Product specification File under Integrated Philips Semiconductors November Circuits, ICO1 re 96 Philips Semiconductors Brushless Product specification DC motor drive TDA5240T circuit FEATURES .Full-wave commutation .Built-in (using push/pull .Optimum commutation .Built-in independent on motor type or motor loading flyback diodes .Three push-pull -0.85 outputs: A output current -built-in current limiter .Thermal protection .Soft slope outputs for low radiation. .Low current consumption .Tacho drivers at the output stages) without position sensors start-up circuit by adaptative base-drive output without extra sensor. .Comparator .Built-in for external multiplexer position generator combining (PG) signal internal FG and external PG signal on one pin for easy use with a controlling microprocessor .Linear .PG control of the output stages signal output. APPLICATIONS .General GENERAL purpose spindle driver ( e.g. VCR scanner motor). DESCRIPTION The TDA5240T is a bipolar integrated circuit used to drive brushless DC motors in full-wave mode. The device senses the rotor position using an EMF-sensing technique and is ideally suited as a drive circuit for VCR scanner motors. QUICK REFERENCE DATA Measured over full voltage and temperature SYMBOL ranges PARAMETER MIN. Vp supply voltage range (note 1) 4 IUM current limiting 0.6 Vo output voltage at 10 = 100 mA(Upper + Lower transistor) 18 0.85 1 0.93 1.05 Note 1. An unstabilized supply can be used; Transients of 2 V allowed with max slope 0.1 V/J.ls. 8 November 96 2/19 UNIT MAX. TYPo ~ Philips Product specification Semiconductors Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T ORDERING INFORMATION PACKAGE TYPE NUMBER NAME TDA5240T SO20L DESCRIPTION 20-pin small-outline; plastic Fig.1 November 96 Power derating curve 3119 VERSION SOT163AH17 Philips Product specification Semiconductors Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T BLOCK DIAGRAM r VP CAP-CPC , CTLIf'I . CAPST MOT1 CAPCDSI CAPCDM .. MOT2 CAPTII - I I PGOUTI . ,,1 ~I MOT3 PGFG '\' r' - IMOTO - L T PGlfr Fig.2 .GND2- Block diagram. . November 96 4/19 -tND1- J Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T PINNING SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION GND1 1 ground (0 V) motor supply return for output stages n.c. 2 not connected MOT2 3 driver output 2 n.c. 4 not connected VP 5 positive supply voltage PGIN 6 position generator: input from the position detector sensor to the position detector stage (optional) FGPG 7 FG/PG (open collector) GND2 8 ground supply return for control circuits PGOUT 9 position generator output of the position detector stage CAP-CDM 10 external capacitor connection for commutation delay timing CAP-CDS 11 external capacitor connection for commutation delay timing copy CAP-ST 12 external capacitor connection for start-up oscillator CAP-TI 13 external capacitor connection for timing CTL IN 14 non-inverting input of the control amplifier MOT0 15 input from the start point of the motor coils CAP-CPC 16 external capacitor for stability of control loop n.c. 17 not connected MOT3 18 driver output 3 n.c. 19 not connected MOT1 20 driver output 1 GND1 1 20 MOT1 n.c. 2 19 n.c. MOT2 3 18 MOT3 NC 4 17 n.c. VP 5 16 CAP-CPC PGIN 6 15 MOT0 FGPG 7 14 CTL IN GND2 8 13 CAP-TI PGOUT 9 12 10 11 CAP-CDM TDA5240T Fig. 3 Pin configuration November 96 5/19 CAP-ST CAP-CDS Philips Product specification Semiconductors Brushless FUNCTIONAL DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T DESCRIPTION The TDA5240T offers a sensorless drive and full-wave drive. three phase motor drive function. It is unique in its combination of sensorless motor The TDA5240T offers protected outputs capable of handling high currents and can be used with star or delta connected motors. It can easily be adapted for different motors and applications. The TDA5240T offers the following .Sensorless .Built-in commutation features: by using the motor EMF start-up circuit .Optimum commutation, .Built-in flyback diodes .Three phase full-wave .High independent of motor type or motor loading drive output current (0.85 A) .Outputs protected by current limiting and thermal protection .Low current consumption .Soft slope outputs for low radiation .Accurate frequency .Comparator .Built-in generator for external multiplexer by adaptive base-drive (FG) by using the motor EMF position generator combining of each output transistor (PG) signal internal FG and external PG signals on one pin for easy use with a controlling microprocessor .Linear LIMITING control of the output stages. VALUES In accordance with the Absolute Maximum PARAMETER SYMBOL . Rating System (IEC 134). MIN. 18 Vp supply voltage VI input Vo output voltage; Vo output voltage; VI input