LM4702
LM4702 Audio Power Amplifier Series Stereo High Fidelity 200 Volt Driver
with Mute
Literature Number: SNAS328H
LM4702 Audio Power Amplifier Series
Stereo High Fidelity 200 Volt Driver with Mute
General Description
The LM4702 is a high fidelity audio power amplifier driver
designed for demanding consumer and pro-audio applica-
tions. Amplifier output power may be scaled by changing the
supply voltage and number of output devices. The LM4702
is capable of delivering in excess of 300 watts per channel
single ended into an 8 ohm load in the presence of 10% high
line headroom and 20% supply regulation.
The LM4702 includes thermal shut down circuitry that acti-
vates when the die temperature exceeds 150˚C. The
LM4702’s mute function, when activated, mutes the input
drive signal and forces the amplifier output to a quiescent
state.
The LM4702 is available in 3 grades that span a wide range
of applications and performance levels. The LM4702C is
targeted at high volume applications. The LM4702B includes
a higher voltage rating along with the tighter specifications.
The LM4702A* (in development) is the premium part with the
highest voltage rating, fully specified with limits over voltage
and temperature, and is offered in a military 883 compliant
TO-3 package.
*Tentative Max Operating voltage for the LM4702A (in de-
velopment)
Key Specifications
jWide operating voltage range
LM4702A* (in development) ±20V to ±100V
LM4702B ±20V to ±100V
LM4702C ±20V to ±75V
jEquivalent Noise 3µV
jPSRR 110dB (typ)
jTHD+N (A and B Grades) 0.0003%
Features
nVery high voltage operation
nScalable output power
nMinimum external components
nExternal compensation
nThermal Shutdown and Mute
Applications
nAV receivers
nAudiophile power amps
nPro Audio
nHigh voltage industrial applications
Typical Application and Connection Diagrams
20158319
FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit
20158302
Plastic Package 15 Lead TO-220
(for LM4702BTA, LM4702CTA)
20158320
Metal Can 15 Lead TO-3
(for LM4702A, in development)
Overture®is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
September 2006
LM4702 Stereo High Fidelity 200 Volt Driver with Mute
© 2006 National Semiconductor Corporation DS201583 www.national.com
Typical Application and Connection Diagrams (Continued)
20158319
FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit
LM4702
www.national.com 2
Connection Diagram
Plastic Package (For B and C) (Note 13)
20158301
Top View
Order Number LM4702BTA, LM4702CTA
See NS Package Number TA15A
LM4702
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1,
2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage |V
+
|+|V
-
|
C Part 200V
A, B Parts 200V
Differential Input Voltage +/-6V
Common Mode Input Range 0.4 Vee to 0.4 Vcc
Power Dissipation (Note 3) 4W
ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) 1.5kV
ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 200V
Junction Temperature (T
JMAX
) (Note 9) 150˚C
Soldering Information
T Package (10 seconds) 260˚C
Storage Temperature -40˚C to +150˚C
Thermal Resistance
θ
JA
30˚C/W
θ
JC
1˚C/W
Operating Ratings (Notes 1, 2)
Temperature Range
T
MIN
T
A
T
MAX
−20˚C T
A
+75˚C
Supply Voltage |V
+
|+|V
-
|
LM4702A (in development) +/-20V V
TOTAL
+/-100V
LM4702B +/-20V V
TOTAL
+/-100V
LM4702C +/-20V V
TOTAL
+/-75V
Electrical Characteristics (LM4702C) Vcc = +75V, Vee = 75V (Notes 1, 2)
The following specifications apply for I
MUTE
= 1.5mA, Figure 1, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T
A
= 25˚C.
