VCNL4000
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Rev. 1.9, 23-Jun-14 1Document Number: 83798
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Fully Integrated Proximity and Ambient Light Sensor
with Infrared Emitter and I2C Interface
DESCRIPTION
VCNL4000 is a fully integrated proximity and ambient light
digital 16 bit resolution sensor in a miniature lead less
package (LLP) for surface mounting. It includes a signal
processing IC and supports an easy to use I2C bus
communication interface.
APPLICATIONS
• Proximity sensor for mobile devices (e.g. smart phones,
touch phones, PDA, GPS) for touch screen locking, power
saving, etc.
• Integrated ambient light function for display/keypad
contrast control and dimming of mobile devices
• Proximity/optical switch for consumer, computing and
industrial devices and displays
• Dimming control for consumer, computing and industrial
displays
FEATURES
• Package type: surface mount
• Dimensions (L x W x H in mm): 3.95 x 3.95 x 0.75
• Integrated modules: infrared emitter (IRED),
ambient light sensor (ALS-PD), proximity sensor
(PD), and signal conditioning IC
• Supply voltage range VDD: 2.5 V to 3.6 V
• Supply voltage range IR anode: 2.5 V to 5 V
• Communication via I2C interface
•I
2C Bus H-level range: 1.7 V to 5 V
• Floor life: 168 h, MSL 3, acc. J-STD-020
• Low stand by current consumption: 1.5 μA
• Material categorization: for definitions of compliance
please see www.vishay.com/doc?99912
PROXIMITY FUNCTION
• Built in infrared LED and photo-pin-diode for proximity
function
• 16 bit effective resolution for proximity detection range
ensures excellent cross talk immunity
• Programmable LED drive current from 10 mA to 200 mA
(in 10 mA steps)
• Excellent ambient light suppression by signal modulation
• Proximity distance up to 200 mm
AMBIENT LIGHT FUNCTION
• Built in ambient light photo-pin-diode with close to human
eye sensitivity characteristic
• 16 bit dynamic range for ambient light detection from
0.25 lx to 16 klx
• 100 Hz and 120 Hz flicker noise rejection
Note
(1) Adjustable through I2C interface
22297-1
GND
12
11 ncIR anode 1
IR cathode 2
IR cathode 3
SDA 4
SCL 5
10 nc
9 nc
8 nc
7 VDD
6
GND
PRODUCT SUMMARY
PART
NUMBER
OPERATING
RANGE
(mm)
OPERATING
VOLTAGE
RANGE
(V)
I2C BUS
VOLTAGE
RANGE
(V)
LED
PULSE
CURRENT (1)
(mA)
AMBIENT
LIGHT
RANGE
(lx)
AMBIENT
LIGHT
RESOLUTION
(lx)
OUTPUT
CODE
ADC RESOLUTION
PROXIMITY /
AMBIENT LIGHT
VCNL4000 1 to 200 2.5 to 3.6 1.7 to 5 10 to 200 0.25 to 16 383 0.25 16 bit, I2C 16 bit / 16 bit
VCNL4000
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Note
(1) MOQ: minimum order quantity
ORDERING INFORMATION
ORDERING CODE PACKAGING VOLUME (1) REMARKS
VCNL4000-GS08 Tape and reel MOQ: 1800 pcs 3.95 mm x 3.95 mm x 0.75 mm
VCNL4000-GS18 MOQ: 7000 pcs
VCNL4000demokit (www.vishay.com/doc?83395) - MOQ: 1 pc -
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Tamb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITION SYMBOL MIN. MAX. UNIT
Supply voltage VDD -0.3 5.5 V
Operation temperature range Tamb -25 +85 °C
Storage temperature range Tstg -40 +85 °C
Total power dissipation Tamb ≤ 25 °C Ptot 50 mW
Junction temperature Tj100 °C
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS (Tamb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITION SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
Supply voltage VDD 2.5 3.6 V
Supply voltage IR anode 2.5 5 V
I2C Bus H-level range 1.7 5 V
Current consumption Standby current,
no IRED-operation 1.5 2 μA
Current consumption
proximity mode incl. IRED
(averaged)
2 measurements per second,
IRED current 20 mA 4μA
250 measurements per second,
IRED current 20 mA 500 μA
2 measurements per second,
IRED current 200 mA 31 μA
250 measurements per second,
IRED current 200 mA 3.8 mA
Current consumption ambient
light mode
2 measurements per second
averaging = 1 2.5 μA
8 measurements per second
averaging = 1 10 μA
2 measurements per second
averaging = 64 160 μA
8 measurements per second
averaging = 64 635 μA
Ambient light resolution Digital resolution (LSB count ) 0.25 lx
Ambient light output EV = 100 lx
averaging = 64 400 counts
