size of their Instruction Word. The three current PICmicro
families are:
1. Base-Line: 12-bit Instruction Word length
2. Mid-Range: 14-bit Instruction Word length
3. High-End: 16-bit Instruction Word length
This manual focuses on the Mid-Range devices, which are also referred to as the PIC16CXXX
MCU family.
The operation of the PIC16CXXX MCU f amily architecture and peripheral modules is explained,
but does not co ver the specifics of each de vice. Theref ore, it is not intended to replace the de vice
data sheets, but complement them. In other words, this guide supplies the general details and
operation of the PICmicro architecture and peripheral modules, while the data sheet s give spe-
cific details such as device memory mapping.
Initialization e xamples are given throughout this man ual. These examples sometimes need to be
written as device specific as opposed to family generic, though they are valid for most other
devices. Some modifications may be required f or devices with v ariations in register file mappings.
Note: The first few Mid-Range devices have minor device variations when compared to
this general description. We have tried to descr ibe these variations throughout this
manual. Please refer to the specific device data sheet for complete infor mation on
the device.
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-4 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.3 Device Structure
Each part of a device can be placed into one of three groups:
1. Core
2. Peripherals
3. Special Features
1.3.1 The Core
The core pertains to the basic features that are required to make the device operate. These
include:
1. Device Oscillator Revision “DS31002A”
2. Reset logic Revision “DS31003A”
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) operation Revision “DS31005A”
4. ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) operation Revision “DS31005A”
5. Device memory map organization Revision “DS31006A”
6. Interrupt operation Revision “DS31008A”
7. Instruction set Revision “DS31029A”
1.3.2 Peripherals
P eripherals are the features that add a diff erentiation from a microprocessor . These ease in inter-
facing to the external world (such as general purpose I/O, LCD drivers, A/D inputs, and PWM
outputs), and internal tasks such as keeping different time bases (such as timers). The peripher-
als that are discussed are:
1. General purpose I/O Revision “DS31009A”
2. Timer0 Re vision “DS31011A”
3. Timer1 Re vision “DS31012A”
4. Timer2 Re vision “DS31013A”
5. Capture, Compare, and PWM (CCP) Revision “DS31014A”
6. Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Revision “DS31015A”
7. Basic Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Revision “DS31016A”
8. Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Revision “DS31017A”
9. USART (SCI) Revision “DS31018A”
10. Voltage References Revision “DS31019A”
11. Comparators Re vision “DS31020A”
12. 8-bit Analog to Digital (A/D) Revision “DS31021A”
13. Basic 8-bit Analog to Digital (A/D) Revision “DS31022A”
14. 10-bit Analog to Digital (A/D) Revision “DS31023A”
15. Slope Analog to Digital (A/D) w/ Thermister Revision “DS31024A”
16. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Drivers Revision “DS31025A”
17. Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Revision “DS31010A”
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A-page 1-5
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction
1
1.3.3 Special Features
Special features are the unique features that help to do one or more of the following things:
• Decrease system cost
• Increase system reliability
• Increase design flexibility
The Mid-Range PICmicro MCUs off er sev eral f eatures that help achiev e these goals. The special
features discussed are:
1. Device Configuration bits Revision “DS31027A”
2. On-chip Power-on Reset (POR) Revision “DS31003A”
3. Brown-out Reset (BOR) logic Revision “DS31003A”
4. W atchdog Timer Re vision “DS31026A”
5. Low power mode (Sleep) Revision “DS31026A”
6. Internal RC device oscillator Revision “DS31002A”
7. In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) Revision “DS31028A”
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-6 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.4 Development Support
Microchip offers a wide range of development tools that allow users to efficiently develop and
debug application code . Microchip’ s de v elopment tools can be brok en down into four categories:
1. Code generation
2. Software debug
3. Device programmer
4. Product evaluation boards
All tools developed by Microchip operate under the MPLAB™ Integrated Development Environ-
ment (IDE), while some third party tools may not. The code generation tools include:
• MPASM
• MPLAB-C
• MP-DriveWay™
These software de v elopment programs include de vice header files . Each header file defines the
register names (as shown in the de vice data sheet) to the specified address or bit location. Using
the header files eases code migration, and reduces the tediousness of memorizing a register’s
address or a bit’s position in a register.