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4702 Units
(Limits)
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Notes 7, 8)
I
CC
Total Quiescent Power Supply
Current V
CM
= 0V, V
O
= 0V, I
O
= 0A 25 30 mA (max)
THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion +
Noise
No load, A
V
= 30dB
V
OUT
= 14V
RMS
@1kHz 0.005 %
R
S
Input Bias Resistor 50 100 k(max)
Av Closed Loop Voltage Gain 26 dB (min)
Av open Open Loop Gain Vin = 1mVrms, f = 1KHz, C = 30pF 93 dB
Vom Output Voltage Swing THD = 0.05%, Freq = 20Hz to 20KHz 51 Vrms (min)
Vnoise Output Noise Rs = 10k, LPF = 30kHz, Av = 30dB
A-weighted
150 300 µV (max)
90 µV
I
OUT
Output Current Current from Source to Sink Pins 5.5 3
10
mA(min)
mA (max)
I
mute
Current into Mute Pin To put part in “play” mode 1.5 1
2
mA(min)
mA (max)
X
TALK
Channel Separation (Note 11) f = 1kHz @Av = 30dB 85 dB
SR Slew Rate V
IN
= 1.2V
P-P
, f = 10kHz square Wave,
Outputs shorted 15 V/µs
V
OS
Input Offset Voltage V
CM
= 0V, I
O
= 0mA 10 35 mV (max)
I
B
Input Bias Current V
CM
= 0V, I
O
= 0mA 500 nA
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio Rs = 1k, f = 100Hz,
Vripple = 1Vrms, Input Referred 110 95 dB (min)
Electrical Characteristics (LM4702C) Vcc = +50V, Vee = 50V (Notes 1, 2)
The following specifications apply for I
MUTE
= 1.5mA, Figure 1, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T
A
= 25˚C.
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4702 Units
(Limits)
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Notes 7, 8)
I
CC
Total Quiescent Power Supply
Current
V
CM
= 0V, V
O
= 0V, I
O
=0A 22 30 mA (max)
THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion +
Noise
No load, A
V
= 30dB
V
OUT
= 10V
RMS
@1kHz 0.005 %
LM4702
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Electrical Characteristics (LM4702C) Vcc = +50V, Vee = 50V (Notes 1,
2) (Continued)
The following specifications apply for I
MUTE
= 1.5mA, Figure 1, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T
A
= 25˚C.
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4702 Units
(Limits)
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Notes 7, 8)
R
S
Input Bias Resistor 50 100 k(max)
Av Closed Loop Voltage Gain 26 dB (min)
Av open Open Loop Gain Vin = 1mVrms, f = 1KHz, C = 30pF 93 dB
Vom Output Voltage Swing THD = 0.05%, Freq = 20Hz to 20KHz 33 Vrms (min)
Vnoise Output Noise Rs = 10k, LPF = 30kHz, Av = 30dB
A-weighted
150 300 µV (max)
90 µV
I
OUT
Output Current Outputs Shorted 5.2 3
10
mA(min)
mA (max)
I
mute
Current into Mute Pin To put part in “play” mode 1.5 1
2
mA(min)
mA (max)
X
TALK
Channel Separation (Note 11) f = 1kHz at Av = 30dB 85 dB
SR Slew Rate V
IN
= 1.2V
P-P
, f = 10kHz square Wave,
Outputs shorted 15 V/µs
V
OS
Input Offset Voltage V
CM
= 0V, I
O
= 0mA 10 35 mV (max)
I
B
Input Bias Current V
CM
= 0V, I
O
= 0mA 500 nA
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio Rs = 1k, f = 100Hz,
Vripple = 1Vrms, Input Referred 110 95 dB (min)
Electrical Characteristics (LM4702B) Vcc = +100V, Vee = 100V (Notes 1, 2)
The following specifications apply for I
MUTE
= 1.5mA, Figure 1, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T
A
= 25˚C.