I2C clock rate range fSCL 3400 kHz
VCNL4000
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CIRCUIT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Note
• nc must not be electrically connected
Pads 8 to 11 are only considered as solder pads
TEST CIRCUIT
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS (Tamb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified)
Fig. 1 - Idle Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Fig. 2 - Idle Current vs. VDD
Fig. 3 - Proximity Value vs. Distance
Fig. 4 - Forward Current vs. Temperature
22299
GND
12
11 nc
IR anode 1
IR cathode 2
IR cathode 3
SDA 4
SCL 5
10 nc
9 nc
8 nc
7 VDD
6
GND
Ambi
VCNL4000
ASIC
Proxi
IRED PD
PD
d = 20 mm
Kodak gray card
(18 % reectivity)
VCNL4000 IRED
30 mm x 30 mm
Proxi-PD
22300
2.4
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.8
1.6
2.0
2.2
110- 50
- 30
10 50 90
- 10
30 70
IDD - Supply Current Idle Mode (μA)
Tamb - Ambient Temperature (°C)22301
VDD = 3.6 V
VDD = 3.5 V
VDD = 3.3 V
VDD = 3.1 V VDD = 2.5 V
VDD = 2.7 V
VDD = 2.9 V
2.4
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
3.82.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6
I
DD
- Supply Current Idle Mode (μA)
V
DD
- Supply Voltage (V)
22302
100 °C
80 °C
55 °C
25 °C
- 10 °C
- 40 °C
100 000
1
100
1000
10 000
10
0.1
1
10 100
Proximity Value (cts)
Distance to Reecting Card (mm)
22303
Media: Kodak gray card
Mod. frequency = 390 kHz
LED current 200 mA
LED current 100 mA
LED current 20 mA
250
0
50
100
150
200
140- 60
- 20
20 60 100
I
IRED
- Forward Current IRED (mA)
T
amb
- Ambient Temperature (°C)
22304
20 mA
40 mA
60 mA
80 mA
100 mA
120 mA
140 mA
160 mA
180 mA
200 mA
VIRED = 2.5 V
VCNL4000
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Fig. 5 - Relative Radiant Intensity vs. Wavelength
Fig. 6 - Relative Radiant Intensity vs. Angular Displacement
Fig. 7 - Relative Spectral Sensitivity vs. Wavelength
Fig. 8 - Relative Radiant Sensitivity vs. Angular Displacement
Fig. 9 - Ambient Light Value vs. Illuminance
Fig. 10 - Relative Spectral Sensitivity vs. Wavelength
1.1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
1050750
800
850 900 950 1000
Ie, rel - Relative Radiant Intensity
λ - Wavelength (nm)22305
I
F
= 100 mA
0° 20°
40°
60°
80°
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
00.10.20.30.40.5
I
rel
- Relative Radiant Intensity
22306
ϕ - Angular Displacement
1.1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
1100400
500
600 700 800 900 1000
S(λ)
rel
- Relative Spectral Sensitivity
λ - Wavelength (nm)
22307
0° 20°
40°
60°
80°
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
00.10.20.30.40.5
Srel - Relative Sensitivity
22308
ϕ - Angular Displacement
100 000
1
100
1000
10 000
10
Ambient Light Signal (cts)
EV - Illuminance (lx)
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10 000
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1100400
500
600 700 800 900 1000
S(λ)
rel
- Relative Spectral Responsivity
λ - Wavelength (nm)
22310
VCNL4000
Human eye
VCNL4000
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Fig. 11 - Relative Radiant Sensitivity vs. Angular Displacement
APPLICATION INFORMATION
VCNL4000 is a cost effective solution of proximity and ambient light sensor with I2C Bus interface. The standard serial digital
interface is easy to access “Proximity Signal” and “Light Intensity” without complex calculation and programming by external
controller.
1. Application Circuit
Fig. 12 - Application Circuit
(x) = Pin Number
0° 20°
40°
60°
80°
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
00.10.20.30.40.5
S
rel
- Relative Sensitivity
22311
Vertical
Horizontal
ϕ - Angular Displacement
VCNL4000
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2. I2C Interface
The VCNL4000 contains twelve 8 bit registers for operation control, parameter setup and result buffering. All registers are
accessible via I2C communication. Figure 13 shows the basic I2C communication with VCNL4000.
The built in I2C interface is compatible with all I2C modes (standard, fast and high speed).
I2C H-level range = 1.7 V to 5 V.
Please refer to the I2C specification from NXP for details.
