LM4860M/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

LM4860

LM4860  Series 1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

Literature Number: SNAS096B

LM4860

Series 1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

General Description

The LM4860 is a bridge-connected audio power amplifier

capable of delivering 1W of continuous average power to an

8Ωload with less than 1% THD+N over the audio spectrum

from a 5V power supply.

Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to

provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of

external components using surface mount packaging. Since

the LM4860 does not require output coupling capacitors,

bootstrap capacitors or snubber networks, it is optimally

suited for low-power portable systems.

The LM4860 features an externally controlled, low-power

consumption shutdown mode, as well as an internal thermal

shutdown protection mechanism. It also includes two head-

phone control inputs and a headphone sense output for

external monitoring.

The unity-gain stable LM4860 can be configured by external

gain setting resistors for differential gains of up to 10 without

the use of external compensation components. Higher gains

may be achieved with suitable compensation.

Key Specifications

nTHD+N at 1W continuous average

output power into 8Ω: 1% (max)

nInstantaneous peak output power: >2W

nShutdown current: 0.6µA (typ)

Features

nNo output coupling capacitors, bootstrap capacitors, or

snubber circuits are necessary

nSmall Outline (SO) packaging

nCompatible with PC power supplies

nThermal shutdown protection circuitry

nUnity-gain stable

nExternal gain configuration capability

nTwo headphone control inputs and headphone sensing

output

Applications

nPersonal computers

nPortable consumer products

nCellular phones

nSelf-powered speakers

nToys and games

Typical Application Connection Diagram

Small Outline Package

01198802

Top View

Order Number LM4860M

See NS Package Number M16A

The Boomer®registered trademark is licensed to National Semiconductor for audio integrated circuits by Rockford Corporation.

Patents pending.

01198801

FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit

August 2000

LM4860 1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 2)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage 6.0V

Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C

Input Voltage −0.3V to V

0.3V

Power Dissipation Internally limited

ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) 3000V

ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 250V

Junction Temperature 150˚C

Soldering Information

Small Outline Package

Vapor Phase (60 sec.) 215˚C

Infrared (15 sec.) 220˚C

See AN-450 “Surface Mounting and their Effects on Product

Reliability” for other methods of soldering surface mount

devices.

Operating Ratings

Temperature Range

MIN

≤T

MAX

−20˚C ≤T

≤

+85˚C

Supply Voltage 2.7V ≤V

≤5.5V

Electrical Characteristics

(Notes 1, 2) The following specifications apply for V

= 5V, R

=8Ωunless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T

= 25˚C.

Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4860 Units

(Limits)

Typical Limit

(Note 6) (Note 7)

Supply Voltage 2.7 V (min)

5.5 V (max)

Quiescent Power Supply Current V

= 0V, I

= 0A (Note 8) 7.0 15.0 mA (max)

Shutdown Current V

pin2

(Note 9) 0.6 µA

Output Offset Voltage V

= 0V 5.0 50.0 mV (max)

Output Power THD+N = 1% (max);f=1kHz 1.15 1.0 W (min)

THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise P

= 1 Wrms; 20 Hz ≤f≤20 kHz 0.72 %

PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio V

= 4.9V to 5.1V 65 dB

Output Dropout Voltage V

=0Vto5V,V

=(V

−V

) 0.6 1.0 V (max)

HP-IN High Input Voltage HP-SENSE = 0V to 4V 2.5 V

HP-IN Low Input Voltage HP-SENSE = 4V to 0V 2.5 V

HP-SENSE High Output Voltage I

= 500 µA 2.8 2.5 V (min)

HP-SENSE Low Output Voltage I

= −500 µA 0.2 0.8 V (max)

Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pins, unless otherwise specified.

Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which

guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit

is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.

Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX,θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum

allowable power dissipation is PDMAX =(T

JMAX −T

A)/θJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4860, TJMAX =

+150˚C, and the typical junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, when board mounted, is 100˚C/W.

