AP494S16 - Anachip Corporation

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

This datasheet contains new product information. Anachip Corp. reserves the rights to modify the product specification without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of the use of

this product. No rights under any patent accompany the sale of the product.

Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

1/9

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Features

- Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry

- Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source

Current

- Output Control Selects Single-Ended or

Push-Pull Operation

- Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either

Output

- Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total

Range

- Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V

Reference Supply with 3% Tolerance

- Circuit Architecture allows Easy Synchronization



Connection Diagram

1 IN+

1 IN-

FEEDBACK

DTC

CT

RT

GND

C1 E1

E2

Vcc

OUTPUT CTRL

REF

2 IN+

2 IN-

C2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

89

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

(TOP VIEW)



Description

The AP494 incorporates on a single monolithic chip

all the functions required in the construction of a

pulse-width-modulation control circuit. Designed

primarily for power supply control, this device offers

the systems engineer the flexibility to tailor the

power supply control circuitry to a specific

application.

The AP494 contains two error amplifiers, one

adjustable on-chip oscillator, a dead-time control

(DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop,

a 5-V, 3%-precision regulator, and output-control

circuits.

The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode

voltage range from –0.3V to VCC –2V. The

dead-time control comparator has a fixed offset that

provides approximately 5% dead time. The

on-chipped oscillator may be bypassed in two ways.

One is to terminate RT to the reference output

and the other one is to provide a sawtooth input to

CT, or it may drive the common circuits in

synchronous multiple-rail power supplies.

The uncommitted output transistors provide either

common-emitter or emitter-follower output

capability. The AP494 provides for push-pull or

single-ended output operation, which may be

selected through the output-control function. The

architecture of this device prohibits the possibility of

either output being pulsed twice during push-pull

operation.

The AP494 is characterized for operation from 0oC

to 70oC.



Ordering Information

AP494 X X X X

Package PackingTemp. grade

Blank: 0 ~70

o

C

I : -40 ~85

o

C

S16 : SOP-16L

N16 : DIP-16L

Blank : Tube

A : Taping

Lead Free

Blank : Normal

L : Lead Free Package

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

Anachip Corp.

www.anachip.com.tw Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

2/9



Functional Block Diagram

+

-

+

-

6

5

RT

CT

4

DTC

1 IN +

1 IN -

2 IN +

2 IN -

2

1

15

16

Error Amplifier 2

Error Amplifier 1 PWM

Comparator

Dead-Time Control

Comparator

Oscillator

~0.1V

~

FEEDBACK 30.7mA

Reference

Regulator

Pulse-Steering

Flip-Flop

C1

1D

13

OUTPUT CTRL

(see Function Table)

Q1

Q2

C1

E1

8

9

C2

E2

11

10

12

14

7

Vcc

REF

GND



Absolute Maximum Ratings

Rating Symbol Value Unit

Power Supply Voltage VCC 40 V

Collector Output Voltage VC1, VC2 40 V

Collector Output Current (Each transistor) IC1, IC2 250 mA

Amplifier Input Voltage Range VIR -0.3 to +40 V

Power Dissipation @ TA≦45oC PD 1000 mW

Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient RΘJA 80 oC/W

Operating Junction Temperature TJ 125 oC

Storage Temperature Range Tstg -55 to +125 oC

Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA 0 to +70 oC

Derating Ambient Temperature TA 45 oC



Recommended Operating Conditions

Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

Power Supply Voltage VCC 7.0 15 40 V

Collector Output Voltage VC1,VC2 - 30 40 V

Collector Output Current (Each transistor) IC1,IC2 - - 200 mA

Amplified Input Voltage Vin -0.3 - VCC-2.0 V

Current Into Feedback Terminal Ifb - - 0.3 mA

Reference Output Current Iref - - 10 mA

Timing Resistor RT 1.8 30 500

kΩ

Timing Capacitor CT 0.0047 0.001 10 µF

Oscillator Frequency fOSC 1.0 40 200 kHz

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

Anachip Corp.

www.anachip.com.tw Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

3/9



Electrical Characteristics

(VCC=15V, CT=0.01µF, RT=12 KΩ, unless otherwise noted.) For typical values TA=25oC, for min/max values TA is the operating ambient

temperature range that applies, unless otherwise noted)

Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

REFERENCE SECTION

Reference Voltage (IO=1.0mA) Vref 4.85 5.0 5.15 V

Line Regulation (VCC=7.0 V to 40V) Regline - 2.0 25 mV

Load Regulation (IO=1.0mA to 20mA) Regload - 3.0 15 mV

Short Circuit Output Current (Iref=0 V) ISC 4.5 60 75 mA

OUTPUT SECTION

Collector Off-State Current (VCC=40V, VCE=40V) IC(off) - 2.0 100 µA

Emitter Off-State Current (VCC=40V, VC=40V, VE=0V) IE(off) - - -100 µA

Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage (Note 1)

Common-Emitter (VE=0V, IC=200mA)

Emitter-Follower (VC=15V, IE=-200mA)

Vsat(C)

Vsat(E)

-

1.1

1.5

2.5

V

Output Control Pin Current

Low State (VOC≤0.4V)

High State (VOC=Vref)

IOCL

IOCH

-

10

0.2

-

3.5

µA

mA

Output Voltage Rise Time

Common-Emitter (See Figure 4)

Emitter-Follower (See Figure 5)

tr

-

100

200

ns

Output Voltage Fall Time

Common-Emitter (See Figure 4)

Emitter-Follower (See Figure 5)

tf

-

25

40

100

ns

NOTE: 1. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction temperature as close to ambient temperature as

possible.