Fig. 13 - Send Byte/Receive Byte Protocol
Device Address
The VCNL4000 has a fix slave address for the host
programming and accessing selection. The predefined 7 bit
I2C bus address is set to 0010 011 = 13h. The least
significant bit (LSB) defines read or write mode. Accordingly
the bus address is set to 0010 011x = 26h for write, 27h for
read.
Register Addresses
VCNL4000 has twelve user accessible 8 bit registers. The
register addresses are 80h (register #0) to 8Bh (register #11).
REGISTER FUNCTIONS
Register #0 Command Register
Register address = 80h
The register #0 is for starting ambient light or proximity measurements. This register contains 2 flag bits for data ready indication.
Notes
• After a proximity start command [prox_od] a WAIT time of ≥ 400 μs should be inserted before any read out commands.
• With setting bit 3 and bit 4 at the same write command, a simultaneously measurement of ambient light and proximity is done.
SSlave address
Rd
Receive byte Read data from VCNL4000
ARegister address A
Wr P
SSlave address PA
AData byte
Send byte Write command to VCNL4000
S = start condition
P = stop condition
A = acknowledge
Host action
VCNL4000 response
SSlave address A Register address A
Wr P
Data byte A
22313
TABLE 1 - COMMAND REGISTER #0
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
config_lock als_data_rdy prox_data_rdy als_od prox_od N/A N/A N/A
Description
config_lock Read only bit. Value = 1
als_data_rdy Read only bit. Value = 1 when ambient light measurement data is available in the result registers. This
bit will be reset when one of the corresponding result registers (reg #5, reg #6) is read.
prox_data_rdy Read only bit. Value = 1 when proximity measurement data is available in the result registers. This bit
will be reset when one of the corresponding result registers (reg #7, reg #8) is read.
als_od
R/W bit. Starts a single on-demand measurement for ambient light. If averaging is enabled, starts a
sequence of readings and stores the averaged result. Result is available at the end of conversion for
reading in the registers #5(HB) and #6(LB).
prox_od R/W bit. Starts a single on-demand measurement for proximity.
Result is available at the end of conversion for reading in the registers #7(HB) and #8(LB).
VCNL4000
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Register #1 Product ID Revision Register
Register address = 81h. This register contains information about product ID and product revision.
Register data value of current revision = 11h.
Register #2 without Function in Current Version
Register address = 82h.
Register #3 LED Current Setting for Proximity Mode
Register address = 83h. This register is to set the LED current value for proximity measurement.
The value is adjustable in steps of 10 mA from 0 mA to 200 mA.
This register also contains information about the used device fuse program ID.
Register #4 Ambient Light Parameter Register
Register address = 84h.
TABLE 2 - PRODUCT ID REVISION REGISTER #1
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
Product ID Revision ID
Description
Product ID Read only bits. Value = 1
Revision ID
TABLE 3 - IR LED CURRENT REGISTER #3
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
Fuse prog ID IR LED current value
Description
Fuse prog ID Read only bits.
Information about fuse program revision used for initial setup/calibration of the device.
IR LED current value
R/W bits. IR LED current = Value (dec.) x 10 mA.
Valid Range = 0 to 20d. e.g. 0 = 0 mA , 1 = 10 mA, …., 20 = 200 mA (2 = 20 mA = DEFAULT)
LED Current is limited to 200 mA for values higher as 20d.
TABLE 4 - AMBIENT LIGHT PARAMETER REGISTER #4
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
Cont. conv.
mode N/A Auto offset
compensation
Averaging function
(number of measurements per run)
Description
Bit 7
Cont. conversion mode
R/W bit. Continuous conversion mode.
Enable = 1; Disable = 0 = DEFAULT
This function can be used for performing faster ambient light measurements. Please refer to the
application information chapter 3.3 for details about this function.
Bit 3
Auto offset compensation
R/W bit. Automatic offset compensation.
Enable = 1 = DEFAULT; Disable = 0
In order to compensate a technology, package or temperature related drift of the ambient light values
there is a built in automatic offset compensation function.
With active auto offset compensation the offset value is measured before each ambient light
measurement and subtracted automatically from actual reading.
Bit 0 to bit 2
Averaging function
R/W bits. Averaging function.
Bit values sets the number of single conversions done during one measurement cycle. Result is the
average value of all conversions.
Number of conversions = 2decimal_value e.g. 0 = 1 conv., 1 = 2 conv, 2 = 4 conv., ….7 = 128 conv.
DEFAULT = 32 conv.
VCNL4000
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Register #5 and #6 Ambient Light Result Register
Register address = 85h and 86h. These registers are the result registers for ambient light measurement readings.
The result is a 16 bit value. The high byte is stored in register #5 and the low byte in register #6.
