General Description
The MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553 are quad, low-volt-
age, single-pole/single-throw (SPST) analog switches.
Each switch is protected against ±15kV electrostatic
discharge (ESD) shocks, without latchup or damage.
On-resistance (100Ωmax) is matched between switch-
es to 4Ωmax, and is flat (8Ωmax) over the specified
signal range. Each switch can handle Rail-to-Rail®ana-
log signals. The off-leakage current is only 1nA at
+25°C and 10nA at +85°C.
The MAX4551 has four normally closed (NC) switches,
and the MAX4552 has four normally open (NO) switch-
es. The MAX4553 has two NC and two NO switches.
These CMOS switches can operate with dual power
supplies ranging from ±2V to ±6V or a single supply
between +2V and +12V. They are fully specified for sin-
gle +2.7V operation.
All digital inputs have +0.8V and +2.4V logic thresh-
olds, ensuring TTL/CMOS-logic compatibility when
using ±5V or a single +5V supply.
________________________Applications
Battery-Operated Equipment
Data Acquisition
Test Equipment
Avionics
Audio Signal Routing
Networking
____________________________Features
♦±15kV ESD Protection per IEC 1000-4-2
♦+2V to +12V Single Supply
±2V to ±6V Dual Supplies
♦120ΩSignal Paths with ±5V Supplies
♦Low Power Consumption: <1µW
♦4 Separately Controlled SPST Switches
♦Rail-to-Rail Signal Handling
♦Pin-Compatible with Industry-Standard
DG211/DG212/DG213
♦TTL/CMOS-Compatible Inputs with Dual ±5V or
Single +5V Supply
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
19-1391; Rev 0; 10/98
Ordering Information
SWITCHES SHOWN FOR LOGIC "0" INPUT
QSOP/SO/DIP
MAX4552
LOGIC SWITCH
0
1OFF
ON
TOP VIEW
QSOP/SO/DIP
MAX4551
LOGIC SWITCH
0
1ON
OFF
QSOP/SO/DIP
MAX4553
LOGIC SWITCHES
1, 4
0
1OFF
ON
SWITCHES
2, 3
ON
OFF
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
IN2
COM2
NC2
V+
V-
NO1
COM1
IN1
MAX4553
N.C.
NC3
COM3
IN3
IN4
COM4
NO4
GND
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
IN2
COM2
NC2
V+
V-
NC1
COM1
IN1
MAX4551
N.C.
NC3
COM3
IN3
IN4
COM4
NC4
GND
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
IN2
COM2
NO2
V+
V-
NO1
COM1
IN1
MAX4552
N.C.
NO3
COM3
IN3
IN4
COM4
NO4
GND
N.C. = NOT CONNECTED
Pin Configurations/Functional Diagrams/Truth Tables
Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet.
*
Contact factory for dice specifications.
PART
MAX4551CEE
MAX4551CSE
MAX4551CPE 0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
16 QSOP
16 Narrow SO
16 Plastic DIP
MAX4551C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola, Ltd.
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800.
For small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769.
MAX4551EEE
MAX4551ESE -40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP
16 Narrow SO
MAX4551EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Dual Supplies
(V+ = +5V, ±10%, V- = -5V, ±10%, TA= TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.)
Note 1: Signals on NC_, NO_, COM_, or IN_ exceeding V+ or V- are clamped by internal diodes. Limit forward-diode current to
maximum current rating.