Note 4: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩresistor.

Note 5: Machine Model, 200 pF–240 pF discharged through all pins.

Note 6: Typicals are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm.

Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).

Note 8: The quiescent power supply current depends on the offset voltage when a practical load is connected to the amplifier.

Note 9: Shutdown current has a wide distribution. For Power Management sensitive designs, contact your local National Semiconductor Sales Office.

LM4860

www.national.com 2

High Gain Application Circuit

Single Ended Application Circuit

01198803

FIGURE 2. Stereo Amplifier with A

=20

01198804

*CSand CBsize depend on specific application requirements and constraints. Typical values of CSand CBare 0.1 µF.

**Pin 2, 6, or 7 should be connected to VDD to disable the amplifier or to GND to enable the amplifier. These pins should not be left floating.

***These components create a “dummy” load for pin 8 for stability purposes.

FIGURE 3. Single-Ended Amplifier with A

=−1

LM4860

www.national.com3

External Components Description

(Figures 1, 2)

Components Functional Description

1. R

Inverting input resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with R

. This resistor also

forms a high pass filter with C

at f

= 1/(2πR

2. C

Input coupling capacitor which blocks DC voltage at the amplifier’s input terminals. Also creates a

highpass filter with R

at f

= 1/(2πR

3. R

Feedback resistance which sets closed-loop gain in conjunction with R

4. C

Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Application Information

section for proper placement and selection of supply bypass capacitor.

5. C

Bypass pin capacitor which provides half supply filtering. Refer to Application Information section for

proper placement and selection of bypass capacitor.

6. C

(Note 10) Used when a differential gain of over 10 is desired. C

in conjunction with R

creates a low-pass filter

which bandwidth limits the amplifier and prevents high frequency oscillation bursts. f

= 1/(2πR

)

Note 10: Optional component dependent upon specific design requirements. Refer to the Application Information section for more in formation.

Typical Performance Characteristics

THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency

01198809 01198810

THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Output Power

01198811 01198812

LM4860

www.national.com 4

Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power

01198813 01198814

Supply Current vs Time

in Shutdown Mode

Supply Current vs

Supply Voltage

01198815 01198816

Power Derating Curve

LM4860 Noise Floor

vs Frequency

01198817 01198818

LM4860

www.national.com5

Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Supply Current Distribution

vs Temperature

Power Dissipation

vs Output Power

01198819 01198820

Output Power vs

Load Resistance

Output Power vs

Supply Voltage

01198821 01198822

Open Loop

Frequency Response

Power Supply

Rejection Ratio

01198823 01198824

LM4860

www.national.com 6

Application Information

BRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION

As shown in Figure 1, the LM4860 has two operational

amplifiers internally, allowing for a few different amplifier

configurations. The first amplifier’s gain is externally config-

urable, while the second amplifier is internally fixed in a

unity-gain, inverting configuration. The closed-loop gain of

the first amplifier is set by selecting the ratio of R

to R

while

the second amplifier’s gain is fixed by the two internal 40 kΩ

resistors. Figure 1 shows that the output of amplifier one

serves as the input to amplifier two which results in both

amplifiers producing signals identical in magnitude, but out

of phase 180˚. Consequently, the differential gain for the IC

is:

=2*(R

)

By driving the load differentially through outputs V

and

, an amplifier configuration commonly referred to as

“bridged mode” is established. Bridged mode operation is

different from the classical single-ended amplifier configura-

tion where one side of its load is connected to ground.

A bridge amplifier design has a few distinct advantages over

the single-ended configuration, as it provides differential

drive to the load, thus doubling output swing for a specified

supply voltage. Consequently, four times the output power is

possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the

same conditions. This increase in attainable output power

assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped. In

order to choose an amplifier’s closed-loop gain without caus-

ing excessive clipping which will damage high frequency

transducers used in loudspeaker systems, please refer to

the Audio Power Amplifier Deslgn section.

