DATA SHEET AAT3685: Li-Ion/Polymer Battery Charger Applications Description Cellular telephones The AAT3685 BatteryManagerTM is a highly integrated single cell lithium-ion/polymer battery charger IC designed to operate with USB port or line adapter inputs. It requires the minimum number of external components. Digital still cameras Hand-held PCs MP3 players Personal Data Assistants (PDAs) Other lithium-ion/polymer battery-powered devices Features Adapter or USB charger Programmable up to 1 A max. 4.0 V to 5.5 V input voltage range High level of integration with internal: Charging device Reverse blocking diode Current sensing Automatic recharge sequencing Charge reduction loop Battery temperature monitoring Full battery charge auto turn-off Over-voltage protection Emergency thermal protection Power on reset and soft start Serial interface status reporting Pb-free, thermally-enhance TDFN (12-pin, 3 mm 3 mm) package (MSL1, 260 C per JEDEC J-STD-020) The AAT3685 precisely regulates battery charge voltage and current for 4.2 V lithium-ion/polymer battery cells. Regardless of the type of input power source (USB or adapter), the AAT3685 can be programmed for two separate constant current charge levels up to 1 A. An optional Charge Reduction Loop is built in to allow users to charge the battery with available current from the charge supply, while keeping the port voltage regulated. Battery temperature and charge state are fully monitored for fault conditions. In the event of an over-voltage or over-temperature failure, the device will automatically shut down, thus protecting the charging device, control system, and the battery under charge. Status monitor output pins are provided to indicate the battery charge status by directly driving two external LEDs. A serial interface output is available to report any one of 14 various status states to a microcontroller. The AAT3685 is available in a Pb-free, thermally-enhanced, space-saving 12-pin 3 x 3mm TDFN package and is rated over the -40 C to +85 C temperature range. A typical application circuit is shown in Figure 1. The pin configurations are shown in Figure 2. Signal pin assignments and functional pin descriptions are provided in Table 1. Skyworks GreenTM products are compliant with all applicable legislation and are halogen-free. For additional information, refer to Skyworks Definition of GreenTM, document number SQ04-0074. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 1 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Enable EN Adapter or USB Input ADP/USB CHR Input Hi/Lo Select PWRSEL BAT BATT+ SETH AAT3685 RSETH SETL C2 10 F BATT- TS GND RSETL DATA STAT1 TEMP STAT2 Battery Pack Serial Data tc424 Figure 1. AAT3685 Typical Application Circuit ADP/USB 1 12 SETH BAT 2 11 SETL GND 3 10 PWRSEL CHR 4 9 STAT1 EN 5 8 STAT2 TS 6 7 DATA tc425 Figure 2. AAT3685 Pinout - 12-Pin, 3 mm 3 mm TDFN (Top View) Table 1. AAT3685 Signal Descriptions Pin Name Type Description 1 ADP/USB In Line adapter or USB power supply input. 2 BAT In/Out Battery charging and sensing. 3 GND Ground Ground connection. 4 CHR In/Out Resistor divider to set USB voltage regulation for charge reduction mode. Leave this pin open for default 4.5 V USB regulation point. Tie to ADP/USB pin to disable this function. 5 EN In Enable pin. Logic high enables the IC. 6 TS In/Out Connect to 10 k NTC thermistor. 7 DATA In/Out Status report to microcontroller via serial interface, open-drain. 8 STAT2 Out Battery charge status indicator pin to drive an LED: active low, open-drain. 9 STAT1 Out Battery charge status indicator pin to drive an LED: active low, open-drain. 10 PWRSEL In When ADP/USB is present, use this pin to toggle between SETH and SETL charging levels. 11 SETL In/Out Connect resistor here to set charge current for low-current port. 12 SETH In/Out Connect resistor here to set charge current for high-current port. EP Exposed paddle (bottom); connect to GND directly beneath package. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 2 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Electrical and Mechanical Specifications Typical performance characteristics of the AAT3685 are illustrated in Figures 3 through 21. Table 2 shows the AAT3685 feature options. The absolute maximum ratings of the AAT3685 are provided in Table 3, the thermal information is listed in Table 4, and electrical specifications are provided in Table 5. Table 2. AAT3685 Feature Options Part Number Internal Pull-up Resistor on EN Pin Can Leave TS Pin Open AAT3685 No No AAT3685-1 Yes Yes Table 3. AAT3685 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Units VADP 0.3 7.0 V ADP/USB input voltage, continuous VADP 0.3 6.0 V BAT, PWRSEL, SETH, SETL, STAT1, STAT2, DATA, TS, CHR, EN VN 0.3 6.0 V Operating junction temperature range TJ 40 +85 C Maximum soldering temperature (at leads) TLEAD 300 C ADP/USB input voltage, <30 ms, duty cycle <10% Note 1: Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may reduce device reliability. There is no damage to device with only one parameter set at the limit and all other parameters set at or below their nominal value. Exceeding any of the limits listed may result in permanent damage to the device. Table 4. AAT3685 Thermal Information Parameter Symbol Value Units Maximum thermal resistance (Note 1) JA 50 C/W Maximum power dissipation PD 2 W Note 1: Mounted on an FR4 board. CAUTION: Although this device is designed to be as robust as possible, electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage this device. This device must be protected at all times from ESD. Static charges may easily produce potentials of several kilovolts on the human body or equipment, which can discharge without detection. Industry-standard ESD precautions should be used at all times. