Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Based on the Intel(R) CeleronTM Processor and Intel(R) 810 Chipset Reference Configuration August 2000 Order Number: 273292-002 Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel's Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined." Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The Intel(R) CeleronTM and Pentium(R) II processors, 810 Chipset, and 82559 ethernet controller may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order. Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature may be obtained by calling 1-800-548-4725 or by visiting Intel's website at http://www.intel.com. Copyright(c) Intel Corporation, 2000 *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Application Note Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Contents 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................5 1.1 1.2 1.3 Purpose .................................................................................................................5 Terminology........................................................................................................... 5 Revision History .................................................................................................... 5 2.0 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Environment Overview ..........................................6 3.0 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Setup and Operating Environment.......................7 3.1 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Configuration................................................... 8 3.1.1 Network Environment ............................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Teacher Station Management System ..................................................... 9 3.1.3 Multimedia Teaching Software ................................................................. 9 3.1.4 Application Software............................................................................... 10 3.1.5 Remote Booting Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Stations from Server ............................................................ 10 4.0 Recommended Motherboard Configuration for Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Stations................................................... 11 5.0 Design Consideration of Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Hardware .........................................................................13 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Intel(R) CeleronTM Processor ................................................................................. 13 5.1.1 Design Notes for the Intel(R) CeleronTM Processor .................................. 13 Intel(R) 810 Chipset ............................................................................................... 14 5.2.1 The Intel(R) 82810 Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH0) ..............15 5.2.1.1 Design Notes for the Intel(R) 82810 GMCH0............................... 15 5.2.2 The Intel(R) 82801 I/O Controller Hub (ICH).............................................16 5.2.2.1 Design Notes for the Intel(R) 82801 ICH...................................... 16 IDE Connectors ................................................................................................... 17 AC'97 2.1 Compliant Components ...................................................................... 17 5.4.1 Design Notes for AC'97 Devices ............................................................ 18 Audio/Modem Riser Card (AMR).........................................................................18 5.5.1 Design Notes for the Audio/Modem Riser Card ..................................... 18 PCI ......................................................................................................................19 Network Controller -- Intel(R) 82559 Fast Ethernet Controller .............................. 19 5.7.1 Design Note for the Intel(R) 82559 Fast Ethernet Controller .................... 19 5.7.2 Wired for Management........................................................................... 21 5.7.2.1 Instrumentation.......................................................................... 21 5.7.2.2 Remote Service Boot ................................................................ 22 5.7.2.3 Remote Wake-Up ...................................................................... 22 5.7.2.4 Power Management ..................................................................22 Low Pin Count (LPC) Interface............................................................................ 22 6.0 Conclusion......................................................................................................................23 A References ......................................................................................................................25 B Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Schematics ...........................................................27 Application Note 3 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Typical Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Setup .................................................. 7 Building Block of the Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Motherboard ......................................................................... 12 Topology for Single Processor Designs with Single End Termination (SET) ...... 13 Placement of Termination Resistor ..................................................................... 20 Trace Geometry .................................................................................................. 20 Cover Sheet Schematic ...................................................................................... 28 Block Diagram ..................................................................................................... 29 370-Pin Socket (Part 1) ....................................................................................... 30 370-Pin Socket (Part 2) ....................................................................................... 31 GTL Terminal Schematic .................................................................................... 32 Clock Synthesizer Schematic.............................................................................. 33 82810, Part 1: Host Interface Schematic ............................................................ 