High-Performance 8-Bit Microcontrollers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification PS022825-0908 Copyright (c)2008 by Zilog(R), Inc. All rights reserved. www.zilog.com Warning: DO NOT USE IN LIFE SUPPORT LIFE SUPPORT POLICY ZILOG'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF ZILOG CORPORATION. As used herein Life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Document Disclaimer (c)2008 by Zilog, Inc. All rights reserved. Information in this publication concerning the devices, applications, or technology described is intended to suggest possible uses and may be superseded. ZILOG, INC. DOES NOT ASSUME LIABILITY FOR OR PROVIDE A REPRESENTATION OF ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION, DEVICES, OR TECHNOLOGY DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT. Z I L O G A L S O D O E S N O T A S S U M E L I A B I L I T Y F O R I N T E L L E C T U A L P R O P E RT Y INFRINGEMENT RELATED IN ANY MANNER TO USE OF INFORMATION, DEVICES, OR TECHNOLOGY DESCRIBED HEREIN OR OTHERWISE. The information contained within this document has been verified according to the general principles of electrical and mechanical engineering. Z8, Z8 Encore!, and Z8 Encore! XP are registered trademarks of Zilog, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. PS022825-0908 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification iii Revision History Each instance in Revision History reflects a change to this document from its previous revision. For more details, refer to the corresponding pages and appropriate links in the table below. Date PS022825-0908 Revision Level Description Page Number September 2008 25 Added the references to F042A series back 3, 9, 16, 19, 37, 251 in Table 1, Available Packages, Table 5, Table 7, Table 13, Ordering Information sections. May 2008 24 Changed title to Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series and removed references to F042A series in Table 1, Available Packages, Table 5, Table 7, Table 13, Ordering Information sections. All December 2007 23 Updated Figure 3, Table 14, Table 58 through Table 60. 10, 41, and 95 July 2007 22 Updated Table 15 and Table 128. Updated 44, 221 Power consumption in Electrical Characteristics chapter. June 2007 21 Revision number update. All Revision History Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification iv Table of Contents Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CPU and Peripheral Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eZ8 CPU Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low-Power Operational Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Precision Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analog Comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Crystal Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Voltage Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On-Chip Debugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General-Purpose Input/Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct LED Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Volatile Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reset Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Available Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Pin Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Signal Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Pin Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Register File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Program Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 15 17 17 Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 PS022825-0908 Table of Contents Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification v Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Reset Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reset Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power-On Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Voltage Brownout Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog Timer Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Reset Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Reset Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On-Chip Debugger Initiated Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stop Mode Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stop Mode Recovery Using Watchdog Timer Time-Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stop Mode Recovery Using a GPIO Port Pin Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stop Mode Recovery Using the External RESET Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Voltage Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reset Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 25 25 26 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 30 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 STOP Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HALT Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peripheral-Level Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 34 34 General-Purpose Input/Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 GPIO Port Availability By Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPIO Alternate Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct LED Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shared Reset Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shared Debug Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crystal Oscillator Override . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 V Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Clock Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPIO Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPIO Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port A-D Address Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port A-D Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port A-D Data Direction Sub-Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PS022825-0908 37 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 40 45 45 46 46 47 47 Table of Contents Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification vi Port A-C Input Data Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port A-D Output Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LED Drive Enable Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LED Drive Level High Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LED Drive Level Low Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 52 52 53 53 Interrupt Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Interrupt Vector Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Master Interrupt Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Vectors and Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Assertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software Interrupt Assertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog Timer Interrupt Assertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Request 0 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Request 1 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Request 2 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IRQ0 Enable High and Low Bit Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IRQ1 Enable High and Low Bit Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IRQ2 Enable High and Low Bit Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Edge Select Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shared Interrupt Select Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupt Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 57 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 62 62 63 65 66 66 67 Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timer Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reading the Timer Count Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timer Pin Signal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timer Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timer 0-1 Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timer 0-1 High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timer Reload High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timer 0-1 PWM High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 70 70 82 82 83 83 87 87 88 Watchdog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Watchdog Timer Refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 PS022825-0908 Table of Contents Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification vii Watchdog Timer Time-Out Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog Timer Reload Unlock Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog Timer Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog Timer Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog Timer Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog Timer Reload Upper, High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . 92 93 93 94 94 94 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Transmitting Data using the Polled Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Transmitting Data using the Interrupt-Driven Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Receiving Data using the Polled Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Receiving Data using the Interrupt-Driven Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Clear To Send (CTS) Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 External Driver Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 UART Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 UART Baud Rate Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 UART Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 UART Control 0 and Control 1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 UART Status 0 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 UART Status 1 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 UART Transmit Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 UART Receive Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 UART Address Compare Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Infrared Encoder/Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmitting IrDA Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receiving IrDA Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infrared Encoder/Decoder Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 117 118 119 120 Analog-to-Digital Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 PS022825-0908 Table of Contents Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification viii Hardware Overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic Powerdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Single-Shot Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continuous Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calibration and Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Compensation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input Buffer Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Control Register 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Control/Status Register 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Data High Byte Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Data Low Byte Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 123 123 124 125 125 127 129 130 130 132 132 133 Low Power Operational Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Comparator Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Temperature Sensor Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Operation Timing Using the Flash Frequency Registers . . . . . . . . . Flash Code Protection Against External Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Code Protection Against Accidental Program and Erasure . . . . . . . Byte Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mass Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Controller Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Controller Behavior in DEBUG Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Page Select Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PS022825-0908 141 142 143 145 145 145 147 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 Table of Contents Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification ix Flash Sector Protect Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Flash Frequency High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Flash Option Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Option Bit Configuration By Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Option Bit Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reading the Flash Information Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Option Bit Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trim Bit Address Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trim Bit Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Option Bit Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Program Memory Address 0000H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Program Memory Address 0001H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trim Bit Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trim Bit Address 0000H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trim Bit Address 0001H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trim Bit Address 0002H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trim Bit Address 0003H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trim Bit Address 0004H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zilog Calibration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Calibration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature Sensor Calibration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog Timer Calibration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serialization Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Randomized Lot Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 153 154 155 155 155 156 156 156 158 158 158 159 159 159 161 161 161 164 164 165 166 Non-Volatile Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NVDS Code Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Byte Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Byte Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Failure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optimizing NVDS Memory Usage for Execution Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 169 169 170 171 171 On-Chip Debugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OCD Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DEBUG Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PS022825-0908 173 174 174 175 Table of Contents Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification x OCD Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OCD Auto-Baud Detector/Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OCD Serial Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OCD Unlock Sequence (8-Pin Devices Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Runtime Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On-Chip Debugger Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On-Chip Debugger Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OCD Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OCD Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 176 177 178 178 179 179 184 184 185 Oscillator Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Clock Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clock Failure Detection and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oscillator Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 187 189 190 Crystal Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Crystal Oscillator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Oscillator Operation with an External RC Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Internal Precision Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Assembly Language Programming Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assembly Language Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eZ8 CPU Instruction Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eZ8 CPU Instruction Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 200 200 202 207 Opcode Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On-Chip Peripheral AC and DC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Purpose I/O Port Input Data Sample Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PS022825-0908 221 222 227 229 234 Table of Contents Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification xi General Purpose I/O Port Output Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 On-Chip Debugger Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 UART Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Customer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 PS022825-0908 Table of Contents Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 1 Overview Zilog's Z8 Encore!(R) MCU family of products are the first in a line of Zilog(R) microcontroller products based upon the 8-bit eZ8 CPU. Zilog's Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products expand upon Zilog's extensive line of 8-bit microcontrollers. The Flash in-circuit programming capability allows for faster development time and program changes in the field. The new eZ8 CPU is upward compatible with existing Z8(R) instructions. The rich peripheral set of the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series makes it suitable for a variety of applications including motor control, security systems, home appliances, personal electronic devices, and sensors. Features The key features of Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series products include: PS022825-0908 * * * * * * * * * * * * 20 MHz eZ8 CPU * Infrared Data Association (IrDA)-compliant infrared encoder/decoders, integrated with UART * * * * Two enhanced 16-bit timers with capture, compare, and PWM capability 1 KB, 2 KB, 4 KB, or 8 KB Flash memory with in-circuit programming capability 256 B, 512 B, or 1 KB register RAM Up to 128 B non-volatile data storage (NVDS) Internal precision oscillator trimmed to 1% accuracy External crystal oscillator, operating up to 20 MHz Optional 8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) Optional on-chip temperature sensor On-chip analog comparator Optional on-chip low-power operational amplifier (LPO) Full-duplex UART The UART baud rate generator (BRG) can be configured and used as a basic 16-bit timer Watchdog Timer (WDT) with dedicated internal RC oscillator Up to 20 vectored interrupts 6 to 25 I/O pins depending upon package Overview Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 2 * * * * * * Up to thirteen 5 V-tolerant input pins * * * * Power-On Reset (POR) Up to 8 ports capable of direct LED drive with no current limit resistor required On-Chip Debugger (OCD) Voltage Brownout (VBO) protection Programmable low battery detection (LVD) (8-pin devices only) Bandgap generated precision voltage references available for the ADC, comparator, VBO, and LVD 2.7 V to 3.6 V operating voltage 8-, 20-, and 28-pin packages 0 C to +70 C and -40 C to +105 C for operating temperature ranges Part Selection Guide Table 1 on page 3 identifies the basic features and package styles available for each device within the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series product line. PS022825-0908 Overview Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 3 Table 1. Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Family Part Selection Guide Part Number Flash RAM (KB) (B) NVDS1 (B) I/O Comparator Advanced ADC Analog2 Inputs Packages Z8F082A 8 1024 0 6-23 Yes Yes 4-8 8-, 20- and 28-pin Z8F081A 8 1024 0 6-25 Yes No 0 8-, 20- and 28-pin Z8F042A 4 1024 128 6-23 Yes Yes 4-8 8-, 20- and 28-pin Z8F041A 4 1024 128 6-25 Yes No 0 8-, 20- and 28-pin Z8F022A 2 512 64 6-23 Yes Yes 4-8 8-, 20- and 28-pin Z8F021A 2 512 64 6-25 Yes No 0 8-, 20- and 28-pin Z8F012A 1 256 16 6-23 Yes Yes 4-8 8-, 20- and 28-pin Z8F011A 1 256 16 6-25 Yes No 0 8-, 20- and 28-pin 1Non-volatile 2Advanced data storage. Analog includes ADC, temperature sensor, and low-power operational amplifier. PS022825-0908 Overview Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 4 Block Diagram Figure 1 displays the block diagram of the architecture of the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices. System Clock Oscillator Control XTAL/RC Oscillator Internal Precision Oscillator Low Power RC Oscillator On-Chip Debugger eZ8 CPU Interrupt Controller POR/VBO and Reset Controller WDT Memory Busses Register Bus UART Timers IrDA Comparator Temperature Sensor ADC Low Power Op Amp NVDS Controller Flash Controller Flash Memory RAM Controller RAM GPIO Figure 1. Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series Block Diagram PS022825-0908 Overview Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 5 CPU and Peripheral Overview eZ8 CPU Features The eZ8 CPU, Zilog's latest 8-bit Central Processing Unit (CPU), meets the continuing demand for faster and more code-efficient microcontrollers. The eZ8 CPU executes a superset of the original Z8(R) instruction set. The features of eZ8 CPU include: * Direct register-to-register architecture allows each register to function as an accumulator, improving execution time and decreasing the required program memory. * Software stack allows much greater depth in subroutine calls and interrupts than hardware stacks. * * * Compatible with existing Z8 code. * * Pipelined instruction fetch and execution. * * * * New instructions support 12-bit linear addressing of the Register File. Expanded internal Register File allows access of up to 4 KB. New instructions improve execution efficiency for code developed using higherlevel programming languages, including C. New instructions for improved performance including BIT, BSWAP, BTJ, CPC, LDC, LDCI, LEA, MULT, and SRL. Up to 10 MIPS operation. C-Compiler friendly. 2 to 9 clock cycles per instruction. For more information on eZ8 CPU, refer to eZ8 CPU Core User Manual (UM0128) available for download at www.zilog.com. 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter The optional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts an analog input signal to a 10-bit binary number. The ADC accepts inputs from eight different analog input pins in both single-ended and differential modes. The ADC also features a unity gain buffer when high input impedance is required. PS022825-0908 Overview Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 6 Low-Power Operational Amplifier The optional low-power operational amplifier (LPO) is a general-purpose amplifier primarily targeted for current sense applications. The LPO output may be routed internally to the ADC or externally to a pin. Internal Precision Oscillator The internal precision oscillator (IPO) is a trimmable clock source that requires no external components. Temperature Sensor The optional temperature sensor produces an analog output proportional to the device temperature. This signal can be sent to either the ADC or the analog comparator. Analog Comparator The analog comparator compares the signal at an input pin with either an internal programmable voltage reference or a second input pin. The comparator output can be used to drive either an output pin or to generate an interrupt. External Crystal Oscillator The crystal oscillator circuit provides highly accurate clock frequencies with the use of an external crystal, ceramic resonator or RC network. Low Voltage Detector The low voltage detector (LVD) is able to generate an interrupt when the supply voltage drops below a user-programmable level. The LVD is available on 8-pin devices only. On-Chip Debugger The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products feature an integrated on-chip debugger (OCD) accessed via a single-pin interface. The OCD provides a rich-set of debugging capabilities, such as reading and writing registers, programming Flash memory, setting breakpoints, and executing code. PS022825-0908 Overview Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 7 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter The full-duplex universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) is included in all Z8 Encore! XP package types. The UART supports 8- and 9-bit data modes and selectable parity. The UART also supports multi-drop address processing in hardware. The UART baud rate generator (BRG) can be configured and used as a basic 16-bit timer. Timers Two enhanced 16-bit reloadable timers can be used for timing/counting events or for motor control operations. These timers provide a 16-bit programmable reload counter and operate in ONE-SHOT, CONTINUOUS, GATED, CAPTURE, CAPTURE RESTART, COMPARE, CAPTURE and COMPARE, PWM SINGLE OUTPUT and PWM DUAL OUTPUT modes. General-Purpose Input/Output The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series features 6 to 25 port pins (Ports A-D) for general- purpose input/output (GPIO). The number of GPIO pins available is a function of package, and each pin is individually programmable. 5 V tolerant input pins are available on all I/Os on 8-pin devices and most I/Os on other package types. Direct LED Drive The 20- and 28-pin devices support controlled current sinking output pins capable of driving LEDs without the need for a current limiting resistor. These LED drivers are independently programmable to four different intensity levels. Flash Controller The Flash Controller programs and erases Flash memory. The Flash Controller supports several protection mechanisms against accidental program and erasure, as well as factory serialization and read protection. Non-Volatile Data Storage The non-volatile data storage (NVDS) uses a hybrid hardware/software scheme to implement a byte programmable data memory and is capable of over 100,000 write cycles. Note: PS022825-0908 Devices with 8 KB Flash memory do not include the NVDS feature. Overview Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 8 Interrupt Controller The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products support up to 20 interrupts. These interrupts consist of 8 internal peripheral interrupts and 12 general-purpose I/O pin interrupt sources. The interrupts have three levels of programmable interrupt priority. Reset Controller The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series products can be reset using the RESET pin, Power-On Reset, Watchdog Timer (WDT) time-out, STOP mode exit, or Voltage Brownout (VBO) warning signal. The RESET pin is bi-directional, that is, it functions as reset source as well as a reset indicator. PS022825-0908 Overview Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 9 Pin Description The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products are available in a variety of packages styles and pin configurations. This chapter describes the signals and available pin configurations for each of the package styles. For information on physical package specifications, see Packaging on page 241. Available Packages The following package styles are available for each device in the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series product line: * SOIC - 8-, 20-, and 28-pin * PDIP - 8-, 20-, and 28-pin * SSOP - 20- and 28- pin * QFN (this is an MLF-S, a QFN style package with an 8-pin SOIC footprint) - 8-pin In addition, the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices are available both with and without advanced analog capability (ADC, temperature sensor and op amp). Devices Z8F082A, Z8F042A, Z8F022A, and Z8F012A contain the advanced analog, while devices Z8F081A, Z8F041A, Z8F021A, and Z8F011A do not have the advanced analog capability. Pin Configurations Figure 2 through Figure 4 display the pin configurations for all the packages available in the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series. See Table 2 on page 11 for a description of the signals. The analog input alternate functions (ANAx) are not available on the Z8F081A, Z8F041A, Z8F021A, and Z8F011A devices. The analog supply pins (AVDD and AVSS) are also not available on these parts, and are replaced by PB6 and PB7. At reset, all Port A, B and C pins default to an input state. In addition, any alternate functionality is not enabled, so the pins function as general purpose input ports until programmed otherwise. At powerup, the PD0 pin defaults to the RESET alternate function. PS022825-0908 Pin Description Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 10 The pin configurations listed are preliminary and subject to change based on manufacturing limitations. VDD PA0/T0IN/T0OUT/XIN//DBG PA1/T0OUT/XOUT/ANA3/VREF/CLKIN PA2/RESET/DE0/T1OUT 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VSS PA5/TXD0/T1OUT/ANA0/CINP/AMPOUT PA4/RXD0/ANA1/CINN/AMPINN PA3/CTS0/ANA2/COUT/AMPINP/T1IN Figure 2. Z8F08xA, Z8F04xA, Z8F02xA, and Z8F01xA in 8-Pin SOIC, QFN/MLF-S, or PDIP Package PB1/ANA1/AMPINN PB2/ANA2/AMPINP PB3/CLKIN/ANA3 VDD PA0/T0IN/T0OUT/XIN PA1/T0OUT/XOUT VSS PA2/DE0 PA3/CTS0 PA4/RXD0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 PB0/ANA0/AMPOUT PC3/COUT/LED PC2/ANA6/LED/VREF PC1/ANA5/CINN/LED PC0/ANA4/CINP/LED DBG RESET/PD0 PA7/T1OUT PA6/T1IN/T1OUT PA5/TXD0 Figure 3. Z8F08xA, Z8F04xA, Z8F02xA, and Z8F01xA in 20-Pin SOIC, SSOP or PDIP Package PB2/ANA2/AMPINP PB4/ANA7 PB5/VREF PB3/CLKIN/ANA3 (PB6) AVDD VDD PA0/T0IN/T0OUT/XIN PA1/T0OUT/XOUT VSS (PB7) AVSS PA2/DE0 PA3/CTS0 PA4/RXD0 PA5/TXD0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 PB1/ANA1/AMPINN PB0/ANA0/AMPOUT PC3/COUT/LED PC2/ANA6/LED PC1/ANA5/CINN/LED PC0/ANA4/CINP/LED DBG RESET/PD0 PC7/LED PC6/LED PA7/T1OUT PC5/LED PC4/LED PA6/T1IN/T1OUT Figure 4. Z8F08xA, Z8F04xA, Z8F02xA, and Z8F01xA in 28-Pin SOIC, SSOP or PDIP Package PS022825-0908 Pin Description Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 11 Signal Descriptions Table 2 describes the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series signals. See Pin Configurations on page 9 to determine the signals available for the specific package styles. Table 2. Signal Descriptions Signal Mnemonic I/O Description General-Purpose I/O Ports A-D PA[7:0] I/O Port A. These pins are used for general-purpose I/O. PB[7:0] I/O Port B. These pins are used for general-purpose I/O. PB6 and PB7 are available only in those devices without an ADC. PC[7:0] I/O Port C. These pins are used for general-purpose I/O. PD[0] I/O Port D. This pin is used for general-purpose output only. Note: PB6 and PB7 are only available in 28-pin packages without ADC. In 28-pin packages with ADC, they are replaced by AVDD and AVSS. UART Controllers TXD0 O Transmit Data. This signal is the transmit output from the UART and IrDA. RXD0 I Receive Data. This signal is the receive input for the UART and IrDA. CTS0 I Clear To Send. This signal is the flow control input for the UART. DE O Driver Enable. This signal allows automatic control of external RS-485 drivers. This signal is approximately the inverse of the TXE (Transmit Empty) bit in the UART Status 0 register. The DE signal may be used to ensure the external RS-485 driver is enabled when data is transmitted by the UART. T0OUT/T1OUT O Timer Output 0-1. These signals are outputs from the timers. T0OUT/T1OUT O Timer Complement Output 0-1. These signals are output from the timers in PWM Dual Output mode. T0IN/T1IN I Timer Input 0-1. These signals are used as the capture, gating and counter inputs. CINP/CINN I Comparator Inputs. These signals are the positive and negative inputs to the comparator. COUT O Comparator Output. Timers Comparator PS022825-0908 Pin Description Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 12 Table 2. Signal Descriptions (Continued) Signal Mnemonic I/O Description Analog ANA[7:0] VREF I I/O Analog Port. These signals are used as inputs to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Analog-to-digital converter reference voltage input, or buffered output for internal reference. Low-Power Operational Amplifier (LPO) AMPINP/AMPINN I LPO inputs. If enabled, these pins drive the positive and negative amplifier inputs respectively. AMPOUT O LPO output. If enabled, this pin is driven by the on-chip LPO. XIN I External Crystal Input. This is the input pin to the crystal oscillator. A crystal can be connected between it and the XOUT pin to form the oscillator. In addition, this pin is used with external RC networks or external clock drivers to provide the system clock. XOUT O External Crystal Output. This pin is the output of the crystal oscillator. A crystal can be connected between it and the XIN pin to form the oscillator. I Clock Input Signal. This pin may be used to input a TTL-level signal to be used as the system clock. O Direct LED drive capability. All port C pins have the capability to drive an LED without any other external components. These pins have programmable drive strengths set by the GPIO block. I/O Debug. This signal is the control and data input and output to and from the On-Chip Debugger. Oscillators Clock Input CLKIN LED Drivers LED On-Chip Debugger DBG Caution: The DBG pin is open-drain and requires a pull-up resistor to ensure proper operation. Reset RESET PS022825-0908 I/O RESET. Generates a Reset when asserted (driven Low). Also serves as a reset indicator; the Z8 Encore! XP forces this pin low when in reset. This pin is open-drain and features an enabled internal pull-up resistor. Pin Description Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 13 Table 2. Signal Descriptions (Continued) Signal Mnemonic I/O Description Power Supply VDD I Digital Power Supply. AVDD I Analog Power Supply. VSS I Digital Ground. AVSS I Analog Ground. Note: The AVDD and AVSS signals are available only in 28-pin packages with ADC. They are replaced by PB6 and PB7 on 28-pin packages without ADC. Pin Characteristics Table 3 describes the characteristics for each pin available on the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series 20- and 28-pin devices. Data in Table 3 is sorted alphabetically by the pin symbol mnemonic. Table 4 on page 14 provides detailed information about the characteristics for each pin available on the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series 8-pin devices. All six I/O pins on the 8-pin packages are 5 V-tolerant (unless the pull-up devices are enabled). The column in Table 3 below describes 5 V-tolerance for the 20- and 28-pin packages only. Note: Table 3. Pin Characteristics (20- and 28-pin Devices) Direction Reset Direction Active Low or Active High Tristate Output AVDD N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A AVSS N/A N/A N/A N/A DBG I/O I N/A PA[7:0] I/O I PB[7:0] I/O I Symbol Mnemonic PS022825-0908 Internal Pull- Schmittup Trigger or Pull-down Input Open Drain Output 5V Tolerance N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A NA Yes Yes Yes Yes No N/A Yes Programmable Pull-up Yes Yes, Programmable PA[7:2] unless pullups enabled N/A Yes Programmable Pull-up Yes Yes, Programmable PB[7:6] unless pullups enabled Pin Description Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 14 Table 3. Pin Characteristics (20- and 28-pin Devices) (Continued) Direction Reset Direction Active Low or Active High Tristate Output PC[7:0] I/O I N/A Yes RESET/PD0 I/O I/O (defaults to RESET) Low (in Reset mode) VDD N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A VSS N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Open Drain Output 5V Tolerance Symbol Mnemonic Internal Pull- Schmittup Trigger or Pull-down Input Open Drain Output 5V Tolerance PC[7:3] unless pullups enabled Programmable Pull-up Yes Yes, Programmable Yes (PD0 Programmable only) for PD0; always on for RESET Yes Programmable Yes, unless for PD0; always pullups on for RESET enabled PB6 and PB7 are available only in those devices without ADC. Note: Table 4. Pin Characteristics (8-Pin Devices) ) Symbol Mnemonic Direction Reset Direction Active Low or Active High Tristate Output Internal Pullup or Pull-down SchmittTrigger Input PA0/DBG I/O I (but can change during reset if key sequence detected) N/A Yes Programmable Pull-up Yes Yes, Yes, unless Programmable pull-ups enabled PA1 I/O I N/A Yes Programmable Pull-up Yes Yes, Yes, unless Programmable pull-ups enabled RESET/PA2 I/O I/O (defaults to RESET) Low (in Reset mode) Yes Programmable for PA2; always on for RESET Yes Programmable Yes, unless for PA2; always pull-ups on for RESET enabled PA[5:3] I/O I N/A Yes Programmable Pull-up Yes Yes, Yes, unless Programmable pull-ups enabled VDD N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A VSS N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A PS022825-0908 Pin Description Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 15 Address Space The eZ8 CPU can access the following three distinct address spaces: 1. The Register File contains addresses for the general-purpose registers and the eZ8 CPU, peripheral, and general-purpose I/O port control registers. 2. The Program Memory contains addresses for all memory locations having executable code and/or data. 3. The Data Memory contains addresses for all memory locations that contain data only. These three address spaces are covered briefly in the following subsections. For more information on eZ8 CPU and its address space, refer to eZ8 CPU Core User Manual (UM0128) available for download at www.zilog.com. Register File The Register File address space in the Z8 Encore!(R) MCU is 4 KB (4096 bytes). The Register File is composed of two sections: control registers and general-purpose registers. When instructions are executed, registers defined as sources are read, and registers defined as destinations are written. The architecture of the eZ8 CPU allows all general-purpose registers to function as accumulators, address pointers, index registers, stack areas, or scratch pad memory. The upper 256 bytes of the 4 KB Register File address space are reserved for control of the eZ8 CPU, the on-chip peripherals, and the I/O ports. These registers are located at addresses from F00H to FFFH. Some of the addresses within the 256 B control register section are reserved (unavailable). Reading from a reserved Register File address returns an undefined value. Writing to reserved Register File addresses is not recommended and can produce unpredictable results. The on-chip RAM always begins at address 000H in the Register File address space. The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices contain 256 B to 1 KB of on-chip RAM. Reading from Register File addresses outside the available RAM addresses (and not within the control register address space) returns an undefined value. Writing to these Register File addresses produces no effect. Program Memory The eZ8 CPU supports 64 KB of Program Memory address space. The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices contain 1 KB to 8 KB of on-chip Flash memory in the Program Memory address space, depending on the device. Reading from Program Memory PS022825-0908 Address Space Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 16 addresses outside the available Flash memory addresses returns FFH. Writing to these unimplemented Program Memory addresses produces no effect. Table 5 describes the Program Memory Maps for the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series products. Table 5. Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series Program Memory Maps Program Memory Address (Hex) Function Z8F082A and Z8F081A Products 0000-0001 Flash Option Bits 0002-0003 Reset Vector 0004-0005 WDT Interrupt Vector 0006-0007 Illegal Instruction Trap 0008-0037 Interrupt Vectors* 0038-0039 Reserved 003A-003D Oscillator Fail Trap Vectors 003E-1FFF Program Memory Z8F042A and Z8F041A Products PS022825-0908 0000-0001 Flash Option Bits 0002-0003 Reset Vector 0004-0005 WDT Interrupt Vector 0006-0007 Illegal Instruction Trap 0008-0037 Interrupt Vectors* 0038-0039 Reserved 003A-003D Oscillator Fail Trap Vectors 003E-0FFF Program Memory Address Space Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 17 Table 5. Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series Program Memory Maps (Continued) Program Memory Address (Hex) Function Z8F022A and Z8F021A Products 0000-0001 Flash Option Bits 0002-0003 Reset Vector 0004-0005 WDT Interrupt Vector 0006-0007 Illegal Instruction Trap 0008-0037 Interrupt Vectors* 0038-0039 Reserved 003A-003D Oscillator Fail Trap Vectors 003E-07FF Program Memory Z8F012A and Z8F011A Products 0000-0001 Flash Option Bits 0002-0003 Reset Vector 0004-0005 WDT Interrupt Vector 0006-0007 Illegal Instruction Trap 0008-0037 Interrupt Vectors* 0038-0039 Reserved 003A-003D Oscillator Fail Trap Vectors 003E-03FF Program Memory * See Table 32 on page 56 for a list of the interrupt vectors. Data Memory The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series does not use the eZ8 CPU's 64 KB Data Memory address space. Flash Information Area Table 6 on page 18 describes the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series Flash Information Area. This 128 B Information Area is accessed by setting bit 7 of the Flash Page Select Register to 1. When access is enabled, the Flash Information Area is mapped into the Program Memory and overlays the 128 bytes at addresses FE00H to FF7FH. When the Information Area access is enabled, all reads from these Program Memory addresses return the InforPS022825-0908 Address Space Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 18 mation Area data rather than the Program Memory data. Access to the Flash Information Area is read-only. Table 6. Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series Flash Memory Information Area Map Program Memory Address (Hex) Function PS022825-0908 FE00-FE3F Zilog Option Bits/Calibration Data FE40-FE53 Part Number 20-character ASCII alphanumeric code Left justified and filled with FFH FE54-FE5F Reserved FE60-FE7F Zilog Calibration Data FE80-FFFF Reserved Address Space Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 19 Register Map Table 7 provides the address map for the Register File of the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices. Not all devices and package styles in the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series support the ADC, or all of the GPIO Ports. Consider registers for unimplemented peripherals as Reserved. Table 7. Register File Address Map Address (Hex) Register Description Mnemonic Reset (Hex) Page No General-Purpose RAM Z8F082A/Z8F081A Devices 000-3FF General-Purpose Register File RAM -- XX 400-EFF Reserved -- XX Z8F042A/Z8F041A Devices 000-3FF General-Purpose Register File RAM -- XX 400-EFF Reserved -- XX Z8F022A/Z8F021A Devices 000-1FF General-Purpose Register File RAM -- XX 200-EFF Reserved -- XX Z8F012A/Z8F011A Devices 000-0FF General-Purpose Register File RAM -- XX 100-EFF Reserved -- XX F00 Timer 0 High Byte T0H 00 87 F01 Timer 0 Low Byte T0L 01 87 F02 Timer 0 Reload High Byte T0RH FF 88 F03 Timer 0 Reload Low Byte T0RL FF 88 F04 Timer 0 PWM High Byte T0PWMH 00 88 Timer 0 F05 Timer 0 PWM Low Byte T0PWML 00 89 F06 Timer 0 Control 0 T0CTL0 00 83 F07 Timer 0 Control 1 T0CTL1 00 84 F08 Timer 1 High Byte T1H 00 87 F09 Timer 1 Low Byte T1L 01 87 F0A Timer 1 Reload High Byte T1RH FF 88 Timer 1 XX=Undefined PS022825-0908 Register Map Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 20 Table 7. Register File Address Map (Continued) Address (Hex) Register Description Mnemonic Reset (Hex) Page No F0B Timer 1 Reload Low Byte T1RL FF 88 F0C Timer 1 PWM High Byte T1PWMH 00 88 F0D Timer 1 PWM Low Byte T1PWML 00 89 F0E Timer 1 Control 0 T1CTL0 00 83 F0F Timer 1 Control 1 T1CTL1 00 84 F10-F6F Reserved -- XX F40 UART Transmit/Receive Data Registers TXD, RXD XX 113 F41 UART Status 0 Register U0STAT0 00 111 F42 UART Control 0 Register U0CTL0 00 108 F43 UART Control 1 Register U0CTL1 00 108 F44 UART Status 1 Register U0STAT1 00 112 F45 UART Address Compare Register U0ADDR 00 114 F46 UART Baud Rate High Byte Register U0BRH FF 114 F47 UART Baud Rate Low Byte Register U0BRL FF 114 ADC Control 0 ADCCTL0 00 130 F71 ADC Control 1 ADCCTL1 80 130 F72 ADC Data High Byte ADCD_H XX 133 F73 ADC Data Low Bits ADCD_L XX 133 F74-F7F Reserved -- XX UART Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) F70 Low Power Control F80 Power Control 0 PWRCTL0 80 35 F81 Reserved -- XX F82 LED Drive Enable LEDEN 00 52 F83 LED Drive Level High Byte LEDLVLH 00 53 F84 LED Drive Level Low Byte LEDLVLL 00 54 F85 Reserved -- XX LED Controller Oscillator Control F86 Oscillator Control OSCCTL A0 F87-F8F Reserved -- XX Comparator 0 Control CMP0 14 190 Comparator 0 F90 136 XX=Undefined PS022825-0908 Register Map Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 21 Table 7. Register File Address Map (Continued) Address (Hex) Register Description Mnemonic Reset (Hex) F91-FBF -- XX Reserved Page No Interrupt Controller FC0 Interrupt Request 0 IRQ0 00 60 FC1 IRQ0 Enable High Bit IRQ0ENH 00 63 FC2 IRQ0 Enable Low Bit IRQ0ENL 00 63 FC3 Interrupt Request 1 IRQ1 00 61 FC4 IRQ1 Enable High Bit IRQ1ENH 00 64 FC5 IRQ1 Enable Low Bit IRQ1ENL 00 64 FC6 Interrupt Request 2 IRQ2 00 62 FC7 IRQ2 Enable High Bit IRQ2ENH 00 65 FC8 IRQ2 Enable Low Bit IRQ2ENL 00 65 FC9-FCC Reserved -- XX FCD Interrupt Edge Select IRQES 00 67 FCE Shared Interrupt Select IRQSS 00 67 FCF Interrupt Control IRQCTL 00 67 Port A Address PAADDR 00 45 GPIO Port A FD0 FD1 Port A Control PACTL 00 47 FD2 Port A Input Data PAIN XX 47 FD3 Port A Output Data PAOUT 00 47 FD4 Port B Address PBADDR 00 45 FD5 Port B Control PBCTL 00 47 FD6 Port B Input Data PBIN XX 47 FD7 Port B Output Data PBOUT 00 47 FD8 Port C Address PCADDR 00 45 FD9 Port C Control PCCTL 00 47 FDA Port C Input Data PCIN XX 47 FDB Port C Output Data PCOUT 00 47 FDC Port D Address PDADDR 00 45 FDD Port D Control PDCTL 00 47 FDE Reserved -- XX GPIO Port B GPIO Port C GPIO Port D XX=Undefined PS022825-0908 Register Map Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 22 Table 7. Register File Address Map (Continued) Address (Hex) Register Description Mnemonic Reset (Hex) Page No FDF Port D Output Data PDOUT 00 47 FE0-FEF Reserved -- XX Watchdog Timer (WDT) FF0 Reset Status (Read-only) RSTSTAT X0 30 Watchdog Timer Control (Write-only) WDTCTL N/A 94 FF1 Watchdog Timer Reload Upper Byte WDTU 00 95 FF2 Watchdog Timer Reload High Byte WDTH 04 95 95 FF3 Watchdog Timer Reload Low Byte WDTL 00 FF4-FF5 Reserved -- XX Trim Bit Control FF6 Trim Bit Address TRMADR 00 155 FF7 Trim Bit Data TRMDR 00 156 Flash Memory Controller FF8 Flash Control FCTL 00 149 FF8 Flash Status FSTAT 00 150 Flash Page Select FPS 00 151 Flash Sector Protect FPROT 00 151 FF9 FFA Flash Programming Frequency High Byte FFREQH 00 152 FFB Flash Programming Frequency Low Byte FFREQL 00 152 Flags XX Refer to eZ8 CPU Core User Manual (UM0128) eZ8 CPU FFC -- FFD Register Pointer RP XX FFE Stack Pointer High Byte SPH XX FFF Stack Pointer Low Byte SPL XX XX=Undefined PS022825-0908 Register Map Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 23 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection The Reset Controller within the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series controls Reset and Stop Mode Recovery operation and provides indication of low supply voltage conditions. In typical operation, the following events cause a Reset: * * * Power-On Reset (POR) * External RESET pin assertion (when the alternate RESET function is enabled by the GPIO register) * On-chip debugger initiated Reset (OCDCTL[0] set to 1) Voltage Brownout (VBO) Watchdog Timer time-out (when configured by the WDT_RES Flash Option Bit to initiate a reset) When the device is in STOP mode, a Stop Mode Recovery is initiated by either of the following: * * Watchdog Timer time-out GPIO Port input pin transition on an enabled Stop Mode Recovery source The low voltage detection circuitry on the device (available on the 8-pin product versions only) performs the following functions: * Generates the VBO reset when the supply voltage drops below a minimum safe level. * Generates an interrupt when the supply voltage drops below a user-defined level (8-pin devices only). Reset Types The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series provides several different types of Reset operation. Stop Mode Recovery is considered as a form of Reset. Table 8 lists the types of Reset and their operating characteristics. The System Reset is longer if the external crystal oscillator is enabled by the Flash option bits, allowing additional time for oscillator start-up. PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 24 Table 8. Reset and Stop Mode Recovery Characteristics and Latency Reset Characteristics and Latency Reset Type Control Registers eZ8 CPU Reset Latency (Delay) System Reset Reset (as applicable) Reset 66 Internal Precision Oscillator Cycles System Reset with Crystal Reset (as applicable) Oscillator Enabled Reset 5000 Internal Precision Oscillator Cycles Stop Mode Recovery Reset 66 Internal Precision Oscillator Cycles + IPO startup time Unaffected, except WDT_CTL and OSC_CTL registers Stop Mode Recovery with Unaffected, except Crystal Oscillator Enabled WDT_CTL and OSC_CTL registers Reset 5000 Internal Precision Oscillator Cycles During a System Reset or Stop Mode Recovery, the Internal Precision Oscillator requires 4 s to start up. Then the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series device is held in Reset for 66 cycles of the Internal Precision Oscillator. If the crystal oscillator is enabled in the Flash option bits, this reset period is increased to 5000 IPO cycles. When a reset occurs because of a low voltage condition or Power-On Reset (POR), this delay is measured from the time that the supply voltage first exceeds the POR level. If the external pin reset remains asserted at the end of the reset period, the device remains in reset until the pin is deasserted. At the beginning of Reset, all GPIO pins are configured as inputs with pull-up resistor disabled, except PD0 (or PA2 on 8-pin devices) which is shared with the reset pin. On reset, the PD0 is configured as a bidirectional open-drain reset. The pin is internally driven low during port reset, after which the user code may reconfigure this pin as a general purpose output. During Reset, the eZ8 CPU and on-chip peripherals are idle; however, the on-chip crystal oscillator and Watchdog Timer oscillator continue to run. Upon Reset, control registers within the Register File that have a defined Reset value are loaded with their reset values. Other control registers (including the Stack Pointer, Register Pointer, and Flags) and general-purpose RAM are undefined following Reset. The eZ8 CPU fetches the Reset vector at Program Memory addresses 0002H and 0003H and loads that value into the Program Counter. Program execution begins at the Reset vector address. As the control registers are re-initialized by a system reset, the system clock after reset is always the IPO. The software must reconfigure the oscillator control block, such that the correct system clock source is enabled and selected. PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 25 Reset Sources Table 9 lists the possible sources of a system reset. Table 9. Reset Sources and Resulting Reset Type Operating Mode Reset Source Special Conditions NORMAL or HALT modes Power-On Reset/Voltage Brownout Reset delay begins after supply voltage exceeds POR level. Watchdog Timer time-out when configured for Reset None. RESET pin assertion All reset pulses less than three system clocks in width are ignored. On-Chip Debugger initiated Reset System Reset, except the On-Chip Debugger (OCDCTL[0] set to 1) is unaffected by the reset. STOP mode Power-On Reset/Voltage Brownout Reset delay begins after supply voltage exceeds POR level. RESET pin assertion All reset pulses less than the specified analog delay are ignored. See Table 131 on page 229. DBG pin driven Low None. Power-On Reset Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices contain an internal Power-On Reset circuit. The POR circuit monitors the supply voltage and holds the device in the Reset state until the supply voltage reaches a safe operating level. After the supply voltage exceeds the POR voltage threshold (VPOR), the device is held in the Reset state until the POR Counter has timed out. If the crystal oscillator is enabled by the option bits, this timeout is longer. After the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series device exits the Power-On Reset state, the eZ8 CPU fetches the Reset vector. Following Power-On Reset, the POR status bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is set to 1. Figure 5 displays Power-On Reset operation. See Electrical Characteristics on page 221 for the POR threshold voltage (VPOR). PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 26 VCC = 3.3 V VPOR VVBO Program Execution VCC = 0.0 V Internal Precision Oscillator Crystal Oscillator Oscillator Start-up Internal RESET signal POR counter delay Note: Not to Scale optional XTAL counter delay Figure 5. Power-On Reset Operation Voltage Brownout Reset The devices in the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series provide low Voltage Brownout (VBO) protection. The VBO circuit senses when the supply voltage drops to an unsafe level (below the VBO threshold voltage) and forces the device into the Reset state. While the supply voltage remains below the Power-On Reset voltage threshold (VPOR), the VBO block holds the device in the Reset. After the supply voltage again exceeds the Power-On Reset voltage threshold, the device progresses through a full System Reset sequence, as described in the Power-On Reset section. Following Power-On Reset, the POR status bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is set to 1. Figure 6 displays Voltage Brownout operation. See Electrical Characteristics on page 221 for the VBO and POR threshold voltages (VVBO and VPOR). The Voltage Brownout circuit can be either enabled or disabled during STOP mode. Operation during STOP mode is set by the VBO_AO Flash Option Bit. See Flash Option Bits for information about configuring VBO_AO. PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 27 VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 3.3 V VPOR VVBO Program Execution Voltage Brownout Program Execution System Clock Internal RESET signal POR counter delay Note: Not to Scale Figure 6. Voltage Brownout Reset Operation The POR level is greater than the VBO level by the specified hysteresis value. This ensures that the device undergoes a Power-On Reset after recovering from a VBO condition. Watchdog Timer Reset If the device is in NORMAL or HALT mode, the Watchdog Timer can initiate a System Reset at time-out if the WDT_RES Flash Option Bit is programmed to 1. This is the unprogrammed state of the WDT_RES Flash Option Bit. If the bit is programmed to 0, it configures the Watchdog Timer to cause an interrupt, not a System Reset, at time-out. The WDT bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is set to signify that the reset was initiated by the Watchdog Timer. External Reset Input The RESET pin has a Schmitt-Triggered input and an internal pull-up resistor. Once the RESET pin is asserted for a minimum of four system clock cycles, the device progresses through the System Reset sequence. Because of the possible asynchronicity of the system clock and reset signals, the required reset duration may be as short as three clock periods PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 28 and as long as four. A reset pulse three clock cycles in duration might trigger a reset; a pulse four cycles in duration always triggers a reset. While the RESET input pin is asserted Low, the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices remain in the Reset state. If the RESET pin is held Low beyond the System Reset timeout, the device exits the Reset state on the system clock rising edge following RESET pin deassertion. Following a System Reset initiated by the external RESET pin, the EXT status bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is set to 1. External Reset Indicator During System Reset or when enabled by the GPIO logic (see Port A-D Control Registers on page 46), the RESET pin functions as an open-drain (active Low) reset mode indicator in addition to the input functionality. This reset output feature allows a Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series device to reset other components to which it is connected, even if that reset is caused by internal sources such as POR, VBO or WDT events. After an internal reset event occurs, the internal circuitry begins driving the RESET pin Low. The RESET pin is held Low by the internal circuitry until the appropriate delay listed in Table 8 has elapsed. On-Chip Debugger Initiated Reset A Power-On Reset can be initiated using the On-Chip Debugger by setting the RST bit in the OCD Control register. The On-Chip Debugger block is not reset but the rest of the chip goes through a normal system reset. The RST bit automatically clears during the system reset. Following the system reset the POR bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is set. Stop Mode Recovery STOP mode is entered by execution of a STOP instruction by the eZ8 CPU. See LowPower Modes on page 33 for detailed STOP mode information. During Stop Mode Recovery (SMR), the CPU is held in reset for 66 IPO cycles if the crystal oscillator is disabled or 5000 cycles if it is enabled. The SMR delay (see Table 131 on page 229) TSMR, also includes the time required to start up the IPO. Stop Mode Recovery does not affect on-chip registers other than the Watchdog Timer Control register (WDTCTL) and the Oscillator Control register (OSCCTL). After any Stop Mode Recovery, the IPO is enabled and selected as the system clock. If another system clock source is required, the Stop Mode Recovery code must reconfigure the oscillator control block such that the correct system clock source is enabled and selected. The eZ8 CPU fetches the Reset vector at Program Memory addresses 0002H and 0003H and loads that value into the Program Counter. Program execution begins at the Reset PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 29 vector address. Following Stop Mode Recovery, the STOP bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) Register is set to 1. Table 10 lists the Stop Mode Recovery sources and resulting actions. The text following provides more detailed information about each of the Stop Mode Recovery sources. Table 10. Stop Mode Recovery Sources and Resulting Action Operating Mode Stop Mode Recovery Source Action STOP mode Watchdog Timer time-out when configured for Reset Stop Mode Recovery Watchdog Timer time-out when configured for interrupt Stop Mode Recovery followed by interrupt (if interrupts are enabled) Data transition on any GPIO Port pin enabled as a Stop Mode Recovery source Stop Mode Recovery Assertion of external RESET Pin System Reset Debug Pin driven Low System Reset Stop Mode Recovery Using Watchdog Timer Time-Out If the Watchdog Timer times out during STOP mode, the device undergoes a Stop Mode Recovery sequence. In the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register, the WDT and STOP bits are set to 1. If the Watchdog Timer is configured to generate an interrupt upon time-out and the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series device is configured to respond to interrupts, the eZ8 CPU services the Watchdog Timer interrupt request following the normal Stop Mode Recovery sequence. Stop Mode Recovery Using a GPIO Port Pin Transition Each of the GPIO Port pins may be configured as a Stop Mode Recovery input source. On any GPIO pin enabled as a Stop Mode Recovery source, a change in the input pin value (from High to Low or from Low to High) initiates Stop Mode Recovery. Note: The SMR pulses shorter than specified does not trigger a recovery (see Table 131 on page 229). When this happens, the STOP bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is set to 1. Caution: In STOP mode, the GPIO Port Input Data registers (PxIN) are disabled. The Port Input Data registers record the Port transition only if the signal stays on the Port pin through the end of the Stop Mode Recovery delay. As a result, short pulses on the Port pin can PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 30 initiate Stop Mode Recovery without being written to the Port Input Data register or without initiating an interrupt (if enabled for that pin). Stop Mode Recovery Using the External RESET Pin When the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series device is in STOP mode and the external RESET pin is driven Low, a system reset occurs. Because of a glitch filter operating on the RESET pin, the Low pulse must be greater than the minimum width specified, or it is ignored. See Electrical Characteristics on page 221 for details. Low Voltage Detection In addition to the Voltage Brownout (VBO) Reset described above, it is also possible to generate an interrupt when the supply voltage drops below a user-selected value. For details about configuring the Low Voltage Detection (LVD) and the threshold levels available, see Trim Bit Address 0003H on page 159. The LVD function is available on the 8pin product versions only. When the supply voltage drops below the LVD threshold, the LVD bit of the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is set to one. This bit remains one until the low-voltage condition goes away. Reading or writing this bit does not clear it. The LVD circuit can also generate an interrupt when so enabled, see Interrupt Vectors and Priority on page 58. The LVD bit is NOT latched, so enabling the interrupt is the only way to guarantee detection of a transient low voltage event. The LVD functionality depends on circuitry shared with the VBO block; therefore, disabling the VBO also disables the LVD. Reset Register Definitions The following sections define the Reset registers. Reset Status Register The Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is a read-only register that indicates the source of the most recent Reset event, indicates a Stop Mode Recovery event, and indicates a Watchdog Timer time-out. Reading this register resets the upper four bits to 0. This register shares its address with the Watchdog Timer control register, which is write-only (see Table 11 on page 31). PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 31 Table 11. Reset Status Register (RSTSTAT) 7 6 5 4 POR STOP WDT EXT BITS FIELD RESET R/W See descriptions below R R R 3 2 1 0 Reserved LVD 0 0 0 0 0 R R R R R FF0H ADDR POR STOP WDT EXT Power-On Reset 1 0 0 0 Reset using RESET pin assertion 0 0 0 1 Reset using Watchdog Timer time-out 0 0 1 0 Reset using the On-Chip Debugger (OCTCTL[1] set to 1) 1 0 0 0 Reset from STOP Mode using DBG Pin driven Low 1 0 0 0 Stop Mode Recovery using GPIO pin transition 0 1 0 0 Stop Mode Recovery using Watchdog Timer time-out 0 1 1 0 Reset or Stop Mode Recovery Event POR--Power-On Reset Indicator If this bit is set to 1, a Power-On Reset event occurs. This bit is reset to 0 if a WDT time-out or Stop Mode Recovery occurs. This bit is also reset to 0 when the register is read. STOP--Stop Mode Recovery Indicator If this bit is set to 1, a Stop Mode Recovery occurs. If the STOP and WDT bits are both set to 1, the Stop Mode Recovery occurs because of a WDT time-out. If the STOP bit is 1 and the WDT bit is 0, the Stop Mode Recovery was not caused by a WDT time-out. This bit is reset by a Power-On Reset or a WDT time-out that occurred while not in STOP mode. Reading this register also resets this bit. WDT--Watchdog Timer Time-Out Indicator If this bit is set to 1, a WDT time-out occurs. A POR resets this pin. A Stop Mode Recovery from a change in an input pin also resets this bit. Reading this register resets this bit. This read must occur before clearing the WDT interrupt. EXT--External Reset Indicator If this bit is set to 1, a Reset initiated by the external RESET pin occurs. A Power-On Reset or a Stop Mode Recovery from a change in an input pin resets this bit. Reading this register resets this bit. Reserved--Must be 0. LVD--Low Voltage Detection Indicator If this bit is set to 1 the current state of the supply voltage is below the low voltage detection threshold. This value is not latched but is a real-time indicator of the supply voltage level. PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 32 PS022825-0908 Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 33 Low-Power Modes The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series products contain power-saving features. The highest level of power reduction is provided by the STOP mode, in which nearly all device functions are powered down. The next lower level of power reduction is provided by the HALT mode, in which the CPU is powered down. Further power savings can be implemented by disabling individual peripheral blocks while in Active mode (defined as being in neither STOP nor HALT mode). STOP Mode Executing the eZ8 CPU's STOP instruction places the device into STOP mode, powering down all peripherals except the Voltage Brownout detector, the Low-power Operational Amplifier and the Watchdog Timer. These three blocks may also be disabled for additional power savings. Specifically, the operating characteristics are: * Primary crystal oscillator and internal precision oscillator are stopped; XIN and XOUT (if previously enabled) are disabled, and PA0/PA1 revert to the states programmed by the GPIO registers. * * * * System clock is stopped. * * If enabled, the Watchdog Timer logic continues to operate. * Low-power operational amplifier continues to operate if enabled by the Power Control register to do so. * All other on-chip peripherals are idle. eZ8 CPU is stopped. Program counter (PC) stops incrementing. Watchdog Timer's internal RC oscillator continues to operate if enabled by the Oscillator Control register. If enabled for operation in STOP mode by the associated Flash Option Bit, the Voltage Brownout protection circuit continues to operate. To minimize current in STOP mode, all GPIO pins that are configured as digital inputs must be driven to one of the supply rails (VCC or GND). Additionally, any GPIOs configured as outputs must also be driven to one of the supply rails. The device can be brought out of STOP mode using Stop Mode Recovery. For more information on Stop Mode Recovery, see Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection on page 23. PS022825-0908 Low-Power Modes Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 34 HALT Mode Executing the eZ8 CPU's HALT instruction places the device into HALT mode, which powers down the CPU but leaves all other peripherals active. In HALT mode, the operating characteristics are: * * * * * * * Primary oscillator is enabled and continues to operate. System clock is enabled and continues to operate. eZ8 CPU is stopped. Program counter (PC) stops incrementing. Watchdog Timer's internal RC oscillator continues to operate. If enabled, the Watchdog Timer continues to operate. All other on-chip peripherals continue to operate, if enabled. The eZ8 CPU can be brought out of HALT mode by any of the following operations: * * * * * Interrupt Watchdog Timer time-out (interrupt or reset) Power-On Reset Voltage Brownout reset External RESET pin assertion To minimize current in HALT mode, all GPIO pins that are configured as inputs must be driven to one of the supply rails (VCC or GND). Peripheral-Level Power Control In addition to the STOP and HALT modes, it is possible to disable each peripheral on each of the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices. Disabling a given peripheral minimizes its power consumption. Power Control Register Definitions The following sections define the Power Control registers. Power Control Register 0 Each bit of the following registers disables a peripheral block, either by gating its system clock input or by removing power from the block. The default state of the low-power PS022825-0908 Low-Power Modes Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 35 operational amplifier (LPO) is OFF. To use the LPO, clear the LPO bit, turning it ON. Clearing this bit might interfere with normal ADC measurements on ANA0 (the LPO output). This bit enables the amplifier even in STOP mode. If the amplifier is not required in STOP mode, disable it. Failure to perform this results in STOP mode currents greater than specified. This register is only reset during a POR sequence. Other system reset events do not affect it. Note: Table 12. Power Control Register 0 (PWRCTL0) BITS 6 FIELD 7 LPO RESET 1 R/W R/W 5 4 VBO 3 TEMP 2 ADC 1 COMP 0 Reserved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reserved F80H ADDR LPO--Low-Power Operational Amplifier Disable 0 = LPO is enabled (this applies even in STOP mode). 1 = LPO is disabled. Reserved--Must be 0. VBO--Voltage Brownout Detector Disable This bit and the VBO_AO Flash option bit must both enable the VBO for the VBO to be active. 0 = VBO Enabled 1 = VBO Disabled TEMP--Temperature Sensor Disable 0 = Temperature Sensor Enabled 1 = Temperature Sensor Disabled ADC--Analog-to-Digital Converter Disable 0 = Analog-to-Digital Converter Enabled 1 = Analog-to-Digital Converter Disabled COMP--Comparator Disable 0 = Comparator is Enabled 1 = Comparator is Disabled Reserved--Must be 0. Note: PS022825-0908 Asserting any power control bit disables the targeted block, regardless of any enable bits contained in the target block's control registers. Low-Power Modes Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 36 PS022825-0908 Low-Power Modes Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 37 General-Purpose Input/Output The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products support a maximum of 25 port pins (Ports A- D) for general-purpose input/output (GPIO) operations. Each port contains control and data registers. The GPIO control registers determine data direction, open-drain, output drive current, programmable pull-ups, Stop Mode Recovery functionality, and alternate pin functions. Each port pin is individually programmable. In addition, the Port C pins are capable of direct LED drive at programmable drive strengths. GPIO Port Availability By Device Table 13 lists the port pins available with each device and package type. Table 13. Port Availability by Device and Package Type Devices Package ADC Port A Port B Port C Port D Total I/O Z8F082ASB, Z8F082APB, Z8F082AQB Z8F042ASB, Z8F042APB, Z8F042AQB Z8F022ASB, Z8F022APB, Z8F022AQB Z8F012ASB, Z8F012APB, Z8F012AQB 8-pin Yes [5:0] No No No 6 Z8F081ASB, Z8F081APB, Z8F081AQB Z8F041ASB, Z8F041APB, Z8F041AQB Z8F021ASB, Z8F021APB, Z8F021AQB Z8F011ASB, Z8F011APB, Z8F011AQB 8-pin No [5:0] No No No 6 Z8F082APH, Z8F082AHH, Z8F082ASH Z8F042APH, Z8F042AHH, Z8F042ASH Z8F022APH, Z8F022AHH, Z8F022ASH Z8F012APH, Z8F012AHH, Z8F012ASH 20-pin Yes [7:0] [3:0] [3:0] [0] 17 Z8F081APH, Z8F081AHH, Z8F081ASH Z8F041APH, Z8F041AHH, Z8F041ASH Z8F021APH, Z8F021AHH, Z8F021ASH Z8F011APH, Z8F011AHH, Z8F011ASH 20-pin No [7:0] [3:0] [3:0] [0] 17 Z8F082APJ, Z8F082ASJ, Z8F082AHJ Z8F042APJ, Z8F042ASJ, Z8F042AHJ Z8F022APJ, Z8F022ASJ, Z8F022AHJ Z8F012APJ, Z8F012ASJ, Z8F012AHJ 28-pin Yes [7:0] [5:0] [7:0] [0] 23 Z8F081APJ, Z8F081ASJ, Z8F081AHJ Z8F041APJ, Z8F041ASJ, Z8F041AHJ Z8F021APJ, Z8F021ASJ, Z8F021AHJ Z8F011APJ, Z8F011ASJ, Z8F011AHJ 28-pin No [7:0] [7:0] [7:0] [0] 25 PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 38 Architecture Figure 7 displays a simplified block diagram of a GPIO port pin. In this figure, the ability to accommodate alternate functions and variable port current drive strength is not displayed. Port Input Data Register Q D Schmitt-Trigger Q D System Clock VDD Port Output Control Port Output Data Register DATA Bus D Q Port Pin System Clock Port Data Direction GND Figure 7. GPIO Port Pin Block Diagram GPIO Alternate Functions Many of the GPIO port pins can be used for general-purpose I/O and access to on-chip peripheral functions such as the timers and serial communication devices. The Port A-D Alternate Function sub-registers configure these pins for either General-Purpose I/O or alternate function operation. When a pin is configured for alternate function, control of the port pin direction (input/output) is passed from the Port A-D Data Direction registers to the alternate function assigned to this pin. Table 14 on page 41 lists the alternate functions possible with each port pin. For those pins with more one alternate function, the alternate function is defined through Alternate Function Sets sub-registers AFS1 and AFS2. The crystal oscillator functionality is not controlled by the GPIO block. When the crystal oscillator is enabled in the oscillator control block, the GPIO functionality of PA0 and PA1 is overridden. In that case, those pins function as input and output for the crystal oscillator. PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 39 PA0 and PA6 contain two different timer functions, a timer input and a complementary timer output. Both of these functions require the same GPIO configuration, the selection between the two is based on the timer mode. See Timers on page 69 for more details. Caution: For pin with multiple alternate functions, it is recommended to write to the AFS1 and AFS2 sub-registers before enabling the alternate function via the AF sub-register. This prevents spurious transitions through unwanted alternate function modes. Direct LED Drive The Port C pins provide a current sinked output capable of driving an LED without requiring an external resistor. The output sinks current at programmable levels of 3 mA, 7 mA, 13 mA and 20 mA. This mode is enabled through the Alternate Function sub-register AFS1 and is programmable through the LED control registers. The LED Drive Enable (LEDEN) register turns on the drivers. The LED Drive Level (LEDLVLH and LEDLVLL) registers select the sink current. For correct function, the LED anode must be connected to VDD and the cathode to the GPIO pin. Using all Port C pins in LED drive mode with maximum current may result in excessive total current. See Electrical Characteristics on page 221 for the maximum total current for the applicable package. Shared Reset Pin On the 20- and 28-pin devices, the PD0 pin shares function with a bi-directional reset pin. Unlike all other I/O pins, this pin does not default to GPIO function on power-up. This pin acts as a bi-directional reset until the software re-configures it. The PD0 pin is output-only when in GPIO mode. On the 8-pin product versions, the reset pin is shared with PA2, but the pin is not limited to output-only when in GPIO mode. Caution: If PA2 on the 8-pin product is reconfigured as an input, ensure that no external stimulus drives the pin low during any reset sequence. Since PA2 returns to its RESET alternate function during system resets, driving it Low holds the chip in a reset state until the pin is released. Shared Debug Pin On the 8-pin version of this device only, the Debug pin shares function with the PA0 GPIO pin. This pin performs as a general purpose input pin on power-up, but the debug logic monitors this pin during the reset sequence to determine if the unlock sequence occurs. If the unlock sequence is present, the debug function is unlocked and the pin no longer func- PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 40 tions as a GPIO pin. If it is not present, the debug feature is disabled until/unless another reset event occurs. For more details, see On-Chip Debugger on page 173. Crystal Oscillator Override For systems using a crystal oscillator, PA0 and PA1 are used to connect the crystal. When the crystal oscillator is enabled (see Oscillator Control Register Definitions on page 190), the GPIO settings are overridden and PA0 and PA1 are disabled. 5 V Tolerance All six I/O pins on the 8-pin devices are 5 V-tolerant, unless the programmable pull-ups are enabled. If the pull-ups are enabled and inputs higher than VDD are applied to these parts, excessive current flows through those pull-up devices and can damage the chip. Note: In the 20- and 28-pin versions of this device, any pin which shares functionality with an ADC, crystal or comparator port is not 5 V-tolerant, including PA[1:0], PB[5:0] and PC[2:0]. All other signal pins are 5 V-tolerant, and can safely handle inputs higher than VDD except when the programmable pull-ups are enabled. External Clock Setup For systems using an external TTL drive, PB3 is the clock source for 20- and 28-pin devices. In this case, configure PB3 for alternate function CLKIN. Write the Oscillator Control (OSCCTL) register (see Oscillator Control Register Definitions on page 190) such that the external oscillator is selected as the system clock. For 8-pin devices use PA1 instead of PB3. PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 41 Table 14. Port Alternate Function Mapping (Non 8-Pin Parts) Alternate Function Set Register AFS1 Port Pin Mnemonic Alternate Function Description Port A PA0 T0IN/T0OUT* Timer 0 Input/Timer 0 Output Complement N/A Reserved PA1 T0OUT Timer 0 Output Reserved PA2 DE0 UART 0 Driver Enable Reserved PA3 CTS0 UART 0 Clear to Send Reserved PA4 RXD0/IRRX0 UART 0/IrDA 0 Receive Data Reserved PA5 TXD0/IRTX0 UART 0/IrDA 0 Transmit Data Reserved PA6 T1IN/T1OUT* Timer 1 Input/Timer 1 Output Complement Reserved PA7 T1OUT Timer 1 Output Reserved Note: Because there is only a single alternate function for each Port A pin, the Alternate Function Set registers are not implemented for Port A. Enabling alternate function selections as described in Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers on page 47 automatically enables the associated alternate function. * Whether PA0/PA6 take on the timer input or timer output complement function depends on the timer configuration as described in Timer Pin Signal Operation on page 82. PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 42 Table 14. Port Alternate Function Mapping (Non 8-Pin Parts) (Continued) Port Pin Mnemonic Port B PB0 Reserved ANA0/AMPOUT PB1 PB3 PB4 PB7 AFS1[0]: 1 AFS1[1]: 0 ADC Analog Input/LPO Input (N) AFS1[1]: 1 AFS1[2]: 0 ANA2/AMPINP ADC Analog Input/LPO Input (P) AFS1[2]: 1 CLKIN External Clock Input AFS1[3]: 0 ANA3 ADC Analog Input AFS1[3]: 1 Reserved AFS1[4]: 0 ADC Analog Input Reserved VREF* PB6 ADC Analog Input/LPO Output Reserved ANA7 PB5 Alternate Function Set Register AFS1 AFS1[0]: 0 Reserved ANA1/AMPINN PB2 Alternate Function Description AFS1[4]: 1 AFS1[5]: 0 ADC Voltage Reference AFS1[5]: 1 Reserved AFS1[6]: 0 Reserved AFS1[6]: 1 Reserved AFS1[7]: 0 Reserved AFS1[7]: 1 Note: Because there are at most two choices of alternate function for any pin of Port B, the Alternate Function Set register AFS2 is not used to select the function. Also, alternate function selection as described in Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers on page 47 must also be enabled. * VREF is available on PB5 in 28-pin products only. PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 43 Table 14. Port Alternate Function Mapping (Non 8-Pin Parts) (Continued) Alternate Function Set Register AFS1 Port Pin Mnemonic Port C PC0 Reserved AFS1[0]: 0 ANA4/CINP/LED ADC or Comparator Input, or LED drive Drive AFS1[0]: 1 Reserved AFS1[1]: 0 ANA5/CINN/ LED ADC or Comparator Input, or LED drive Drive AFS1[1]: 1 Reserved AFS1[2]: 0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 ANA6/LED/ VREF* ADC Analog Input or LED Drive or ADC Voltage Reference AFS1[2]: 1 COUT Comparator Output AFS1[3]: 0 LED LED drive AFS1[3]: 1 Reserved LED PC5 LED Drive LED Drive AFS1[5]: 1 AFS1[6]: 0 LED Drive Reserved LED AFS1[4]: 1 AFS1[5]: 0 Reserved LED PC7 AFS1[4]: 0 Reserved LED PC6 Alternate Function Description AFS1[6]: 1 AFS1[7]: 0 LED Drive AFS1[7]: 1 Note: Because there are at most two choices of alternate function for any pin of Port C, the Alternate Function Set register AFS2 is not used to select the function. Also, alternate function selection as described in Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers on page 47 must also be enabled. *VREF is available on PC2 in 20-pin parts only. PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 44 Table 15. Port Alternate Function Mapping (8-Pin Parts) Alternate Function Select Register AFS2 Port Pin Mnemonic Alternate Function Description Alternate Function Select Register AFS1 Port A PA0 T0IN Timer 0 Input AFS1[0]: 0 AFS2[0]: 0 Reserved AFS1[0]: 0 AFS2[0]: 1 Reserved AFS1[0]: 1 AFS2[0]: 0 PA1 T0OUT Timer 0 Output Complement AFS1[0]: 1 AFS2[0]: 1 T0OUT Timer 0 Output AFS1[1]: 0 AFS2[1]: 0 AFS1[1]: 0 AFS2[1]: 1 AFS1[1]: 1 AFS2[1]: 0 Analog Functions* ADC Analog Input/VREF AFS1[1]: 1 AFS2[1]: 1 DE0 UART 0 Driver Enable AFS1[2]: 0 AFS2[2]: 0 RESET External Reset AFS1[2]: 0 AFS2[2]: 1 T1OUT Timer 1 Output AFS1[2]: 1 AFS2[2]: 0 AFS1[2]: 1 AFS2[2]: 1 Reserved CLKIN PA2 External Clock Input Reserved PA3 PA4 PA5 CTS0 UART 0 Clear to Send AFS1[3]: 0 AFS2[3]: 0 COUT Comparator Output AFS1[3]: 0 AFS2[3]: 1 T1IN Timer 1 Input AFS1[3]: 1 AFS2[3]: 0 Analog Functions* ADC Analog Input/LPO Input (P) AFS1[3]: 1 AFS2[3]: 1 RXD0 AFS1[4]: 0 AFS2[4]: 0 Reserved AFS1[4]: 0 AFS2[4]: 1 Reserved AFS1[4]: 1 AFS2[4]: 0 Analog Functions* ADC/Comparator Input (N)/LPO AFS1[4]: 1 Input (N) AFS2[4]: 1 TXD0 UART 0 Transmit Data AFS1[5]: 0 AFS2[5]: 0 T1OUT Timer 1 Output Complement AFS1[5]: 0 AFS2[5]: 1 AFS1[5]: 1 AFS2[5]: 0 Analog Functions* ADC/Comparator Input (P) LPO AFS1[5]: 1 Output AFS2[5]: 1 Reserved UART 0 Receive Data *Analog Functions include ADC inputs, ADC reference, comparator inputs and LPO ports. Note: Also, alternate function selection as described in Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers on page 47 must be enabled. PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 45 GPIO Interrupts Many of the GPIO port pins can be used as interrupt sources. Some port pins can be configured to generate an interrupt request on either the rising edge or falling edge of the pin input signal. Other port pin interrupt sources generate an interrupt when any edge occurs (both rising and falling). See Interrupt Controller on page 55 for more information about interrupts using the GPIO pins. GPIO Control Register Definitions Four registers for each Port provide access to GPIO control, input data, and output data. Table 16 lists these Port registers. Use the Port A-D Address and Control registers together to provide access to sub-registers for Port configuration and control. Table 16. GPIO Port Registers and Sub-Registers Port Register Mnemonic Port Register Name PxADDR Port A-D Address Register (Selects sub-registers) PxCTL Port A-D Control Register (Provides access to sub-registers) PxIN Port A-D Input Data Register PxOUT Port A-D Output Data Register Port Sub-Register Mnemonic Port Register Name PS022825-0908 PxDD Data Direction PxAF Alternate Function PxOC Output Control (Open-Drain) PxHDE High Drive Enable PxSMRE Stop Mode Recovery Source Enable PxPUE Pull-up Enable PxAFS1 Alternate Function Set 1 PxAFS2 Alternate Function Set 2 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 46 Port A-D Address Registers The Port A-D Address registers select the GPIO Port functionality accessible through the Port A-D Control registers. The Port A-D Address and Control registers combine to provide access to all GPIO Port controls (Table 17). Table 17. Port A-D GPIO Address Registers (PxADDR) 7 BITS 6 5 4 3 FIELD PADDR[7:0] RESET 00H R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 2 1 0 R/W R/W R/W FD0H, FD4H, FD8H, FDCH ADDR PADDR[7:0]--Port Address The Port Address selects one of the sub-registers accessible through the Port Control register. PADDR[7:0] Port Control sub-register accessible using the Port A-D Control Registers 00H No function. Provides some protection against accidental Port reconfiguration. 01H Data Direction. 02H Alternate Function. 03H Output Control (Open-Drain). 04H High Drive Enable. 05H Stop Mode Recovery Source Enable. 06H Pull-up Enable. 07H Alternate Function Set 1. 08H Alternate Function Set 2. 09H-FFH No function. Port A-D Control Registers The Port A-D Control registers set the GPIO port operation. The value in the corresponding Port A-D Address register determines which sub-register is read from or written to by a Port A-D Control register transaction (Table 18). PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 47 Table 18. Port A-D Control Registers (PxCTL) 7 BITS 6 5 4 FIELD PCTL RESET 00H R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 3 2 1 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W FD1H, FD5H, FD9H, FDDH ADDR PCTL[7:0]--Port Control The Port Control register provides access to all sub-registers that configure the GPIO Port operation. Port A-D Data Direction Sub-Registers The Port A-D Data Direction sub-register is accessed through the Port A-D Control register by writing 01H to the Port A-D Address register (Table 19). Table 19. Port A-D Data Direction Sub-Registers (PxDD) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD DD7 DD6 DD5 DD4 DD3 DD2 DD1 DD0 RESET 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BITS R/W If 01H in Port A-D Address Register, accessible through the Port A-D Control Register ADDR DD[7:0]--Data Direction These bits control the direction of the associated port pin. Port Alternate Function operation overrides the Data Direction register setting. 0 = Output. Data in the Port A-D Output Data register is driven onto the port pin. 1 = Input. The port pin is sampled and the value written into the Port A-D Input Data Register. The output driver is tristated. Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers The Port A-D Alternate Function sub-register (Table 20) is accessed through the Port A-D Control register by writing 02H to the Port A-D Address register. The Port A-D Alternate Function sub-registers enable the alternate function selection on pins. If disabled, pins functions as GPIO. If enabled, select one of four alternate functions using alternate function set subregisters 1 and 2 as described in the Port A-D Alternate Function PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 48 Set 1 Sub-Registers on page 50, GPIO Alternate Functions on page 38, and Port A-D Alternate Function Set 2 Sub-Registers on page 51. See GPIO Alternate Functions on page 38 to determine the alternate function associated with each port pin. Caution: Do not enable alternate functions for GPIO port pins for which there is no associated alternate function. Failure to follow this guideline can result in unpredictable operation. Table 20. Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers (PxAF) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AF7 AF6 AF5 AF4 AF3 AF2 AF1 AF0 BITS FIELD 00H (Ports A-C); 01H (Port D); 04H (Port A of 8-pin device) RESET R/W R/W If 02H in Port A-D Address Register, accessible through the Port A-D Control Register ADDR AF[7:0]--Port Alternate Function enabled 0 = The port pin is in normal mode and the DDx bit in the Port A-D Data Direction sub-register determines the direction of the pin. 1 = The alternate function selected through Alternate Function Set sub-registers is enabled. Port pin operation is controlled by the alternate function. Port A-D Output Control Sub-Registers The Port A-D Output Control sub-register (Table 21) is accessed through the Port A-D Control register by writing 03H to the Port A-D Address register. Setting the bits in the Port A-D Output Control sub-registers to 1 configures the specified port pins for opendrain operation. These sub-registers affect the pins directly and, as a result, alternate functions are also affected. Table 21. Port A-D Output Control Sub-Registers (PxOC) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POC7 POC6 POC5 POC4 POC3 POC2 POC1 POC0 R/W R/W BITS FIELD 00H (Ports A-C); 01H (Port D) RESET R/W R/W ADDR R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W If 03H in Port A-D Address Register, accessible through the Port A-D Control Register POC[7:0]--Port Output Control These bits function independently of the alternate function bit and always disable the drains if set to 1. 0 = The source current is enabled for any output mode (unless overridden by the alternate PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 49 function). (Push-pull output) 1 = The source current for the associated pin is disabled (open-drain mode). Port A-D High Drive Enable Sub-Registers The Port A-D High Drive Enable sub-register (Table 22) is accessed through the Port A-D Control register by writing 04H to the Port A-D Address register. Setting the bits in the Port A-D High Drive Enable sub-registers to 1 configures the specified port pins for high current output drive operation. The Port A-D High Drive Enable sub-register affects the pins directly and, as a result, alternate functions are also affected. Table 22. Port A-D High Drive Enable Sub-Registers (PxHDE) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD PHDE7 PHDE6 PHDE5 PHDE4 PHDE3 PHDE2 PHDE1 PHDE0 RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BITS R/W If 04H in Port A-D Address Register, accessible through the Port A-D Control Register ADDR PHDE[7:0]--Port High Drive Enabled 0 = The Port pin is configured for standard output current drive. 1 = The Port pin is configured for high output current drive. Port A-D Stop Mode Recovery Source Enable Sub-Registers The Port A-D Stop Mode Recovery Source Enable sub-register (Table 23) is accessed through the Port A-D Control register by writing 05H to the Port A-D Address register. Setting the bits in the Port A-D Stop Mode Recovery Source Enable sub-registers to 1 configures the specified Port pins as a Stop Mode Recovery source. During STOP mode, any logic transition on a Port pin enabled as a Stop Mode Recovery source initiates Stop Mode Recovery. Table 23. Port A-D Stop Mode Recovery Source Enable Sub-Registers (PxSMRE) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD PSMRE7 PSMRE6 PSMRE5 PSMRE4 PSMRE3 PSMRE2 PSMRE1 PSMRE0 RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BITS R/W ADDR If 05H in Port A-D Address Register, accessible through the Port A-D Control Register PSMRE[7:0]--Port Stop Mode Recovery Source Enabled 0 = The Port pin is not configured as a Stop Mode Recovery source. Transitions on this pin PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 50 during STOP mode do not initiate Stop Mode Recovery. 1 = The Port pin is configured as a Stop Mode Recovery source. Any logic transition on this pin during STOP mode initiates Stop Mode Recovery. Port A-D Pull-up Enable Sub-Registers The Port A-D Pull-up Enable sub-register (Table 24) is accessed through the Port A-D Control register by writing 06H to the Port A-D Address register. Setting the bits in the Port A-D Pull-up Enable sub-registers enables a weak internal resistive pull-up on the specified Port pins. Table 24. Port A-D Pull-Up Enable Sub-Registers (PxPUE) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PPUE7 PPUE6 PPUE5 PPUE4 PPUE3 PPUE2 PPUE1 PPUE0 BITS FIELD 00H (Ports A-C); 01H (Port D); 04H (Port A of 8-pin device) RESET R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W If 06H in Port A-D Address Register, accessible through the Port A-D Control Register ADDR PPUE[7:0]--Port Pull-up Enabled 0 = The weak pull-up on the Port pin is disabled. 1 = The weak pull-up on the Port pin is enabled. Port A-D Alternate Function Set 1 Sub-Registers The Port A-D Alternate Function Set1 sub-register (Table 25) is accessed through the Port A-D Control register by writing 07H to the Port A-D Address register. The Alternate Function Set 1 sub-registers selects the alternate function available at a port pin. Alternate Functions selected by setting or clearing bits of this register are defined in GPIO Alternate Functions on page 38. Alternate function selection on port pins must also be enabled as described in Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers on page 47. Note: Table 25. Port A-D Alternate Function Set 1 Sub-Registers (PxAFS1) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD PAFS17 PAFS16 PAFS15 PAFS14 PAFS13 PAFS12 PAFS11 PAFS10 RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BITS R/W ADDR PS022825-0908 If 07H in Port A-D Address Register, accessible through the Port A-D Control Register General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 51 PAFS1[7:0]--Port Alternate Function Set 1 0 = Port Alternate Function selected as defined in Table 14 and Table 15 on page 44. 1 = Port Alternate Function selected as defined in Table 14 and Table 15 on page 44. Port A-D Alternate Function Set 2 Sub-Registers The Port A-D Alternate Function Set 2 sub-register (Table 26) is accessed through the Port A-D Control register by writing 08H to the Port A-D Address register. The Alternate Function Set 2 sub-registers selects the alternate function available at a port pin. Alternate Functions selected by setting or clearing bits of this register is defined in Table 15. Alternate function selection on port pins must also be enabled as described in Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers on page 47. Note: Table 26. Port A-D Alternate Function Set 2 Sub-Registers (PxAFS2) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PAFS27 PAFS26 PAFS25 PAFS24 PAFS23 PAFS22 PAFS21 PAFS20 BITS FIELD 00H (all ports of 20/28 pin devices); 04H (Port A of 8-pin device) RESET R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W If 08H in Port A-D Address Register, accessible through the Port A-D Control Register ADDR PAFS2[7:0]--Port Alternate Function Set 2 0 = Port Alternate Function selected as defined in Table 15. 1 = Port Alternate Function selected as defined in Table 15. Port A-C Input Data Registers Reading from the Port A-C Input Data registers (Table 27) returns the sampled values from the corresponding port pins. The Port A-C Input Data registers are read-only. The value returned for any unused ports is 0. Unused ports include those missing on the 8- and 28-pin packages, as well as those missing on the ADC-enabled 28-pin packages. Table 27. Port A-C Input Data Registers (PxIN) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD PIN7 PIN6 PIN5 PIN4 PIN3 PIN2 PIN1 PIN0 RESET X X X X X X X X R/W R R R R R R R R BITS ADDR FD2H, FD6H, FDAH X = Undefined. PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 52 PIN[7:0]--Port Input Data Sampled data from the corresponding port pin input. 0 = Input data is logical 0 (Low). 1 = Input data is logical 1 (High). Port A-D Output Data Register The Port A-D Output Data register (Table 28) controls the output data to the pins. Table 28. Port A-D Output Data Register (PxOUT) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD POUT7 POUT6 POUT5 POUT4 POUT3 POUT2 POUT1 POUT0 RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W BITS R/W FD3H, FD7H, FDBH, FDFH ADDR POUT[7:0]--Port Output Data These bits contain the data to be driven to the port pins. The values are only driven if the corresponding pin is configured as an output and the pin is not configured for alternate function operation. 0 = Drive a logical 0 (Low). 