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 3 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Table 5. AAT3685 Electrical Specifications (1 of 2) (Note 1) (VADP = 5 V, TA = -40 C to +85 C. Unless Otherwise Noted, Typical Values are TA = 25 C) Parameter Symbol Test Condition Min Typical Max Units 5.5 V Operation Input voltage range ADP/USB Under-voltage lockout 4.0 Rising edge 3.0 V VUVLO Under-voltage lockout hysteresis 150 mV Operating current IOP CC charge current = 500 mA 0.75 1.5 mA Sleep mode current ISLEEP VBAT = 4.25 V 0.3 1.0 A Reverse leakage current from BAT pin ILEAKAGE VBAT = 4 V, ADP/USB pin open End of charge voltage accuracy (Note 2) VBAT_EOC EOC voltage tolerance VBAT/VBAT Preconditioning voltage threshold VMIN Battery recharge voltage threshold VRCH A 1.0 4.158 4.2 4.242 0.5 2.8 3.0 % 3.15 VBAT_EOC - 0.1 No connection on CHR pin V V V Charge reduction regulation VADP/USB_CHR 4.3 4.5 4.64 V CHR pin voltage accuracy VCHR 1.9 2.0 2.1 V Charge current ICH 50 1000 mA Charge current regulation tolerance ICH/ICH 10 % SETH pin voltage VSETH CC Mode 2.0 V SETL pin voltage VSETL CC Mode 2.0 V Current set factor: ICHARGE/ISETH KIUH 2000 Current set factor: ICHARGE/ISETL KIUL 2000 Current Regulation Charging Devices Charge MOSFET transistor on resistance RDS(ON)U VIN = 5.5 V 0.4 0.5 0.65 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 4 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Table 5. AAT3685 Electrical Specifications (2 of 2) (Note 1) (VADP = 5 V, TA = -40 C to +85C. Unless Otherwise Noted, Typical Values are TA = 25 C) Logic Control/Protection Input high threshold VPWRSEL(H) Input low threshold VPWRSEL(L) 1.6 V 0.4 V Input high threshold VEN(H) Input low threshold VEN(L) 1.6 V Output low voltage VSTAT STAT pin current sink capability ISTAT 8.0 mA Over-voltage protection threshold VOVP 4.4 V Pre-charge current ITK/ICHG 0.4 STAT pin sinks 4 mA V 0.4 V For SETH Mode 10 % For SETL Mode 50 % 7.5 % Charge termination threshold current ITERM/ICHG For SETH Mode Charge termination threshold current ITERM/ICHG For SETL Mode Current source from TS pin ITS TS hot temperature fault TS1 Threshold 35 80 90 310 330 350 Hysteresis Threshold % 70 15 2.2 2.3 A mV mV 2.4 V TS cold temperature fault TS2 DATA pin sink current IDATA Input high threshold VDATA(H) Input low threshold VDATA(L) Status request pulse width SQPULSE System clock period tPERIOD 50 s Data output frequency fDATA 20 kHz Over-temperature shutdown threshold TOVSD 145 C Hysteresis DATA pin is active low state 10 mV 3.0 mA 1.6 V 0.4 Status request V 200 ns Note 1: Performance is guaranteed only under the conditions listed in this table. Note 2: The AAT3685 output charge voltage is specified over the 0 to 70 C ambient temperature range; operation over the -40 C to +85 C temperature range is guaranteed by design. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 5 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Typical Performance Characteristics (VADP = 5 V, TA = -40 C to +85C. Unless Otherwise Noted, Typical Values are TA = 25 C) 4.242 10000 VBAT (V) SETL SETH 4.179 10 1 4.200 10 100 tc437 100 tc436 IFASTCHARGE (mA) 4.221 1000 4.158 4.5 1000 4.75 5 RSET (k ) 5.25 5.5 Supply Voltage (V) Figure 4. Battery Voltage vs Supply Voltage Figure 3. IFASTCHARGE vs RSET 4.242 4.140 4.130 4.120 4.221 4.100 VEOC (V) VRCH (V) 4.110 4.090 4.080 4.070 4.200 4.179 4.040 -50 tc438 4.050 -25 0 25 50 75 4.158 -50 100 tc439 4.060 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature (C) Temperature (C) Figure 6. End of Charge Voltage vs Temperature Figure 5. Recharge Voltage vs Temperature 120 3.05 3.04 3.03 110 3.01 ICH (mA) VMIN (V) 3.02 3.00 2.99 2.98 100 90 2.95 -50 tc440 2.96 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature (C) Figure 7. Preconditioning Threshold Voltage vs Temperature 80 -50 tc441 2.97 -25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (C) Figure 8. Preconditioning Charge Current vs Temperature (SETH; RSETH = 3.83 k) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 6 100 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER 1200 1100 1080 1000 1060 800 1020 ICH (mA) 1000 980 600 400 960 940 200 900 -50 tc442 920 -25 0 25 50 75 tc443 ICH (mA) 1040 0 2.5 100 3 3.5 4 4.5 Battery Voltage (V) Temperature (C) Figure 10. Charge Current vs Battery Voltage (SETH; RSETH = 3.83 k) Figure 9. Fast Charge Current vs Temperature (SETH; RSETH = 3.83 k) 120 1200 100 1000 80 800 600 40 400 20 200 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 VBAT = 3.9 V VBAT = 3.5 V tc445 ICH (mA) 60 tc444 ICH (mA) VBAT = 3.3 V 0 4.5 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5.25 5.5 5.75 6 Supply Voltage (V) Battery Voltage (V) Figure 12. Fast Charge Current vs Supply Voltage (SETH; RSETH = 3.83 k) Figure 11. Charge Current vs Battery Voltage (SETL; RSETL = 40.2 k) 1200 120 0 C VBAT = 3.5 V 1000 100 VBAT = 3.9 V 70 C 800 VBAT = 3.3 V 25 C 600 400 20 200 tc446 40 0 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage (V) Figure 13. Fast Charge Current vs Supply Voltage (SETL; RSETL = 40.2 k) 6.5 0 4.40 tc447 60 ICH (mA) 80 ICH (mA) 5 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 Supply Voltage (V) Figure 14. Fast Charge Current vs Supply Voltage (SETH; RSETH = 3.83 k) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 7 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 -40 C 1.1 1.1 +25 C VIL (V) 0.9 -40 C 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 +85 C 0.6 0.6 0.