voltage; CAP-ST, CAP- TI, CAP-CD and CAP-DC I Ptot I total voltage; power -0.3 Vp + 0.5 PGOUT and PG/FG GND Vp MOTO, MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3 -1 Vp + VD all pins except Vp (VI < 8 V) UNIT MAX. 2.5 v v v v v see power dissipation derating curve ~ I Tamb I~ge operating temperature range ambient temperature range - November 96 6/19 -55 +150 -10 +70 c c Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T CHARACTERISTICS VP = 14.5 V "10%; Tamb = -10 C to 70 C, unless otherwise specified Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VP Supply voltage range note 1 4 - 18 V IP Input current range note 2 - 5.3 7 mA 130 140 150 C - TSD-30 - C Supply Thermal protection TSD Local temperature at temperature sensor causing shut-down DT Reduction in temperature before switch-on after shut-down MOT0 - CENTER TAP VI Input voltage range -0.5 - VP V II Input bias current 0.5 V<VI <VP-1.5 V -10 - - mA VCSW Comparator Switching Level note 3 20 30 40 mV DVCS Variations in comparator switching levels -3 0 +3 mV VH Comparator input hysteresis - 75 - mV MOT1, MOT2 AND MOT3 Voltage drop at 25 C IO = 100 mA - 0.93 1.05 V (Vout upper stage + Vout lower stage) IO = 500 mA - 1.65 1.9 V DVOL Variation in voltage between lower transistors in control mode; IO = 100 mA - - 150 mV DVOH Variation in voltage between upper transistors in control mode; IO = -100 mA - - 150 mV ILIM Current limiting 12 V/6.8W 0.6 0.85 1 A Tr Rise time switching output between 1.9 and 12.2 V IO = 250 mA 7 12 17 ms Tf Fall time switching output between 12.2 and 1.9 V IO = 250 mA 16 23 30 ms VDHF Diode forward voltage (DH) notes 4 and 5; see Fig. 2; IO = -500 mA - - 1.5 V VDLF Diode forward voltage (DL) notes 4 and 5; see Fig. 2; IO = 500 mA -1.5 - - V IDM Peak diode current note 5 - - 1 A 0 - VP V VDO CTL IN VCTLIN Input voltage range VCTLIN0 Offset voltage See Fig. 6 VCAPCPC v 1.1 V 0.7 - - V GTRAN Transfer gain CAP-CPC = 100 nF VCTLIN = 1.5V and VCTLIN = 3 V 4.5 5 5.5 V/V November 96 7/19 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit Symbol Parameter TDA5240T Conditions Min Typ Max Unit PG IN VI Input voltage range -0.3 - +5 V IB Input bias current - - 650 nA RI Input resistance 5 - 30 kW VCSW Comparator switching level 86 93 107 mV +/-VIAMP Comparator input hysteresis - 8 - mV - - 0.4 V - - VP V - 0.5 - ms 4 - 10 ms - - 0.4 V - - VP V - 0.5 - ms Ratio of FG frequency and commutation frequency - 1:2 - - d Duty factor - 50 - % tPL Pulse width LOW 5 7 15 ms PG OUT (open collector) VOL Output voltage LOW VOHmax Output voltage HIGH tTHL Transition time tPL Pulse width LOW IO = 1.6 mA HIGH-to-LOW; CL = 50 pF; RL = 10 kW FG/PG (open collector) VOL Output voltage LOW VOHmax Maximum output voltage HIGH tTHL Transition time IO =1.6 mA HIGH-to-LOW CL = 50 pF RL = 10 kW after a PG IN pulse CAP-ST II Output sink current 1.5 2.0 2.5 mA IO Output source current -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 mA VSWL Lower switching level - 0.20 - V VSWM Middle switching level - 0.30 - V VSWH Upper switching level - 2.20 - V II Output sink current 22 30 38 mA IOH Output source current HIGH -70 -63 -56 mA IOL Lower source current LOW -6.0 -5.3 -4.6 mA VSWL Lower switching level - 50 - mV VSWM Middle switching level - 0.30 - V VSWH Upper switching level - 2.20 - V II Output sink current 10.6 16.2 22 mA IO Output source current -5.3 -8.1 -11 mA II/IO Ratio of sink to source current 1.85 2.05 2.25 VIL Input voltage level LOW 780 860 940 mV VIH Input voltage level HIGH 2.3 2.4 2.55 V CAP-TI CAP-CDM November 96 8/19 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit Symbol Parameter TDA5240T Conditions Min Typ Max Unit CAP-CDS II Output sink current 10.1 15.5 20.9 A IO Output source current -20.9 -15.5 -10.1 A II/IO Ratio of sink to source current 0.9 1.025 1.15 VIL Input voltage level LOW 780 860 940 mV VIH Input voltage level HIGH 2.3 2.4 2.55 V II Output sink current 1 - 3 mA IO Output source current -100 - -30 CAP-CPC NOTES: 1. An unstabilized supply can be used; transients of 2 V allowed with max slope 0.1 V/ s. 2. All other inputs at 0 V; all outputs at VP and IO = 0 A. 3. Switching levels with respect to MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3. 4. Drivers are in high impedance OFF-state. 