PA12 PA12A APEX MICROTECHNGOL OGY CORPORATION * APPLICATIONS HOTLINE 800 546 APEX (800 546-2/ 49} FEATURES LOW THERMAL RESISTANCE 1.4C/W * CURRENT FOLDOVER PROTECTION NEW HIGH TEMPERATURE VERSION PA12H @ EXCELLENT LINEARITY Class A/B Output WIDE SUPPLY RANGE +10V to +50V HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT Up to +15A Peak APPLICATIONS MOTOR, VALVE AND ACTUATOR CONTROL MAGNETIC DEFLECTION CIRCUITS UP TO 10A POWER TRANSDUCERS UP TO LOOkHz TEMPERATURE CONTROL UP TO 360W PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 90V AUDIO AMPLIFIERS UP TO 120W RMS DESCRIPTION The PA12 is a state of the art high voltage, very high output current operational amplifier designed to drive resistive, induc- tive and capacitive loads. The complementary darlington emitter follower output stage is protected against transient inductive kickback. For optimum linearity, especially at low levels, the output stage is biased for class A/B operation using a thermistor compensated base-emitter voltage multiplier circuit. The safe operating area (SOA) can be observed for all operating conditions by selection of user programmable cur- rent limiting resistors. For continuous operation under load, a heatsink of proper rating is recommended. This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes thick film (cermet) resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable inter- connections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The use of compressible isolation washers voids the warranty. EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC @ . . D1 of ) POWER RATING Not all vendors use the same method to rate the power handling capability of a Power Op Amp. APEX rates the internal dissipation, which is consistent with rating methods used by transistor manufacturers and gives conservative results. Rating delivered power is highly application depen- dent and therefore can be misleading. For example, the 125W internal dissipation rating of the PA12 could be expressed as an output rating of 250W for audio (sine wave) or as 440W if using a single ended DC load. Please note that all vendors rate maximum power using an infinite heatsink. THERMAL STABILITY APEX has eliminated the tendency of class A/B output stages toward thermal runaway and thus has vastly increased amplifier reliability. This feature, not found in most other Power Op Amps, was pioneered by APEX in 1981 using thermistors which assure a negative temperature coefficient in the quies- cent current. The reliability benefits of this added circuitry far outweigh the slight increase in component count. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * TELEPHONE 1520) 690-8606 * FAX (520) 888-3329 ORDERS (520) 690-8601 EMAIL ProdLit@TeamApex.com c93e 2A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PA1 2 PA 1 SPECIFICATIONS PA12/PA12A SUPPLY VOLTAGE. +Vs to Vs 100V ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OUTPUT CURRENT. within SOA 15A POWER DISSIPATION, internal 125W INPUT VOLTAGE, differential iV, -3V INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode Vs TEMPERATURE, pin solder -10s 300C TEMPERATURE, junction 200C -65 to +150C 55 to +125C TEMPERATURE RANGE. storage OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case SPECIFICATIONS PA12 PAI2A PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS 25 MIN TYP MAX | MIN TYP MAX | UNITS INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial Te = 25C t2 +6 +1 +3 mV OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature Full temperature range +10 +65 * +40 uVviC OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply T, = 25C +30 +200 . * HV OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. power To = 25C +20 * LVAW BIAS CURRENT, initial T, = 25C +12 +30 10 20 nA BIAS CURRENT, vs. temperature Full temperature range +50 +500 . . pA/C BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply T. = 25C 10 pA/v OFFSET CURRENT, initial T, = 25C +12 +30 +5 +10 nA OFFSET CURRENT, vs. temperature Full temperature range +50 . pArc INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC T. = 25C 200 * MQ INPUT CAPACITANCE Te = 25C 3 * pF COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE? | Full temperature range +V,5-5 | +V5-3 . * Vv COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC Full temp. range, Voy = tV5 ~6V 74 100 . * dB GAIN OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz T, = 25C, 1KQ load 110 * dB OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz Full temp. range, 82 load 96 108 . * dB GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT @ 1MHz Ty, = 25C, 82 load 4 * MHz POWER BANDWIDTH T, = 25C, 8 load 13 20 * * kHz PHASE MARGIN Full temp. range, 8Q load 20 * = OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING? = 25C, PAI2 = 10A.PA12A=15A | +V-6 * v VOLTAGE SWING? T, = 25C, lop = 5A +Vs55 * v VOLTAGE SWING? Full temp. range, |, = 80mMA 4V5-5 . v CURRENT, peak Ty = 25C 10 15 A SETTLING TIME to .1% To = 25C, 2V step 2 . ys SLEW RATE T. = 25C 2.5 4 . * Vius CAPACITIVE LOAD Full temperature range, Ay = 1 1.5 . ne CAPACITIVE LOAD Full temperature range, Ay > 10 SOA . POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE Full temperature range +10 +40 +45 . , +50 v CURRENT, quiescent T, = 25C 25 50 . * mA THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case* T, = -55 to +125C, F > 6OHZ 8 9 * * CW RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case T. = 55 to +125C 1.25 1.4 * . CAN RESISTANCE, junction to air Ty = 55 to +125C 30 , Cw TEMPERATURE RANGE, case Meets full range specification ~25 +85 55 +125 C NOTES: The specification of PA12A is identical to the specification for PA12 in applicable column to the left. 1. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. VAON The power supply voltage for all tests is +40, unless otherwise noted as a test condition. +V, and -V, denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Total V, is measured from +V; to Vs. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz. . Full temperature range specifications are guaranteed but not 100% tested. The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850C to avoid generating toxic fumes. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION + 598) NORTH SHANNON ROAD * TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 USA * APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: | (800) 546-2739 c94ens PERFORMANCE PA12 e PA12A POWER DERATING 25 BIAS CURRENT CURRENT LIMIT W) b o nN wn 2.2 % o ) a o Q o 1.9 2 5 N a 1.6 D 3 2 o PAI2| PA12A pb oa V, O=24 aoe Vv CURRENT LIMIT, Iii (A oon o uw ny a nN om INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P( NORMALIZED BIAS CURRENT, |, (X) e 0 4 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 -50-25. 0 25 50 75 100 125 CASE TEMPERATURE, T. (C) CASE TEMPERATURE. T; (C) CASE TEMPERATURE, Te (C) SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE PHASE RESPONSE POWER RESPONSE 420 0 100 ~ L#Vg 1 +1-Vg l= 100V fm 100 ~30 = 68 ZB = < a0 _ 60 wo 6 Zz 2 - 2 2 uw 32 = a @ 60 we g | #Vg 1~1-Vg 1 = BOV a oO F 22 S 40 <-120 3 9 z S15} | 4Vgl+1-Vg1=30V z 20 -150 5 w a 10 & o 0 ~180 B68 -20 -210 46 1 10 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M 1 10 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M 10K 20K 30K 50K 70K .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) ao COMMON MODE REJECTION PULSE RESPONSE ~ INPUT NOISE 2120 8 2100 c Vin = t5V, t, = 100ns z 3 100 = = 70 3 > >" 50 - 80 iw us 9 g 6 40 ui 60 5 = & 30 oc Oo 3 3 E a 6 40 > Ww 20 4 2 5 g 20 35 E = 5 = 0 & 10 8 1 10 100 1K 10K 1M 1M 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 = 19-100 1K 10K 1M FREQUENCY. F (Hz) TIME. t (ys) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) HARMONIC DISTORTION QUIESCENT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING | 1.6 Ss 6 Ay =10 > IL Vg = 37V _ 1.4 z 5 > Rp =4Q x 3 =, { | O14. a -V - 3 x 2 1.2 pa 0 L_"| J z= be oa 9 4 3 ws e wi I E t-_lpS 0 N 1.0 Fo YT : 5 a gl 8 = Q 8 03-5 < 3 a +Vo a os 9 Ww 2 01, 54 6 g V9 5 | | 003 4 o4 100 300 1K 3K 10K 30K 1M 4050 60 70 80 90 100 0 3 6 9. 