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TPS92690
www.ti.com
SLVSBK3A –DECEMBER 2012–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2015
Application Information (continued)
8.1.3 Output Capacitor
For boost, SEPIC, and flyback regulators, the output capacitor (CO) provides energy to the load when the
recirculating diode (D1) is reverse biased during the first switching subinterval. An output capacitor in a Cuk
topology simply reduces the LED current ripple (ΔiLED-PP) below the inductor current ripple (ΔiL-PP). In all cases,
COis sized to provide a desired ΔiLED-PP. As mentioned in Inductor,ΔiLED-PP is recommended by manufacturers to
be <40% of the average LED current (ILED).
COshould be carefully chosen to account for derating due to temperature and operating voltage. It must also
have the necessary RMS current rating. Ceramic capacitors are the best choice due to their high ripple current
rating, long lifetime, and good temperature performance. An X7R dielectric rating is suggested.
8.1.4 Input Capacitor
The input capacitor (CIN) only needs to provide the ripple current due to the direct connection to the inductor. CIN
is selected given the maximum input voltage ripple (ΔVIN-PP) which can be tolerated. ΔVIN-PP is suggested to be
less than 10% of the input voltage (VIN). An input capacitance at least 100% greater than the calculated CIN value
is recommended to account for derating due to temperature and operating voltage. When PWM dimming, even
more capacitance can be helpful to minimize the large current draw from the input voltage source during the
rising transition of the LED current waveform.
The chosen input capacitors must also have the necessary RMS current rating. Ceramic capacitors are again the
best choice due to their high ripple current rating, long lifetime, and good temperature performance. An X7R
dielectric rating is suggested.
For most applications, it is recommended to bypass the VIN pin with an 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor placed as close
as possible to the pin. In situations where the bulk input capacitance may be far from the TPS92690 device, a
10-Ωseries resistor can be placed between the bulk input capacitance and the bypass capacitor, creating a 150-
kHz filter to eliminate undesired high frequency noise.
8.1.5 MOSFET Selection
The TPS92690 device requires an external N-channel FET (Q1) as the main power MOSFET for the switching
regulator. Q1 is recommended to have a voltage rating at least 15% higher than the maximum transistor voltage
to ensure safe operation during the ringing of the switch node. In practice, all switching regulators have some
ringing at the switch node due to the diode parasitic capacitance and the lead inductance. The current rating is
recommended to be at least 10% higher than the average transistor current. The power rating is then verified by
calculating the power loss given the average transistor current and the N-channel FET on-resistance (RDS(on)).
In general, the N-channel FET should be chosen to minimize total gate charge (Qg) when ƒSW is high and
minimize RDS(on) otherwise. This minimizes the dominant power losses in the system. Frequently, higher current
N-channel FETs in larger packages are chosen for better thermal performance.
8.1.6 Recirculating Diode
A recirculating diode (D1) is required to carry the inductor current during tOFF. The most efficient choice for D1 is
a Schottky diode due to low forward voltage drop and near-zero reverse recovery time. Similar to Q1, D1 is
recommended to have a voltage rating at least 15% higher than the maximum transistor voltage to ensure safe
operation during the ringing of the switch node and a current rating at least 10% higher than the average diode
current. The power rating is verified by calculating the power loss through the diode. This is accomplished by
checking the typical diode forward voltage from the I-V curve on the product datasheet and multiplying by the
average diode current. In general, higher current diodes have a lower forward voltage and come in better
performing packages minimizing both power losses and temperature rise.
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