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/NEOFTHESETHREEINPUTSISSELECTEDBYANINTERNALMUXSETBY
WRITINGTO"ITSANDIN#ONTROL2EGISTER$EFAULTISWHICH
SELECTS3$!4!4HESERIALFORMATISSELECTEDBYWRITINGTO"ITSn
OF#ONTROL2EGISTER3EE30)2EAD7RITE$ATA&ORMATSSECTION
FORRECOMMENDATIONSONHOWTOCHANGEINPUTSOURCESWITHOUT
CAUSINGACLICKORPOPNOISE
,2#,+,2#,+,2#,+
,EFT2IGHT#LOCKSFOR&RAMINGTHE
)NPUT$ATA
4HEACTIVE,2#,+INPUTISSELECTEDBYWRITINGTO"ITSAND
IN#ONTROL2EGISTER4HEDEFAULTISWHICHSELECTS,2#,+
4HEINTERPRETATIONOFTHE,2#,+CHANGESACCORDINGTOTHESERIAL
MODESETBYWRITINGTO#ONTROL2EGISTER
"#,+"#,+"#,+
3ERIAL"IT#LOCKSFOR#LOCKINGINTHE
3ERIAL$ATA
4HEACTIVE"#,+INPUTISSELECTEDBYWRITINGTO"ITSANDIN
#ONTROL2EGISTER$EFAULTISWHICHSELECTS"#,+4HE
INTERPRETATIONOF"#,+CHANGESACCORDINGTOTHESERIALMODE
WHICHISSETBYWRITINGTO#ONTROL2EGISTER
,2#,+/54"#,+/543$!4!/54
/UTPUTOF-UXTHAT
3ELECTS/NEOFTHE4HREE3ERIAL)NPUT'ROUPS
4HESEPINSMAYBEUSEDTOSENDTHESELECTEDSERIALINPUTSIGNALS
TOOTHEREXTERNALDEVICES4HISOUTPUTPINISENABLEDBYWRITINGA
TO"ITOF#ONTROL2EGISTER4HEDEFAULTMODEISOR/FF
-#,+-#,+-#,+
-ASTER#LOCK)NPUTS
!CTIVEINPUTSELECTEDBYWRITINGTO"ITSANDOF#ONTROL2EGIS
TER4HEDEFAULTISWHICHSELECTS-#,+4HEMASTERCLOCK
FREQUENCYMUSTBEEITHER
F
3
FF
OR
F
3
FF
WHEREF
3
FF
ISTHEINPUT
SAMPLINGRATE4HEMASTERCLOCKFREQUENCYISPROGRAMMEDBY
WRITINGTO"ITOF#ONTROL2EGISTER4HEDEFAULTIS
F
3
F
F

3EETHE)NITIALIZATIONSECTIONFORRECOMMENDATIONSCONCERNING
HOWTOCHANGECLOCKSOURCESWITHOUTCAUSINGANAUDIOCLICKORPOP
.OTETHATSINCETHEDEFAULT-#,+SOURCEPINIS-#,+THERE
MUSTBEACLOCKSIGNALPRESENTONTHISPINONPOWERUPSOTHAT
THE!$CANCOMPLETEITSINITIALIZATIONROUTINE
-#,+/54
-ASTER#LOCK/UTPUT
4HEMASTERCLOCKOUTPUTPINMAYBEPROGRAMMEDTOPRODUCE
EITHER
F
3
F
F