Voltages Referenced to GND
V+.....................................................................-0.3V to +13.0V
V-.....................................................................-13.0V to +0.3V
V+ to V-............................................................-0.3V to +13.0V
All Other Pins (Note 1)..........................(V- - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V)
Continuous Current into Any Terminal..............................±10mA
Peak Current into Any Terminal
(pulsed at 1ms,10% duty cycle)...................................±20mA
ESD per Method 3015.7 (IN_, COM_, V+, V-, GND) .......>2500V
IEC 1000-4-2 (NO_, NC_) ..................................................±15kV
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
QSOP (derate 9.52mW/°C above +70°C)....................762mW
Narrow SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C) ............696mW
Plastic DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C) ..........842mW
Operating Temperature Ranges
MAX455_C_E......................................................0°C to +70°C
MAX455_E_E ...................................................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec).............................+300°C
V+ = 5.5V, V- = -5.5V,
VCOM_ = ±4.5V
V+ = 5.5V, V- = -5.5V,
VCOM_ = ±4.5V, VNO_ = 4.5V
V+ = 5V, V- = -5V, VNO_
or VNC_ = +3V, 0, -3V
V+ = 5.5V, V- = -5.5V,
VCOM_ = 4.5V, VNO_ = ±4.5V
V+ = 5V, V- = -5V, VNO_
or VNC_ = ±3V, ICOM_ = 1mA
V+ = 5V, V- = -5V, VNO_
or VNC_ = ±3V, ICOM_ = 1mA
CONDITIONS
C, E
nAICOM_(ON)
COM_ On-Leakage Current
(Note 6) -20 20
-2 0.01 2
nAICOM_(OFF)
COM_ Off-Leakage Current
(Note 6) -10 10
nA
INO_(OFF),
INC_(OFF)
NO_, NC_ Off-Leakage Current
(Note 6) -1 0.01 1
VV- V+
VCOM_, VNO_,
VNC_
Analog Signal Range
(Note 3)
Ω
10
RFLAT(ON)
COM_ to NO_, COM_ to NC_
On-Resistance Flatness
(Note 5)
48
Ω
5
∆RON
COM_ to NO_, COM_ to NC_
On-Resistance Match Between
Channels (Note 4)
80 120 Ω
140
RON
COM_ to NO_, COM_ to NC_
On-Resistance 14
UNITS
MIN TYP MAX
(Note 2)
SYMBOLPARAMETER
C, E
+25°C
C, E
C, E
+25°C
+25°C
C, E
+25°C
C, E
+25°C
+25°C
TA
±
±
-1 0.01 1
C, E -10 10
ANALOG SWITCH
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Dual Supplies (continued)
(V+ = +5V, ±10%, V- = -5V, ±10%, TA= TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.)
Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk
(Note 8) VCT
C, EVIN_ = 0.8V or 2.4V µA-1 0.03 1IINH_, IINL_
IN_ Input Current Logic High
or Low
RL= 50Ω, CL= 15pF,
VN_ = 1VRMS, f = 100kHz,
Figure 5 +25°C < -90
+25°C 70 110
dB
Turn-On Time
CONDITIONS
C, E
tON
C, E
VCOM_ = ±3V, V+ = 5V,
V- = -5V, Figure 1
V1.6 0.8VIN_L
IN_ Input Logic Threshold Low V2.4 1.6VIN_H
IN_ Input Logic Threshold High
C, E 125 ns
+25°C 50 90
Turn-Off Time tOFF VCOM_ = ±3V, V+ = 5V,
V- = -5V, Figure 1 C, E 100 ns
Break-Before-Make Time Delay
(MAX4553 Only) tBBM VCOM_ = ±3V, V+ = 5V,
V- = -5V, Figure 2 +25°C 520 ns
Charge Injection (Note 3) Q CL= 1nF, VNO_ = 0, RS= 0,
Figure 3 +25°C 25pC
NO_, NC_ Off-Capacitance CN_(OFF) VNO_ = GND, f = 1MHz,
Figure 6 +25°C 3.5 pF
COM_ Off-Capacitance CCOM_(OFF) VCOM_ = GND, f = 1MHz,