1= Drive a logical 1 (High). High value is not driven if the drain has been disabled by setting the corresponding Port Output Control register bit to 1. LED Drive Enable Register The LED Drive Enable register (Table 29) activates the controlled current drive. The Port C pin must first be enabled by setting the Alternate Function register to select the LED function. Table 29. LED Drive Enable (LEDEN) 7 BITS 6 5 3 2 1 0 LEDEN[7:0] FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 4 ADDR PS022825-0908 F82H General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 53 LEDEN[7:0]--LED Drive Enable These bits determine which Port C pins are connected to an internal current sink. 0 = Tristate the Port C pin. 1= Enable controlled current sink on the Port C pin. LED Drive Level High Register The LED Drive Level registers contain two control bits for each Port C pin (Table 30). These two bits select between four programmable drive levels. Each pin is individually programmable. Table 30. LED Drive Level High Register (LEDLVLH) 7 BITS 6 5 3 2 1 0 LEDLVLH[7:0] FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 4 F83H ADDR LEDLVLH[7:0]--LED Level High Bit {LEDLVLH, LEDLVLL} select one of four programmable current drive levels for each Port C pin. 00 = 3 mA 01= 7 mA 10= 13 mA 11= 20 mA LED Drive Level Low Register The LED Drive Level registers contain two control bits for each Port C pin (Table 31). These two bits select between four programmable drive levels. Each pin is individually programmable. PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 54 Table 31. LED Drive Level Low Register (LEDLVLL) 7 BITS 6 5 3 2 1 0 LEDLVLL[7:0] FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 4 ADDR F84H LEDLVLL[7:0]--LED Level Low Bit {LEDLVLH, LEDLVLL} select one of four programmable current drive levels for each Port C pin. 00 = 3 mA 01 = 7 mA 10 = 13 mA 11 = 20 mA PS022825-0908 General-Purpose Input/Output Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 55 Interrupt Controller The interrupt controller on the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series products prioritizes the interrupt requests from the on-chip peripherals and the GPIO port pins. The features of interrupt controller include: * 20 possible interrupt sources with 18 unique interrupt vectors: - Twelve GPIO port pin interrupt sources (two interrupt vectors are shared). - Eight on-chip peripheral interrupt sources (two interrupt vectors are shared). * Flexible GPIO interrupts: - Eight selectable rising and falling edge GPIO interrupts. - Four dual-edge interrupts. * * * Three levels of individually programmable interrupt priority. Watchdog Timer and LVD can be configured to generate an interrupt. Supports vectored as well as polled interrupts Interrupt requests (IRQs) allow peripheral devices to suspend CPU operation in an orderly manner and force the CPU to start an interrupt service routine (ISR). Usually this interrupt service routine is involved with the exchange of data, status information, or control information between the CPU and the interrupting peripheral. When the service routine is completed, the CPU returns to the operation from which it was interrupted. The eZ8 CPU supports both vectored and polled interrupt handling. For polled interrupts, the interrupt controller has no effect on operation. For more information on interrupt servicing by the eZ8 CPU, refer to eZ8 CPU Core User Manual (UM0128) available for download at www.zilog.com. Interrupt Vector Listing Table 32 on page 56 lists all of the interrupts available in order of priority. The interrupt vector is stored with the most-significant byte (MSB) at the even Program Memory address and the least-significant byte (LSB) at the following odd Program Memory address. Note: PS022825-0908 Some port interrupts are not available on the 8- and 20-pin packages. The ADC interrupt is unavailable on devices not containing an ADC. Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 56 Table 32. Trap and Interrupt Vectors in Order of Priority Program Memory Priority Vector Address Interrupt or Trap Source Highest 0002H Reset (not an interrupt) 0004H Watchdog Timer (see Watchdog Timer on page 91) 003AH Primary Oscillator Fail Trap (not an interrupt) 003CH Watchdog Oscillator Fail Trap (not an interrupt) 0006H Illegal Instruction Trap (not an interrupt) 0008H Reserved 000AH Timer 1 000CH Timer 0 000EH UART 0 receiver 0010H UART 0 transmitter 0012H Reserved 0014H Reserved 0016H ADC 0018H Port A Pin 7, selectable rising or falling input edge or LVD (see Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection on page 23) 001AH Port A Pin 6, selectable rising or falling input edge or Comparator Output 001CH Port A Pin 5, selectable rising or falling input edge 001EH Port A Pin 4, selectable rising or falling input edge 0020H Port A Pin 3, selectable rising or falling input edge 0022H Port A Pin 2, selectable rising or falling input edge 0024H Port A Pin 1, selectable rising or falling input edge 0026H Port A Pin 0, selectable rising or falling input edge 0028H Reserved 002AH Reserved 002CH Reserved 002EH Reserved 0030H Port C Pin 3, both input edges 0032H Port C Pin 2, both input edges PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 57 Table 32. Trap and Interrupt Vectors in Order of Priority (Continued) Program Memory Priority Vector Address Interrupt or Trap Source Lowest 0034H Port C Pin 1, both input edges 0036H Port C Pin 0, both input edges 0038H Reserved Architecture Figure 8 displays the interrupt controller block diagram. Internal Interrupts Interrupt Request Latches and Control Port Interrupts High Priority Vector Medium Priority Priority Mux IRQ Request Low Priority Figure 8. Interrupt Controller Block Diagram Operation Master Interrupt Enable The master interrupt enable bit (IRQE) in the Interrupt Control register globally enables and disables interrupts. PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 58 Interrupts are globally enabled by any of the following actions: * * * Execution of an EI (Enable Interrupt) instruction Execution of an IRET (Return from Interrupt) instruction Writing a 1 to the IRQE bit in the Interrupt Control register Interrupts are globally disabled by any of the following actions: * * Execution of a DI (Disable Interrupt) instruction * * * * * * Writing a 0 to the IRQE bit in the Interrupt Control register eZ8 CPU acknowledgement of an interrupt service request from the interrupt controller Reset Execution of a Trap instruction Illegal Instruction Trap Primary Oscillator Fail Trap Watchdog Oscillator Fail Trap Interrupt Vectors and Priority The interrupt controller supports three levels of interrupt priority. Level 3 is the highest priority, Level 2 is the second highest priority, and Level 1 is the lowest priority. If all of the interrupts are enabled with identical interrupt priority (all as Level 2 interrupts, for example), the interrupt priority is assigned from highest to lowest as specified in Table 32 on page 56. Level 3 interrupts are always assigned higher priority than Level 2 interrupts which, in turn, always are assigned higher priority than Level 1 interrupts. Within each interrupt priority level (Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3), priority is assigned as specified in Table 32, above. Reset, Watchdog Timer interrupt (if enabled), Primary Oscillator Fail Trap, Watchdog Oscillator Fail Trap, and Illegal Instruction Trap always have highest (level 3) priority. Interrupt Assertion Interrupt sources assert their interrupt requests for only a single system clock period (single pulse). When the interrupt request is acknowledged by the eZ8 CPU, the corresponding bit in the Interrupt Request register is cleared until the next interrupt occurs. Writing a 0 to the corresponding bit in the Interrupt Request register likewise clears the interrupt request. PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 59 Caution: The following coding style that clears bits in the Interrupt Request registers is not recommended. All incoming interrupts received between execution of the first LDX command and the final LDX command are lost. Poor coding style that can result in lost interrupt requests: LDX r0, IRQ0 AND r0, MASK LDX IRQ0, r0 Caution: To avoid missing interrupts, use the following coding style to clear bits in the Interrupt Request 0 register: Good coding style that avoids lost interrupt requests: ANDX IRQ0, MASK Software Interrupt Assertion Program code can generate interrupts directly. Writing a 1 to the correct bit in the Interrupt Request register triggers an interrupt (assuming that interrupt is enabled). When the interrupt request is acknowledged by the eZ8 CPU, the bit in the Interrupt Request register is automatically cleared to 0. Caution: The following coding style used to generate software interrupts by setting bits in the Interrupt Request registers is not recommended. All incoming interrupts received between execution of the first LDX command and the final LDX command are lost. Poor coding style that can result in lost interrupt requests: LDX r0, IRQ0 OR r0, MASK LDX IRQ0, r0 Caution: To avoid missing interrupts, use the following coding style to set bits in the Interrupt Request registers: Good coding style that avoids lost interrupt requests: ORX IRQ0, MASK Watchdog Timer Interrupt Assertion The Watchdog Timer interrupt behavior is different from interrupts generated by other sources. The Watchdog Timer continues to assert an interrupt as long as the timeout condition continues. As it operates on a different (and usually slower) clock domain than the rest of the device, the Watchdog Timer continues to assert this interrupt for many system clocks until the counter rolls over. PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 60 Caution: To avoid re-triggerings of the Watchdog Timer interrupt after exiting the associated interrupt service routine, it is recommended that the service routine continues to read from the RSTSTAT register until the WDT bit is cleared as given in the following coding sample: CLEARWDT: LDX r0, RSTSTAT ; read reset status register to clear wdt bit BTJNZ 5, r0, CLEARWDT ; loop until bit is cleared Interrupt Control Register Definitions For all interrupts other than the Watchdog Timer interrupt, the Primary Oscillator Fail Trap, and the Watchdog Oscillator Fail Trap, the interrupt control registers enable individual interrupts, set interrupt priorities, and indicate interrupt requests. Interrupt Request 0 Register The Interrupt Request 0 (IRQ0) register (Table 33) stores the interrupt requests for both vectored and polled interrupts. When a request is presented to the interrupt controller, the corresponding bit in the IRQ0 register becomes 1. If interrupts are globally enabled (vectored interrupts), the interrupt controller passes an interrupt request to the eZ8 CPU. If interrupts are globally disabled (polled interrupts), the eZ8 CPU can read the Interrupt Request 0 register to determine if any interrupt requests are pending. Table 33. Interrupt Request 0 Register (IRQ0) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD Reserved T1I T0I U0RXI U0TXI Reserved Reserved ADCI RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W FC0H ADDR Reserved--Must be 0. T1I--Timer 1 Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for Timer 1. 1 = An interrupt request from Timer 1 is awaiting service. T0I--Timer 0 Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for Timer 0. 1 = An interrupt request from Timer 0 is awaiting service. PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 61 U0RXI--UART 0 Receiver Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for the UART 0 receiver. 1 = An interrupt request from the UART 0 receiver is awaiting service. U0TXI--UART 0 Transmitter Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for the UART 0 transmitter. 1 = An interrupt request from the UART 0 transmitter is awaiting service. ADCI--ADC Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for the analog-to-digital Converter. 1 = An interrupt request from the Analog-to-Digital Converter is awaiting service. Interrupt Request 1 Register The Interrupt Request 1 (IRQ1) register (Table 34) stores interrupt requests for both vectored and polled interrupts. When a request is presented to the interrupt controller, the corresponding bit in the IRQ1 register becomes 1. If interrupts are globally enabled (vectored interrupts), the interrupt controller passes an interrupt request to the eZ8 CPU. If interrupts are globally disabled (polled interrupts), the eZ8 CPU can read the Interrupt Request 1 register to determine if any interrupt requests are pending. Table 34. Interrupt Request 1 Register (IRQ1) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD PA7VI PA6CI PA5I PA4I PA3I PA2I PA1I PA0I RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W ADDR FC3H PA7VI--Port A Pin 7 or LVD Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for GPIO Port A or LVD. 1 = An interrupt request from GPIO Port A or LVD. PA6CI--Port A Pin 6 or Comparator Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for GPIO Port A or Comparator. 1 = An interrupt request from GPIO Port A or Comparator. PAxI--Port A Pin x Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for GPIO Port A pin x. 1 = An interrupt request from GPIO Port A pin x is awaiting service. where x indicates the specific GPIO Port pin number (0-5). PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 62 Interrupt Request 2 Register The Interrupt Request 2 (IRQ2) register (Table 35) stores interrupt requests for both vectored and polled interrupts. When a request is presented to the interrupt controller, the corresponding bit in the IRQ2 register becomes 1. If interrupts are globally enabled (vectored interrupts), the interrupt controller passes an interrupt request to the eZ8 CPU. If interrupts are globally disabled (polled interrupts), the eZ8 CPU can read the Interrupt Request 2 register to determine if any interrupt requests are pending. Table 35. Interrupt Request 2 Register (IRQ2) BITS 7 6 4 Reserved FIELD 3 2 1 0 PC3I PC2I PC1I PC0I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 5 FC6H ADDR Reserved--Must be 0. PCxI--Port C Pin x Interrupt Request 0 = No interrupt request is pending for GPIO Port C pin x. 1 = An interrupt request from GPIO Port C pin x is awaiting service. where x indicates the specific GPIO Port C pin number (0-3). IRQ0 Enable High and Low Bit Registers Table 36 describes the priority control for IRQ0. The IRQ0 Enable High and Low Bit registers (Table 37 and Table 38) form a priority encoded enabling for interrupts in the Interrupt Request 0 register. Table 36. IRQ0 Enable and Priority Encoding IRQ0ENH[x] IRQ0ENL[x] Priority Description 0 0 Disabled Disabled 0 1 Level 1 Low 1 0 Level 2 Medium 1 1 Level 3 High where x indicates the register bits from 0-7. PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 63 Table 37. IRQ0 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ0ENH) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD Reserved T1ENH T0ENH U0RENH U0TENH Reserved Reserved ADCENH RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W FC1H ADDR Reserved--Must be 0. T1ENH--Timer 1 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit T0ENH--Timer 0 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit U0RENH--UART 0 Receive Interrupt Request Enable High Bit U0TENH--UART 0 Transmit Interrupt Request Enable High Bit ADCENH--ADC Interrupt Request Enable High Bit Table 38. IRQ0 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ0ENL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD Reserved T1ENL T0ENL U0RENL U0TENL Reserved Reserved ADCENL RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R/W FC2H ADDR Reserved--Must be 0. T1ENL--Timer 1 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit T0ENL--Timer 0 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit U0RENL--UART 0 Receive Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit U0TENL--UART 0 Transmit Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit ADCENL--ADC Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit IRQ1 Enable High and Low Bit Registers Table 39 describes the priority control for IRQ1. The IRQ1 Enable High and Low Bit registers (Table 40 and Table 41) form a priority encoded enabling for interrupts in the Interrupt Request 1 register. PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 64 Table 39. IRQ1 Enable and Priority Encoding IRQ1ENH[x] IRQ1ENL[x] Priority Description 0 0 Disabled Disabled 0 1 Level 1 Low 1 0 Level 2 Medium 1 1 Level 3 High where x indicates the register bits from 0-7. Table 40. IRQ1 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ1ENH) BITS FIELD 7 PA7VENH PA6CENH 5 4 3 2 1 0 PA5ENH PA4ENH PA3ENH PA2ENH PA1ENH PA0ENH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 6 FC4H ADDR PA7VENH--Port A Bit[7] or LVD Interrupt Request Enable High Bit PA6CENH--Port A Bit[7] or Comparator Interrupt Request Enable High Bit PAxENH--Port A Bit[x] Interrupt Request Enable High Bit See Shared Interrupt Select (IRQSS) register for selection of either the LVD or the comparator as the interrupt source. Table 41. IRQ1 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ1ENL) BITS FIELD 7 PA7VENL PA6CENL 5 4 3 2 1 0 PA5ENL PA4ENL PA3ENL PA2ENL PA1ENL PA0ENL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 6 ADDR FC5H PA7VENL--Port A Bit[7] or LVD Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit PA6CENL--Port A Bit[6] or Comparator Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit PAxENL--Port A Bit[x] Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 65 IRQ2 Enable High and Low Bit Registers Table 42 describes the priority control for IRQ2. The IRQ2 Enable High and Low Bit registers (Table 43 and Table 44) form a priority encoded enabling for interrupts in the Interrupt Request 2 register. Table 42. IRQ2 Enable and Priority Encoding IRQ2ENH[x] IRQ2ENL[x] Priority Description 0 0 Disabled Disabled 0 1 Level 1 Low 1 0 Level 2 Medium 1 1 Level 3 High where x indicates the register bits from 0-7. Table 43. IRQ2 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ2ENH) BITS 7 6 5 4 Reserved FIELD 2 1 0 C3ENH C2ENH C1ENH C0ENH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 3 FC7H ADDR Reserved--Must be 0. C3ENH--Port C3 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit C2ENH--Port C2 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit C1ENH--Port C1 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit C0ENH--Port C0 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit Table 44. IRQ2 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ2ENL) BITS 7 6 5 3 Reserved FIELD 2 1 0 C3ENL C2ENL C1ENL C0ENL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 4 ADDR PS022825-0908 FC8H Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 66 Reserved--Must be 0. C3ENL--Port C3 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit C2ENL--Port C2 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit C1ENL--Port C1 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit C0ENL--Port C0 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit Interrupt Edge Select Register The Interrupt Edge Select (IRQES) register (Table 45) determines whether an interrupt is generated for the rising edge or falling edge on the selected GPIO Port A input pin. Table 45. Interrupt Edge Select Register (IRQES) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD IES7 IES6 IES5 IES4 IES3 IES2 IES1 IES0 RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W FCDH ADDR IESx--Interrupt Edge Select x 0 = An interrupt request is generated on the falling edge of the PAx input. 1 = An interrupt request is generated on the rising edge of the PAx input. where x indicates the specific GPIO Port pin number (0 through 7). Shared Interrupt Select Register The Shared Interrupt Select (IRQSS) register (Table 46) determines the source of the PADxS interrupts. The Shared Interrupt Select register selects between Port A and alternate sources for the individual interrupts. Because these shared interrupts are edge-triggered, it is possible to generate an interrupt just by switching from one shared source to another. For this reason, an interrupt must be disabled before switching between sources. PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 67 Table 46. Shared Interrupt Select Register (IRQSS) BITS 7 6 FIELD PA7VS PA6CS RESET 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W Reserved FCEH ADDR PA7VS--PA7/LVD Selection 0 = PA7 is used for the interrupt for PA7VS interrupt request. 1 = The LVD is used for the interrupt for PA7VS interrupt request. PA6CS--PA6/Comparator Selection 0 = PA6 is used for the interrupt for PA6CS interrupt request. 1 = The Comparator is used for the interrupt for PA6CS interrupt request. Reserved--Must be 0. Interrupt Control Register The Interrupt Control (IRQCTL) register (Table 47) contains the master enable bit for all interrupts. Table 47. Interrupt Control Register (IRQCTL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD IRQE RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R R R R R R R R/W Reserved FCFH ADDR IRQE--Interrupt Request Enable This bit is set to 1 by executing an EI (Enable Interrupts) or IRET (Interrupt Return) instruction, or by a direct register write of a 1 to this bit. It is reset to 0 by executing a DI instruction, eZ8 CPU acknowledgement of an interrupt request, Reset or by a direct register write of a 0 to this bit. 0 = Interrupts are disabled. 1 = Interrupts are enabled. Reserved--Must be 0. PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 68 PS022825-0908 Interrupt Controller Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 69 Timers These Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products contain two 16-bit reloadable timers that can be used for timing, event counting, or generation of pulse-width modulated (PWM) signals. The timers' feature include: * * * * * 16-bit reload counter. * * Timer output pin. Programmable prescaler with prescale values from 1 to 128. PWM output generation. Capture and compare capability. External input pin for timer input, clock gating, or capture signal. External input pin signal frequency is limited to a maximum of one-fourth the system clock frequency. Timer interrupt. In addition to the timers described in this chapter, the Baud Rate Generator of the UART (if unused) may also provide basic timing functionality. For information on using the Baud Rate Generator as an additional timer, see Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter on page 97. Architecture Figure 9 on page 70 displays the architecture of the timers. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 70 Timer Block Block Control 16-Bit Reload Register System Clock Compare Timer Control Data Bus Timer Input Gate Input 16-Bit PWM/Compare Capture Input Compare 16-Bit Counter with Prescaler Interrupt, PWM, and Timer Output Control Timer Interrupt Timer Output Timer Output Complement Figure 9. Timer Block Diagram Operation The timers are 16-bit up-counters. Minimum time-out delay is set by loading the value 0001H into the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers and setting the prescale value to 1. Maximum time-out delay is set by loading the value 0000H into the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers and setting the prescale value to 128. If the Timer reaches FFFFH, the timer rolls over to 0000H and continues counting. Timer Operating Modes The timers can be configured to operate in the following modes: ONE-SHOT Mode In ONE-SHOT mode, the timer counts up to the 16-bit Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low byte registers. The timer input is the system clock. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt and the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H. The timer is automatically disabled and stops counting. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 71 Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state for one system clock cycle (from Low to High or from High to Low) upon timer Reload. If it is appropriate to have the Timer Output make a state change at a One-Shot time-out (rather than a single cycle pulse), first set the TPOL bit in the Timer Control Register to the start value before enabling ONE-SHOT mode. After starting the timer, set TPOL to the opposite bit value. Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for ONE-SHOT mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer - Configure the timer for ONE-SHOT mode. - Set the prescale value. - Set the initial output level (High or Low) if using the Timer Output alternate function. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value. 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value. 4. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. 5. If using the Timer Output function, configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Output alternate function. 6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting. In ONE-SHOT mode, the system clock always provides the timer input. The timer period is given by the following equation: Reload Value - Start Value x Prescale ONE-SHOT Mode Time-Out Period ( s ) = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------System Clock Frequency ( Hz ) CONTINUOUS Mode In CONTINUOUS mode, the timer counts up to the 16-bit Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. The timer input is the system clock. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H and counting resumes. Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to High or from High to Low) at timer Reload. Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for CONTINUOUS mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer - Configure the timer for CONTINUOUS mode. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 72 - - Set the prescale value. If using the Timer Output alternate function, set the initial output level (High or Low). 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value (usually 0001H). This action only affects the first pass in CONTINUOUS mode. After the first timer Reload in CONTINUOUS mode, counting always begins at the reset value of 0001H. 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value. 4. Enable the timer interrupt (if appropriate) and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. 5. Configure the associated GPIO port pin (if using the Timer Output function) for the Timer Output alternate function. 6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting. In CONTINUOUS mode, the system clock always provides the timer input. The timer period is given by the following equation: Reload Value x Prescale CONTINUOUS Mode Time-Out Period (s) = -----------------------------------------------------------------------System Clock Frequency (Hz) If an initial starting value other than 0001H is loaded into the Timer High and Low Byte registers, use the ONE-SHOT mode equation to determine the first time-out period. COUNTER Mode In COUNTER mode, the timer counts input transitions from a GPIO port pin. The timer input is taken from the GPIO Port pin Timer Input alternate function. The TPOL bit in the Timer Control Register selects whether the count occurs on the rising edge or the falling edge of the Timer Input signal. In COUNTER mode, the prescaler is disabled. Caution: The input frequency of the Timer Input signal must not exceed one-fourth the system clock frequency. Further, the high or low state of the input signal pulse must be no less than twice the system clock period. A shorter pulse may not be captured. Upon reaching the Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H and counting resumes. Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to High or from High to Low) at timer Reload. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 73 Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for COUNTER mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for COUNTER mode. - Select either the rising edge or falling edge of the Timer Input signal for the count. This selection also sets the initial logic level (High or Low) for the Timer Output alternate function. However, the Timer Output function is not required to be enabled. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value. This only affects the first pass in COUNTER mode. After the first timer Reload in COUNTER mode, counting always begins at the reset value of 0001H. In COUNTER mode the Timer High and Low Byte registers must be written with the value 0001H. 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value. 4. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. 5. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function. 6. If using the Timer Output function, configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Output alternate function. 7. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer. In COUNTER mode, the number of Timer Input transitions since the timer start is given by the following equation: COUNTER Mode Timer Input Transitions = Current Count Value - Start Value COMPARATOR COUNTER Mode In COMPARATOR COUNTER mode, the timer counts input transitions from the analog comparator output. The TPOL bit in the Timer Control Register selects whether the count occurs on the rising edge or the falling edge of the comparator output signal. In COMPARATOR COUNTER mode, the prescaler is disabled. Caution: The frequency of the comparator output signal must not exceed one-fourth the system clock frequency. Further, the high or low state of the comparator output signal pulse must be no less than twice the system clock period. A shorter pulse may not be captured. After reaching the Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H and counting resumes. Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to High or from High to Low) at timer Reload. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 74 Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for COMPARATOR COUNTER mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for COMPARATOR COUNTER mode. - Select either the rising edge or falling edge of the comparator output signal for the count. This also sets the initial logic level (High or Low) for the Timer Output alternate function. However, the Timer Output function is not required to be enabled. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value. This action only affects the first pass in COMPARATOR COUNTER mode. After the first timer Reload in COMPARATOR COUNTER mode, counting always begins at the reset value of 0001H. Generally, in COMPARATOR COUNTER mode the Timer High and Low Byte registers must be written with the value 0001H. 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value. 4. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. 5. If using the Timer Output function, configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Output alternate function. 6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer. In COMPARATOR COUNTER mode, the number of comparator output transitions since the timer start is given by the following equation: Comparator Output Transitions = Current Count Value - Start Value PWM SINGLE OUTPUT Mode In PWM SINGLE OUTPUT mode, the timer outputs a Pulse-Width Modulator (PWM) output signal through a GPIO Port pin. The timer input is the system clock. The timer first counts up to the 16-bit PWM match value stored in the Timer PWM High and Low Byte registers. When the timer count value matches the PWM value, the Timer Output toggles. The timer continues counting until it reaches the Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H and counting resumes. If the TPOL bit in the Timer Control register is set to 1, the Timer Output signal begins as a High (1) and transitions to a Low (0) when the timer value matches the PWM value. The Timer Output signal returns to a High (1) after the timer reaches the Reload value and is reset to 0001H. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 75 If the TPOL bit in the Timer Control register is set to 0, the Timer Output signal begins as a Low (0) and transitions to a High (1) when the timer value matches the PWM value. The Timer Output signal returns to a Low (0) after the timer reaches the Reload value and is reset to 0001H. Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for PWM SINGLE OUTPUT mode and initiating the PWM operation: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for PWM SINGLE OUTPUT mode. - Set the prescale value. - Set the initial logic level (High or Low) and PWM High/Low transition for the Timer Output alternate function. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value (typically 0001H). This only affects the first pass in PWM mode. After the first timer reset in PWM mode, counting always begins at the reset value of 0001H. 3. Write to the PWM High and Low Byte registers to set the PWM value. 4. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value (PWM period). The Reload value must be greater than the PWM value. 5. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. 6. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Output alternate function. 7. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting. The PWM period is represented by the following equation: Reload Value x Prescale PWM Period (s) = -----------------------------------------------------------------------System Clock Frequency (Hz) If an initial starting value other than 0001H is loaded into the Timer High and Low Byte registers, use the ONE-SHOT mode equation to determine the first PWM time-out period. If TPOL is set to 0, the ratio of the PWM output High time to the total period is represented by: Reload Value - PWM Value PWM Output High Time Ratio (%) = ------------------------------------------------------------------ x 100 Reload Value If TPOL is set to 1, the ratio of the PWM output High time to the total period is represented by: PWM Value PWM Output High Time Ratio (%) = -------------------------------- x 100 Reload Value PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 76 PWM DUAL OUTPUT Mode In PWM DUAL OUTPUT mode, the timer outputs a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) output signal pair (basic PWM signal and its complement) through two GPIO Port pins. The timer input is the system clock. The timer first counts up to the 16-bit PWM match value stored in the Timer PWM High and Low Byte registers. When the timer count value matches the PWM value, the Timer Output toggles. The timer continues counting until it reaches the Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H and counting resumes. If the TPOL bit in the Timer Control register is set to 1, the Timer Output signal begins as a High (1) and transitions to a Low (0) when the timer value matches the PWM value. The Timer Output signal returns to a High (1) after the timer reaches the Reload value and is reset to 0001H. If the TPOL bit in the Timer Control register is set to 0, the Timer Output signal begins as a Low (0) and transitions to a High (1) when the timer value matches the PWM value. The Timer Output signal returns to a Low (0) after the timer reaches the Reload value and is reset to 0001H. The timer also generates a second PWM output signal Timer Output Complement. The Timer Output Complement is the complement of the Timer Output PWM signal. A programmable deadband delay can be configured to time delay (0 to 128 system clock cycles) PWM output transitions on these two pins from a low to a high (inactive to active). This ensures a time gap between the deassertion of one PWM output to the assertion of its complement. Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for PWM DUAL OUTPUT mode and initiating the PWM operation: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for PWM DUAL OUTPUT mode by writing the TMODE bits in the TxCTL1 register and the TMODEHI bit in TxCTL0 register. - Set the prescale value. - Set the initial logic level (High or Low) and PWM High/Low transition for the Timer Output alternate function. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value (typically 0001H). This only affects the first pass in PWM mode. After the first timer reset in PWM mode, counting always begins at the reset value of 0001H. 3. Write to the PWM High and Low Byte registers to set the PWM value. 4. Write to the PWM Control register to set the PWM dead band delay value. The deadband delay must be less than the duration of the positive phase of the PWM signal (as defined by the PWM high and low byte registers). It must also be less than the PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 77 duration of the negative phase of the PWM signal (as defined by the difference between the PWM registers and the Timer Reload registers). 5. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value (PWM period). The Reload value must be greater than the PWM value. 6. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. 7. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Output and Timer Output Complement alternate functions. The Timer Output Complement function is shared with the Timer Input function for both timers. Setting the timer mode to Dual PWM automatically switches the function from Timer In to Timer Out Complement. 8. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting. The PWM period is represented by the following equation: Reload Value xPrescale PWM Period (s) = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------System Clock Frequency (Hz) If an initial starting value other than 0001H is loaded into the Timer High and Low Byte registers, the ONE-SHOT mode equation determines the first PWM time-out period. If TPOL is set to 0, the ratio of the PWM output High time to the total period is represented by: Reload Value - PWM Value PWM Output High Time Ratio (%) = ------------------------------------------------------------------- x 100 Reload Value If TPOL is set to 1, the ratio of the PWM output High time to the total period is represented by: PWM Value PWM Output High Time Ratio (%) = -------------------------------- x 100 Reload Value CAPTURE Mode In CAPTURE mode, the current timer count value is recorded when the appropriate external Timer Input transition occurs. The Capture count value is written to the Timer PWM High and Low Byte Registers. The timer input is the system clock. The TPOL bit in the Timer Control register determines if the Capture occurs on a rising edge or a falling edge of the Timer Input signal. When the Capture event occurs, an interrupt is generated and the timer continues counting. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL0 register is set to indicate the timer interrupt is because of an input capture event. The timer continues counting up to the 16-bit Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt and continues counting. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL0 register clears indicating the timer interrupt is not because of an input capture event. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 78 Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for CAPTURE mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for CAPTURE mode. - Set the prescale value. - Set the Capture edge (rising or falling) for the Timer Input. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value (typically 0001H). 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value. 4. Clear the Timer PWM High and Low Byte registers to 0000H. Clearing these registers allows the software to determine if interrupts were generated by either a capture event or a reload. If the PWM High and Low Byte registers still contain 0000H after the interrupt, the interrupt was generated by a Reload. 5. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. By default, the timer interrupt is generated for both input capture and reload events. If appropriate, configure the timer interrupt to be generated only at the input capture event or the reload event by setting TICONFIG field of the TxCTL0 register. 6. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function. 7. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting. In CAPTURE mode, the elapsed time from timer start to Capture event can be calculated using the following equation: ( Capture Value - Start Value ) x Prescale Capture Elapsed Time (s) = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------System Clock Frequency (Hz) CAPTURE RESTART Mode In CAPTURE RESTART mode, the current timer count value is recorded when the acceptable external Timer Input transition occurs. The Capture count value is written to the Timer PWM High and Low Byte Registers. The timer input is the system clock. The TPOL bit in the Timer Control register determines if the Capture occurs on a rising edge or a falling edge of the Timer Input signal. When the Capture event occurs, an interrupt is generated and the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H and counting resumes. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL0 register is set to indicate the timer interrupt is because of an input capture event. If no Capture event occurs, the timer counts up to the 16-bit Compare value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 79 0001H and counting resumes. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL0 register is cleared to indicate the timer interrupt is not caused by an input capture event. Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for CAPTURE RESTART mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for CAPTURE RESTART mode by writing the TMODE bits in the TxCTL1 register and the TMODEHI bit in TxCTL0 register. - Set the prescale value. - Set the Capture edge (rising or falling) for the Timer Input. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value (typically 0001H). 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value. 4. Clear the Timer PWM High and Low Byte registers to 0000H. This allows the software to determine if interrupts were generated by either a capture event or a reload. If the PWM High and Low Byte registers still contain 0000H after the interrupt, the interrupt was generated by a Reload. 5. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. By default, the timer interrupt is generated for both input capture and reload events. If appropriate, configure the timer interrupt to be generated only at the input capture event or the reload event by setting TICONFIG field of the TxCTL0 register. 6. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function. 7. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting. In CAPTURE mode, the elapsed time from timer start to Capture event can be calculated using the following equation: ( Capture Value - Start Value ) x Prescale Capture Elapsed Time (s) = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------System Clock Frequency (Hz) COMPARE Mode In COMPARE mode, the timer counts up to the 16-bit maximum Compare value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. The timer input is the system clock. Upon reaching the Compare value, the timer generates an interrupt and counting continues (the timer value is not reset to 0001H). Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to High or from High to Low) upon Compare. If the Timer reaches FFFFH, the timer rolls over to 0000H and continue counting. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 80 Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for COMPARE mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for COMPARE mode. - Set the prescale value. - Set the initial logic level (High or Low) for the Timer Output alternate function, if appropriate. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value. 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Compare value. 4. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. 5. If using the Timer Output function, configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Output alternate function. 6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting. In COMPARE mode, the system clock always provides the timer input. The Compare time can be calculated by the following equation: ( Compare Value - Start Value ) x Prescale COMPARE Mode Time (s) = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------System Clock Frequency (Hz) GATED Mode In GATED mode, the timer counts only when the Timer Input signal is in its active state (asserted), as determined by the TPOL bit in the Timer Control register. When the Timer Input signal is asserted, counting begins. A timer interrupt is generated when the Timer Input signal is deasserted or a timer reload occurs. To determine if a Timer Input signal deassertion generated the interrupt, read the associated GPIO input value and compare to the value stored in the TPOL bit. The timer counts up to the 16-bit Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. The timer input is the system clock. When reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H and counting resumes (assuming the Timer Input signal remains asserted). Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to High or from High to Low) at timer reset. Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for GATED mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for GATED mode. - Set the prescale value. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 81 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value. Writing these registers only affects the first pass in GATED mode. After the first timer reset in GATED mode, counting always begins at the reset value of 0001H. 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value. 4. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers. By default, the timer interrupt is generated for both input deassertion and reload events. If appropriate, configure the timer interrupt to be generated only at the input deassertion event or the reload event by setting TICONFIG field of the TxCTL0 register. 5. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function. 6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer. 7. Assert the Timer Input signal to initiate the counting. CAPTURE/COMPARE Mode In CAPTURE/COMPARE mode, the timer begins counting on the first external Timer Input transition. The acceptable transition (rising edge or falling edge) is set by the TPOL bit in the Timer Control Register. The timer input is the system clock. Every subsequent acceptable transition (after the first) of the Timer Input signal captures the current count value. The Capture value is written to the Timer PWM High and Low Byte Registers. When the Capture event occurs, an interrupt is generated, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H, and counting resumes. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL0 register is set to indicate the timer interrupt is caused by an input capture event. If no Capture event occurs, the timer counts up to the 16-bit Compare value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Compare value, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to 0001H and counting resumes. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL0 register is cleared to indicate the timer interrupt is not because of an input capture event. Follow the steps below for configuring a timer for CAPTURE/COMPARE mode and initiating the count: 1. Write to the Timer Control register to: - Disable the timer. - Configure the timer for CAPTURE/COMPARE mode. - Set the prescale value. - Set the Capture edge (rising or falling) for the Timer Input. 2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value (typically 0001H). 3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Compare value. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 82 4. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing to the relevant interrupt registers.By default, the timer interrupt are generated for both input capture and reload events. If appropriate, configure the timer interrupt to be generated only at the input capture event or the reload event by setting TICONFIG field of the TxCTL0 register. 5. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function. 