LMC6042
LMC6042 CMOS Dual Micropower Operational Amplifier
Literature Number: SNOS611C
LMC6042
CMOS Dual Micropower Operational Amplifier
General Description
Ultra-low power consumption and low input-leakage current
are the hallmarks of the LMC6042. Providing input currents
of only 2 fA typical, the LMC6042 can operate from a single
supply, has output swing extending to each supply rail, and
an input voltage range that includes ground.
The LMC6042 is ideal for use in systems requiring ultra-low
power consumption. In addition, the insensitivity to latch-up,
high output drive, and output swing to ground without requir-
ing external pull-down resistors make it ideal for single-
supply battery-powered systems.
Other applications for the LMC6042 include bar code reader
amplifiers, magnetic and electric field detectors, and hand-
held electrometers.
This device is built with National’s advanced Double-Poly
Silicon-Gate CMOS process.
See the LMC6041 for a single, and the LMC6044 for a quad
amplifier with these features.
Features
nLow supply current: 10 µA/Amp (typ)
nOperates from 4.5V to 15V single supply
nUltra low input current: 2 fA (typ)
nRail-to-rail output swing
nInput common-mode range includes ground
Applications
nBattery monitoring and power conditioning
nPhotodiode and infrared detector preamplifier
nSilicon based transducer systems
nHand-held analytic instruments
npH probe buffer amplifier
nFire and smoke detection systems
nCharge amplifier for piezoelectric transducers
Connection Diagram
8-Pin DIP/SO
01113701
Low-Power Two-Op-Amp Instrumental Amplifier
01113713
August 2000
LMC6042 CMOS Dual Micropower Operational Amplifier
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS011137 www.national.com
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Differential Input Voltage ±Supply Voltage
Supply Voltage (V
+
−V
−
) 16V
Output Short Circuit to V
+
(Note 12)
Output Short Circuit to V
−
(Note 2)
Lead Temperature
(Soldering, 10 seconds) 260˚C
Current at Input Pin ±5mA
Current at Output Pin ±18 mA
Current at Power Supply Pin 35 mA
Power Dissipation (Note 3)
Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C
Junction Temperature (Note 3) 110˚C
ESD Tolerance (Note 4) 500V
Voltage at Input/Output Pin (V
+
) + 0.3V, (V
−
)−
0.3V
Operating Ratings
Temperature Range
LMC6042AI, LMC6042I −40˚C ≤T
J
≤
+85˚C
Supply Voltage 4.5V ≤V
+
≤15.5V
Power Dissipation (Note 10)
Thermal Resistance (θ
JA
), (Note 11)
8-Pin DIP 101˚C/W
8-Pin SO 165˚C/W
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise spec ified, all limits guaranteed for T
A
=T
J
= 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V
+
=
5V, V
−
= 0V, V
CM
= 1.5V, V
O
=V
+
/2 and R
L
>1M unless otherwise specified.
Typical LMC6042AI LMC6042I Units
Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 5) Limit Limit (Limit)
(Note 6) (Note 6)
V
OS
Input Offset Voltage 1 3 6 mV
3.3 6.3 Max
TCV
OS
Input Offset Voltage 1.3 µV/˚C
Average Drift
I
B
Input Bias Current 0.002 44pA (Max)
I
OS
Input Offset Current 0.001 22pA (Max)
R
IN
Input Resistance >10 TeraΩ
CMRR Common Mode 0V ≤V
CM
≤12.0V 75 68 62 dB
Rejection Ratio V
+
= 15V 66 60 Min
+PSRR Positive Power Supply 5V ≤V
+
≤15V 75 68 62 dB
Rejection Ratio V
O
= 2.5V 66 60 Min
−PSRR Negative Power Supply 0V ≤V
−
≤−10V 94 84 74 dB
Rejection Ratio V
O
= 2.5V 83 73 Min
CMR Input Common-Mode V
+
= 5V and 15V −0.4 −0.1 −0.1 V
Voltage Range For CMRR ≥50 dB 00Max
V
+
−1.9V V
+
− 2.3V V
+
− 2.3V V
V
+
− 2.5V V
+
− 2.4V Min
A
V
Large Signal R
L
= 100 kΩ(Note 7) Sourcing 1000 400 300 V/mV
Voltage Gain 300 200 Min
Sinking 500 180 90 V/mV
120 70 Min
R
L
=25kΩ(Note 7) Sourcing 1000 200 100 V/mV
160 80 Min
Sinking 250 100 50 V/mV
60 40 Min
LMC6042
www.national.com 2
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Unless otherwise spec ified, all limits guaranteed for T
A
=T
J
= 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V
+
=
5V, V
−
= 0V, V
CM
= 1.5V, V
O
=V
+
/2 and R
L
>1M unless otherwise specified.