F
3
F
F
ORACOPYOFTHESELECTED-#,+INPUT
PIN4HISPINISPROGRAMMEDBYWRITINGTO"ITSANDOF#ONTROL
2EGISTER4HEDEFAULTISWHICHDISABLESTHE-#,+/PIN
#$!4!
3ERIAL$ATA)NFORTHE30)#ONTROL0ORT
3EE30)0ORTSECTIONFORMOREINFORMATIONON30)PORTTIMING
#/54
3ERIAL$ATA/UTPUT
4HISISUSEDFORREADINGBACKREGISTERSANDMEMORYLOCATIONS)T
ISTHREESTATEDWHENAN30)READISNOTACTIVE3EE30)0ORTSECTION
FORMOREINFORMATIONON30)PORTTIMING
##,+
30)"IT2ATE#LOCK
+
+
4HISPINEITHERMAYRUNCONTINUOUSLYORBEGATEDOFFINBETWEEN
30)TRANSACTIONS3EE30)0ORTSECTIONFORMOREINFORMATIONON
30)PORTTIMING
#,!4#(
30),ATCH3IGNAL
)TMUSTGOLOWATTHEBEGINNINGOFAN30)TRANSACTIONANDHIGHATTHE
ENDOFATRANSACTION%ACH30)TRANSACTIONMAYTAKEADIFFERENT
NUMBEROF##,+STOCOMPLETEDEPENDINGONTHEADDRESSAND
READWRITEBITTHATARESENTATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHE30)TRANSACTION
$ETAILED30)TIMINGINFORMATIONISGIVENIN30)0ORTSECTION
2%3%4"
!CTIVE,OW2ESET3IGNAL
!FTER2%3%4"GOESHIGHTHE!$GOESTHROUGHANINITIAL
IZATIONSEQUENCEWHERETHEPROGRAMANDPARAMETER2!-SARE
INITIALIZEDWITHTHECONTENTSOFTHEONBOARDBOOT2/-S!LL
30)REGISTERSARESETTOANDTHEDATA2!-SAREALSOZEROED4HE
INITIALIZATIONISCOMPLETEAFTER-#,+CYCLES3INCETHE
-#,+).&2%13%,%#4"ITIN#ONTROL2EGISTERDEFAULTS
TO
F
3
F
F
ATPOWERUPTHISINITIALIZATIONWILLPROCEEDATTHE
EXTERNAL-#,+RATEANDWILLTAKE-#,+CYCLESTOCOM
PLETEREGARDLESSOFTHEABSOLUTEFREQUENCYOFTHEEXTERNAL-#,+
.EWVALUESSHOULDNOTBEWRITTENTOTHE30)PORTUNTILTHEINITIAL
IZATIONISCOMPLETE
:%2/&,!'
:ERO)NPUT)NDICATOR
4HISPINWILLGOHIGHIFBOTHSERIALINPUTSHAVEBEENINACTIVEZERO
DATAFOR,2#,+CYCLES4HISPINMAYBEUSEDTODRIVEAN
EXTERNALMUTE&%4FORREDUCEDNOISEDURINGDIGITALSILENCE4HIS
PINALSOFUNCTIONSASATESTOUTPINCONTROLLEDBYTHETESTREGISTER
AT30)!DDRESS7HILEMOST4EST-ODESARENOTUSEFULTOTHE
ENDUSERONEMAYBEOFSOMEUSE)FTHE4EST2EGISTERISPRO
GRAMMEDWITHTHENUMBERDECIMALTHE:%2/&,!'OUTPUT
WILLBESWITCHEDTOTHEOUTPUTOFTHEINTERNALPSEUDORANDOMNOISE
GENERATOR4HISNOISEGENERATOROPERATESATABITRATEOF
F
3
F
F
ANDHASAREPEATTIMEOFONCEPERCYCLES4HISMODEMAYBE
USEDTOGENERATEWHITENOISEORWITHAPPROPRIATElLTERINGPINK
NOISETOBEUSEDASATESTSIGNALFORMEASURINGSPEAKERSORROOM
ACOUSTICS
REV. B
!$
n
n
$#3/54
$ATA#APTURE3ERIAL/UT
4HISPINWILLOUTPUTTHE$30SINTERNALSIGNALSWHICHCANBEUSED
BYEXTERNAL$!#SOROTHERSIGNALPROCESSINGDEVICES4HESIGNALS
THATARECAPTUREDANDOUTPUTONTHE$#3/54PINARECONTROLLED
BYWRITINGPROGRAMCOUNTERTRAPNUMBERSTO30)!DDRESSES
FORTHELEFTOUTPUTANDFORTHERIGHTOUTPUT7HENTHEINTER
NALPROGRAMCOUNTERCONTENTSAREEQUALTOTHETRAPVALUESWRITTEN
TOTHE30)PORTTHESELECTED$30REGISTERISTRANSFERREDTOTHE
$#3/54PARALLELTOSERIALREGISTERSANDSHIFTEDOUTONTHE
$#3/54PIN4ABLE88SHOWSTHEPROGRAMCOUNTERTRAPVALUES
ANDREGISTERSELECTVALUESTHATSHOULDBEUSEDTOTAPVARIOUSINTER
NALPOINTSOFTHEALGORITHMmOW
4HE$#3/54PINISMEANTTOBEUSEDINCONJUNCTIONWITHTHE
,2#,+AND"#,+SIGNALSTHATAREPROVIDEDTOTHESERIALINPUT
PORT4HEFORMATOF$#3/54ISTHESAMEASTHEFORMATUSED
FORTHESERIALPORT)NOTHERWORDSIFTHESERIALPORTISRUNNINGIN
)
3MODETHENTHE$#3/54PINTOGETHERWITHTHE,2#,+
AND"#,+PINSASSUMINGINPUTISSELECTEDWILLFORMAVALID
WIRE)
3OUTPUT
4HE$#3/54PINCANBEUSEDFORAVARIETYOFPURPOSES)FTHE
$#3/54PINISUSEDTODRIVEANOTHEREXTERNAL$!#THENA
SYSTEMISPOSSIBLEUSINGANEWPROGRAMDOWNLOADEDINTOTHE
PROGRAM2!-
$%%-03$!4!?!58
$EEMPHASIS)NPUT0IN!UXILIARY3ERIAL
8
8
$ATA)NPUT
)NDEEMPHASISMODEIFTHISPINISASSERTEDHIGHTHENADIGITAL
DEEMPHASISlLTERWILLBEINSERTEDINTOTHESIGNALmOW4HE
DEEMPHASISCURVEISVALIDONLYFORASAMPLERATEOFK(Z
CURVESFORK(ZANDK(ZMAYBEPROGRAMMEDUSINGTHE
30)PORT4HISPINCANALSOBEUSEDASANAUXILIARYCHANNELSERIAL
DATAINPUT4HISFUNCTIONISSETBYWRITINGATO"ITOF#ONTROL
2EGISTER4HESAMECLOCKSAREUSEDFORTHISSERIALINPUTASARE
USEDFORTHE3$!4!3$!4!AND3$!4!SIGNALS4HISSERIAL
INPUTCANONLYBEUSEDINTHESIGNALPROCESSINGmOWWHENUSING
!NALOG$EVICESCUSTOMPROGRAMMINGTOOLSSEETHE'RAPHICAL
#USTOM0ROGRAMMING4OOLSSECTION4HEUSEOFDEEMPHASISIS
STILLAVAILABLEWHILETHISPINISUSEDASASERIALINPUTBUTONLY
THROUGH30)CONTROL
-54%
-UTE/UTPUT3IGNAL
7HENTHISPINISASSERTEDHIGHARAMPSEQUENCEISSTARTEDWHICH
GRADUALLYREDUCESTHEVOLUMETOZERO7HENDEASSERTEDTHEVOLUME
RAMPSFROMZEROBACKTOTHEORIGINALVOLUMESETTING4HERAMP
SPEEDISTIMEDSOTHATITTAKESMSTOREACHVOLUMEWHENSTARTING
FROMTHEDEFAULTD"VOLUMESETTING
6/54,6/54,
,EFT#HANNEL$IFFERENTIAL!NALOG/UTPUTS
&ULLSCALEOUTPUTSCORRESPONDTO6RMSONEACHOUTPUTPINOR
6RMSDIFFERENTIALASSUMINGA62%&INPUTVOLTAGEOF6
4HEFULLSCALESWINGSCALESDIRECTLYWITH62%&4HESEOUTPUTSARE
CAPABLEOFDRIVINGALOADOFK
6
WITHAMAXIMUMPEAKCURRENT
OFM!FROMEACHPIN!NEXTERNALTHIRDORDERlLTERISRECOM
MENDEDFORlLTERINGOUTOFBANDNOISE
6/5426/542
2IGHT#HANNEL$IFFERENTIAL/UTPUTS
3EECHARACTERISTICSFOR
LEFTCHANNEL
6/54,6/54,n
6/5436/543
3UBCHANNEL$IFFERENTIAL/UTPUTS
4HESEOUTPUTSAREDESIGNEDTODRIVELOADSOFK
6
ORGREATER
WITHAPEAKCURRENTCAPABILITYOF«!4HISOUTPUTDOESNOT
USEDIGITALINTERPOLATIONSINCEITISINTENDEDFORLOWFREQUENCY
APPLICATIONS!NEXTERNALTHIRDORDERlLTERWITHACUTOFFFREQUENCY
K(ZISRECOMMENDED
62%&
!NALOG2EFERENCE6OLTAGE)NPUT
4HENOMINAL62%&INPUTVOLTAGEIS6THEANALOGGAINSCALES
DIRECTLYWITHTHEVOLTAGEONTHISPIN7HENUSINGTHE!$TO
DRIVEAPOWERAMPLIlERITISRECOMMENDEDTHATTHE62%&VOLTAGE
BEDERIVEDBYDIVIDINGDOWNANDHEAVILYlLTERINGTHESUPPLYTOTHE
POWERAMPLIlER4HISPROVIDESABENElTIFTHECOMPRESSORLIMITER
INTHE!$ISUSEDTOPREVENTAMPLIlERCLIPPING)NTHISCASEIF
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lXEDCOMPRESSORTHRESHOLDCANBEUSEDTOPROTECTANAMPLIlER
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FUNCTIONSCOMMONLYUSEDINORPLAYBACKSYSTEMS!SEVEN
BIQUADEQUALIZEROPERATESONTHESTEREOINPUTSIGNAL4HEOUTPUTOF
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CHANNELSANDTHEMONOSUMOFTHELEFTANDRIGHTEQUALIZEROUTPUTS
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ARETWOHIGHQUALITYCOMPRESSORLIMITERSAVAILABLEONEOPERATING
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NEL4HESUBWOOFEROUTPUTMAYBEBLENDEDBACKINTOTHELEFTRIGHT
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INDEPENDENTCOMPRESSORLIMITERSPROVIDETWOBANDCOMPRESSION
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GAINSUPTOD"WITHOUTCLIPPINGADDITIONALGAINSCANBE
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lLTERSECTION
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.UMERIC&ORMATS
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SPECIFYINGNUMERICFORMATS4OBETTERCOMPREHENDISSUESRELATINGTO
PRECISIONANDOVERmOWITISHELPFULTOTHINKINTERMSOFFRACTIONAL
TWOSCOMPLEMENTNUMBERSYSTEMS&RACTIONALNUMBERSYSTEMS
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THELEFTOFTHEDECIMALPOINTAND"ISTHENUMBEROFBITSTOTHE
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lCIENTFORMATUSEDISWHICHHASAMAXIMUMmOATINGPOINT
REPRESENTATIONOFSLIGHTLYLESSTHAN4HISMEANSTHATTHEMAXI
MUMGAINTHATCANBEACHIEVEDINASINGLEINSTRUCTIONISD"4O
GETMOREGAINTHEPROGRAMINTHE!$USESACASCADEOFlVE
MULTIPLIERSTOACHIEVEUPTOD"OFPOSTCOMPRESSIONGAIN
4OPROGRAMTHECOMPRESSORLIMITERTHEFOLLOWINGFORMULASMAY
BEUSEDTODETERMINETHEBITNUMBERSINFORMATTOBE
ENTEREDINTOTHEPARAMETER2!-
2-34IME#ONSTANT
4HISCANBEBESTEXPRESSEDBYENTERINGTHETIMECONSTANTINTERMS
OFD"SECRAWRELEASERATEWITHOUTTHEPEAKRIDINGCIRCUIT4HE
ATTACKRATEISARATHERCOMPLICATEDFORMULATHATDEPENDSONTHE
CHANGEINAMPLITUDEOFTHEINPUTSINEWAVE
RMS?TCONST?PARAMETER n
?
s

¥
§
¦´
µ
 
RELEASE RATE
F3

WHERE
RMS?TCONST?PARAMETER
THEFRACTIONALNUMBERTOENTERINTO
R
THE30)2!-AFTERCONVERTINGTOBITFORMATANDTHE
RELEASE?RATETHE
RELEASERATE
OFTHERAWRMSDETECTORIND"SEC
4HISMUSTBENEGATIVEAND
F
3
F
F
THEAUDIOSAMPLERATE
3
2-3(OLD4IME
RMS?HOLD?TIME?PARAMETER INT HOLD?TIMEs