5. The outputs are short-circuit protected by limiting the current and the IC temperature. Fig. 4 Switching levels November 96 9/19 A Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T APPLICATION INFORMATION Introduction Figure 5 shows full-wave driving of a three phase motor requires three push-pull output stages. In each of the six possible states two outputs are active, one sourcing and one sinking current. The third output presents a high impedance to the motor which enables measurement of the motor EMF in the corresponding motor coil by the EMF comparator at each output. The commutation logic is responsible for control of the output transistors and selection of the correct EMF comparator. The zero-crossing in the motor EMF (detected by the comparator selected by the commutation logic) is used to calculate the correct moment for the next commutation, that is, the change to the next output state. The delay is calculated (depending on the motor loading) by the adaptive commutation delay block. Because of high inductive loading the output stages contain flyback diodes. The output stages are also protected by a current limiting circuit and by thermal protection of the six output transistors. The zero-crossings can be used to provide speed information such as the tacho signal FG. A VCR scanner also requires a PG phase sensor. This circuit has an interface for a simple pick-up coil. A multiplexer circuit is also provided to combine the FG and PG signals in time. The TDA5240 is providing 1 multiplexed FG PG signal: pin7 (SO20) FG-PG 3 times the number of pole pairs. A PG output signal is generated; pulse width is typically 7 s. Table 1 OUTPUT STATES STATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 MOT1 Z H H Z L L MOT2 L L Z H H Z MOT3 H Z L L Z H In Table 1, the sequence of the six possible states of the outputs has been depicted November 96 10/19 Philips Semiconductors Brushless Product specification DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T Fig.5 Typical application November 96 11/19 of the TDA5240T. Philips Product specification Semiconductors Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T Analog control of the motor output voltages is achieved by an internal operational amplifier fixed. Compensation of the motor pole is done by an external capacitor (CAP CPC). Both grounds GND1 and GND2 must be connected which tranfer gain is internally together. ADJUSTMENTS The system has been designed in such a way that the tolerances of the application the approximate values of the following components must still be determined: .The start capacitor; this determines the frequency are not critical. However, of the start oscillator .The two capacitors in the adaptive commutation delay circuit. These are important for commutation, depending on the type and loading of the motor ~ The timing capacitor; components in determining the optimum moment this provides the system with its timing signals (This deals with the application note AN94070) THE START CAPACITORS (CAP-ST) This capacitor determines the frequency of the start oscillator. It is charged and discharged, 0.05 to 2.2 V and back to 0.05 V. The time taken to complete one cycle is given by: tstart = (2.15 X C)s with a current of 2 ~A, from (with C in ~F) The start oscillator is reset by a commutation pulse and so is only active when the system is in the start-up mode. A pulse from the start oscillator will cause the outputs to change to the next state (torque in the motor) .If the movement of the motor generates enough EMF the TDA5240T will run the motor. If the amount of EMF generated is insufficient, then the motor will move one step only and will oscillate in its new position. The amplitude of the oscillation must decrease sufficiently before the arrival of the next start pulse, to prevent the pulse arriving during the wrong phase of the oscillation. The oscillation of the motor is given by: 1 'osc November 96 = x ( Kt x I x J )2 12/19 Philips Product specification Semiconductors Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T where: Kt = torque constant (N.m/A) I = current (A) p = number of magnetic pole-pairs J = inertia J (kg/m2) Example: J = 72 x 10---6kg/m2, K = 25 x 10-3 N.m/A, p = 6 and I = 0.5 A; this gives f osc = 5 Hz. If the damping then a start frequency of 2 Hz can be chosen or t = 500 ms, thus C = 0.5/2 = 0.25 ~F, (choose 220 nF). THE ADAPTIVE COMMUTATION DELAY (CAP-CDM is high AND CAP-CDS) In this circuit capacitor CAP-CDM is charged during one commutation period, with an interruption of the charging current during the diode pulse. During the next commutation period this capacitor (CAP-CDM) is discharged at twice the charging current. The charging current is 8.1 J.lA and the discharging current 16.2 J.lA ; the voltage range is from 0.9 to 2.2 V. The voltage must stay within this range at the lowest commutation frequency of interest, fc1 : 8.1 c= If the frequency 2.2 to 0.9 Vat -5 -~ iXT:3 is lower, then a constant commutation (C in nF) -fC1 delay after the zero-crossing is generated by the discharge from 16.2I1A. maximum delay = (0.076 x C) ms (witch C in nF) Example: nominal commutation frequency = 900 Hz and the lowest