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 +85 C 0.5 tc448 0.5 0.4 4.2 6 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 Supply Voltage (V) Supply Voltage (V) Figure 16. VIL vs Supply Voltage (EN Pin Falling) Figure 15. VIH vs Supply Voltage (EN Pin Rising) 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 -40 C +25 C 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 VIL (V) 0.9 -40 C +25 C 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 +85 C 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 4.2 tc450 0.6 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 +85 C tc451 VIH (V) +25 C 1.0 tc449 VIH (V) 1.0 0.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 Supply Voltage (V) Supply Voltage (V) Figure 18. VIL vs Supply Voltage (PWRSEL Pin Falling) Figure 17. VIH vs Supply Voltage (PWRSEL Pin Rising) USB VBUS (200 mV/div) 0.80 0.70 USB Charge Current (200 mA/div) 0.60 Constant Current IQ (mA) 0.50 Charge Reduction Mode Activated 0.40 0.30 tc452 0.10 0.00 1 10 100 SETH Resistor (k ) Figure 19. Supply Current vs SETH Resistor 1000 tc453 USB Peripheral Current Consumption (200 mA/div) Pre-Conditioning 0.20 0 2 4 6 8 Time (s) Figure 20. Charge Current vs Time (SETH; RSETH = 8.06 k) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 8 10 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER 88 TS Pin CUrrent (m mA) 86 84 82 80 78 76 72 -50 tc454 74 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature (C) Figure 21. Temperature Sense Output Current vs Temperature Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 9 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Reverse Blocking ADP/USB PWRSEL SETH SETL CHR BAT Current Compare Charge Reduction Loop Constant Current CV/ Precharge Charge Control UVLO OverTemperature Protect STAT1 Charge Status STAT2 80 A TS Serial Data DATA Window Comparator IC enable EN GND tc425 Figure 22. AAT3685 Functional Block Diagram Functional Description A functional block diagram is shown in Figure 22. The AAT3685 is a highly integrated single cell li-ion/polymer battery charger IC designed to operate from adapter or USB port VBUS supplies, while requiring a minimum number of external components. The device precisely regulates battery charge voltage and current for 4.2 V li-ion/polymer battery cells. The AAT3685 is specifically designed for being powered from a USB port VBUS supply, but it can also be powered from any input voltage source capable supplying 4.5 V to 5.5 V for loads up to 1 A. The AAT3685 constant charge current can be externally programmed for two levels, SETH and SETL, for maximum constant current charge levels up to 1 A. The SETH/L mode has an automatic Charge Reduction Loop control to allow users to charge the battery with limited available current from a port while maintaining the regulated port voltage. This system assures the battery charge function will not overload the port while charging if other system demands also share power with the respective port supply. interface output is available to report 14 various charge states to a system microcontroller. Battery temperature and charge state are fully monitored for fault conditions. In the event of an over-voltage or overtemperature failure, the device will automatically shut down, thus protecting the charging device, control system, and the battery under charge. In addition to internal charge controller thermal protection, the AAT3685 also provides a temperature sense feedback function (TS pin) from the battery to shut down the device in the event the battery exceeds its own thermal limit during charging. All fault events are reported to the user either by the simple status LEDs or via the DATA pin function. Charging Operation The AAT3685 has four basic modes for the battery charge cycle and is powered from the input: pre-conditioning/trickle charge; constant current/fast charge; constant voltage; and end of charge. For reference, Figure 23 shows the current versus voltage profile during charging phases. Status monitor output pins are provided to indicate the battery charge status by directly driving two external LEDs. A serial Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 10 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Battery Preconditioning Constant Voltage Charging Before the start of charging, the AAT3685 checks several conditions in order to assure a safe charging environment. The input supply must be above the minimum operating voltage, or under-voltage lockout threshold (VUVLO), for the charging sequence to begin. In addition, the cell temperature, as reported by a thermistor connected to the TS pin from the battery, must be within the proper window for safe charging. When these conditions have been met and a battery is connected to the BAT pin, the AAT3685 checks the state of the battery. If the cell voltage is below the Preconditioning