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You are here:: Digilent Documentation / Reference / Programmable Logic / PYNQ-Z1 / PYNQ-Z1 Reference Manual
The PYNQ-Z1 board is designed to be used with PYNQ, a new open-source framework that enables embedded programmers to exploit the
capabilities of Xilinx Zynq All Programmable SoCs (APSoCs) without having to design programmable logic circuits. Instead the APSoC is
programmed using Python, with the code developed and tested directly on the PYNQ-Z1. The programmable logic circuits are imported as
hardware libraries and programmed through their APIs in essentially the same way that the software libraries are imported and programmed.
The PYNQ-Z1 board is the hardware platform for the PYNQ open-source framework. The software running on the ARM A9 CPUs includes:
A web server hosting the Jupyter Notebook design environment
The IPython kernel and packages
Linux
Base hardware library and API for the FPGA
For designers who want to extend the base system by contributing new hardware libraries, Xilinx Vivado WebPACK tools are available free of cost.
To find out more about PYNQ, please see the project webpage at www.pynq.io. Here you will find materials to help you get started and a forum
for contacting the supporting community.
PYNQ-Z1 PDF
ZYNQ XC7Z020-1CLG400C
650MHz dual-core Cortex-A9 processor
DDR3 memory controller with 8 DMA channels and 4 High Performance AXI3 Slave ports
High-bandwidth peripheral controllers: 1G Ethernet, USB 2.0, SDIO
Low-bandwidth peripheral controller: SPI, UART, CAN, I2C
Programmable from JTAG, Quad-SPI flash, and microSD card
Programmable logic equivalent to Artix-7 FPGA
13,300 logic slices, each with four 6-input LUTs and 8 flip-flops
630 KB of fast block RAM
4 clock management tiles, each with a phase-locked loop (PLL) and mixed-mode clock manager (MMCM)
220 DSP slices
On-chip analog-to-digital converter (XADC)
Memory
512MB DDR3 with 16-bit bus @ 1050Mbps
16MB Quad-SPI Flash with factory programmed 48-bit globally unique EUI-48/64™ compatible identifier
microSD slot
Power
Powered from USB or any 7V-15V external power source
PYNQ-Z1 Reference Manual
Download This Reference Manual
Features
Table of Contents
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Programmable Logic Microprocessors Instrumentation Pmods Software Show pagesource
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USB and Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet PHY
USB-JTAG Programming circuitry
USB-UART bridge
USB OTG PHY (supports host only)
Audio and Video
HDMI sink port (input)
HDMI source port (output)
Microphone with PDM interface
PWM driven mono audio output with 3.5mm jack
Switches, Push-buttons, and LEDs
4 push-buttons
2 slide switches
4 LEDs
2 RGB LEDs
Expansion Connectors
Two standard Pmod ports
16 Total FPGA I/O
Arduino/chipKIT Shield connector
49 Total FPGA I/O
6 Single-ended 0-3.3V Analog inputs to XADC
4 Differential 0-1.0V Analog inputs to XADC
The board can be purchased stand-alone or with an accessory kit that contains a 12V/3A power adapter, 10 foot ethernet cable, USB A to Micro B
cable, and an 8GB, speed class 10 microSD card loaded with the PYNQ image is available. For more information on purchasing, see the PYNQ
Product Page.
The PYNQ-Z1 can be powered from the Digilent USB-JTAG-UART port (J14) or from some other type of power source such as a battery or external
power supply. Jumper JP5 (near the power switch) determines which power source is used.
A USB 2.0 port can deliver maximum 0.5A of current according to the specifications. This should provide enough power for lower complexity
designs. More demanding applications, including any that drive multiple peripheral boards or other USB devices, might require more power than
the USB port can provide. In this case, power consumption will increase until it’s limited by the USB host. This limit varies a lot between
manufacturers of host computers and depends on many factors. When in current limit, once the voltage rails dip below their nominal value, the
Zynq is reset by the Power-on Reset signal and power consumption returns to its idle value. Also, some applications may need to run without
being connected to a PC’s USB port. In these instances an external power supply or battery can be used.
An external power supply (e.g. wall wart) can be used by plugging it into the power jack (J18) and setting jumper JP5 to “REG”. The supply must use
a coax, center-positive 2.1mm internal-diameter plug, and deliver 7VDC to 15VDC. Suitable supplies can be purchased from the Digilent website or
through catalog vendors like DigiKey. Power supply voltages above 15VDC might cause permanent damage. A suitable external power supply is
included with the PYNQ-Z1 accessory kit.
Similar to using an external power supply, a battery can be used to power the PYNQ-Z1 by attaching it to the shield connector and setting jumper
JP5 to “REG”. The positive terminal of the battery must be connected to the pin labeled “VIN” on J7, and the negative terminal must be connected
to the pin labeled GND on J7.
The on-board Texas Instruments TPS65400 PMU creates the required 3.3V, 1.8V, 1.5V, and 1.0V supplies from the main power input. Table 1.1
provides additional information (typical currents depend strongly on Zynq configuration and the values provided are typical of medium
size/speed designs).
All on-board power supplies are enabled or disabled by the power switch SW4. The power indicator LED (LD13) is on when all the supply rails
reach their nominal voltage.
Supply Circuits Current (max/typical)
3.3V FPGA I/O, USB ports, Clocks, Ethernet, SD slot, Flash, HDMI 1.6A/0.1A to 1.5A
1.0V FPGA, Ethernet Core 2.6A/0.2A to 2.1A
1.5V DDR3 1.8A/0.1A to 1.2A
1.8V FPGA Auxiliary, Ethernet I/O, USB Controller 1.8A/0.1A to 0.6A
Table 1.1. PYNQ-Z1 power supplies.
The Zynq APSoC is divided into two distinct subsystems: The Processing System (PS) and the Programmable Logic (PL). Figure 2.1 shows an
overview of the Zynq APSoC architecture, with the PS colored light green and the PL in yellow. Note that the PCIe Gen2 controller and Multi-
gigabit transceivers are not available on the Zynq-7020 device.