12 415 FREQUENCY, F (Hz) TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, Vs (V) OUTPUT CURRENT, 19 (A) APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 * FAX (520) 888-3329 ORDERS (520) 690-8601 EMAIL ProdLit@ Team Apes.com c95PA12 PA12A OPERATING GENERAL Please read the General Operating Considerations section, which covers stability, supplies, heatsinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Addi- tional information can be found in the application notes. For information on the package outline, heatsinks, and mounting hardware, consuit the Accessory and Package Mechanical Data section of the handbook. SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA) The output stage of most power amplifiers has three distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the transistor geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The second breakdown effect which occurs whenever the simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage exceeds specified limits. 3. The junction temperature of the output transistors. 15 a . 10 Py o ey e SS May : 2, 5.0 3.0 2.0 1.6 1.0 7 5 & Sn 3 @ OUTPUT CURRENT FROM +V5 OR -Ve (A) 3 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 100 SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE V5 ~V5 (V) The SOA curves combine the effect of all limits for this Power Op Amp. For a given application, the direction and magnitude of the output current should be calculated or measured and checked against the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the foltowing guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts. 1. Capacitive and dynamic inductive loads up to the following maximum are safe with the current limits set as specified. CAPACITIVE LOAD INDUCTIVE LOAD +V, l= 5A |y=10A ty = 5A 1 = 10A 50V 200nF 125uF 5mH 2.0mH 40V 500nF 350uF 15mH 3.0mMH 35V 2.0mMF 850uF 50mH 5.0mMH 30V 7.0mF 2.5mF 150mH 10mH 25V 25mF 10mF 500mH 20mH 20V 60mF 20mF 1,000mH 30mH 15V 150mF 60mF 2,500mH 50mH "If the inductive toad is driven near steady state conditions, allowing the output voltage to drop more than 8V below the supply rail with Iq, = 15A or 25V below the supply rail with |, = 5A while the amplifier is current limiting, the inductor must be capacitively coupled or the current limit must be lowered ta meet SOA criteria. 2. The amplifier can handle any EMF generating or reactive load and short circuits to the supply rail or common if the current limits are set as follows at T, = 25C: CONSIDERATIONS SHORT TO +V, SHORT TO iV, C, L, OR EMF LOAD COMMON 50V 0A 2.4A 40V SBA 2.9A 35V .87A 3.7A 30V 1.5A 4.1A 25V 2.4A 4.94 20V 2.9A 6.3A 15V 4.28 8.0A These simplified limits may be exceeded with turther analysis using the operat- Ing conditions for a specific application. 3. The output stage is protected against transient flyback. How- ever, for protection against sustained, high energy flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used. CURRENT LIMITING To use standard current limiting, leave pin 7 open and proceed per General Operating Considerations section of the handbook, where initia! setting and variation with temperature are described. Foidover action is described in detail in Application Note 9. For certain applications, foldover protection allows for increased output current as the output of the Power Op Amp swings close to the supply rail. This function can be activated by connecting pin 7 directly or through a resistor to ground, and controlled by the following equation: .28V0 20 + Reo (1) Re, + .007** 65 + lum = Where: lw is the current limit, in Amps, at a given output voltage Vo. Reo is the current foldover resistor pin 7 to ground in KQ. Re, is the current limit resistor in Q. Vo is the instantaneous output voltage in V.