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4702 Units
(Limits)
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Notes 7, 8)
I
CC
Total Quiescent Power Supply
Current V
CM
= 0V, V
O
= 0V, I
O
= 0A 27 35 mA (max)
THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion +
Noise
No load, A
V
= 30dB
V
OUT
= 20V
RMS
@1kHz 0.0003 0.001 % (max)
R
S
Input Bias Resistor 50 100 k(max)
Av Closed Loop Voltage Gain 26 dB (min)
Av open Open Loop Gain Vin = 1mVrms, f = 1KHz, C = 30pF 93 dB
Vom Output Voltage Swing THD = 0.05%, Freq = 20Hz to 20KHz 67 Vrms (min)
Vnoise Output Noise Rs = 10k, LPF = 30kHz, Av = 30dB
A-weighted
150 300 µV (max)
90
I
OUT
Output Current Outputs Shorted 5.5 3
8
mA(min)
mA (max)
I
mute
Current into Mute Pin To put part in “play” mode 1.5 1
2
mA(min)
mA (max)
X
TALK
Channel Separation (Note 11) f = 1kHz at Av = 30dB 87 85 dB (min)
SR Slew Rate V
IN
= 1.2V
P-P
, f = 10kHz square Wave,
Outputs shorted 17 15 V/µs (min)
V
OS
Input Offset Voltage V
CM
= 0V, I
O
= 0mA 14 40 mV (max)
I
B
Input Bias Current V
CM
= 0V, I
O
= 0mA 200 nA (max)
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio Rs = 1k, f = 100Hz,
Vripple = 1Vrms, Input Referred 110 100 dB (min)
LM4702
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Electrical Characteristics (LM4702A) Vcc = +100V, Vee = 100V
(Pre-release information) (Notes 1, 2)
The following specifications apply for I
MUTE
= 1.5mA, Figure 1, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T
A
= 25˚C.
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4702 Units
(Limits)
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Notes 7, 8)
I
CC
Total Quiescent Power Supply
Current V
CM
= 0V, V
O
= 0V, I
O
= 0A 27 TBD mA (max)
THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion +
Noise
No load, A
V
= 30dB
V
OUT
= 20V
RMS
f = 1kHz 0.001 TBD
% (max)f = 10kHz TBD TBD
f = 100Hz TBD TBD
R
S
Input Bias Resistor 50 TBD k(max)
Av Closed Loop Voltage Gain TBD dB (min)
Av open Open Loop Gain Vin = 1mVrms, f = 1KHz, C = 30pF 93 dB
Vom Output Voltage Swing THD = 0.05%, Freq = 20Hz to 20KHz 57 TBD Vrms (min)
Vnoise Output Noise Rs = 10k, LPF = 30kHz, Av = 30dB
A-weighted
100
80
TBD
TBD µV (max)
I
OUT
Output Current Outputs Shorted 5.5 TBD
TBD
mA(min)
mA (max)
I
mute
Current into Mute Pin To put part in “play” mode 1.5 TBD
TBD
mA(min)
mA (max)
X
TALK
Channel Separation (Note 11)
Av = 30dB
f = 1kHz 90 TBD
dB (min)f = 10kHz TBD TBD
f = 100Hz TBD TBD
SR Slew Rate V
IN
= 1.2V
P-P
, f = 10kHz square Wave,
Outputs shorted TBD TBD V/µs (min)
V
OS
Input Offset Voltage V
CM
= 0V, I
O
= 0mA 5 TBD mV (max)
I
B
Input Bias Current V
CM
= 0V, I
O
= 0mA 150 TBD nA (max)
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio Rs = 1k, f = 100Hz,
Vripple = 1Vrms, Input Referred 110 TBD dB (min)
IMD Intermodulation Distortion at 20kHz / 19kHz
at 60Hz / 7kHz TBD TBD dB
Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pins, unless otherwise specified.
Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test condition which
guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit
is given. However, the typical value is a good indication of device’s performance.
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be de-rated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX,θJC, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum
allowable power dissipation is PDMAX =(T
JMAX -TA)/θJC or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4702, TJMAX = 150˚C
and the typical θJC is 1˚C/W. Refer to the Thermal Considerations section for more information.
Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kresistor.
Note 5: Machine Model: a 220pF - 240pF discharged through all pins.
Note 6: Typical specifications are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm.
Note 7: Tested limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 8: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.
Note 9: The maximum operating junction temperature is 150˚C.
Note 10: PCB layout will affect cross talk. It is recommended that input and output traces be separated by as much distance as possible. Return ground traces from
outputs should be independent back to a single ground point and use as wide of traces as possible.
Note 11: The TA15A is a non-isolated package. The package’s metal back and any heat sink to which it is mounted are connected to the Vee potential when using
only thermal compound. If a mica washer is used in addition to thermal compound, θCS (case to sink) is increased, but the heat sink will be electrically isolated from
Vee.
LM4702
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Typical Performance Characteristics for LM4702C
THD+N vs Output Voltage
V
DD
=±50V, f = 1kHz, outputs shorted
THD+N vs Output Voltage
V
DD
=±75V, f = 1kHz, outputs shorted
20158308 20158338
THD+N vs Frequency
V
DD
=±50V, V
OUT
= 10Vrms, outputs shorted
THD+N vs Frequency
V
DD
=±75V, V
OUT
= 14Vrms, outputs shorted
20158310 20158339
Crosstalk vs Frequency
V
DD
=±50V
Crosstalk vs Frequency
V
DD
=±75V
20158335 20158336
LM4702
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Typical Performance Characteristics for LM4702C (Continued)
+PSRR vs Frequency
V
DD
=±50V, R
S
=1k, Ripple on V
CC
−PSRR vs Frequency
V
DD
=±50V, R
S
=1k, Ripple on V
ee
20158331 20158333
+PSRR vs Frequency
V
DD
=±75V, R
S
=1k, Ripple on V
CC
−PSRR vs Frequency
V
DD
=±75V, R
S
=1k, Ripple on V
ee
20158332 20158334
Open Loop and Phase
Upper-Phase, Lower-Gain
20158337
LM4702
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Typical Performance Characteristics for LM4702B
THD+N vs Output Voltage
V
DD
= 100V
THD+N vs Frequency
V
DD
= 100V, V
OUT
= 30V
RMS
20158341 20158340
PSRR vs Frequency
V
DD
= 100V
X
TALK
vs Frequency
B grade Demo Amp @V
DD
= 50V
20158343 20158342
LM4702
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Test Circuit
20158303
FIGURE 1.
LM4702
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Application Information
MUTE FUNCTION
The mute function of the LM4702 is controlled by the amount
of current that flows into the mute pin. If there is less than
1mA of current flowing into the mute pin, the part will be in
mute. This can be achieved by shorting the mute pin to
ground or by floating the mute pin. If there is between 1mA
and 2mA of current flowing into the mute pin, the part will be
in “play” mode. This can be done by connecting a power
supply (Vmute) to the mute pin through a resistor (Rm). The
current into the mute pin can be determined by the equation
Imute = (Vmute 2.9) / Rm. For example, if a 5V power
supply is connected through a 1.4k resistor to the mute pin,
then the mute current will be 1.5mA, at the center of the
specified range. It is also possible to use Vcc as the power
supply for the mute pin, though Rm will have to be recalcu-
lated accordingly. It is not recommended to flow more than
2mA of current into the mute pin because damage to the
LM4702 may occur.
It is highly recommended to switch between mute and “play”
modes rapidly. This is accomplished most easily through
using a toggle switch that alternatively connects the mute pin
through a resistor to either ground or the mute pin power
supply. Slowly increasing the mute current may result in
undesired voltages on the outputs of the LM4702, which can
damage an attached speaker.