Voltage Threshold (VMIN), the AAT3685 begins preconditioning the cell. The system transitions to a constant voltage charging mode when the battery voltage reaches output charge regulation threshold (VBAT) during the constant current, fast charge phase. The regulation voltage level is factory programmed to 4.2 V (1%). The charge current in the constant voltage mode drops as the battery cell under charge reaches its maximum capacity. End of Charge Cycle Termination and Recharge Sequence When the charge current drops to 7.5% of the programmed fast charge current level in the constant voltage mode, the device terminates charging and goes into a sleep state. The charger will remain in a sleep state until the battery voltage decreases to a level below the battery recharge voltage threshold (VRCH). The battery preconditioning trickle charge current is equal to the fast charge constant current divided by 10. For example, if the programmed fast charge current is 500 mA, then the preconditioning mode (trickle charge) current will be 50 mA. Cell preconditioning is a safety precaution for a deeply discharged battery and also aids in limiting power dissipation in the pass transistor when the voltage across the device is at the greatest potential. When the input supply is disconnected, the charger will also automatically enter power-saving sleep mode. Only consuming an ultra-low 0.3 A in sleep mode, the AAT3685 minimizes battery drain when it is not charging. This feature is particularly useful in applications where the input supply level may fall below the battery charge or under-voltage lockout level. In such cases where the AAT3685 input voltage drops, the device will enter the sleep mode and automatically resume charging once the input supply has recovered from its fault condition. Fast Charge/Constant Current Charging Battery cell preconditioning continues until the voltage on the BAT pin exceeds the Preconditioning Voltage Threshold (VMIN). At this point, the AAT3685 begins the constant current fast charging phase. The fast charge constant current (ICC) amplitude is determined by the selected charge mode SETH or SETL and is programmed by the user via the RSETH and RSETL resistors. The AAT3685 remains in constant current charge mode until the battery reaches the voltage regulation point, VBAT. Charge Complete Voltage Regulated Current Preconditioning Trickle Charge Phase System Operation Flow Chart Figure 24 illustrates the system operation flow chart for the battery charger. Constant Current Charge Phase Constant Voltage Charge Phase I = Max CC Constant Current Mode Voltage Threshold Trickle Charge and Termination Threshold I = CC/10 tc427 Figure 23 . Current vs Voltage Profile during Charging Phases Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 11 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Switch On UVLO VADP > VUVLO No Sleep Mode Yes Input Power SETL Current Loop 0 SETH Current Loop 1 Power On Reset Fault Conditions Monitor OV, OT Yes No Yes Battery Temperature Monitor VTS1 < VTS < VTS2 Input Detect PWRSEL= ? Shut Down Mode No Battery Temp. Fault Input Voltage Regulation Enable No No Recharge Test VRCH > VBAT Yes Preconditioning Test VMIN > VBAT Yes Low Current Conditioning Charge Port Voltage Test VADP/USB < VADP/USB_CHR Yes No Current Phase Test VEOC > VBAT Yes Current Charging Mode Yes Voltage Charging Mode Charge Current Reduction No Voltage Phase Test IBAT > ITERM No Charge Completed tc428 Figure 24. System Operation Flowchart for the Battery Charger Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 12 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Application Information Table 6. Constant Charging Current vs RSET USB System Power Charging Constant Charging Current (mA) RSETH (k) RSETL (k) 50 86.6 86.6 The USB charge mode provides two programmable fast charge levels up to 1 A for each, SETH and SETL. The SETH or SETL modes may be externally selected by the select pin (PWRSEL). When the PWRSEL pin is connected to a logic high level, the SETH level will be active. Conversely, when PWRSEL is pulled to a logic low level (ground), the SETL level will be used for fast charging. These two charge levels may be user programmed to any level between 50 mA and 1 A by selecting the appropriate resistor values for RSETH and RSETL. Refer to Table 6 for recommended RSETH and RSETL values for the desired input constant current charge levels. 75 57.6 57.6 100 42.2 42.2 200 21.0 20.5 300 13.7 13.7 400 10.2 10.2 500 8.06 8.06 600 6.65 6.65 700 5.62 5.62 800 4.87 4.87 Charge Reduction 900 4.32 4.32 In many instances, product system designers do not know the real properties of a potential port to be used to supply power to the battery charger. Typical powered USB ports commonly found on desktop and notebook PCs should supply up to 500 mA. In the event a port being used to supply the charger is unable to provide the programmed fast charge current, or if the system under charge must also share supply current with other functions, the AAT3685 will automatically reduce USB fast charge current to maintain port integrity and protect the host system. 