F3
7HERE
RMS?HOLDTIME?PARAMETER
THEINTEGERNUMBERTOENTERINTO
R
THE30)2!-
F
3
F
F
THEAUDIOSAMPLERATE
3
HOLD?TIME
THEABSO
LUTETIMETOWAITBEFORESTARTINGTHERELEASERAMPDOWNOFTHE
DETECTOROUTPUTAND
INT
THEINTEGERPARTOFTHEEXPRESSION
2-32ELEASE2ATE
RMS?DECAY?PARAMETER INT RMS?DECAY


WHERE
RMS?DECAY?PARAMETER
THEDECIMALINTEGERNUMBERTOENTER
R
INTOTHE30)2!-
RMS?DECAY
THEDECAYRATEIND"SECAND
INT
THEINTEGERPARTOFTHEEXPRESSION
,OOK!HEAD$ELAY
LOOKAHEAD?DELAY?PARAMETER LOOKAHEAD?DELAY Fs
3
WHERE
LOOKAHEAD?DELAY
THEPREDICTIVECOMPRESSORDELAYIN
ABSOLUTETIME
F
3
F
F
THEAUDIOSAMPLERATEANDTHEMAXIMUM
3
LOOKAHEAD?DELAY?PARAMETER
VALUEIS
R
0OSTCOMPRESSION'AIN
POST?COMPRESSION?GAIN?PARAMETER
POST?COMPRESSION?GAIN?LINEAR


WHERE
POST?COMPRESSION?GAIN?LINEAR
ISTHELINEARPOSTCOMPRESSION
R
GAINAND>THERAISETOTHEPOWER
3UBWOOFER#OMPRESSOR,IMITER
4HESUBWOOFERCOMPRESSORLIMITERDIFFERSFROMTHELEFTRIGHT
COMPRESSORINTHEFOLLOWINGWAYS

4HESUBWOOFERCOMPRESSOROPERATESONAWEIGHTEDSUMOFTHE
LEFTANDRIGHTINPUTSAA
,EFTBB
2IGHTWHEREAAAND
BBAREBOTHPROGRAMMABLE

4HEDETECTORINPUTHASABIQUADlLTERINSERIESWITHTHEINPUT
INORDERTOIMPLEMENTFREQUENCYDEPENDENTCOMPRESSION
THRESHOLDS

4HEREISNOPREDICTIVECOMPRESSIONSINCEPRESUMABLYTHEINPUT
SIGNALSARElLTEREDTOPASSONLYLOWFREQUENCIESANDTHEREFORE
TRANSIENTOVERSHOOTSARENOTAPROBLEM
4HESUBWOOFERCOMPRESSORSIGNALmOWISSHOWNIN&IGURE
,
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REV. B
!$
n
n
4HEBIQUADlLTERBEFORETHEDETECTORCANBEUSEDTOIMPLEMENTA
FREQUENCYDEPENDENTCOMPRESSIONTHRESHOLD&OREXAMPLEASSUME
THATTHEOVERLOADPOINTOFTHEWOOFERISVERYFREQUENCYDEPEN
DENT)NTHISCASEONEWOULDHAVETOSETTHECOMPRESSORTHRESHOLD
TOAVALUETHATCORRESPONDEDTOTHEMOSTSENSITIVEOVERLOADFRE
QUENCYOFTHEWOOFER)FTHEINPUTSIGNALHAPPENEDTOBEMOSTLY
INAFREQUENCYRANGEWHERETHEWOOFERWASNOTSOSENSITIVETO
OVERLOADTHENTHECOMPRESSORWOULDBETOOPESSIMISTICANDTHE
VOLUMEOFTHEWOOFERWOULDBEREDUCED)FONTHEOTHERHAND
THEBIQUADlLTERWEREDESIGNEDTOFOLLOWTHEWOOFEREXCURSION
CURVEOFTHESPEAKERTHENTHEVOLUMEOFTHEWOOFERCOULDBE
MAXIMIZEDUNDERALLCONDITIONS4HISISILLUSTRATEDIN&IGURE
(Z (Z
&2%15%.#9
7//&%2%8#523)/.
")15!$2%30/.3%
(Z
&2%15%.#9
(Z
&IGURE /PTIMIZING7OOFER,OUDNESS5SINGTHE
3UBWOOFERRMS"IQUAD&ILTER
7HENUSINGAlLTERINFRONTOFTHEDETECTORACONFUSINGSIDEEFFECT
OCCURS)FONEMEASURESTHEFREQUENCYRESPONSEBYUSINGASWEPT
SINEWAVEWITHANAMPLITUDELARGEENOUGHTOBEABOVETHECOM
PRESSORTHRESHOLDTHERESULTINGFREQUENCYRESPONSEWILLNOTLOOK
mAT(OWEVERTHISISNOTREALINTHESENSETHATASTHESINEWAVEIS
SWEPTTHROUGHTHESYSTEMTHEGAINISBEINGSLOWLYMODULATEDUP
ANDDOWNACCORDINGTOTHERESPONSEOFTHEBIQUADlLTERINFRONTOF
THEDETECTOR)FONEMEASURESTHERESPONSEUSINGAPINKNOISEGEN
ERATORTHERESULTWILLLOOKMUCHBETTERSINCETHEDETECTORWILLSETTLE
ONONLYONEGAINVALUE4HEPERCEPTUALEFFECTOFTHESWEPTSINEWAVE
TESTISNOTATALLWHATWOULDBEPREDICTEDBYSIMPLYLOOKINGATTHE
FREQUENCYRESPONSECURVEITISONLYTHESIGNALPATHlLTERSTHATWILL
AFFECTTHEPERCEPTIONOFTHEFREQUENCYRESPONSENOTTHEDETECTOR
PATHlLTERS
$EEMPHASIS&ILTERING
4HESTANDARDFORENCODING#$SALLOWSTHEUSEOFAPREEMPHASIS
CURVEDURINGENCODINGWHICHMUSTBECOMPENSATEDFORBYA
DEEMPHASISCURVEDURINGPLAYBACK4HEDEEMPHASISCURVE
ISDElNEDASAlRSTORDERSHELVINGlLTERWITHASINGLEPOLEAT