Register #7 and #8 Proximity Measurement Result Register
Register address = 87h and 88h. These registers are the result registers for proximity measurement readings.
The result is a 16 bit value. The high byte is stored in register #7 and the low byte in register #8.
Register #9 Proximity Measurement Signal Frequency
Register address = 89h.
TABLE 5 - AMBIENT LIGHT RESULT REGISTER #5
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
Description
Read only bits. High byte (15:8) of ambient light measurement result
TABLE 6 - AMBIENT LIGHT RESULT REGISTER #6
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
Description
Read only bits. Low byte (7:0) of ambient light measurement result
TABLE 7 - PROXIMITY RESULT REGISTER #7
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
Description
Read only bits. High byte (15:8) of proximity measurement result
TABLE 8 - PROXIMITY RESULT REGISTER #8
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
Description
Read only bits. Low byte (7:0) of proximity measurement result
TABLE 9 - PROXIMITY MEASUREMENT SIGNAL FREQUENCY #9
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
N/A Proximity frequency
Description
Bit 0 and 1
Proximity frequency
R/W bits. Setting the proximity IR test signal frequency. The proximity measurement is using a square
IR signal as measurement signal. Four different values are possible:
00 = 3.125 MHz
01 = 1.5625 MHz
02 = 781.25 kHz (DEFAULT)
03 = 390.625 kHz
VCNL4000
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Register #10 Proximity Modulator Timing Adjustment
Register address = 8Ah.
Note
• The settings for best performance will be provided by Vishay. With first samples this is evaluated to: delay time = 4 and dead time = 1, with
that register #10 should be programmed with: 129 (dez.)
Register #11 Ambient IR Light Level Register
Register address = 8Bh.
This register is not intended to be used by customer.
3. IMPORTANT APPLICATION HINTS AND EXAMPLES
3.1 Receiver standby mode
In standby mode the receiver has the lowest current consumption of about 1.5 μA. In this mode only the I2C interface is active.
This is always valid, when there are no measurement demands for proximity and ambient light executed. Also the current sink
for the IR-LED is inactive, so there is no need for changing register #3 (IR LED current).
3.2 Data Read
In order to get a certain register value, the register has to be addressed without data like shown in the following scheme. After
this register addressing, the data from the addressed register is written after a subsequent read command.
Fig. 14 - Send Byte/Receive Byte Protocol
The stop condition between these write and read sequences is not mandatory. It works also with a repeated start condition.
Note
• For reading out 2 (or more) subsequent registers like the result registers, it is not necessary to address each of the registers separately. After
one read command the internal register counter is increased automatically and any subsequent read command is accessing the next
register.
Example: read register “Ambient Light Result Register” #5 and #6:
Addressing:command: 26h, 85h (VCNL4000_I
2
C_Bus_Write_Adr., Ambient Light Result Register #5 [85])
Read register #5:command: 27h, data (VCNL4000_I
2
C_Bus_Read_Adr., {High Byte Data of Ambient Light Result Register #5 [85])}
Read register #6:command: 27h, data (VCNL4000_I
2
C_Bus_Read_Adr., {Low Byte Data of Ambient Light Result Register #6 [86])}
TABLE 10 - PROXIMITY MODULATOR TIMING ADJUSTMENT #10
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
Modulation delay time N/A Modulation dead Time
Description
Modulation delay time
R/W bits. Setting a delay time between IR LED signal and IR input signal evaluation.
This function is for compensation of delays from IR LED and IR photo diode.
Also in respect to the possibility for setting different proximity signal frequency.
Correct adjustment is optimizing measurement signal level.
Modulation dead Time
R/W bits. Setting a dead time in evaluation of IR signal at the slopes of the IR signal.
This function is for reducing of possible disturbance effects.
This function is reducing signal level and should be used carefully.
SSlave address
Rd
Receive byte Read data from VCNL4000
ARegister address AWr P
SSlave address PA
AData byte
S = start condition
P = stop condition
A = acknowledge
Host action
VCNL4000 response22314
VCNL4000
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3.3 Continuous Conversion Mode in Ambient Light Measurement
In the following is a detail description of the function “continuous conversion” (bit 7 of register #4)
Standard mode (bit 7 of reg #4 = 0):
In standard mode the ambient light measurement is done during a fixed time frame of 100 ms. The single measurement itself
takes actually only appr. 300 μs.
The following figures show examples of this measurement timing in standard mode using averaging function 2 and 8 as
examples for illustration (possible values up to 128).