A bridge configuration, such as the one used in Boomer

Audio Power Amplifiers, also creates a second advantage

over single-ended amplifiers. Since the differential outputs,

and V

, are biased at half-supply, no net DC voltage

exists across the load. This eliminates the need for an output

coupling capacitor which is required in a single supply,

single-ended amplifier configuration. Without an output cou-

pling capacitor in a single supply single-ended amplifier, the

half-supply bias across the load would result in both in-

creased internal IC power dissipation and also permanent

loudspeaker damage. An output coupling capacitor forms a

high pass filter with the load requiring that a large value such

as 470 µF be used with an 8Ωload to preserve low fre-

quency response. This combination does not produce a flat

response down to 20 Hz, but does offer a compromise

between printed circuit board size and system cost, versus

low frequency response.

POWER DISSIPATION

Power dissipation is a major concern when designing a

successful amplifier, whether the amplifier is bridged or

single-ended. A direct consequence of the increased power

delivered to the load by a bridge amplifier is an increase in

internal power dissipation. Equation 1 states the maximum

power dissipation point for a bridge amplifier operating at a

given supply voltage and driving a specified output load.

DMAX

=4*(V

)

/(2π

(1)

Since the LM4860 has two operational amplifiers in one

package, the maximum internal power dissipation is 4 times

that of a single-ended amplifier. Even with this substantial

increase in power dissipation, the LM4860 does not require

heatsinking. From Equation 1, assuming a 5V power supply

and an 8Ωload, the maximum power dissipation point is 625

mW. The maximum power dissipation point obtained from

Equation 1 must not be greater than the power dissipation

that results from Equation 2:

DMAX

=(T

JMAX

−T

)/θ

(2)

For the LM4860 surface mount package, θ

= 100˚C/W and

JMAX

= 150˚C. Depending on the ambient temperature, T

of the system surroundings, Equation 2 can be used to find

the maximum internal power dissipation supported by the IC

packaging. If the result of Equation 1 is greater than that of

Equation 2, then either the supply voltage must be de-

creased or the load impedance increased. For the typical

application of a 5V power supply, with an 8Ωload, the

maximum ambient temperature possible without violating the

maximum junction temperature is approximately 88˚C, pro-

vided that device operation is around the maximum power

dissipation point. Power dissipation is a function of output

power and thus, if typical operation is not around the maxi-

mum power dissipation point, the ambient temperature can

be increased. Refer to the Typical Performance Charac-

teristics curves for power dissipation information for lower

output powers.

POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING

As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is

critical for low noise performance and high power supply

rejection. The capacitor location on both the bypass and

power supply pins should be as close to the device as

possible. As displayed in the Typical Performance Charac-

terIstIcs section, the effect of a larger half-supply bypass

capacitor is improved low frequency THD+N due to in-

creased half-supply stability. Typical applications employ a

5V regulator with 10 µF and a 0.1 µF bypass capacitors

which aid in supply stability, but do not eliminate the need for

bypassing the supply nodes of the LM4860. The selection of

bypass capacitors, especially C

, is thus dependant upon

desired low frequency THD+N, system cost, and size con-

straints.

SHUTDOWN FUNCTION

In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the

LM4860 contains a shutdown pin to externally turn off the

amplifier’s bias circuitry. The shutdown feature turns the

amplifier off when a logic high is placed on the shutdown pin.

Upon going into shutdown, the output is immediately discon-

nected from the speaker. There is a built-in threshold which

produces a drop in quiescent current to 500 µA typically. For

a 5V power supply, this threshold occurs when 2V–3V is

applied to the shutdown pin. A typical quiescent current of

0.6 µA results when the supply voltage is applied to the

shutdown pin. In many applications, a microcontroller or

microprocessor output is used to control the shutdown cir-

cuitry which provides a quick, smooth transition into shut-

down. Another solution is to use a single-pole, single-throw

switch that when closed, is connected to ground and enables

the amplifier. If the switch is open, then a soft pull-up resistor

of 47 kΩwill disable the LM4860. There are no soft pull-

down resistors inside the LM4860, so a definite shutdown

pin voltage must be appliied externally, or the internal logic

gate will be left floating which could disable the amplifier

unexpectedly.