1000 3.83 3.83 The charge reduction system becomes active when the voltage on the input falls below the charge reduction threshold (VADP/USB_CHR), which is typically 4.5 V. Regardless of which charge function is selected (SETH or SETL), the charge reduction system will reduce the fast charge current level in a linear fashion until the voltage sensed on the input recovers above the charge reduction threshold voltage. The charge reduction threshold (VADP/USB_CHR) may be externally set to a value lower than 4.5 V by placing a resistor divider network between VADP/USB and ground with the center connected to the CHR pin. The charge reduction feature may be disabled by connecting a 10 k resistor from the CHR pin directly to the ADP/USB input pin. The following equation may be used to approximate a USB charge reduction threshold below 4.5 V: V ADP/USB 2.0V R12 R11 R12 where, R11/R12 << 1 M. Figure 25 gives the internal equivalent circuit for the CHR pin. VADP/USB ADP/USB 1.025 M R11 CHR VCHR = 2.0 V R12 825 k tc429 Figure 25. Internal Equivalent Circuit for the CHR Pin Input Charge Inhibit and Resume The AAT3685 UVLO and power on reset feature will function when the input pin voltage level drops below the UVLO threshold. At this point, the charger will suspend charging and shut down. When power is re-applied to the ADP/USB pin or the UVLO condition recovers, the system charge control will assess the state of charge on the battery cell and will automatically resume charging in the appropriate mode for the condition of the battery. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 13 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER In order to fully utilize the power capacity from a line adapter or USB port supply, program the SETH charge rate according to the highest charging current capacity of the two possible sources, providing that neither supply exceeds 1 A. A lower charge level may be set with the SETL charge rate and selection of the higher or lower charge rate is controlled via the PWRSEL function. If the programmed charge rate is greater than the current source capacity, there is little danger of system failure because the AAT3685 charge reduction loop will activate to automatically reduce the charging current and maintain a supply voltage set by the CHR threshold. If the input supply is incapable of maintaining an input voltage greater than the under-voltage lockout level of the AAT3685, the charge control will suspend charging until the source supply is capable of supplying the minimum input current to charge. At this point, the AAT3685 will automatically resume charging in the appropriate mode based on the battery cell voltage. In case of an over-temperature condition with a high charge current and large input-to-battery voltage difference, the device will cycle from charging to thermal shutdown and re-charge after temperature drops sufficiently, until the battery is charged to 4.2 V. Enable/Disable The AAT3685 provides an enable function to control the charger IC on and off. The enable (EN) pin is an active high. When pulled to a logic low level, the AAT3685 will be shut down and forced into the sleep state. Charging will be halted regardless of the battery voltage or charging state. When the device is reenabled, the charge control circuit will automatically reset and resume charging functions with the appropriate charging mode based on the battery charge state and measured cell voltage. Programming Charge Current The fast charge constant current charge level for the ADP/USB input is programmed with set resistors placed between the SETH and SETL pins and ground. The accuracy of the fast charge, as well as the preconditioning trickle charge current, is dominated by the tolerance of the set resistors used. For this reason, 1% tolerance metal film resistors are recommended for programming the desired constant current level. 10000 1000 SETL 100 SETH tc430 Most USB charging applications limit charging current to 500 mA due to the limitations of a USB port as a power source. The AAT3685 is capable of, and may be programmed for, constant current charge levels up to 1 A. Thus, charging operation is not just restricted to use with USB port supplies. Any power source may be used within the operating voltage limits as specified in the Electrical Characteristics section of this datasheet. This makes the AAT3685 perfect for applications that only have one input path, but may access either a line adapter source or a USB port supply. The fast charge constant current charge control provides for two current set levels, SETH and SETL. The PWRSEL pin is used to select the high or low charge current levels. When the PWRSEL pin is pulled to a voltage level above the VPWRSEL(H) threshold, the SETH current level will be selected. Conversely, this pin should be pulled below the VPWRSEL(L) to enable the SETL charge level. These two charge levels may be set to any level between 50 mA and 1 A, depending upon the system design requirements for a given charge application. Refer to Table 6 and Figure 26 for recommended RSETH and RSETL values. IFASTCHARGE (mA) Single Path Charging from a Line Adapter or USB Source 10 1 10 100 RSET (k ) Figure 26. IFASTCHARGE vs RSET Protection Circuitry Over-Voltage Protection An over-voltage event is defined as a condition where the voltage on the BAT pin exceeds the maximum battery charge voltage and is set by the over-voltage protection threshold (VOVP). If an over-voltage condition occurs, the AAT3685 charge control will shut down the device until voltage on the BAT pin drops below the over-voltage protection