ERROR AMPLIFIER SECTION

Input Offset Voltage (VO (Pin 3)=2.5V) VIO - 2.0 10 mV

Input Offset Current (VO (Pin 3)=2.5V) IIO - 5.0 250 nA

Input Bias Current (VO (Pin 3)=2.5V) IIB - -0.1 -0.1 µA

Input Common Mode Voltage Range (VCC=40V, TA=25oC) VICR -0.3 to VCC-2.0 V

Open Loop Voltage Gain (ΔVO=3.0V, VO=0.5V to 3.5V, RL=2.0 k

Ω) AVOL 70 95 - dB

Unity-Gain Crossover Frequency (VO=0.5V to 3.5V, RL=2.0 kΩ) fC - 350 - kHz

Common Mode Rejection Ratio (VCC=40V) CMRR 64 90 - dB

Output Sink Current (VO (Pin 3)=0.7V) IO- 0.3 0.7 - mA

Output Source Current (VO (Pin 3)=3.5V) IO+ -10 -15 - mA

PWM COMPARATOR SECTION (Test Circuit Figure 1)

Input Threshold Voltage (Zero Duty Cycle) VTH - 4 4.5 V

Input Sink Current (V (Pin 3)=0.7V) II- 0.3 0.7 - mA

DEADTIME CONTROL SECTION (Test Circuit Figure 1)

Input Bias Current (Pin 4)(VPin4=0V to 5.25V) IIB(DT) - -2.0 -10 µA

Maximum Duty Cycle, Each Output, Push-Pull Mode

(VPin4=0V, CT=0.01µF, RT=12 kΩ)

DCmax

45

48

50

%

Input Threshold Voltage (Pin4)

(Zero Duty Cycle)

(Maximum Duty Cycle)

Vth

-

0

2.8

-

3.3

-

V

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

Anachip Corp.

www.anachip.com.tw Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

4/9



Electrical Characteristics(Continued)

(VCC=15V, CT=0.01µF, RT=12 KΩ, unless otherwise noted.) For typical values TA=25oC, for min/max values TA is the operating ambient

temperature range that applies, unless otherwise noted)

Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

OSCILLATOR SECTION

Frequency (CT=0.01µF,RT=12 kΩ) fOSC - 10 - kHz

Standard Deviation of Frequency* (CT=0.001µF, RT=30 kΩ) σfOSC - 3.0 - %

Frequency Change with Voltage (VCC=7.0V to 40V, TA=25oC) ΔfOSC (ΔV) - 0.1 - %

Frequency Change with Temperature (ΔTA=Tlow to Thigh)

(CT=0.01µF, RT=12 kΩ) ΔfOSC (ΔT) - - 12 %

TOTAL DEVICE

Standby Supply Current(Pin6 at Vref, All other inputs and outputs

open)

(VCC=15V)

(VCC=40V)

ICC

-

5.5

7.0

10

15

mA

Average Supply Current

(CT=0.01µF, RT=12 kΩ, V(Pin4)=2.0V)

(VCC=15V) (See Figure 4)

- 7.0 -

mA

*Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula,

σ =

()

1N

N

1n X

n

X2

−

∑

=−

Figure 1. PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

Vcc

12

Vcc=15V

150

2W

150

2W

ΩΩ

Output 1

Output 2

8

9

11

10

E2

C2

E1

C1

REF 14

7

GND

TEST CIRCUIT

50 K

Ω

13

15

16

2

1

5

6

3

4DTC

FEEDBACK

RT

CT

1 IN +

1 IN -

2 IN +

2 IN -

Error

Amplifiers

OUTPUT

CTRL

12 K

Ω

0.01 F

μ

Test

Inputs

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

Anachip Corp.

www.anachip.com.tw Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

5/9

Figure 2. OPERATIONAL TEST CIRCUIT AND WAVEFORMS

Voltage

at C1

Voltage

at C2

Voltage

at CT

DTC

0 V

0.7 V

FEEDBACK

Duty Cycle

MAX

0%

VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS

0%

Threshold Voltage

0 V

Vcc

Figure 3. AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS

+

-

V

In

+

-

V

ref

Other Amplifier

FEEDBACK

Error Amplifier Under Test

Figure 4. COMMON-EMITTER CONFIGURATION

68

2W

Ω

Output

C

L

=15 pF

(See Note A)