1 Power Supplies
2 Zynq APSoC Architecture
Figure 2.1 Zynq APSoC architecture
The PL is nearly identical to a Xilinx 7-series Artix FPGA, except that it contains several dedicated ports and buses that tightly couple it to the PS. The
PL also does not contain the same configuration hardware as a typical 7-series FPGA, and it must be configured either directly by the processor or
via the JTAG port.
The PS consists of many components, including the Application Processing Unit (APU, which includes 2 Cortex-A9 processors), Advanced
Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) Interconnect, DDR3 Memory controller, and various peripheral controllers with their inputs and outputs
multiplexed to 54 dedicated pins (called Multiplexed I/O, or MIO pins). Peripheral controllers that do not have their inputs and outputs connected
to MIO pins can instead route their I/O through the PL, via the Extended-MIO (EMIO) interface. The peripheral controllers are connected to the
processors as slaves via the AMBA interconnect, and contain readable/writable control registers that are addressable in the processors’ memory
space. The programmable logic is also connected to the interconnect as a slave, and designs can implement multiple cores in the FPGA fabric that
each also contain addressable control registers. Furthermore, cores implemented in the PL can trigger interrupts to the processors (connections not
shown in Fig. 3) and perform DMA accesses to DDR3 memory.
There are many aspects of the Zynq APSoC architecture that are beyond the scope of this document. For a complete and thorough description,
refer to the Zynq Technical Reference manual.
Table 2.1 depicts the external components connected to the MIO pins of the PYNQ-Z1. The Zynq Presets File found on the PYNQ-Z1 Resource
Center can be imported into EDK and Vivado Designs to properly configure the PS to work with these peripherals.
MIO 500 3.3 V Peripherals
Pin ENET 0 SPI Flash USB 0 Shield UART 0
0 (N/C)
1CS
2DQ0
3DQ1
4DQ2
5DQ3
6SCLK
7 (N/C)
8SLCK FB
9Ethernet Reset
10 Ethernet Interrupt
11 USB Over Current
12 Shield Reset
13 (N/C)
14 UART Input
15 UART Output
MIO 501 1.8V Peripherals
Pin ENET 0 USB 0 SDIO 0
16 TXCK
17 TXD0
18 TXD1
19 TXD2
20 TXD3
21 TXCTL
22 RXCK
23 RXD0
24 RXD1
25 RXD2
26 RXD3
27 RXCTL
28 DATA4
29 DIR
30 STP
31 NXT
32 DATA0
33 DATA1
34 DATA2
35 DATA3
36 CLK
37 DATA5
38 DATA6
39 DATA7
40 CCLK
41 CMD
42 D0
43 D1
44 D2
45 D3
46 RESETN
47 CD
48 (N/C)
49 (N/C)
50 (N/C)
51 (N/C)
52 MDC
53 MDIO
Table 2.1. MIO Pinout
3 Zynq Configuration
Unlike Xilinx FPGA devices, APSoC devices such as the Zynq-7020 are designed around the processor, which acts as a master to the programmable
logic fabric and all other on-chip peripherals in the processing system. This causes the Zynq boot process to be more similar to that of a
microcontroller than an FPGA. This process involves the processor loading and executing a Zynq Boot Image, which includes a First Stage
Bootloader (FSBL), a bitstream for configuring the programmable logic (optional), and a user application. The boot process is broken into three
stages:
Stage 0
After the PYNQ-Z1 is powered on or the Zynq is reset (in software or by pressing SRST), one of the processors (CPU0) begins executing an internal
piece of read-only code called the BootROM. If and only if the Zynq was just powered on, the BootROM will first latch the state of the mode pins
into the mode register (the mode pins are attached to JP4 on the PYNQ-Z1). If the BootROM is being executed due to a reset event, then the mode
pins are not latched, and the previous state of the mode register is used. This means that the PYNQ-Z1 needs a power cycle to register any change
in the programming mode jumper (JP4). Next, the BootROM copies an FSBL from the form of non-volatile memory specified by the mode register
to the 256 KB of internal RAM within the APU (called On-Chip Memory, or OCM). The FSBL must be wrapped up in a Zynq Boot Image in order for
the BootROM to properly copy it. The last thing the BootROM does is hand off execution to the FSBL in OCM.
Stage 1
During this stage, the FSBL first finishes configuring the PS components, such as the DDR memory controller. Then, if a bitstream is present in the
Zynq Boot Image, it is read and used to configure the PL. Finally, the user application is loaded into memory from the Zynq Boot Image, and
execution is handed off to it.
Stage 2
The last stage is the execution of the user application that was loaded by the FSBL. This can be any sort of program, from a simple “Hello World”
design, to a Second Stage Boot loader used to boot an operating system like Linux. For a more thorough explanation of the boot process, refer to
Chapter 6 of the Zynq Technical Reference manual.
The Zynq Boot Image is created using Vivado and Xilinx Software Development Kit (Xilinx SDK). For information on creating this image please refer
to the available Xilinx documentation for these tools.
The PYNQ-Z1 supports three different boot modes: microSD, Quad SPI Flash, and JTAG. The boot mode is selected using the Mode jumper (JP4),
which affects the state of the Zynq configuration pins after power-on. Figure 3.1 depicts how the Zynq configuration pins are connected on the
PYNQ-Z1.
Figure 3.1. PYNQ-Z1 configuration pins.
The three boot modes are described in the following sections.
The PYNQ-Z1 supports booting from a microSD card inserted into connector J9. The following procedure will allow you to boot the Zynq from
microSD with a standard Zynq Boot Image created with the Xilinx tools:
1. Format the microSD card with a FAT32 file system.
2. Copy the Zynq Boot Image created with Xilinx SDK to the microSD card.
3. Rename the Zynq Boot Image on the microSD card to BOOT.bin.
4. Eject the microSD card from your computer and insert it into connector J9 on the PYNQ-Z1.
5. Attach a power source to the PYNQ-Z1 and select it using JP5.
6. Place a single jumper on JP4, shorting the two top pins (labeled “SD”).
7. Turn the board on. The board will now boot the image on the microSD card.
In order to boot the PYNQ-Z1 into the PYNQ software environment, the microSD card must be formatted with a specially created disk image. Refer
to www.pynq.io for instructions on obtaining this image file and flashing it to a microSD card. Once the microSD card has been flashed with the
image, the PYNQ-Z1 can be booted with it by following the instructions above starting at step 4.