* *The basic equation assumes V,, and the current carrying supply are of the same polarity. if these polarities differ, assign V. a negative value. ** 0079 = wire bond and pin resistance to R,_ connections. PROCEDURE 1. Select R,, to provide a safe current limit at Vo = 0: Fez (82) = (-65/lum) .007 (2) 2. Find the currentlimit for the maximum output voltage swing and pin 7 connected to ground/common: .28V5 20 (3) Rg, + .007 This is the highest current limit possible at maximum output. It may be decreased without affecting the short circuit current limit by putting a resistor in series with pin 7 to ground. 65 + luiw= The following equation can be used to calculate Rep (KQ) using a lower current limit: .28V, Rep = 2 lau (Rey + 007) .65 3. To calculate the current limit at any output voltage (V,), use equation one. If Vo is of opposite polarity to the current carrying supply, assign V, a negative value and check the calculated current against the SOA graph. ~20 (4) PAIZ2L REV K NOVEMBER 1994 C96 a3 1994 Apes Mucrtechnvlogy CarpAPEX MICROIECHNOLOGY CORPORATION Awa * APPLICATIONS HOTLINE BOO S46-APEK (BOO 546-2744) FEATURES LOW COST 200C VERSION OF PA12 OUTPUT CURRENT at 200C +1A FULL SPECIFICATIONS -25C to +125C WIDE SUPPLY RANGE +10 to +45V * CURRENT FOLDOVER PROTECTION EXCELLENT LINEARITY Class A/B Output APPLICATIONS MOTOR, VALVE AND ACTUATOR CONTROL POWER TRANSDUCERS UP TO 100kHz PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 80V TRANSMISSION LINE DRIVER DESCRIPTION The PA12H is a low cost, high temperature Power Op Amp made especially for short term use in extreme environmental situations such as down hole instrumentation. The amplifier can power mechanical or electronic transducers and can drive the long transmission lines associated with these applications. The PA12H, based on the standard PA12s very high power level, leaves a six watt capability after being derated for operation at a case temperature of 200C. To meet the high temperature requirements for up to 200 hours, polyimid has replaced the standard epoxy for attaching the small signal devices. the melting point of the power transistor attach solder is 264C. These hybrid integrated circuits utilize thick film conductors, ceramic capacitors and silicon semiconductors to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasoni- cally bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnec- tions at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3 package (see Package Outlines) is hermetically sealed and isolated. The use of compressible thermal washers and/or improper mounting torque will void the product warranty. Please see General Operating Considerations. EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC @ D1 Qi Al ct @) bd SPECIFICATIONS Specifications of the standard PA12 apply to the PA12H with the exception of the temperature range extensions 1. The operating and storage temperature ranges extend to +200C. 2. Static and dynamic tests are performed at +125C as shown in SG 2 and SG 5 of the military PA12M data sheet. 3. Additional tests at T, = 200C: A. Quiescent current = 100mA max at +V; = 45. B. Voltage swing = +V, -4 (lp = 1A, +V, = 15) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The primary aim of the PA12H is to provide a reasonable level of power output at a minimum cost. To achieve this end, full dynamic tests are performed up to 125C, with only minimal 100% testing at 200C. This approach saves nearly an order of magnitude over the cost of a fully tested long life product, but does require recognition of two limitations. First. input parameters such as voltage offset and bias current are not tested above 125C. This could lead to accu- racy