Figure 6 +25°C 3 pF
COM_ On-Capacitance CCOM_(ON) VCOM_ = VNO_ = GND,
f = 1MHz, Figure 7 +25°C 10 pF
Off-Isolation (Note 7)
UNITS
MIN TYP MAX
(Note 2)
SYMBOLPARAMETER
VISO RL= 50Ω, CL= 15pF,
VN_ = 1VRMS, f = 100kHz,
Figure 4 +25°C < -90 dB
TA
Power-Supply Range V+, V- C, E ±2 ±6 V
+25°C -1 0.05 1
V+ Supply Current I+ V+ = 5.5V, all VIN_ = 0 or V+ C, E -1 1 µA
+25°C -1 0.05 1
V- Supply Current I- V- = -5.5V C, E -1 1 µA
+25°C ±8Contact Discharge IEC 1000-4-2 kV+25°C ±15
On NC_ and NO_ Pins
per IEC 801-2 Air Discharge IEC 1000-4-2 +25°C ±15Human Body Model +25°C ±2.5All Pins MIL-STD-883C Method 3015 kV
SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
LOGIC INPUT
ESD PROTECTION
POWER SUPPLY
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
+25°C
Charge Injection (Note 3)
(Note 3)
COM_ to NO_, COM_ to NC_
On-Resistance
Q
RON V+ = 5V, VCOM_ = 3.5V,
ICOM_ = 1mA C, E 180 Ω
CL= 1nF, VNO_ = 0, RS= 0,
Figure 3 +25°C 15
+25°C 26
pC
COM_ to NO_, COM_ to NC_
On-Resistance Match Between
Channels (Note 4)
CONDITIONS
C, E
∆RON V+ = 5V, VCOM_ = 3.5V,
ICOM_ = 1mA
115 160
V0V+
VCOM_, VNO_,
VNC_
Analog Signal Range
C, E 8 Ω
+25°C -1 0.01 1
C, E -10 10
NO_, NC_ Off-Leakage Current
(Notes 6, 9) INO_(OFF),
INC_(OFF) V+ = 5.5V; VCOM_ = 1V, 4.5V;
VN_ = 4.5V, 1V nA
+25°C -1 0.01 1
C, E -10 10
COM_ Off-Leakage Current
(Notes 6, 9) ICOM_(OFF) V+ = 5.5V; VCOM_ = 1V, 4.5V;
VN_ = 4.5V, 1V nA
+25°C -2 0.01 2
C, E, -20 20
COM_ On-Leakage Current
(Notes 6, 9) ICOM_(ON) V+ = 5.5V; VCOM_ = 4.5V, 1V nA
IN_ Input Logic Threshold High VIN_H C, E 2.4 1.6 V
IN_ Input Logic Threshold Low VIN_L C, E 1.6 0.8 V
UNITS
MIN TYP MAX
(Note 2)
SYMBOLPARAMETER
IN_ Input Current Logic High
or Low IINH_, IINL_ VIN_ = 0.8V or 2.4V C, E -1 1 µA
TA
+25°C 100 160
Turn-On Time tON VCOM_ = 3V, V+ = 5V,
Figure 1 C, E 170 ns
+25°C 80 140
Turn-Off Time tOFF VCOM_ = 3V, V+ = 5V,
Figure 1 C, E 150 ns
+25°C 530
Break-Before-Make Time Delay
(MAX4553 Only) tBBM VCOM_ = 3V, V+ = 5V,
Figure 2 ns
+25°C -1 0.05 1
V+ Supply Current I+ V+ = 5.5V, all VIN_ = 0 or V+ C, E -1 1 µA
+25°C ±8
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Single +5V Supply
(V+ = +5V, ±10%, V- = -5V, ±10%, TA= TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.)
Contact Discharge IEC 1000-4-2 kV
On NC_ and NO_ Pins
per IEC 801-2 Human Body Model +25°C ±15Air Discharge IEC 1000-4-2 +25°C ±15 kVAll Pins MIL-STD-883C Method 3015 +25°C ±2.5
ANALOG SWITCH
LOGIC INPUT
POWER SUPPLY
ESD PROTECTION
SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Note 2: The algebraic convention is used in this data sheet; the most negative value is shown in the minimum column.
Note 3: Guaranteed by design.
Note 4: ∆RON = ∆RON(MAX) - ∆RON(MIN).
Note 5: Resistance flatness is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum on-resistance values, as measured
over the specified analog signal range.
Note 6: Leakage parameters are 100% tested at maximum rated temperature, and guaranteed by correlation at TA= +25°C.
Note 7: Off-isolation = 20log10 [ VCOM_ / (VNC_ or VNO_) ], VCOM_ = output, VNC_ or VNO_ = input to off switch.