threshold (VOVP). The AAT3685 will resume normal charging operation after the overvoltage condition is removed. During an over-voltage event, the STAT LEDs will report a system fault; the actual fault condition may also be read via the DATA pin signal. Over-Temperature Shutdown The AAT3685 has a thermal protection control circuit which will shut down charging functions should the internal die temperature exceed the preset thermal limit threshold. Battery Temperature Fault Monitoring As shown in Figure 27, in the event of a battery over-temperature condition, the charge control will turn off the internal pass device and report a battery temperature fault on the DATA pin function. The STAT LEDs will also display a Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 14 1000 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Battery Charge Status Indication system fault. After the system recovers from a temperature fault, the device will resume charging operation. The AAT3685 checks battery temperature before starting the charge cycle, as well as during all stages of charging. This is accomplished by monitoring the voltage at the TS pin. This system is intended for use negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors which are typically integrated into the battery package. Most commonly used NTC thermistors used in battery packs are approximately 10 k at room temperature (25 C). The TS pin has been specifically designed to source 80 A of current to the thermistor. The voltage on the TS pin that results from the resistive load should stay within a window from 335 mV to 2.32 V. If the battery becomes too hot during charging due to an internal fault, the thermistor will heat up and reduce in value, thus pulling the TS pin voltage lower than the TS1 threshold, and the AAT3685 will halt charging and signal the fault condition. If the use of the TS pin function is not required by the system, it should be terminated to ground using a 10 k resistor. Alternatively, on the AAT3685-1, the TS pin may be left open. VS AAT3685 The AAT3685 indicates the status of the battery under charge with two different systems. First, the device has two status LED driver outputs. These two LEDs can indicate simple functions such as no battery charge activity, battery charging, charge complete, and charge fault. The AAT3685 also provides a bi-directional data reporting function so that a system microcontroller may interrogate the DATA pin and read any one of 14 system states. Status Indicator Display Simple system charging status may be displayed using one or two LEDs in conjunction with the STAT1 and STAT2 pins on the AAT3685. These two pins are simple switches to connect the display LED cathodes to ground. It is not necessary to use both display LEDs if a user simply wants to have a single lamp to show "charging" or "not charging." This can be accomplished by just using the STAT1 pin and a single LED. Using two LEDs and both STAT pins simply gives the user more information for charging states. Refer to Table 7 for LED display definitions. Table 7. LED Display Status Conditions Event Description RHI VREF2: 2.3 V TS TS COLD (TS2) Battery Cold Fault + - Battery Pack T RLO TS HOT (TS1) Battery Hot Fault - tc455 Figure 27. Battery Temperature Sensing Operation RLO 1 1 VS RCOLD RHOT VCOLD VHOT V V RHOT S 1 RCOLD IN 1 VHOT VCOLD VS RHI STAT2 Charge disabled or low supply Off Off Charge enabled without battery Flash 1 Flash 1 Battery charging On Off Charge completed Off On Fault On On + VREF1: 0.33 V STAT1 1 VCOLD 1 1 RLO RCOLD The LED anodes should be connected to VADP/USB. The LEDs should be biased with as little current as necessary to create reasonable illumination; therefore, a ballast resistor should be placed between each of the LED cathodes and the STAT1/2 pins. LED current consumption will add to the over-thermal power budget for the device package, hence it is recommended to keep the LED drive current to a minimum. 2mA should be sufficient to drive most low-cost green, red, or multi-color LEDs. It is not recommended to exceed 8 mA for driving an individual status LED. The required ballast resistor value can be estimated using the following formulas: RB(STAT1/2) Where, VHOT = 0.33 V VCOLD= 2.3 V VS = supply voltage RHOT = NTC resistance at high temperature RCOLD = NTC resistance at low temperature V ADP / USB VF ( LED ) I LED( STAT1 / 2 ) Example: RB(STAT1) 5.0V 2.0V 1.5 k 2 mA Note: Red LED forward voltage (VF) is typically 2.0 V @ 2 mA. Table 7 shows the status LED display conditions. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 15 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Digital Charge Status Reporting The AAT3685 has a comprehensive digital data reporting system by use of the DATA pin feature. This function can provide detailed information regarding the state of the charging system. The DATA pin is a bi-directional port which will read back a series of data pulses when the system microcontroller asserts a request pulse. This single strobe request protocol will invoke one of 14 possible return pulse counts in which the microcontroller can look up based on the serial report shown in Table 8. The DATA pin function is active low and should normally be pulled high to VADP/USB. This data line may also be pulled high to the same level as the high state for the logic I/O port on the system