6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer. 7. Counting begins on the first appropriate transition of the Timer Input signal. No interrupt is generated by this first edge. In CAPTURE/COMPARE mode, the elapsed time from timer start to Capture event can be calculated using the following equation: ( Capture Value - Start Value ) x Prescale Capture Elapsed Time (s) = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------System Clock Frequency (Hz) Reading the Timer Count Values The current count value in the timers can be read while counting (enabled). This capability has no effect on timer operation. When the timer is enabled and the Timer High Byte register is read, the contents of the Timer Low Byte register are placed in a holding register. A subsequent read from the Timer Low Byte register returns the value in the holding register. This operation allows accurate reads of the full 16-bit timer count value while enabled. When the timers are not enabled, a read from the Timer Low Byte register returns the actual value in the counter. Timer Pin Signal Operation Timer Output is a GPIO Port pin alternate function. The Timer Output is toggled every time the counter is reloaded. The Timer Input can be used as a selectable counting source. It shares the same pin as the complementary timer output. When selected by the GPIO Alternate Function Registers, this pin functions as a timer input in all modes except for the DUAL PWM OUTPUT mode. For this mode, there is no timer input available. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 83 Timer Control Register Definitions Timer 0-1 Control Registers Time 0-1 Control Register 0 The Timer Control Register 0 (TxCTL0) and Timer Control Register 1 (TxCTL1) determine the timer operating mode (Table 48). It also includes a programmable PWM deadband delay, two bits to configure timer interrupt definition, and a status bit to identify if the most recent timer interrupt is caused by an input capture event. Table 48. Timer 0-1 Control Register 0 (TxCTL0) BITS 7 6 5 3 Reserved 2 1 PWMD 0 FIELD TMODEHI RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W TICONFIG 4 INPCAP F06H, F0EH ADDR TMODEHI--Timer Mode High Bit This bit along with the TMODE field in TxCTL1 register determines the operating mode of the timer. This is the most significant bit of the Timer mode selection value. See the TxCTL1 register description for details of the full timer mode decoding. TICONFIG--Timer Interrupt Configuration This field configures timer interrupt definition. 0x = Timer Interrupt occurs on all defined Reload, Compare and Input Events 10 = Timer Interrupt only on defined Input Capture/Deassertion Events 11 = Timer Interrupt only on defined Reload/Compare Events Reserved--Must be 0. PWMD--PWM Delay value This field is a programmable delay to control the number of system clock cycles delay before the Timer Output and the Timer Output Complement are forced to their active state. 000 = No delay 001 = 2 cycles delay 010 = 4 cycles delay 011 = 8 cycles delay 100 = 16 cycles delay 101 = 32 cycles delay PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 84 110 = 64 cycles delay 111 = 128 cycles delay INPCAP--Input Capture Event This bit indicates if the most recent timer interrupt is caused by a Timer Input Capture Event. 0 = Previous timer interrupt is not a result of Timer Input Capture Event 1 = Previous timer interrupt is a result of Timer Input Capture Event Timer 0-1 Control Register 1 The Timer 0-1 Control (TxCTL1) registers enable/disable the timers, set the prescaler value, and determine the timer operating mode (Table 49). Table 49. Timer 0-1 Control Register 1 (TxCTL1) BITS 7 6 FIELD TEN TPOL RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 5 4 3 2 PRES 1 0 TMODE F07H, F0FH ADDR TEN--Timer Enable 0 = Timer is disabled. 1 = Timer enabled to count. TPOL--Timer Input/Output Polarity Operation of this bit is a function of the current operating mode of the timer. ONE-SHOT mode When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit. When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer Reload. CONTINUOUS mode When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit. When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer Reload. COUNTER mode If the timer is enabled the Timer Output signal is complemented after timer reload. 0 = Count occurs on the rising edge of the Timer Input signal. 1 = Count occurs on the falling edge of the Timer Input signal. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 85 PWM SINGLE OUTPUT mode 0 = Timer Output is forced Low (0) when the timer is disabled. When enabled, the Timer Output is forced High (1) upon PWM count match and forced Low (0) upon Reload. 1 = Timer Output is forced High (1) when the timer is disabled. When enabled, the Timer Output is forced Low (0) upon PWM count match and forced High (1) upon Reload. CAPTURE mode 0 = Count is captured on the rising edge of the Timer Input signal. 1 = Count is captured on the falling edge of the Timer Input signal. COMPARE mode When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit. When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer Reload. GATED mode 0 = Timer counts when the Timer Input signal is High (1) and interrupts are generated on the falling edge of the Timer Input. 1 = Timer counts when the Timer Input signal is Low (0) and interrupts are generated on the rising edge of the Timer Input. CAPTURE/COMPARE mode 0 = Counting is started on the first rising edge of the Timer Input signal. The current count is captured on subsequent rising edges of the Timer Input signal. 1 = Counting is started on the first falling edge of the Timer Input signal. The current count is captured on subsequent falling edges of the Timer Input signal. PWM DUAL OUTPUT mode 0 = Timer Output is forced Low (0) and Timer Output Complement is forced High (1) when the timer is disabled. When enabled, the Timer Output is forced High (1) upon PWM count match and forced Low (0) upon Reload. When enabled, the Timer Output Complement is forced Low (0) upon PWM count match and forced High (1) upon Reload. The PWMD field in TxCTL0 register is a programmable delay to control the number of cycles time delay before the Timer Output and the Timer Output Complement is forced to High (1). 1 = Timer Output is forced High (1) and Timer Output Complement is forced Low (0) when the timer is disabled. When enabled, the Timer Output is forced Low (0) upon PWM count match and forced High (1) upon Reload.When enabled, the Timer Output Complement is forced High (1) upon PWM count match and forced Low (0) upon Reload. The PWMD field in TxCTL0 register is a programmable delay to control the number of cycles time delay before the Timer Output and the Timer Output Complement is forced to Low (0). PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 86 CAPTURE RESTART mode 0 = Count is captured on the rising edge of the Timer Input signal. 1 = Count is captured on the falling edge of the Timer Input signal. COMPARATOR COUNTER mode When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit. When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer Reload. Also: 0 = Count is captured on the rising edge of the comparator output. 1 = Count is captured on the falling edge of the comparator output. Caution: When the Timer Output alternate function TxOUT on a GPIO port pin is enabled, TxOUT changes to whatever state the TPOL bit is in.The timer does not need to be enabled for that to happen. Also, the Port data direction sub register is not needed to be set to output on TxOUT. Changing the TPOL bit with the timer enabled and running does not immediately change the TxOUT. PRES--Prescale value The timer input clock is divided by 2PRES, where PRES can be set from 0 to 7. The prescaler is reset each time the Timer is disabled. This reset ensures proper clock division each time the Timer is restarted. 000 = Divide by 1 001 = Divide by 2 010 = Divide by 4 011 = Divide by 8 100 = Divide by 16 101 = Divide by 32 110 = Divide by 64 111 = Divide by 128 TMODE--Timer mode This field along with the TMODEHI bit in TxCTL0 register determines the operating mode of the timer. TMODEHI is the most significant bit of the Timer mode selection value. The entire operating mode bits are expressed as {TMODEHI, TMODE[2:0]}. The TMODEHI is bit 7 of the TxCTL0 register while TMODE[2:0] is the lower 3 bits of the TxCTL1 register. 0000 = ONE-SHOT mode 0001 = CONTINUOUS mode 0010 = COUNTER mode 0011 = PWM SINGLE OUTPUT mode 0100 = CAPTURE mode 0101 = COMPARE mode 0110 = GATED mode 0111 = CAPTURE/COMPARE mode PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 87 1000 = PWM DUAL OUTPUT mode 1001 = CAPTURE RESTART mode 1010 = COMPARATOR COUNTER mode Timer 0-1 High and Low Byte Registers The Timer 0-1 High and Low Byte (TxH and TxL) registers (Table 50 and Table 51) contain the current 16-bit timer count value. When the timer is enabled, a read from TxH causes the value in TxL to be stored in a temporary holding register. A read from TxL always returns this temporary register when the timers are enabled. When the timer is disabled, reads from TxL read the register directly. Writing to the Timer High and Low Byte registers while the timer is enabled is not recommended. There are no temporary holding registers available for write operations, so simultaneous 16-bit writes are not possible. If either the Timer High or Low Byte registers are written during counting, the 8-bit written value is placed in the counter (High or Low Byte) at the next clock edge. The counter continues counting from the new value. Table 50. Timer 0-1 High Byte Register (TxH) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 TH FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 3 2 1 0 RESET R/W 3 F00H, F08H ADDR Table 51. Timer 0-1 Low Byte Register (TxL) BITS 7 6 5 4 TL FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W F01H, F09H ADDR TH and TL--Timer High and Low Bytes These 2 bytes, {TH[7:0], TL[7:0]}, contain the current 16-bit timer count value. Timer Reload High and Low Byte Registers The Timer 0-1 Reload High and Low Byte (TxRH and TxRL) registers (Table 52 and Table 53) store a 16-bit reload value, {TRH[7:0], TRL[7:0]}. Values written to the Timer Reload High Byte register are stored in a temporary holding register. When a write to the PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 88 Timer Reload Low Byte register occurs, the temporary holding register value is written to the Timer High Byte register. This operation allows simultaneous updates of the 16-bit Timer Reload value. In COMPARE mode, the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers store the 16-bit Compare value. Table 52. Timer 0-1 Reload High Byte Register (TxRH) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 TRH FIELD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 3 2 1 0 RESET R/W 3 F02H, F0AH ADDR Table 53. Timer 0-1 Reload Low Byte Register (TxRL) BITS 7 6 5 4 TRL FIELD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W F03H, F0BH ADDR TRH and TRL--Timer Reload Register High and Low These two bytes form the 16-bit Reload value, {TRH[7:0], TRL[7:0]}. This value sets the maximum count value which initiates a timer reload to 0001H. In COMPARE mode, these two bytes form the 16-bit Compare value. Timer 0-1 PWM High and Low Byte Registers The Timer 0-1 PWM High and Low Byte (TxPWMH and TxPWML) registers (Table 54 and Table 55) control Pulse-Width Modulator (PWM) operations. These registers also store the Capture values for the CAPTURE and CAPTURE/COMPARE modes. Table 54. Timer 0-1 PWM High Byte Register (TxPWMH) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 PWMH FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 3 ADDR PS022825-0908 F04H, F0CH Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 89 Table 55. Timer 0-1 PWM Low Byte Register (TxPWML) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 PWML FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 3 ADDR F05H, F0DH PWMH and PWML--Pulse-Width Modulator High and Low Bytes These two bytes, {PWMH[7:0], PWML[7:0]}, form a 16-bit value that is compared to the current 16-bit timer count. When a match occurs, the PWM output changes state. The PWM output value is set by the TPOL bit in the Timer Control Register (TxCTL1) register. The TxPWMH and TxPWML registers also store the 16-bit captured timer value when operating in CAPTURE or CAPTURE/COMPARE modes. PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 90 PS022825-0908 Timers Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 91 Watchdog Timer The Watchdog Timer (WDT) protects against corrupt or unreliable software, power faults, and other system-level problems which may place the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices into unsuitable operating states. The features of Watchdog Timer include: * * * On-chip RC oscillator. A selectable time-out response: reset or interrupt. 24-bit programmable time-out value. Operation The Watchdog Timer is a one-shot timer that resets or interrupts the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices when the WDT reaches its terminal count. The Watchdog Timer uses a dedicated on-chip RC oscillator as its clock source. The Watchdog Timer operates in only two modes: ON and OFF. Once enabled, it always counts and must be refreshed to prevent a time-out. Perform an enable by executing the WDT instruction or by setting the WDT_AO Flash Option Bit. The WDT_AO bit forces the Watchdog Timer to operate immediately upon reset, even if a WDT instruction has not been executed. The Watchdog Timer is a 24-bit reloadable downcounter that uses three 8-bit registers in the eZ8 CPU register space to set the reload value. The nominal WDT time-out period is described by the following equation: WDT Time-out Period (ms) WDT Reload Value = -----------------------------------------10 where the WDT reload value is the decimal value of the 24-bit value given by {WDTU[7:0], WDTH[7:0], WDTL[7:0]} and the typical Watchdog Timer RC oscillator frequency is 10 kHz. The Watchdog Timer cannot be refreshed after it reaches 000002H. The WDT Reload Value must not be set to values below 000004H. Table 56 provides information about approximate time-out delays for the minimum and maximum WDT reload values. Table 56. Watchdog Timer Approximate Time-Out Delays WDT Reload Value (Hex) 000004 FFFFFF PS022825-0908 WDT Reload Value (Decimal) 4 16,777,215 Approximate Time-Out Delay (with 10 kHz typical WDT oscillator frequency) Typical Description 400 s Minimum time-out delay 28 minutes Maximum time-out delay Watchdog Timer Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 92 Watchdog Timer Refresh When first enabled, the Watchdog Timer is loaded with the value in the Watchdog Timer Reload registers. The Watchdog Timer counts down to 000000H unless a WDT instruction is executed by the eZ8 CPU. Execution of the WDT instruction causes the downcounter to be reloaded with the WDT Reload value stored in the Watchdog Timer Reload registers. Counting resumes following the reload operation. When the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices are operating in DEBUG mode (using the on-chip debugger), the Watchdog Timer is continuously refreshed to prevent any Watchdog Timer time-outs. Watchdog Timer Time-Out Response The Watchdog Timer times out when the counter reaches 000000H. A time-out of the Watchdog Timer generates either an interrupt or a system reset. The WDT_RES Flash Option Bit determines the time-out response of the Watchdog Timer. For information on programming the WDT_RES Flash Option Bit, see Flash Option Bits on page 153. WDT Interrupt in Normal Operation If configured to generate an interrupt when a time-out occurs, the Watchdog Timer issues an interrupt request to the interrupt controller and sets the WDT status bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register (see Reset Status Register on page 30). If interrupts are enabled, the eZ8 CPU responds to the interrupt request by fetching the Watchdog Timer interrupt vector and executing code from the vector address. After time-out and interrupt generation, the Watchdog Timer counter rolls over to its maximum value of FFFFFH and continues counting. The Watchdog Timer counter is not automatically returned to its Reload Value. The Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register must be read before clearing the WDT interrupt. This read clears the WDT timeout Flag and prevents further WDT interrupts from immediately occurring. WDT Interrupt in STOP Mode If configured to generate an interrupt when a time-out occurs and the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices are in STOP mode, the Watchdog Timer automatically initiates a Stop Mode Recovery and generates an interrupt request. Both the WDT status bit and the STOP bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register are set to 1 following a WDT time-out in STOP mode. For more information on Stop Mode Recovery, see Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection on page 23. If interrupts are enabled, following completion of the Stop Mode Recovery the eZ8 CPU responds to the interrupt request by fetching the Watchdog Timer interrupt vector and executing code from the vector address. PS022825-0908 Watchdog Timer Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 93 WDT Reset in Normal Operation If configured to generate a Reset when a time-out occurs, the Watchdog Timer forces the device into the System Reset state. The WDT status bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is set to 1. For more information on system reset, see Reset, Stop Mode Recovery, and Low Voltage Detection on page 23. WDT Reset in STOP Mode If configured to generate a Reset when a time-out occurs and the device is in STOP mode, the Watchdog Timer initiates a Stop Mode Recovery. Both the WDT status bit and the STOP bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register are set to 1 following WDT time-out in STOP mode. Watchdog Timer Reload Unlock Sequence Writing the unlock sequence to the Watchdog Timer (WDTCTL) Control register address unlocks the three Watchdog Timer Reload Byte registers (WDTU, WDTH, and WDTL) to allow changes to the time-out period. These write operations to the WDTCTL register address produce no effect on the bits in the WDTCTL register. The locking mechanism prevents spurious writes to the Reload registers. Follow the steps below to unlock the Watchdog Timer Reload Byte registers (WDTU, WDTH, and WDTL) for write access. 1. Write 55H to the Watchdog Timer Control register (WDTCTL). 2. Write AAH to the Watchdog Timer Control register (WDTCTL). 3. Write the Watchdog Timer Reload Upper Byte register (WDTU) with the desired time-out value. 4. Write the Watchdog Timer Reload High Byte register (WDTH) with the desired time-out value. 5. Write the Watchdog Timer Reload Low Byte register (WDTL) with the desired time-out value. All three Watchdog Timer Reload registers must be written in the order just listed. There must be no other register writes between each of these operations. If a register write occurs, the lock state machine resets and no further writes can occur unless the sequence is restarted. The value in the Watchdog Timer Reload registers is loaded into the counter when the Watchdog Timer is first enabled and every time a WDT instruction is executed. Watchdog Timer Calibration Due to its extremely low operating current, the Watchdog Timer oscillator is somewhat inaccurate. This variation can be corrected using the calibration data stored in the Flash Information Page (see Table 97 and Table 98 on page 165). Loading these values into the PS022825-0908 Watchdog Timer Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 94 Watchdog Timer Reload Registers results in a one-second timeout at room temperature and 3.3 V supply voltage. Timeouts other than one second may be obtained by scaling the calibration values up or down as required. Note: The Watchdog Timer accuracy still degrades as temperature and supply voltage vary. See Table 133 on page 230 for details. Watchdog Timer Control Register Definitions Watchdog Timer Control Register The Watchdog Timer Control (WDTCTL) register is a write-only control register. Writing the 55H, AAH unlock sequence to the WDTCTL register address unlocks the three Watchdog Timer Reload Byte registers (WDTU, WDTH, and WDTL) to allow changes to the time-out period. These write operations to the WDTCTL register address produce no effect on the bits in the WDTCTL register. The locking mechanism prevents spurious writes to the Reload registers. This register address is shared with the read-only Reset Status register. Table 57. Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTCTL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 WDTUNLK FIELD RESET X X X X X X X X R/W W W W W W W W W FF0H ADDR X = Undefined. WDTUNLK--Watchdog Timer Unlock The software must write the correct unlocking sequence to this register before it is allowed to modify the contents of the Watchdog Timer reload registers. Watchdog Timer Reload Upper, High and Low Byte Registers The Watchdog Timer Reload Upper, High and Low Byte (WDTU, WDTH, WDTL) registers (Table 58 through Table 60) form the 24-bit reload value that is loaded into the Watchdog Timer when a WDT instruction executes. The 24-bit reload value is {WDTU[7:0], WDTH[7:0], WDTL[7:0]}. Writing to these registers sets the appropriate Reload Value. Reading from these registers returns the current Watchdog Timer count value. PS022825-0908 Watchdog Timer Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 95 Caution: The 24-bit WDT Reload Value must not be set to a value less than 000004H. Table 58. Watchdog Timer Reload Upper Byte Register (WDTU) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 FIELD WDTU RESET 00H R/W R/W* ADDR FF1H 2 1 0 R/W* - Read returns the current WDT count value. Write sets the appropriate Reload Value. WDTU--WDT Reload Upper Byte Most-significant byte (MSB), Bits[23:16], of the 24-bit WDT reload value. Table 59. Watchdog Timer Reload High Byte Register (WDTH) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 FIELD WDTH RESET 04H R/W R/W* ADDR FF2H 2 1 0 R/W* - Read returns the current WDT count value. Write sets the appropriate Reload Value. WDTH--WDT Reload High Byte Middle byte, Bits[15:8], of the 24-bit WDT reload value. Table 60. Watchdog Timer Reload Low Byte Register (WDTL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 FIELD WDTL RESET 00H R/W R/W* ADDR FF3H 2 1 0 R/W* - Read returns the current WDT count value. Write sets the appropriate Reload Value. WDTL--WDT Reload Low Least significant byte (LSB), Bits[7:0], of the 24-bit WDT reload value. PS022825-0908 Watchdog Timer Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 96 PS022825-0908 Watchdog Timer Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 97 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter The universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) is a full-duplex communication channel capable of handling asynchronous data transfers. The UART uses a single 8-bit data mode with selectable parity. Features of the UART include: * * * * * * * * 8-bit asynchronous data transfer. * * Baud rate generator (BRG) can be configured and used as a basic 16-bit timer. Selectable even- and odd-parity generation and checking. Option of one or two STOP bits. Separate transmit and receive interrupts. Framing, parity, overrun and break detection. Separate transmit and receive enables. 16-bit baud rate generator (BRG). Selectable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode with three configurable interrupt schemes. Driver enable (DE) output for external bus transceivers. Architecture The UART consists of three primary functional blocks: transmitter, receiver, and baud rate generator. The UART's transmitter and receiver function independently, but employ the same baud rate and data format. Figure 10 on page 98 displays the UART architecture. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 98 Parity Checker Receiver Control with Address Compare RXD Receive Shifter Receive Data Register Control Registers System Bus Transmit Data Register Status Register Baud Rate Generator Transmit Shift Register TXD Transmitter Control Parity Generator CTS DE Figure 10. UART Block Diagram Operation Data Format The UART always transmits and receives data in an 8-bit data format, least-significant bit first. An even or odd parity bit can be added to the data stream. Each character begins with an active Low START bit and ends with either 1 or 2 active High STOP bits. Figure 11 and Figure 12 display the asynchronous data format employed by the UART without parity and with parity, respectively. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 99 1 Data Field Idle State of Line Stop Bit(s) lsb Start msb Bit0 Bit1 Bit2 Bit3 Bit4 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 0 1 2 Figure 11. UART Asynchronous Data Format without Parity 1 Stop Bit(s) Data Field Idle State of Line lsb Start Bit0 msb Bit1 Bit2 Bit3 Bit4 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 Parity 0 1 2 Figure 12. UART Asynchronous Data Format with Parity Transmitting Data using the Polled Method Follow the steps below to transmit data using the polled method of operation: 1. Write to the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers to set the required baud rate. 2. Enable the UART pin functions by configuring the associated GPIO Port pins for alternate function operation. 3. Write to the UART Control 1 register, if MULTIPROCESSOR mode is appropriate, to enable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode functions. 4. Set the Multiprocessor Mode Select (MPEN) bit to enable MULTIPROCESSOR mode. 5. Write to the UART Control 0 register to: - Set the transmit enable bit (TEN) to enable the UART for data transmission. - Set the parity enable bit (PEN), if parity is appropriate and MULTIPROCESSOR mode is not enabled, and select either even or odd parity (PSEL). - Set or clear the CTSE bit to enable or disable control from the remote receiver using the CTS pin. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 100 6. Check the TDRE bit in the UART Status 0 register to determine if the Transmit Data register is empty (indicated by a 1). If empty, continue to Step 7. If the Transmit Data register is full (indicated by a 0), continue to monitor the TDRE bit until the Transmit Data register becomes available to receive new data. 7. Write the UART Control 1 register to select the outgoing address bit. 8. Set the Multiprocessor Bit Transmitter (MPBT) if sending an address byte, clear it if sending a data byte. 9. Write the data byte to the UART Transmit Data register. The transmitter automatically transfers the data to the Transmit Shift register and transmits the data. 10. Make any changes to the Multiprocessor Bit Transmitter (MPBT) value, if appropriate and MULTIPROCESSOR mode is enabled. 11. To transmit additional bytes, return to Step 5. Transmitting Data using the Interrupt-Driven Method The UART Transmitter interrupt indicates the availability of the Transmit Data register to accept new data for transmission. Follow the steps below to configure the UART for interrupt-driven data transmission: 1. Write to the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers to set the appropriate baud rate. 2. Enable the UART pin functions by configuring the associated GPIO Port pins for alternate function operation. 3. Execute a DI instruction to disable interrupts. 4. Write to the Interrupt control registers to enable the UART Transmitter interrupt and set the acceptable priority. 5. Write to the UART Control 1 register to enable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode functions, if MULTIPROCESSOR mode is appropriate. 6. Set the MULTIPROCESSOR Mode Select (MPEN) to Enable MULTIPROCESSOR mode. 7. Write to the UART Control 0 register to: - Set the transmit enable bit (TEN) to enable the UART for data transmission. - Enable parity, if appropriate and if MULTIPROCESSOR mode is not enabled, and select either even or odd parity. - Set or clear CTSE to enable or disable control from the remote receiver using the CTS pin. 8. Execute an EI instruction to enable interrupts. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 101 The UART is now configured for interrupt-driven data transmission. Because the UART Transmit Data register is empty, an interrupt is generated immediately. When the UART Transmit interrupt is detected, the associated interrupt service routine (ISR) performs the following: 1. Write the UART Control 1 register to select the multiprocessor bit for the byte to be transmitted: 2. Set the Multiprocessor Bit Transmitter (MPBT) if sending an address byte, clear it if sending a data byte. 3. Write the data byte to the UART Transmit Data register. The transmitter automatically transfers the data to the Transmit Shift register and transmits the data. 4. Clear the UART Transmit interrupt bit in the applicable Interrupt Request register. 5. Execute the IRET instruction to return from the interrupt-service routine and wait for the Transmit Data register to again become empty. Receiving Data using the Polled Method Follow the steps below to configure the UART for polled data reception: 1. Write to the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers to set an acceptable baud rate for the incoming data stream. 2. Enable the UART pin functions by configuring the associated GPIO Port pins for alternate function operation. 3. Write to the UART Control 1 register to enable MULTIPROCESSOR mode functions, if appropriate. 4. Write to the UART Control 0 register to: - Set the receive enable bit (REN) to enable the UART for data reception - Enable parity, if appropriate and if Multiprocessor mode is not enabled, and select either even or odd parity. 5. Check the RDA bit in the UART Status 0 register to determine if the Receive Data register contains a valid data byte (indicated by a 1). If RDA is set to 1 to indicate available data, continue to Step 5. If the Receive Data register is empty (indicated by a 0), continue to monitor the RDA bit awaiting reception of the valid data. 6. Read data from the UART Receive Data register. If operating in MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode, further actions may be required depending on the MULTIPROCESSOR mode bits MPMD[1:0]. 7. Return to Step 4 to receive additional data. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 102 Receiving Data using the Interrupt-Driven Method The UART Receiver interrupt indicates the availability of new data (as well as error conditions). Follow the steps below to configure the UART receiver for interrupt-driven operation: 1. Write to the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers to set the acceptable baud rate. 2. Enable the UART pin functions by configuring the associated GPIO Port pins for alternate function operation. 3. Execute a DI instruction to disable interrupts. 4. Write to the Interrupt control registers to enable the UART Receiver interrupt and set the acceptable priority. 5. Clear the UART Receiver interrupt in the applicable Interrupt Request register. 6. Write to the UART Control 1 Register to enable Multiprocessor (9-bit) mode functions, if appropriate. - Set the Multiprocessor Mode Select (MPEN) to Enable MULTIPROCESSOR mode. - Set the Multiprocessor Mode Bits, MPMD[1:0], to select the acceptable address matching scheme. - Configure the UART to interrupt on received data and errors or errors only (interrupt on errors only is unlikely to be useful for Z8 Encore!(R) devices without a DMA block) 7. Write the device address to the Address Compare Register (automatic MULTIPROCESSOR modes only). 8. Write to the UART Control 0 register to: - Set the receive enable bit (REN) to enable the UART for data reception - Enable parity, if appropriate and if multiprocessor mode is not enabled, and select either even or odd parity. 9. Execute an EI instruction to enable interrupts. The UART is now configured for interrupt-driven data reception. When the UART Receiver interrupt is detected, the associated interrupt service routine (ISR) performs the following: 1. Checks the UART Status 0 register to determine the source of the interrupt - error, break, or received data. 2. Reads the data from the UART Receive Data register if the interrupt was because of data available. If operating in MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode, further actions may be required depending on the MULTIPROCESSOR mode bits MPMD[1:0]. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 103 3. Clears the UART Receiver interrupt in the applicable Interrupt Request register. 4. Executes the IRET instruction to return from the interrupt-service routine and await more data. Clear To Send (CTS) Operation The CTS pin, if enabled by the CTSE bit of the UART Control 0 register, performs flow control on the outgoing transmit datastream. The Clear To Send (CTS) input pin is sampled one system clock before beginning any new character transmission. To delay transmission of the next data character, an external receiver must deassert CTS at least one system clock cycle before a new data transmission begins. For multiple character transmissions, this action is typically performed during Stop Bit transmission. If CTS deasserts in the middle of a character transmission, the current character is sent completely. MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) Mode The UART has a MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode that uses an extra (9th) bit for selective communication when a number of processors share a common UART bus. In MULTIPROCESSOR mode (also referred to as 9-bit mode), the multiprocessor bit (MP) is transmitted immediately following the 8-bits of data and immediately preceding the Stop bit(s) as displayed in Figure 13. The character format is: 1 Stop Bit(s) Data Field Idle State of Line lsb Start Bit0 msb Bit1 Bit2 Bit3 Bit4 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 MP 0 1 2 Figure 13. UART Asynchronous MULTIPROCESSOR Mode Data Format In MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode, the Parity bit location (9th bit) becomes the Multiprocessor control bit. The UART Control 1 and Status 1 registers provide MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode control and status information. If an automatic address matching scheme is enabled, the UART Address Compare register holds the network address of the device. MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) Mode Receive Interrupts When MULTIPROCESSOR mode is enabled, the UART only processes frames addressed to it. The determination of whether a frame of data is addressed to the UART can be made in hardware, software or some combination of the two, depending on the multiprocessor PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 104 configuration bits. In general, the address compare feature reduces the load on the CPU, because it does not require access to the UART when it receives data directed to other devices on the multi-node network. The following three MULTIPROCESSOR modes are available in hardware: 1. Interrupt on all address bytes. 2. Interrupt on matched address bytes and correctly framed data bytes. 3. Interrupt only on correctly framed data bytes. These modes are selected with MPMD[1:0] in the UART Control 1 Register. For all multiprocessor modes, bit MPEN of the UART Control 1 Register must be set to 1. The first scheme is enabled by writing 01b to MPMD[1:0]. In this mode, all incoming address bytes cause an interrupt, while data bytes never cause an interrupt. The interrupt service routine must manually check the address byte that caused triggered the interrupt. If it matches the UART address, the software clears MPMD[0]. Each new incoming byte interrupts the CPU. The software is responsible for determining the end of the frame. It checks for the end-of-frame by reading the MPRX bit of the UART Status 1 Register for each incoming byte. If MPRX=1, a new frame has begun. If the address of this new frame is different from the UART's address, MPMD[0] must be set to 1 causing the UART interrupts to go inactive until the next address byte. If the new frame's address matches the UART's, the data in the new frame is processed as well. The second scheme requires the following: set MPMD[1:0] to 10B and write the UART's address into the UART Address Compare Register. This mode introduces additional hardware control, interrupting only on frames that match the UART's address. When an incoming address byte does not match the UART's address, it is ignored. All successive data bytes in this frame are also ignored. When a matching address byte occurs, an interrupt is issued and further interrupts now occur on each successive data byte. When the first data byte in the frame is read, the NEWFRM bit of the UART Status 1 Register is asserted. All successive data bytes have NEWFRM=0. When the next address byte occurs, the hardware compares it to the UART's address. If there is a match, the interrupts continues and the NEWFRM bit is set for the first byte of the new frame. If there is no match, the UART ignores all incoming bytes until the next address match. The third scheme is enabled by setting MPMD[1:0] to 11b and by writing the UART's address into the UART Address Compare Register. This mode is identical to the second scheme, except that there are no interrupts on address bytes. The first data byte of each frame remains accompanied by a NEWFRM assertion. External Driver Enable The UART provides a Driver Enable (DE) signal for off-chip bus transceivers. This feature reduces the software overhead associated with using a GPIO pin to control the transceiver when communicating on a multi-transceiver bus, such as RS-485. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 105 Driver Enable is an active High signal that envelopes the entire transmitted data frame including parity and Stop bits as displayed in Figure 14. The Driver Enable signal asserts when a byte is written to the UART Transmit Data register. The Driver Enable signal asserts at least one UART bit period and no greater than two UART bit periods before the Start bit is transmitted. This allows a setup time to enable the transceiver. The Driver Enable signal deasserts one system clock period after the final Stop bit is transmitted. This one system clock delay allows both time for data to clear the transceiver before disabling it, as well as the ability to determine if another character follows the current character. In the event of back to back characters (new data must be written to the Transmit Data Register before the previous character is completely transmitted) the DE signal is not deasserted between characters. The DEPOL bit in the UART Control Register 1 sets the polarity of the Driver Enable signal. 1 DE 0 1 Data Field Idle State of Line Stop Bit lsb Start Bit0 msb Bit1 Bit2 Bit3 Bit4 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 Parity 0 1 Figure 14. UART Driver Enable Signal Timing (shown with 1 Stop Bit and Parity) The Driver Enable to Start bit setup time is calculated as follows: 1 ---------------------------------------- Baud Rate (Hz) 2 - DE to Start Bit Setup Time (s) --------------------------------------- Baud Rate (Hz) UART Interrupts The UART features separate interrupts for the transmitter and the receiver. In addition, when the UART primary functionality is disabled, the Baud Rate Generator can also function as a basic timer with interrupt capability. Transmitter Interrupts The transmitter generates a single interrupt when the Transmit Data Register Empty bit (TDRE) is set to 1. This indicates that the transmitter is ready to accept new data for transmission. The TDRE interrupt occurs after the Transmit shift register has shifted the first bit of data out. The Transmit Data register can now be written with the next character to PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 106 send. This action provides 7 bit periods of latency to load the Transmit Data register before the Transmit shift register completes shifting the current character. Writing to the UART Transmit Data register clears the TDRE bit to 0. Receiver Interrupts The receiver generates an interrupt when any of the following occurs: * A data byte is received and is available in the UART Receive Data register. This interrupt can be disabled independently of the other receiver interrupt sources. The received data interrupt occurs after the receive character has been received and placed in the Receive Data register. To avoid an overrun error, software must respond to this received data available condition before the next character is completely received. Note: In MULTIPROCESSOR mode (MPEN = 1), the receive data interrupts are dependent on the multiprocessor configuration and the most recent address byte. * * * A break is received. An overrun is detected. A data framing error is detected. UART Overrun Errors When an overrun error condition occurs the UART prevents overwriting of the valid data currently in the Receive Data register. The Break Detect and Overrun status bits are not displayed until after the valid data has been read. After the valid data has been read, the UART Status 0 register is updated to indicate the overrun condition (and Break Detect, if applicable). The RDA bit is set to 1 to indicate that the Receive Data register contains a data byte. However, because the overrun error occurred, this byte may not contain valid data and must be ignored. The BRKD bit indicates if the overrun was caused by a break condition on the line. After reading the status byte indicating an overrun error, the Receive Data register must be read again to clear the error bits is the UART Status 0 register. Updates to the Receive Data register occur only when the next data word is received. UART Data and Error Handling Procedure Figure 15 displays the recommended procedure for use in UART receiver interrupt service routines. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 107 Receiver Ready Receiver Interrupt Read Status No Errors? Yes Read Data which clears RDA bit and resets error bits Read Data Discard Data Figure 15. UART Receiver Interrupt Service Routine Flow Baud Rate Generator Interrupts If the baud rate generator (BRG) interrupt enable is set, the UART Receiver interrupt asserts when the UART Baud Rate Generator reloads. This condition allows the Baud Rate Generator to function as an additional counter if the UART functionality is not employed. UART Baud Rate Generator The UART Baud Rate Generator creates a lower frequency baud rate clock for data transmission. The input to the Baud Rate Generator is the system clock. The UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers combine to create a 16-bit baud rate divisor value PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 108 (BRG[15:0]) that sets the data transmission rate (baud rate) of the UART. The UART data rate is calculated using the following equation: UART Data Rate (bits/s) System Clock Frequency (Hz) = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 x UART Baud Rate Divisor Value When the UART is disabled, the Baud Rate Generator functions as a basic 16-bit timer with interrupt on time-out. Follow the steps below to configure the Baud Rate Generator as a timer with interrupt on time-out: 1. Disable the UART by clearing the REN and TEN bits in the UART Control 0 register to 0. 2. Load the acceptable 16-bit count value into the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers. 3. Enable the Baud Rate Generator timer function and associated interrupt by setting the BRGCTL bit in the UART Control 1 register to 1. When configured as a general purpose timer, the interrupt interval is calculated using the following equation: Interrupt Interval ( s ) = System Clock Period (s) x BRG [ 15:0 ] UART Control Register Definitions The UART control registers support the UART and the associated Infrared Encoder/ Decoders. For more information on infrared operation, see Infrared Encoder/Decoder on page 117. UART Control 0 and Control 1 Registers The UART Control 0 (UxCTL0) and Control 1 (UxCTL1) registers (Table 61 and Table 62) configure the properties of the UART's transmit and receive operations. The UART Control registers must not be written while the UART is enabled. Table 61. UART Control 0 Register (U0CTL0) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD TEN REN CTSE PEN PSEL SBRK STOP LBEN RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W ADDR F42H TEN--Transmit Enable This bit enables or disables the transmitter. The enable is also controlled by the CTS signal PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 109 and the CTSE bit. If the CTS signal is Low and the CTSE bit is 1, the transmitter is enabled. 0 = Transmitter disabled. 1 = Transmitter enabled. REN--Receive Enable This bit enables or disables the receiver. 0 = Receiver disabled. 1 = Receiver enabled. CTSE--CTS Enable 0 = The CTS signal has no effect on the transmitter. 1 = The UART recognizes the CTS signal as an enable control from the transmitter. PEN--Parity Enable This bit enables or disables parity. Even or odd is determined by the PSEL bit. 0 = Parity is disabled. 1 = The transmitter sends data with an additional parity bit and the receiver receives an additional parity bit. PSEL--Parity Select 0 = Even parity is transmitted and expected on all received data. 1 = Odd parity is transmitted and expected on all received data. SBRK--Send Break This bit pauses or breaks data transmission. Sending a break interrupts any transmission in progress, so ensure that the transmitter has finished sending data before setting this bit. 0 = No break is sent. 1 = Forces a break condition by setting the output of the transmitter to zero. STOP--Stop Bit Select 0 = The transmitter sends one stop bit. 1 = The transmitter sends two stop bits. LBEN--Loop Back Enable 0 = Normal operation. 1 = All transmitted data is looped back to the receiver. Table 62. UART Control 1 Register (U0CTL1) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD MPMD[1] MPEN MPMD[0] MPBT DEPOL BRGCTL RDAIRQ IREN RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W ADDR PS022825-0908 F43H Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 110 MPMD[1:0]--MULTIPROCESSOR Mode If MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode is enabled, 00 = The UART generates an interrupt request on all received bytes (data and address). 01 = The UART generates an interrupt request only on received address bytes. 10 = The UART generates an interrupt request when a received address byte matches the value stored in the Address Compare Register and on all successive data bytes until an address mismatch occurs. 11 = The UART generates an interrupt request on all received data bytes for which the most recent address byte matched the value in the Address Compare Register. MPEN--MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) Enable This bit is used to enable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode. 0 = Disable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode. 1 = Enable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode. MPBT--Multiprocessor Bit Transmit This bit is applicable only when MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode is enabled. The 9th bit is used by the receiving device to determine if the data byte contains address or data information. 0 = Send a 0 in the multiprocessor bit location of the data stream (data byte). 