Typical LMC6042AI LMC6042I Units
Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 5) Limit Limit (Limit)
(Note 6) (Note 6)
V
O
Output Swing V
+
= 5V 4.987 4.970 4.940 V
R
L
= 100 kΩto V
+
/2 4.950 4.910 Min
0.004 0.030 0.060 V
0.050 0.090 Max
V
+
= 5V 4.980 4.920 4.870 V
R
L
=25kΩto V
+
/2 4.870 4.820 Min
0.010 0.080 0.130 V
0.130 0.180 Max
V
+
= 15V 14.970 14.920 14.880 V
R
L
= 100 kΩto V
+
/2 14.880 14.820 Min
0.007 0.030 0.060 V
0.050 0.090 Max
V
+
= 15V 14.950 14.900 14.850 V
R
L
=25kΩto V
+
/2 14.850 14.800 Min
0.022 0.100 0.150 V
0.150 0.200 Max
I
SC
Output Current Sourcing, V
O
=0V 221613mA
V
+
=5V 10 8 Min
Sinking, V
O
=5V 211613mA
88Min
I
SC
Output Current Sourcing, V
O
=0V 401515mA
V
+
= 15V 10 10 Min
Sinking, V
O
= 13V 39 24 21 mA
(Note 12) 88Min
I
S
Supply Current Both Amplifiers 20 34 45 µA
V
O
= 1.5V 39 50 Max
Both Amplifiers 26 44 56 µA
V
+
= 15V 51 65 Max
AC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for T
A
=T
J
= 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V
+
=
5V, V
−
= 0V, V
CM
= 1.5V, V
O
=V
+
/2 and R
L
>1M unless otherwise specified.
Typ LMC6042AI LMC6042I Units
Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 5) Limit Limit (Limit)
(Note 6) (Note 6)
SR Slew Rate (Note 8) 0.02 0.015 0.010 V/µs
0.010 0.007 Min
GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product 100 kHz
φ
m
Phase Margin 60 Deg
Amp-to-Amp Isolation (Note 9) 115 dB
e
n
Input-Referred
Voltage Noise
f = 1 kHz 83
i
n
Input-Referred
Current Noise
f = 1 kHz 0.0002
LMC6042
www.national.com3
AC Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for T
A
=T
J
= 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V
+
=
5V, V
−
= 0V, V
CM
= 1.5V, V
O
=V
+
/2 and R
L
>1M unless otherwise specified.
Typ LMC6042AI LMC6042I Units
Symbol Parameter Conditions (Note 5) Limit Limit (Limit)
(Note 6) (Note 6)
T.H.D. Total Harmonic Distortion f = 1 kHz, A
V
=−5
R
L
= 100 kΩ,V
O
=2V
PP
0.01 %
±5V Supply
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Conditions indicate conditions for which the device
is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed.
Note 2: Applies to both single-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the maximum allowed
junction temperature of 110˚C. Output currents in excess of ±30 mA over long term may adversely affect reliability.
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(Max),θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD=(T
J(Max)
−T
A)/θJA.
Note 4: Human body model, 1.5 kΩin series with 100 pF.
Note 5: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm.