Note 8: Between any two switches.
Note 9: Leakage testing for single-supply operation is guaranteed by testing with dual supplies.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Single +3V Supply
(V+ = +2.7V to +3.6V, V- = 0, TA= TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.)
+25°C
Charge Injection
COM_ to NO_, COM_ to NC_
On-Resistance
Q
RON V+ = 2.7V, VCOM_ = 1.0V,
ICOM_ = 0.1mA C, E 500 Ω
IN_ Input Logic Threshold High VIN_H C, E 2.0 1.1 V
IN_ Input Logic Threshold Low
CONDITIONS
C, E
VIN_L
C
L
= 1nF, V
NO_
= 0, R
S
= 0,
Figure 3
+25°C
200 400
15pC
V0V+
VCOM_, VNO_,
VNC_
Analog Signal Range
(Note 3)
C, E 1.1 0.5 V
IN_ Input Current Logic High
or Low IINH_, IINL_ VIN_ = 0.8V or 2.4V C, E -1 0.03 1 µA
+25°C 190 350
Turn-On Time tON VCOM_ = 1.5V, V+ = 2.7V,
Figure 1 C, E 400 ns
+25°C 160 250
Turn-Off Time tOFF VCOM_ = 1.5V, V+ = 2.7V,
Figure 1 C, E 300 ns
+25°C 10 50
Break-Before-Make Time Delay
(MAX4553 Only) tBBM VCOM_ = 1.5V, V+ = 3.6V,
Figure 2 ns
+25°C -1 0.05 1
V+ Supply Current
UNITS
MIN TYP MAX
(Note 2)
SYMBOLPARAMETER
I+ V+ = 3.6V, all VIN_ = 0 or V+ C, E -1 1 µA
TA
SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS (Note 4)
POWER SUPPLY
+25°C ±8Contact Discharge IEC 1000-4-2 +25°C ±15
+25°C ±15Human Body Model
On NC_ and NO_ Pins
per IEC 801-2 kV
Air Discharge IEC 1000-4-2
+25°C ±2.5MIL-STD-883C Method 3015All Pins kV
LOGIC INPUT
SWITCH DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
POWER SUPPLY
ESD PROTECTION
ANALOG SWITCH
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Typical Operating Characteristics
(V+ = +5V, V- = -5V, GND = 0, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
60
100
80
70
90
110
120
130
-5 -3 -1-2-4 012345
ON-RESISTANCE
vs. VCOM (DUAL SUPPLIES)
MAX4551-01
VCOM (V)
RON (Ω)
V+ = +2V
V- = -2V
V+ = +3V
V- = -3V V+ = +4V
V- = -4V
V+ = +5V
V- = -5V
50
60
55
75
70
65
90
85
80
95
-6 -2-4 0246
ON-RESISTANCE
vs. VCOM AND TEMPERATURE
(DUAL SUPPLIES)
MAX4551-02
VCOM (V)
RON (Ω)
TA = +85°C
TA = +25°C
TA = 0°C
TA = -40°C
V+ = +5V
V- = -5V
80
120
100
160
140
180
200
0231 456
ON-RESISTANCE
vs. VCOM (SINGLE SUPPLY)
MAX4551-03
VCOM (V)
RON (Ω)
V+ = +3.3V
V+ = +5V
V+ = +2.7V
V- = 0
60
90
70
80
100
110
120
130
0.0 1.51.00.5 2.52.0 3.53.0 4.0 4.5 5.0
ON-RESISTANCE
vs. VCOM AND TEMPERATURE
(SINGLE SUPPLY)
MAX4551-04
VCOM (V)
RON (Ω)
TA = +25°C
TA = 0°C
TA = -40°C
TA = +85°C
V+ = +5V
V- = 0
0
40
20
60
120
160
140
100
80
200
180
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
SCR HOLDING CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4551-07
TEMPERATURE (°C)
HOLDING CURRENT (mA)
IH-
IH+
10n
0.1p -55 -25 0 25 75
ON- AND OFF-LEAKAGE CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
1p
1n
MAX4551-05
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LEAKAGE (A)
50 100 125
100p
10p
ON-LEAKAGE
OFF-LEAKAGE
-10
-6
-8
-2
-4
2
0
4
8
6
10
-5 -3 -2 -1-4 012 435
CHARGE INJECTION
vs. VCOM
MAX4551-06
VCOM (V)
Q (pC)
V+ = +5V
V- = 0
V+ = +5V
V- = -5V
30
90
50
70
110
130
150
170
1.0 2.52.01.5 3.53.0 4.54.0 5.0 5.5 6.0
TURN-ON/TURN-OFF TIME
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4551-08
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V+, V-)
tON , tOFF (ns)
tON
tOFF
40
50
45
55
70
80
75
65
60
90
85
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TURN-ON/TURN-OFF TIME
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4551-09
TEMPERATURE (°C)
tON, tOFF (ns)
tOFF
tON
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Pin Description