Fig. 15 - Ambient Light Measurement with Averaging = 2;
Final Measurement Result = Average of these 2 Measurements
Fig. 16 - Ambient Light Measurement with Averaging = 8;
Final Measurement Result = Average of these 8 Measurements
Note
•≥ Independent of setting of averaging the result is available only after 100 ms.
Continuous conversion mode (bit7 of reg #4 = 1):
In continuous conversion mode the single measurements are done directly subsequent after each other.
See following examples in figure 17 and 18
Fig. 17 - Ambient Light Measurement with Averaging = 2;
using Continuous Conversion Mode
Fig. 18 - Ambient Light Measurement with Averaging = 8;
using Continuous Conversion Mode
50 ms
100 ms
Start
22315
12.5 ms
Start
100 ms
22316
460 μs
Start
1.5 ms22317
460 μs
Start
4.2 ms
22318
VCNL4000
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PACKAGE DIMENSIONS in millimeters
specications
according to DIN
technical drawings
Drawing-No.: 6.550-5302.01-4
Issue: prel; 16.02.10
22320
0.75
0.15
3.95
3.95
0.75 ± 0.05
4 x 0.75 = 3
0.935
0.985
2.615
3.355
0.735
3.205
0.475 0.475
0.555
1.26
0.545
0.475
1.8
0.4 ± 0.05
0.4 ± 0.05
0.35 ± 0.05
Proposed PCB Footprint
0.35 (10x)
0.75
4 x 0.75 = 3
0.4
0.805
0.805
1.26
1.8
0.4
(3.95)
(3.95)
0.2
0.2
0.47 ± 0.05
0.175 ± 0.05
Not indicated tolerances ± 0.1
Anode Emitter
GND
V
DD
GND
Cathode Emitter
SDA SCL
Pad must not be
electrical connected
Pinning
V
DD
GND
GND
SDA SCL
Anode Emitter
Cathode Emitter
Top view
Pinning
Bottom view
0.175 ± 0.05
0.175 ± 0.05
VCNL4000
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TAPE AND REEL DIMENSIONS in millimeters
Drawing-No.: 9.800-510301-4
Leader and trailer tape:
Parts mounted
Empty Trailer 200mm min.
Empty Leader 400mm min.
Direction of pulling out
Unreel direction
Ø 60 min.
Ø Y
2 ± 0.5
Label posted here
coming out from reel
Tape position
12.4 + 2
18.4 max.
Ø 21 ± 0.8
100mm min. with cover tape
specications
according to DIN
technical drawings
Not indicated tolerances ± 0.1
Issue: prel; 02.12.09
22319
2
1.75
5.5
12 ± 0.3
84
4.25
Ø 1.5
4.25
0.9
0.3
Reel size "Y"
GS 08 Ø 180 ± 2 = 1800 pcs.
GS 18 Ø 330 ± 2 = 7000 pcs.
Ø 13 ± 0.2
X 2:1
X
VCNL4000
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SOLDER PROFILE
Fig. 19 - Lead (Pb)-free Reflow Solder Profile acc. J-STD-020
DRYPACK
Devices are packed in moisture barrier bags (MBB) to
prevent the products from moisture absorption during
transportation and storage. Each bag contains a desiccant.
FLOOR LIFE
Floor life (time between soldering and removing from MBB)
must not exceed the time indicated on MBB label:
Floor life: 168 h
Conditions: Tamb < 30 °C, RH < 60 %
Moisture sensitivity level 3, acc. to J-STD-020.
DRYING
In case of moisture absorption devices should be baked
before soldering. Conditions see J-STD-020 or label.
Devices taped on reel dry using recommended conditions
192 h at 40 °C (+ 5 °C), RH < 5 %.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Time (s)
Temperature (°C)
240 °C 245 °C
max. 260 °C
max. 120 s max. 100 s
217 °C
max. 30 s
max. ramp up 3 °C/s max. ramp down 6 °C/s
19841
255 °C
Legal Disclaimer Notice
www.vishay.com Vishay
Revision: 02-Oct-12 1Document Number: 91000
Disclaimer
ALL PRODUCT, PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE TO IMPROVE
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Material Category Policy
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. hereby certifies that all its products that are identified as RoHS-Compliant fulfill the
definitions and restrictions defined under Directive 2011/65/EU of The European Parliament and of the Council
of June 8, 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment
(EEE) - recast, unless otherwise specified as non-compliant.
Please note that some Vishay documentation may still make reference to RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC. We confirm that
all the products identified as being compliant to Directive 2002/95/EC conform to Directive 2011/65/EU.
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requirements as per JEDEC JS709A standards. Please note that some Vishay documentation may still make reference
to the IEC 61249-2-21 definition. We confirm that all the products identified as being compliant to IEC 61249-2-21
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