P
«SFOLLOWEDBYASINGLEZEROAT
P
«S
4HISCURVEMAYBEACCURATELYMODELEDUSINGAlRSTORDERDIGITAL
lLTER4HISlLTERISINCLUDEDINTHE!$ITISNOTPARTOFTHE
BANKOFBIQUADlLTERSANDSODOESNOTTAKEAWAYFROMTHENUM
BEROFAVAILABLElLTERS
3INCETHESPECIlCATIONOFTHEDEEMPHASISlLTERISBASEDONAN
ANALOGlLTERTHERESPONSEOFTHElLTERSHOULDNOTDEPENDONTHE
INCOMINGSAMPLINGRATE(OWEVERWHENTHEDEEMPHASISlLTERIS
IMPLEMENTEDDIGITALLYTHERESPONSEWILLSCALEWITHTHESAMPLING
RATEUNLESSTHElLTERCOEFlCIENTSAREALTEREDTOSUITEACHPOSSIBLE
INPUTSAMPLINGRATE&ORTHISREASONTHE!$INCLUDESTHREE
SEPARATEDEEMPHASISCURVESONEEACHFORSAMPLINGRATESOF
K(ZK(ZANDK(Z4HESECURVESARESELECTEDBY
WRITINGTO"ITSANDOF#ONTROL2EGISTEROVERTHE30)PORT
!LTERNATIVELYTHEK(ZCURVECANBECALLEDUPONUSINGTHE
$%%-03$!4!?!58PIN4HISPINISINCLUDEDFORCOMPATIBILITY
WITH#$DECODERCHIPSTHATHAVEADEEMPHASISOUTPUTPIN
5SINGTHE3UB2EINJECTION0ATHSFOR3YSTEMSWITH.O3UBWOOFER
-ANYSYSTEMSWILLNOTUSEASUBWOOFERBUTWOULDSTILLBENElT
FROMTWOBANDCOMPRESSIONLIMITING4HISCANBEACCOMMODATED
BYUSINGSUBREINJECTIONPATHSINTHEPROGRAMmOW4HESEPARAM
ETERSAREPROGRAMMEDBYENTERINGTWONUMBERSINFORMAT
INTOTHEPARAMETER2!-.OTETHATIFTHEBIQUADlLTERSARENOT
PROPERLYDESIGNEDTHEFREQUENCYRESPONSEATTHECROSSOVERPOINT
MAYNOTBEmAT-ANYCROSSOVERlLTERSAREDESIGNEDTOBEmATIN
THESENSEOFADDINGTHEPOWERSTOGETHERBUTNONmATIFTHESUMIS
DONEINVOLTAGEMODE4HEUSERMUSTTAKECARETODESIGNANAPPRO
PRIATESETOFCROSSOVERlLTERS
)NTERPOLATION&ILTERS
4HELEFTANDRIGHTCHANNELSHAVEAINTERPOLATIONlLTERWITH
D"STOPBANDATTENUATIONTHATPRECEDESTHEDIGITAL
3
$
MODU
LATOR4HISlLTERHASAGROUPDELAYOFAPPROXIMATELYF
3
F
F
TAPSWHEREF
3
F
F
ISTHESAMPLINGRATE4HESUBCHANNELDOESNOTUSE
ANINTERPOLATIONlLTER4HEREASONFORTHISBESIDESSAVINGVALUABLE
-)03ISTHATITISEXPECTEDTHATTHEBANDWIDTHOFTHESUBOUTPUT
WILLBELIMITEDTOLESSTHANK(Z7ITHNOINTERPOLATIONlLTERTHE
lRSTIMAGEWILLTHEREFOREBEATK(ZWHICHISF
3
F
F
nK(ZFOR
#$AUDIO4HESTANDARDEXTERNALlLTERUSEDFORBOTHTHEMAIN
ANDSUBCHANNELSISATHIRDORDERSINGLEOPAMPlLTER)FTHECUT
OFFFREQUENCYOFTHEEXTERNALSUBWOOFERlLTERISK(ZTHENTHERE
AREMORETHANFOUROCTAVESBETWEENK(ZANDTHElRSTIMAGE
ATK(Z!THIRDORDERlLTERWILLROLLOFFBYAPPROXIMATELY
D"OCT
OCTAVESD"ATTENUATION4HISISAPPROXIMATELY
THESAMEASTHEDIGITALATTENUATIONUSEDINTHEMAINCHANNEL
lLTERSSONOINTERNALINTERPOLATIONlLTERISREQUIREDTOREMOVETHE
OUTOFBANDIMAGES
.OTETHATBYHAVINGINTERPOLATIONlLTERSINTHEMAINCHANNELS
BUTNOTTHESUBWOOFERCHANNELTHEREISAPOTENTIALTIMEDELAY
MISMATCHBETWEENTHEMAINANDSUBCHANNELS4HEGROUPDELAY
OFTHEDIGITALINTERPOLATIONlLTERSUSEDINTHEMAINLEFTRIGHT
CHANNELSISABOUTMS4HISMUSTBECOMPAREDTOTHEGROUP
DELAYOFTHEEXTERNALANALOGlLTERUSEDINTHESUBWOOFERPATH)F
THEGROUPDELAYMISMATCHCAUSESAFREQUENCYRESPONSEERROR
WHENTHETWOSIGNALSAREACOUSTICALLYADDEDTHENTHEPRO
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2EAD"ITS


$ATA#APTURE3ERIAL/UT,EFT

7RITE"IT0ROGRAM#OUNTER6ALUE"IT2EGISTER!DDRESS


2EAD.!

$ATA#APTURE3ERIAL/UT2IGHT
7RITE"IT0ROGRAM#OUNTER6ALUE"IT2EGISTER!DDRESS


2EAD.!


0ARAMETER2!-3AFE,OAD2EGISTER

7RITE"IT0ARAMETER2!-!DDRESS"IT0ARAMETER$ATA


2EAD.!


0ARAMETER2!-3AFE,OAD2EGISTER

7RITE"IT0ARAMETER2!-!DDRESS"IT0ARAMETER$ATA
2EAD.!


0ARAMETER2!-3AFE,OAD2EGISTER

7RITE"IT0ARAMETER2!-!DDRESS"IT0ARAMETER$ATA


2EAD.!


0ARAMETER2!-3AFE,OAD2EGISTER

7RITE"IT0ARAMETER2!-!DDRESS"IT0ARAMETER$ATA


2EAD.!


0ARAMETER2!-3AFE,OAD2EGISTER

7RITE"IT0ARAMETER2!-!DDRESS"IT0ARAMETER$ATA


2EAD.!
n

5NUSED

4EST2EGISTER
7RITE"ITS


2EAD.!
n

0ROGRAM2!-

7RITE"ITS


2EAD"ITS
30)!DDRESS$ECODING
4ABLE))SHOWSTHEADDRESSDECODINGUSEDINTHE30)PORT4HE
30)ADDRESSSPACEENCOMPASSESASETAREGISTERSANDTWO2!-S
ONEFORHOLDINGSIGNALPROCESSINGPARAMETERSANDONEFORHOLD
INGTHEPROGRAMINSTRUCTIONS"OTHOFTHE2!-SARELOADEDON
POWERUPFROMONBOARDBOOT2/-S
#ONTROL2EGISTER
#ONTROL2EGISTERISANBITREGISTERTHATCONTROLSDATACAPTURE
SERIALMODESDEEMPHASISMUTEPOWERDOWNAND30)TO
MEMORYTRANSFERS4ABLE)))DOCUMENTSTHECONTENTSOFTHISREGISTER
4ABLE)6DETAILSTHETWOBITSINTHEREGISTERSREADOPERATION
"ITSSETTHEWORDLENGTHWHICHISUSEDINRIGHTJUSTIlEDSERIAL
MODESTODETERMINEWHERETHE-3"ISLOCATEDRELATIVETOTHESTART
OFTHEAUDIOFRAME
"ITSSELECTONEOFFOURSERIALMODESWHICHAREDISCUSSEDIN
THE3ERIAL$ATA)NPUT0ORTSECTION
4HEDEEMPHASISCURVESELECTION"ITSTURNONTHEINTERNAL
DEEMPHASISlLTERFORONEOFTHREEPOSSIBLESAMPLERATES
"ITTHESOFTPOWERDOWNBITSTOPSTHEINTERNALCLOCKSTOTHE$30
COREBUTDOESNOTRESETTHEPART4HEDIGITALPOWERCONSUMPTION
ISREDUCEDTOALOWLEVELWHENTHISBITISASSERTED2ESETCANONLY
BEASSERTEDUSINGTHEEXTERNALRESETPIN
3OFTMUTE"ITISUSEDTOINITIATEAVOLUMERAMPDOWNSEQUENCE
)FTHEINITIALVOLUMEWASSETTOTHISOPERATIONWILLTAKE
AUDIOFRAMESTOCOMPLETE7HENTHISBITISDEASSERTEDARAMPUP
SEQUENCEISINITIATEDUNTILTHEVOLUMERETURNSTOITSORIGINALSETTING
7HENSET"ITENABLESTHE$#3/54PIN4HISMUSTBESETIN
ORDERTOREADFROMTHEDATACAPTURESERIALOUTREGISTERS
REV. B
!$
n
n
4HEINITIATESAFETRANSFER"ITWILLREQUESTADATATRANSFERFROM
THE30)SAFELOADREGISTERSTOTHEPARAMETER2!-4HESAFELOAD
REGISTERSCONTAINADDRESSDATAPAIRSANDONLYTHOSEREGISTERS
THATHAVEBEENWRITTENTOSINCETHELASTTRANSFEROPERATIONWILLBE
UPLOADED4HEUSERMAYPOLLFORTHISOPERATIONTOCOMPLETEBY
READING"ITOF#ONTROL2EGISTER4HE3AFELOAD-ECHANISM
SECTIONGOESINTOMOREDETAILONTHISFEATURE
"ITTHEHALTPROGRAMBITISUSEDTOINITIATEAVOLUMERAMPDOWN
FOLLOWEDBYASHUTDOWNOFTHE$30CORE4HEUSERMAYPOLLFOR
THISOPERATIONTOCOMPLETEBYREADING"ITOF#ONTROL2EGISTER
"ITSETSTHEFUNCTIONOFTHEDEEMPHASISAUXILIARYSERIALINPUT
PIN7HENTHISBITISSETTOTHEPINWILLFUNCTIONASANAUXILIARY
SERIALINPUTTHATISCLOCKEDBYTHEINPUTMUXSSELECTEDCLOCKS
7HENSETTOTHISPINENABLESTHEK(ZDEEMPHASISCURVE
4ABLE)))#ONTROL2EGISTER7RITE$ElNITION
2EGISTER"ITS
&UNCTION