Note 6: All limits are guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) or at operating temperature extremes (bold face type).
Note 7: V+= 15V, VCM = 7.5V and RLconnected to 7.5V. For Sourcing tests, 7.5V ≤VO≤11.5V. For Sinking tests, 2.5V ≤VO≤7.5V.
Note 8: V+= 15V. Connected as Voltage Follower with 10V step input. Number specified is the slower of the positive and negative slew rates.
Note 9: Input referred V+= 15V and RL= 100 kΩconnected to V+/2. Each amp excited in turn with 100 Hz to produce VO=12V
PP.
Note 10: For operating at elevated temperatures the device must be derated based on the thermal resistance θJA with PD=(T
J−T
A)/θJA.
Note 11: All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board.
Note 12: Do not connect output to V+when V+is greater than 13V or reliability may be adversely affected.
Typical Performance Characteristics
V
S
=±7.5V, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise specified
Supply Current vs
Supply Voltage
Offset Voltage vs
Temperature of Five
Representative Units
01113719 01113720
LMC6042
www.national.com 4
Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
=±7.5V, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise specified (Continued)
Input Bias Current
vs Temperature
Input Bias Current
vs Input Common-Mode
Voltage
01113721 01113722
Input Bias Current
Voltage Range
vs Temperature
Output Characteristics
Current Sinking
01113723
01113724
Output Characteristics
Current Sourcing
Input Voltage Noise
vs Frequency
01113725 01113726
LMC6042
www.national.com5
Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
=±7.5V, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise specified (Continued)
Crosstalk Rejection
vs Frequency CMRR vs Frequency
01113727 01113728
CMRR vs Temperature
Power Supply Rejection
Ratio vs Frequency
01113729 01113730
Open-Loop Voltage
Gain vs Temperature
Open-Loop
Frequency Response
01113731 01113732
LMC6042
www.national.com 6
Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
=±7.5V, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise specified (Continued)
Gain and Phase
Responses vs
Load Capacitance
Gain and Phase
Response vs
Temperature
01113733 01113734
Gain Error
(V
OS
vs V
OUT
)
Common-Mode Error vs
Common-Mode Voltage of
3 Representative Units
01113735 01113736
Non-Inverting Slew
Rate vs Temperature
Inverting Slew Rate
vs Temperature
01113737 01113738
LMC6042
www.national.com7
Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
=±7.5V, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise specified (Continued)
Non-Inverting Large
Signal Pulse Response
(A
V
= +1)
Non-Inverting Small
Signal Pulse Response
01113739 01113740
Inverting Large-Signal
Pulse Response
Inverting Small Signal
Pulse Response
01113741 01113742
Stability vs Capacitive Load Stability vs Capacitive Load
01113743 01113744
LMC6042
www.national.com 8
Applications Hints
AMPLIFIER TOPOLOGY
The LMC6042 incorporates a novel op-amp design topology
that enables it to maintain rail-to-rail output swing even when
driving a large load. Instead of relying on a push-pull unity
gain output buffer stage, the output stage is taken directly
from the internal integrator, which provides both low output
impedance and large gain. Special feed-forward compensa-
tion design techniques are incorporated to maintain stability
over a wider range of operating conditions than traditional
micropower op-amps. These features make the LMC6042
both easier to design with, and provide higher speed than
products typically found in this ultra-low power class.
COMPENSATING FOR INPUT CAPACITANCE
It is quite common to use large values of feedback resis-
tance with amplifiers with ultra-low input curent, like the
LMC6042.
Although the LMC6042 is highly stable over a wide range of
operating conditions, certain precautions must be met to
achieve the desired pulse response when a large feedback
resistor is used. Large feedback resistors and even small
values of input capacitance, due to transducers, photo-
diodes, and circuit board parasitics, reduce phase margins.
When high input impedances are demanded, guarding of the
LMC6042 is suggested. Guarding input lines will not only
reduce leakage, but lowers stray input capacitance as well.