The PYNQ-Z1 has an onboard 16MB Quad-SPI Flash that the Zynq can boot from. Documentation available from Xilinx describes how to use Xilinx
SDK to program a Zynq Boot Image into a Flash device attached to the Zynq. Once the Quad SPI Flash has been loaded with a Zynq Boot Image,
the following steps can be followed to boot from it:
1. Attach a power source to the PYNQ-Z1 and select it using JP5.
2. Place a single jumper on JP4, shorting the two center pins (labeled “QSPI”).
3. Turn the board on. The board will now boot the image stored in the Quad SPI flash.
When placed in JTAG boot mode, the processor will wait until software is loaded by a host computer using the Xilinx tools. After software has been
loaded, it is possible to either let the software begin executing, or step through it line by line using Xilinx SDK.
It is also possible to directly configure the PL over JTAG, independent of the processor. This can be done using the Vivado Hardware Server.
The PYNQ-Z1 is configured to boot in Cascaded JTAG mode, which allows the PS to be accessed via the same JTAG port as the PL. It is also possible
3.1 microSD Boot Mode
3.2 Quad SPI Boot Mode
3.3 JTAG Boot Mode
to boot the PYNQ-Z1 in Independent JTAG mode by loading a jumper in JP2 and shorting it. This will cause the PS to not be accessible from the
onboard JTAG circuitry, and only the PL will be visible in the scan chain. To access the PS over JTAG while in independent JTAG mode, users will
have to route the signals for the PJTAG peripheral over EMIO, and use an external device to communicate with it.
The PYNQ-Z1 features a Quad SPI serial NOR flash. The Spansion S25FL128S is used on this board. The Multi-I/O SPI Flash memory is used to
provide non-volatile code and data storage. It can be used to initialize the PS subsystem as well as configure the PL subsystem.
The relevant device attributes are:
16 MB
x1, x2, and x4 support
Bus speeds up to 104 MHz, supporting Zynq configuration rates @ 100 MHz. In Quad SPI mode, this translates to 400Mbs
Powered from 3.3V
The SPI Flash connects to the Zynq-7000 APSoC and supports the Quad SPI interface. This requires connection to specific pins in MIO Bank 0/500,
specifically MIO[1:6,8] as outlined in the Zynq datasheet. Quad-SPI feedback mode is used, thus qspi_sclk_fb_out/MIO[8] is left to freely toggle and
is connected only to a 20K pull-up resistor to 3.3V. This allows a Quad SPI clock frequency greater than FQSPICLK2 (See the Zynq Technical
Reference manual for more on this).
The PYNQ-Z1 includes an IS43TR16256A-125KBL DDR3 memory components creating a single rank, 16-bit wide interface and a total of 512MiB of
capacity. The DDR3 is connected to the hard memory controller in the Processor Subsystem (PS), as outlined in the Zynq documentation.
The PS incorporates an AXI memory port interface, a DDR controller, the associated PHY, and a dedicated I/O bank. DDR3 memory interface speeds
up to 533 MHz/1066 Mbps are supported¹.
PYNQ-Z1 was routed with 40 ohm (+/-10%) trace impedance for single-ended signals, and differential clock and strobes set to 80 ohms (+/-10%). A
feature called DCI (Digitally Controlled Impedance) is used to match the drive strength and termination impedance of the PS pins to the trace
impedance. On the memory side, each chip calibrates its on-die termination and drive strength using a 240 ohm resistor on the ZQ pin.
Due to layout reasons, the two data byte groups (DQ[0-7], DQ[8-15]) were swapped. To the same effect, the data bits inside byte groups were
swapped as well. These changes are transparent to the user. During the whole design process the Xilinx PCB guidelines were followed.
Both the memory chips and the PS DDR bank are powered from the 1.5V supply. The mid-point reference of 0.75V is created with a simple resistor
divider and is available to the Zynq as external reference.
For proper operation it is essential that the PS memory controller is configured properly. Settings range from the actual memory flavor to the board
trace delays. For your convenience, the Zynq presets file for the PYNQ-Z1 is provided on the resource center and automatically configures the
Zynq Processing System IP core with the correct parameters.
For best DDR3 performance, DRAM training is enabled for write leveling, read gate, and read data eye options in the PS Configuration Tool in
Xilinx tools. Training is done dynamically by the controller to account for board delays, process variations and thermal drift. Optimum starting
values for the training process are the board delays (propagation delays) for certain memory signals.
Board delays are specified for each of the byte groups. These parameters are board-specific and were calculated from the PCB trace length reports.
The DQS to CLK Delay and Board Delay values are calculated specific to the PYNQ-Z1 memory interface PCB design.
For more details on memory controller operation, refer to the Xilinx Zynq Technical Reference manual.
¹Maximum actual clock frequency is 525 MHz on the PYNQ-Z1 due to PLL limitation.
The PYNQ-Z1 includes an FTDI FT2232HQ USB-UART bridge (attached to connector J14) that lets you use PC applications to communicate with the
board using standard COM port commands (or the tty interface in Linux). Drivers are automatically installed in Windows and newer versions of
Linux. Serial port data is exchanged with the Zynq using a two-wire serial port (TXD/RXD). After the drivers are installed, I/O commands can be used
from the PC directed to the COM port to produce serial data traffic on the Zynq pins. The port is tied to PS (MIO) pins and can be used in
combination with the UART 0 controller.
The Zynq presets file (available in the PYNQ-Z1 Resource Center) takes care of mapping the correct MIO pins to the UART 0 controller and uses the
following default protocol parameters: 115200 baud rate, 1 stop bit, no parity, 8-bit character length.