Tools which ease in debugging software are:
• PICMASTER® In-Circuit Emulator
• ICEPIC In-Circuit Emulator
• MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator
After generating and deb ugging the application software, the de vice will need to be programmed.
Microchip offers two levels of programmers:
1. PICSTART Plus programmer
2. PROMATE II programmer
Demonstration boards allow the developer of software code to evaluate the capability and suit-
ability of the device to the application. The demo boards offered are:
• PICDEM-1
• PICDEM-2
• PICDEM-3
• PICDEM-14A
A full description of each of Microchip’s development tools is discussed in the “Development
Tools” section. As new tools are developed, product briefs and user guides may be obtained
from the Microchip web site (www.microchip.com) or from your local Microchip Sales Office.
Code de velopment recommendations and techniques are provided in the “Code De velopment”
section.
Microchip offers other reference tools to speed the development cycle. These include:
• Application Notes
• Reference Designs
• Microchip web site
• Microchip BBS
• Local Sales Offices with Field Application Support
• Corporate Support Line
Additional avenues of assistance can be found in many Web User Groups including the MIT
reflector PIClist. The Microchip web site lists other sites that may be useful references.
Note: Microchip strongly recommends that the supplied header files be used in the source
code of your program. This eases code migration as well as increases the quality
and depth of the technical support that Microchip can offer.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A-page 1-7
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction
1
1.5 Device Varieties
Once the functional requirements of the device are specified, some other decisions need to be
made. These include:
• Memory technology
• Operating voltage
• Operating temperature range
• Operating frequency
• Packaging
Microchip has a large number of options and option combinations, one of which should fulfill y our
requirements.
1.5.1 Memory Varieties
Memor y technology has no effect on the logical operation of a device. Due to the different pro-
cessing steps required, some electrical characteristics may v ary between devices with the same
f eature set/pinout but with diff erent memory technologies. An e xample is the electrical character-
istic VIL (Input Low Voltage), which may ha ve some diff erence between a typical EPROM device
and a typical ROM device.
Each device has a variety of frequency ranges and packaging options available. Depending on
application and production requirements, the proper device options can be identified using the
inf ormation in the Product Selection System section at the end of each data sheet. When placing
orders, please use the “Product Identification System” at the back of the data sheet to specify the
correct part number.
When discussing the functionality of the device, the memor y technology and the voltage range
do not matter. Microchip offers three program memory types. The memor y type is designated in
the part number by the first letter(s) after the family affiliation designators.
1. C, as in PIC16CXXX. These devices have EPROM type memory.
2. CR, as in PIC16CRXXX. These devices have ROM type memory.
3. F, as in PIC16FXXX. These devices have Flash type memory.
1.5.1.1 EPROM
Microchip f ocuses on Erasable Programmab le Read Only Memory (EPROM) technology to giv e
the customers flexibility throughout their entire design cycle. With this technology Microchip
offers various packaging options as well as services.
1.5.1.2 Read Only Memory (ROM) Devices
Microchip offers a masked Read Only Memory (ROM) version of several of the highest volume
parts, thus giving customers a lower cost option for high volume, mature products.
ROM devices do not allow serialization information in the program memory space.
For information on submitting ROM code, please contact your local Microchip sales office.
1.5.1.3 Flash Memory Devices
These devices are electr ically erasable, and can therefore be offered in a low cost plastic pack-
age. Being electrically erasable, these devices can be both erased and reprogrammed without
removal from the circuit. A device will have the same specifications whether it is used for proto-
type development, pilot programs, or production.
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-8 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.5.2 Operating Voltage Range Options
All Mid-Range PICmicro™ MCUs operate over the standard voltage range. Devices are also
off ered which operate ov er an e xtended v oltage range (and reduced frequency range). Table 1-1
shows all possib le memory types and voltage range designators f or the PIC16CXXX MCU family.