usable frequency = 400 Hz, so: CAP-CDM = ~= 15.6 (choose 18 nF) The other capacitor, CAP-CDS, is used to repeat the same delay by charging and discharging with 20 ~. The same value can be chosen as for CAP-CDM. Figure 7 illustrates typical voltage waveforms I ! ICOM COM I voltoge l\ I on CAP-DC I ~ I ZCR Fig.7 COM COM I COM I I rr\ i I I I ~ I I ICOM I rT\ I ~ I ZCR I I ZCR ZCR CAP-CDM and CAP-CDS voltage (ZCR=ZERO-CROSSING I ZCR 1 ZCR waveforms in normal ; COM=COMMUTATION) t~ running mode. THE TIMING CAPACITOR(CAP- TI) Capacitor CAP- TI is used for timing the successive steps within one commutation internal delays. . November 96 13/19 period; these steps include some Philips Semiconductors Brushless Product specification DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T The most important function is the watchdog time in which the motor EMF has to recover from a negative diode-pulse back to a positive EMF voltage (or vice versa). A watchdog timer is a guarding function that only becomes active when the expected event does not occur within a predetermined time. The EMF usually recovers within a short time if the motor is running normally ( ms ). However, motionless or rotating in the reverse direction, then the time can be longer ( ms ). if the motor is A watchdog time must be chosen so that it is long enough for a motor without EMF (still) and eddy currents that may stretch the voltage in a motor winding; however, it must be short enough to detect reverse rotation. If the watchdog time is made too long, then the motor may run in the wrong direction (with little torque). The capacitor is charged, with a current of 57 I1A, from 0.2 to 0.3 V. Above this level it is charged, with a current of 5 JlA, up to 2.2 V only if the selected motor EMF remains in the wrong polarity (watchdog function). At the end, or, if the motor voltage becomes positive, the capacitor is discharged with a current of 28 11A. The watchdog time is the time taken to charge the capacitor, with a current of 5 JlA, from 0.3 to 2.2 V. The value of CAP- TI is given by: = 2.63 tm (C in nF ; t in ms) Example: If after switching off, the voltage from a motor winding is reduced, in 3.5 ms, to within 20 mV (the offset of the EMF comparator), then the value of the required timing capacitor is given by: C = 2.63 x 3.5 = 9.2 (choose 10 nF) Typical voltage waveforms are illustrated by Fig. 8. voltoge on CAP- TI MKAI34 If the chosen value of CAP- TI is too small, then oscillations can occur in certain positions of a blocked rotor. If the chosen value is too large, then it is possible that the motor may run in the reverse direction (synchronously with little torque). Fig.8 Typical CAP- TI and VMOT1 voltage waveforms . November 96 14/19 in normal running mode. Philips Semiconductors Brushless Product specification DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T OTHER DESIGN ASPECTS There are other design aspects concerning .Generation .Built-in the application of the TDA5240T besides the commutation function. They are: of the tacho signal FG interface for a PG sensor. .Reliability . FG SIGNAL The FG signal is generated in the TDA5240T by using the zero-crossing of the motor EMF from the three motor windings. Every zero-crossing in a (star connected) motor winding is used to toggle the FG output signal. The FG frequency is therefore half the commutation frequency. All transitions indicate the detection of a zero-crossing (except for PG). The negative-going edges are called FG pulses because they generate an interrupt in a controlling microprocessor. The accuracy of the FG output signal Oitter) is very good. This accuracy depends on the symmetry electromagnetic construction, which also effects the satisfactory functioning of the motor itself. of the motor's Two FG frequencies are given out: 6 times the number of poles pairs or 3 times the number of poles pairs. A pull-up resistor must be connected to PGFG outputs Example: A three phase motor with 6 magnetic pole-pairs at 1500 rpm and with a full-wave frequency of 25 x 6 x 6 = 900 Hz, and generates a tacho signal of 450 Hz. drive has a commutation PG SIGNAL The accuracy of the PG signal in applications such as VCR must be high (phase information. This accuracy is obtained by combining the accurate FG signal with the PG signal by using a wide tolerance external PG sensor. The external PG signal (PGIN) is only used as an indicator to select a particular FG pulse. This pulse differs from the other FG pulses in that a ahort LOW-time of 15 ~s after a HIGH to LOW transition. All other FG pulses have a 50% duty factor (see Fig. 9). toleronce PG IN on PG IN vAv vAv MOT3 PG/FG~~~~ ~ Fig.9 Timing of the FG and PG signals RELIABILITY It is necessary