10
0.0001 -60 -20-40 20 60 10080
POWER-SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
MAX4551-10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
I+, I- (nA)
040
I-
I+
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4551-11
FREQUENCY (Hz)
THD (%)
1
0.001
0.01
0.1
1 1k 10k 100k10 100 2M
V+ = +5V
V- = -5V
600Ω IN and OUT
100m 500m
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-40
-50
-30
-20
0
-10
100k 1m 10m
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
MAX4551-12
FREQUENCY (Hz)
LOSS (dB)
INSERTION LOSS
OFF-ISOLATION
ON-PHASE
50Ω IN/OUT
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(V+ = +5V, V- = -5V, GND = 0, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
NAME FUNCTION
1, 16, 9, 8 IN1–IN4 Logic-Control Digital Inputs
2, 15, 10, 7 COM1–COM4 Analog Switch Common* Terminals
PIN
3, 14, 11, 6 NC1–NC4 Analog Switch Normally Closed Terminals
4 V- Negative Analog Supply-Voltage Input. Connect to GND for single-
supply operation.
1, 16, 9, 8
2, 15, 10, 7
—
13 V+ Positive Analog and Digital Supply Voltage Input. Internally con-
nected to substrate.
12 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected.
—
4
13
12
5
1, 16, 9, 8
2, 15, 10, 7
NO1–NO4
—
4
13
12
5
MAX4551 MAX4552 MAX4553
5 GND Ground. Connect to digital ground. (Analog signals have no ground
reference; they are limited to V+ and V-.)
Analog Switch Normally Open Terminals3, 14, 11, 6 —
—NO1, NO4 Analog Switch Normally Open Terminals— 3, 6
—NC2, NC3 Analog Switch Normally Closed Terminals— 14, 11
*NO_ (or NC_) and COM_ pins are identical and interchangeable. Either may be considered as an input or output; signals pass
equally well in either direction.
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Applications Information
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD Protection
The MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553 are ±15kV ESD-pro-
tected according to IEC 1000-4-2 at their NC/NO pins.
To accomplish this, bidirectional SCRs are included on-
chip between these pins and the GND pin. In normal
operation, these SCRs are off and have negligible
effect on the performance of the switches. When there
is an ESD strike at these pins, however, the voltages at
these pins go Beyond-the-Rails™ and cause the corre-
sponding SCR(s) to turn on in a few nanoseconds and
bypass the surge safely to ground. This method is
superior to using diode clamps to the supplies because
unless the supplies are very carefully decoupled
through low ESR capacitors, the ESD current through
the diode clamp could cause a significant spike in the
supplies. This may damage or compromise the reliabili-
ty of any other chip powered by those same supplies.
In the MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553, there are diodes
to the supplies in addition to the SCRs at the NC/NO
pins, but there is a resistance in series with these
diodes to limit the current into the supplies during an
ESD strike. The diodes are present to protect these
pins from overvoltages that are not as a result of ESD
strikes like those that may occur due to improper
power-supply sequencing.
Once the SCR turns on because of an ESD strike, it
continues to be on until the current through it falls
below its “holding current.” The holding current is typi-
cally 110mA in the positive direction (current flowing
into the NC/NO pin) and 95mA in the negative direction
at room temperature (see SCR Holding Current vs.
