Preliminary AEC Q100 Grade 1 Compliant FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. 16Kb Serial 3V F-RAM Memory Features 16K bit Ferroelectric Nonvolatile RAM * Organized as 2,048 x 8 bits * High Endurance 100 Trillion (1013) Read/Writes * NoDelayTM Writes * Advanced High-Reliability Ferroelectric Process Fast Serial Peripheral Interface - SPI * Up to 15 MHz Frequency * Direct Hardware Replacement for EEPROM * SPI Mode 0 & 3 (CPOL, CPHA=0,0 & 1,1) Description The FM25L16B is a 16-kilobit nonvolatile memory employing an advanced ferroelectric process. A ferroelectric random access memory or F-RAM is nonvolatile and performs reads and writes like a RAM. It provides reliable data retention for years while eliminating the complexities, overhead, and system level reliability problems caused by EEPROM and other nonvolatile memories. The FM25L16B performs write operations at bus speed. No write delays are incurred. Data is written to the memory array immediately after each byte has been transferred to the device. The next bus cycle may commence without the need for data polling. The FM25L16B is capable of supporting 1013 read/write cycles, or 10 million times more write cycles than EEPROM. These capabilities make the FM25L16B ideal for nonvolatile memory applications requiring frequent or rapid writes. Examples range from data collection, where the number of write cycles may be critical, to demanding industrial controls where the long write time of EEPROM can cause data loss. The FM25L16B provides substantial benefits to users of serial EEPROM as a hardware drop-in replacement. The FM25L16B uses the high-speed SPI bus, which enhances the high-speed write capability of F-RAM technology. Device specifications are guaranteed over an automotive temperature range of -40C to +125C. This is a product that has fixed target specifications but are subject to change pending characterization results. Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Sophisticated Write Protection Scheme * Hardware Protection * Software Protection Low Power Consumption * Low Voltage Operation 3.0-3.6V * 6 A Standby Current (+85C) Industry Standard Configuration * Automotive Temperature -40C to +125C o Qualified to AEC Q100 Specification * 8-pin "Green"/RoHS SOIC Package Pin Configuration CS 1 8 VDD SO 2 7 HOLD WP 3 6 SCK VSS 4 5 SI Pin Name /CS /WP /HOLD SCK SI SO VDD VSS Function Chip Select Write Protect Hold Serial Clock Serial Data Input Serial Data Output Supply Voltage Ground Ordering Information FM25L16B-GA FM25L16B-GATR "Green"/RoHS 8-pin SOIC, Automotive Grade 1 "Green"/RoHS 8-pin SOIC, Automotive Grade 1, Tape & Reel Ramtron International Corporation 1850 Ramtron Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 (800) 545-FRAM, (719) 481-7000 http://www.ramtron.com Page 1 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. WP Instruction Decode Clock Generator Control Logic Write Protect CS HOLD SCK 256 x 64 FRAM Array Instruction Register Address Register Counter SI 11 8 Data I/O Register SO 3 Nonvolatile Status Register Figure 1. Block Diagram Pin Descriptions Pin Name /CS I/O Input SCK Input /HOLD Input /WP Input SI Input SO Output VDD VSS Supply Supply Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Description Chip Select: This active low input activates the device. When high, the device enters low-power standby mode, ignores other inputs, and all outputs are tri-stated. When low, the device internally activates the SCK signal. A falling edge on /CS must occur prior to every op-code. Serial Clock: All I/O activity is synchronized to the serial clock. Inputs are latched on the rising edge and outputs occur on the falling edge. Since the device is static, the clock frequency may be any value between 0 and 15 MHz and may be interrupted at any time. Hold: The /HOLD pin is used when the host CPU must interrupt a memory operation for another task. When /HOLD is low, the current operation is suspended. The device ignores any transition on SCK or /CS. All transitions on /HOLD must occur while SCK is low. Write Protect: This active low pin prevents write operations to the status register. This is critical since other write protection features are controlled through the status register. A complete explanation of write protection is provided on pages 6 and 7. Serial Input: All data is input to the device on this pin. The pin is sampled on the rising edge of SCK and is ignored at other times. It should always be driven to a valid logic level to meet IDD specifications. * SI may be connected to SO for a single pin data interface. Serial Output: This is the data output pin. It is driven during a read and remains tristated at all other times including when /HOLD is low. Data transitions are driven on the falling edge of the serial clock. * SO may be connected to SI for a single pin data interface. Power Supply (3.0V to 3.6V) Ground Page 2 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. Overview The FM25L16B is a serial F-RAM memory. The memory array is logically organized as 2,048 x 8 and is accessed using an industry standard Serial Peripheral