problems if the PA12H is used as a precision computa- tional element. Solutions to this limitation include contacting the factory regarding additional testing at higher temperatures or using high temperature small signal amplifiers for computa- tional tasks. The second limitation of life span requires the PA12H to be used in short term applications. This requirement is mandated by the tow cost design concept. At 200C component degra- dation is nearly as severe during storage as during actual operation. This must be taken into account when scheduling actual implementation of the finished package. Please consult the PA12 data sheet for basic information on this amplifier; the PA12M data sheet for details on +125C tests, and Power Operational Amplifier handbook section General Operating Considerations, for recommendations on supplies, stability, heatsinks and bypassing. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS Cut PAIZHU REV G SEPTEMBER 1983 1993 Apex Microtechnobogs Corp c97APEX MICRUILCHNOLOGY CORPORATION APPLICATIONS HOTLINE 800 540-APEX PA12M (800-546 2739} SG PARAMETER SYMBOL | TEMP. [POWER] TEST CONDITIONS MIN MAX | UNITS 1 Quiescent current lg 25 +40V Vin = 0, Ay = 100. Re = 12 50 mA 1 Input offset voltage Vos 25C +40V Vin = 0, Ay = 100 +6 mV 4 Input offset voltage Vos 25C +10V Vi, = 0, A, = 100 112 mv 1 Input offset voltage Vos 25C +45V Vin = 0, A, = 100 +7 mV 1 fnput bias current, +iN tl, 25C +40V Vin =O +30 nA 1 Inout bias current,IN , 25C +40V VV, =0 +30 nA 1 Input offset current los 25C +40V Vy =0 +30 nA 3 Quiescent current lg -55C | +40V Vin, = 0, Ay = 100, Re, = .12 100 mA 3 Input offset voltage Vos ~55C | +40V Vy, = 0, A, = 100 +11.2 mV 3 Input offset voltage Vos -55C | +10V Vi, = 0, A, = 100 417.2 mV 3 Input offset voltage Vos -55C | +45V Vin = 0, Ay = 100 +12.2 mV 3 Input bias current, +1N tl, -55C | +40V Vy =O +115 nA 3 Input bias current,_{N ~\l,g -55C | +40V Vy, =9 #115 nA 3 Input offset current Jos ~65C |} +40V Vin= +115 nA 2 Quiescent current lo 125C | +40V Vin = 0, Ay = 100, Re, = 1 50 mA 2 tnput offset voltage Vos 125C | +40V Vin =O, A, = 100 +12.5 mV 2 Input offset voltage Vos 125C | +10V Vin =O, Ay = 100 +185 mV 2 tnput offset voltage Vos 125C | +45V Viy = 0, A, = 100 +13.5 mV 2 Input bias current, +IN +l, 125C | +40V Vin= +70 nA 2 Input bias current, -IN ls 125C | +40V Vy =O +70 nA 2 Input offset current los 125C | +40V Vin =O +70 nA 4 Qutput voltage, Ip = 10A Vo 25C +16V p= 12 10 Vv 4 Qutput voltage, |, = 8OmMA Vo 25C +45V R, = 50022 40 Vv 4 Output voltage, I, = 5A Vo 25C +35V R, = 6Q 30 Vv 4 Current limits lew 25C +14V R, = 6Q, Re, = 12 6 89 A 4 Stability/noise Ey 25C +40V R, = 500, A, = 1, C, = 1.5nF 1 mV 4 Slew rate SR 25C +40V R, = 5002 25 10 Vius 4 Qpen loop gain Aa. 25C +40V R, = 5002, F = 10Hz 96 dB 4 Common mode rejection CMR 25C +15V R, = 500Q, F = DC, Ve, = +9V 74 dB 6 Output voltage, |, = 8A Vo -55C | +14V R, = 1Q 8 Vv 6 Output voltage, |, = 8OMA Vo -55C | +45V R, = 5002 40 Vv 6 Stability/noise Ey -55C | +40V R, = 500Q, A, = 1, C, = 1.5nF 1 mV 6 Slew rate SR ~55C | +40V R, = 5002 25 10 Vips 6 Open loop gain Aa -55C | +40V R, = 500Q, F = 10Hz 96 dB 6 Common mode rejection CMR -55C | +15V R, = 500, F = DC, Vey = +9V 74 dB 5 Output voltage, I, = 8A Vo 125C | +14V R, = 12 8 Vv 5 Output voltage, Ip = BOMA Vo 125C | +45V R, = 5002 40 Vv 5 Stability/noise E,, 125C | +40V R, = 500Q, Ay = 1, C, = 1.5nF 1 mV 5 Slew rate SR 125C | +40V R, = 500Q2 2.5 10 Vis 5 Open loop gain Ao. 125C | +40V R, = 500Q, F = 10Hz 96 dB 5 Common mode rejection CMR 125C | +15V R, = 500, F = DC, Vou = +9V 74 dB BURN IN CIRCUIT 100KQ * These components are used to stabilize device due to poor high frequency characteristics of burn in board. +15V ae = 125C. ** Input signals are calculated to result in internal power dissipation of approximately 2.1W at case temperature C98 PA1DMU REV L MAY 1996 + 1996 Apex Microtechnology Corp