Two on-board status LEDs provide visual feedback on traffic flowing through the port: the transmit LED (LD11) and the receive LED (LD10). Signal
names that imply direction are from the point-of-view of the DTE (Data Terminal Equipment), in this case the PC.
The FT2232HQ is also used as the controller for the Digilent USB-JTAG circuitry, but the USB-UART and USB-JTAG functions behave entirely
independent of one another. Programmers interested in using the UART functionality of the FT2232 within their design do not need to worry
about the JTAG circuitry interfering with the UART data transfers, and vice-versa. The combination of these two features into a single device allows
the PYNQ-Z1 to be programmed, communicated with via UART, and powered from a computer attached with a single Micro USB cable.
The DTR signal from the UART controller on the FT2232HQ is connected to MIO12 of the Zynq device via JP1. Should the Arduino IDE be ported to
work with the PYNQ-Z1, this jumper can be shorted and MIO12 could be used to place the PYNQ-Z1 in a “ready to receive a new sketch” state. This
would mimic the behavior of typical Arduino IDE boot-loaders.
The PYNQ-Z1 provides a microSD slot (J9) for non-volatile external memory storage as well as booting the Zynq. The slot is wired to Bank 1/501
MIO[40-47], including Card Detect. On the PS side peripheral SDIO 0 is mapped out to these pins and controls communication with the SD card. The
pinout can be seen in Table 7.1. The peripheral controller supports 1-bit and 4-bit SD transfer modes, but does not support SPI mode. Based on the
4 Quad SPI Flash
5 DDR Memory
6 USB UART Bridge (Serial Port)
7 microSD Slot
Zynq Technical Reference manual, SDIO host mode is the only mode supported.
Signal Name Description Zynq Pin SD Slot Pin
SD_D0 Data[0] MIO42 7
SD_D1 Data[1] MIO43 8
SD_D2 Data[2] MIO44 1
SD_D3 Data[3] MIO45 2
SD_CCLK Clock MIO40 5
SD_CMD Command MIO41 3
SD_CD Card Detect MIO47 9
Table 7.1. microSD pinout
The SD slot is a powered from 3.3V, but is connected through MIO Bank 1/501 (1.8V). Therefore, a TI TXS02612 level shifter performs this translation.
The TXS02612 is actually 2-port SDIO port expander, but only its level shifter function is used. The connection diagram can be seen on Figure 7.1.
Mapping out the correct pins and configuring the interface is handled by the PYNQ-Z1 Zynq presets file, available on the PYNQ-Z1 Resource
Center.
Figure 7.1. microSD slot signals
Both low speed and high speed cards are supported, the maximum clock frequency being 50 MHz. A Class 4 card or better is recommended.
Refer to section 3.1 for information on how to boot from an SD card. For more information, consult the Zynq Technical Reference manual.
The PYNQ-Z1 implements one of the two available PS USB OTG interfaces on the Zynq device. A Microchip USB3320 USB 2.0 Transceiver Chip with
an 8-bit ULPI interface is used as the PHY. The PHY features a complete HS-USB Physical Front-End supporting speeds of up to 480Mbs. The PHY is
connected to MIO Bank 1/501, which is powered at 1.8V. The usb0 peripheral is used on the PS, connected through MIO[28-39]. The USB OTG
interface is configured to act as an embedded host. USB OTG and USB device modes are not supported.
The PYNQ-Z1 is technically an “embedded host”, because it does not provide the required 150 µF of capacitance on VBUS required to qualify as a
general purpose host. It is possible to modify the PYNQ-Z1 so that it complies with the general purpose USB host requirements by loading C41 with
a 150 µF capacitor. Only those experienced at soldering small components on PCBs should attempt this rework. Many USB peripheral devices will
work just fine without loading C41. Whether the PYNQ-Z1 is configured as an embedded host or a general purpose host, it can provide 500 mA on
the 5V VBUS line. Note that loading C41 may cause the PYNQ-Z1 to reset when booting embedded Linux while powered from the USB port,
regardless of if any USB device is connected to the host port. This is caused by the in-rush current that C41 causes when the USB host controller is
enabled and the VBUS power switch (IC9) is turned on.
Note that if your design uses the USB Host port (embedded or general purpose), then the PYNQ-Z1 should be powered via a battery or wall adapter
capable of providing more power (such as the one included in the PYNQ-Z1 accessory kit).
The PYNQ-Z1 uses a Realtek RTL8211E-VL PHY to implement a 10/100/1000 Ethernet port for network connection. The PHY connects to MIO Bank
501 (1.8V) and interfaces to the Zynq-7000 APSoC via RGMII for data and MDIO for management. The auxiliary interrupt (INTB) and reset
(PHYRSTB) signals connect to MIO pins MIO10 and MIO9, respectively.
8 USB Host
9 Ethernet PHY
Figure 9.1. Ethernet PHY signals
After power-up the PHY starts with Auto Negotiation enabled, advertising 10/100/1000 link speeds and full duplex. If there is an Ethernet-capable
partner connected, the PHY automatically establishes a link with it, even with the Zynq not configured.
Two status indicator LEDs are on-board near the RJ-45 connector that indicate traffic (LD9) and valid link state (LD8). Table 9.1 shows the default
behavior.
Function Designator State Description
LINK LD8 cLink 10/100/1000
Blinking 0.4s ON, 2s OFF Link, Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) mode
ACT LD9 Blinking Transmitting or Receiving
Table 9.1. Ethernet status LEDs.
The Zynq incorporates two independent Gigabit Ethernet Controllers. They implement a 10/100/1000 half/full duplex Ethernet MAC. Of these two,
GEM 0 can be mapped to the MIO pins where the PHY is connected. Since the MIO bank is powered from 1.8V, the RGMII interface uses 1.8V HSTL
Class 1 drivers. For this I/O standard an external reference of 0.9V is provided in bank 501 (PS_MIO_VREF). Mapping out the correct pins and
configuring the interface is handled by the PYNQ-Z1 Zynq Presets file, available on the PYNQ-Z1 Resource Center.