Temperature in the
Typical Operating Characteristics
).
The system should be designed such that any sources
connected to these pins are current limited to a value
below these to make sure the SCR turns off when the
ESD event gets over to resume normal operation. Also,
keep in mind that the holding current varies significant-
ly with temperature. At +85°C, which represents the
worst case, the holding currents drop to 70mA and
65mA in the positive and negative directions respec-
tively. Since these are typical numbers, to get guaran-
teed turn-off of the SCRs under all conditions, the
sources connected to these pins should be current lim-
ited to not more than half these values. When the SCR
is latched, the voltage across it is about ±3V, depend-
ing on the polarity of the pin current. The supply volt-
ages do not affect the holding currents appreciably.
The sources connected to the COM side of the switches
do not need to be current limited since the switches are
made to turn off internally when the corresponding
SCR(s) get latched.
Even though most of the ESD current flows to GND
through the SCRs, a small portion of it goes into the
supplies. Therefore, it is a good idea to bypass the
supply pins with 100nF capacitors directly to the
ground plane.
ESD protection can be tested in various ways. Trans-
mitter outputs and receiver inputs are characterized for
protection to the following:
• ±15kV using the Human Body Model
• ±8kV using the Contact Discharge method speci-
fied in IEC 1000-4-2 (formerly IEC 801-2)
• ±15kV using the Air-Gap Discharge method speci-
fied in IEC 1000-4-2 (formerly IEC 801-2).
ESD Test Conditions
Contact Maxim for a reliability report that documents
test setup, methodology, and results.
Human Body Model
Figure 8 shows the Human Body Model, and Figure 9
shows the current waveform it generates when dis-
charged into a low impedance. This model consists of
a 100pF capacitor charged to the ESD voltage of inter-
est, which is then discharged into the test device
through a 1.5kΩresistor.
IEC 1000-4-2
The IEC 1000-4-2 standard covers ESD testing and
performance of finished equipment; it does not specifi-
cally refer to integrated circuits. The MAX4551/MAX4552/
MAX4553 enable the design of equipment that meets
Level 4 (the highest level) of IEC 1000-4-2, without
additional ESD protection components.
The major difference between tests done using the
Human Body Model and IEC 1000-4-2 is higher peak
current in IEC 1000-4-2. Because series resistance is
lower in the IEC 1000-4-2 ESD test model (Figure 10),
the ESD withstand voltage measured to this standard
is generally lower than that measured using the
Human Body Model. Figure 11 shows the current
waveform for the ±8kV IEC 1000-4-2 Level 4 ESD
Contact Discharge test.
The Air-Gap test involves approaching the device with
a charged probe. The Contact Discharge method
connects the probe to the device before the probe is
energized.
Beyond-the-Rails is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
Power-Supply Considerations
Overview
The MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553 construction is typi-
cal of most CMOS analog switches. They have three
supply pins: V+, V-, and GND. V+ and V- are used to
drive the internal CMOS switches, and they set the lim-
its of the analog voltage on any switch. Reverse ESD-
protection diodes are internally connected between
each analog-signal pin and both V+ and V-. If any ana-
log signal exceeds V+ or V-, one of these diodes con-
ducts. During normal operation these reverse-biased
ESD diodes leak, forming the only current drawn from
V+ or V-.
Virtually all the analog leakage current is through the
ESD diodes. Although the ESD diodes on a given sig-
nal pin are identical and therefore fairly well balanced,
they are reverse biased differently. Each is biased by
either V+ or V- and the analog signal. This means their
leakages vary as the signal varies. The
difference
in the
two diode leakages from the signal path to the V+ and
V- pins constitutes the analog-signal-path leakage cur-
rent. All analog leakage current flows to the supply ter-
minals, not to the other switch terminal. This explains
how both sides of a given switch can show leakage
currents of the same or opposite polarity.
The analog signal paths consist of an N-channel and P-
channel MOSFET with their sources and drains paral-
leled, and their gates driven out of phase to V+ and V-
by the logic-level translators.