1 = Send a 1 in the multiprocessor bit location of the data stream (address byte). DEPOL--Driver Enable Polarity 0 = DE signal is Active High. 1 = DE signal is Active Low. BRGCTL--Baud Rate Control This bit causes an alternate UART behavior depending on the value of the REN bit in the UART Control 0 Register. When the UART receiver is not enabled (REN=0), this bit determines whether the Baud Rate Generator issues interrupts. 0 = Reads from the Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers return the BRG Reload Value 1 = The Baud Rate Generator generates a receive interrupt when it counts down to 0. Reads from the Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers return the current BRG count value. When the UART receiver is enabled (REN=1), this bit allows reads from the Baud Rate Registers to return the BRG count value instead of the Reload Value. 0 = Reads from the Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers return the BRG Reload Value. 1 = Reads from the Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers return the current BRG count value. Unlike the Timers, there is no mechanism to latch the Low Byte when the High Byte is read. RDAIRQ--Receive Data Interrupt Enable 0 = Received data and receiver errors generates an interrupt request to the Interrupt Controller. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 111 1 = Received data does not generate an interrupt request to the Interrupt Controller. Only receiver errors generate an interrupt request. IREN--Infrared Encoder/Decoder Enable 0 = Infrared Encoder/Decoder is disabled. UART operates normally. 1 = Infrared Encoder/Decoder is enabled. The UART transmits and receives data through the Infrared Encoder/Decoder. UART Status 0 Register The UART Status 0 (UxSTAT0) and Status 1(UxSTAT1) registers (Table 63 and Table 64) identify the current UART operating configuration and status. Table 63. UART Status 0 Register (U0STAT0) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD RDA PE OE FE BRKD TDRE TXE CTS RESET 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 X R/W R R R R R R R R F41H ADDR RDA--Receive Data Available This bit indicates that the UART Receive Data register has received data. Reading the UART Receive Data register clears this bit. 0 = The UART Receive Data register is empty. 1 = There is a byte in the UART Receive Data register. PE--Parity Error This bit indicates that a parity error has occurred. Reading the UART Receive Data register clears this bit. 0 = No parity error has occurred. 1 = A parity error has occurred. OE--Overrun Error This bit indicates that an overrun error has occurred. An overrun occurs when new data is received and the UART Receive Data register has not been read. If the RDA bit is reset to 0, reading the UART Receive Data register clears this bit. 0 = No overrun error occurred. 1 = An overrun error occurred. FE--Framing Error This bit indicates that a framing error (no Stop bit following data reception) was detected. Reading the UART Receive Data register clears this bit. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 112 0 = No framing error occurred. 1 = A framing error occurred. BRKD--Break Detect This bit indicates that a break occurred. If the data bits, parity/multiprocessor bit, and Stop bit(s) are all 0s this bit is set to 1. Reading the UART Receive Data register clears this bit. 0 = No break occurred. 1 = A break occurred. TDRE--Transmitter Data Register Empty This bit indicates that the UART Transmit Data register is empty and ready for additional data. Writing to the UART Transmit Data register resets this bit. 0 = Do not write to the UART Transmit Data register. 1 = The UART Transmit Data register is ready to receive an additional byte to be transmitted. TXE--Transmitter Empty This bit indicates that the transmit shift register is empty and character transmission is finished. 0 = Data is currently transmitting. 1 = Transmission is complete. CTS--CTS signal When this bit is read it returns the level of the CTS signal. This signal is active Low. UART Status 1 Register This register contains multiprocessor control and status bits. Table 64. UART Status 1 Register (U0STAT1) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 Reserved FIELD 1 0 NEWFRM MPRX RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R R R R R/W R/W R R F44H ADDR Reserved--Must be 0. NEWFRM--Status bit denoting the start of a new frame. Reading the UART Receive Data register resets this bit to 0. 0 = The current byte is not the first data byte of a new frame. 1 = The current byte is the first data byte of a new frame. PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 113 MPRX--Multiprocessor Receive Returns the value of the most recent multiprocessor bit received. Reading from the UART Receive Data register resets this bit to 0. UART Transmit Data Register Data bytes written to the UART Transmit Data (UxTXD) register (Table 65) are shifted out on the TXDx pin. The Write-only UART Transmit Data register shares a Register File address with the read-only UART Receive Data register. Table 65. UART Transmit Data Register (U0TXD) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TXD FIELD RESET X X X X X X X X R/W W W W W W W W W F40H ADDR TXD--Transmit Data UART transmitter data byte to be shifted out through the TXDx pin. UART Receive Data Register Data bytes received through the RXDx pin are stored in the UART Receive Data (UxRXD) register (Table 66). The read-only UART Receive Data register shares a Register File address with the Write-only UART Transmit Data register. Table 66. UART Receive Data Register (U0RXD) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RXD FIELD RESET X X X X X X X X R/W R R R R R R R R ADDR F40H X = Undefined. RXD--Receive Data UART receiver data byte from the RXDx pin PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 114 UART Address Compare Register The UART Address Compare (UxADDR) register stores the multi-node network address of the UART (see Table 67). When the MPMD[1] bit of UART Control Register 0 is set, all incoming address bytes are compared to the value stored in the Address Compare register. Receive interrupts and RDA assertions only occur in the event of a match. Table 67. UART Address Compare Register (U0ADDR) BITS 7 6 5 3 2 1 0 COMP_ADDR FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 4 F45H ADDR COMP_ADDR--Compare Address This 8-bit value is compared to incoming address bytes. UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte Registers The UART Baud Rate High (UxBRH) and Low Byte (UxBRL) registers (Table 68 and Table 69) combine to create a 16-bit baud rate divisor value (BRG[15:0]) that sets the data transmission rate (baud rate) of the UART. Table 68. UART Baud Rate High Byte Register (U0BRH) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 BRH FIELD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 3 2 1 0 RESET R/W 3 F46H ADDR Table 69. UART Baud Rate Low Byte Register (U0BRL) BITS 7 6 5 4 BRL FIELD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W ADDR PS022825-0908 F47H Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 115 The UART data rate is calculated using the following equation: System Clock Frequency (Hz) UART Baud Rate (bits/s) = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 x UART Baud Rate Divisor Value For a given UART data rate, calculate the integer baud rate divisor value using the following equation: System Clock Frequency (Hz) UART Baud Rate Divisor Value (BRG) = Round ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 x UART Data Rate (bits/s) The baud rate error relative to the acceptable baud rate is calculated using the following equation: Actual Data Rate - Desired Data Rate UART Baud Rate Error (%) = 100 x ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Desired Data Rate For reliable communication, the UART baud rate error must never exceed 5 percent. Table 70 provides information on the data rate errors for popular baud rates and commonly used crystal oscillator frequencies. Table 70. UART Baud Rates 10.0 MHz System Clock 5.5296 MHz System Clock Acceptable BRG Divisor Actual Rate Rate (kHz) (Decimal) (kHz) Error (%) Acceptable BRG Divisor Actual Rate Rate (kHz) (Decimal) (kHz) Error (%) 1250.0 N/A N/A N/A 1250.0 N/A N/A N/A 625.0 1 625.0 0.00 625.0 N/A N/A N/A 250.0 3 208.33 -16.67 250.0 1 345.6 38.24 115.2 5 125.0 8.51 115.2 3 115.2 0.00 57.6 11 56.8 -1.36 57.6 6 57.6 0.00 38.4 16 39.1 1.73 38.4 9 38.4 0.00 19.2 33 18.9 0.16 19.2 18 19.2 0.00 9.60 65 9.62 0.16 9.60 36 9.60 0.00 4.80 130 4.81 0.16 4.80 72 4.80 0.00 2.40 260 2.40 -0.03 2.40 144 2.40 0.00 1.20 521 1.20 -0.03 1.20 288 1.20 0.00 0.60 1042 0.60 -0.03 0.60 576 0.60 0.00 0.30 2083 0.30 0.2 0.30 1152 0.30 0.00 PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 116 Table 70. UART Baud Rates (Continued) 3.579545 MHz System Clock 1.8432 MHz System Clock Acceptable BRG Divisor Actual Rate Rate (kHz) (Decimal) (kHz) Error (%) Acceptable BRG Divisor Actual Rate Rate (kHz) (Decimal) (kHz) Error (%) 1250.0 N/A N/A N/A 1250.0 N/A N/A N/A 625.0 N/A N/A N/A 625.0 N/A N/A N/A 250.0 1 223.72 -10.51 250.0 N/A N/A N/A 115.2 2 111.9 -2.90 115.2 1 115.2 0.00 57.6 4 55.9 -2.90 57.6 2 57.6 0.00 38.4 6 37.3 -2.90 38.4 3 38.4 0.00 19.2 12 18.6 -2.90 19.2 6 19.2 0.00 9.60 23 9.73 1.32 9.60 12 9.60 0.00 4.80 47 4.76 -0.83 4.80 24 4.80 0.00 2.40 93 2.41 0.23 2.40 48 2.40 0.00 1.20 186 1.20 0.23 1.20 96 1.20 0.00 0.60 373 0.60 -0.04 0.60 192 0.60 0.00 0.30 746 0.30 -0.04 0.30 384 0.30 0.00 PS022825-0908 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 117 Infrared Encoder/Decoder The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products contain a fully-functional, high-performance UART to Infrared Encoder/Decoder (Endec). The Infrared Endec is integrated with an on-chip UART to allow easy communication between the Z8 Encore! and IrDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 1.3-compliant infrared transceivers. Infrared communication provides secure, reliable, low-cost, point-to-point communication between PCs, PDAs, cell phones, printers, and other infrared enabled devices. Architecture Figure 16 displays the architecture of the Infrared Endec. System Clock Infrared Transceiver RxD TxD UART Interrupt I/O Signal Address Baud Rate Clock RXD Infrared Encoder/Decoder (Endec) TXD RXD TXD Data Figure 16. Infrared Data Communication System Block Diagram Operation When the Infrared Endec is enabled, the transmit data from the associated on-chip UART is encoded as digital signals in accordance with the IrDA standard and output to the infrared transceiver through the TXD pin. Likewise, data received from the infrared transceiver is passed to the Infrared Endec through the RXD pin, decoded by the Infrared PS022825-0908 Infrared Encoder/Decoder Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 118 Endec, and passed to the UART. Communication is half-duplex, which means simultaneous data transmission and reception is not allowed. The baud rate is set by the UART's Baud Rate Generator and supports IrDA standard baud rates from 9600 baud to 115.2 kbaud. Higher baud rates are possible, but do not meet IrDA specifications. The UART must be enabled to use the Infrared Endec. The Infrared Endec data rate is calculated using the following equation: Infrared Data Rate (bits/s) System Clock Frequency (Hz) = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 x UART Baud Rate Divisor Value Transmitting IrDA Data The data to be transmitted using the infrared transceiver is first sent to the UART. The UART's transmit signal (TXD) and baud rate clock are used by the IrDA to generate the modulation signal (IR_TXD) that drives the infrared transceiver. Each UART/Infrared data bit is 16 clocks wide. If the data to be transmitted is 1, the IR_TXD signal remains low for the full 16 clock period. If the data to be transmitted is 0, the transmitter first outputs a 7 clock low period, followed by a 3 clock high pulse. Finally, a 6 clock low pulse is output to complete the full 16 clock data period. Figure 17 displays IrDA data transmission. When the Infrared Endec is enabled, the UART's TXD signal is internal to the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products while the IR_TXD signal is output through the TXD pin. 16 clock period Baud Rate Clock UART's TXD Start Bit = 0 Data Bit 0 = 1 Data Bit 1 = 0 Data Bit 2 = 1 Data Bit 3 = 1 3 clock pulse IR_TXD 7-clock delay Figure 17. Infrared Data Transmission PS022825-0908 Infrared Encoder/Decoder Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 119 Receiving IrDA Data Data received from the infrared transceiver using the IR_RXD signal through the RXD pin is decoded by the Infrared Endec and passed to the UART. The UART's baud rate clock is used by the Infrared Endec to generate the demodulated signal (RXD) that drives the UART. Each UART/Infrared data bit is 16-clocks wide. Figure 18 displays data reception. When the Infrared Endec is enabled, the UART's RXD signal is internal to the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products while the IR_RXD signal is received through the RXD pin. 16 clock period Baud Rate Clock Start Bit = 0 Data Bit 0 = 1 Data Bit 1 = 0 Data Bit 2 = 1 Data Bit 3 = 1 IR_RXD min. 1.4 s pulse UART's RXD Start Bit = 0 8 clock delay 16 clock period Data Bit 0 = 1 16 clock period Data Bit 1 = 0 16 clock period Data Bit 2 = 1 Data Bit 3 = 1 16 clock period Figure 18. IrDA Data Reception Infrared Data Reception Caution: The system clock frequency must be at least 1.0 MHz to ensure proper reception of the 1.4 s minimum width pulses allowed by the IrDA standard. Endec Receiver Synchronization The IrDA receiver uses a local baud rate clock counter (0 to 15 clock periods) to generate an input stream for the UART and to create a sampling window for detection of incoming pulses. The generated UART input (UART RXD) is delayed by 8 baud rate clock periods with respect to the incoming IrDA data stream. When a falling edge in the input data stream is detected, the Endec counter is reset. When the count reaches a value of 8, the UART RXD value is updated to reflect the value of the decoded data. When the count reaches 12 baud clock periods, the sampling window for the next incoming pulse opens. The window remains open until the count again reaches 8 (that is, 24 baud clock periods since the previous pulse was detected), giving the Endec a sampling window of minus four PS022825-0908 Infrared Encoder/Decoder Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 120 baud rate clocks to plus eight baud rate clocks around the expected time of an incoming pulse. If an incoming pulse is detected inside this window this process is repeated. If the incoming data is a logical 1 (no pulse), the Endec returns to the initial state and waits for the next falling edge. As each falling edge is detected, the Endec clock counter is reset, resynchronizing the Endec to the incoming signal, allowing the Endec to tolerate jitter and baud rate errors in the incoming datastream. Resynchronizing the Endec does not alter the operation of the UART, which ultimately receives the data. The UART is only synchronized to the incoming data stream when a Start bit is received. Infrared Encoder/Decoder Control Register Definitions All Infrared Endec configuration and status information is set by the UART control registers as defined in Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter on page 97. Caution: To prevent spurious signals during IrDA data transmission, set the IREN bit in the UART Control 1 register to 1 to enable the Infrared Encoder/Decoder before enabling the GPIO Port alternate function for the corresponding pin. PS022825-0908 Infrared Encoder/Decoder Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 121 Analog-to-Digital Converter The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts an analog input signal to its digital representation. The features of this sigma-delta ADC include: * * * 11-bit resolution in DIFFERENTIAL mode. * * * * * * * 9th analog input obtained from temperature sensor peripheral. 10-bit resolution in SINGLE-ENDED mode. Eight single-ended analog input sources are multiplexed with general-purpose I/O ports. 11 pairs of differential inputs also multiplexed with general-purpose I/O ports. Low-power operational amplifier (LPO). Interrupt on conversion complete. Bandgap generated internal voltage reference with two selectable levels. Manual in-circuit calibration is possible employing user code (offset calibration). Factory calibrated for in-circuit error compensation. Architecture Figure 19 displays the major functional blocks of the ADC. An analog multiplexer network selects the ADC input from the available analog pins, ANA0 through ANA7. The input stage of the ADC allows both differential gain and buffering. The following input options are available: * * * PS022825-0908 Unbuffered input (SINGLE-ENDED and DIFFERENTIAL modes). Buffered input with unity gain (SINGLE-ENDED and DIFFERENTIAL modes). LPO output with full pin access to the feedback path. Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 122 2 Vrefsel Internal Voltage Reference Generator VREF pin Analog Input Multiplexer VREFEXT ADC 13 Data ANA0 ANA1 ANA2 ANA3 ANA4 ANA5 Ref Input 13 bit Sigma-Delta ADC Buffer Amplifier 4 Analog In - - Analog In + + Analog Input Multiplexer ANA0 ANA1 ANA2 ANA3 ANA4 ANA5 ANA6 ANA7 ADC IRQ for offset calibration ANAIN BUFFMODE Amplifier tristates when disabled + Low-Power Operational Amplifier Temp Sensor Figure 19. Analog-to-Digital Converter Block Diagram Operation Data Format In both SINGLE-ENDED and DIFFERENTIAL modes, the effective output of the ADC is an 11-bit, signed, two's complement digital value. In DIFFERENTIAL mode, the ADC PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 123 can output values across the entire 11-bit range, from -1024 to +1023. In SINGLE-ENDED mode, the output generally ranges from 0 to +1023, but offset errors can cause small negative values. The ADC registers actually return 13 bits of data, but the two LSBs are intended for compensation use only. When the software compensation routine is performed on the 13 bit raw ADC value, two bits of resolution are lost because of a rounding error. As a result, the final value is an 11-bit number. Hardware Overflow When the hardware overflow bit (OVF) is set in ADC Data Low Byte (ADCD_L) register, all other data bits are invalid. The hardware overflow bit is set for values greater than Vref and less than -Vref (DIFFERENTIAL mode). Automatic Powerdown If the ADC is idle (no conversions in progress) for 160 consecutive system clock cycles, portions of the ADC are automatically powered down. From this powerdown state, the ADC requires 40 system clock cycles to power up. The ADC powers up when a conversion is requested by the ADC Control register. Single-Shot Conversion When configured for single-shot conversion, the ADC performs a single analog-to-digital conversion on the selected analog input channel. After completion of the conversion, the ADC shuts down. Follow the steps below for setting up the ADC and initiating a singleshot conversion: 1. Enable the desired analog inputs by configuring the general-purpose I/O pins for alternate analog function. This configuration disables the digital input and output drivers. 2. Write the ADC Control/Status Register 1 to configure the ADC. - Write to BUFMODE[2:0] to select SINGLE-ENDED or DIFFERENTIAL mode, as well as unbuffered or buffered mode. - Write the REFSELH bit of the pair {REFSELH, REFSELL} to select the internal voltage reference level or to disable the internal reference. The REFSELL bit is. contained in the ADC Control Register 0. 3. Write to the ADC Control Register 0 to configure the ADC and begin the conversion. The bit fields in the ADC Control register can be written simultaneously (the ADC can be configured and enabled with the same write instruction): - Write to the ANAIN[3:0] field to select from the available analog input sources (different input pins available depending on the device). - Clear CONT to 0 to select a single-shot conversion. PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 124 - - - If the internal voltage reference must be output to a pin, set the REFEXT bit to 1. The internal voltage reference must be enabled in this case. Write the REFSELL bit of the pair {REFSELH, REFSELL} to select the internal voltage reference level or to disable the internal reference. The REFSELH bit is contained in the ADC Control/Status Register 1. Set CEN to 1 to start the conversion. 4. CEN remains 1 while the conversion is in progress. A single-shot conversion requires 5129 system clock cycles to complete. If a single-shot conversion is requested from an ADC powered-down state, the ADC uses 40 additional clock cycles to power up before beginning the 5129 cycle conversion. 5. When the conversion is complete, the ADC control logic performs the following operations: - 13-bit two's-complement result written to {ADCD_H[7:0], ADCD_L[7:3]}. - Sends an interrupt request to the Interrupt Controller denoting conversion complete. - CEN resets to 0 to indicate the conversion is complete. 6. If the ADC remains idle for 160 consecutive system clock cycles, it is automatically powered-down. Continuous Conversion When configured for continuous conversion, the ADC continuously performs an analog-to-digital conversion on the selected analog input. Each new data value over-writes the previous value stored in the ADC Data registers. An interrupt is generated after each conversion. Caution: In CONTINUOUS mode, ADC updates are limited by the input signal bandwidth of the ADC and the latency of the ADC and its digital filter. Step changes at the input are not immediately detected at the next output from the ADC. The response of the ADC (in all modes) is limited by the input signal bandwidth and the latency. Follow the steps below for setting up the ADC and initiating continuous conversion: 1. Enable the desired analog input by configuring the general-purpose I/O pins for alternate function. This action disables the digital input and output driver. 2. Write the ADC Control/Status Register 1 to configure the ADC. - Write to BUFMODE[2:0] to select SINGLE-ENDED or DIFFERENTIAL mode, as well as unbuffered or buffered mode. - Write the REFSELH bit of the pair {REFSELH, REFSELL} to select the internal voltage reference level or to disable the internal reference. The REFSELL bit is contained in the ADC Control Register 0. PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 125 3. Write to the ADC Control Register 0 to configure the ADC for continuous conversion. The bit fields in the ADC Control register may be written simultaneously: - Write to the ANAIN[3:0] field to select from the available analog input sources (different input pins available depending on the device). - Set CONT to 1 to select continuous conversion. - If the internal VREF must be output to a pin, set the REFEXT bit to 1. The internal voltage reference must be enabled in this case. - Write the REFSELL bit of the pair {REFSELH, REFSELL} to select the internal voltage reference level or to disable the internal reference. The REFSELH bit is contained in ADC Control/Status Register 1. - Set CEN to 1 to start the conversions. 4. When the first conversion in continuous operation is complete (after 5129 system clock cycles, plus the 40 cycles for power-up, if necessary), the ADC control logic performs the following operations: - CEN resets to 0 to indicate the first conversion is complete. CEN remains 0 for all subsequent conversions in continuous operation. - An interrupt request is sent to the Interrupt Controller to indicate the conversion is complete. 5. The ADC writes a new data result every 256 system clock cycles. For each completed conversion, the ADC control logic performs the following operations: - Writes the 13-bit two's complement result to {ADCD_H[7:0], ADCD_L[7:3]}. - Sends an interrupt request to the Interrupt Controller denoting conversion complete. 6. To disable continuous conversion, clear the CONT bit in the ADC Control Register to 0. Interrupts The ADC is able to interrupt the CPU when a conversion has been completed. When the ADC is disabled, no new interrupts are asserted; however, an interrupt pending when the ADC is disabled is not cleared. Calibration and Compensation The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series ADC is factory calibrated for offset error and gain error, with the compensation data stored in Flash memory. Alternatively, you can perform your own calibration, storing the values into Flash themselves. Thirdly, the user code can perform a manual offset calibration during DIFFERENTIAL mode operation. PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 126 Factory Calibration Devices that have been factory calibrated contain 30 bytes of calibration data in the Flash option bit space. This data consists of 3 bytes for each input mode, one for offset and two for gain correction. For a list of input modes for which calibration data exists, see Zilog Calibration Data on page 161. User Calibration If you have precision references available, its own external calibration can be performed using any input modes. This calibration data takes into account buffer offset and non-linearity, so it is recommended that this calibration be performed separately for each of the ADC input modes planned for use. Manual Offset Calibration When uncalibrated, the ADC has significant offset (see Table 135 on page 231). Subsequently, manual offset calibration capability is built into the block. When the ADC Control Register 0 sets the input mode (ANAIN[2:0]) to MANUAL OFFSET CALIBRATION mode, the differential inputs to the ADC are shorted together by an internal switch. Reading the ADC value at this point produces 0 in an ideal system. The value actually read is the ADC offset. This value can be stored in non-volatile memory (see Non-Volatile Data Storage on page 169) and accessed by user code to compensate for the input offset error. There is no provision for manual gain calibration. Software Compensation Procedure Using Factory Calibration Data The value read from the ADC high and low byte registers is uncompensated. The user mode software must apply gain and offset correction to this uncompensated value for maximum accuracy. The following equation yields the compensated value: ADC comp = ( ADC uncomp - OFFCAL ) + ( ( ADC uncomp - OFFCAL ) x GAINCAL ) 2 16 where GAINCAL is the gain calibration value, OFFCAL is the offset calibration value and ADCuncomp is the uncompensated value read from the ADC. All values are in two's complement format. Note: The offset compensation is performed first, followed by the gain compensation. One bit of resolution is lost because of rounding on both the offset and gain computations. As a result the ADC registers read back 13 bits: 1 sign bit, two calibration bits lost to rounding and 10 data bits. Also note that in the second term, the multiplication must be performed before the division by 216. Otherwise, the second term incorrectly evaluates to zero. PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 127 Caution: Although the ADC can be used without the gain and offset compensation, it does exhibit non-unity gain. Designing the ADC with sub-unity gain reduces noise across the ADC range but requires the ADC results to be scaled by a factor of 8/7. ADC Compensation Details High efficiency assembly code that performs this compensation is available for download on www.zilog.com. The following is a bit-specific description of the ADC compensation process used by this code. The following data bit definitions are used: 0-9, a-f = bit indices in hexadecimal s = sign bit v = overflow bit - = unused Input Data MSB s b a 9 8 7 6 5 s s s s s 7 6 5 LSB 4 3 2 1 0 - - v (ADC) ADC Output Word; if v = 1, the data is invalid s 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Offset Correction Byte 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 (Offset) Offset Byte shifted to align with ADC data s e d c b a 9 8 PS022825-0908 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (Gain) Gain Correction Word Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 128 Compensation Steps: 1. Correct for Offset ADC MSB ADC LSB Offset MSB Offset LSB #1 MSB #1 LSB = 2. Take absolute value of the offset corrected ADC value if negative--the gain correction factor is computed assuming positive numbers, with sign restoration afterward. #2 MSB #2 LSB Also take absolute value of the gain correction word if negative. AGain MSB AGain LSB 3. Multiply by Gain Correction Word. If in DIFFERENTIAL mode, there are two gain correction values: one for positive ADC values, another for negative ADC values. Based on the sign of #2, use the appropriate Gain Correction Word. #2 MSB #2 LSB AGain MSB AGain LSB #3 #3 * = #3 #3 4. Round the result and discard the least significant two bytes (this is equivalent to dividing by 216). #3 #3 #3 #3 0x00 0x00 0x80 0x00 #4 MSB #4 LSB = 5. Determine sign of the gain correction factor using the sign bits from Step 2. If the offset corrected ADC value AND the gain correction word have the same sign, then the factor is positive and is left unchanged. If they have differing signs, then the factor is negative and must be multiplied by -1. PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 129 #5 MSB #5 LSB 6. Add the gain correction factor to the original offset corrected value. #5 MSB #5 LSB #1 MSB #1 LSB #6 MSB #6 LSB + = 7. Shift the result to the right, using the sign bit determined in Step 1. This allows for the detection of computational overflow. S-> #6 MSB #6 LSB Output Data The following is the output format of the corrected ADC value. MSB s v b a 9 8 7 6 LSB 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - The overflow bit in the corrected output indicates that the computed value was greater than the maximum logical value (+1023) or less than the minimum logical value (-1024). Unlike the hardware overflow bit, this is not a simple binary Flag. For a normal sample (non-overflow), the sign and the overflow bit matches. If the sign bit and overflow bit do not match, a computational overflow has occurred. Input Buffer Stage Many applications require the measurement of an input voltage source with a high output impedance. This ADC provides a buffered input for such situations. The drawback of the buffered input is a limitation of the input range. When using unity gain buffered mode, the input signal must be prevented from coming too close to either VSS or VDD. See Table 135 on page 231 for details. This condition applies only to the input voltage level (with respect to ground) of each differential input signal. The actual differential input voltage magnitude may be less than 300 mV. The input range of the unbuffered ADC swings from VSS to VDD. Input signals smaller than 300 mV must use the unbuffered input mode. If these signals do not contain low output impedances, they might require off-chip buffering. Signals outside the allowable input range can be used without instability or device damage. Any ADC readings made outside the input range are subject to greater inaccuracy than specified. PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 130 ADC Control Register Definitions ADC Control Register 0 The ADC Control Register 0 (ADCCTL0) selects the analog input channel and initiates the analog-to-digital conversion. It also selects the voltage reference configuration. Table 71. ADC Control Register 0 (ADCCTL0) BITS 7 6 5 4 FIELD CEN REFSELL REFOUT CONT RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 3 2 1 0 ANAIN[3:0] F70H ADDR CEN--Conversion Enable 0 = Conversion is complete. Writing a 0 produces no effect. The ADC automatically clears this bit to 0 when a conversion is complete. 1 = Begin conversion. Writing a 1 to this bit starts a conversion. If a conversion is already in progress, the conversion restarts. This bit remains 1 until the conversion is complete. REFSELL--Voltage Reference Level Select Low Bit; in conjunction with the High bit (REFSELH) in ADC Control/Status Register 1, this determines the level of the internal voltage reference; the following details the effects of {REFSELH, REFSELL}; note that this reference is independent of the Comparator reference. 00= Internal Reference Disabled, reference comes from external pin 01= Internal Reference set to 1.0 V 10= Internal Reference set to 2.0 V (default) 11= Reserved REFOUT--Internal Reference Output Enable 0 = Reference buffer is disabled; Vref pin is available for GPIO or analog functions 1 = The internal ADC reference is buffered and driven out to the Vref pin Warning: When the ADC is used with an external reference ({REFSELH,REFSELL}=00), the REFOUT bit must be set to 0. CONT 0 = Single-shot conversion. ADC data is output once at completion of the 5129 system clock cycles (measurements of the internal temperature sensor take twice as long) 1 = Continuous conversion. ADC data updated every 256 system clock cycles after an initial 5129 clock conversion (measurements of the internal temperature sensor take twice as long) PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 131 ANAIN[3:0]--Analog Input Select These bits select the analog input for conversion. Not all Port pins in this list are available in all packages for the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series. For information on port pins available with each package style, see Pin Description on page 9. Do not enable unavailable analog inputs. Usage of these bits changes depending on the buffer mode selected in ADC Control/Status Register 1. For the reserved values, all input switches are disabled to avoid leakage or other undesirable operation. ADC samples taken with reserved bit settings are undefined. SINGLE-ENDED: 0000 = ANA0 (transimpedance amp output when enabled) 0001 = ANA1 (transimpedance amp inverting input) 0010 = ANA2 (transimpedance amp non-inverting input) 0011 = ANA3 0100 = ANA4 0101 = ANA5 0110 = ANA6 0111 = ANA7 1000 = Reserved 1001 = Reserved 1010 = Reserved 1011 = Reserved 1100 = Hold transimpedance input nodes (ANA1 and ANA2) to ground. 1101 = Reserved 1110 = Temperature Sensor. 1111 = Reserved. DIFFERENTIAL (non-inverting input and inverting input respectively): 0000 = ANA0 and ANA1 0001 = ANA2 and ANA3 0010 = ANA4 and ANA5 0011 = ANA1 and ANA0 0100 = ANA3 and ANA2 0101 = ANA5 and ANA4 0110 = ANA6 and ANA5 0111 = ANA0 and ANA2 1000 = ANA0 and ANA3 1001 = ANA0 and ANA4 1010 = ANA0 and ANA5 1011 = Reserved 1100 = Reserved 1101 = Reserved 1110 = Reserved 1111 = Manual Offset Calibration Mode PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 132 ADC Control/Status Register 1 The ADC Control/Status Register 1 (ADCCTL1) configures the input buffer stage, enables the threshold interrupts and contains the status of both threshold triggers. It is also used to select the voltage reference configuration. Table 72. ADC Control/Status Register 1 (ADCCTL1) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 FIELD REFSELH RESET 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Reserved 1 BUFMODE[2:0] F71H ADDR REFSELH--Voltage Reference Level Select High Bit; in conjunction with the Low bit (REFSELL) in ADC Control Register 0, this determines the level of the internal voltage reference; the following details the effects of {REFSELH, REFSELL}; this reference is independent of the Comparator reference. 00= Internal Reference Disabled, reference comes from external pin 01= Internal Reference set to 1.0 V 10= Internal Reference set to 2.0 V (default) 11= Reserved BUFMODE[2:0] - Input Buffer Mode Select 000 = Single-ended, unbuffered input 001 = Single-ended, buffered input with unity gain 010 = Reserved 011 = Reserved 100 = Differential, unbuffered input 101 = Differential, buffered input with unity gain 110 = Reserved 111 = Reserved ADC Data High Byte Register The ADC Data High Byte (ADCD_H) register contains the upper eight bits of the ADC output. The output is an 13-bit two's complement value. During a single-shot conversion, this value is invalid. Access to the ADC Data High Byte register is read-only. Reading the ADC Data High Byte register latches data in the ADC Low Bits register. PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 133 Table 73. ADC Data High Byte Register (ADCD_H) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ADCDH FIELD RESET X X X X X X X X R/W R R R R R R R R F72H ADDR X = Undefined. ADCDH--ADC Data High Byte This byte contains the upper eight bits of the ADC output. These bits are not valid during a single-shot conversion. During a continuous conversion, the most recent conversion output is held in this register. These bits are undefined after a Reset. ADC Data Low Byte Register The ADC Data Low Byte (ADCD_L) register contains the lower bits of the ADC output as well as an overflow status bit. The output is a 13-bit two's complement value. During a single-shot conversion, this value is invalid. Access to the ADC Data Low Byte register is read-only. Reading the ADC Data High Byte register latches data in the ADC Low Bits register. Table 74. ADC Data Low Byte Register (ADCD_L) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 ADCDL FIELD 1 Reserved 0 OVF RESET X X X X X X X X R/W R R R R R R R R F73H ADDR X = Undefined. ADCDL--ADC Data Low Bits These bits are the least significant five bits of the 13-bits of the ADC output. These bits are undefined after a Reset. Reserved--Must be undefined. OVF--Overflow Status 0= A hardware overflow did not occur in the ADC for the current sample. 1= A hardware overflow did occur in the ADC for the current sample, therefore the current sample is invalid. PS022825-0908 Analog-to-Digital Converter Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 134 Low Power Operational Amplifier Overview The LPO is a general-purpose low power operational amplifier. Each of the three ports of the amplifier is accessible from the package pins. The LPO contains only one pin configuration: ANA0 is the output/feedback node, ANA1 is the inverting input and ANA2 is the non-inverting input. Operation To use the LPO, it must be enabled in the Power Control Register 0 (PWRCTL0). The default state of the LPO is OFF. To use the LPO, the LPO bit must be cleared, turning it ON (Power Control Register 0 (PWRCTL0) on page 35). When making normal ADC measurements on ANA0 (measurements not involving the LPO output), the LPO bit must be OFF. Turning the LPO bit ON interferes with normal ADC measurements. The LPO bit enables the amplifier even in STOP mode. If the amplifier is not required Warning: in STOP mode, disable it. Failing to perform this results in STOP mode currents higher than necessary. As with other ADC measurements, any pins used for analog purposes must be configured as such in the GPIO registers (see Port A-D Alternate Function Sub-Registers on page 47). LPO output measurements are made on ANA0, as selected by the ANAIN[3:0] bits of ADC Control Register 0. It is also possible to make single-ended measurements on ANA1 and ANA2 while the amplifier is enabled, which is often useful for determining offset conditions. Differential measurements between ANA0 and ANA2 may be useful for noise cancellation purposes. If the LPO output is routed to the ADC, then the BUFFMODE[2:0] bits of ADC Control/Status Register 1 must also be configured for unity-gain buffered operation. Sampling the LPO in an unbuffered mode is not recommended. When either input is overdriven, the amplifier output saturates at the positive or negative supply voltage. No instability results. PS022825-0908 Low Power Operational Amplifier Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 135 Comparator The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices feature a general purpose comparator that compares two analog input signals. These analog signals may be external stimulus from a pin (CINP and/or CINN) or internally generated signals. Both a programmable voltage reference and the temperature sensor output voltage are available internally. The output is available as an interrupt source or can be routed to an external pin. CINP Pin Temperature Sensor To COUT Pin INPSEL + REFLVL Comparator Internal Reference INNSEL To Interrupt Controller CINN Pin Figure 20. Comparator Block Diagram Operation When the positive comparator input exceeds the negative input by more than the specified hysteresis, the output is a logic HIGH. When the negative input exceeds the positive by more than the hysteresis, the output is a logic LOW. Otherwise, the comparator output retains its present value. See Table 137 on page 233 for details. The comparator may be powered down to reduce supply current. See Power Control Register 0 on page 34 for details. Caution: Because of the propagation delay of the comparator, it is not recommended to enable or reconfigure the comparator without first disabling interrupts and waiting for the comparator output to settle. Doing so can result in spurious interrupts. The following example describes how to safely enable the comparator: di ld cmp0, r0 ; load some new configuration nop PS022825-0908 Comparator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 136 nop ; wait for output to settle clr irq0 ; clear any spurious interrupts pending ei Comparator Control Register Definitions Comparator Control Register The Comparator Control Register (CMP0) configures the comparator inputs and sets the value of the internal voltage reference. Table 75. Comparator Control Register (CMP0) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 INPSEL INNSEL 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W REFLVL R/W 0 Reserved (20-/28-pin) REFLVL (8-pin) FIELD RESET 1 F90H ADDR INPSEL--Signal Select for Positive Input 0 = GPIO pin used as positive comparator input 1 = temperature sensor used as positive comparator input INNSEL--Signal Select for Negative Input 0 = internal reference disabled, GPIO pin used as negative comparator input 1 = internal reference enabled as negative comparator input REFLVL--Internal Reference Voltage Level (this reference is independent of the ADC voltage reference). Note that the 8-pin devices contain two additional LSBs for increased resolution. For 20-/28-pin devices: 0000 = 0.0 V 0001 = 0.2 V 0010 = 0.4 V 0011 = 0.6 V 0100 = 0.8 V 0101 = 1.0 V (Default) 0110 = 1.2 V 0111 = 1.4 V 1000 = 1.6 V PS022825-0908 Comparator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 137 1001 = 1.8 V 1010-1111 = Reserved For 8-pin devices: 000000 = 0.00 V 000001 = 0.05 V 000010 = 0.10 V 000011 = 0.15 V 000100 = 0.20 V 000101 = 0.25 V 000110 = 0.30 V 000111 = 0.35 V 001000 = 0.40 V 001001 = 0.45 V 001010 = 0.50 V 001011 = 0.55 V 001100 = 0.60 V 001101 = 0.65 V 001110 = 0.70 V 001111 = 0.75 V 010000 = 0.80 V 010001 = 0.85 V 010010 = 0.90 V 010011 = 0.95 V 010100 = 1.00 V (Default) 010101 = 1.05 V 010110 = 1.10 V 010111 = 1.15 V 011000 = 1.20 V 011001 = 1.25 V 011010 = 1.30 V 011011 = 1.35 V 011100 = 1.40 V 011101 = 1.45 V 011110 = 1.50 V 011111 = 1.55 V 100000 = 1.60 V 100001 = 1.65 V 100010 = 1.70 V 100011 = 1.75 V 100100 = 1.80 V PS022825-0908 Comparator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 138 PS022825-0908 Comparator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 139 Temperature Sensor The on-chip Temperature Sensor allows you to measure temperature on the die with either the on-board ADC or on-board comparator. This block is factory calibrated for in-circuit software correction. Uncalibrated accuracy is significantly worse, therefore the temperature sensor is not recommended for uncalibrated use. Temperature Sensor Operation The on-chip temperature sensor is a Proportional to Absolute Temperature (PTAT) topology. A pair of Flash option bytes contain the calibration data. The temperature sensor can be disabled by a bit in the Power Control Register 0 on page 34 to reduce power consumption. The temperature sensor can be directly read by the ADC to determine the absolute value of its output. The temperature sensor output is also available as an input to the comparator for threshold type measurement determination. The accuracy of the sensor when used with the comparator is substantially less than when measured by the ADC. If the temperature sensor is routed to the ADC, the ADC must be configured in unity-gain buffered mode (see Input Buffer Stage on page 129) The value read back from the ADC is a signed number, although it is always positive. The sensor is factory-trimmed through the ADC using the external 2.0 V reference. Unless the sensor is re-trimmed for use with a different reference, it is most accurate when used with the external 2.0 V reference. Because this sensor is an on-chip sensor it is recommended that the user account for the difference between ambient and die temperature when inferring ambient temperature conditions. During normal operation, the die undergoes heating that causes a mismatch between the ambient temperature and that measured by the sensor. For best results, the Z8 Encore! XP(R) device must be placed into STOP mode for sufficient time such that the die and ambient temperatures converge (this time is dependent on the thermal design of the system). The temperature sensor measurement must then be made immediately after recovery from STOP mode. The following equation defines the transfer function between the temperature sensor output voltage and the die temperature. This is needed for comparator threshold measurements. V = 0.01 x T + 0.65 where, T is the temperature in C; V is the sensor output in volts. PS022825-0908 Temperature Sensor Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 140 Assuming a compensated ADC measurement, the following equation defines the relationship between the ADC reading and the die temperature: T = ( 25 128 ) x ( ADC - TSCAL [ 11:2 ] ) + 30 where, T is the temperature in C; ADC is the 10-bit compensated ADC value; and TSCAL is the temperature sensor calibration value, ignoring the two least significant bits of the 12-bit value. See Temperature Sensor Calibration Data on page 164 for the location of TSCAL. Calibration The temperature sensor undergoes calibration during the manufacturing process and is maximally accurate at 30 C. Accuracy decreases as measured temperatures move further from the calibration point. PS022825-0908 Temperature Sensor Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 141 Flash Memory The products in the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series feature a non-volatile Flash memory of 8 KB (8192), 4 KB (4096), 2 KB (2048 bytes), or 1 KB (1024) with read/write/ erase capability. The Flash Memory can be programmed and erased in-circuit by user code or through the On-Chip Debugger. The features include: * * * User controlled read and write protect capability Sector-based write protection scheme Additional protection schemes against accidental program and erasure Architecture The Flash memory array is arranged in pages with 512 bytes per page. The 512 byte page is the minimum Flash block size that can be erased. Each page is divided into 8 rows of 64 bytes. For program or data protection, the Flash memory is also divided into sectors. In the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series, these sectors are either 1024 bytes (in the 8 KB devices) or 512 bytes (all other memory sizes) in size. Page and sector sizes are not generally equal. The first 2 bytes of the Flash Program memory are used as Flash Option Bits. For more information about their operation, see Flash Option Bits on page 153. Table 76 describes the Flash memory configuration for each device in the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series. Figure 21 displays the Flash memory arrangement. Table 76. Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series Flash Memory Configurations Flash Size KB (Bytes) Flash Pages Program Memory Addresses Flash Sector Size (Bytes) Z8F08xA 8 (8192) 16 0000H-1FFFH 1024 Z8F04xA 4 (4096) 8 0000H-0FFFH 512 Z8F02xA 2 (2048) 4 0000H-07FFH 512 Z8F01xA 1 (1024) 2 0000H-03FFH 512 Part Number PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 142 4 KB Flash Program Memory 8 KB Flash Program Memory Addresses (hex) 0FFF Addresses (hex) 1FFF Sector 7 Sector 7 0E00 1C00 0DFF 1BFF Sector 6 Sector 6 0C00 1800 0BFF 17FF Sector 5 Sector 5 1400 0A00 13FF 09FF 0800 1000 07FF 0FFF Sector 3 Sector 3 0600 0C00 0BFF Sector 2 05FF 0400 0800 03FF 07FF Sector 1 Sector 1 Sector 0 0000 Sector 4 Sector 4 Sector 2 2 KB Flash Program Memory Addresses (hex) 07FF Sector 3 0600 05FF Sector 2 0400 03FF Sector 1 0200 01FF Sector 0 0400 0200 03FF 01FF Sector 0 1 KB Flash Program Memory Addresses (hex) 03FF Sector 1 0200 01FF Sector 0 0000 0000 0000 Figure 21. Flash Memory Arrangement Flash Information Area The Flash information area is separate from Program Memory and is mapped to the address range FE00H to FFFFH. This area is readable but cannot be erased or overwritten. Factory trim values for the analog peripherals are stored here. Factory calibration data for the ADC is also stored here. PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 143 Operation The Flash Controller programs and erases Flash memory. The Flash Controller provides the proper Flash controls and timing for Byte Programming, Page Erase, and Mass Erase of Flash memory. The Flash Controller contains several protection mechanisms to prevent accidental programming or erasure. These mechanism operate on the page, sector and full-memory levels. The Flow Chart in Figure 22 displays basic Flash Controller operation. The following subsections provide details about the various operations (Lock, Unlock, Byte Programming, Page Protect, Page Unprotect, Page Select, Page Erase, and Mass Erase) displayed in Figure 22. PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 144 Reset Lock State 0 Write Page Select Register Write FCTL No 73H Yes Lock State 1 Write FCTL No Writes to Page Select Register in Lock State 1 result in a return to Lock State 0 8CH Yes Write Page Select Register No Page Select values match? Yes Yes Page in Protected Sector? No Page Unlocked Program/Erase Enabled Byte Program Write FCTL 95H Yes Page Erase No Figure 22. Flash Controller Operation Flow Chart PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 145 Flash Operation Timing Using the Flash Frequency Registers Before performing either a program or erase operation on Flash memory, you must first configure the Flash Frequency High and Low Byte registers. The Flash Frequency registers allow programming and erasing of the Flash with system clock frequencies ranging from 32 kHz (32768 Hz) through 20 MHz. The Flash Frequency High and Low Byte registers combine to form a 16-bit value, FFREQ, to control timing for Flash program and erase operations. The 16-bit binary Flash Frequency value must contain the system clock frequency (in kHz). This value is calculated using the following equation: FFREQ[15:0] System Clock Frequency (Hz) = -----------------------------------------------------------------1000 Caution: Flash programming and erasure are not supported for system clock frequencies below 32 kHz (32768 Hz) or above 20 MHz. The Flash Frequency High and Low Byte registers must be loaded with the correct value to ensure operation of the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices. Flash Code Protection Against External Access The user code contained within the Flash memory can be protected against external access by the on-chip debugger. Programming the FRP Flash Option Bit prevents reading of the user code with the On-Chip Debugger. See Flash Option Bits on page 153 and On-Chip Debugger on page 173 for more information. Flash Code Protection Against Accidental Program and Erasure The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series provides several levels of protection against accidental program and erasure of the Flash memory contents. This protection is provided by a combination of the Flash Option bits, the register locking mechanism, the page select redundancy and the sector level protection control of the Flash Controller. Flash Code Protection Using the Flash Option Bits The FRP and FWP Flash Option Bits combine to provide three levels of Flash Program Memory protection as listed in Table 77. See Flash Option Bits on page 153 for more information. PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 146 . Table 77. Flash Code Protection Using the Flash Option Bits FWP Flash Code Protection Description 0 Programming and erasing disabled for all of Flash Program Memory. In user code programming, Page Erase, and Mass Erase are all disabled. Mass Erase is available through the On-Chip Debugger. 1 Programming, Page Erase, and Mass Erase are enabled for all of Flash Program Memory. Flash Code Protection Using the Flash Controller At Reset, the Flash Controller locks to prevent accidental program or erasure of the Flash memory. To program or erase the Flash memory, first write the Page Select Register with the target page. Unlock the Flash Controller by making two consecutive writes to the Flash Control register with the values 73H and 8CH, sequentially. The Page Select Register must be rewritten with the target page. If the two Page Select writes do not match, the controller reverts to a locked state. If the two writes match, the selected page becomes active. See Figure 22 on page 144 for details. After unlocking a specific page, you can enable either Page Program or Erase. Writing the value 95H causes a Page Erase only if the active page resides in a sector that is not protected. Any other value written to the Flash Control register locks the Flash Controller. Mass Erase is not allowed in the user code but only in through the Debug Port. After unlocking a specific page, you can also write to any byte on that page. After a byte is written, the page remains unlocked, allowing for subsequent writes to other bytes on the same page. Further writes to the Flash Control Register cause the active page to revert to a locked state. Sector Based Flash Protection The final protection mechanism is implemented on a per-sector basis. The Flash memories of Z8 Encore!(R) devices are divided into at most 8 sectors. A sector is 1/8 of the total size of the Flash memory, unless this value is smaller than the page size, in which case the sector and page sizes are equal. The Sector Protect register controls the protection state of each Flash sector. This register is shared with the Page Select Register. It is accessed by writing 73H followed by 5EH to the Flash controller. The next write to the Flash Control Register targets the Sector Protect Register. The Sector Protect Register is initialized to 0 on reset, putting each sector into an unprotected state. When a bit in the Sector Protect Register is written to 1, the corresponding sector is no longer written or erased by the CPU. External Flash programming through PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 147 the OCD or via the Flash Controller Bypass mode are unaffected. After a bit of the Sector Protect Register has been set, it cannot be cleared except by powering down the device. Byte Programming The Flash Memory is enabled for byte programming after unlocking the Flash Controller and successfully enabling either Mass Erase or Page Erase. When the Flash Controller is unlocked and Mass Erase is successfully completed, all Program Memory locations are available for byte programming. In contrast, when the Flash Controller is unlocked and Page Erase is successfully completed, only the locations of the selected page are available for byte programming. An erased Flash byte contains all 1's (FFH). The programming operation can only be used to change bits from 1 to 0. To change a Flash bit (or multiple bits) from 0 to 1 requires execution of either the Page Erase or Mass Erase commands. Byte Programming can be accomplished using the On-Chip Debugger's Write Memory command or eZ8 CPU execution of the LDC or LDCI instructions. Refer to the eZ8 CPU User Manual (available for download at www.zilog.com) for a description of the LDC and LDCI instructions. While the Flash Controller programs the Flash memory, the eZ8 CPU idles but the system clock and on-chip peripherals continue to operate. To exit programming mode and lock the Flash, write any value to the Flash Control register, except the Mass Erase or Page Erase commands. Caution: The byte at each address of the Flash memory cannot be programmed (any bits written to 0) more than twice before an erase cycle occurs. Doing so may result in corrupted data at the target byte. Page Erase The Flash memory can be erased one page (512 bytes) at a time. Page Erasing the Flash memory sets all bytes in that page to the value FFH. The Flash Page Select register identifies the page to be erased. Only a page residing in an unprotected sector can be erased. With the Flash Controller unlocked and the active page set, writing the value 95h to the Flash Control register initiates the Page Erase operation. While the Flash Controller executes the Page Erase operation, the eZ8 CPU idles but the system clock and on-chip peripherals continue to operate. The eZ8 CPU resumes operation after the Page Erase operation completes. If the Page Erase operation is performed using the On-Chip Debugger, poll the Flash Status register to determine when the Page Erase operation is complete. When the Page Erase is complete, the Flash Controller returns to its locked state. Mass Erase The Flash memory can also be Mass Erased using the Flash Controller, but only by using the On-Chip Debugger. Mass Erasing the Flash memory sets all bytes to the value FFH. With the Flash Controller unlocked and the Mass Erase successfully enabled, writing the PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 148 value 63H to the Flash Control register initiates the Mass Erase operation. While the Flash Controller executes the Mass Erase operation, the eZ8 CPU idles but the system clock and on-chip peripherals continue to operate. Using the On-Chip Debugger, poll the Flash Status register to determine when the Mass Erase operation is complete. When the Mass Erase is complete, the Flash Controller returns to its locked state. Flash Controller Bypass The Flash Controller can be bypassed and the control signals for the Flash memory brought out to the GPIO pins. Bypassing the Flash Controller allows faster Row Programming algorithms by controlling the Flash programming signals directly. Row programming is recommended for gang programming applications and large volume customers who do not require in-circuit initial programming of the Flash memory. Page Erase operations are also supported when the Flash Controller is bypassed. For more information on bypassing the Flash Controller, refer to Third-Party Flash Programming Support for Z8 Encore!(R) MCU Application Note (AN0117) available for download at www.zilog.com. Flash Controller Behavior in DEBUG Mode The following changes in behavior of the Flash Controller occur when the Flash Controller is accessed using the On-Chip Debugger: * * The Flash Write Protect option bit is ignored. * Programming operations are not limited to the page selected in the Page Select register. * * Bits in the Flash Sector Protect register can be written to one or zero. * * The Page Select register can be written when the Flash Controller is unlocked. The Flash Sector Protect register is ignored for programming and erase operations. The second write of the Page Select register to unlock the Flash Controller is not necessary. The Mass Erase command is enabled through the Flash Control register. Caution: For security reasons, the Flash controller allows only a single page to be opened for write/erase. When writing multiple Flash pages, the flash controller must go through the unlock sequence again to select another page. PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 149 Flash Control Register Definitions Flash Control Register The Flash Controller must be unlocked using the Flash Control (FCTL) register before programming or erasing the Flash memory. Writing the sequence 73H 8CH, sequentially, to the Flash Control register unlocks the Flash Controller. When the Flash Controller is unlocked, the Flash memory can be enabled for Mass Erase or Page Erase by writing the appropriate enable command to the FCTL. Page Erase applies only to the active page selected in Flash Page Select register. Mass Erase is enabled only through the On-Chip Debugger. Writing an invalid value or an invalid sequence returns the Flash Controller to its locked state. The Write-only Flash Control Register shares its Register File address with the read-only Flash Status Register. Table 78. Flash Control Register (FCTL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FCMD FIELD RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W W W W W W W W W FF8H ADDR FCMD--Flash Command 73H = First unlock command. 8CH = Second unlock command. 95H = Page Erase command (must be third command in sequence to initiate Page Erase). 63H = Mass Erase command (must be third command in sequence to initiate Mass Erase). 5EH = Enable Flash Sector Protect Register Access PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 150 Flash Status Register The Flash Status (FSTAT) register indicates the current state of the Flash Controller. This register can be read at any time. The read-only Flash Status register shares its Register File address with the Write-only Flash Control register. Table 79. Flash Status Register (FSTAT) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 Reserved FIELD 2 1 0 FSTAT RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R R R R R R R R FF8H ADDR Reserved--Must be 0. FSTAT--Flash Controller Status 000000 = Flash Controller locked 000001 = First unlock command received (73H written) 000010 = Second unlock command received (8CH written) 000011 = Flash Controller unlocked 000100 = Sector protect register selected 001xxx = Program operation in progress 010xxx = Page erase operation in progress 100xxx = Mass erase operation in progress Flash Page Select Register The Flash Page Select (FPS) register shares address space with the Flash Sector Protect Register. Unless the Flash controller is unlocked and written with 5EH, writes to this address target the Flash Page Select Register. The register is used to select one of the available Flash memory pages to be programmed or erased. Each Flash Page contains 512 bytes of Flash memory. During a Page Erase operation, all Flash memory having addresses with the most significant 7 bits given by FPS[6:0] are chosen for program/erase operation. PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 151 Table 80. Flash Page Select Register (FPS) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD INFO_EN RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W PAGE FF9H ADDR INFO_EN--Information Area Enable 0 = Information Area us not selected. 1 = Information Area is selected. The Information Area is mapped into the Program Memory address space at addresses FE00H through FFFFH. PAGE--Page Select This 7-bit field identifies the Flash memory page for Page Erase and page unlocking. Program Memory Address[15:9] = PAGE[6:0]. For the Z8F08xx devices, the upper 3 bits must be zero. For the Z8F04xx devices, the upper 4 bits must be zero. For Z8F02xx devices, the upper 5 bits must always be 0. For the Z8F01xx devices, the upper 6 bits must always be 0. Flash Sector Protect Register The Flash Sector Protect (FPROT) register is shared with the Flash Page Select Register. When the Flash Control Register is written with 73H followed by 5EH, the next write to this address targets the Flash Sector Protect Register. In all other cases, it targets the Flash Page Select Register. This register selects one of the 8 available Flash memory sectors to be protected. The reset state of each Sector Protect bit is an unprotected state. After a sector is protected by setting its corresponding register bit, it cannot be unprotected (the register bit cannot be cleared) without powering down the device. Table 81. Flash Sector Protect Register (FPROT) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FIELD SPROT7 SPROT6 SPROT5 SPROT4 SPROT3 SPROT2 SPROT1 SPROT0 RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W ADDR PS022825-0908 FF9H Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 152 SPROT7-SPROT0--Sector Protection Each bit corresponds to a 512 byte Flash sector. For the Z8F08xx devices, the upper 3 bits must be zero. For the Z8F04xx devices all bits are used. For the Z8F02xx devices, the upper 4 bits are unused. For the Z8F01xx devices, the upper 6 bits are unused. Flash Frequency High and Low Byte Registers The Flash Frequency High (FFREQH) and Low Byte (FFREQL) registers combine to form a 16-bit value, FFREQ, to control timing for Flash program and erase operations. The 16-bit binary Flash Frequency value must contain the system clock frequency (in kHz) and is calculated using the following equation: FFREQ[15:0] System Clock Frequency = { FFREQH[7:0],FFREQL[7:0] } = ------------------------------------------------------1000 Caution: The Flash Frequency High and Low Byte registers must be loaded with the correct value to ensure proper operation of the device. Also, Flash programming and erasure is not supported for system clock frequencies below 20 kHz or above 20 MHz. Table 82. Flash Frequency High Byte Register (FFREQH) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 FFREQH FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 2 1 0 RESET R/W 3 FFAH ADDR FFREQH--Flash Frequency High Byte High byte of the 16-bit Flash Frequency value. Table 83. Flash Frequency Low Byte Register (FFREQL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 FIELD FFREQL RESET 0 R/W ADDR R/W FFBH FFREQL--Flash Frequency Low Byte Low byte of the 16-bit Flash Frequency value. PS022825-0908 Flash Memory Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 153 Flash Option Bits Programmable Flash option bits allow user configuration of certain aspects of Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series operation. The feature configuration data is stored in the Flash program memory and loaded into holding registers during Reset. The features available for control through the Flash Option Bits include: * * * * Watchdog Timer time-out response selection-interrupt or system reset * Voltage Brownout configuration-always enabled or disabled during STOP mode to reduce STOP mode power consumption * Oscillator mode selection-for high, medium, and low power crystal oscillators, or external RC oscillator * Factory trimming information for the internal precision oscillator and low voltage detection * Factory calibration values for ADC, temperature sensor, and Watchdog Timer compensation * Factory serialization and randomized lot identifier (optional) Watchdog Timer always on (enabled at Reset) The ability to prevent unwanted read access to user code in Program Memory The ability to prevent accidental programming and erasure of all or a portion of the user code in Program Memory Operation Option Bit Configuration By Reset Each time the Flash Option Bits are programmed or erased, the device must be Reset for the change to take effect. During any reset operation (System Reset, Power-On Reset, or Stop Mode Recovery), the Flash Option Bits are automatically read from the Flash Program Memory and written to Option Configuration registers. The Option Configuration registers control operation of the devices within the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series. Option Bit control is established before the device exits Reset and the eZ8 CPU begins code execution. The Option Configuration registers are not part of the Register File and are not accessible for read or write access. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 154 Option Bit Types User Option Bits The user option bits are contained in the first two bytes of program memory. User access to these bits has been provided because these locations contain application-specific device configurations. The information contained here is lost when page 0 of the program memory is erased. Trim Option Bits The trim option bits are contained in the information page of the Flash memory. These bits are factory programmed values required to optimize the operation of onboard analog circuitry and cannot be permanently altered. Program Memory may be erased without endangering these values. It is possible to alter working values of these bits by accessing the Trim Bit Address and Data Registers, but these working values are lost after a power loss or any other reset event. There are 32 bytes of trim data. To modify one of these values the user code must first write a value between 00H and 1FH into the Trim Bit Address Register. The next write to the Trim Bit Data register changes the working value of the target trim data byte. Reading the trim data requires the user code to write a value between 00H and 1FH into the Trim Bit Address Register. The next read from the Trim Bit Data register returns the working value of the target trim data byte. Note: The trim address range is from information address 20-3F only. The remainder of the information page is not accessible through the trim bit address and data registers. Calibration Option Bits The calibration option bits are also contained in the information page. These bits are factory programmed values intended for use in software correcting the device's analog performance. To read these values, the user code must employ the LDC instruction to access the information area of the address space as defined in See Flash Information Area on page 17. Serialization Bits As an optional feature, Zilog(R) is able to provide factory-programmed serialization. For serialized products, the individual devices are programmed with unique serial numbers. These serial numbers are binary values, four bytes in length. The numbers increase in size with each device, but gaps in the serial sequence may exist. These serial numbers are stored in the Flash information page (see Reading the Flash Information Page on page 155 and Serialization Data on page 165 for more details) and are unaffected by mass erasure of the device's Flash memory. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 155 Randomized Lot Identification Bits As an optional feature, Zilog is able to provide a factory-programmed random lot identifier. With this feature, all devices in a given production lot are programmed with the same random number. This random number is uniquely regenerated for each successive production lot and is not likely to be repeated. The randomized lot identifier is a 32 byte binary value, stored in the Flash information page (see Reading the Flash Information Page on page 155 and Randomized Lot Identifier on page 166 for more details) and is unaffected by mass erasure of the device's Flash memory. Reading the Flash Information Page The following code example shows how to read data from the Flash information area. ; get value at info address 60 (FE60h) ldx FPS, #%80 ; enable access to flash info page ld R0, #%FE ld R1, #%60 ldc R2, @RR0 ; R2 now contains the calibration value Flash Option Bit Control Register Definitions Trim Bit Address Register The Trim Bit Address (TRMADR) register contains the target address for an access to the trim option bits (Table 84). Table 84. Trim Bit Address Register (TRMADR) BITS 7 6 4 3 2 1 0 TRMADR - Trim Bit Address (00H to 1FH) FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 5 ADDR PS022825-0908 FF6H Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 156 Trim Bit Data Register The Trim Bid Data (TRMDR) register contains the read or write data for access to the trim option bits (Table 85). Table 85. Trim Bit Data Register (TRMDR) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TRMDR - Trim Bit Data FIELD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W FF7H ADDR Flash Option Bit Address Space The first two bytes of Flash program memory at addresses 0000H and 0001H are reserved for the user-programmable Flash option bits. Flash Program Memory Address 0000H Table 86. Flash Option Bits at Program Memory Address 0000H BITS FIELD 7 WDT_RES WDT_AO 5 4 OSC_SEL[1:0] 3 2 1 0 VBO_AO FRP Reserved FWP U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 6 ADDR Program Memory 0000H Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. WDT_RES--Watchdog Timer Reset 0 = Watchdog Timer time-out generates an interrupt request. Interrupts must be globally enabled for the eZ8 CPU to acknowledge the interrupt request. 1 = Watchdog Timer time-out causes a system reset. This setting is the default for unprogrammed (erased) Flash. WDT_AO--Watchdog Timer Always On 0 = Watchdog Timer is automatically enabled upon application of system power. Watchdog Timer can not be disabled. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 157 1 = Watchdog Timer is enabled upon execution of the WDT instruction. Once enabled, the Watchdog Timer can only be disabled by a Reset or Stop Mode Recovery. This setting is the default for unprogrammed (erased) Flash. OSC_SEL[1:0]--Oscillator Mode Selection 00 = On-chip oscillator configured for use with external RC networks (<4 MHz). 01 = Minimum power for use with very low frequency crystals (32 kHz to 1.0 MHz). 10 = Medium power for use with medium frequency crystals or ceramic resonators (0.5 MHz to 5.0 MHz). 11 = Maximum power for use with high frequency crystals (5.0 MHz to 20.0 MHz). This setting is the default for unprogrammed (erased) Flash. VBO_AO--Voltage Brownout Protection Always On 0 = Voltage Brownout Protection can be disabled in STOP mode to reduce total power consumption. For the block to be disabled, the power control register bit must also be written (see Power Control Register Definitions on page 34). 1 = Voltage Brownout Protection is always enabled including during STOP mode. This setting is the default for unprogrammed (erased) Flash. FRP--Flash Read Protect 0 = User program code is inaccessible. Limited control features are available through the On-Chip Debugger. 1 = User program code is accessible. All On-Chip Debugger commands are enabled. This setting is the default for unprogrammed (erased) Flash. Reserved--Must be 1. FWP--Flash Write Protect This Option Bit provides Flash Program Memory protection: 0 = Programming and erasure disabled for all of Flash Program Memory. Programming, Page Erase, and Mass Erase through User Code is disabled. Mass Erase is available using the On-Chip Debugger. 1 = Programming, Page Erase, and Mass Erase are enabled for all of Flash program memory. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 158 Flash Program Memory Address 0001H Table 87. Flash Options Bits at Program Memory Address 0001H BITS 7 6 5 4 Reserved FIELD 2 XTLDIS 1 0 Reserved U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 3 Program Memory 0001H ADDR Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. Reserved--Must be 1. XTLDIS--State of Crystal Oscillator at Reset. This bit only enables the crystal oscillator. Its selection as system clock must be done manually. 0 = Crystal oscillator is enabled during reset, resulting in longer reset timing 1 = Crystal oscillator is disabled during reset, resulting in shorter reset timing Note: Warning: Programming the XTLDIS bit to zero on 8-pin versions of this device prevents any further communication via the debug pin. This is due to the fact that the XIN and DBG functions are shared on pin 2 of this package. Do not program this bit to zero on 8-pin devices unless no further debugging or Flash programming is required. Trim Bit Address Space All available Trim bit addresses and their functions are listed in Table 88 through Table 92. Trim Bit Address 0000H Table 88. Trim Options Bits at Address 0000H BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 Reserved FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 3 ADDR Information Page Memory 0020H Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. Reserved--Altering this register may result in incorrect device operation. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 159 Trim Bit Address 0001H Table 89. Trim Option Bits at 0001H BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reserved FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W Information Page Memory 0021H ADDR Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. Reserved--Altering this register may result in incorrect device operation. Trim Bit Address 0002H Table 90. Trim Option Bits at 0002H (TIPO) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 FIELD IPO_TRIM RESET U 2 1 0 2 1 0 R/W R/W Information Page Memory 0022H ADDR Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. IPO_TRIM--Internal Precision Oscillator Trim Byte Contains trimming bits for Internal Precision Oscillator. Trim Bit Address 0003H The LVD is available on 8-pin devices only. Note: Table 91. Trim Option Bits at Address 0003H (TLVD) BITS 7 5 4 3 Reserved FIELD LVD_TRIM U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 6 ADDR Information Page Memory 0023H Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 160 Reserved--Must be 1. LVD_TRIM--Low Voltage Detect Trim This trimming affects the low voltage detection threshold. Each LSB represents a 50 mV change in the threshold level. Alternatively, the low voltage threshold may be computed from the options bit value by the following equation: LVD_LVL = 3.6 V - LVD_TRIM x 0.05 V LVD Threshold (V) PS022825-0908 LVD_TRIM Typical 00000 3.60 00001 3.55 00010 3.50 00011 3.45 00100 3.40 00101 3.35 00110 3.30 00111 3.25 01000 3.20 01001 3.15 01010 3.10 01011 3.05 01100 3.00 01101 2.95 01110 2.90 01111 2.85 10000 2.80 10001 2.75 10010 2.70 10011 to 11111 2.70 to 1.65 Description Maximum LVD threshold Default on Reset Minimum LVD threshold Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 161 Trim Bit Address 0004H Table 92. Trim Option Bits at 0004H BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reserved FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W Information Page Memory 0024H ADDR Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. Reserved--Altering this register may result in incorrect device operation. Zilog Calibration Data ADC Calibration Data Table 93. ADC Calibration Bits BITS 7 6 5 3 2 1 0 ADC_CAL FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 4 ADDR Information Page Memory 0060H-007DH Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. ADC_CAL--Analog-to-Digital Converter Calibration Values Contains factory calibrated values for ADC gain and offset compensation. Each of the ten supported modes has one byte of offset calibration and two bytes of gain calibration. These values are read by the software to compensate ADC measurements as described in Software Compensation Procedure Using Factory Calibration Data on page 126. The location of each calibration byte is provided in Table 94 on page 162. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 162 Table 94. ADC Calibration Data Location Info Page Memory Address Address Compensation Usage ADC Mode Reference Type 60 FE60 Offset Single-Ended Unbuffered Internal 2.0 V 08 FE08 Gain High Byte Single-Ended Unbuffered Internal 2.0 V 09 FE09 Gain Low Byte Single-Ended Unbuffered Internal 2.0 V 63 FE63 Offset Single-Ended Unbuffered Internal 1.0 V 0A FE0A Gain High Byte Single-Ended Unbuffered Internal 1.0 V 0B FE0B Gain Low Byte Single-Ended Unbuffered Internal 1.0 V 66 FE66 Offset Single-Ended Unbuffered External 2.0 V 0C FE0C Gain High Byte Single-Ended Unbuffered External 2.0 V 0D FE0D Gain Low Byte Single-Ended Unbuffered External 2.0 V 69 FE69 Offset Single-Ended 1x Buffered Internal 2.0 V 0E FE0E Gain High Byte Single-Ended 1x Buffered Internal 2.0 V 0F FE0F Gain Low Byte Single-Ended 1x Buffered Internal 2.0 V 6C FE6C Offset Single-Ended 1x Buffered External 2.0 V 10 FE10 Gain High Byte Single-Ended 1x Buffered External 2.0 V 11 FE11 Gain Low Byte Single-Ended 1x Buffered External 2.0 V 6F FE6F Offset Differential Unbuffered Internal 2.0 V 12 FE12 Positive Gain High Byte Differential Unbuffered Internal 2.0 V 13 FE13 Positive Gain Low Byte Differential Unbuffered Internal 2.0 V 30 FE30 Negative Gain High Byte Differential Unbuffered Internal 2.0 V 31 FE31 Negative Gain Low Byte Differential Unbuffered Internal 2.0 V 72 FE72 Offset Differential Unbuffered Internal 1.0 V 14 FE14 Positive Gain High Byte Differential Unbuffered Internal 1.0 V 15 FE15 Positive Gain Low Byte Differential Unbuffered Internal 1.0 V 32 FE32 Negative Gain High Byte Differential Unbuffered Internal 1.0 V 33 FE33 Negative Gain Low Byte Differential Unbuffered Internal 1.0 V 75 FE75 Offset Differential Unbuffered External 2.0 V 16 FE16 Positive Gain High Byte Differential Unbuffered External 2.0 V 17 FE17 Positive Gain Low Byte Differential Unbuffered External 2.0 V PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 163 Table 94. ADC Calibration Data Location (Continued) Info Page Memory Address Address Compensation Usage ADC Mode Reference Type 34 FE34 Negative Gain High Byte Differential Unbuffered External 2.0 V 35 FE35 Negative Gain Low Byte Differential Unbuffered External 2.0 V 78 FE78 Offset Differential 1x Buffered Internal 2.0 V 18 FE18 Positive Gain High Byte Differential 1x Buffered Internal 2.0 V 19 FE19 Positive Gain Low Byte Differential 1x Buffered Internal 2.0 V 36 FE36 Negative Gain High Byte Differential 1x Buffered Internal 2.0 V 37 FE37 Negative Gain Low Byte Differential 1x Buffered Internal 2.0 V 7B FE7B Offset Differential 1x Buffered External 2.0 V 1A FE1A Positive Gain High Byte Differential 1x Buffered External 2.0 V 1B FE1B Positive Gain Low Byte Differential 1x Buffered External 2.0 V 38 FE38 Negative Gain High Byte Differential 1x Buffered External 2.0 V 39 FE39 Negative Gain Low Byte Differential 1x Buffered External 2.0 V PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 164 Temperature Sensor Calibration Data Table 95. Temperature Sensor Calibration High Byte at 003A (TSCALH) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TSCALH FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W Information Page Memory 003A ADDR Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. TSCALH - Temperature Sensor Calibration High Byte The TSCALH and TSCALL bytes combine to form the 12-bit temperature sensor offset calibration value. For more details, see Temperature Sensor Operation on page 139. Table 96. Temperature Sensor Calibration Low Byte at 003B (TSCALL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TSCALL FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W Information Page Memory 003B ADDR Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. TSCALL - Temperature Sensor Calibration Low Byte The TSCALH and TSCALL bytes combine to form the 12-bit temperature sensor offset calibration value. For usage details, see Temperature Sensor Operation on page 139. Watchdog Timer Calibration Data Table 97. Watchdog Calibration High Byte at 007EH (WDTCALH) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 WDTCALH FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 3 ADDR Information Page Memory 007EH Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 165 WDTCALH--Watchdog Timer Calibration High Byte The WDTCALH and WDTCALL bytes, when loaded into the Watchdog Timer reload registers result in a one second timeout at room temperature and 3.3 V supply voltage. To use the Watchdog Timer calibration, user code must load WDTU with 0x00, WDTH with WDTCALH and WDTL with WDTCALL. Table 98. Watchdog Calibration Low Byte at 007FH (WDTCALL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 WDTCALL FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W Information Page Memory 007FH ADDR Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. WDTCALL--Watchdog Timer Calibration Low Byte The WDTCALH and WDTCALL bytes, when loaded into the Watchdog Timer reload registers result in a one second timeout at room temperature and 3.3 V supply voltage. To use the Watchdog Timer calibration, user code must load WDTU with 0x00, WDTH with WDTCALH and WDTL with WDTCALL. Serialization Data Table 99. Serial Number at 001C - 001F (S_NUM) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 S_NUM FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 3 ADDR Information Page Memory 001C-001F Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. S_NUM--Serial Number Byte The serial number is a unique four-byte binary value. PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 166 Table 100. Serialization Data Locations Info Page Address Memory Address Usage 1C FE1C Serial Number Byte 3 (most significant) 1D FE1D Serial Number Byte 2 1E FE1E Serial Number Byte 1 1F FE1F Serial Number Byte 0 (least significant) Randomized Lot Identifier Table 101. Lot Identification Number (RAND_LOT) BITS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 RAND_LOT FIELD U U U U U U U U R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W RESET R/W 3 Interspersed throughout Information Page Memory ADDR Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write. RAND_LOT--Randomized Lot ID The randomized lot ID is a 32 byte binary value that changes for each production lot. Table 102. Randomized Lot ID Locations PS022825-0908 Info Page Memory Address Address Usage 3C FE3C Randomized Lot ID Byte 31 (most significant) 3D FE3D Randomized Lot ID Byte 30 3E FE3E Randomized Lot ID Byte 29 3F FE3F Randomized Lot ID Byte 28 58 FE58 Randomized Lot ID Byte 27 59 FE59 Randomized Lot ID Byte 26 5A FE5A Randomized Lot ID Byte 25 5B FE5B Randomized Lot ID Byte 24 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 167 Table 102. Randomized Lot ID Locations (Continued) PS022825-0908 Info Page Memory Address Address Usage 5C FE5C Randomized Lot ID Byte 23 5D FE5D Randomized Lot ID Byte 22 5E FE5E Randomized Lot ID Byte 21 5F FE5F Randomized Lot ID Byte 20 61 FE61 Randomized Lot ID Byte 19 62 FE62 Randomized Lot ID Byte 18 64 FE64 Randomized Lot ID Byte 17 65 FE65 Randomized Lot ID Byte 16 67 FE67 Randomized Lot ID Byte 15 68 FE68 Randomized Lot ID Byte 14 6A FE6A Randomized Lot ID Byte 13 6B FE6B Randomized Lot ID Byte 12 6D FE6D Randomized Lot ID Byte 11 6E FE6E Randomized Lot ID Byte 10 70 FE70 Randomized Lot ID Byte 9 71 FE71 Randomized Lot ID Byte 8 73 FE73 Randomized Lot ID Byte 7 74 FE74 Randomized Lot ID Byte 6 76 FE76 Randomized Lot ID Byte 5 77 FE77 Randomized Lot ID Byte 4 79 FE79 Randomized Lot ID Byte 3 7A FE7A Randomized Lot ID Byte 2 7C FE7C Randomized Lot ID Byte 1 7D FE7D Randomized Lot ID Byte 0 (least significant) Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 168 PS022825-0908 Flash Option Bits Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 169 Non-Volatile Data Storage The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices contain a non-volatile data storage (NVDS) element of up to 128 bytes. This memory can perform over 100,000 write cycles. Operation The NVDS is implemented by special purpose Zilog(R) software stored in areas of program memory, which are not user-accessible. These special-purpose routines use the Flash memory to store the data. The routines incorporate a dynamic addressing scheme to maximize the write/erase endurance of the Flash. Note: Different members of the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series feature multiple NVDS array sizes. See Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Family Part Selection Guide on page 3 for details. Also the members containing 8 KB of Flash memory do not include the NVDS feature. NVDS Code Interface Two routines are required to access the NVDS: a write routine and a read routine. Both of these routines are accessed with a CALL instruction to a pre-defined address outside of the user-accessible program memory. Both the NVDS address and data are single-byte values. Because these routines disturb the working register set, user code must ensure that any required working register values are preserved by pushing them onto the stack or by changing the working register pointer just prior to NVDS execution. During both read and write accesses to the NVDS, interrupt service is NOT disabled. Any interrupts that occur during the NVDS execution must take care not to disturb the working register and existing stack contents or else the array may become corrupted. Disabling interrupts before executing NVDS operations is recommended. Use of the NVDS requires 15 bytes of available stack space. Also, the contents of the working register set are overwritten. For correct NVDS operation, the Flash Frequency Registers must be programmed based on the system clock frequency (see Flash Operation Timing Using the Flash Frequency Registers on page 145). Byte Write To write a byte to the NVDS array, the user code must first push the address, then the data byte onto the stack. The user code issues a CALL instruction to the address of the byte-write routine (0x10B3). At the return from the sub-routine, the write status byte PS022825-0908 Non-Volatile Data Storage Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 170 resides in working register R0. The bit fields of this status byte are defined in Table 103. The contents of the status byte are undefined for write operations to illegal addresses. Also, user code must pop the address and data bytes off the stack. The write routine uses 13 bytes of stack space in addition to the two bytes of address and data pushed by the user. Sufficient memory must be available for this stack usage. Because of the Flash memory architecture, NVDS writes exhibit a non-uniform execution time. In general, a write takes 251 s (assuming a 20 MHz system clock). Every 400 to 500 writes, however, a maintenance operation is necessary. In this rare occurrence, the write takes up to 61 ms to complete. Slower system clock speeds result in proportionally higher execution times. NVDS byte writes to invalid addresses (those exceeding the NVDS array size) have no effect. Illegal write operations have a 2 s execution time. Table 103. Write Status Byte 7 BITS 6 5 4 Reserved FIELD DEFAULT VALUE 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 RCPY PF AWE DWE 0 0 0 0 Reserved--Must be 0. RCPY--Recopy Subroutine Executed A recopy subroutine was executed. These operations take significantly longer than a normal write operation. PF--Power Failure Indicator A power failure or system reset occurred during the most recent attempted write to the NVDS array. AW--Address Write Error An address byte failure occurred during the most recent attempted write to the NVDS array. DWE--Data Write Error A data byte failure occurred during the most recent attempted write to the NVDS array. Byte Read To read a byte from the NVDS array, user code must first push the address onto the stack. User code issues a CALL instruction to the address of the byte-read routine (0x1000). At the return from the sub-routine, the read byte resides in working register R0, and the read status byte resides in working register R1. The contents of the status byte are undefined for PS022825-0908 Non-Volatile Data Storage Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 171 read operations to illegal addresses. Also, the user code must pop the address byte off the stack. The read routine uses 9 bytes of stack space in addition to the one byte of address pushed by the user. Sufficient memory must be available for this stack usage. Because of the Flash memory architecture, NVDS reads exhibit a non-uniform execution time. A read operation takes between 44 s and 489 s (assuming a 20 MHz system clock). Slower system clock speeds result in proportionally higher execution times. NVDS byte reads from invalid addresses (those exceeding the NVDS array size) return 0xff. Illegal read operations have a 2 s execution time. The status byte returned by the NVDS read routine is zero for successful read, as determined by a CRC check. If the status byte is non-zero, there was a corrupted value in the NVDS array at the location being read. In this case, the value returned in R0 is the byte most recently written to the array that does not have a CRC error. Power Failure Protection The NVDS routines employ error checking mechanisms to ensure a power failure endangers only the most recently written byte. Bytes previously written to the array are not perturbed. A system reset (such as a pin reset or Watchdog Timer reset) that occurs during a write operation also perturbs the byte currently being written. All other bytes in the array are unperturbed. Optimizing NVDS Memory Usage for Execution Speed The NVDS read time varies drastically, this discrepancy being a trade-off for minimizing the frequency of writes that require post-write page erases (see Table 104). The NVDS read time of address N is a function of the number of writes to addresses other than N since the most recent write to address N, as well as the number of writes since the most recent page erase. Neglecting effects caused by page erases and results caused by the initial condition in which the NVDS is blank, a rule of thumb is that every write since the most recent page erase causes read times of unwritten addresses to increase by 1 s, up to a maximum of (511-NVDS_SIZE) s. Table 104. NVDS Read Time Operation PS022825-0908 Minimum Latency Maximum Latency Read (16 byte array) 875 9961 Read (64 byte array) 876 8952 Non-Volatile Data Storage Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 172 Table 104. NVDS Read Time (Continued) Operation Minimum Latency Maximum Latency Read (128 byte array) 883 7609 Write (16 byte array) 4973 5009 Write (64 byte array) 4971 5013 Write (128 byte array) 4984 5023 Illegal Read 43 43 Illegal Write 31 31 If NVDS read performance is critical to your software architecture, there are some things you can do to optimize your code for speed, listed in order from most helpful to least helpful: PS022825-0908 * Periodically refresh all addresses that are used. The optimal use of NVDS in terms of speed is to rotate the writes evenly among all addresses planned to use, bringing all reads closer to the minimum read time. Because the minimum read time is much less than the write time, however, actual speed benefits are not always realized. * Use as few unique addresses as possible: this helps to optimize the impact of refreshing as well as minimize the requirement for it. Non-Volatile Data Storage Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 173 On-Chip Debugger The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices contain an integrated On-Chip Debugger (OCD) that provides advanced debugging features including: * * * * * * Single pin interface. Reading and writing of the register file. Reading and writing of program and data memory. Setting of breakpoints and watchpoints. Executing eZ8 CPU instructions. Debug pin sharing with general-purpose input-output function to maximize pins available to the user (8-pin product only). Architecture The on-chip debugger consists of four primary functional blocks: transmitter, receiver, auto-baud detector/generator, and debug controller. Figure 23 displays the architecture of the on-chip debugger. CPU Control System Clock eZ8 TM Auto-Baud Detector/Generator Transmitter Debug Controller DBG Pin Receiver Figure 23. On-Chip Debugger Block Diagram PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 174 Operation OCD Interface The on-chip debugger uses the DBG pin for communication with an external host. This one-pin interface is a bi-directional, open-drain