Although the default power-up configuration of the PHY might be enough in most applications, the MDIO bus is available for management. The
RTL8211E-VL is assigned the 5-bit address 00001 on the MDIO bus. With simple register read and write commands, status information can be read
out or configuration changed. The Realtek PHY follows industry-standard register map for basic configuration.
The RGMII specification calls for the receive (RXC) and transmit clock (TXC) to be delayed relative to the data signals (RXD[0:3], RXCTL and TXD[0:3],
TXCTL). Xilinx PCB guidelines also require this delay to be added. The RTL8211E-VL is capable of inserting a 2ns delay on both the TXC and RXC so
that board traces do not need to be made longer.
The PHY is clocked from the same 50 MHz oscillator that clocks the Zynq PS. The parasitic capacitance of the two loads is low enough to be driven
from a single source.
On an Ethernet network each node needs a unique MAC address. To this end, the one-time-programmable (OTP) region of the Quad-SPI flash has
been programmed at the factory with a 48-bit globally unique EUI-48/64™ compatible identifier. The OTP address range [0x20;0x25] contains the
identifier with the first byte in transmission byte order being at the lowest address. Refer to the Flash memory datasheet for information on how
to access the OTP regions. When using the PYNQ software, this is automatically handled in the boot-loader, and the Linux system is automatically
configured to use this unique MAC address.
For more information on using the Gigabit Ethernet MAC, refer to the Zynq Technical Reference manual.
The PYNQ-Z1 contains two unbuffered HDMI ports: one source port J11 (output), and one sink port J10 (input). Both ports use HDMI type-A
receptacles with the data and clock signals terminated and connected directly to the Zynq PL.
Both HDMI and DVI systems use the same TMDS signaling standard, directly supported by Zynq PL's user I/O infrastructure. Also, HDMI sources are
backward compatible with DVI sinks, and vice versa. Thus, simple passive adaptors (available at most electronics stores) can be used to drive a DVI
monitor or accept a DVI input. The HDMI receptacle only includes digital signals, so only DVI-D mode is possible.
The 19-pin HDMI connectors include three differential data channels, one differential clock channel five GND connections, a one-wire Consumer
Electronics Control (CEC) bus, a two-wire Display Data Channel (DDC) bus that is essentially an I2C bus, a Hot Plug Detect (HPD) signal, a 5V signal
capable of delivering up to 50mA, and one reserved (RES) pin. All non-power signals are wired to the Zynq PL with the exception of RES.
Pin/Signal J11 (source) J10 (sink)
Description FPGA pin Description FPGA pin
D[2]_P, D[2]_N Data output J18, H18 Data input N20, P20
10 HDMI
D[1]_P, D[1]_N Data output K19, J19 Data input T20, U20
D[0]_P, D[0]_N Data output K17, K18 Data input V20, W20
CLK_P, CLK_N Clock output L16, L17 Clock input N18, P19
CEC Consumer Electronics Control bidirectional G15 Consumer Electronics Control bidirectional H17
SCL, SDA DDC bidirectional M17, M18 DDC bidirectional U14, U15
HPD/HPA Hot-plug detect input (inverted) R19 Hot-plug assert output T19
Table 10.1. HDMI pin description and assignment.
HDMI/DVI is a high-speed digital video stream interface using transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS). To make proper use of either of
the HDMI ports, a standard-compliant transmitter or receiver needs to be implemented in the Zynq PL. The implementation details are outside the
scope of this manual. Check out the vivado-library IP Core repository on the Digilent github for ready-to-use reference IP.
Whenever a sink is ready and wishes to announce its presence, it connects the 5V0 supply pin to the HPD pin. On the PYNQ-Z1, this is done by
driving the Hot Plug Assert signal high. Note this should only be done after a DDC channel slave has been implemented in the Zynq PL and is
ready to transmit display data.
The Display Data Channel, or DDC, is a collection of protocols that enable communication between the display (sink) and graphics adapter
(source). The DDC2B variant is based on I2C, the bus master being the source and the bus slave the sink. When a source detects high level on the
HPD pin, it queries the sink over the DDC bus for video capabilities. It determines whether the sink is DVI or HDMI-capable and what resolutions are
supported. Only afterwards will video transmission begin. Refer to VESA E-DDC specifications for more information.
The Consumer Electronics Control, or CEC, is an optional protocol that allows control messages to be passed around on an HDMI chain between
different products. A common use case is a TV passing control messages originating from a universal remote to a DVR or satellite receiver. It is a
one-wire protocol at 3.3V level connected to a Zynq PL user I/O pin. The wire can be controlled in an open-drain fashion allowing for multiple
devices sharing a common CEC wire. Refer to the CEC addendum of HDMI 1.3 or later specifications for more information.
The PYNQ-Z1 provides a 50 MHz clock to the Zynq PS_CLK input, which is used to generate the clocks for each of the PS subsystems. The 50 MHz
input allows the processor to operate at a maximum frequency of 650 MHz and the DDR3 memory controller to operate at a maximum of 525 MHz
(1050 Mbps). The PYNQ-Z1 Zynq Presets file available on the PYNQ-Z1 Resource Center can be imported into the Zynq Processing System IP core
in a Vivado project to properly configure the Zynq to work with the 50 MHz input clock.
The PS has a dedicated PLL capable of generating up to four reference clocks, each with settable frequencies, that can be used to clock custom
logic implemented in the PL. Additionally, the PYNQ-Z1 provides an external 125 MHz reference clock directly to pin H16 of the PL. The external
reference clock allows the PL to be used completely independently of the PS, which can be useful for simple applications that do not require the
processor.
The PL of the Zynq-Z7020 also includes 4 MMCM’s and 4 PLL’s that can be used to generate clocks with precise frequencies and phase
relationships. Any of the four PS reference clocks or the 125 MHz external reference clock can be used as an input to the MMCMs and PLLs. For a full
description of the capabilities of the Zynq PL clocking resources, refer to the “7 Series FPGAs Clocking Resources User Guide” available from Xilinx.
