TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074D - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED MAY 2002 D D D D D D D D, DB, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply With 5% Tolerance Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization 1IN+ 1IN- FEEDBACK DTC CT RT GND C1 1 16 2 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 11 7 10 8 9 2IN+ 2IN- REF OUTPUT CTRL VCC C2 E2 E1 description The TL494 incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, this device offers the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application. The TL494 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V, 5%-precision regulator, and output-control circuits. The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from -0.3 V to VCC - 2 V. The dead-time control comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. The TL494 provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, which can be selected through the output-control function. The architecture of this device prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation. The TL494C is characterized for operation from 0C to 70C. The TL494I is characterized for operation from -40C to 85C. AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES TA SMALL OUTLINE (D) PLASTIC DIP (N) SMALL OUTLINE (NS) SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (DB) THIN SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (PW) 0C to 70C TL494CD TL494CN TL494CNS TL494CDB TL494CPW -40C to 85C TL494ID TL494IN -- -- -- The D, DB, NS, and PW packages are available taped and reeled. Add the suffix R to device type (e.g., TL494CDR). Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Copyright 2002, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074D - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED MAY 2002 FUNCTION TABLE INPUT TO OUTPUT CTRL VI = GND VI = Vref OUTPUT FUNCTION Single-ended or parallel output Normal push-pull operation functional block diagram OUTPUT CTRL (see Function Table) 13 RT 6 CT 5 Oscillator Q1 1D DTC 4 Dead-Time Control Comparator 0.1 V 1IN- 1 2 9 Q2 11 PWM Comparator 10 + 16 2IN- 15 - 2 3 C2 E2 12 VCC + Reference Regulator - 14 7 FEEDBACK E1 Pulse-Steering Flip-Flop Error Amplifier 2 2IN+ C1 C1 Error Amplifier 1 1IN+ 8 0.7 mA POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 REF GND TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074D - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED MAY 2002 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) Supply voltage, VCC (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 V Amplifier input voltage, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VCC + 0.3 V Collector output voltage, VO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 V Collector output current, IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 mA Package thermal impedance, JA (see Note 2 and 3): D package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73C/W DB package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82C/W N package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67C/W NS package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64C/W PW package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108C/W Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65C to 150C Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. All voltage values are with respect to the network ground terminal. 2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), JA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) - TA)/JA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150C can affect reliability. 3. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7. recommended operating conditions MIN VCC VI Supply voltage VO Collector output voltage Amplifier input voltage MAX UNIT 7 40 V -0.3 VCC-2 40 V V Collector output current (each transistor) 200 Current into feedback terminal 0.3 mA 1 300 kHz 0.47 10000 nF 1.8 500 k 0 70 -40 85 fosc CT Oscillator frequency RT Timing resistor TA Operating O erating free-air temperature tem erature Timing capacitor TL494C TL494I POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 mA C 3 TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074D - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED MAY 2002 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted) reference section TEST CONDITIONS PARAMETER Output voltage (REF) IO = 1 mA VCC = 7 V to 40 V Input regulation Output regulation TL494C, TL494I TYP MAX 4.75 5 5.25 2 25 1 15 mV 2 10 mV/V IO = 1 mA to 10 mA TA = MIN to MAX Output voltage change with temperature UNIT MIN REF = 0 V 25 Short-circuit output current For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25C. Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second. V mV mA oscillator section, CT = 0.01 F, RT = 12 k (see Figure 1) TEST CONDITIONS PARAMETER TL494, TL494I MIN TYP Frequency Standard deviation of frequency All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = MIN to MAX Frequency change with temperature# TA = 25C MAX UNIT 10 kHz 100 Hz/kHz 1 Hz/kHz 10 Hz/kHz For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25C. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: s + + N n 1 * X) N*1 (x n 2 # Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor are not taken into account. error-amplifier section (see Figure 2) TL494, TL494I PARAMETER Input offset voltage TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2 10 Input offset current VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 25 250 nA Input bias current VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 0.2 1 A Common-mode input voltage range VCC = 7 V to 40 V Open-loop voltage amplification VO = 3 V, RL = 2 k, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, Unity-gain bandwidth -0.3 to VCC-2 VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V RL = 2 k 70 mV V 95 dB 800 kHz 65 80 dB V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V 0.3 0.7 mA VID = 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 3.5 V All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25C. -2 Common-mode rejection ratio Output sink current (FEEDBACK) VO = 40 V, TA = 25C VID = -15 mV to -5 V, Output source current (FEEDBACK) 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 mA TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074D - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED MAY 2002 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted) output section PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Collector off-state current Emitter off-state current Collector emitter saturation voltage Collector-emitter Common emitter Emitter follower VCE = 40 V, VCC = VC = 40 V, VCC = 40 V VE = 0 VE = 0, VO(C1 or C2) = 15 V, IC = 200 mA IE = -200 mA MIN TYP 2 MAX UNIT 100 A -100 A 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.5 Output control input current VI = Vref All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. 3.5 V mA dead-time control section (see Figure 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Input bias current (DEAD-TIME CTRL) Maximum duty cycle, each output Input threshold voltage (DEAD-TIME (DEAD TIME CTRL) MIN VI = 0 to 5.25 V VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 0, CT = 0.01 F, RT = 12 k MAX UNIT -2 -10 A 45% Zero duty cycle Maximum duty cycle TYP 3 3.3 MIN TYP MAX 4 4.5 0.3 0.7 MIN TYP MAX 6 10 9 15 0 V All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. PWM comparator section (see Figure 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Input threshold voltage (FEEDBACK) Zero duty cycle Input sink current (FEEDBACK) V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V UNIT V mA All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. total device PARAMETER Standby supply current TEST CONDITIONS RT = Vreff, All other inputs and outputs open Average supply current VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 2 V, All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. VCC = 15 V VCC = 40 V See Figure 1 7.5 UNIT mA mA switching characteristics, TA = 25C PARAMETER Rise time Fall time Rise time Fall time TEST CONDITIONS Common emitter configuration, Common-emitter configuration See Figure 3 Emitter follower configuration, configuration Emitter-follower See Figure 4 MIN TYP MAX UNIT 100 200 ns 25 100 ns 100 200 ns 40 100 ns All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074D - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED MAY 2002 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 15 V 150 2W 12 4 Test Inputs 3 12 k 6 5 0.01 F 1 2 16 15 13 VCC C1 DTC FEEDBACK E1 RT C2 CT 1IN+ 1IN- 2IN+ E2 8 150 2W Output 1 9 11 Output 2 10 Error Amplifiers 2IN- OUTPUT CTRL REF 14 GND 50 k 7 TEST CIRCUIT VCC Voltage at C1 0V VCC Voltage at C2 0V Voltage at CT Threshold Voltage DTC 0V Threshold Voltage FEEDBACK 0.7 V Duty Cycle MAX 0% VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS Figure 1. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 0% TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074D - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED MAY 2002 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Amplifier Under Test + VI FEEDBACK - + Vref - Other Amplifier Figure 2. Amplifier Characteristics 15 V 68 2W Each Output Circuit tf Output tr 90% 90% CL = 15 pF (See Note A) 10% 10% TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance. Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration 15 V Each Output Circuit Output CL = 15 pF (See Note A) 90% 90% 68 2W 10% 10% tr TEST CIRCUIT tf OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance. Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7 TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074D - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED MAY 2002 f - Oscillator Frequency and Frequency Variation - Hz TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY VARIATION vs TIMING RESISTANCE 100 k VCC = 15 V TA = 25C 40 k -2% 0.001 F -1% 10 k 0.01 F 0% 4k 0.1 F 1k 400 Df = 1% 100 CT = 1 F 40 10 1k 4k 10 k 40 k 100 k 400 k 1M RT - Timing Resistance - Frequency variation (f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range. Figure 5 AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY A - Amplifier Voltage Amplification - dB 100 VCC = 15 V VO = 3 V TA = 25C 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10 k f - Frequency - Hz Figure 6 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 100 k 1M IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI's terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI's standard warranty. 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