(See Printed-Circuit-Board Layout for High Impedance
Work).
The effect of input capacitance can be compensated for by
adding a capacitor. Place a capacitor, C
f
, around the feed-
back resistor (as in Figure 1 ) such that:
or
R1 C
IN
≤R2 C
f
Since it is often difficult to know the exact value of C
IN
,C
f
can
be experimentally adjusted so that the desired pulse re-
sponse is achieved. Refer to the LMC660 and the LMC662
for a more detailed discussion on compensating for input
capacitance.
CAPACITIVE LOAD TOLERANCE
Direct capacitive loading will reduce the phase margin of
many op-amps. A pole in the feedback loop is created by the
combination of the op-amp’s output impedance and the ca-
pacitive load. This pole induces phase lag at the unity-gain
crossover frequency of the amplifier resulting in either an
oscillatory or underdamped pulse response. With a few ex-
ternal components, op amps can easily indirectly drive ca-
pacitive loads, as shown in Figure 2.
In the circuit of Figure 2, R1 and C1 serve to counteract the
loss of phase margin by feeding the high frequency compo-
nent of the output signal back to the amplifier’s inverting
input, thereby preserving phase margin in the overall feed-
back loop.
Capacitive load driving capability is enhanced by using a
pull up resistor to V
+
(Figure 3). Typically a pull up resistor
conducting 10 µA or more will significantly improve capaci-
tive load responses. The value of the pull up resistor must be
determined based on the current sinking capability of the
amplifier with respect to the desired output swing. Open loop
gain of the amplifier can also be affected by the pull up
resistor (see Electrical Characteristics).
PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT FOR
HIGH-IMPEDANCE WORK
It is generally recognized that any circuit which must operate
with less than 1000 pA of leakage current requires special
layout of the PC board. When one wishes to take advantage
of the ultra-low bias current of the LMC6042, typically less
than 2 fA, it is essential to have an excellent layout. Fortu-
nately, the techniques of obtaining low leakages are quite
01113705
FIGURE 1. Cancelling the Effect of Input Capacitance
01113706
FIGURE 2. LMC6042 Noninverting Gain of 10 Amplifier,
Compensated to Handle Capacitive Loads
01113718
FIGURE 3. Compensating for Large
Capacitive Loads with a Pull Up Resistor
LMC6042
www.national.com9
Applications Hints (Continued)
simple. First, the user must not ignore the surface leakage of
the PC board, even though it may sometimes appear accept-
ably low, because under conditions of high humidity or dust
or contamination, the surface leakage will be appreciable.
To minimize the effect of any surface leakage, lay out a ring
of foil completely surrounding the LMC6042’s inputs and the
terminals of capacitors, diodes, conductors, resistors, relay
terminals etc. connected to the op-amp’s inputs, as in Figure
4. To have a significant effect, guard rings should be placed
on both the top and bottom of the PC board. This PC foil
must then be connected to a voltage which is at the same
voltage as the amplifier inputs, since no leakage current can
flow between two points at the same potential. For example,
a PC board trace-to-pad resistance of 10
12
Ω, which is nor-
mally considered a very large resistance, could leak 5 pA if
the trace were a 5V bus adjacent to the pad of the input. This
would cause a 100 times degradation from the LMC6042’s
actual performance. However, if a guard ring is held within 5
mV of the inputs, then even a resistance of 10
11
Ωwould
cause only 0.05 pA of leakage current. See Figure 5 for
typical connections of guard rings for standard op-amp con-
figurations.
01113707
FIGURE 4. Example of Guard Ring
in P.C. Board Layout
01113708
Inverting Amplifier
01113710
Non-Inverting Amplifier
01113709
Follower
FIGURE 5. Typical Connections of Guard Rings
LMC6042
www.national.com 10
Applications Hints (Continued)
The designer should be aware that when it is inappropriate
to lay out a PC board for the sake of just a few circuits, there
is another technique which is even better than a guard ring
on a PC board: Don’t insert the amplifier’s input pin into the
board at all, but bend it up in the air and use only air as an
insulator. Air is an excellent insulator. In this case you may
have to forego some of the advantages of PC board con-
struction, but the advantages are sometimes well worth the
effort of using point-to-point up-in-the-air wiring. See Figure
6.