to protect high current circuits and the output stages are protected in two ways: November 96 15/19 Philips Semiconductors Brushless Product specification DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T .Current limiting of the 'lower' output transistors. The 'upper' output transistors use the same base current as the conducting 'lower' transistor (+15%). This means that the current to and from the output stages is limited. .Thermal protection when the transistor November 96 of the six output transistors is achieved by each transistor having a thermal sensor that is active is switched on. The transistors are switched off when the local temperature becomes too high. 16/19 ~ Philips Semiconductors Brushless Product specification DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T PACKAGE OUTliNE 0.9 (4x) 0.4 IJ ~ D r-,OODP 20 11 1.1 ~ 1.0 pin1;B 2.45 0.3 2.25 0.1 2065 , 0.32 2035 - 0.23 ~ -,-J index 1.1 ..,\ 0.5* 10 ~ [] [] D IJ L D 0.49j 0.36 8 (20x) ~ Dimensions in mm Fig.10 November 96 20-pin small-outline; plastic (SO20L;SOT163A). 17/19 OtO8 MBC234 Philips Semiconductors Brushless Product specification DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T SOLDERING Introduction There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for printed-circuits with high population densities. In these situations reflow soldering is often used. This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. "IC Package Databook" (order code 9398 652 90011 ). Reflow ICs can be found in our soldering Reflow soldering . A more in-depth account of soldering techniques are suitable for all sa packages. Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement. Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example, thermal conduction by heated belt. Dwell times vary between 50 and 300 seconds depending on heating method. Typical reflow temperatures range from 215 to 250 C. Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 minutes at 45 C. Wave soldering Wave soldering .A techniques double-wave (a turbulent should be used. .The longitudinal .The package footprint can be used for all sa packages if the following wave with high upward pressure followed axis of the package footprint must incorporate conditions are observed: by a smooth laminar wave) soldering technique must be parallel to the solder flow- solder thieves at the downstream end. During placement and before soldering, the package must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. The package can be soldered after the adhesive is cured. Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 oC, and maximum duration of package immersion in solder is 10 seconds, if cooled to less than 150 oC within 6 seconds. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250 oC. A mildly-activated Repairing flux will eliminate soldered the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications. joints Fix the component by first soldering two diagonally- opposite end leads. Use only a low voltage soldering iron (less than 24 V) applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300 C. When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between 270 and 320 C. November 96 18/19 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5240T Data sheet status Data sheet status [1] Product status [2] Definitions Objective specification Development This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice. Preliminary specification Qualification This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible product. Product specification Production This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Changes will be communicated according to the Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN) procedure SNW-SQ-650A. [1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design. [2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. Definitions Short-form specification -- The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook. Limiting values definition -- Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information -- Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Disclaimers Life support -- These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application. Right to make changes -- Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified. Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 1996 All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Contact information For additional information please visit http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. Fax: +31 40 27 24825 Date of release: 11-96 For sales offices addresses send e-mail to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com. Document order number: yyyy mmm dd 1 9397 750 08756