$EEMPHASIS!UXILIARY3ERIAL)NPUT0IN3ELECT
!UXILIARY3ERIAL)NPUT

(ALT0ROGRAM(ALT
)NITIATE3AFE4RANSFER4RANSFER
%NABLE$#3/54/UTPUT0IN%NABLE
3OFT-UTE3TART-UTE3EQUENCE
3OFT0OWER$OWN0OWER$OWN

$EEMPHASIS#URVE3ELECT
.ONE
K(Z
K(Z
K(Z

3ERIALIN-ODE
)
3
2IGHT*USTIlED
$30
,EFT*USTIlED

7ORD,ENGTH
"ITS
"ITS
"ITS
"ITS
4ABLE)6#ONTROL2EGISTER2EAD$ElNITION
2EGISTER"ITS
&UNCTION
$30#ORE3HUTDOWN#OMPLETE
3HUTDOWN#OMPLETE
.OT3HUT$OWN
3AFE-EMORY,OAD#OMPLETE
#OMPLETE.OTE#LEAREDAFTER2EAD
.OT#OMPLETE
"ITISASSERTEDWHENALLREQUESTEDSAFELOADREGISTERSHAVEBEEN
TRANSFERREDTOTHEPARAMETER2!-)TISCLEAREDAFTERTHEREAD
OPERATIONISCOMPLETE
"ITISASSERTEDAFTERTHEREQUESTEDSHUTDOWNOFTHE$30ISCOM
PLETED7HENTHISBITISSETTHEUSERISFREETOWRITEORREADANY
2!-LOCATIONWITHOUTCAUSINGANAUDIOPOPORCLICK
4ABLE6#ONTROL2EGISTER7RITE$ElNITION
2EGISTER"ITS

&UNCTION
6OLUME2AMP3PEED

MS&ULL2AMP4IME

MS&ULL2AMP4IME

3ERIAL0ORT/UTPUT%NABLE

%NABLED

$ISABLED


3ERIAL0ORT)NPUT3ELECT

).

).
).

.!


-#,+)NPUT3ELECT

-#,+

-#,+

-#,+

.!

2ESERVED

-#,+IN&REQUENCY3ELECT

F
3
F
F


F
3
F
F


-#,+/UT&REQUENCY3ELECT

$ISABLED


F
3
F
F


F
3
F
F

-#,+?/UT-#,+?)N&EEDTHROUGH
#ONTROL2EGISTER
4ABLE6DOCUMENTSTHECONTENTSOF#ONTROL2EGISTER"ITSAND
SETTHEFREQUENCYOFTHE-#,+/54PIN)FTHESEBITSARESETTO
THENTHE-#,+/54PINISDISABLEDDEFAULT7HENSETTO
THE-#,+/54PINISSETTO
F
3
F
F
WHICHISTHESAMEAS
THEINTERNALMASTERCLOCKUSEDBYTHE$30CORE7HENSETTO
THISPINISSETTO
F
3
F
F
DERIVEDBYDIVIDINGTHEINTERNAL$30
CLOCKBY)NTHISMODETHEOUTPUTF
3
F
F
CLOCKWILLBEINVERTED
WITHRESPECTTOTHEINPUTF
3
F
F
CLOCK4HISISNOTTHECASEWITHTHE
FEEDTHROUGHMODE7HENSETTOTHE-#,+/54PINMIRRORS
THESELECTED-#,+INPUTPINITSTHEOUTPUTOFTHE-#,+MUX
SELECTOR.OTETHATTHEINTERNAL$30MASTERCLOCKMAYEITHERBE
THESAMEASTHESELECTED-#,+PINWHEN-#,+FREQUENCY
SELECTISSETTO
F
3
F
F
MODEORMAYBEDERIVEDFROMTHE-#,+
PINUSINGANINTERNALCLOCKDOUBLERWHEN-#,+FREQUENCY
SELECTISSETTO
F
3
FF

"ITSELECTSONEOFTWOPOSSIBLE-#,+INPUTFREQUENCIES7HEN
SETTODEFAULTTHE-#,+FREQUENCYISSETTO
F
3
F
F
)NTHIS
MODETHEINTERNAL$30CLOCKANDTHEEXTERNAL-#,+AREATTHE
SAMEFREQUENCY7HENSETTOTHE-#,+FREQUENCYISSETTO

F
3
F
F
ANDANINTERNALCLOCKDOUBLERISUSEDTOGENERATETHE
$30CLOCK
"ITSANDSELECTONEOFTHREECLOCKINPUTSOURCESUSINGANINTER
NALMUX4OAVOIDCLICKANDPOPNOISESWHENSWITCHING-#,+
SOURCESITISRECOMMENDEDTHATTHEUSERPUTTHE$30COREIN
SHUTDOWNBEFORESWITCHING-#,+SOURCES
"ITSANDSELECTONEOFTHREESERIALINPUTSOURCESUSINGAN
INTERNALMUX%ACHSOURCESELECTIONINCLUDESASEPARATE3$!4!
,2#,+AND"#,+INPUT4OAVOIDCLICKANDPOPNOISESWHEN
SWITCHINGSERIALSOURCESITISRECOMMENDEDTHATTHEUSERPUTTHE
$30COREINSHUTDOWNBEFOREWRITINGTOTHESEBITS
REV. B
!$
n
n
"ITISUSEDTOENABLETHETHREESERIALOUTPUTPINS4HESEPINSARE
CONNECTEDTOTHEOUTPUTOFTHESERIALINPUTMUXWHICHISSETBY
"ITSAND4HEDEFAULTISDISABLED
"ITCHANGESTHEDEFAULTSETTINGOFTHEVOLUMERAMPSPEED7HEN
SETTOITWILLTAKE,2#,+PERIODSTOGOFROMFULLVOLUME
D"TOINlNITEATTENTION7HENSETTOTHESAMEOPERATION
WILLTAKE,2#,+PERIODS
6OLUME2EGISTERS
4HE!$CONTAINSTHREEBITVOLUMEREGISTERSONEEACHFOR
THELEFTRIGHTANDSUBWOOFERCHANNELS4HESEREGISTERSARESPECIAL
BECAUSEWHENTHEVOLUMEISCHANGEDFROMANINITIALVALUETOA
NEWVALUEALINEARRAMPISUSEDTOINTERPOLATEBETWEENTHETWO
VALUES4HISFEATUREPREVENTSAUDIBLECLICKSANDPOPSWHENCHANG
INGVOLUME4HERAMPISSETSOTHATITTAKESAUDIOFRAMESTO
DECREMENTFROMAVOLUMEOFDEFAULTDOWNTOMUTED
4HEVOLUMEREGISTERSAREFORMATTEDINTWOSCOMPLEMENT
MEANINGTHATISINTERPRETEDAS
.EGATIVEVALUESCANALSOBEWRITTENTOTHEVOLUMEREGISTERCAUS
INGANINVERSIONOFTHESIGNAL.EGATIVEVALUESWORKASEXPECTED
WITHTHERAMPFEATURETOGOFROMTOnWILLTAKE
,2#,+SANDTHEVOLUMEWILLPASSTHROUGHONTHEWAY
0ARAMETER2!-#ONTENTS
4ABLE6)SHOWSTHECONTENTSOFTHEPARAMETER2!-FORTHE!$S
DEFAULTPROGRAM4HEPARAMETER2!-ISBITSWIDEANDOCCUPIES
30)!DDRESSESTHROUGH4HELOWADDRESSESOFTHE2!-ARE
USEDTOCONTROLTHEBIQUADlLTERS4HEREAREBIQUADlLTERSINALL
ANDEACHBIQUADHASlVECOEFlCIENTSRESULTINGINATOTALMEMORY
USAGEOFCOEFlCIENTS4HEREAREALSOTWOTABLESOFCOEFl
CIENTSEACHTHATDElNETHEMAINANDSUBCOMPRESSORINPUTOUTPUT
CHARACTERISTICS4HESEARELOADEDWITHONPOWERUPRESULTING
INNOCOMPRESSION/THER2!-ENTRIESCONTROLOTHERCOMPRESSOR
CHARACTERISTICSASWELLASDELAYANDSPATIALIZATIONSETTINGS
4HEPARAMETER2!-ISINITIALIZEDONPOWERUPBYANONBOARD
BOOT2/-4HEDEFAULTVALUESYIELDNOEQUALIZATIONNOCOM
PRESSIONNOSPATIALIZATIONNODELAYANDNORMALDETECTORTIME
CONSTANTSINTHECOMPRESSORSECTIONS4HEFUNCTIONALITYOFTHE
!$ONPOWERUPISBASICALLYTHATOFANORMALAUDIO$!#
WITHNOSIGNALPROCESSINGCAPABILITY
4HEDATAFORMATOFTHEPARAMETER2!-ISTWOSCOMPLEMENT
FORMAT4HISMEANSTHATTHECOEFlCIENTSMAYRANGEFROM
n,3"TOnWITHREPRESENTEDBYTHEBINARYWORD