The designators are in bold typeface.
Table 1-1: Device Memory Type and Voltage Range Designators
As you can see in Table 1-2, Microchip specifications its extended range devices at a more con-
ser vative voltage range until device characterization has ensured they will be able to meet the
goal of their final design specifications.
Table 1-2: Typical Voltage Ranges for Each Device Type
Memory Type Voltage Range
Standard Extended
EPROM PIC16CXXX PIC16LCXXX
ROM PIC16CRXXX PIC16LCRXXX
Flash PIC16FXXX PIC16LFXXX
Note:Not all memory types may be available for a particular device.
T ypical V oltage Range (1) EPROM ROM Flash
Standard C4.5 - 6.0V CR 4.5 - 6.0V F4.5 - 6.0V
Extended Before device characterization LC 3.0 - 6.0V LCR 3.0 - 6.0V LF 3.0 - 6.0V
Final specification (2) LC 2.5 - 6.0V LCR 2.5 - 6.0V LF 2.0 - 6.0V
Note 1: De vices fabricated in Microchip’s 120K Process Technology will have a maximum limit on VDD of 5.5V. New
device data sheets will specify Microchip’s technology designation
2: This voltage range depends on the results of device characterization.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A-page 1-9
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction
1
1.5.3 Packaging V arieties
Depending on the development phase of your project, one of three package types would be used:
The first is a de vice with an erasure window . Typically these are f ound in packages with a ceramic
body. These devices are used for the development phase, since the device’s program memory
can be erased and reprogrammed many times.
The second package type is a lo w cost plastic pac kage . This package type is used in production
where device cost is to be kept to a minimum.
Lastly, there is the DIE option. A DIE is an unpackaged device that has been tested. DIEs are
used in low cost designs and designs where board space is at a minimum. Table 1-3 shows a
quick summary of this.
Table 1-3: Typical Package Uses
Package Type Typical Usage
Windowed Development Mode
Plastic Production
DIE Special Applications, such as those which require minimum board space
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-10 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.5.3.4 UV Erasable Devices
The UV erasable version of EPROM program memor y devices is optimal for prototype develop-
ment and pilot programs.
These de vices can be erased and reprogrammed to any of the configur ation modes. Third party
programmers are also available; refer to Microchip’s
Third Party Guide
(DS00104) for a list of
sources.
The amount of time required to completely erase a UV erasable device depends on: the wave-
length of the light, its intensity, distance from UV source, the process technology of the device
(how small are the memory cells).
1.5.3.5 One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices
The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for customers expecting code changes and
updates.
OTP devices, packaged in plastic packages, permit the user to program them once. In addition
to the program and data EPROM memories, the configuration bits must be programmed.
1.5.3.6 Flash Devices
A Flash de vice allo ws its memory to be changed by an electric charge. This means that the sys-
tem can be designed so that programming may be performed in-circuit. Since no window is
required, the lower cost plastic packages can used for these devices.
1.5.3.7 EEPROM Devices
An EEPROM device allows its memor y to be erased by an electric charge. This means that the
system can be designed so that erasure and reprogr amming may be performed in-circuit. Since
no window is required, the lower cost plastic packages can used for these devices.
Note: Fluorescent lights and sunlight both emit ultra violet light at the er asure wav elength.
Leaving a UV erasable device’s window uncovered could cause, over time, the
devices memory cells to become erased. The erasure time for a fluorescent light is
about three years , while sunlight requires only about one week. To pre vent the mem-
or y cells from losing data, an opaque label should be placed over the erasure win-
dow.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A-page 1-11
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction
1
1.5.3.8 ROM Devices
ROM devices have their program memory fix ed at the time of the silicon manufacture. Since the
program memory cannot be changed, the device can be housed in the lower cost plastic pack-
age.