THERMAL PROTECTION
The LM4702 has a sophisticated thermal protection scheme
to prevent long-term thermal stress of the device. When the
temperature on the die exceeds 150˚C, the LM4702 shuts
down. It starts operating again when the die temperature
drops to about 145˚C, but if the temperature again begins to
rise, shutdown will occur again above 150˚C. Therefore, the
device is allowed to heat up to a relatively high temperature
if the fault condition is temporary, but a sustained fault will
cause the device to cycle in a Schmitt Trigger fashion be-
tween the thermal shutdown temperature limits of 150˚C and
145˚C. This greatly reduces the stress imposed on the IC by
thermal cycling, which in turn improves its reliability under
sustained fault conditions.
Since the die temperature is directly dependent upon the
heat sink used, the heat sink should be chosen so that
thermal shutdown is not activated during normal operation.
Using the best heat sink possible within the cost and space
constraints of the system will improve the long-term reliability
of any power semiconductor device, as discussed in the
Determining the Correct Heat Sink section.
POWER DISSIPATION AND HEAT SINKING
When in “play” mode, the LM4702 draws a constant amount
of current, regardless of the input signal amplitude. Conse-
quently, the power dissipation is constant for a given supply
voltage and can be computed with the equation P
DMAX
= Icc
* (Vcc Vee). For a quick calculation of P
DMAX
, approximate
the current to be 25mA and multiply it by the total supply
voltage (the current varies slightly from this value over the
operating range).
DETERMINING THE CORRECT HEAT SINK
The choice of a heat sink for a high-power audio amplifier is
made entirely to keep the die temperature at a level such
that the thermal protection circuitry is not activated under
normal circumstances.
The thermal resistance from the die to the outside air, θ
JA
(junction to ambient), is a combination of three thermal re-
sistances, θ
JC
(junction to case), θ
CS
(case to sink), and θ
SA
(sink to ambient). The thermal resistance, θ
JC
(junction to
case), of the LM4702T is 0.8˚C/W. Using Thermalloy Ther-
macote thermal compound, the thermal resistance, θ
CS
(case to sink), is about 0.2˚C/W. Since convection heat flow
(power dissipation) is analogous to current flow, thermal
resistance is analogous to electrical resistance, and tem-
perature drops are analogous to voltage drops, the power
dissipation out of the LM4702 is equal to the following:
P
DMAX
=(T
JMAX
−T
AMB
)/θ
JA
(1)
where T
JMAX
= 150˚C, T
AMB
is the system ambient tempera-
ture and θ
JA
=θ
JC
+θ
CS
+θ
SA
.
20158355
Once the maximum package power dissipation has been
calculated using equation 2, the maximum thermal resis-
tance, θ
SA
, (heat sink to ambient) in ˚C/W for a heat sink can
be calculated. This calculation is made using equation 4
which is derived by solving for θ
SA
in equation 3.
θ
SA
= [(T
JMAX
−T
AMB
)−P
DMAX
(θ
JC
+θ
CS
)]/P
DMAX
(2)
Again it must be noted that the value of θ
SA
is dependent
upon the system designer’s amplifier requirements. If the
ambient temperature that the audio amplifier is to be working
under is higher than 25˚C, then the thermal resistance for the
heat sink, given all other things are equal, will need to be
smaller.
PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
Proper selection of external components is required to meet
the design targets of an application. The choice of external
component values that will affect gain and low frequency
response are discussed below.
The gain of each amplifier is set by resistors R
f
and R
i
for the
non-inverting configuration shown in Figure 1. The gain is
found by Equation (3) below:
A
V
=1+R
f
/R
i
(V/V) (3)
For best noise performance, lower values of resistors are
used. A value of 1kis commonly used for R
i
and then
setting the value of R
f
for the desired gain. For the LM4702
the gain should be set no lower than 26dB. Gain settings
below 26dB may experience instability.