V+ and GND power the internal logic and logic-level
translators, and set the input logic thresholds. The
logic-level translators convert the logic levels to
switched V+ and V- signals, to drive the gates of the
analog switches. This drive signal is the only connec-
tion between the logic supplies and the analog sup-
plies. V+ and V- have ESD-protection diodes to GND.
The logic-level inputs and output have ESD protection
to V+ and to GND.
Increasing V- has no effect on the logic-level thresh-
olds, but it does increase the drive to the P-channel
switches, reducing their on-resistance. V- also sets the
negative limit of the analog signal voltage.
The logic-level thresholds are CMOS/TTL compatible
when V+ = +5V. The threshold increases slightly as V+
is raised, and when V+ reaches +12V, the level thresh-
old is about 3.1V. This is above the TTL output high-
level minimum of 2.8V, but still compatible with CMOS
outputs.
Bipolar Supplies
The MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553 operate with bipolar
supplies between ±2V and ±6V. The V+ and V- sup-
plies need not be symmetrical, but their sum cannot
exceed the absolute maximum rating of 13.0V. Do not
connect the MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553 V+ to +3V,
and then connect the logic-level-input pins to TTL
logic-level signals. TTL logic-level outputs in excess
of the absolute maximum ratings can damage the
part and/or external circuits.
Caution: The absolute maximum V+ to V- differential
voltage is 13.0V. Typical ±6V or 12V supplies with
±10% tolerances can be as high as 13.2V. This voltage
can damage the MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553. Even
±5% tolerance supplies may have overshoot or noise
spikes that exceed 13.0V.
Single Supply
The MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553 operate from a
single supply between +2V and +12V when V- is con-
nected to GND. All of the bipolar precautions must be
observed.
High-Frequency Performance
In 50Ωsystems, signal response is reasonably flat up
to 50MHz (see
Typical Operating Characteristics
).
Above 20MHz, the on-response has several minor
peaks that are highly layout-dependent. The problem
with high-frequency operation is not turning the switch
on, but turning it off. The off-state switch acts like a
capacitor and passes higher frequencies with less
attenuation. At 10MHz, off-isolation is about -52dB in
50Ωsystems, becoming worse (approximately 20dB
per decade) as frequency increases. Higher circuit
impedances also make off-isolation worse. Adjacent
channel attenuation is about 3dB above that of a bare
IC socket, and is due entirely to capacitive coupling.
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
VGEN GND
NC or
NO
CL
VOUT
-5V
V-
V+ VOUT
IN OFF ON OFF
∆VOUT
Q = (∆VOUT)(CL)
COM
IN DEPENDS ON SWITCH CONFIGURATION;
INPUT POLARITY DETERMINED BY SENSE OF SWITCH.
OFF ON OFF
IN
VIN = +3V
+5V
RGEN
IN
MAX4551
MAX4552
MAX4553
Figure 3. Charge Injection
tr < 20ns
tf < 20ns
50%
0V
LOGIC
INPUT
V-
-5V
RL
300Ω
NO
or NC
GND
CL INCLUDES FIXTURE AND STRAY CAPACITANCE.
VOUT = VCOM ( RL )
RL + RON
SWITCH
INPUT
IN, EN
+3V
tOFF
0V
COM
SWITCH
OUTPUT
0.9 · V0UT 0.9 · VOUT
tON
VOUT
SWITCH
OUTPUT
LOGIC
INPUT
LOGIC INPUT WAVEFORMS INVERTED FOR EN AND SWITCHES
THAT HAVE THE OPPOSITE LOGIC SENSE.
CL
35pF
+5V
V+
VOUT
VCOM
0V
MAX4551
MAX4552
MAX4553
50%
0.9 · V0UT1
+3V
0V
0V
LOGIC
INPUT
SWITCH
OUTPUT 2
(VOUT2)
0V
0.9 · VOUT2
tDtD
LOGIC
INPUT V-
-5V
RL2
GND
CL INCLUDES FIXTURE AND STRAY CAPACITANCE.