microcontroller. In order for the DATA pin control circuit to generate clean sharp edges for the data output and to maintain the integrity of the data timing for the system, the pullup resistor on the data line should be low enough in value so that the DATA signal returns to the high state without delay. If the value of the pull-up resistor used is too high, the strobe pulse from the system microcontroller may exceed the maximum pulse time and the DATA output control could issue false status reports. A 1.5 k resistor is recommended when pulling the DATA pin high to 5.0 V at the VUSB input. If the data line is pulled high to a voltage level less than 5.0 V, the pull-up resistor may be calculated based on a recommended minimum pull-up current of 3 mA. Use the following formula: RPULL-UP V PULL-UP 3 mA Data Timing The system microcontroller should assert an active low data request pulse for minimum duration of 200ns; this is specified by tLO(DATA). Upon sensing the rising edge of the end of the data request pulse, the AAT3685 status data control will reply the data word back to the system microcontroller after a delay specified by the data report time specification tDATA(RPT). The period of the following group of data pulses will be specified by the tDATA specification. Table 8. Serial Data Report Table N DATA Report Status 1 Chip over-temperature shutdown 2 Battery temperature fault 3 Over-voltage turn off 4 Not used 5 Not used 6 Not used 7 Not used 8 Not used 9 Not used 10 Not used 11 Not used 12 Not used 13 SETH battery condition mode 14 SETH charge reduction in constant current mode 15 SETH constant current mode 16 SETH constant voltage mode 17 SETH end of charging 18 SETL battery condition mode 19 SETL charge end of charging reduction in constant current mode 20 SETL constant current mode 21 SETL constant voltage mode 22 SETL end of charging 23 Data report error 1.8 V to 5.0 V IN AAT3685 Status Control OUT RPULL-UP IN DATA Pin GPIO OUT Figures 28 and 29 depict the data pin application circuit and the timing diagram. P GPIO Port tc431 Figure 28. Data Pin Application Circuit Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 16 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER SQPULSE SQ PDATA System Reset System Start CK Data tOFF tLAT tSYNC tDATA(RPT) = tSYNC + tLAT < 2.5PDATA tOFF > 2PDATA N=1 N=2 N=3 tc432 Figure 29. Timing Diagram Thermal Considerations The AAT3685 is packaged in a Pb-free, 3 3 mm TDFN package which can provide up to 2.0 W of power dissipation when it is properly bonded to a printed circuit board and has a maximum thermal resistance of 50 C/W. Many considerations should be taken into account when designing the printed circuit board layout, as well as the placement of the charger IC package in proximity to other heat generating devices in a given application design. The ambient temperature around the charger IC will also have an effect on the thermal limits of a battery charging application. The maximum limits that can be expected for a given ambient condition can be estimated by the following discussion. First, the maximum power dissipation for a given situation should be calculated: PD VIN VBAT I CC VIN I OP (1) PD = total power dissipation by the device VIN = input voltage level, VADP/USB VBAT = battery voltage as seen at the bat pin ICC = maximum constant fast charge current programmed for the application IOP = quiescent current consumed by the charger IC for normal operation. Next, the maximum operating ambient temperature for a given application can be estimated based on the thermal resistance of the 3 3 mm TDFN package when sufficiently mounted to a PCB layout and the internal thermal loop temperature threshold. (2) Where: TA = ambient temperature (C) TJ = maximum device junction temperature protected by the thermal limit control (C) PD = total power dissipation by the device (W) JA = package thermal resistance (C/W) Given: VUSB = 5.0 V VBAT = 3.0 V ICC = 500 mA IOP = 0.75 mA TJ = 140 C JA = 50 C/W Using Equation 1, calculate the device power dissipation for the stated condition: PD 5.0V 3.0V 500 mA 5.0V 0.75 mA 1.00375 W Where: TA TJ JA PD Example: For an application where the fast charge current is set to 500 mA, VUSB = 5.0 V and the worst case battery voltage at 3.0 V, what is the maximum ambient temperature at which the thermal limiting will become active? The maximum ambient temperature before the AAT3685 thermal limit protection will shut down charging can now be calculated using Equation 2: TA 140C 50C / W 1.00375 W 89.91C Therefore, under the stated conditions for this worst case power dissipation example, the AAT3685 will suspend charging operations when the ambient operating temperature rises above 89.81 C. Capacitor Selection Input Capacitor In general, it is good design practice to place a decoupling capacitor between the ADP/USB pin and ground. An input capacitor in the range of 1 F to 22 F is recommended. If the source supply is unregulated, it may be necessary to increase the capacitance to keep the input voltage above the under-voltage lockout threshold during device enable and when battery charging is initiated. If the AAT3685 input is to be used in a system with an external power supply source rather than a USB port VBUS, such as a Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 17 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER dissipation