The combination of R
i
with C
i
(see Figure 1) creates a high
pass filter. The low frequency response is determined by
these two components. The -3dB point can be found from
Equation (4) shown below:
f
i
=1/(2πR
i
C
i
) (Hz) (4)
If an input coupling capacitor is used to block DC from the
inputs as shown in Figure 5, there will be another high pass
filter created with the combination of C
IN
and R
IN
. When
using a input coupling capacitor R
IN
is needed to set the DC
LM4702
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Application Information (Continued)
bias point on the amplifier’s input terminal. The resulting
-3dB frequency response due to the combination of C
IN
and
R
IN
can be found from Equation (5) shown below:
f
IN
=1/(2πR
IN
C
IN
) (Hz) (5)
With large values of R
IN
oscillations may be observed on the
outputs when the inputs are left floating. Decreasing the
value of R
IN
or not letting the inputs float will remove the
oscillations. If the value of R
IN
is decreased then the value of
C
IN
will need to increase in order to maintain the same -3dB
frequency response.
AVOIDING THERMAL RUNAWAY WHEN USING
BIPOLAR OUTPUT STAGES
When using a bipolar output stage with the LM4702 (as in
Figure 1), the designer must beware of thermal runaway.
Thermal runaway is a result of the temperature dependence
of Vbe (an inherent property of the transistor). As tempera-
ture increases, Vbe decreases. In practice, current flowing
through a bipolar transistor heats up the transistor, which
lowers the Vbe. This in turn increases the current again, and
the cycle repeats. If the system is not designed properly, this
positive feedback mechanism can destroy the bipolar tran-
sistors used in the output stage.
One of the recommended methods of preventing thermal
runaway is to use a heat sink on the bipolar output transis-
tors. This will keep the temperature of the transistors lower.
A second recommended method is to use emitter degenera-
tion resistors (see Re1, Re2, Re3, Re4 in Figure 1). As
current increases, the voltage across the emitter degenera-
tion resistor also increases, which decreases the voltage
across the base and emitter. This mechanism helps to limit
the current and counteracts thermal runaway.
A third recommended method is to use a “Vbe multiplier” to
bias the bipolar output stage (see Figure 1). The Vbe multi-
plier consists of a bipolar transistor (Qmult, see Figure 1)
and two resistors, one from the base to the collector (Rb2,
Rb4, see Figure 1) and one from the base to the emitter
(Rb1, Rb3, see Figure 1). The voltage from the collector to
the emitter (also the bias voltage of the output stage) is
Vbias = Vbe(1+Rb2/Rb1), which is why this circuit is called
the Vbe multiplier. When Vbe multiplier transistor (Qmult,
see Figure 1) is mounted to the same heat sink as the bipolar
output transistors, its temperature will track that of the output
transistors. Its Vbe is dependent upon temperature as well,
and so it will draw more current as the output transistors heat
it up. This will limit the base current into the output transis-
tors, which counteracts thermal runaway.
LM4702
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LM4702 Demo Board Artwork
Top Overlay
20158330
Top Layer
20158329
LM4702
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LM4702 Demo Board Artwork (Continued)
Bottom Layer
20158328
LM4702
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Revision History
Rev Date Description
1.0 8/31/05 Initial WEB.
1.1 9/09/05 Taken out Limits on Vom (under the
+75V and +50V).
1.2 9/14/05 Changed TM to R ( Overture R) in the
doc title.
1.3 03/08/06 Text edits.
1.4 04/26/04 Edited Limit values on the LM4702B spec
table.
1.5 08/09/06 Released the D/S to the WEB with the
LM4702B data.
1.6 09/19/06 Removed the “Overture R” from the
document title, then released the D/S to
the WEB
LM4702
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
Non-Isolated TO-220 15-Lead Package
Order Number LM4702BTA, LM4702CTA
NS Package Number TA15A
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves
the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.
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properly used in accordance with instructions for use
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in a significant injury to the user.
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device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably
expected to cause the failure of the life support device or
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LM4702 Stereo High Fidelity 200 Volt Driver with Mute
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