TEST CIRCUIT

15 V

Each Output

Circuit

NOTE A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM

10%

90%

10%

90%

t

f

t

r

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

Anachip Corp.

www.anachip.com.tw Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

6/9

Figure 5. EMITTER-FOLLOWER CONFIGURATION

68

2W

Ω

Output

C

L

=15 pF

(See Note A)

TEST CIRCUIT

15 V

Each Output

Circuit

NOTE A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM

90%

10%

90%

10%

t

f

t

r

Figure 6. Figure 7.

f

OSC

, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz) (K)

% DT, PERCENT DEADTIME (EACH OUTPUT)

Percent Deadtime versus Oscillator Frequency

0.1 110 100

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0.001

μ

F

100

AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION

vs FREQUENCY

f - Frequency - Hz

A - Amplifier Voltage Amplification - dB

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0110 100 1K 10K 100K 1M

V

CC

Δ

= 15V

Vo = 3V

T

A

= 25

o

C

Figure 8. Figure 9.

V

DT

, DEADTIME CONTROL VOLTAGE (IV)

Percent Duty versus Deadtime Control Voltage

% DC, PERCENT DUTY CUCLE (EACH OUTPUT)

10

20

30

40

50

0

0123

V

CC

=15V

V

OC

=Vref

1.C

T

=0.01uF

R

T

=10k

Ω

2.C

T

=0.001uF

R

T

=30k

Ω

0 100 200 300

I

E

, EMITTER CURRENT (mA)

VCE(sat), SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

Emitter-Follower Configuration Output

Saturation Voltage versus Emitter Current

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

Anachip Corp.

www.anachip.com.tw Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

7/9

Figure 10. Figure 11.

Common-Emitter Configuration Output

Saturation Voltage versus Collector Current

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0 100 200 300

I

C

, COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)

VCE(sat), SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

0

V

CC

, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (v)

ICC, SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

Standby Supply Current versus Supply

Voltage

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Figure 12.

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1 10 100 1000

R

T

, TIMING RESISTANCE (

Ω

)

fOSC, OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY(HZ)

0.1uF

0.01uF

CT=0.001uF

VCC=15V

Oscillator Frequency versus Timing

Resistance

(k)

500

0.5

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

Anachip Corp.

www.anachip.com.tw Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

8/9



Marking Information

( Top View )

PDIP/SOP

1

9

8

AC

AP494

YY WW

X X

Logo ID code

Year: "01" = 2001

"02" = 2002

Xth week: 01~52

~

16

Part No. Blank: normal

L: Lead Free Package



Package Dimension

(1) Package Type: SOP-16L

E

H

VIEW "A"

L

θ

0.015x45

o

C

7

o

(4X)

VIEW "A"

A

A1

D

B

e

7

o

(4X)

y

A2

Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches

Symbol Min. Nom. Max. Min. Nom. Max.

A 1.40 1.60 1.75 0.055 0.063 0.069

A1 0.10 - 0.25 0.040 - 0.010

A2 1.30 1.45 1.50 0.051 0.057 0.059

B 0.33 0.41 0.51 0.013 0.016 0.020

C 0.19 0.20 0.25 0.0075 0.008 0.0098

D 9.80 9.90 10.00 0.386 0.390 0.394

E 3.80 3.90 4.00 0.150 0.154 0.157

e - 1.27 - - 0.050 -

H 5.80 6.00 6.20 0.228 0.236 0.244

L 0.38 0.71 1.27 0.015 0.028 0.050

Θ 0 - 8 0 - 8

Voltage Mode PWM Controller

AP494

Anachip Corp.

www.anachip.com.tw Rev.A3 Feb 12, 2004

9/9



Package Information (Continued)

(2) Package Type: PDIP-16L

E1

D

7

O

(4X)

A

L

B2 BB1

e

D1

A2

15

O

(4X)

E1

eB

C

DETAIL A

E

0.005

R0.005

eB

DETAIL A

TOP E-PIN INDENT 0.079 inch

BOTTOM 3-PIN INDENT 0.118 inch

Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches

Symbol Min. Nom. Max. Min. Nom. Max.

A - - 4.57 - - 0.180

A1 0.38 - - 0.015 - -

A2 3.15 3.33 3.50 0.124 0.131 0.138

B 0.36 0.46 0.56 0.014 0.018 0.022

B1 1.14 1.27 1.52 0.045 0.050 0.060

B2 0.81 0.99 1.17 0.032 0.039 0.046

C 0.20 0.25 0.33 0.008 0.010 0.013

D 18.90 19.10 19.30 0.744 0.752 0.760

D1 0.56 0.69 0.76 0.022 0.027 0.030

E 7.62 - 8.26 0.3000 - 0.325

E1 6.15 6.35 6.55 0.242 0.250 0.258

e - 2.54 - - 0.100 -

L 2.92 - 3.81 0.115 - 0.150

eB 8.38 - 9.40 0.330 - 0.370