Figure 11.1 outlines the clocking scheme used on the PYNQ-Z1. Note that the reference clock output from the Ethernet PHY is used as the 125 MHz
reference clock to the PL, in order to cut the cost of including a dedicated oscillator for this purpose. Keep in mind that CLK125 will be disabled
when the Ethernet PHY (IC1) is held in hardware reset by driving the PHYRSTB signal low.
Figure 11.1. PYNQ-Z1 clocking.
The PYNQ-Z1 board includes two tri-color LEDs, 2 switches, 4 push buttons, and 4 individual LEDs as shown in Figure 12.1. The push buttons and
slide switches are connected to the Zynq PL via series resistors to prevent damage from inadvertent short circuits (a short circuit could occur if an
FPGA pin assigned to a push button or slide switch was inadvertently defined as an output). The four push buttons are “momentary” switches that
normally generate a low output when they are at rest, and a high output only when they are pressed. Slide switches generate constant high or low
inputs depending on their position.
10.1 TMDS Signals
10.2 Auxiliary signals
11 Clock Sources
12 Basic I/O
Figure 12.1. PYNQ-Z1 GPIO.
The four individual high-efficiency LEDs are anode-connected to the Zynq PL via 330-ohm resistors, so they will turn on when a logic high voltage
is applied to their respective I/O pin. Additional LEDs that are not user-accessible indicate power-on, PL programming status, and USB and Ethernet
port status.
The PYNQ-Z1 board contains two tri-color LEDs. Each tri-color LED has three input signals that drive the cathodes of three smaller internal LEDs:
one red, one blue, and one green. Driving the signal corresponding to one of these colors high will illuminate the internal LED. The input signals
are driven by the Zynq PL through a transistor, which inverts the signals. Therefore, to light up the tri-color LED, the corresponding signals need to
be driven high. The tri-color LED will emit a color dependent on the combination of internal LEDs that are currently being illuminated. For
example, if the red and blue signals are driven high and green is driven low, the tri-color LED will emit a purple color.
Digilent strongly recommends the use of pulse-width modulation (PWM) when driving the tri-color LEDs. Driving any of the inputs to a steady
logic ‘1’ will result in the LED being illuminated at an uncomfortably bright level. You can avoid this by ensuring that none of the tri-color signals
are driven with more than a 50% duty cycle. Using PWM also greatly expands the potential color palette of the tri-color led. Individually adjusting
the duty cycle of each color between 50% and 0% causes the different colors to be illuminated at different intensities, allowing virtually any color
to be displayed.
The PYNQ-Z1 includes an omnidirectional MEMS microphone. The microphone uses a Knowles SPK0833LM4H-B chip which has a high signal to
noise ratio (SNR) of 63dBA and high sensitivity of -26 dBFS. The digitized audio is output in the pulse density modulated (PDM) format. The
component architecture is shown in Figure 13.1.
Figure 13.1. Microphone Pinout.
PDM data connections are becoming more and more popular in portable audio applications, such as cellphones and tablets. With PDM, two
channels can be transmitted with only two wires. The frequency of a PDM signal usually falls in the range of 1 MHz to 3 MHz. In a PDM bitstream, a
1 corresponds to a positive pulse and a 0 corresponds to a negative pulse. A run consisting of all ‘1’s would correspond to the maximum positive
value and a run of ‘0’s would correspond to the minimum amplitude value. Figure 13.1.1 shows how a sine wave is represented in PDM signal.
Figure 13.1.1. PDM Sine Wave./
A PDM signal is generated from an analog signal through a process called delta-sigma modulation. A simple idealized circuit of delta-sigma
modulator is shown in Figure 13.1.2.
Figure 13.1.2. PDM Delta-Sigma Modulator.
Sum Integrator Out Flip-flop Output
0.4-0=0.4 0+0.4=0.4 0
0.4-0=0.4 0.4+0.4=0.8 1
0.4-1=-0.6 0.8-0.6=0.2 0
0.4-0=0.4 0.2+0.4=0.6 1
0.4-1=-0.6 0.6-0.6=0 0
0.4-0=0.4 0+0.4=0.4 0
12.1 Tri-Color LEDs
13 Microphone
13.1 Pulse Density Modulation (PDM)
0.4-0=0.4 0.4+0.4=0.8 1
0.4-1=-0.6 0.8-0.6=0.2 0
Table 13.1.1. Sigma Delta Modulator with a 0.4Vdd input.
To keep things simple, assume that the analog input and digital output have the same voltage range 0~Vdd. The input of the flip-flop acts like a
comparator (any signal above Vdd/2 is considered as ‘1’ and any input bellow Vdd/2 is considered ‘0’). The input of the integral circuit is the
difference of the input analog signal and the PDM signal of the previous clock cycle. The integral circuit then integrates both of these inputs, and
the output of the integral circuit is sampled by a D-Flip-flop. Table 13.1.1 shows the function of the delta-sigma modulator with an input of 0.4Vdd.
Note that the average of the flip-flop output equals the value of the input analog signal. So in order to get the value of analog input, all that is
needed is a counter that counts the ‘1’s for a certain period of time.
The clock input of the microphone can range from 1 MHz to 3.3 MHz based on the sampling rate and data precision requirement of the
applications. The L/R Select signal must be set to a valid level, depending on which edge of the clock the data bit will be read. A low level on
L/RSEL makes data available on the rising edge of the clock, while a high level corresponds to the falling edge of the clock, as shown in Figure
13.2.1. Note that on the PYNQ-Z1, the L/RSEL signal is permanently tied low, so data is always made available on the rising edge (as seen with the
DATA 1 signal in Figure 13.2.1).
Figure 13.2.1. Microphone Signal Timing.
The typical value of the clock frequency is 2.4 MHz. Assuming that the application requires 7-bit precision and 24 KHz, there can be two counters
that count 128 samples at 12 KHz, as shown in Figure 13.2.2.