1.5.3.9 DIE
The DIE option allows the board siz e to become as small as physically possible . The DIE Support
document (DS30258) explains general information about using and designing with DIE. There
are also individual specification sheets that detail DIE specific infor mation. Manufacturing with
DIE requires special knowledge and equipment. This means that the number of manufacturing
houses that support DIE will be limited. If y ou decide to use the DIE option, please research y our
manufacturing sites to ensure that they will be able to meet the specializ ed requirements of DIE
use.
1.5.3.10 Specialized Services
F or OTP customers with established code, Microchip offers two specialized services. These two
services, Quick Turn Production Programming and Serialized Quick Tur n Production Program-
ming, that allow customers to shorten their manufacturing cycle time.
1.5.3.11 Quick Turn Production (QTP) Programming
Microchip offers this programming service for factory production orders. This service is made
av ailable for users who choose not to program a medium to high quantity of units and whose code
patterns have stabilized. The devices are identical to the OTP devices but with all EPROM loca-
tions and configuration options already programmed by the factor y. Certain code and prototype
verification procedures apply before production shipments are available. Please contact your
local Microchip sales office for more details.
1.5.3.12 Serialized Quick Turn Production (SQTPSM) Programming
Microchip offers a this unique programming service where a few user-defined locations in each
device are programmed with different serial numbers. The serial numbers may be random,
pseudo-random or sequential.
Serial programming allows each device to have a unique number which can serve as an
entry-code, password or ID number.
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-12 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.6 Style and Symbol Conventions
Throughout this document, certain style and f ont format changes are used. Most f ormat changes
imply a distinction should be made for the emphasized text. The MCU industry has many symbols
and non-conventional word definitions/abbreviations. Table 1-4 provides a description for many
of the conv entions contained in this document. A glossary is provided in the “Glossary” section,
which contains more word and abbreviation definitions that are used throughout this manual.
1.6.1 Document Conventions
Table 1-4 defines some of the symbols and terms used throughout this manual.
Table 1-4: Document Conventions
Symbol or Term Description
set To force a bit/register to a value of logic ‘1’.
clear To force a bit/register to a value of logic ‘0’.
reset 1) To force a register/bit to its default state.
2) A condition in which the device places itself after a device reset
occurs. Some bits will be forced to ‘0’ (such as interrupt enable bits),
while others will be forced to ‘1’ (such as the I/O data direction bits).
0xnn or nnh Designates the number ‘nn’ in the hexadecimal number system. These
conventions are used in the code examples.
B’bbbbbbbb’ Designates the number ‘bbbbbbbb’ in the binary number system. This
convention is used in the text and in figures and tables.
R-M-W Read - Modify - Write. This is when a register or port is read, then the
value is modified, and that value is then written back to the register or
port. This action can occur from a single instruction (such as bit set file,
BSF) or a sequence of instructions.
: (colon) Used to specify a range, or the concatenation of registers / bits / pins.
An e xample is TMR1H:TMR1L is the concatenation of two 8-bit registers
to form a 16-bit timer value, while SSPM3:SSPM0 are 4-bits used to
specify the mode of the SSP module. Concatenation order (left-right)
usually specifies a positional relationship (MSb to LSb, higher to lower).
< > Specifies bit(s) locations in a particular register.
An e xample is SSPCON<SSPM3:SSPM0> (or SSPCON<3:0>) specifies
the register and associated bits or bit positions.
Courier Font Used f or code examples , binary numbers, and f or Instruction Mnemonics
in the text.
Times Font Used for equations and variables.
Times, Bold Font,
Italics
Used in explanatory text for items called out from a graphic/equa-
tion/example.
Note Notes present information that we wish to reemphasize, either to help
you avoid a common pitfall, or make you aware of operating differences
between some de vice f amily members . A Note is alwa ys in a shaded box
(as below), unless used in a table, where it is at the bottom of the table
(as in this table).
Note: This is a note in a note box.
Caution(1) A caution statement describes a situation that could potentially damage
software or equipment.
Warning(1) A warning statement describes a situation that could potentially cause
personnel harm.