HEADPHONE CONTROL INPUTS

The LM4860 possesses two headphone control inputs that

disable the amplifier and reduce I

to less than 1 mA when

either one or both of these inputs have a logic-high voltage

placed on their pins.

LM4860

www.national.com7

Application Information (Continued)

Unlike the shutdown function, the headphone control func-

tion does not provide the level of current conservation that is

required for battery powered systems. Since the quiescent

current resulting from the headphone control function is

1000 times more than the shutdown function, the residual

currents in the device may create a pop at the output when

coming out of the headphone control mode. The pop effect

may be eliminated by connecting the headphone sensing

output to the shutdown pin input as shown in Figure 4. This

solution will not only eliminate the output pop, but will also

utilize the full current conservation of the shutdown function

by reducing I

to 0.6 µA. The amplifier will then be fully

shutdown. This configuration also allows the designer to use

the control inputs as either two headphone control pins or a

headphone control pin and a shutdown pin where the lowest

level of current consumption is obtained from either function.

Figure 5 shows the implementation of the LM4860’s head-

phone control function using a single-supply headphone am-

plifier. The voltage divider of R1 and R2 sets the voltage at

the HP-IN1 pin to be approximately 50 mV when there are

no headphones plugged into the system. This logic-low volt-

age at the HP-IN1 pin enables the LM4860 to amplify AC

signals. Resistor R3 limits the amount of current flowing out

of the HP-IN1 pin when the voltage at that pin goes below

ground resulting from the music coming from the headphone

amplifier. The output coupling cap protects the headphones

by blocking the amplifier’s half-supply DC voltage. The ca-

pacitor also protects the headphone amplifier from the low

voltage set up by resistors R1 and R2 when there aren’t any

headphones plugged into the system. The tricky point to this

setup is that the AC output voltage of the headphone ampli-

fier cannot exceed the 2.0V HP-IN1 voltage threshold when

there aren’t any headphones plugged into the system, as-

suming that R1 and R2 are 100k and 1k, respectively. The

LM4860 may not be fully shutdown when this level is ex-

ceeded momentarily, due to the discharging time constant of

the bias-pin voltage. This time constant is established by the

two 50k resistors (in parallel) with the series bypass capaci-

tor value.

When a set of headphones are plugged into the system, the

contact pin of the headphone jack is disconnected from the

signal pin, interrupting the voltage divider set up by resistors

R1 and R2. Resistor R1 then pulls up the HP-IN1 pin,

enabling the headphone function and disabling the LM4860

amplifier. The headphone amplifier then drives the head-

phones, whose impedance is in parallel with resistor R2.

Since the typical impedance of headphones are 32Ω, resis-

tor R2 has negligible effect on the output drive capability.

Also shown in Figure 5 are the electrical connections for the

headphone jack and plug. A 3-wire plug consists of a Tip,

Ring, and Sleave, where the Tip and Ring are signal carrying

conductors and the Sleave is the common ground return.

One control pin contact for each headphone jack is sufficient

to indicate to control inputs that the user has inserted a plug

into a jack and that another mode of operation is desired.

For a system implementation where the headphone amplifier

is designed using a split supply, the output coupling cap, C

and resistor R2 of Figure 5, can be eliminated. The function-

ality described earlier remains the same, however.