of the AAT3685 3 3 mm TDFN package, the metal substrate should be solder bonded to the board. It is also recommended to maximize the substrate contact to the PCB ground plane layer to further increase local heat dissipation. Refer to the AAT3685 evaluation board information for a good layout example. typical AC-to-DC wall adapter, then a CIN capacitor in the range of 10 F should be used. A larger input capacitor in this application will minimize switching or power bounce effects when the power supply is "hot plugged" in. Likewise, a 10 F or greater input capacitor is recommended for the USB input to help buffer the effects of USB source power switching noise and input cable impedance. Evaluation Board Description Output Capacitor The AAT3685 Evaluation Board is used to test the performance of the AAT3685. An Evaluation Board schematic diagram is provided in Figure 30. Layer details for the Evaluation Board are shown in Figure 31. The Evaluation Board has additional components for easy evaluation; the actual bill of materials required for the system is shown in Table 9. The AAT3685 only requires a 1 F ceramic capacitor on the BAT pin to maintain circuit stability. This value should be increased to 10 F or more if the battery connection is made any distance from the charger output. If the AAT3685 is to be used in applications where the battery can be removed from the charger, such as in the case of desktop charging cradles, an output capacitor greater than 10 F may be required to prevent the device from cycling on and off when no battery is present. Package Information Package dimensions for the 10-pin TDFN package are shown in Figure 32. Tape & reel dimensions are shown in Figure 33. Printed Circuit Board Layout Considerations For the best results, it is recommended to physically place the battery pack as close as possible to the AAT3685 BAT pin. To minimize voltage drops on the PCB, keep the high current carrying traces adequately wide. For maximum power ON/OFF PWRSEL J1 J2 1 2 3 Mini-B 1 2 3 5 4 3 2 1 GND ID D+ DADP/USB 1 2 R3 Open R2 Open U1 AAT3685 PWRSEL 10 1 ADP/USB 5 EN TB2 BAT TS GND LO GRN LED D2 C2 10 F TB1 ADP/USB GND HI 2 1 2 3 STAT2 STAT1 BAT DATA 4 C1 10 F SETL CHR SETH 6 R4 10 k R1 Open TS R5 1.5 k R6 1.5 k R9 1.5 k 8 9 7 DATA 11 12 GND 3 RED LED D1 TDFN33-12 R8 8.06 k R7 40.2 k SW1 tc433 Figure 30. AAT3685 Evaluation Board Schematic Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 18 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER (a) Component Side layout (b) Solder Side Layout tc434 Figure 31. AAT3685 Evaluation Board Layer Details Table 9. AAT3685 Evaluation Board Bill of Materials Component DATA Part Number 6821-0-0001-00-00-08-0 Description Test pin Footprint PAD Manufacturer Mill-Max USB, GND 277-1274-ND Connecting terminal block, 2.54 mm, 2 Pos TBLOK2 Phoenix Contact BAT, GND, TS 277-1273-ND Connecting terminal block, 2.54 mm, 3 Pos TBLOK3 Phoenix Contact USB H2959CT-ND USB 2.0 receptacle, 5 Pos USB-MINI-B Hirose Electronic Co. Ltd. C1, C2 490-1717-1-ND Capacitor, ceramic, 10 F, 6.3 V, 10% X5R 0805 0805 Murata D1 CMD15-21SRC/TR8 Typical red led, super bright 1206LED Chicago Miniature Lamp D2 CMD15-21VGC/TR8 Typical green led 1206LED Chicago Miniature Lamp J1, J2 6821-0-0001-00-00-08-0 Header, 3-pin HEADER2MM-3 Sullins R4 P10KCFCT-ND Resistor, 10 k 1/16 W, 5% 0603 SMD 0603 Panasonic/ECG R5, R6, R9 P1.5KCGCT-ND Resistor, 1.5k 1/16 W, 1% 0603 SMD 0603 Panasonic/ECG R7 P40.2KHTR-ND Resistor, 40.2 k 1/16 W,1% 0603 SMD 0603 Panasonic/ECG R8 P8.06KHCT-ND Resistor, 8.06 k 1/16 W, 1% 0603 SMD 0603 Panasonic/ECG SW1 CKN9012-ND Switch tact 6 mm SPST H = 5.0 mm SWITCH ITT Industries/ C&K Div. U1 AAT3685IWP AAT3685 lithium-Ion/polymer battery charger TDFN33-12 Skyworks Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 19 DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Detail "A" 0.1 REF 2.40 0.05 3.00 0.05 0.43 0.05 C0.3 0.45 0.05 Index Area 1.70 0.05 Top View Bottom View Detail "A" 0.23 0.05 0.75 0.05 3.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.23 0.05 Pin 1 Indicator (optional) Side View tc435 Figure 32. AAT3685 12-pin TDFN Package Dimensions 4.00 0.10 2.00 0.05 1.00 0.05 1.50 0.10 3.50 0.05 8.10 0.20 1.75 0.10 2.40 0.05 0.254 0.020 2.40 0.05 4.00 0.10 Pin 1 Location tc422 All dimensions are in millimeters. Figure 33. AAT3685 Tape and Reel Dimensions Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 20 September 23, 2014 * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * 201888C DATA SHEET * AAT3685 LI-ION/POLYMER BATTERY CHARGER Ordering Information Model Name AAT3685: li-ion/polymer battery charger Part Marking (Note 1) RNXYY Manufacturing Part Number (Note 2) AAT3685IWP-4.2-T1 Evaluation Board Part Number AAT3685IWP-4.2-EVB Note 1: XYY = assembly and date code. Note 2: Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD. Copyright (c) 2012, 2014 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information in this document is provided in connection with Skyworks Solutions, Inc. ("Skyworks") products or services. 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Skyworks Solutions, Inc. * Phone [781] 376-3000 * Fax [781] 376-3100 * sales@skyworksinc.com * www.skyworksinc.com 201888C * Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information * Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice * September 23, 2014 21