/PTIONSFOR0ARAMETER5PDATES
4HEPARAMETERANDPROGRAM2!-SCANBEWRITTENANDREADUSING
ONEOFSEVERALMETHODS

$IRECTREADWRITE4HISMETHODALLOWSDIRECTACCESSTOTHE
2!-S3INCETHE2!-SAREALSOBEINGUSEDDURINGREALTIME
$30OPERATIONAGLITCHWILLLIKELYOCCURATTHEOUTPUT4HIS
METHODISNOTRECOMMENDED

$IRECTREADWRITEAFTERCORESHUTDOWN4HISMETHODAVOIDS
THEGLITCHWHILEACCESSINGTHEINTERNAL2!-SBYlRSTSHUTTING
DOWNTHECORE4HISISRECOMMENDEDFORTRANSFERRINGLARGE
AMOUNTSOFDATASUCHASINITIALIZINGTHEPARAMETER2!-AT
POWERUPORDOWNLOADINGACOMPLETELYNEWPROGRAM4HESE
TRANSFERSCANBESPEDUPBYUSINGBURSTMODEWHEREANINITIAL
ADDRESSFOLLOWEDBYBLOCKSOFDATAARESENTTOTHE2!-

3AFELOADWRITES4HISISWHEREUPTOlVE30)REGISTERSARELOADED
WITHADDRESSDATAINTENDEDFORTHEPARAMETER2!-4HEDATA
ISTHENTRANSFERREDTOTHEREQUESTEDADDRESSWHENTHE2!-IS
NOTBUSY4HISMETHODCANBEUSEDFORDYNAMICUPDATESWHILE
LIVEPROGRAMMATERIALISPLAYINGTHROUGHTHE!$&OR
EXAMPLEACOMPLETEUPDATEOFONEBIQUADSECTIONCANOCCURIN
ONEAUDIOFRAMEWHILETHE2!-ISNOTBUSY4HISMETHODISNOT
AVAILABLEFORWRITINGTOTHEPROGRAM2!-ORCONTROLREGISTERS
4HENEXTSECTIONDISCUSSESTHESEOPTIONSINMOREDETAIL
3OFT3HUTDOWN-ECHANISM
7HENWRITINGLARGEAMOUNTSOFDATATOTHEPROGRAMORPARAMETER
2!-THEPROCESSORCORESHOULDBEHALTEDTOPREVENTUNPLEASANT
NOISESFROMAPPEARINGATTHEAUDIOOUTPUT&IGURESHOWSA
GRAPHICALREPRESENTATIONOFTHISMECHANISMSVOLUMEENVELOPE
0OINTS!THROUGH$AREREFERENCEDINTHEFOLLOWINGDESCRIPTION
"ITIN3ERIAL#ONTROL2EGISTERPROCESSORSHUTDOWNBITWILL
SHUTDOWNTHEPROCESSORCORE7HENTHEPROCESSORSHUTDOWNBIT
ISASSERTED!ANAUTOMATICVOLUMERAMPDOWNSEQUENCE
"LASTINGFROMMSTOMSWILLOCCURFOLLOWEDBYASHUT
DOWNOFTHECORE4HISMETHODOFSHUTTINGDOWNTHECORE
PREVENTSPOPSORCLICKSFROMOCCURRING!FTERTHESHUTDOWNIS
COMPLETE"ITIN#ONTROL2EGISTERWILLBESET4HEUSERCAN
EITHERPOLLFORTHISBITTOBESETORJUSTWAITFORAPERIODLONGER
THANMS
/NCETHECOREISSHUTDOWN#THEPARAMETERORPROGRAM2!-S
MAYBEWRITTENORREADFREELY4OFACILITATETHETRANSFEROFLARGE
BLOCKSOFSEQUENTIALDATAABLOCKTRANSFERMODEISSUPPORTED
WHEREASTARTINGADDRESSFOLLOWEDBYASTREAMOFDATAISSENTTOTHE
MEMORY4HEADDRESSINTOTHEMEMORYWILLBEAUTOMATICALLY
INCREMENTEDFOREACHNEWWRITE4HISMODEISDOCUMENTEDINTHE
30)2EAD7RITE$ATA&ORMATSSECTIONOFTHISDATASHEET
/NCETHEDATAHASBEENWRITTENTHESHUTDOWNBITCANBECLEARED
$4HEPROCESSORTHENWILLINITIATEAVOLUMERAMPUPSEQUENCE
!$#
"
&IGURE2ECOMMENDED3EQUENCESFOR#OMPLETE0ARAMETEROR0ROGRAM2!-5PLOADED5SING3HUTDOWN-ECHANISM
REV. B
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4HEDEFAULTDECAYTIMEOFTHEHOLDRELEASECIRCUITISSETFASTENOUGHSOTHATTHEDECAYISDOMINATEDBYTHETIMECONSTANTOFTHERMSDETECTOR
4ABLE6) 0ARAMETER2!-#ONTENTS$EFAULT0ROGRAM
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))28OVER3UBB


))28OVER3UBB


))28OVER3UBA


))28OVER3UBA


))28OVER3UBB



))28OVER3UBB


))28OVER3UBB


))28OVER3UBA


))28OVER3UBA


))23UBRMSB



))23UBRMSB


))23UBRMSB

$EFAULT6ALUE

IN&RACTIONAL
!DDR

&UNCTION

&ORMAT


))23UBRMSA


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))23UBRMSA
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n

-AIN#OMPRESSOR

ALL

,OOK5P4ABLE"ASE

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-AIN#OMPRESSOR
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

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!TTACKRMS4IME

D"SEC

#ONSTANT

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-AIN0OST
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

#OMPRESSOR'AIN
n
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3UBWOOFER
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
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#OMPRESSOR

,OOK5P4ABLE"ASE

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3UB#OMPRESSOR
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
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!TTACKRMS4IME

D"SEC

#ONSTANT

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0OST#OMPRESSOR
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
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'AIN3UB

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(IGH0ASS&ILTER
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#UTOFF&REQUENCY

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-AIN#OMPRESSOR


,OOK!HEAD$ELAY

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$ELAY,EFT



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

$ELAY3UB



3TEREO3PREADING


#OEFlCIENT


3TEREO3PREADING



&REQUENCY#ONTROL


3UBWOOFER
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

2EINJECTION

TO-AIN,EFT


3UBWOOFER
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

2EINJECTION

TO-AIN2IGHT


3UBWOOFER#HANNEL



)NPUT'AINFROM
,EFT)N

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3UBWOOFER#HANNEL


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)NPUT'AINFROM

2IGHT)N

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-AIN$ETECTOR(OLD


4IME3AMPLES

-AX

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3UB$ETECTOR(OLD
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4IME3AMPLES