34 82810, Part 2: System Memory and Hub Interface Schematic ........................... 35 82810, Part 3: Graphics Schematic .................................................................... 36 System Memory Schematic ................................................................................ 37 82810AA, Part 1 Schematic ................................................................................ 38 82810AA, Part 2 Schematic ................................................................................ 39 Firmware Hub (FWH) Schematic ........................................................................ 40 Super I/O Schematic ........................................................................................... 41 PCI Connector Schematic ................................................................................... 42 ATA/33 IDE Connectors Schematic .................................................................... 43 USB Connectors Schematic................................................................................ 44 Parallel Port Header Schematic .......................................................................... 45 Serial Port/Com Headers Schematic .................................................................. 46 Keyboard/Mouse Ports, Floppy Disk Header, Game Post Header Schematic ... 47 Video Connectors Schematic .............................................................................. 48 Audio Riser Schematic ........................................................................................ 49 LAN Schematic ................................................................................................... 50 LAN Schematic ................................................................................................... 51 Voltage Regulators.............................................................................................. 52 Processor Voltage Regulator Schematic ............................................................ 53 System Schematic .............................................................................................. 54 System: Power Connector and Reset Control Schematic................................... 55 Pull-Up Resistors and Unused Gates Schematic................................................ 56 730-Pin Socket Decoupling Schematic ............................................................... 57 DRAM, Chipset and Bulk Power Decoupling Schematic .................................... 58 Revision History Schematic ................................................................................ 59 Tables 1 2 4 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Hardware Descriptions and Recommended Configuration ............................................................................... 8 AC'97 Configuration Combinations ..................................................................... 17 Application Note Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose This application note describes how Intel(R) architecture processors, chipsets, and other components can be used in designs for Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations. An Intel-based electronic classroom is an educational setting in which a network of computers is used as a primary teaching, learning, and assessment tool. A typical Intel-based electronic classroom contains an instructor's system that broadcasts application software to, and often receives data from, student computing stations. The student computing stations can be configured and administered at the server level. Intel architecture components are well-suited for Intel-based electronic classroom systems. Using PC-based building blocks in these designs provides flexibility, upgradability, ease of administration, and high performance for graphic-intensive and internet applications. In addition, Intel architecture processors are compatible with a wide variety of operating system and off-the-shelf application software. This application note describes a typical Intel-based electronic classroom network and provides a reference design for Intel architecture-based electronic classroom student computing stations. Schematics for the reference design are provided in Appendix B of this document. 1.2 Terminology The following terms are used in this document. 1.3 Term Definition Intel-Based Electronic Classroom An electronic teaching and learning environment that uses dedicated, connected student computing stations to implement a specific educational curriculum Remote boot A client operating system boot up from a server in a network environment TCO Total cost of ownership ISV Independent software vendor WfM Intel's Wired for Management initiative Revision History Revision Date Notes 001 October 15, 1999 Initial version. Application Note 5 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station 2.0 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Environment Overview An Intel-based electronic classroom is a teaching and learning environment that uses a server-client system in the classroom to implement the curriculum. Teaching and learning is done using a teacher station, student computing stations, and specific educational software applications and content. With this modern educational technology, educators can deliver intuitive online courses, training, demonstrations, and examinations. They can also incorporate access to the Internet and intranet to enrich the educational experience. An Intel-based electronic classroom LAN environment can consist of up to 60 student computing stations, a teacher station, and a network server. In an Intel-based electronic classroom, every student computing station is administered centrally. These student computing stations have high reliability and security, and low maintenance costs. The student computing stations have a subset of a PC feature set: they typically have a different motherboard configuration (described in Section 4.0) and are configured without a CD-ROM drive or hard disk. This solution provides a greater access to the necessary technology while simplifying maintenance and reducing the total cost of ownership. In schools, PCs can be used in teacher offices as productivity tools for administration and development of teaching materials. These materials may then be used in Intel-based electronic classrooms to teach subjects such as computer skills, languages, sciences, and mathematics. The teacher uses the teacher station in the Intel-based electronic classroom to guide students through the lesson, while each student follows the lesson on his/her own student computing station. The students can also use their student computing stations independently to practice lesson materials and learn other application software. Desirable features of Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations include the following: * Ease of management and maintenance Primary and secondary schools typically do not have a full time Information Technology (IT) staff to manage the Intel-based electronic classroom. Most IT administration is done by teachers and student volunteers. Hence, the student computing stations used in the Intel-based electronic classroom must be easy to manage. Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations can be configured without CD-ROM and floppy drives. This further simplifies the management of these student computing stations by preventing students from erasing files or corrupting the operating system and applications. * Low total cost of ownership (TCO) Schools have limited budgets for setting up Intel-based electronic classrooms. Therefore, a key consideration is affordability in terms of initial capital and ongoing maintenance costs, including the costs of off-the-shelf educational applications and teaching content. * Software availability and compatibility Establishing a productive Intel-based electronic classroom depends on the availability of system-compatible, off-the-shelf applications and teaching materials. It is important that schools have tools to develop customized content to meet the particular needs of their students. * Product life cycle support Schools use Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations for several years before considering an upgrade. Therefore, replacement parts should be available for this duration. 6 Application Note Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station 3.0 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Setup and Operating Environment A typical Intel-based electronic classroom setup is depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1. Typical Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Setup Home PC Internet School Network 15 - 60 Student Computing Stations Server Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Teacher Station A7490-02 The student and teacher stations are linked together in a LAN environment via a network hub or switch device. The LAN network enables the remote boot for diskless student computing stations and file sharing among all the student computing stations. The broadcasting capability is implemented through software using the existing LAN infrastructure. This solution reduces overall system cost, simplifies wiring and upgrade requirements, and enables the use of higher performance processors. The components of a typical Intel-based electronic classroom and their recommended configuration are described in Table 1. Application Note 7 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Table 1. Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Hardware Descriptions and Recommended Configuration Quantity (units) Item Recommended Configuration Teacher Station 1 Intel(R) Pentium(R) III processor, 64 -128 Mbyte SDRAM, Intel(R) 440BX AGPset, Hard-disk, Intel(R) Network Card, Video Capture Card Student Computing Station 15 - 60 Intel(R) CeleronTM processor 433 MHz or better (in 370-pin PPGA) and Intel(R) 810 chipset, 32 Mbyte SDRAM, Intel Network Card integrated on board, Hard-disk (optional) Server 1 Pentium III processor, 128 Mbyte SDRAM, Intel(R) L440GX motherboard, SCSI Hard-disk, Intel Network Card Switch 1-3 Intel Express 510T, 24 10/100Mbit Switching Port Router 1 Intel Express 9500 Router for Internet connection Multimedia teaching Software 1 From ISVs. Based on TCP/IP or IPX network protocol. Intel(R) LANSchool software site is a basic reference: http://www.intel.com/network/products/lanschool.htm 3.1 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Configuration The configuration of the Intel-based electronic classroom depends on the size of the classroom, the network design, and the use of the multimedia broadcasting software. The following describes an example configuration that consists of five main parts: * * * * * Network environment Teacher Station management system Multimedia broadcasting software Application and education software Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations that remote boot from server The following sections describe each component of the example Intel-based electronic classroom. 3.1.1 Network Environment The network can be set-up using Windows* NT 4.0 or Novell Netware* on the server. The teacher station and student computing stations run on Windows 95/98 operating systems. The Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations boot up remotely from a server that is connected in a LAN environment. 8 Application Note Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station 3.1.2 Teacher Station Management System The teacher station in this example can perform the following functions: * Broadcasting the teacher station screen All teaching materials, including presentation, animations, and movies can be broadcast to the student computing stations. * Controlling student computing stations remotely The teacher can control, reset, and lock the student computing stations or receive the display from a particular Intel-based electronic classroom student computing station. * Providing online help The teacher can provide help through the network when students have difficulty with their assignment. The students would also be able to request assistance through the network. 