Figure 13.2.2. Example PDM Circuit.
The on-board audio jack (J13) is driven by a Sallen-Key Butterworth Low-pass 4th Order Filter that provides mono audio output. The circuit of the
low-pass filter is shown in Figure 14.1. The input of the filter (AUD_PWM) is connected to the Zynq PL pin R18. A digital input will typically be a
pulse-width modulated (PWM) or pulse density modulated (PDM) open-drain signal produced by the FPGA. The signal needs to be driven low for
logic ‘0’ and left in high-impedance for logic ‘1’. An on-board pull-up resistor to a clean analog 3.3V rail will establish the proper voltage for logic ‘1’.
The low-pass filter on the input will act as a reconstruction filter to convert the pulse-width modulated digital signal into an analog voltage on the
audio jack output.
Figure 14.1. Audio Output Circuit.
The Audio shut-down signal (AUD_SD) is used to mute the audio output. It is connected to Zynq PL pin T17. To use the audio output, this signal
must be driven to logic high.
The frequency response of SK Butterworth Low-Pass Filter is shown in Figure 14.2. The AC analysis of the circuit is done using NI Multisim 12.0.
13.2 Microphone Digital Interface Timing
14 Mono Audio Output
Figure 14.2. Audio Output Frequency Response.
A pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is a chain of pulses at some fixed frequency, with each pulse potentially having a different width. This
digital signal can be passed through a simple low-pass filter that integrates the digital waveform to produce an analog voltage proportional to the
average pulse-width over some interval (the interval is determined by the 3dB cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter and the pulse frequency). For
example, if the pulses are high for an average of 10% of the available pulse period, then an integrator will produce an analog value that is 10% of
the Vdd voltage. Figure 14.1.1 shows a waveform represented as a PWM signal.
Figure 14.1.1. PWM Waveform.
The PWM signal must be integrated to define an analog voltage. The low-pass filter 3dB frequency should be an order of magnitude lower than
the PWM frequency, so that signal energy at the PWM frequency is filtered from the signal. For example, if an audio signal must contain up to 5 KHz
of frequency information, then the PWM frequency should be at least 50 KHz (and preferably even higher). In general, in terms of analog signal
fidelity, the higher the PWM frequency, the better. Figure 14.1.2 shows a representation of a PWM integrator producing an output voltage by
integrating the pulse train. Note the steady-state filter output signal amplitude ratio to Vdd is the same as the pulse-width duty cycle (duty cycle is
defined as pulse-high time divided by pulse-window time).
Figure 14.1.2. PWM Output Voltage.
The Zynq PS supports external power-on reset signals. The power-on reset is the master reset of the entire chip. This signal resets every register in
the device capable of being reset. The PYNQ-Z1 drives this signal from the PGOOD signal of the TPS65400 power regulator in order to hold the
system in reset until all power supplies are valid.
A PROG push switch, labeled PROG, toggles Zynq PROG_B. This resets the PL and causes DONE to be de-asserted. The PL will remain unconfigured
until it is reprogrammed by the processor or via JTAG.
The external system reset, labeled SRST, resets the Zynq device without disturbing the debug environment. For example, the previous break points
set by the user remain valid after system reset. Due to security concerns, system reset erases all memory content within the PS, including the OCM.
The PL is also cleared during a system reset. System reset does not cause the boot mode strapping pins to be re-sampled.
The SRST button also causes the CK_RST signal to toggle in order to trigger a reset on any attached shields.
Pmod ports are 2×6, right-angle, 100-mil spaced female connectors that mate with standard 2×6 pin headers. Each 12-pin Pmod port provides two
3.3V VCC signals (pins 6 and 12), two Ground signals (pins 5 and 11), and eight logic signals, as shown in Figure 16.1. The VCC and Ground pins can
deliver up to 1A of current, but care must be taken not to exceed any of the power budgets of the onboard regulators or the external power supply
(see the 3.3V rail current limits listed in the “Power Supplies” section).
14.1 Pulse-Width Modulation
15 Reset Sources
15.1 Power-on Reset
15.2 Program Push Button Switch
15.3 Processor Subsystem Reset
16 Pmod Ports
Figure 16.1. Pmod Port Diagram
Digilent produces a large collection of Pmod accessory boards that can attach to the Pmod expansion connectors to add ready-made functions
like A/D’s, D/A’s, motor drivers, sensors, and other functions. See www.digilentinc.com for more information.
Each Pmod port found on Digilent FPGA boards falls into one of four categories: standard, MIO connected, XADC, or high-speed. The PYNQ-Z1 has
two Pmod ports, both of which are the high-speed type. The following section describes the high-speed type of Pmod port.
The High-speed Pmods have their data signals routed as impedance matched differential pairs for maximum switching speeds. They have pads for
loading resistors for added protection, but the PYNQ-Z1 ships with these loaded as 0-Ohm shunts. With the series resistors shunted, these Pmods
offer no protection against short circuits, but allow for much faster switching speeds. The signals are paired to the adjacent signals in the same row:
pins 1 and 2, pins 3 and 4, pins 7 and 8, and pins 9 and 10.
Traces are routed 100 ohm (+/- 10%) differential.
If pins on this port are used as single-ended signals, coupled pairs may exhibit crosstalk. In applications where this is a concern, one of the signals
should be grounded (drive it low from the FPGA) and use its pair for the signal-ended signal.
Since the High-Speed Pmods have 0-ohm shunts instead of protection resistors, the operator must take precaution to ensure that they do not cause
any shorts.
The PYNQ-Z1 can be connected to standard Arduino and chipKIT shields to add extended functionality. Special care was taken while designing the
PYNQ-Z1 to make sure it is compatible with the majority of Arduino and chipKIT shields on the market. The shield connector has 49 pins connected
to the Zynq PL for general purpose Digital I/O. Due to the flexibility of FPGAs, it is possible to use these pins for just about anything including
digital read/write, SPI connections, UART connections, I2C connections, and PWM. Six of these pins (labeled AN0-AN5) can also be used as single-
ended analog inputs with an input range of 0V-3.3V, and another six (labeled AN6-11) can be used as differential analog inputs.