-AX

-AIN$ETECTOR


$ECAY4IME

D"SEC


3UB$ETECTOR



$ECAY4IME

D"SEC
n

5NUSED

$EFAULT6ALUE

IN&RACTIONAL
!DDR

&UNCTION

&ORMAT
REV. B
!$
n
n
THATLASTSFORMSTOMS!GAINTHISREDUCESTHECHANCEOF
ANYPOPORCLICKNOISEFROMOCCURRING
.OTETHATTHISSHUTDOWNSEQUENCEASSUMESTHATTHEPARTISSET
TOTHEFASTVOLUMERAMPSPEED#ONTROL2EGISTER"IT)FTHE
SLOWRAMPSPEEDISSETTHEVOLUMEMAYNOTREACHZEROBEFORETHE
PARTENTERSSHUTDOWNANDACLICKORPOPMAYBEHEARD
3AFELOAD-ECHANISM
-ANYAPPLICATIONSREQUIREREALTIMECONTROLOFlLTERCHARACTERISTICS
SUCHASBASSTREBLECONTROLSANDPARAMETRICORGRAPHICEQUALIZATION
4OPREVENTINSTABILITYFROMOCCURRINGALLOFTHEPARAMETERSOFA
PARTICULARBIQUADlLTERMUSTBEUPDATEDATTHESAMETIMEOTHER
WISETHElLTERCOULDEXECUTEFORONEORTWOAUDIOFRAMESWITHA
MIXTUREOFOLDANDNEWCOEFlCIENTS4HISMIXOFOLDANDNEW
COULDCAUSETEMPORARYINSTABILITYLEADINGTOTRANSIENTSTHATCOULD
TAKEALONGTIMETODECAY
4HEMETHODUSEDINTHE!$TOELIMINATETHISPROBLEMISTO
LOADASETOFlVEREGISTERSINTHE30)PORTWITHTHEDESIREDPARAM
ETER2!-ADDRESSANDDATA&IVEREGISTERSAREUSEDBECAUSEEACH
BIQUADlLTERHASlVECOEFlCIENTS/NCETHESEREGISTERSARELOADED
THEINITIATESAFETRANSFERBITIN#ONTROL2EGISTERSHOULDBESET
/NCETHISBITISSETTHEPROCESSORWAITSFORAPERIODOFTIMEIN
THEPROGRAMSEQUENCEWHERETHEPARAMETER2!-ISNOTBEING
ACCESSEDFORATLEASTlVECONSECUTIVEINSTRUCTIONCYCLES7HENTHE
PROGRAMCOUNTERREACHESTHISPOINTTHEPARAMETER2!-ISWRIT
TENWITHlVENEWDATAVALUESATADDRESSESCORRESPONDINGTOTHOSE
THATWEREENTEREDINTHESAFELOADREGISTERS7HENTHEOPERATIONIS
COMPLETE"ITOF#ONTROL2EGISTERREADISSET4HISBITMAY
BEPOLLEDBYTHEEXTERNALMICROPROCESSORUNTILAISREADAND
WILLBERESETONAREADOPERATION4HEPOLLINGOPERATIONISNOT
REQUIREDTHESAFELOADMECHANISMGUARANTEESTHATTHETRANSFERWILL
BECOMPLETEWITHINONEAUDIOFRAME
4HESAFELOADLOGICAUTOMATICALLYSENDSONLYTHOSESAFELOADREGISTERS
THATHAVEBEENWRITTENTOSINCETHELASTSAFELOADOPERATION&OR
EXAMPLEIFONLYTWOPARAMETERSARETOBESENTTHENITISNECES
SARYTOWRITETOONLYTWOOFTHElVESAFELOADREGISTERS7HENTHE
REQUESTSAFETRANSFERBITISASSERTEDONLYTHOSETWOREGISTERSWILL
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OLDORINVALIDDATA
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CONCATENATIONOFTHEBITPROGRAMCOUNTINDEXWITHTHEBIT
REGISTERSELECTlELD2EFERTO4ABLE88TOlNDTHECAPTURECOUNT
ANDREGISTERSELECTNUMBERSTHATCORRESPONDTOTHEDESIREDPOINT
TOBEMONITOREDINTHEDEFAULTSIGNALPROCESSINGmOW
4HE30)CAPTUREREGISTERSCANBEACCESSEDBYREADINGFROM30)
,OCATIONSFOR30)#APTURE2EGISTERORFOR30)#AP
TURE2EGISTER4HEOTHERTWODATACAPTUREREGISTERSDATACAPTURE
SERIALOUTAUTOMATICALLYTRANSFERTHEIRDATATOTHEDATACAPTURE
SERIALOUT$#3/54PIN$#3/54#APTURE2EGISTERISPRES
ENTINTHELEFTDATASLOTASDElNEDBYTHESERIALINPUTFORMATAND
$#3/54#APTURE2EGISTERISPRESENTINTHERIGHTDATASLOT4HE
FORMATFORWRITINGTOTHE30)DATACAPTURESETUPREGISTERSISGIVEN
INTHE30)SECTIONOFTHISDATASHEET
$#3/54
,2#,+
"#,+
D",%6%,-%4%23
-)#2/
#/.42/,,%2 !$
%84$!#S
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/54054
&IGURE4YPICAL!PPLICATIONOF$ATA#APTURE&EATURE
REV. B
!$
n
n
4ABLE88$ATA#APTURE4RAP)NDEXESAND2EGISTER3ELECT$EFAULT0ROGRAM
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
0ROGRAM#OUNT

2EGISTER
3IGNAL$ESCRIPTION

)NDEX"ITS

3ELECT"ITS
.UMERIC&ORMAT
(0&/UT,EFT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
(0&/UT2IGHT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
$EEMPHASIS/UT,EFT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
$EEMPHASIS/UT2IGHT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
,EFT"IQUAD/UTPUT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
,EFT"IQUAD/UTPUT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
,EFT"IQUAD/UTPUT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
,EFT"IQUAD/UTPUT
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

-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
,EFT"IQUAD/UTPUT

-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
,EFT"IQUAD/UTPUT
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

-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
,EFT"IQUAD/UTPUT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
2IGHT"IQUAD/UTPUT
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

-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
2IGHT"IQUAD/UTPUT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
2IGHT"IQUAD/UTPUT


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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
2IGHT"IQUAD/UTPUT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
2IGHT"IQUAD/UTPUT
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

-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
2IGHT"IQUAD/UTPUT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
2IGHT"IQUAD/UTPUT

-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
6OLUME/UT,EFT


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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
6OLUME/UT2IGHT


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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
6OLUME/UT3UB

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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
0HAT3TEREO/UT,EFT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
0HAT3TEREO/UT2IGHT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
$ELAY/UTPUT,EFT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
$ELAY/UTPUT2IGHT



-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
-AIN#OMPRESSORRMS/UTD"

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$"?/UT
"IT0OSITIVE"INARY"IT
#ORRESPONDSTOAD"#HANGE
-AIN#OMPRESSOR'AIN2EDUCTION
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-#)
,3"S
,INEAR
,OOK!HEAD$ELAY/UTPUT,EFT
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-$)
,3"S4RUNCATED
,OOK!HEAD$ELAY/UTPUT2IGHT
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-$)
,3"S4RUNCATED
-AIN#OMPRESSOR/UT,EFT

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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
-AIN#OMPRESSOR/UT2IGHT

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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
)NTERPOLATOR)NPUT,EFT

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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
)NCLUDES3UB2EINJECT
)NTERPOLATOR)NPUT2IGHT

-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
)NCLUDES3UB2EINJECT
3UBCHANNEL&ILTER)NPUT
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
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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
3UB8OVER"IQUAD/UTPUT

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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
3UB8OVER"IQUAD/UTPUT
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
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-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
3UB8OVER"IQUAD/UTPUT