Interface or SPI bus. Functional operation of the F-RAM is similar to serial EEPROMs. The major difference between the FM25L16B and a serial EEPROM with the same pinout is the F-RAM's superior write performance. Memory Architecture When accessing the FM25L16B, the user addresses 2,048 locations of 8 data bits each. These data bits are shifted serially. The addresses are accessed using the SPI protocol, which includes a chip select (to permit multiple devices on the bus), an op-code, and a two-byte address. The upper 5 bits of the address range are `don't care' values. The complete address of 11-bits specifies each byte address uniquely. Most functions of the FM25L16B either are controlled by the SPI interface or are handled automatically by on-board circuitry. The access time for memory operation is essentially zero, beyond the time needed for the serial protocol. That is, the memory is read or written at the speed of the SPI bus. Unlike an EEPROM, it is not necessary to poll the device for a ready condition since writes occur at bus speed. So, by the time a new bus transaction can be shifted into the device, a write operation will be complete. This is explained in more detail in the interface section. Users expect several obvious system benefits from the FM25L16B due to its fast write cycle and high endurance as compared with EEPROM. In addition there are less obvious benefits as well. For example in a high noise environment, the fast-write operation is less susceptible to corruption than an EEPROM since it is completed quickly. By contrast, an EEPROM requiring milliseconds to write is vulnerable to noise during much of the cycle. Note that the FM25L16B contains no power management circuits other than a simple internal power-on reset. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that VDD is within datasheet tolerances to prevent incorrect operation. It is recommended that the part is not powered down with chip select active. Serial Peripheral Interface - SPI Bus microcontroller. Many common microcontrollers have hardware SPI ports allowing a direct interface. It is quite simple to emulate the port using ordinary port pins for microcontrollers that do not. The FM25L16B operates in SPI Mode 0 and 3. The SPI interface uses a total of four pins: clock, data-in, data-out, and chip select. A typical system configuration uses one or more FM25L16B devices with a microcontroller that has a dedicated SPI port, as Figure 2 illustrates. Note that the clock, data-in, and data-out pins are common among all devices. The Chip Select and Hold pins must be driven separately for each FM25L16B device. For a microcontroller that has no dedicated SPI bus, a general purpose port may be used. To reduce hardware resources on the controller, it is possible to connect the two data pins (SI, SO) together and tie off (high) the Hold pin. Figure 3 shows a configuration that uses only three pins. Protocol Overview The SPI interface is a synchronous serial interface using clock and data pins. It is intended to support multiple devices on the bus. Each device is activated using a chip select. Once chip select is activated by the bus master, the FM25L16B will begin monitoring the clock and data lines. The relationship between the falling edge of /CS, the clock and data is dictated by the SPI mode. The device will make a determination of the SPI mode on the falling edge of each chip select. While there are four such modes, the FM25L16B supports Modes 0 and 3. Figure 4 shows the required signal relationships for Modes 0 and 3. For both modes, data is clocked into the FM25L16B on the rising edge of SCK and data is expected on the first rising edge after /CS goes active. If the clock begins from a high state, it will fall prior to beginning data transfer in order to create the first rising edge. The SPI protocol is controlled by op-codes. These op-codes specify the commands to the device. After /CS is activated the first byte transferred from the bus master is the op-code. Following the op-code, any addresses and data are then transferred. Note that the WREN and WRDI op-codes are commands with no subsequent data transfer. Important: The /CS must go inactive (high) after an operation is complete and before a new op-code can be issued. There is one valid op-code only per active chip select. The FM25L16B employs a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus. It is specified to operate at speeds up to 10 MHz. This high-speed serial bus provides high performance serial communication to a host Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Page 3 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. SCK MOSI MISO SO SPI Microcontroller SI SCK SO FM25L16B CS SI SCK FM25L16B HOLD CS HOLD SS1 SS2 HOLD1 HOLD2 MOSI : Master Out Slave In MISO : Master In Slave Out SS : Slave Select Figure 2. System Configuration with SPI port P1.0 P1.1 Microcontroller SO SI SCK FM25L16B CS HOLD P1.2 Figure 3. System Configuration without SPI port SPI Mode 0: CPOL=0, CPHA=0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SPI Mode 3: CPOL=1, CPHA=1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Figure 