Note 1: The inf ormation in a caution or a warning is provided for y our protection. Please read
each caution and warning carefully.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A-page 1-13
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction
1
1.6.2 Electrical Specifications
Throughout this manual there will be ref erences to electrical specification parameter numbers . A
parameter number represents a unique set of characteristics and conditions that is consistent
between every data sheet, though the actual parameter value may vary from device to device.
The “Electrical Specifications” section sho ws all the specifications that are documented f or all
devices. No one device has all these specifications. This section is intended to let you know the
types of parameters that Microchip specifies. The value of each specification is device depen-
dent, though we strongly attempt to keep them consistent across all devices.
Table 1-5: Electrical Specification Parameter Numbering Convention
Parameter
Number
Format Comment
Dxxx DC Specification
Axxx DC Specification for Analog peripherals
xxx Timing (AC) Specification
PDxxx Device Programming DC Specification
Pxxx Device Programming Timing (AC) Specification
Legend: xxx: represents a number.
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-14 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.7 Related Documents
Microchip , as well as other sources, off ers additional documentation which can aid in y our de v el-
opment with PICmicro MCUs. These lists contain the most common documentation but other
documents ma y also be a v ailab le . Please check the Microchip w eb site (www.micr ochip.com) f or
the latest published technical documentation.
1.7.1 Microchip Documentation
The following documents are available from Microchip. Many of these documents provide appli-
cation specific infor mation that give actual examples of using, programming and designing with
PICmicro MCUs.
1. MPASM User’s Guide (DS33014)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s MPASM assembler.
2. MPLAB™-C Compiler User’s Guide (DS51014)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s MPLAB-C C compiler.
3. MPLAB User’s Guide (DS51025)
This document e xplains how to use Microchip’s MPLAB Integrated De velopment En viron-
ment.
4. MPLAB Editor User’s Guide (DS30420)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s MPLAB built-in editor.
5. PICMASTER® User’s Guide (DS30421)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s PICMASTER In-Circuit Emulator.
6. MPSIM User’s Guide (DS30027)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s MPLAB Simulator.
7. PRO MATE® User’s Guide (DS30082)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s PRO MATE universal programmer.
8. PICSTART®-Plus User’s Guide (DS51028)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s PICSTART-Plus low-cost universal pro-
grammer.
9.
fuzzy
TECH®-MP User’s Guide (DS30389)
This document explains how to use the
fuzzy
TECH-MP fuzzy logic code generator.
10. MP-DriveWay™ User’s Guide (DS51027)
This document explains how to use the MP-DriveWay code generator.
11.
fuzzy
TECH-MP Fuzzy Logic Handbook (DS30238)
This document explains the basics of
fuzzy
TECH-MP fuzzy.
12. Embedded Control Handbook Volume I (DS00092)
This document contains a plethora of application notes. This is useful for insight on how
to use the device (or par ts of it) as well as getting star ted on your par ticular application
due to the availability of extensive code files.
13. Embedded Control Handbook Volume II (DS00167)
This document contains the Math Libraries for PICmicro MCUs.
14. In-Circuit Serial Programming Guide™ (DS30277)
This document discusses implementing In-Circuit Serial Programming.
15. PICDEM-1 User’s Guide (DS351079)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s PICDEM-1 demo board.
16. PICDEM-2 User’s Guide (DS30374)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s PICDEM-2 demo board.
17. PICDEM-3 User’s Guide (DS33015)
This document explains how to use Microchip’s PICDEM-3 demo board.
18. Third Party Guide (DS00104)
This document lists Microchip’s third parties, as well as various consultants.
19. DIE Support (DS30258)
This document gives information on using Microchip products in DIE form.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A-page 1-15
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction
1
1.7.2 Third Party Documentation
There are several documents available from third party sources around the world. Microchip
does not review these documents for technical accuracy, however they may be a helpful source
for understanding the operation of Microchip MCU devices. This is not necessar ily a complete
list, but are the documents that w e were a ware of at the time of printing. For more inf ormation on
how to contact some of these sources, as well as any new sources that we become aware of,
please visit the Microchip web site.