3.1.3 Multimedia Teaching Software The multimedia teaching software utilizes a standard LAN network interface through TCP/IP protocol and typically offers the following features: * Screen broadcasting -- Each computing station (teacher's and student's) can broadcast its screen to some or all students. Only one screen can be broadcast at a time. -- The teacher can lock each student's keyboard and mouse and can broadcast any student's screen to the class. -- All graphics formats, such as MPEG and VCD can be broadcast in real time. * Audio/voice communication -- The teacher's voice can be broadcast to one, several, or all students. -- Conferencing is supported in teacher-student, student-student, or other combinations. -- The voice can be input through MIC or Line In on the sound card. * Remote access -- The teacher can view any student's screen remotely. * Grouping -- Student computing stations can be grouped in any combination for discussion (screen/audio). * Question -- Students can submit questions through MIC or keyboard (using a special function key). -- Two way or multi-way online questioning is supported, as in a "chat" mode. * Remote reset -- The teacher can reset any or all Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations if an error occurs in the system. * Examinations can be administered and completed online. Application Note 9 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station 3.1.4 Application Software Typically, application software, such as word processing and spreadsheet programs, and instructor-developed materials are taught in Intel-based electronic classrooms. In some Intel-based electronic classrooms, students are assessed using on-line examinations. 3.1.5 Remote Booting Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Stations from Server During the remote boot process, the Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations contact the server (using Preboot Execution Environment in the boot ROM of the network interface), install a boot image, and boot the operating system that is pre-configured on the server. Various operating systems can be remote booted from the server, including Windows 95/98 or Linux*. The setup is optimized through the availability of the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) compliant boot ROM. PXE allows the server to set up each student computing station with a specific IP address using the Dynamic Host Communication Protocol (DHCP). The boot ROM then downloads the boot image from the server using the Trivial File Transfer (TFT) protocol. This boot image program then configures the student computing stations and boots the pre-configured operating system. If the Intel-based electronic classroom student computing station's operating system or applications are damaged, they can be recovered by downloading the new image from server when the system restarts. This reduces the total cost of maintenance. Refer to section Section 5.7.2.2, "Remote Service Boot" on page 22 for more information. 10 Application Note Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station 4.0 Recommended Motherboard Configuration for Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Stations The motherboard of this reference design for Intel-based electronic classroom student computing stations is a highly integrated design that incorporates many features on the board. It is recommended that system designers use an LPX form factor or Flex ATX design. The LPX form factor enables the student computing stations to have a very slim casing, which is desirable for small Intel-based electronic classroom environments. Flex ATX helps reduce board size and cost. The components listed below provide an example of a motherboard design based on the Celeron processor and Intel 810 chipset. Main Components of Reference Motherboard for the Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station: * * * * * * * * * * Intel(R) CeleronTM Intel(R) 810 processor 300A/366/433 MHz in 370-pin PPGA Chipset Two DIMM sockets that support up to 512 Mbyte (128 Mbit technology) SDRAM Two IDE interfaces One floppy disk interface COM 1 and COM 2 serials ports and a parallel port PS/2 mouse and keyboard connectors Intel(R) Flash BIOS Super I/O* and USB ports 1 X PCI 2.2-compliant PCI slot Peripherals on Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station: Integrated audio in chipset * Audio Codec '97 2.1 extensions compliant * Stereo line level output * One audio out, audio in, and MIC jack Integrated Graphics * 3-D graphics with texturing and visual enhancements up to 1024x768x16 @85 Hz refresh * 2-D graphics up to 1600x1200x8 @85 Hz refresh * RGB output PCI-based 10/100 Mbps Network card * Intel(R) 82559-based card recommended * One RJ-45 port * Boot ROM which contains Intel(R) Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) Application Note 11 Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Figure 2. Building Block of the Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Motherboard Intel(R) CeleronTM Processor System Bus [66 MHz] Intel(R) 810 Chipset Display I/F Monitor SDRAM Memory 100 MHz 82810 241 BGA GD82559 2 IDE Port/ Ultra AT A66 82801AA USB USB SMBus Intel Network Controller Support 10/100 Mbit One RJ-45 port One Flash boot ROM 241 BGA PCI 33 82802AB 1 PCI REQ/GNT Low Pin Count Interface 4Mb AC'97 Riser AC'97 2.1 Super IO* COM1 & COM 2 Serial Ports Parallel Port PS/2 Mouse Floppy Disk Interface Keyboard Connectors A7493-01 12 Application Note Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station 5.0 Design Consideration of Intel-Based Electronic Classroom Student Computing Station Hardware 5.1 Intel(R) CeleronTM Processor This reference configuration supports the Intel Celeron processor at 300, 366 MHz and 433 MHz in a Plastic Pin Grid Array (PPGA) package. The Intel Celeron processor PPGA package implements a Dynamic Execution micro-architecture and executes MMXTM media technology instructions for enhanced media and communication performance. The Intel Celeron processor PPGA is based on the P6 family processor core and is provided in a PPGA package for use in low cost systems in the value PC and Intel-based electronic classroom student computing station market segments. The Intel Celeron processor PPGA utilizes the AGTL+ system bus used by the Pentium(R) II processor with support limited to single-processor systems. The Intel Celeron processor PPGA includes an integrated 128 Kbyte second level cache with separate 16 Kbyte instruction and 16 Kbyte data level-one caches. The second level cache is capable of caching 4 Gbytes of system memory. 5.1.1 Design Notes for the Intel(R) CeleronTM Processor The schematics use a Single Ended Termination (SET) network topology in which the termination resistors are located at only the PPGA (processor) side to reduce the system cost, solution space, and ringing effect. In the SET topology, the termination should be placed close to the processor either on the motherboard or on the processor substrate. No termination is present at the chipset end of the network. Figure 3. Topology for Single Processor Designs with Single End Termination (SET) VTT 370-Pin Socket L2 - L1 Intel(R) 810 Chipset 1.9"