4. SPI Modes 0 & 3 Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Page 4 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. Data Transfer All data transfers to and from the FM25L16B occur in 8-bit groups. They are synchronized to the clock signal (SCK), and they transfer most significant bit (MSB) first. Serial inputs are registered on the rising edge of SCK. Outputs are driven from the falling edge of SCK. Command Structure There are six commands called op-codes that can be issued by the bus master to the FM25L16B. They are listed in the table below. These op-codes control the functions performed by the memory. They can be divided into three categories. First, there are commands that have no subsequent operations. They perform a single function such as to enable a write operation. Second are commands followed by one byte, either in or out. They operate on the status register. The third group includes commands for memory transactions followed by an address and one or more bytes of data. Table 1. Op-code Commands Name Description Set Write Enable Latch WREN Write Disable WRDI Read Status Register RDSR Write Status Register WRSR Read Memory Data READ WRITE Write Memory Data Op-code 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0110b 0100b 0101b 0001b 0011b 0010b WREN - Set Write Enable Latch The FM25L16B will power up with writes disabled. The WREN command must be issued prior to any write operation. Sending the WREN op-code will allow the user to issue subsequent op-codes for write operations. These include writing the status register and writing the memory. Sending the WREN op-code causes the internal Write Enable Latch to be set. A flag bit in the status register, called WEL, indicates the state of the latch. WEL=1 indicates that writes are permitted. Attempting to write the WEL bit in the status register has no effect. Completing any write operation will automatically clear the write-enable latch and prevent further writes without another WREN command. Figure 5 below illustrates the WREN command bus configuration. WRDI - Write Disable The WRDI command disables all write activity by clearing the Write Enable Latch. The user can verify that writes are disabled by reading the WEL bit in the status register and verifying that WEL=0. Figure 6 illustrates the WRDI command bus configuration. Figure 5. WREN Bus Configuration Figure 6. WRDI Bus Configuration Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Page 5 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. RDSR - Read Status Register The RDSR command allows the bus master to verify the contents of the Status Register. Reading Status provides information about the current state of the write protection features. Following the RDSR opcode, the FM25L16B will return one byte with the contents of the Status Register. The Status Register is described in detail in a later section. WRSR - Write Status Register The WRSR command allows the user to select certain write protection features by writing a byte to the Status Register. Prior to issuing a WRSR command, the /WP pin must be high or inactive. Note that on the FM25L16B, /WP only prevents writing to the Status Register, not the memory array. Prior to sending the WRSR command, the user must send a WREN command to enable writes. Note that executing a WRSR command is a write operation and therefore clears the Write Enable Latch. The bus configuration of RDSR and WRSR are shown below. Figure 7. RDSR Bus Configuration Figure 8. WRSR Bus Configuration (WREN not shown) Status Register & Write Protection The write protection features of the FM25L16B are multi-tiered. First, a WREN op-code must be issued prior to any write operation. Assuming that writes are enabled using WREN, writes to memory are controlled by the Status Register. As described above, writes to the status register are performed using the WRSR command and subject to the /WP pin. The Status Register is organized as follows. Table 2. Status Register Bit Name 7 WPEN 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 BP1 2 BP0 1 WEL 0 0 Bits 0 and 4-6 are fixed at 0 and cannot be modified. Note that bit 0 (Ready in EEPROMs) is unnecessary as the F-RAM writes in real-time and is never busy. The WPEN, BP1 and BP0 control write protection Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 features. They are nonvolatile (shaded yellow). The WEL flag indicates the state of the Write Enable Latch. Attempting to directly write the WEL bit in the status register has no effect on its state. This bit is internally set and cleared via the WREN and WRDI commands, respectively. BP1 and BP0 are memory block write protection bits. They specify portions of memory that are write protected as shown in the following table. Table 3. Block Memory Write Protection BP1 BP0 Protected Address Range 0 0 None 0 1 600h to 7FFh (upper 1/4) 1 0 400h to 7FFh (upper 1/2) 1 1 000h to 7FFh (all) Page 6 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. The BP1 and BP0 bits and the Write Enable Latch are the only mechanisms that protect the memory from