DOCUMENT LANGUAGE
The PIC16C5X Microcontroller: A Practical Approach to
Embedded Control
Bill Rigby/ Terry Dalby, Tecksystems Inc.
0-9654740-0-3............................................................................................................English
Easy PIC'n
David Benson, Square 1 Electronics
0-9654162-0-8............................................................................................................English
A Beginners Guide to the Microchip PIC®
Nigel Gardner, Bluebird Electronics
1-899013-01-6............................................................................................................English
PIC Microcontroller Operation and Applications
DN de Beer, Cape Technikon.....................................................................................English
Digital Systems and Programmable Interface Controllers
WP Verburg, Pretoria Technikon ................................................................................English
Mikroprozessor PIC16C5X
Michael Rose, Hüthig
3-7785-2169-1...........................................................................................................German
Mikroprozessor PIC17C42
Michael Rose, Hüthig
3-7785-2170-5...........................................................................................................German
Les Microcontrolleurs PIC et mise en oeuvre
Christian Tavernier , Dunod
2-10-002647-X............................................................................................................French
Micontrolleurs PIC a structure RISC
C.F. Urbain, Publitronic
2-86661-058-X............................................................................................................French
New Possibilities with the Microchip PIC
RIGA .........................................................................................................................Russian
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-16 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
DOCUMENT LANGUAGE
PIC16C5X/71/84 Development and Design, Part 1
United Tech Electronic Co. Ltd
957-21-0807-7.......................................................................................................... Chinese
PIC16C5X/71/84 Development and Design, Part 2
United Tech Electronic Co. Ltd
957-21-1152-3.......................................................................................................... Chinese
PIC16C5X/71/84 Development and Design, Part 3
United Tech Electronic Co. Ltd
957-21-1187-6.......................................................................................................... Chinese
PIC16C5X/71/84 Development and Design, Part 4
United Tech Electronic Co. Ltd
957-21-1251-1.......................................................................................................... Chinese
PIC16C5X/71/84 Development and Design, Part 5
United Tech Electronic Co. Ltd
957-21-1257-0.......................................................................................................... Chinese
PIC16C84 MCU Architecture and Software Development
ICC Company
957-8716-79-6.......................................................................................................... Chinese
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31001A-page 1-17
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction
1
1.8 Related Application Notes
This section lists application notes that are related to this section of the manual. These applica-
tion notes ma y not be written specifically f or the PIC16CXXX Mid-Range MCU family (that is the y
may be wr itten for the Base-Line, or the High-End families), but the concepts are pertinent, and
could be used (with modification and possible limitations). The current application notes related
to an introduction to Microchip’s PICmicro MCUs are:
Title Application Note #
A Comparison of Low End 8-bit Microcontrollers AN520
PIC16C54A EMI Results AN577
Continuous Improvement AN503
Improving the Susceptibility of an Application to ESD AN595
Plastic Packaging and the Effects of Surface Mount Soldering Techniques AN598
PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
DS31001A-page 1-18 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
1.9 Revision History
Revision A
This is the initial released revision of Microchip’s PICmicro MCUs Introduction.
1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS31002A page 2-1
M
Oscillator
2
Section 2. Oscillator
HIGHLIGHTS
This section of the manual contains the following major topics:
2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................2-2
2.2 Oscillator Configurations................................................................................................2-2
2.3 Crystal Oscillators / Ceramic Resonators......................................................................2-4
2.4 External RC Oscillator..................................................................................................2-12
2.5 Internal 4 MHz RC Oscillator .......................................................................................2-13
2.6 Effects of Sleep Mode on the On-chip Oscillator .........................................................2-17
2.7 Effects of Device Reset on the On-chip Oscillator.......................................................2-17
2.8 Design Tips..................................................................................................................2-18
2.9 Related Application Notes............................................................................................2-19
2.10 Revision History...........................................................................................................2-20