COM2
IN1, 2
COM1
VOUT2
V+
+5V
CL2
VCOM1
RL1
VOUT1
CL1
RL = 300Ω
CL = 35pF
NO
NC SWITCH
OUTPUT 1
(VOUT1)
MAX4553
VCOM2
Figure 1. Switching Time
Figure 2. Break-Before-Make Interval (MAX4553 only)
Test Circuits/Timing Diagrams
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Figure 5. Crosstalk
IN 0 or
2.4V
SIGNAL
GENERATOR 0dBm
+5V
10nF
ANALYZER NC
or NO
RLGND
COM
10nF
V-
V-
V+
MAX4551
MAX4552
MAX4553
SIGNAL
GENERATOR 0dBm
+5V
10nF
ANALYZER N02
RLGND
COM1
10nF
V-
V-
0V or 2.4V IN1
N01 50Ω
COM2
IN2 0 or 2.4V
NC
V+
MAX4551
MAX4552
MAX4553
Figure 4. Off-Isolation
Test Circuits/Timing Diagrams (continued)
CAPACITANCE
METER
NC
or NO
COM
GND 10nF
V-
V-
IN 0 or
2.4V
10nF +5V
f = 1MHz
V+
MAX4551
MAX4552
MAX4553
Figure 7. Channel On-Capacitance
CAPACITANCE
METER NC
or NO
COM
GND 10nF
V-
V-
IN 0 or
2.4V
10nF +5V
f = 1MHz
V+
MAX4551
MAX4552
MAX4553
Figure 6. Channel Off-Capacitance
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
CHARGE-CURRENT
LIMIT RESISTOR DISCHARGE
RESISTANCE
STORAGE
CAPACITOR
Cs
100pF
RC
1M RD
1500Ω
HIGH-
VOLTAGE
DC
SOURCE
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
IP 100%
90%
36.8%
tRL TIMEtDL
CURRENT WAVEFORM
PEAK-TO-PEAK RINGING
(NOT DRAWN TO SCALE)
Ir
10%
00
AMPERES
Figure 8. Human Body ESD Test Model Figure 9. Human Body Model Current Waveform
CHARGE-CURRENT
LIMIT RESISTOR DISCHARGE
RESISTANCE
STORAGE
CAPACITOR
Cs
150pF
RC
50M to 100M RD
330Ω
HIGH-
VOLTAGE
DC
SOURCE
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
Figure 10. IEC 1000-4-2 ESD Test Model
tr = 0.7ns to 1ns 30ns 60ns
t
100%
90%
10%
IPEAK
I
Figure 11. IEC 1000-4-2 ESD Generator Current Waveform
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Chip Topographies
COM3
IN3
IN4
COM4
NC2 NC3
V+
0.080"
(2.03mm)
0.061"
(1.55mm)
NC1 V- NC4
GND
COM2
IN2
IN1
COM1
MAX4551
COM3
IN3
IN4
COM4
NO2 NO3
V+
0.080"
(2.03mm)
0.061"
(1.55mm)
NO1 V- N04
GND
COM2
IN2
IN1
COM1
MAX4552
COM3
IN3
IN4
COM4
NC2 NC3
V+
0.080"
(2.03mm)
0.061"
(1.55mm)
NO1 V- N04
GND
COM2
IN2
IN1
COM1
MAX4553
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 126
SUBSTRATE CONNECTED
TO GND
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
*
Contact factory for dice specifications.
Ordering Information (continued)
Package Information
QSOP.EPS
PART
MAX4552CEE
MAX4552CSE
MAX4552CPE 0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
16 QSOP
16 Narrow SO
16 Plastic DIP
MAX4552C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX4552EEE
MAX4552ESE -40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP
16 Narrow SO
MAX4552EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP
MAX4553CEE
MAX4553CSE
MAX4553CPE 0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C 16 QSOP
16 Narrow SO
16 Plastic DIP
MAX4553C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX4553EEE
MAX4553ESE -40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP
16 Narrow SO
MAX4553EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Package Information (continued)
SOICN.EPS
MAX4551/MAX4552/MAX4553
±15kV ESD-Protected, Quad,
Low-Voltage, SPST Analog Switches
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
16
____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 1998 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
Package Information (continued)
PDIPN.EPS