Typical Single-Supply Applications
(V
+
= 5.0 V
DC
)
The extremely high input impedance, and low power con-
sumption, of the LMC6042 make it ideal for applications that
require battery-powered instrumentation amplifiers. Ex-
amples of these types of applications are hand-held pH
probes, analytic medical instruments, magnetic field detec-
tors, gas detectors, and silicon based pressure transducers.
The circuit in Figure 7 is recommended for applications
where the common-mode input range is relatively low and
the differential gain will be in the range of 10 to 1000. This
two op-amp instrumentation amplifier features an indepen-
dent adjustment of the gain and common-mode rejection
trim, and a total quiescent supply current of less than 20 µA.
To maintain ultra-high input impedance, it is advisable to use
ground rings and consider PC board layout an important part
of the overall system design (see Printed-Circuit-Board Lay-
out for High Impedance Work). Referring to Figure 7, the
input voltages are represented as a common-mode input
V
CM
plus a differential input V
D
.
Rejection of the common-mode component of the input is
accomplished by making the ratio of R1/R2 equal to R3/R4.
So that where,
A suggested design guideline is to minimize the difference of
value between R1 through R4. This will often result in im-
proved resistor tempco, amplifier gain, and CMRR over tem-
perature. If RN = R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 then the gain equation
can be simplified:
Due to the “zero-in, zero-out” performance of the LMC6042,
and output swing rail-rail, the dynamic range is only limited to
the input common-mode range of 0V to V
S
− 2.3V, worst
case at room temperature. This feature of the LMC6042
makes it an ideal choice for low-power instrumentation sys-
tems.
A complete instrumentation amplifier designed for a gain of
100 is shown in Figure 8. Provisions have been made for low
sensitivity trimming of CMRR and gain.
01113711
(Input pins are lifted out of PC board and soldered directly to components.
All other pins connected to PC board.)
FIGURE 6. Air Wiring
01113712
FIGURE 7. Two Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier
LMC6042
www.national.com11
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
+
= 5.0 V
DC
) (Continued)
01113713
FIGURE 8. Low-Power Two-Op-Amp
Instrumentation Amplifier
01113714
FIGURE 9. Low-Leakage Sample and Hold
01113715
FIGURE 10. Instrumentation Amplifier
LMC6042
www.national.com 12
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
+
= 5.0 V
DC
) (Continued)
Ordering Information
Package
Temperature
Transport
Media
Range NSC
Industrial Drawing
−40˚C to +85˚C
8-Pin LMC6042AIM, LMC6042AIMX M08A Rail
Small Outline LMC6042IM, LMC6042IMX Tape and Reel
8-Pin LMC6042AIN N08E Rail
Molded DIP LMC6042IN
01113716
FIGURE 11. 1 Hz Square Wave Oscillator
01113717
FIGURE 12. AC Coupled Power Amplifier
LMC6042
www.national.com13
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
unless otherwise noted
8-Pin Small Outline Package
Order Number LMC6042AIM, LMC6042AIMX, LMC6042IM or LMC6042IMX
NS Package Number M08A
8-Pin Molded Dual-In-Line Package
Order Number LMC6042AIN or LMC6042IN
NS Package Number N08E
LMC6042
www.national.com 14
Notes
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves
the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR
CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems
which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or
(b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when
properly used in accordance with instructions for use
provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result
in a significant injury to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life support
device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably
expected to cause the failure of the life support device or
system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
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National Semiconductor certifies that the products and packing materials meet the provisions of the Customer Products Stewardship
Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification (CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ‘‘Banned
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www.national.com
LMC6042 CMOS Dual Micropower Operational Amplifier
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