writes. The remaining write protection features protect inadvertent changes to the block protect bits. The WPEN bit controls the effect of the hardware /WP pin. When WPEN is low, the /WP pin is ignored. When WPEN is high, the /WP pin controls write access to the status register. Thus the Status Register is write protected if WPEN=1 and /WP=0. Table 4. Write Protection WEL WPEN /WP 0 X X 1 0 X 1 1 0 1 1 1 Protected Blocks Protected Protected Protected Protected Memory Operation The SPI interface, which is capable of a relatively high clock frequency, highlights the fast write capability of the F-RAM technology. Unlike SPI-bus EEPROMs, the FM25L16B can perform sequential writes at bus speed. No page register is needed and any number of sequential writes may be performed. Write Operation All writes to the memory array begin with a WREN op-code. The next op-code is the WRITE instruction. This op-code is followed by a two-byte address value. The upper 5-bits of the address are ignored. In total, the 11-bits specify the address of the first data byte of the write operation. Subsequent bytes are data and they are written sequentially. Addresses are incremented internally as long as the bus master continues to issue clocks. If the last address of 7FFh is reached, the counter will roll over to 000h. Data is written MSB first. A write operation is shown in Figure 9. Unlike EEPROMs, any number of bytes can be written sequentially and each byte is written to memory immediately after it is clocked in (after the Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 This scheme provides a write protection mechanism, which can prevent software from writing the memory under any circumstances. This occurs if the BP1 and BP0 are set to 1, the WPEN bit is set to 1, and /WP is set to 0. This occurs because the block protect bits prevent writing memory and the /WP signal in hardware prevents altering the block protect bits (if WPEN is high). Therefore in this condition, hardware must be involved in allowing a write operation. The following table summarizes the write protection conditions. Unprotected Blocks Protected Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected Status Register Protected Unprotected Protected Unprotected 8th clock). The rising edge of /CS terminates a WRITE op-code operation. Read Operation After the falling edge of /CS, the bus master can issue a READ op-code. Following this instruction is a twobyte address value. The upper 5-bits of the address are ignored. In total, the 11-bits specify the address of the first byte of the read operation. After the op-code and address are complete, the SI line is ignored. The bus master issues 8 clocks, with one bit read out for each. Addresses are incremented internally as long as the bus master continues to issue clocks. If the last address of 7FFh is reached, the counter will roll over to 000h. Data is read MSB first. The rising edge of /CS terminates a READ op-code operation. A read operation is shown in Figure 10. Hold The /HOLD pin can be used to interrupt a serial operation without aborting it. If the bus master pulls the /HOLD pin low while SCK is low, the current operation will pause. Taking the /HOLD pin high while SCK is low will resume an operation. The transitions of /HOLD must occur while SCK is low, but the SCK pin can toggle during a hold state. Page 7 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. CS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 X X X 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11-bit Address X X 10 9 3 2 1 0 7 6 Data 5 4 3 2 1 0 SCK op-code SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 MSB LSB MSB LSB SO Figure 9. Memory Write (WREN not shown) CS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 X X X 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 11-bit Address X X 10 9 3 2 1 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 2 1 7 SCK op-code SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 LSB MSB SO Data MSB 7 6 5 4 LSB 0 Figure 10. Memory Read Endurance The FM25L16B devices are capable of being accessed at least 1013 times, reads or writes. An FRAM memory operates with a read and restore mechanism. Therefore, an endurance cycle is applied on a row basis for each access (read or write) to the memory array. The F-RAM architecture is based on an array of rows and columns. Rows are defined by A10-A3 and column addresses by A2-A0. See Block Diagram (pg 2) which shows the array as 256 rows of 64-bits each. The entire row is internally accessed once whether a single byte or all eight bytes are read or written. Each byte in the row is counted only once in an endurance calculation. The table below shows endurance calculations for 64-byte repeating loop, which includes an op-code, a starting address, and a sequential 64-byte data stream. This causes each byte to experience one endurance cycle through the loop. F-RAM read and write endurance is virtually unlimited even at 10MHz clock rate. Table 5. Time to Reach Endurance Limit for Repeating 64-byte Loop SCK Freq Endurance Endurance Years to Reach (MHz) Cycles/sec. Cycles/year