In addition, the HP-SENSE pin, although it may be con-

nected to the SHUTDOWN pin as shown in Figure 4, may

still be used as a control flag. It is capable of driving the input

to another logic gate or approximately 2 mA without serious

01198807

FIGURE 4. HP-SENSE Pin to

SHUTDOWN Pin Connection

LM4860

www.national.com 8

Application Information (Continued)

HIGHER GAIN AUDIO AMPLIFIER

The LM4860 is unity-gain stable and requires no external

components besides gain-setting resistors, an input coupling

capacitor, and proper supply bypassing in the typical appli-

cation. However if a closed-loop differential gain of greater

than 10 is required, then a feedback capacitor is needed, as

shown in Figure 2, to bandwidth limit the amplifier. The

feedback capacitor creates a low pass filter that eliminates

unwanted high frequency oscillations. Care should be taken

when calculating the −3 dB frequency in that an incorrect

combination of R

and C

will cause rolloff before 20 kHz. A

typical combination of feedback resistor and capacitor that

will not produce audio band high frequency rolloff is R

100 kΩand C

= 5 pF. These components result in a −3 dB

point of approximately 320 kHz. Once the differential gain of

the amplifier has been calculated, a choice of R

will result,

and C

can then be calculated from the formula stated in the

External Components Description section.

VOICE-BAND AUDIO AMPLIFIER

Many applications, such as telephony, only require a voice-

band frequency response. Such an application usually re-

quires a flat frequency response from 300 Hz to 3.5 kHz. By

adjusting the component values of Figure 2, this common

application requirement can be implemented. The combina-

tion of R

and C

form a highpass filter while R

and C

form a

lowpass filter. Using the typical voice-band frequency range,

with a passband differential gain of approximately 100, the

following values of R

, and C

follow from the equa-

tions stated in the External Components Description sec-

tion.

=10kΩ,R

= 510k, C

= 0.22 µF, and C

=15pF

Five times away from a −3 dB point is 0.17 dB down from the

flatband response. With this selection of components, the

resulting −3 dB points, f

and f

, are 72 Hz and 20 kHz,

respectively, resulting in a flatband frequency response of

better than ±0.25 dB with a rolloff of 6 dB/octave outside of

the passband. If a steeper rolloff is required, other common

bandpass filtering techniques can be used to achieve higher

order filters.

SINGLE-ENDED AUDIO AMPLIFIER

Although the typical application for the LM4860 is a bridged

monoaural amp, it can also be used to drive a load single-

endedly in applications, such as PC cards, which require that

one side of the load is tied to ground. Figure 3 shows a

common single-ended application, where V

is used to

drive the speaker. This output is coupled through a 470 µF

capacitor, which blocks the half-supply DC bias that exists in

all single-supply amplifier configurations. This capacitor,

designated C

in Figure 3, in conjunction with R

, forms a

highpass filter. The −3 dB point of this highpass filter is

1/(2πR

), so care should be taken to make sure that the

product of R

and C

is large enough to pass low frequen-

cies to the load. When driving an 8Ωload, and if a full audio

spectrum reproduction is required, C

should be at least

470 µF. V

, the output that is not used, is connected

through a 0.1 µF capacitor to a 2 kΩload to prevent insta-

bility. While such an instability will not affect the waveform of

, it is good design practice to load the second output.

01198808

FIGURE 5. Typical Headphone Control Input Circuitry

LM4860

www.national.com9

Application Information (Continued)

AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN

Design a 500 mW/8ΩAudio Amplifier

Given:

Power Output: 500 mWrms

Load Impedance: 8Ω

Input Level: 1 Vrms(max)

Input Impedance: 20 kΩ

Bandwidth: 20 Hz-20 kHz ±0.25 dB

A designer must first determine the needed supply rail to

obtain the specified output power. Calculating the required

supply rail involves knowing two parameters, V

opeak

and also

the dropout voltage. The latter is typically 0.7V. V

opeak

can

be determined from equation 3.