Note: The PYNQ-Z1 is not compatible with shields that output 5V digital or analog signals. Driving pins on the PYNQ-Z1 shield connector
above 5V may cause damage to the Zynq.
Figure 17.1. Shield Pin Diagram.
Pin Name Shield Function PYNQ-Z1 Connection
IO0-IO13, IO26-
IO41, A (IO42)
General purpose I/O
pins
See Section titled “Shield Digital I/O”
SCL I2C Clock See Section titled “Shield Digital I/O”
SDA I2C Data See Section titled “Shield Digital I/O”
SCLK SPI Clock See Section titled “Shield Digital I/O”
MOSI SPI Data out See Section titled “Shield Digital I/O”
MISO SPI Data in See Section titled “Shield Digital I/O”
SS SPI Slave Select See Section titled “Shield Digital I/O”
16.1 High-Speed Pmods
17 Arduino/chipKIT Shield Connector
Pin Name Shield Function PYNQ-Z1 Connection
A0-A5 Single-Ended Analog
Input
See Section titled “Shield Analog I/O”
A6-A11 Differential Analog
Input
See Section titled “Shield Analog I/O”
V_P, V_N Dedicated Differential
Analog Input
See Section titled “Shield Analog I/O”
XGND XADC Analog Ground Connected to net used to drive the XADC ground reference on the Zynq (VREFN)
XVREF XADC Analog Voltage
Reference
Connected to 1.25 V, 25mA rail used to drive the XADC voltage reference on the Zynq (VREFP)
N/C Not Connected Not Connected
IOREF Digital I/O Voltage
reference
Connected to the PYNQ-Z1 3.3V Power Rail (See the “Power Supplies” section)
RST Reset to Shield Connected to the red “SRST” button and MIO pin 12 of the Zynq. When JP1 is shorted, it is also
connected to the DTR signal of the FTDI USB-UART bridge.
3V3 3.3V Power Rail Connected to the PYNQ-Z1 3.3V Power Rail (See the “Power Supplies” section)
5V0 5.0V Power Rail Connected to the PYNQ-Z1 5.0V Power Rail (See the “Power Supplies” section)
GND, GGround Connected to the Ground plane of PYNQ-Z1
VIN Power Input Connected in parallel with the external power supply connector (J18).
Table 17.1. Shield Pin Descriptions.
The pins connected directly to the Zynq PL can be used as general purpose inputs or outputs. These pins include the I2C, SPI, and general purpose
I/O pins. There are 200 Ohm series resistors between the FPGA and the digital I/O pins to help provide protection against accidental short circuits
(with the exception of the AN5-AN0 signals, which have no series resistors, and the AN6-AN12 signals, which have 100 Ohm series resistors). The
absolute maximum and recommended operating voltages for these pins are outlined in the table below.
Absolute Minimum
Voltage
Recommended Minimum
Operating Voltage
Recommended Maximum
Operating Voltage
Absolute Maximum
Voltage
Powered -0.4 V -0.2 V 3.4 V 3.75 V
Unpowered -0.4 V N/A N/A 0.55 V
Table 17.1.1. Shield Digital Voltages.
For more information on the electrical characteristics of the pins connected to the Zynq PL, please see the Zynq-7000 datasheet from Xilinx.
The pins labeled A0-A11 and V_P/V_N are used as analog inputs to the XADC module of the Zynq. The Zynq expects that the inputs range from 0-1
V. On the pins labeled A0-A5 we use an external circuit to scale down the input voltage from 3.3V. This circuit is shown in Figure 17.2.1. This circuit
allows the XADC module to accurately measure any voltage between 0V and 3.3V (relative to the PYNQ-Z1's GND) that is applied to any of these
pins. If you wish to use the pins labeled A0-A5 as Digital inputs or outputs, they are also connected directly to the Zynq PL before the resistor
divider circuit (also shown in Figure 17.2.1).
Figure 17.2.1. Single-Ended Analog Inputs.
The pins labeled A6-A11 are connected directly to 3 pairs of analog capable pins on the Zynq PL via an anti-aliasing filter. This circuit is shown in
Figure 17.2.2. These pairs of pins can be used as differential analog inputs with a voltage difference between 0-1V. The even numbers are
connected to the positive pins of the pair and the odd numbers are connected to the negative pins (so A6 and A7 form an analog input pair with
A6 being positive and A7 being negative). Note that though the pads for the capacitor are present, they are not loaded for these pins. Since the
17.1 Shield Digital I/O
17.2 Shield Analog I/O
analog capable pins of the FPGA can also be used like normal digital FPGA pins, it is also possible to use these pins for Digital I/O.
The pins labeled V_P and V_N are connected to the VP_0 and VN_0 dedicated analog inputs of the FPGA. This pair of pins can also be used as a
differential analog input with voltage between 0-1V, but they cannot be used as Digital I/O. The capacitor in the circuit shown in Figure 17.2.2 for
this pair of pins is loaded on the PYNQ-Z1.
Figure 17.2.2. Differential Analog Inputs.
The XADC core within the Zynq is a dual channel 12-bit analog-to-digital converter capable of operating at 1 MSPS. Either channel can be driven
by any of the analog inputs connected to the shield pins. The XADC core is controlled and accessed from a user design via the Dynamic
Reconfiguration Port (DRP). The DRP also provides access to voltage monitors that are present on each of the FPGA’s power rails, and a
temperature sensor that is internal to the FPGA. For more information on using the XADC core, refer to the Xilinx document titled “7 Series FPGAs
and Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC XADC Dual 12-Bit 1 MSPS Analog-to-Digital Converter”. It is also possible to access the XADC core directly
using the PS, via the “PS-XADC” interface. This interface is described in full in chapter 30 of the Zynq Technical Reference manual.
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