Limit 11 10 18,660 5.88 x 10 17.0 5 9,330 2.94 x 1011 34.0 1 1,870 5.88 x 1010 170.1 Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Page 8 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. Electrical Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Description VDD Power Supply Voltage with respect to VSS VIN Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS TSTG TLEAD VESD Storage Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) Electrostatic Discharge Voltage - Human Body Model (AEC-Q100-002 Rev. E) - Charged Device Model (AEC-Q100-011 Rev. B) - Machine Model (AEC-Q100-003 Rev. E) Package Moisture Sensitivity Level Ratings -1.0V to +5.0V -1.0V to +5.0V and VIN < VDD+1.0V -55C to + 125C 260 C TBD TBD TBD MSL-1 Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC Operating Conditions (TA = -40 C to +125 C, VDD = 3.0V to 3.6V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units VDD Power Supply Voltage 3.0 3.3 3.6 V IDD VDD Supply Current mA 0.2 @ SCK = 1.0 MHz mA 2.0 @ SCK = 15.0 MHz ISB Standby Current 6 @ +85C A 20 @ +125C A ILI Input Leakage Current 1 A ILO Output Leakage Current 1 A VIH Input High Voltage 0.75 VDD VDD + 0.3 V VIL Input Low Voltage -0.3 0.25 VDD V VOH Output High Voltage V VDD - 0.8 @ IOH = -2 mA VOL Output Low Voltage 0.4 V @ IOL = 2 mA VHYS Input Hysteresis 0.05 VDD V Notes 1. SCK toggling between VDD-0.3V and VSS, other inputs VSS or VDD-0.3V. 2. SCK = SI = /CS=VDD. All inputs VSS or VDD. 3. VSS VIN VDD and VSS VOUT VDD. 4. Characterized but not 100% tested in production. Applies only to /CS and SCK pins. Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Notes 1 2 3 3 4 Page 9 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. AC Parameters (TA = -40 C to +125 C, VDD = 3.0V to 3.6V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Max fCK SCK Clock Frequency 0 15 tCH Clock High Time 30 tCL Clock Low Time 30 tCSU Chip Select Setup 10 tCSH Chip Select Hold 10 tOD Output Disable Time 20 tODV Output Data Valid Time 30 tOH Output Hold Time 0 tD Deselect Time 60 tR Data In Rise Time 50 tF Data In Fall Time 50 tSU Data Setup Time 5 tH Data Hold Time 5 tHS /HOLD Setup Time 10 tHH /HOLD Hold Time 10 tHZ /HOLD Low to Hi-Z 20 tLZ /HOLD High to Data Active 20 Notes 1. 2. 3. Notes 1 1 2 2,3 2,3 2 2 tCH + tCL = 1/fCK. Characterized but not 100% tested in production. Rise and fall times measured between 10% and 90% of waveform. Capacitance (TA = 25 C, f=1.0 MHz, VDD = 3.3V) Symbol Parameter CO Output Capacitance (SO) CI Input Capacitance Notes 1. 2. Units MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Min - Max 8 6 Units pF pF Notes 1 1 This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. Slope measured at any point on VDD waveform. AC Test Conditions Input Pulse Levels Input rise and fall times 10% and 90% of VDD 5 ns Input and output timing levels Output Load Capacitance 0.5 VDD 30 pF Power Cycle Timing Power Cycle Timing (TA = -40 C to +125 C, VDD = 3.0V to 3.6V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units tPU VDD(min) to First Access Start 10 ms tPD Last Access Complete to VDD(min) 0 s tVR VDD Rise Time 30 s/V tVF VDD Fall Time 100 s/V Notes 1. Slope measured at any point on VDD waveform. Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Notes 1 1 Page 10 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. Serial Data Bus Timing /Hold Timing tHS CS tHH SCK tHH tHS HOLD SO tHZ tLZ Data Retention (VDD = 3.0V to 3.6V) Parameter Min Max Units Notes Data Retention Years 17 @ TA = +55C Hours 10,000 @ TA = +105C Hours 1,000 @ TA = +125C Note: Data retention qualification tests are accelerated tests and are performed such that all three conditions have been applied: (1) 17 years at a temperature of +55C, (2) 10,000 hours at +105C, and (3) 1,000 hours at +125C. Typical Grade 1 Storage Profile Typical Grade 1 Operating Profile 25000 1400 1200 1000 20000 Hours Hours 1600 800 600 400 200 10000 5000 0 0 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 Temperature (C) Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 15000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Temperature (C) Page 11 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. Mechanical Drawing 8-pin SOIC (JEDEC Standard MS-012, variation AA) Recommended PCB Footprint 7.70 3.90 0.10 3.70 6.00 0.20 2.00 Pin 1 0.65 1.27 4.90 0.10 1.27 0.33 0.51 0.25 0.50 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 0.10 mm 0- 8 0.19 0.25 45 0.40 1.27 Refer to JEDEC MS-012 for complete dimensions and notes. All dimensions in millimeters. SOIC Package Marking Scheme XXXXXXPT RLLLLLLL RICYYWW Legend: XXXXXX= part number, P= package type (G=SOIC) , T= temperature (A=Automotive, blank=ind.) R=rev code, LLLLLLL= lot code RIC=Ramtron Int'l Corp, YY=year, WW=work week Example: FM25L16B, "Green" SOIC package, Automotive Temperature, Rev A, Lot L3502G1, Year 2011, Work Week 04 FM25L16BGA AL3502G1 RIC1104 Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Page 12 of 13 FM25L16B - Automotive Temp. Revision History Revision 1.0 Rev. 1.0 Feb. 2011 Date 2/18/2011 Summary Initial Release Page 13 of 13