For 500 mW of output power into an 8Ωload, the required

opeak

is 2.83V. A minimum supply rail of 3.53V results from

adding V

opeak

and V

. But 3.53V is not a standard voltage

that exists in many applications and for this reason, a supply

rail of 5V is designated. Extra supply voltage creates dy-

namic headroom that allows the LM4860 to reproduce peaks

in excess of 500 mW without clipping the signal. At this time,

the designer must make sure that the power supply choice

along with the output impedance does not violate the condi-

tions explained in the Power Dissipation section.

Once the power dissipation equations have been addressed,

the required differential gain can be determined from Equa-

tion 4.

From equation 4, the minimum A

is: A

Since the desired input impedance was 20 kΩ, and with an

of 2, a ratio of 1:1 of R

to R

results in an allocation of R

=20kΩ. Since the A

was less than 10, a feedback

capacitor is not needed. The final design step is to address

the bandwidth requirements which must be stated as a pair

of −3 dB frequency points. Five times away from a −3 dB

point is 0.17 dB down from passband response which is

better than the required ±0.25 dB specified. This fact results

in a low and high frequency pole of 4 Hz and 100 kHz

respectively. As stated in the External Components sec-

tion, R

in conjunction with C

create a highpass filter.

≥1/(2π*20kΩ* 4 Hz) = 1.98 µF; use 2.2 µF.

The high frequency pole is determined by the product of the

desired high frequency pole, f

, and the differential gain, A

With a A

= 2 and f

= 100 kHz, the resulting GBWP =

100 kHz which is much smaller than the LM4860 GBWP of

7 MHz. This figure displays that if a designer has a need to

design an amplifier with a higher differential gain, the

LM4860 can still be used without running into bandwidth

problems.

LM4860

www.national.com 10

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

Small Outline Package (M)

Order Number LM4860M

NS Package Number M16A

National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves

the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.

LIFE SUPPORT POLICY

NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS

WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

CORPORATION. As used herein:

1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems

which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or

(b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when

properly used in accordance with instructions for use

provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result

in a significant injury to the user.

2. A critical component is any component of a life support

device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably

expected to cause the failure of the life support device or

system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.

BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE

National Semiconductor certifies that the products and packing materials meet the provisions of the Customer Products Stewardship

Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification (CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ‘‘Banned

Substances’’ as defined in CSP-9-111S2.

National Semiconductor

Americas Customer

Support Center

Email: new.feedback@nsc.com

Tel: 1-800-272-9959

National Semiconductor

Europe Customer Support Center

Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86

Email: europe.support@nsc.com

Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208

English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171

Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790

National Semiconductor

Asia Pacific Customer

Support Center

Email: ap.support@nsc.com

National Semiconductor

Japan Customer Support Center

Fax: 81-3-5639-7507

Email: jpn.feedback@nsc.com

Tel: 81-3-5639-7560

www.national.com

LM4860 1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements,

and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should

obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are

sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.

TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard

warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where

mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.

TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and

applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide

adequate design and operating safeguards.

TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right,

or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information

published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a

warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual

property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI.

Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied

by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive

business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional

restrictions.

Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all

express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not

responsible or liable for any such statements.

TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the TI product would reasonably

be expected to cause severe personal injury or death, unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing

such use. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and

acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products

and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be

provided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in

such safety-critical applications.

TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are

specifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic."Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military

specifications. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at

the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use.

TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are

designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 16949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated

products in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements.

Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:

Products Applications

Audio www.ti.com/audio Communications and Telecom www.ti.com/communications

Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Computers and Peripherals www.ti.com/computers

Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps

DLP®Products www.dlp.com Energy and Lighting www.ti.com/energy

DSP dsp.ti.com Industrial www.ti.com/industrial

Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Medical www.ti.com/medical

Interface interface.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security

Logic logic.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense

Power Mgmt power.ti.com Transportation and Automotive www.ti.com/automotive

Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video

RFID www.ti-rfid.com

OMAP Mobile Processors www.ti.com/omap

Wireless Connectivity www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity

TI E2E Community Home Page e2e.ti.com

Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265