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
-ULT?/UT
#LIPPED
Left Xover Biquad 0 Output
99
Mult_Out
1.23, Clipped
Left Xover Biquad 1 Output
108
Mult_Out
1.23, Clipped
Right Xover Biquad 0 Output
349
Mult_Out
1.23, Clipped
Right Xover Biquad 1 Output
358
Mult_Out
1.23, Clipped
Sub Delay Output
511
Mult_Out
1.23, Clipped
Sub rms Biquad Output
467
Mult_Out
1.23, Clipped
Sub rms Output (dB)
489
DB_Out
24-Bit Positive Binary, Bit 19
Corresponds to a 3 dB Change
Sub Compressor Gain (Linear)
495
MCI
2.22, 2 LSBs = 0
Subchannel Output
511
Mult_Out
1.23, Clipped
REV. B
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COMPLEMENT-3"lRSTFORMAT4HELEFTCHANNELDATAlELDALWAYS
PRECEDESTHERIGHTCHANNELDATAlELD4HESERIALMODEISSETBY
USINGMODESELECTBITSINTHE30)CONTROLREGISTER)NALLMODES
EXCEPTFORTHERIGHTJUSTIlEDMODETHESERIALPORTWILLACCEPTAN
ARBITRARYNUMBEROFBITSUPTOALIMITOFEXTRABITSWILLNOT
CAUSEANERRORBUTTHEYWILLBETRUNCATEDINTERNALLY)NTHERIGHT
JUSTIlEDMODE30)CONTROLREGISTERBITSAREUSEDTOSETTHEWORD
LENGTHTOBITSBITSORBITS4HEDEFAULTONPOWERUPIS
BITMODE0ROPEROPERATIONOFTHERIGHTJUSTIlEDMODEREQUIRES
EXACTLY"#,+SPERAUDIOFRAME
3ERIAL$ATA)NPUT-ODES
&IGURESHOWSTHESERIALINPUTMODES&ORTHELEFTJUSTIlED
MODE,2#,+ISHIGHFORTHELEFTCHANNELANDLOWFORTHERIGHT
CHANNEL$ATAISSAMPLEDONTHERISINGEDGEOF"#,+4HE-3"
ISLEFTJUSTIlEDTOAN,2#,+TRANSITIONWITHNO-3"DELAY4HE
LEFTJUSTIlEDMODECANACCEPTANYWORDLENGTHUPTOBITS
)N)
3MODE,2#,+ISLOWFORTHELEFTCHANNELANDHIGHFOR
THERIGHTCHANNEL$ATAISVALIDONTHERISINGEDGEOF"#,+4HE
-3"ISLEFTJUSTIlEDTOAN,2#,+TRANSITIONBUTWITHASINGLE
"#,+PERIODDELAY4HE)
3MODECANBEUSEDTOACCEPTANY
NUMBEROFBITSUPTO
)NRIGHTJUSTIlEDMODE,2#,+ISHIGHFORTHELEFTCHANNELANDLOW
FORTHERIGHTCHANNEL$ATAISSAMPLEDONTHERISINGEDGEOF"#,+
4HESTARTOFDATAISDELAYEDFROMTHE,2#,+EDGEBY"#,+
"#,+OR"#,+INTERVALSDEPENDINGONTHESELECTEDWORD
LENGTH4HEDEFAULTWORDLENGTHISBITSOTHERWORDLENGTHSARESET
BYWRITINGTO"ITSANDOF#ONTROL2EGISTER)NRIGHTJUSTIlED
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&ORTHE$30SERIALPORTMODE,2#,+MUSTPULSEHIGHFORAT
LEASTONEBITCLOCKPERIODBEFORETHE-3"OFTHELEFTCHANNEL
ISVALIDAND,2#,+MUSTPULSEHIGHAGAINFORATLEASTONEBIT
CLOCKPERIODBEFORETHE-3"OFTHERIGHTCHANNELISVALID$ATAIS
SAMPLEDONTHEFALLINGEDGEOF"#,+4HE$30SERIALPORTMODE
CANBEUSEDWITHANYWORDLENGTHUPTOBITS)NTHISMODE
ITISTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHE$30TOENSURETHATTHELEFTDATAIS
TRANSMITTEDWITHTHElRST,2#,+PULSEANDTHATSYNCHRONISMIS
MAINTAINEDFROMTHATPOINTFORWARD
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4HE!$OFFERSTWOMETHODSOFMUTINGTHEANALOGOUTPUT
"YASSERTINGTHEMUTESIGNALHIGHTHELEFTRIGHTANDSUBCHAN
NELSAREMUTED!SANALTERNATIVETHEUSERCANASSERTTHEMUTE
BITINTHESERIALCONTROLREGISTERHIGH4HE!$HASBEEN
DESIGNEDTOMINIMIZEPOPSANDCLICKSWHENMUTINGANDUNMUT
INGTHEDEVICEBYAUTOMATICALLYRAMPINGTHEGAINUPORDOWN
7HENTHEDEVICEISUNMUTEDTHEVOLUMERETURNSTOTHEVALUE
SETINTHEVOLUMEREGISTER
$EEMPHASIS
4HE!$HASABUILTINDEEMPHASISlLTERTHATCANBEUSEDTO
DECODE#$STHATHAVEBEENENCODEDWITHTHESTANDARDREDBOOK
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AVAILABLE7HENUSINGTHE30)PORTCURVESFORK(ZK(Z
ANDK(ZARESUPPORTED
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2)'(4*534)&)%$-/$%n3%,%#4.5-"%2/&")430%2#(!..%,
&IGURE 3ERIAL)NPUT-ODES
REV. B
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&IGURESHOWSTHEBLOCKDIAGRAMOFTHEANALOGOUTPUTSECTION
!SERIESOFCURRENTSOURCESARECONTROLLEDBYADIGITAL
3
$
MODU
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REV. B
AD1954
Rev. B | Page 33
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
COM P LI AN T TO JE D EC S TANDARDS MS - 022-AB-1
041807-A
13.45
13.20 SQ
12.95
0.45
0.29
2.45
MAX
1.03
0.88
0.73
TOP VIEW
(PINS DOWN)
12
44
1
22
23
34
33
11
0.25
0.10
2.20
2.00
1.80
VIEW A
ROTATED 90° CCW
0.23
0.11
10.20
10.00 SQ
9.80
0.80 BSC
LE AD P IT C H LE AD W I DTH
0.10
COPLANARITY
VIEW A
SEATING
PLANE
1.60 REF
PIN 1
Figure 25. 44-Lead Metric Quad Flat Package [MQFP]
(S-44-1)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
COM P LI ANT TO JE DEC STANDARDS MS-0 26- BBC
TOP VIEW
(PINS DOWN)
1
12 13 25
24
36
37
48
0.27
0.22
0.17
0.50
BSC
LEAD PITCH
1.60
MAX
0.75
0.60
0.45
VIEW A
PIN 1
0.20
0.09
1.45
1.40
1.35
0.08
COPLANARITY
VIEW A
ROTATE D 90 ° CCW
SEATING
PLANE
3.5°
0.15
0.05
9.20
9.00 SQ
8.80
7.20
7.00 SQ
6.80
051706-A
Figure 26. 48-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Package [LQFP]
(ST-48)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option
AD1954YSZ –40°C to +105°C 44-Lead MQFP S-44-1
AD1954YSTZ –40°C to +105°C 48-Lead LQFP ST-48
AD1954YSTZRL –40°C to +105°C 48-Lead LQFP, 13" Tape and Reel ST-48
1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
AD1954
Rev. B | Page 34
REVISION HISTORY
12/14—Rev. A to Rev. B
Changes to Signal Processing Overview Section ....................... 12
Changes to Graphical Custom Programming Tools Section .... 31
Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 33
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 33
8/03—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Changes to Specifications ................................................................ 3
Changes to Absolute Maximum Ratings ....................................... 6
Changes to Ordering Guide ............................................................ 6
Change to TPCs 1 and 2 .................................................................. 8
Change to Main Compressor/Limiter Section ........................... 15
Change to Interpolation Filters Section ....................................... 18
Replaced Control Register 1 Section ............................................ 20
Changes to Control Register 2 Section ........................................ 21
Changes to Parameter RAM Contents Section .......................... 22
Change to Table VI ......................................................................... 23
Change to Table IX ......................................................................... 24
Change to Table XI ......................................................................... 25
Change to Data Capture Registers Section ................................. 26
Change to Table XX ........................................................................ 28
Change to Analog Output Section ............................................... 30
Reversed Figures 22 and 23 ........................................................... 30
Added Figure 24 .............................................................................. 30
Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 33
©2014 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
D02760-0-12/14(B)