interface that transmits and receives data. Data transmission is half-duplex, in that transmit and receive cannot occur simultaneously. The serial data on the DBG pin is sent using the standard asynchronous data format defined in RS-232. This pin creates an interface from the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products to the serial port of a host PC using minimal external hardware.Two different methods for connecting the DBG pin to an RS-232 interface are displayed in Figure 24 and Figure 25. The recommended method is the buffered implementation displayed in Figure 25. The DBG pin has a internal pull-up resistor which is sufficient for some applications (for more details on the pull-up current, see Electrical Characteristics on page 221). For OCD operation at higher data rates or in noisy systems, an external pull-up resistor is recommended. Caution: For operation of the on-chip debugger, all power pins (VDD and AVDD) must be supplied with power, and all ground pins (VSS and AVSS) must be properly grounded. The DBG pin is open-drain and may require an external pull-up resistor to ensure proper operation. VDD RS-232 Transceiver RS-232 TX Schottky Diode 10 KOhm DBG Pin RS-232 RX Figure 24. Interfacing the On-Chip Debugger's DBG Pin with an RS-232 Interface (1) PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 175 VDD RS-232 Transceiver RS-232 TX Open-Drain Buffer 10 k DBG Pin RS-232 RX Figure 25. Interfacing the On-Chip Debugger's DBG Pin with an RS-232 Interface (2) DEBUG Mode The operating characteristics of the devices in DEBUG mode are: * The eZ8 CPU fetch unit stops, idling the eZ8 CPU, unless directed by the OCD to execute specific instructions. * * * * The system clock operates unless in STOP mode. All enabled on-chip peripherals operate unless in STOP mode. Automatically exits HALT mode. Constantly refreshes the Watchdog Timer, if enabled. Entering DEBUG Mode The operating characteristics of the devices entering DEBUG mode are: * The device enters DEBUG mode after the eZ8 CPU executes a BRK (Breakpoint) instruction. * If the DBG pin is held Low during the final clock cycle of system reset, the part enters DEBUG mode immediately (20-/28-pin products only). Note: PS022825-0908 Holding the DBG pin Low for an additional 5000 (minimum) clock cycles after reset (making sure to account for any specified frequency error if using an internal oscillator) prevents a false interpretation of an Autobaud sequence (see OCD Auto-Baud Detector/ Generator on page 176). On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 176 * If the PA2/RESET pin is held Low while a 32-bit key sequence is issued to the PA0/ DBG pin, the DBG feature is unlocked. After releasing PA2/RESET, it is pulled High. At this point, the PA0/DBG pin may be used to autobaud and cause the device to enter DEBUG mode. See OCD Unlock Sequence (8-Pin Devices Only) on page 178. Exiting DEBUG Mode The device exits DEBUG mode following any of these operations: * * * * * * Clearing the DBGMODE bit in the OCD Control Register to 0 Power-On Reset Voltage Brownout reset Watchdog Timer reset Asserting the RESET pin Low to initiate a Reset Driving the DBG pin Low while the device is in STOP mode initiates a System Reset OCD Data Format The OCD interface uses the asynchronous data format defined for RS-232. Each character transmitted and received by the OCD consists of 1 Start bit, 8 data bits (least-significant bit first), and 1 Stop bit as displayed in Figure 26. START D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 STOP Figure 26. OCD Data Format Note: When responding to a request for data, the OCD may commence transmitting immediately after receiving the stop bit of an incoming frame. Therefore, when sending the stop bit, the host must not actively drive the DBG pin High for more than 0.5 bit times. It is recommended that, if possible, the host drives the DBG pin using an open drain output to avoid this issue. OCD Auto-Baud Detector/Generator To run over a range of baud rates (data bits per second) with various system clock frequencies, the On-Chip Debugger contains an Auto-Baud Detector/Generator. After a reset, the OCD is idle until it receives data. The OCD requires that the first character sent from the host is the character 80H. The character 80H has eight continuous bits Low (one Start bit plus 7 data bits), framed between High bits. The Auto-Baud Detector measures this period and sets the OCD Baud Rate Generator accordingly. PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 177 The Auto-Baud Detector/Generator is clocked by the system clock. The minimum baud rate is the system clock frequency divided by 512. For optimal operation with asynchronous datastreams, the maximum recommended baud rate is the system clock frequency divided by 8. The maximum possible baud rate for asynchronous datastreams is the system clock frequency divided by 4, but this theoretical maximum is possible only for low noise designs with clean signals. Table 105 lists minimum and recommended maximum baud rates for sample crystal frequencies. Table 105. OCD Baud-Rate Limits System Clock Frequency (MHz) Recommended Recommended Maximum Standard PC Baud Rate (Kbps) Baud Rate (bps) 20.0 2500.0 1,843,200 1.0 125.0 115,200 0.032768 (32 kHz) 4.096 2,400 Minimum Baud Rate (Kbps) 39 1.95 0.064 If the OCD receives a Serial Break (nine or more continuous bits Low) the Auto-Baud Detector/Generator resets. Reconfigure the Auto-Baud Detector/Generator by sending 80H. OCD Serial Errors The On-Chip Debugger can detect any of the following error conditions on the DBG pin: * * * Serial Break (a minimum of nine continuous bits Low) Framing Error (received Stop bit is Low) Transmit Collision (OCD and host simultaneous transmission detected by the OCD) When the OCD detects one of these errors, it aborts any command currently in progress, transmits a four character long Serial Break back to the host, and resets the Auto-Baud Detector/Generator. A Framing Error or Transmit Collision may be caused by the host sending a Serial Break to the OCD. Because of the open-drain nature of the interface, returning a Serial Break break back to the host only extends the length of the Serial Break if the host releases the Serial Break early. The host transmits a Serial Break on the DBG pin when first connecting to the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices or when recovering from an error. A Serial Break from the host resets the Auto-Baud Generator/Detector but does not reset the OCD Control register. A Serial Break leaves the device in DEBUG mode if that is the current mode. The OCD is held in Reset until the end of the Serial Break when the DBG pin returns PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 178 High. Because of the open-drain nature of the DBG pin, the host can send a Serial Break to the OCD even if the OCD is transmitting a character. OCD Unlock Sequence (8-Pin Devices Only) Because of pin-sharing on the 8-pin device, an unlock sequence must be performed to access the DBG pin. If this sequence is not completed during a system reset, then the PA0/ DBG pin functions only as a GPIO pin. The following sequence unlocks the DBG pin: 1. Hold PA2/RESET Low. 2. Wait 5ms for the internal reset sequence to complete. 3. Send the following bytes serially to the debug pin: DBG 80H (autobaud) DBG EBH DBG 5AH DBG 70H DBG CDH (32-bit unlock key) 4. Release PA2/RESET. The PA0/DBG pin is now identical in function to that of the DBG pin on the 20-/28-pin device. To enter DEBUG mode, re-autobaud and write 80H to the OCD control register (see On-Chip Debugger Commands on page 179). Caution: Between Step 3 and Step 4, there is an interval during which the 8-pin device is neither in RESET nor DEBUG mode. If a device has been erased or has not yet been programmed, all program memory bytes contain FFH. The CPU interprets this as an illegal instruction, so some irregular behavior can occur before entering DEBUG mode, and the register values after entering DEBUG mode differs from their specified reset values. However, none of these irregularities prevent programming the Flash memory. Before beginning system debug, it is recommended that some legal code be programmed into the 8-pin device, and that a RESET occurs. Breakpoints Execution Breakpoints are generated using the BRK instruction (opcode 00H). When the eZ8 CPU decodes a BRK instruction, it signals the On-Chip Debugger. If Breakpoints are enabled, the OCD enters DEBUG mode and idles the eZ8 CPU. If Breakpoints are not enabled, the OCD ignores the BRK signal and the BRK instruction operates as an NOP instruction. PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 179 Breakpoints in Flash Memory The BRK instruction is opcode 00H, which corresponds to the fully programmed state of a byte in Flash memory. To implement a Breakpoint, write 00H to the required break address, overwriting the current instruction. To remove a Breakpoint, the corresponding page of Flash memory must be erased and reprogrammed with the original data. Runtime Counter The On-Chip Debugger contains a 16-bit Runtime Counter. It counts system clock cycles between Breakpoints. The counter starts counting when the On-Chip Debugger leaves DEBUG mode and stops counting when it enters DEBUG mode again or when it reaches the maximum count of FFFFH. On-Chip Debugger Commands The host communicates to the on-chip debugger by sending OCD commands using the DBG interface. During normal operation, only a subset of the OCD commands are available. In DEBUG mode, all OCD commands become available unless the user code and control registers are protected by programming the Flash Read Protect Option bit (FRP). The Flash Read Protect Option bit prevents the code in memory from being read out of the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series products. When this option is enabled, several of the OCD commands are disabled. Table 106 on page 184 is a summary of the On-chip debugger commands. Each OCD command is described in further detail in the bulleted list following this table. Table 106 on page 184 also indicates those commands that operate when the device is not in DEBUG mode (normal operation) and those commands that are disabled by programming the Flash Read Protect Option bit. Command Byte Enabled when NOT in DEBUG mode? Disabled by Flash Read Protect Option Bit Read OCD Revision 00H Yes - Reserved 01H - - Read OCD Status Register 02H Yes - Read Runtime Counter 03H - - Write OCD Control Register 04H Yes Cannot clear DBGMODE bit Read OCD Control Register 05H Yes - Write Program Counter 06H - Disabled Read Program Counter 07H - Disabled Debug Command PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 180 Command Byte Enabled when NOT in DEBUG mode? Write Register 08H - Only writes of the Flash Memory Control registers are allowed. Additionally, only the Mass Erase command is allowed to be written to the Flash Control register. Read Register 09H - Disabled Write Program Memory 0AH - Disabled Read Program Memory 0BH - Disabled Write Data Memory 0CH - Yes Read Data Memory 0DH - - Read Program Memory CRC 0EH - - Reserved 0FH - - Step Instruction 10H - Disabled Stuff Instruction 11H - Disabled Execute Instruction 12H - Disabled 13H-FFH - - Debug Command Reserved Disabled by Flash Read Protect Option Bit In the following bulleted list of OCD Commands, data and commands sent from the host to the On-Chip Debugger are identified by 'DBG Command/Data'. Data sent from the On-Chip Debugger back to the host is identified by 'DBG Data' * Read OCD Revision (00H)--The Read OCD Revision command determines the version of the On-Chip Debugger. If OCD commands are added, removed, or changed, this revision number changes. DBG 00H DBG OCDRev[15:8] (Major revision number) DBG OCDRev[7:0] (Minor revision number) * Read OCD Status Register (02H)--The Read OCD Status Register command reads the OCDSTAT register. DBG 02H DBG OCDSTAT[7:0] * PS022825-0908 Read Runtime Counter (03H)--The Runtime Counter counts system clock cycles in between Breakpoints. The 16-bit Runtime Counter counts up from 0000H and stops at the maximum count of FFFFH. The Runtime Counter is overwritten during the On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 181 Write Memory, Read Memory, Write Register, Read Register, Read Memory CRC, Step Instruction, Stuff Instruction, and Execute Instruction commands. DBG 03H DBG RuntimeCounter[15:8] DBG RuntimeCounter[7:0] * Write OCD Control Register (04H)--The Write OCD Control Register command writes the data that follows to the OCDCTL register. When the Flash Read Protect Option Bit is enabled, the DBGMODE bit (OCDCTL[7]) can only be set to 1, it cannot be cleared to 0 and the only method of returning the device to normal operating mode is to reset the device. DBG 04H DBG OCDCTL[7:0] * Read OCD Control Register (05H)--The Read OCD Control Register command reads the value of the OCDCTL register. DBG 05H DBG OCDCTL[7:0] * Write Program Counter (06H)--The Write Program Counter command writes the data that follows to the eZ8 CPU's Program Counter (PC). If the device is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the Program Counter (PC) values are discarded. DBG 06H DBG ProgramCounter[15:8] DBG ProgramCounter[7:0] * Read Program Counter (07H)--The Read Program Counter command reads the value in the eZ8 CPU's Program Counter (PC). If the device is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, this command returns FFFFH. DBG 07H DBG ProgramCounter[15:8] DBG ProgramCounter[7:0] * Write Register (08H)--The Write Register command writes data to the Register File. Data can be written 1-256 bytes at a time (256 bytes can be written by setting size to 0). If the device is not in DEBUG mode, the address and data values are discarded. If the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, only writes to the Flash Control Registers are allowed and all other register write data values are discarded. DBG DBG DBG DBG DBG PS022825-0908 08H {4'h0,Register Address[11:8]} Register Address[7:0] Size[7:0] 1-256 data bytes On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 182 * Read Register (09H)--The Read Register command reads data from the Register File. Data can be read 1-256 bytes at a time (256 bytes can be read by setting size to 0). If the device is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, this command returns FFH for all the data values. DBG DBG DBG DBG DBG * 0AH Program Memory Address[15:8] Program Memory Address[7:0] Size[15:8] Size[7:0] 1-65536 data bytes Read Program Memory (0BH)--The Read Program Memory command reads data from Program Memory. This command is equivalent to the LDC and LDCI instructions. Data can be read 1-65536 bytes at a time (65536 bytes can be read by setting size to 0). If the device is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, this command returns FFH for the data. DBG DBG DBG DBG DBG DBG * 09H {4'h0,Register Address[11:8] Register Address[7:0] Size[7:0] 1-256 data bytes Write Program Memory (0AH)--The Write Program Memory command writes data to Program Memory. This command is equivalent to the LDC and LDCI instructions. Data can be written 1-65536 bytes at a time (65536 bytes can be written by setting size to 0). The on-chip Flash Controller must be written to and unlocked for the programming operation to occur. If the Flash Controller is not unlocked, the data is discarded. If the device is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the data is discarded. DBG DBG DBG DBG DBG DBG * 0BH Program Memory Address[15:8] Program Memory Address[7:0] Size[15:8] Size[7:0] 1-65536 data bytes Write Data Memory (0CH)--The Write Data Memory command writes data to Data Memory. This command is equivalent to the LDE and LDEI instructions. Data can be written 1-65536 bytes at a time (65536 bytes can be written by setting size to 0). If the device is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the data is discarded. DBG 0CH DBG Data Memory Address[15:8] DBG Data Memory Address[7:0] PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 183 DBG Size[15:8] DBG Size[7:0] DBG 1-65536 data bytes * Read Data Memory (0DH)--The Read Data Memory command reads from Data Memory. This command is equivalent to the LDE and LDEI instructions. Data can be read 1 to 65536 bytes at a time (65536 bytes can be read by setting size to 0). If the device is not in DEBUG mode, this command returns FFH for the data. DBG DBG DBG DBG DBG DBG * 0DH Data Memory Address[15:8] Data Memory Address[7:0] Size[15:8] Size[7:0] 1-65536 data bytes Read Program Memory CRC (0EH)--The Read Program Memory CRC command computes and returns the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of Program Memory using the 16-bit CRC-CCITT polynomial. If the device is not in DEBUG mode, this command returns FFFFH for the CRC value. Unlike most other OCD Read commands, there is a delay from issuing of the command until the OCD returns the data. The OCD reads the Program Memory, calculates the CRC value, and returns the result. The delay is a function of the Program Memory size and is approximately equal to the system clock period multiplied by the number of bytes in the Program Memory. DBG 0EH DBG CRC[15:8] DBG CRC[7:0] * Step Instruction (10H)--The Step Instruction command steps one assembly instruction at the current Program Counter (PC) location. If the device is not in DEBUG mode or the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the OCD ignores this command. DBG 10H * Stuff Instruction (11H)--The Stuff Instruction command steps one assembly instruction and allows specification of the first byte of the instruction. The remaining 04 bytes of the instruction are read from Program Memory. This command is useful for stepping over instructions where the first byte of the instruction has been overwritten by a Breakpoint. If the device is not in DEBUG mode or the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the OCD ignores this command. DBG 11H DBG opcode[7:0] * PS022825-0908 Execute Instruction (12H)--The Execute Instruction command allows sending an entire instruction to be executed to the eZ8 CPU. This command can also step over Breakpoints. The number of bytes to send for the instruction depends on the opcode. On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 184 If the device is not in DEBUG mode or the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, this command reads and discards one byte. DBG 12H DBG 1-5 byte opcode On-Chip Debugger Control Register Definitions OCD Control Register The OCD Control register controls the state of the On-Chip Debugger. This register is used to enter or exit DEBUG mode and to enable the BRK instruction. It can also reset the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series device. A reset and stop function can be achieved by writing 81H to this register. A reset and go function can be achieved by writing 41H to this register. If the device is in DEBUG mode, a run function can be implemented by writing 40H to this register. . Table 106. OCD Control Register (OCDCTL) BITS 7 6 5 FIELD DBGMODE BRKEN DBGACK RESET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R R R R R/W R/W 4 3 2 1 Reserved 0 RST DBGMODE--DEBUG Mode The device enters DEBUG mode when this bit is 1. When in DEBUG mode, the eZ8 CPU stops fetching new instructions. Clearing this bit causes the eZ8 CPU to restart. This bit is automatically set when a BRK instruction is decoded and Breakpoints are enabled. If the Flash Read Protect Option Bit is enabled, this bit can only be cleared by resetting the device. It cannot be written to 0. 0 = The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series device is operating in NORMAL mode. 1 = The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series device is in DEBUG mode. BRKEN--Breakpoint Enable This bit controls the behavior of the BRK instruction (opcode 00H). By default, Breakpoints are disabled and the BRK instruction behaves similar to an NOP instruction. If this bit is 1, when a BRK instruction is decoded, the DBGMODE bit of the OCDCTL register is automatically set to 1. 0 = Breakpoints are disabled. 1 = Breakpoints are enabled. PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 185 DBGACK--Debug Acknowledge This bit enables the debug acknowledge feature. If this bit is set to 1, the OCD sends a Debug Acknowledge character (FFH) to the host when a Breakpoint occurs. 0 = Debug Acknowledge is disabled. 1 = Debug Acknowledge is enabled. Reserved--Must be 0. RST--Reset Setting this bit to 1 resets the Z8F04xA family device. The device goes through a normal Power-On Reset sequence with the exception that the On-Chip Debugger is not reset. This bit is automatically cleared to 0 at the end of reset. 0 = No effect. 1 = Reset the Flash Read Protect Option Bit device. OCD Status Register The OCD Status register reports status information about the current state of the debugger and the system. Table 107. OCD Status Register (OCDSTAT) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 FIELD DBG HALT FRPENB RESET 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R R R R R 2 1 0 0 0 0 R R R Reserved DBG--Debug Status 0 = NORMAL mode 1 = DEBUG mode HALT--HALT Mode 0 = Not in HALT mode 1 = In HALT mode FRPENB--Flash Read Protect Option Bit Enable 0 = FRP bit enabled, that allows disabling of many OCD commands 1 = FRP bit has no effect Reserved--Must be 0 PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 186 PS022825-0908 On-Chip Debugger Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 187 Oscillator Control The Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices uses five possible clocking schemes, each user-selectable: * * * * * * Internal precision trimmed RC oscillator (IPO). On-chip oscillator using off-chip crystal or resonator. On-chip oscillator using external RC network. External clock drive. On-chip low power Watchdog Timer oscillator. Clock failure detection circuitry. In addition, Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices contain clock failure detection and recovery circuitry, allowing continued operation despite a failure of the system clock oscillator. Operation This chapter discusses the logic used to select the system clock and handle primary oscillator failures. System Clock Selection The oscillator control block selects from the available clocks. Table 108 details each clock source and its usage. PS022825-0908 Oscillator Control Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 188 Table 108. Oscillator Configuration and Selection Clock Source Characteristics Required Setup Internal Precision RC Oscillator * 32.8 kHz or 5.53 MHz * High accuracy * No external components required * Unlock and write Oscillator Control Register (OSCCTL) to enable and select oscillator at either 5.53 MHz or 32.8 kHz External Crystal/ Resonator * 32 kHz to 20 MHz * Very high accuracy (dependent on crystal or resonator used) * Requires external components * Configure Flash option bits for correct external oscillator mode * Unlock and write OSCCTL to enable crystal oscillator, wait for it to stabilize and select as system clock (if the XTLDIS option bit has been deasserted, no waiting is required) External RC Oscillator * 32 kHz to 4 MHz * Accuracy dependent on external components * Configure Flash option bits for correct external oscillator mode * Unlock and write OSCCTL to enable crystal oscillator and select as system clock External Clock Drive * 0 to 20 MHz * Accuracy dependent on external clock source * Write GPIO registers to configure PB3 pin for external clock function * Unlock and write OSCCTL to select external system clock * Apply external clock signal to GPIO Internal Watchdog Timer Oscillator * Enable WDT if not enabled and wait * 10 kHz nominal * Low accuracy; no external components until WDT Oscillator is operating. * Unlock and write Oscillator Control required Register (OSCCTL) to enable and * Very low power consumption select oscillator Caution: Unintentional accesses to the oscillator control register can actually stop the chip by switching to a non-functioning oscillator. To prevent this condition, the oscillator control block employs a register unlocking/locking scheme. OSC Control Register Unlocking/Locking To write the oscillator control register, unlock it by making two writes to the OSCCTL register with the values E7H followed by 18H. A third write to the OSCCTL register changes the value of the actual register and returns the register to a locked state. Any other sequence of oscillator control register writes has no effect. The values written to unlock the register must be ordered correctly, but are not necessarily consecutive. It is possible to write to or read from other registers within the unlocking/locking operation. PS022825-0908 Oscillator Control Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 189 When selecting a new clock source, the system clock oscillator failure detection circuitry and the Watchdog Timer oscillator failure circuitry must be disabled. If SOFEN and WOFEN are not disabled prior to a clock switch-over, it is possible to generate an interrupt for a failure of either oscillator. The Failure detection circuitry can be enabled anytime after a successful write of OSCSEL in the OSCCTL register. The internal precision oscillator is enabled by default. If the user code changes to a different oscillator, it may be appropriate to disable the IPO for power savings. Disabling the IPO does not occur automatically. Clock Failure Detection and Recovery System Clock Oscillator Failure The Z8F04xA family devices can generate non-maskable interrupt-like events when the primary oscillator fails. To maintain system function in this situation, the clock failure recovery circuitry automatically forces the Watchdog Timer oscillator to drive the system clock. The Watchdog Timer oscillator must be enabled to allow the recovery. Although this oscillator runs at a much slower speed than the original system clock, the CPU continues to operate, allowing execution of a clock failure vector and software routines that either remedy the oscillator failure or issue a failure alert. This automatic switch-over is not available if the Watchdog Timer is selected as the system clock oscillator. It is also unavailable if the Watchdog Timer oscillator is disabled, though it is not necessary to enable the Watchdog Timer reset function (see Watchdog Timer on page 91). The primary oscillator failure detection circuitry asserts if the system clock frequency drops below 1 kHz 50%. If an external signal is selected as the system oscillator, it is possible that a very slow but non-failing clock can generate a failure condition. Under these conditions, do not enable the clock failure circuitry (SOFEN must be deasserted in the OSCCTL register). Watchdog Timer Failure In the event of a Watchdog Timer oscillator failure, a similar non-maskable interrupt-like event is issued. This event does not trigger an attendant clock switch-over, but alerts the CPU of the failure. After a Watchdog Timer failure, it is no longer possible to detect a primary oscillator failure. The failure detection circuitry does not function if the Watchdog Timer is used as the system clock oscillator or if the Watchdog Timer oscillator has been disabled. For either of these cases, it is necessary to disable the detection circuitry by deasserting the WDFEN bit of the OSCCTL register. The Watchdog Timer oscillator failure detection circuit counts system clocks while looking for a Watchdog Timer clock. The logic counts 8004 system clock cycles before determining that a failure has occurred. The system clock rate determines the speed at which the Watchdog Timer failure can be detected. A very slow system clock results in very slow detection times. PS022825-0908 Oscillator Control Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 190 Caution: It is possible to disable the clock failure detection circuitry as well as all functioning clock sources. In this case, the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series device ceases functioning and can only be recovered by Power-On-Reset. Oscillator Control Register Definitions Oscillator Control Register The Oscillator Control Register (OSCCTL) enables/disables the various oscillator circuits, enables/disables the failure detection/recovery circuitry and selects the primary oscillator, which becomes the system clock. The Oscillator Control Register must be unlocked before writing. Writing the two step sequence E7H followed by 18H to the Oscillator Control Register unlocks it. The register is locked at successful completion of a register write to the OSCCTL. Table 109. Oscillator Control Register (OSCCTL) BITS 7 6 5 4 3 FIELD INTEN XTLEN WDTEN SOFEN WDFEN RESET 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W ADDR 2 1 0 SCKSEL F86H INTEN--Internal Precision Oscillator Enable 1 = Internal precision oscillator is enabled 0 = Internal precision oscillator is disabled XTLEN--Crystal Oscillator Enable; this setting overrides the GPIO register control for PA0 and PA1 1 = Crystal oscillator is enabled 0 = Crystal oscillator is disabled WDTEN--Watchdog Timer Oscillator Enable 1 = Watchdog Timer oscillator is enabled 0 = Watchdog Timer oscillator is disabled SOFEN--System Clock Oscillator Failure Detection Enable 1 = Failure detection and recovery of system clock oscillator is enabled 0 = Failure detection and recovery of system clock oscillator is disabled PS022825-0908 Oscillator Control Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 191 WDFEN--Watchdog Timer Oscillator Failure Detection Enable 1 = Failure detection of Watchdog Timer oscillator is enabled 0 = Failure detection of Watchdog Timer oscillator is disabled SCKSEL--System Clock Oscillator Select 000 = Internal precision oscillator functions as system clock at 5.53 MHz 001 = Internal precision oscillator functions as system clock at 32 kHz 010 = Crystal oscillator or external RC oscillator functions as system clock 011 = Watchdog Timer oscillator functions as system 100 = External clock signal on PB3 functions as system clock 101 = Reserved 110 = Reserved 111 = Reserved PS022825-0908 Oscillator Control Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 192 PS022825-0908 Oscillator Control Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 193 Crystal Oscillator The products in the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series contain an on-chip crystal oscillator for use with external crystals with 32 kHz to 20 MHz frequencies. In addition, the oscillator supports external RC networks with oscillation frequencies up to 4 MHz or ceramic resonators with frequencies up to 8 MHz. The on-chip crystal oscillator can be used to generate the primary system clock for the internal eZ8 CPU and the majority of the on-chip peripherals. Alternatively, the XIN input pin can also accept a CMOS-level clock input signal (32 kHz-20 MHz). If an external clock generator is used, the XOUT pin must be left unconnected. The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series products do not contain an internal clock divider. The frequency of the signal on the XIN input pin determines the frequency of the system clock. Note: Although the XIN pin can be used as an input for an external clock generator, the CLKIN pin is better suited for such use (see System Clock Selection on page 187). Operating Modes The Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series products support four oscillator modes: * * Minimum power for use with very low frequency crystals (32 kHz-1 MHz). * * Maximum power for use with high frequency crystals (8 MHz to 20 MHz). Medium power for use with medium frequency crystals or ceramic resonators (0.5 MHz to 8 MHz). On-chip oscillator configured for use with external RC networks (<4 MHz). The oscillator mode is selected using user-programmable Flash Option Bits. See Flash Option Bits on page 153 for information. Crystal Oscillator Operation The Flash Option bit XTLDIS controls whether the crystal oscillator is enabled during reset. The crystal may later be disabled after reset if a new oscillator has been selected as the system clock. If the crystal is manually enabled after reset through the OSCCTL register, the user code must wait at least 1000 crystal oscillator cycles for the crystal to stabilize. After this, the crystal oscillator may be selected as the system clock. Note: PS022825-0908 The stabilization time varies depending on the crystal or resonator used, as well as on the feedback network. See Table 111 for transconductance values to compute oscillator stabilization times. Crystal Oscillator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 194 Figure 27 displays a recommended configuration for connection with an external fundamental-mode, parallel-resonant crystal operating at 20 MHz. Recommended 20 MHz crystal specifications are provided in Table 110. Printed circuit board layout must add no more than 4 pF of stray capacitance to either the XIN or XOUT pins. If oscillation does not occur, reduce the values of capacitors C1 and C2 to decrease loading. On-Chip Oscillator XIN XOUT Crystal C1 = 15 pF C2 = 15 pF Figure 27. Recommended 20 MHz Crystal Oscillator Configuration Table 110. Recommended Crystal Oscillator Specifications Parameter Value Units Frequency 20 MHz Resonance Parallel Mode PS022825-0908 Comments Fundamental Series Resistance (RS) 60 Maximum Load Capacitance (CL) 30 pF Maximum Shunt Capacitance (C0) 7 pF Maximum Drive Level 1 mW Maximum Crystal Oscillator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 195 Table 111. Transconductance Values for Low, Medium, and High Gain Operating Modes Mode Low Gain* Crystal Frequency Range 32 kHz-1 MHz Transconductance (mA/V) Use this range for calculations Function Low Power/Frequency Applications 0.02 0.04 0.09 Medium Gain* 0.5 MHz-10 MHz Medium Power/Frequency Applications 0.84 1.7 3.1 High Gain* High Power/Frequency Applications 2.3 4.2 8 MHz-20 MHz 1.1 Note: *Printed circuit board layout must not add more than 4 pF of stray capacitance to either XIN or XOUT pins. if no Oscillation occurs, reduce the values of the capacitors C1 and C2 to decrease the loading. Oscillator Operation with an External RC Network Figure 28 displays a recommended configuration for connection with an external resistor-capacitor (RC) network. VDD R XIN C Figure 28. Connecting the On-Chip Oscillator to an External RC Network An external resistance value of 45 k is recommended for oscillator operation with an external RC network. The minimum resistance value to ensure operation is 40 k. The typical oscillator frequency can be estimated from the values of the resistor (R in k) and capacitor (C in pF) elements using the following equation: 6 Oscillator Frequency (kHz) PS022825-0908 1 x10 = ------------------------------------------------------( 0.4 x R x C ) + ( 4 x C ) Crystal Oscillator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 196 Figure 29 displays the typical (3.3 V and 25 C) oscillator frequency as a function of the capacitor (C in pF) employed in the RC network assuming a 45 K external resistor. For very small values of C, the parasitic capacitance of the oscillator XIN pin and the printed circuit board must be included in the estimation of the oscillator frequency. It is possible to operate the RC oscillator using only the parasitic capacitance of the package and printed circuit board. To minimize sensitivity to external parasitics, external capacitance values in excess of 20 pF are recommended. 4000 3750 3500 3250 3000 2750 Frequency (kHz) 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 C (pF) Figure 29. Typical RC Oscillator Frequency as a Function of the External Capacitance with a 45 k Resistor Caution: PS022825-0908 When using the external RC oscillator mode, the oscillator can stop oscillating if the power supply drops below 2.7 V, but before the power supply drops to the Voltage Brownout threshold. The oscillator resumes oscillation when the supply voltage exceeds 2.7 V. Crystal Oscillator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 197 Internal Precision Oscillator The internal precision oscillator (IPO) is designed for use without external components. You can either manually trim the oscillator for a non-standard frequency or use the automatic factory-trimmed version to achieve a 5.53 MHz frequency. IPO features include: * * On-chip RC oscillator that does not require external components * * Trimmed through Flash option bits with user override Output frequency of either 5.53 MHz or 32.8 kHz (contains both a fast and a slow mode) Elimination of crystals or ceramic resonators in applications where very high timing accuracy is not required Operation An 8-bit trimming register, incorporated into the design, compensates for absolute variation of oscillator frequency. Once trimmed the oscillator frequency is stable and does not require subsequent calibration. Trimming is performed during manufacturing and is not necessary for you to repeat unless a frequency other than 5.53 MHz (fast mode) or 32.8 kHz (slow mode) is required. This trimming is done at +30 C and a supply voltage of 3.3 V, so accuracy of this operating point is optimal. If not used, the IPO can be disabled by the Oscillator Control register (see Oscillator Control Register Definitions on page 190). By default, the oscillator frequency is set by the factory trim value stored in the write-protected Flash information page. However, the user code can override these trim values as described in Trim Bit Address Space on page 158. Select one of two frequencies for the oscillator: 5.53 MHz and 32.8 kHz, using the OSCSEL bits in the Oscillator Control on page 187. PS022825-0908 Internal Precision Oscillator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 198 PS022825-0908 Internal Precision Oscillator Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 199 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Assembly Language Programming Introduction The eZ8 CPU assembly language provides a means for writing an application program without concern for actual memory addresses or machine instruction formats. A program written in assembly language is called a source program. Assembly language allows the use of symbolic addresses to identify memory locations. It also allows mnemonic codes (opcodes and operands) to represent the instructions themselves. The opcodes identify the instruction while the operands represent memory locations, registers, or immediate data values. Each assembly language program consists of a series of symbolic commands called statements. Each statement can contain labels, operations, operands and comments. Labels can be assigned to a particular instruction step in a source program. The label identifies that step in the program as an entry point for use by other instructions. The assembly language also includes assembler directives that supplement the machine instruction. The assembler directives, or pseudo-ops, are not translated into a machine instruction. Rather, the pseudo-ops are interpreted as directives that control or assist the assembly process. The source program is processed (assembled) by the assembler to obtain a machine language program called the object code. The object code is executed by the eZ8 CPU. An example segment of an assembly language program is detailed in the following example. Assembly Language Source Program Example JP START ; Everything after the semicolon is a comment. START: ; A label called `START'. The first instruction (JP START) in this ; example causes program execution to jump to the point within the ; program where the START label occurs. LD R4, R7 ; A Load (LD) instruction with two operands. The first operand, ; Working Register R4, is the destination. The second operand, ; Working Register R7, is the source. The contents of R7 is ; written into R4. LD 234H, #%01 ; Another Load (LD) instruction with two operands. ; The first operand, Extended Mode Register Address 234H, ; identifies the destination. The second operand, Immediate Data ; value 01H, is the source. The value 01H is written into the ; Register at address 234H. PS022825-0908 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 200 Assembly Language Syntax For proper instruction execution, eZ8 CPU assembly language syntax requires that the operands be written as `destination, source'. After assembly, the object code usually has the operands in the order `source, destination', but ordering is opcode-dependent. The following instruction examples illustrate the format of some basic assembly instructions and the resulting object code produced by the assembler. This binary format must be followed if manual program coding is preferred or if you intend to implement your own assembler. Example 1: If the contents of Registers 43H and 08H are added and the result is stored in 43H, the assembly syntax and resulting object code is: Table 112. Assembly Language Syntax Example 1 Assembly Language Code ADD 43H, 08H (ADD dst, src) Object Code 04 08 43 (OPC src, dst) Example 2: In general, when an instruction format requires an 8-bit register address, that address can specify any register location in the range 0-255 or, using Escaped Mode Addressing, a Working Register R0-R15. If the contents of Register 43H and Working Register R8 are added and the result is stored in 43H, the assembly syntax and resulting object code is: Table 113. Assembly Language Syntax Example 2 Assembly Language Code ADD 43H, R8 (ADD dst, src) Object Code 04 E8 43 (OPC src, dst) See the device-specific Product Specification to determine the exact register file range available. The register file size varies, depending on the device type. eZ8 CPU Instruction Notation In the eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary and Description sections, the operands, condition codes, status flags, and address modes are represented by a notational shorthand that is described in Table 114. PS022825-0908 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 201 . Table 114. Notational Shorthand Notation Description Operand Range b Bit b b represents a value from 0 to 7 (000B to 111B). cc Condition Code -- Refer to Condition Codes section in the eZ8 CPU Core User Manual (UM0128). DA Direct Address Addrs Addrs. represents a number in the range of 0000H to FFFFH ER Extended Addressing Register Reg Reg. represents a number in the range of 000H to FFFH IM Immediate Data #Data Data is a number between 00H to FFH Ir Indirect Working Register @Rn n = 0-15 IR Indirect Register @Reg Reg. represents a number in the range of 00H to FFH Irr Indirect Working Register Pair @RRp p = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 IRR Indirect Register Pair @Reg Reg. represents an even number in the range 00H to FEH p Polarity p Polarity is a single bit binary value of either 0B or 1B. r Working Register Rn n = 0 - 15 R Register Reg Reg. represents a number in the range of 00H to FFH RA Relative Address X X represents an index in the range of +127 to - 128 which is an offset relative to the address of the next instruction rr Working Register Pair RRp p = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 RR Register Pair Reg Reg. represents an even number in the range of 00H to FEH Vector Vector Address Vector Vector represents a number in the range of 00H to FFH X Indexed #Index The register or register pair to be indexed is offset by the signed Index value (#Index) in a +127 to -128 range. Table 115 lists additional symbols that are used throughout the Instruction Summary and Instruction Set Description sections. PS022825-0908 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 202 Table 115. Additional Symbols Symbol Definition dst Destination Operand src Source Operand @ Indirect Address Prefix SP Stack Pointer PC Program Counter FLAGS Flags Register RP Register Pointer # Immediate Operand Prefix B Binary Number Suffix % Hexadecimal Number Prefix H Hexadecimal Number Suffix Assignment of a value is indicated by an arrow. For example, dst dst + src indicates the source data is added to the destination data and the result is stored in the destination location. eZ8 CPU Instruction Classes eZ8 CPU instructions can be divided functionally into the following groups: * * * * * * * * PS022825-0908 Arithmetic Bit Manipulation Block Transfer CPU Control Load Logical Program Control Rotate and Shift eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 203 Table 116 through Table 123 lists the instructions belonging to each group and the number of operands required for each instruction. Some instructions appear in more than one table as these instruction can be considered as a subset of more than one category. Within these tables, the source operand is identified as `src', the destination operand is `dst' and a condition code is `cc'. Table 116. Arithmetic Instructions PS022825-0908 Mnemonic Operands Instruction ADC dst, src Add with Carry ADCX dst, src Add with Carry using Extended Addressing ADD dst, src Add ADDX dst, src Add using Extended Addressing CP dst, src Compare CPC dst, src Compare with Carry CPCX dst, src Compare with Carry using Extended Addressing CPX dst, src Compare using Extended Addressing DA dst Decimal Adjust DEC dst Decrement DECW dst Decrement Word INC dst Increment INCW dst Increment Word MULT dst Multiply SBC dst, src Subtract with Carry SBCX dst, src Subtract with Carry using Extended Addressing SUB dst, src Subtract SUBX dst, src Subtract using Extended Addressing eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 204 Table 117. Bit Manipulation Instructions Mnemonic Operands Instruction BCLR bit, dst Bit Clear BIT p, bit, dst Bit Set or Clear BSET bit, dst Bit Set BSWAP dst Bit Swap CCF -- Complement Carry Flag RCF -- Reset Carry Flag SCF -- Set Carry Flag TCM dst, src Test Complement Under Mask TCMX dst, src Test Complement Under Mask using Extended Addressing TM dst, src Test Under Mask TMX dst, src Test Under Mask using Extended Addressing Table 118. Block Transfer Instructions Mnemonic Operands Instruction LDCI dst, src Load Constant to/from Program Memory and Auto-Increment Addresses LDEI dst, src Load External Data to/from Data Memory and AutoIncrement Addresses Table 119. CPU Control Instructions PS022825-0908 Mnemonic Operands Instruction ATM -- Atomic Execution CCF -- Complement Carry Flag DI -- Disable Interrupts EI -- Enable Interrupts HALT -- Halt Mode NOP -- No Operation RCF -- Reset Carry Flag eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 205 Table 119. CPU Control Instructions (Continued) Mnemonic Operands Instruction SCF -- Set Carry Flag SRP src Set Register Pointer STOP -- STOP Mode WDT -- Watchdog Timer Refresh Table 120. Load Instructions Mnemonic Operands Instruction CLR dst Clear LD dst, src Load LDC dst, src Load Constant to/from Program Memory LDCI dst, src Load Constant to/from Program Memory and AutoIncrement Addresses LDE dst, src Load External Data to/from Data Memory LDEI dst, src Load External Data to/from Data Memory and AutoIncrement Addresses LDWX dst, src Load Word using Extended Addressing LDX dst, src Load using Extended Addressing LEA dst, X(src) Load Effective Address POP dst Pop POPX dst Pop using Extended Addressing PUSH src Push PUSHX src Push using Extended Addressing Table 121. Logical Instructions PS022825-0908 Mnemonic Operands Instruction AND dst, src Logical AND ANDX dst, src Logical AND using Extended Addressing COM dst Complement OR dst, src Logical OR eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 206 Table 121. Logical Instructions (Continued) Mnemonic Operands Instruction ORX dst, src Logical OR using Extended Addressing XOR dst, src Logical Exclusive OR XORX dst, src Logical Exclusive OR using Extended Addressing Table 122. Program Control Instructions Mnemonic Operands Instruction BRK -- On-Chip Debugger Break BTJ p, bit, src, DA Bit Test and Jump BTJNZ bit, src, DA Bit Test and Jump if Non-Zero BTJZ bit, src, DA Bit Test and Jump if Zero CALL dst Call Procedure DJNZ dst, src, RA Decrement and Jump Non-Zero IRET -- Interrupt Return JP dst Jump JP cc dst Jump Conditional JR DA Jump Relative JR cc DA Jump Relative Conditional RET -- Return TRAP vector Software Trap Table 123. Rotate and Shift Instructions PS022825-0908 Mnemonic Operands Instruction BSWAP dst Bit Swap RL dst Rotate Left RLC dst Rotate Left through Carry RR dst Rotate Right RRC dst Rotate Right through Carry eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 207 Table 123. Rotate and Shift Instructions (Continued) Mnemonic Operands Instruction SRA dst Shift Right Arithmetic SRL dst Shift Right Logical SWAP dst Swap Nibbles eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary Table 124 summarizes the eZ8 CPU instructions. The table identifies the addressing modes employed by the instruction, the effect upon the Flags register, the number of CPU clock cycles required for the instruction fetch, and the number of CPU clock cycles required for the instruction execution. . Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary Assembly Mnemonic Symbolic Operation ADC dst, src dst dst + src + C ADCX dst, src ADD dst, src ADDX dst, src Flags Notation: PS022825-0908 dst dst + src + C dst dst + src dst dst + src Address Mode Opcode(s) (Hex) C dst src r r 12 r Ir R Z S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles * * * 0 * 2 3 13 2 4 R 14 3 3 R IR 15 3 4 R IM 16 3 3 IR IM 17 3 4 ER ER 18 4 3 ER IM 19 4 3 r r 02 2 3 r Ir 03 2 4 R R 04 3 3 R IR 05 3 4 R IM 06 3 3 IR IM 07 3 4 ER ER 08 4 3 ER IM 09 4 3 * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined * Flags * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 * * * 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 208 Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued) Assembly Mnemonic Symbolic Operation AND dst, src dst dst AND src ANDX dst, src dst dst AND src ATM Block all interrupt and DMA requests during execution of the next 3 instructions BCLR bit, dst dst[bit] 0 BIT p, bit, dst dst[bit] p BRK Debugger Break BSET bit, dst dst[bit] 1 BSWAP dst dst[7:0] dst[0:7] Address Mode dst src r r 52 r Ir R CCF C ~C CLR dst dst 00H Flags Notation: PS022825-0908 S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles * * 0 - - 53 2 4 R 54 3 3 R IR 55 3 4 R IM 56 3 3 IR IM 57 3 4 ER ER 58 4 3 ER IM 59 4 3 - * * 0 - - 2F - - - - - - 1 2 r E2 - - - - - - 2 2 r E2 - - - - - - 2 2 00 - - - - - - 1 1 r E2 - - - - - - 2 2 R D5 X * * 0 - - 2 2 r F6 - - - - - - 3 3 Ir F7 3 4 r F6 3 3 Ir F7 3 4 r F6 3 3 Ir F7 3 4 2 6 3 3 if src[bit] = 0 PC PC + X SP SP -2 @SP PC PC dst Z 3 BTJNZ bit, src, dst if src[bit] = 1 PC PC + X CALL dst - Flags 2 BTJ p, bit, src, dst if src[bit] = p PC PC + X BTJZ bit, src, dst Opcode(s) (Hex) C IRR D4 DA D6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EF * - - - - -- 1 2 R B0 - - - - - - 2 2 IR B1 2 3 * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 209 Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued) Assembly Mnemonic Symbolic Operation COM dst dst ~dst CP dst, src CPC dst, src CPCX dst, src CPX dst, src DA dst DEC dst DECW dst dst - src dst - src - C dst - src - C dst - src dst DA(dst) dst dst - 1 dst dst - 1 Address Mode dst src Opcode(s) (Hex) C R 60 IR 61 S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles * * 0 - - 3 2 4 R R A4 3 3 R IR A5 3 4 R IM A6 3 3 IR IM A7 3 4 r r 1F A2 3 3 r Ir 1F A3 3 4 R R 1F A4 4 3 R IR 1F A5 4 4 R IM 1F A6 4 3 IR IM 1F A7 4 4 ER ER 1F A8 5 3 ER IM 1F A9 5 3 ER ER A8 4 3 ER IM A9 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 5 2 6 40 IR 41 R 30 IR 31 RR 80 IRR 81 IRQCTL[7] 0 DJNZ dst, RA dst dst - 1 if dst 0 PC PC + X EI IRQCTL[7] 1 Flags Notation: * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined r * * * - - * * * * * * * * * * * * X * * - - - - - - - 2 A3 * - 3 Ir * * 2 r * * 2 A2 * * 2 r R * Z r DI PS022825-0908 - Flags - - - - - - 8F - - - - - - 1 2 0A-FA - - - - - - 2 3 9F - - - - - - 1 2 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 210 Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued) Assembly Mnemonic Symbolic Operation HALT Halt Mode INC dst dst dst + 1 INCW dst dst dst + 1 IRET FLAGS @SP SP SP + 1 PC @SP SP SP + 2 IRQCTL[7] 1 JP dst PC dst Address Mode dst src Opcode(s) (Hex) C Flags Z S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles 7F - - - - - - 1 2 R 20 - * * - - - 2 2 IR 21 2 3 r 0E-FE 1 2 RR A0 2 5 IRR A1 2 6 - * * * - - BF * * * * * * 1 5 DA 8D - - - - - - 3 2 IRR C4 2 3 JP cc, dst if cc is true PC dst DA 0D-FD - - - - - - 3 2 JR dst PC PC + X DA 8B - - - - - - 2 2 JR cc, dst if cc is true PC PC + X DA 0B-FB - - - - - - 2 2 LD dst, rc dst src - - - - - - 2 2 Flags Notation: PS022825-0908 r IM 0C-FC r X(r) C7 3 3 X(r) r D7 3 4 r Ir E3 2 3 R R E4 3 2 R IR E5 3 4 R IM E6 3 2 IR IM E7 3 3 Ir r F3 2 3 IR R F5 3 3 * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 211 Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued) Assembly Mnemonic Symbolic Operation LDC dst, src dst src LDCI dst, src LDE dst, src LDEI dst, src dst src rr+1 rr rr + 1 dst src dst src rr+1 rr rr + 1 Address Mode Opcode(s) (Hex) C dst src r Irr C2 Ir Irr Irr - Flags Z S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles - - - - - 2 5 C5 2 9 r D2 2 5 Ir Irr C3 2 9 Irr Ir D3 2 9 r Irr 82 2 5 Irr r 92 2 5 Ir Irr 83 2 9 Irr Ir 93 2 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LDWX dst, src dst src ER ER 1FE8 - - - - - - 5 4 LDX dst, src dst src r ER 84 - - - - - - 3 2 Ir ER 85 3 3 R IRR 86 3 4 IR IRR 87 3 5 r X(rr) 88 3 4 X(rr) r 89 3 4 ER r 94 3 2 ER Ir 95 3 3 IRR R 96 3 4 IRR IR 97 3 5 ER ER E8 4 2 ER IM E9 4 2 r X(r) 98 3 3 rr X(rr) 99 3 5 LEA dst, X(src) dst src + X MULT dst dst[15:0] dst[15:8] * dst[7:0] NOP No operation Flags Notation: * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined PS022825-0908 RR - - - - - - F4 - - - - - - 2 8 0F - - - - - - 1 2 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 212 Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued) Assembly Mnemonic Symbolic Operation OR dst, src dst dst OR src ORX dst, src POP dst dst dst OR src dst @SP SP SP + 1 Address Mode Opcode(s) (Hex) C dst src r r 42 r Ir R Z S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles * * 0 - - 2 3 43 2 4 R 44 3 3 R IR 45 3 4 R IM 46 3 3 IR IM 47 3 4 ER ER 48 4 3 ER IM 49 4 3 2 2 2 3 R 50 IR 51 - Flags - - * - * - 0 - - - - - POPX dst dst @SP SP SP + 1 ER D8 - - - - - - 3 2 PUSH src SP SP - 1 @SP src R 70 - - - - - - 2 2 IR 71 2 3 IM IF70 3 2 ER C8 - - - - - - 3 2 PUSHX src SP SP - 1 @SP src RCF C0 CF 0 - - - - - 1 2 RET PC @SP SP SP + 2 AF - - - - - - 1 4 R 90 * * * * - - 2 2 IR 91 2 3 R 10 2 2 IR 11 2 3 RL dst C D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 dst RLC dst C Flags Notation: PS022825-0908 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 dst * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined * * * * - - 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 213 Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued) Assembly Mnemonic Address Mode Symbolic Operation dst RR dst D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 dst C RRC dst D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 dst SBC dst, src SBCX dst, src SCF C dst dst - src - C dst dst - src - C 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 dst C D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 dst C SRP src RP src STOP STOP Mode SUB dst, src dst dst - src Flags Notation: PS022825-0908 R E0 IR E1 R C0 IR C1 * * * Flags Z S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles * * * - - * 2 2 3 2 3 33 2 4 R R 34 3 3 R IR 35 3 4 R IM 36 3 3 IR IM 37 3 4 ER ER 38 4 3 ER IM 39 4 3 1 * 2 Ir * 1 - 3 r * * - 2 32 * * * 2 r * * * 2 r C1 SRA dst SRL dst src Opcode(s) (Hex) C * DF 1 - - - - - 1 2 R D0 * * * 0 - - 2 2 IR D1 2 3 R 1F C0 3 2 IR 1F C1 3 3 IM * * 0 * - - 01 - - - - - - 2 2 6F - - - - - - 1 2 * * * * 1 * 2 3 r r 22 r Ir 23 2 4 R R 24 3 3 R IR 25 3 4 R IM 26 3 3 IR IM 27 3 4 * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 214 Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued) Assembly Mnemonic Symbolic Operation SUBX dst, src dst dst - src SWAP dst TCM dst, src TCMX dst, src TM dst, src TMX dst, src TRAP Vector WDT Flags Notation: PS022825-0908 dst[7:4] dst[3:0] (NOT dst) AND src (NOT dst) AND src dst AND src dst AND src SP SP - 2 @SP PC SP SP - 1 @SP FLAGS PC @Vector Address Mode Opcode(s) (Hex) C dst src ER ER 28 ER IM 29 R F0 IR F1 * X Z S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles * * * 1 * * 2 2 3 2 3 63 2 4 R R 64 3 3 R IR 65 3 4 R IM 66 3 3 IR IM 67 3 4 ER ER 68 4 3 ER IM 69 4 3 r r 72 2 3 r Ir 73 2 4 R R 74 3 3 R IR 75 3 4 R IM 76 3 3 IR IM 77 3 4 ER ER 78 4 3 ER IM 79 4 3 Vector F2 - - - - - - 2 6 5F - - - - - - 1 2 - - * * * * 0 0 - - - - 2 Ir 0 - - 3 r * 0 - 4 62 * * X 3 r - * * 4 r * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined - Flags - - - 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 215 Table 124. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued) Assembly Mnemonic Symbolic Operation XOR dst, src dst dst XOR src XORX dst, src Flags Notation: PS022825-0908 dst dst XOR src Address Mode Opcode(s) (Hex) C dst src r r B2 r Ir R Z S V D Fetch Instr. H Cycles Cycles * * 0 - - 2 3 B3 2 4 R B4 3 3 R IR B5 3 4 R IM B6 3 3 IR IM B7 3 4 ER ER B8 4 3 ER IM B9 4 3 * = Value is a function of the result of the operation. - = Unaffected X = Undefined - Flags - * * 0 - - 0 = Reset to 0 1 = Set to 1 eZ8 CPU Instruction Set Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 216 Opcode Maps A description of the opcode map data and the abbreviations are provided in Figure 30. Figure 31 and Figure 32 displays the eZ8 CPU instructions. Table 125 lists Opcode Map abbreviations. Opcode Lower Nibble Fetch Cycles Instruction Cycles 4 3.3 Opcode Upper Nibble A CP R2,R1 First Operand After Assembly Second Operand After Assembly Figure 30. Opcode Map Cell Description PS022825-0908 Opcode Maps Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 217 Table 125. Opcode Map Abbreviations Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description b Bit position IRR Indirect Register Pair cc Condition code p Polarity (0 or 1) X 8-bit signed index or displacement r 4-bit Working Register DA Destination address R 8-bit register ER Extended Addressing register r1, R1, Ir1, Irr1, IR1, rr1, RR1, IRR1, ER1 Destination address IM Immediate data value r2, R2, Ir2, Irr2, IR2, rr2, RR2, IRR2, ER2 Source address Ir Indirect Working Register RA Relative IR Indirect register rr Working Register Pair Irr Indirect Working Register Pair RR Register Pair PS022825-0908 Opcode Maps Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 218 0 1 2 3 4 5 Upper Nibble (Hex) 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 BRK SRP ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD IM r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 A B C D E F 3.4 4.3 4.3 A B C D E F 2.3 2.2 2.2 3.2 1.2 1.2 NOP ADDX ADDX DJNZ 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 RLC RLC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC 4.3 4.3 IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 ADCX ADCX R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 INC INC SUB SUB SUB SUB SUB SUB R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 4.3 4.3 SUBX SUBX 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 DEC DEC SBC SBC SBC SBC SBC SBC 4.3 IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 r1,X JR LD JP INC cc,X r1,IM cc,DA r1 See 2nd Opcode Map 1, 2 ATM 4.3 SBCX SBCX R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 4.3 4.3 DA DA OR OR OR OR OR OR ORX ORX R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 POP POP AND AND AND AND AND AND IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 4.3 4.3 ANDX ANDX 1.2 WDT R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 COM COM TCM TCM TCM TCM TCM TCM R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 4.3 4.3 1.2 TM TM TM TM TM TM TMX TMX HALT PUSH PUSH 4.3 4.3 TCMX TCMX 1.2 STOP R2 IR2 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 1.2 LDE LDEI LDX LDX LDX LDX LDX LDX DI r1,Irr2 Ir1,Irr2 r1,ER2 DECW DECW RR1 9 Lower Nibble (Hex) 7 8 9 0 IRR1 IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 Ir1,ER2 IRR2,R1 IRR2,IR1 r1,rr2,X rr1,r2,X 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.5 1.2 RL RL LDE LDEI LDX LDX LDX LDX LEA LEA EI R1 IR1 r2,Irr1 Ir2,Irr1 r2,ER1 2.5 2.6 INCW INCW Ir2,ER1 R2,IRR1 IR2,IRR1 r1,r2,X rr1,rr2,X 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 4.3 4.3 1.4 CP CP CP CP CP CP CPX CPX RET RR1 IRR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 3.4 CLR CLR XOR XOR XOR XOR XOR XOR R1,IM IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 4.3 4.3 XORX XORX 1.5 IRET R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.4 3.2 1.2 RRC RRC LDC LDCI JP LDC LD PUSHX RCF r1,r2,X ER2 R1 IR1 r1,Irr2 Ir1,Irr2 IRR1 Ir1,Irr2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.2 SRA SRA LDC LDCI 3.3 CALL BSWAP CALL 3.4 3.2 1.2 LD POPX SCF ER1 R1 IR1 r2,Irr1 Ir2,Irr1 IRR1 R1 DA r2,r1,X 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 4.2 4.2 1.2 RR RR BIT LD LD LD LD LD LDX LDX CCF R1 IR1 p,b,r1 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.4 LD MULT LD BTJ BTJ Ir1,r2 RR1 R2,IR1 SWAP SWAP TRAP R1 IR1 Vector IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 p,b,r1,X p,b,Ir1,X Figure 31. First Opcode Map PS022825-0908 Opcode Maps Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 219 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lower Nibble (Hex) 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 Upper Nibble (Hex) 6 3, 2 7 PUSH IM 8 9 A 3.3 3.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 CPC CPC CPC CPC CPC CPC 5.3 5.3 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM IR1,IM ER2,ER1 IM,ER1 CPCX CPCX B C 3.2 3.3 SRL SRL R1 IR1 D 5, 4 E LDWX ER2,ER1 F Figure 32. Second Opcode Map after 1FH PS022825-0908 Opcode Maps Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 220 PS022825-0908 Opcode Maps Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 221 Electrical Characteristics The data in this chapter is pre-qualification and pre-characterization and is subject to change. Additional electrical characteristics may be found in the individual chapters. Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses greater than those listed in Table 126 may cause permanent damage to the device. These ratings are stress ratings only. Operation of the device at any condition outside those indicated in the operational sections of these specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. For improved reliability, tie unused inputs to one of the supply voltages (VDD or VSS). Table 126. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Minimum Maximum Units Notes Ambient temperature under bias -40 +105 C Storage temperature -65 +150 C Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS -0.3 +5.5 V 1 -0.3 +3.9 V 2 -0.3 +3.6 V Maximum current on input and/or inactive output pin -5 +5 A Maximum output current from active output pin -25 +25 mA Total power dissipation 220 mW Maximum current into VDD or out of VSS 60 mA Total power dissipation 430 mW Maximum current into VDD or out of VSS 120 mA Voltage on VDD pin with respect to VSS 8-pin Packages Maximum Ratings at 0 C to 70 C 20-pin Packages Maximum Ratings at 0 C to 70 C PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 222 Table 126. Absolute Maximum Ratings (Continued) Parameter Minimum Maximum Units Notes 28-pin Packages Maximum Ratings at 0 C to 70 C Total power dissipation 450 mW Maximum current into VDD or out of VSS 125 mA Operating temperature is specified in DC Characteristics. 1. This voltage applies to all pins except the following: VDD, AVDD, pins supporting analog input (Port B[5:0], Port C[2:0]) and pins supporting the crystal oscillator (PA0 and PA1). On the 8-pin packages, this applies to all pins but VDD. 2. This voltage applies to pins on the 20-/28-pin packages supporting analog input (Port B[5:0], Port C[2:0]) and pins supporting the crystal oscillator (PA0 and PA1). DC Characteristics Table 127 lists the DC characteristics of the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series products. All voltages are referenced to VSS, the primary system ground. Table 127. DC Characteristics TA = -40 C to +105 C (unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions VDD Supply Voltage 2.7 - 3.6 V VIL1 Low Level Input Voltage -0.3 - 0.3*VDD V VIH1 High Level Input Voltage 0.7*VDD - 5.5 V For all input pins without analog or oscillator function. For all signal pins on the 8-pin devices. Programmable pull-ups must also be disabled. VIH2 High Level Input Voltage 0.7*VDD - VDD+0.3 V For those pins with analog or oscillator function (20-/28-pin devices only), or when programmable pull-ups are enabled. VOL1 Low Level Output Voltage - - 0.4 V IOL = 2 mA; VDD = 3.0 V High Output Drive disabled. VOH1 High Level Output Voltage 2.4 - - V IOH = -2 mA; VDD = 3.0 V High Output Drive disabled. PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 223 Table 127. DC Characteristics (Continued) TA = -40 C to +105 C (unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions VOL2 Low Level Output Voltage - - 0.6 V IOL = 20 mA; VDD = 3.3 V High Output Drive enabled. VOH2 High Level Output Voltage 2.4 - - V IOH = -20 mA; VDD = 3.3 V High Output Drive enabled. IIH Input Leakage Current - +0.002 +5 A VIN = VDD VDD = 3.3 V; IIL Input Leakage Current - +0.007 +5 A VIN = VSS VDD = 3.3 V; ITL Tristate Leakage Current - - +5 A ILED Controlled Current Drive 1.8 3 4.5 mA {AFS2,AFS1} = {0,0} 2.8 7 10.5 mA {AFS2,AFS1} = {0,1} 7.8 13 19.5 mA {AFS2,AFS1} = {1,0} 12 20 30 mA {AFS2,AFS1} = {1,1} - pF CPAD GPIO Port Pad Capacitance - 8.02 CXIN XIN Pad Capacitance - 8.02 - pF CXOUT XOUT Pad Capacitance - 9.52 - pF IPU Weak Pull-up Current 30 100 350 A VDD = 3.0 V-3.6 V VRAM RAM Data Retention Voltage V Voltage at which RAM retains static values; no reading or writing is allowed. TBD Notes 1. This condition excludes all pins that have on-chip pull-ups, when driven Low. 2. These values are provided for design guidance only and are not tested in production. PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 224 Table 128. Power Consumption VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V Maximum2 Maximum3 Symbol Parameter Typical1 IDD Stop Supply Current in STOP Mode 0.1 IDD Halt 35 Supply Current in HALT Mode (with all peripherals disabled) Supply Current in ACTIVE Mode (with all peripherals disabled) 55 Ext Temp Units Conditions 65 520 2.1 IDD Std Temp 2.85 2.85 2.8 A No peripherals enabled. All pins driven to VDD or VSS. A 32 kHz A 5.5 MHz mA 20 MHz mA 32 kHz 4.5 5.2 5.2 mA 5.5 MHz 5.5 6.5 6.5 mA 10 MHz 7.9 11.5 11.5 mA 20 MHz IDD WDT Watchdog Timer Supply Current 0.9 1.0 1.1 A IDD XTAL 40 A 32 kHz 230 A 4 MHz 760 A 20 MHz IDD IPO Crystal Oscillator Supply Current Internal Precision Oscillator Supply Current 350 500 550 A IDD VBO Voltage Brownout and Low-Voltage Detect Supply Current 50 IDD ADC Analog to Digital Converter Supply Current (with External Reference) 2.8 3.1 3.2 mA 32 kHz 3.1 3.6 3.7 mA 5.5 MHz 3.3 3.7 3.8 mA 10 MHz 3.7 4.2 4.3 mA 20 MHz IDD ADC Internal Reference ADCRef Supply Current IDD CMP Comparator supply Current PS022825-0908 A For 20-/28-pin devices (VBO only); See Notes 4 For 8-pin devices; See Notes 4 0 150 180 190 A See Notes 4 A See Notes 4 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 225 Table 128. Power Consumption (Continued) VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V Maximum2 Maximum3 Typical1 Std Temp IDD LPO Low-Power Operational Amplifier Supply Current 3 5 IDD TS Temperature Sensor Supply Current 60 IDD BG Band Gap Supply Current 320 Symbol Parameter 480 Ext Temp Units Conditions 5 500 A Driving a highimpedance load A See Notes 4 A For 20-/28-pin devices For 8-pin devices Notes 1. Typical conditions are defined as VDD = 3.3 V and +30 C. 2. Standard temperature is defined as TA = 0 C to +70 C; these values not tested in production for worst case behavior, but are derived from product characterization and provided for design guidance only. 3. Extended temperature is defined as TA = -40 C to +105 C; these values not tested in production for worst case behavior, but are derived from product characterization and provided for design guidance only. 4. For this block to operate, the bandgap circuit is automatically turned on and must be added to the total supply current. This bandgap current is only added once, regardless of how many peripherals are using it. PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 226 Figure 33 displays the typical current consumption while operating with all peripherals disabled, at 30 C, versus the system clock frequency. Typical Supply Current - Active Mode 10 IDD (mA) 8 6 VDD = 3.60V / 30C VDD = 3.30V / 30C VDD = 2.70V / 30C 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 Freq (MHz) Figure 33. Typical Active Mode IDD Versus System Clock Frequency PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 227 AC Characteristics The section provides information about the AC characteristics and timing. All AC timing information assumes a standard load of 50 pF on all outputs. Table 129. AC Characteristics VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = -40 C to +105 C (unless otherwise stated) Symbol Parameter FSYSCLK System Clock Frequency Minimum Maximum Units Conditions - 20.0 MHz Read-only from Flash memory 0.032768 20.0 MHz Program or erasure of the Flash memory System clock frequencies below the crystal oscillator minimum require an external clock driver FXTAL Crystal Oscillator Frequency - 20.0 MHz TXIN System Clock Period 50 - ns TCLK = 1/Fsysclk TXINH System Clock High Time 20 30 ns TCLK = 50 ns TXINL System Clock Low Time 20 30 ns TCLK = 50 ns TXINR System Clock Rise Time - 3 ns TCLK = 50 ns TXINF System Clock Fall Time - 3 ns TCLK = 50 ns PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 228 Table 130. Internal Precision Oscillator Electrical Characteristics VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = -40 C to +105 C (unless otherwise stated) Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions FIPO Internal Precision Oscillator Frequency (High Speed) 5.53 MHz VDD = 3.3 V TA = 30 C FIPO Internal Precision Oscillator Frequency (Low Speed) 32.7 kHz VDD = 3.3 V TA = 30 C FIPO Internal Precision Oscillator Error +1 TIPOST Internal Precision Oscillator Startup Time 3 PS022825-0908 +4 % s Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 229 On-Chip Peripheral AC and DC Electrical Characteristics Table 131. Power-On Reset and Voltage Brownout Electrical Characteristics and Timing TA = -40 C to +105 C Minimum Typical1 Maximum Units Conditions Symbol Parameter VPOR Power-On Reset Voltage Threshold 2.20 2.45 2.70 V VDD = VPOR VVBO Voltage Brownout Reset Voltage Threshold 2.15 2.40 2.65 V VDD = VVBO 50 75 mV VPOR to VVBO hysteresis Starting VDD voltage to ensure valid Power-On Reset. - VSS - V TANA Power-On Reset Analog Delay - 70 - s VDD > VPOR; TPOR Digital Reset delay follows TANA TPOR Power-On Reset Digital Delay 16 s 66 Internal Precision Oscillator cycles + IPO startup time (TIPOST) TPOR Power-On Reset Digital Delay 1 ms 5000 Internal Precision Oscillator cycles TSMR Stop Mode Recovery with crystal oscillator disabled 16 s 66 Internal Precision Oscillator cycles TSMR Stop Mode Recovery with crystal oscillator enabled 1 ms 5000 Internal Precision Oscillator cycles TVBO Voltage Brownout Pulse Rejection Period Period of time in which VDD < VVBO without generating a Reset. TRAMP Time for VDD to transition from VSS to VPOR to ensure valid Reset TSMP Stop Mode Recovery pin pulse rejection period - 10 - s 0.10 - 100 ms 20 ns For any SMR pin or for the Reset pin when it is asserted in STOP mode. 1Data in the typical column is from characterization at 3.3 V and 30 C. These values are provided for design guidance only and are not tested in production. PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 230 Table 132. Flash Memory Electrical Characteristics and Timing VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = -40 C to +105 C (unless otherwise stated) Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units Notes Flash Byte Read Time 100 - - ns Flash Byte Program Time 20 - 40 s Flash Page Erase Time 10 - - ms Flash Mass Erase Time 200 - - ms Writes to Single Address Before Next Erase - - 2 Flash Row Program Time - - 8 100 - - years 25 C 10,000 - - cycles Program/erase cycles Data Retention Endurance ms Cumulative program time for single row cannot exceed limit before next erase. This parameter is only an issue when bypassing the Flash Controller. Table 133. Watchdog Timer Electrical Characteristics and Timing VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = -40 C to +105 C (unless otherwise stated) Symbol Parameter FWDT WDT Oscillator Frequency FWDT WDT Oscillator Error TWDTCAL WDT Calibrated Timeout PS022825-0908 Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions 10 kHz +50 % 0.98 1 1.02 s VDD = 3.3 V; TA = 30 C 0.70 1 1.30 s VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = 0 C to 70 C 0.50 1 1.50 s VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = -40 C to +105 C Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 231 Table 134. Non-Volatile Data Storage VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = -40 C to +105 C Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units Notes NVDS Byte Read Time 34 - 519 s With system clock at 20 MHz 0.171 - 39.7 ms With system clock at 20 MHz 100 - - years 25 C 160,000 - - cycles Cumulative write cycles for entire memory NVDS Byte Program Time Data Retention Endurance Table 135. Analog-to-Digital Converter Electrical Characteristics and Timing VDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V TA = 0 C to +70 C (unless otherwise stated) Symbol Parameter Resolution Minimum Typical 10 Maximum Units Conditions - bits Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) -1.0 - 1.0 LSB3 External VREF = 2.0 V; RS 3.0 k Integral Nonlinearity (INL) -3.0 - 3.0 LSB3 External VREF = 2.0 V; RS 3.0 k Offset Error with Calibration +1 LSB3 Absolute Accuracy with Calibration +3 LSB3 VREF Internal Reference Voltage VREF Internal Reference Variation with Temperature VREF Internal Reference Voltage Variation with VDD RREFOUT Reference Buffer Output Impedance PS022825-0908 1.0 2.0 1.1 2.2 1.2 2.4 V REFSEL=01 REFSEL=10 +1.0 % Temperature variation with VDD = 3.0 +0.5 % Supply voltage variation with TA = 30 C 850 When the internal reference is buffered and driven out to the VREF pin (REFOUT = 1) Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 232 Table 135. Analog-to-Digital Converter Electrical Characteristics and Timing (Continued) VDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V TA = 0 C to +70 C (unless otherwise stated) Symbol Parameter Single-Shot Conversion Time Minimum Typical - 5129 Maximum - Units Conditions System All measurements but clock temperature sensor cycles 10258 Continuous Conversion Time - 256 Temperature sensor measurement - System All measurements but clock temperature sensor cycles 512 RS Zin Vin Signal Input Bandwidth - 10 Analog Source Impedance4 - - Input Impedance Input Voltage Range Temperature sensor measurement kHz As defined by -3 dB point 10 k In unbuffered mode 500 k In buffered modes - 150 k In unbuffered mode at 20 MHz5 10 - M In buffered modes 0 VDD V Unbuffered Mode 0.3 VDD-1.1 V Buffered Modes Note: These values define the range over which the ADC performs within spec; exceeding these values does not cause damage or instability; see DC Characteristics on page 222 for absolute pin voltage limits Notes 1. Analog source impedance affects the ADC offset voltage (because of pin leakage) and input settling time. 2. Devices are factory calibrated at VDD = 3.3 V and TA = +30 C, so the ADC is maximally accurate under these conditions. 3. LSBs are defined assuming 10-bit resolution. 4. This is the maximum recommended resistance seen by the ADC input pin. 5. The input impedance is inversely proportional to the system clock frequency. PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 233 Table 136. Low Power Operational Amplifier Electrical Characteristics VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = -40 C to +105 C Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions Av Open loop voltage gain 80 dB GBW Gain/Bandwidth product 500 kHz PM Phase Margin 50 deg VosLPO Input Offset Voltage +1 +4 mV VosLPO Input Offset Voltage (Temperature Drift) 1 10 V/C VIN Input Voltage Range 0.3 Vdd - 1 V VOUT Output Voltage Range 0.3 Vdd - 1 V Assuming 13 pF load capacitance IOUT = 45 A Table 137. Comparator Electrical Characteristics VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V TA = -40 C to +105 C Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions VOS Input DC Offset 5 mV VCREF Programmable Internal Reference Voltage +5 % 20-/28-pin devices +3 % 8-pin devices 200 ns 4 mV TPROP Propagation Delay VHYS Input Hysteresis VIN Input Voltage Range PS022825-0908 VSS VDD-1 V Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 234 Table 138. Temperature Sensor Electrical Characteristics VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V Symbol Parameter TAERR Temperature Error TAERR Temperature Error tWAKE Wakeup Time Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions +0.5 +2 C Over the range +20 C to +30 C (as measured by ADC)1 +1 +5 C Over the range +0 C to +70 C (as measured by ADC) +2 +7 C Over the range +0 C to +105 C (as measured by ADC) +7 C Over the range -40 C to +105 C (as measured by ADC) TBD C Over the range -40 C to +105 C (as measured by comparator) s Time required for Temperature Sensor to stabilize after enabling 80 100 1Devices are factory calibrated at for maximal accuracy between +20 C and +30 C, so the sensor is maximally accurate in that range. User re-calibration for a different temperature range is possible and increases accuracy near the new calibration point. General Purpose I/O Port Input Data Sample Timing Figure 34 displays timing of the GPIO Port input sampling. The input value on a GPIO Port pin is sampled on the rising edge of the system clock. The Port value is available to the eZ8 CPU on the second rising clock edge following the change of the Port value. PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 235 TCLK System Clock Port Value Changes to 0 Port Pin Input Value Port Input Data Register Latch 0 Latched Into Port Input Data Register Port Input Data Register Value 0 Read by eZ8 Port Input Data Read on Data Bus Figure 34. Port Input Sample Timing Table 139. GPIO Port Input Timing Delay (ns) Parameter Abbreviation PS022825-0908 Minimum Maximum TS_PORT Port Input Transition to XIN Rise Setup Time (Not pictured) 5 - TH_PORT XIN Rise to Port Input Transition Hold Time (Not pictured) 0 - TSMR GPIO Port Pin Pulse Width to ensure Stop Mode Recovery (for GPIO Port Pins enabled as SMR sources) 1 s Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 236 General Purpose I/O Port Output Timing Figure 35 and Table 140 provide timing information for GPIO Port pins. TCLK XIN T1 T2 Port Output Figure 35. GPIO Port Output Timing Table 140. GPIO Port Output Timing Delay (ns) Parameter Abbreviation Minimum Maximum GPIO Port pins PS022825-0908 T1 XIN Rise to Port Output Valid Delay - 15 T2 XIN Rise to Port Output Hold Time 2 - Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 237 On-Chip Debugger Timing Figure 36 and Table 141 provide timing information for the DBG pin. The DBG pin timing specifications assume a 4 ns maximum rise and fall time. TCLK XIN T1 T2 DBG (Output) Output Data T3 DBG (Input) T4 Input Data Figure 36. On-Chip Debugger Timing Table 141. On-Chip Debugger Timing Delay (ns) Parameter Abbreviation Minimum Maximum DBG PS022825-0908 T1 XIN Rise to DBG Valid Delay - 15 T2 XIN Rise to DBG Output Hold Time 2 - T3 DBG to XIN Rise Input Setup Time 5 - T4 DBG to XIN Rise Input Hold Time 5 - Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 238 UART Timing Figure 37 and Table 142 provide timing information for UART pins for the case where CTS is used for flow control. The CTS to DE assertion delay (T1) assumes the transmit data register has been loaded with data prior to CTS assertion. CTS (Input) T3 DE (Output) TXD (Output) T1 bit 7 parity stop start bit 0 bit 1 T2 end of stop bit(s) Figure 37. UART Timing With CTS Table 142. UART Timing With CTS Delay (ns) Parameter Abbreviation Minimum T1 CTS Fall to DE output delay 2 * XIN period T2 DE assertion to TXD falling edge (start bit) delay 5 T3 End of Stop Bit(s) to DE deassertion delay Maximum UART PS022825-0908 2 * XIN period + 1 bit time 5 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 239 Figure 38 and Table 143 provide timing information for UART pins for the case where CTS is not used for flow control. DE asserts after the transmit data register has been written. DE remains asserted for multiple characters as long as the transmit data register is written with the next character before the current character has completed. T2 DE (Output) TXD (Output) start bit0 bit 1 bit 7 parity stop T1 end of stop bit(s) Figure 38. UART Timing Without CTS Table 143. UART Timing Without CTS Delay (ns) Parameter Abbreviation Minimum Maximum 1 bit time UART PS022825-0908 T1 DE assertion to TXD falling edge (start bit) delay 1 * XIN period T2 End of Stop Bit(s) to DE deassertion delay (Tx data register is empty) 5 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 240 PS022825-0908 Electrical Characteristics Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 241 Packaging Figure 39 displays the 8-pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) available for Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices. 8 5 1 4 E1 E D B1 Q1 A2 A1 CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS : MM. L C S B e eA Figure 39. 8-Pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 242 Figure 40 displays the 8-pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit package (SOIC) available for the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series devices. Figure 40. 8-Pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit Package (SOIC) PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 243 Figure 41 displays the 8-pin Quad Flat No-Lead package (QFN)/MLF-S available for the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices. This package has a footprint identical to that of the 8-pin SOIC, but with a lower profile. Figure 41. 8-Pin Quad Flat No-Lead Package (QFN)/MLF-S PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 244 Figure 42 displays the 20-pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) available for the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices. Figure 42. 20-Pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 245 Figure 43 displays the 20-pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit Package (SOIC) available for the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices. Figure 43. 20-Pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit Package (SOIC) PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 246 Figure 44 displays the 20-pin Small Shrink Outline Package (SSOP) available for the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices. Figure 44. 20-Pin Small Shrink Outline Package (SSOP) PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 247 Figure 45 displays the 28-pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) available for the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices. Figure 45. 28-Pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 248 Figure 46 displays the 28-pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit package (SOIC) available in the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices. Figure 46. 28-Pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit Package (SOIC) PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 249 Figure 47 displays the 28-pin Small Shrink Outline Package (SSOP) available for the Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series devices. D 28 C 15 MILLIMETER SYMBOL H E 1 14 DETAIL A NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX A 1.73 1.86 1.99 0.068 0.073 0.078 A1 0.05 0.13 0.21 0.002 0.005 0.008 A2 1.68 1.73 1.78 0.066 0.068 0.070 B 0.25 0.38 0.010 C 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.006 0.008 D 10.07 10.20 10.33 0.397 0.402 0.407 E 5.20 5.30 5.38 0.205 0.209 0.212 0.65 TYP e 0.015 0.0256 TYP H 7.65 7.80 7.90 0.301 0.307 0.311 L 0.63 0.75 0.95 0.025 0.030 0.037 A1 Q1 INCH MIN A2 e A B SEATING PLANE CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS: MM LEADS ARE COPLANAR WITHIN .004 INCHES. L 0-8 DETAIL 'A' Figure 47. 28-Pin Small Shrink Outline Package (SSOP) PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 250 PS022825-0908 Packaging Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 251 Ordering Information Order the Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series from Zilog(R), using the following part numbers. For more information on ordering, please consult your local Zilog sales office. The Zilog website (www.zilog.com) lists all regional offices and provides additional Z8 Encore! XP product information. Description Temperature Sensor Comparator UART with IrDA 10-Bit A/D Channels 16-Bit Timers w/PWM Interrupts I/O Lines NVDS RAM Flash Part Number ` Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series with 8 KB Flash, 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Standard Temperature: 0 C to 70C Z8F082APB020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F082AQB020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 QFN 8-pin package Z8F082ASB020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F082ASH020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F082AHH020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F082APH020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F082ASJ020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F082AHJ020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F082APJ020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 PDIP 28-pin package Extended Temperature: -40 C to 105 C Z8F082APB020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F082AQB020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 QFN 8-pin package Z8F082ASB020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F082ASH020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F082AHH020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F082APH020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F082ASJ020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F082AHJ020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F082APJ020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 PDIP 28-pin package Replace C with G for Lead-Free Packaging PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 10-Bit A/D Channels UART with IrDA Comparator Temperature Sensor 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F081AQB020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 QFN 8-pin package Z8F081ASB020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F081ASH020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F081AHH020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F081APH020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F081ASJ020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F081AHJ020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F081APJ020SC 8 KB 1 KB 0 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 28-pin package Description 16-Bit Timers w/PWM 13 I/O Lines 6 NVDS 0 RAM 8 KB 1 KB Flash Z8F081APB020SC Part Number Interrupts 252 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series with 8 KB Flash Standard Temperature: 0 C to 70 C Extended Temperature: -40 C to 105 C Z8F081APB020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F081AQB020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 QFN 8-pin package Z8F081ASB020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F081ASH020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F081AHH020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F081APH020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F081ASJ020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F081AHJ020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F081APJ020EC 8 KB 1 KB 0 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 28-pin package Replace C with G for Lead-Free Packaging PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification Description Temperature Sensor Comparator UART with IrDA 10-Bit A/D Channels 16-Bit Timers w/PWM Interrupts I/O Lines NVDS RAM Flash Part Number 253 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series with 4 KB Flash, 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Standard Temperature: 0 C to 70 C Z8F042APB020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F042AQB020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 QFN 8-pin package Z8F042ASB020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F042ASH020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F042AHH020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F042APH020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F042ASJ020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F042AHJ020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F042APJ020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 PDIP 28-pin package Extended Temperature: -40 C to 105 C Z8F042APB020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F042AQB020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 QFN 8-pin package Z8F042ASB020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F042ASH020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F042AHH020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F042APH020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F042ASJ020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F042AHJ020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F042APJ020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 PDIP 28-pin package Replace C with G for Lead-Free Packaging PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 10-Bit A/D Channels UART with IrDA Comparator Temperature Sensor 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F041AQB020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 QFN 8-pin package Z8F041ASB020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F041ASH020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F041AHH020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F041APH020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F041ASJ020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F041AHJ020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F041APJ020SC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 28-pin package Description 16-Bit Timers w/PWM 13 I/O Lines 6 NVDS 128 B RAM 4 KB 1 KB Flash Z8F041APB020SC Part Number Interrupts 254 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series with 4 KB Flash Standard Temperature: 0 C to 70 C Extended Temperature: -40 C to 105 C Z8F041APB020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F041AQB020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 QFN 8-pin package Z8F041ASB020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F041ASH020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F041AHH020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F041APH020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F041ASJ020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F041AHJ020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F041APJ020EC 4 KB 1 KB 128 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 28-pin package Replace C with G for Lead-Free Packaging PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification Description Temperature Sensor Comparator UART with IrDA 10-Bit A/D Channels 16-Bit Timers w/PWM Interrupts I/O Lines NVDS RAM Flash Part Number 255 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series with 2 KB Flash, 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Standard Temperature: 0 C to 70 C Z8F022APB020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F022AQB020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 QFN 8-pin package Z8F022ASB020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F022ASH020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F022AHH020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F022APH020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F022ASJ020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F022AHJ020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F022APJ020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 PDIP 28-pin package Extended Temperature: -40 C to 105 C Z8F022APB020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F022AQB020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 QFN 8-pin package Z8F022ASB020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F022ASH020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F022AHH020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F022APH020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F022ASJ020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F022AHJ020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F022APJ020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 PDIP 28-pin package Replace C with G for Lead-Free Packaging PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 10-Bit A/D Channels UART with IrDA Comparator Temperature Sensor 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F021AQB020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 QFN 8-pin package Z8F021ASB020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F021ASH020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F021AHH020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F021APH020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F021ASJ020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F021AHJ020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F021APJ020SC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 28-pin package Description 16-Bit Timers w/PWM 13 I/O Lines 6 NVDS 64 B RAM 2 KB 512 B Flash Z8F021APB020SC Part Number Interrupts 256 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series with 2 KB Flash Standard Temperature: 0 C to 70 C Extended Temperature: -40 C to 105 C Z8F021APB020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F021AQB020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 QFN 8-pin package Z8F021ASB020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F021ASH020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F021AHH020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F021APH020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F021ASJ020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F021AHJ020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F021APJ020EC 2 KB 512 B 64 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 28-pin package Replace C with G for Lead-Free Packaging PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification Description Temperature Sensor Comparator UART with IrDA 10-Bit A/D Channels 16-Bit Timers w/PWM Interrupts I/O Lines NVDS RAM Flash Part Number 257 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series with 1 KB Flash, 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Standard Temperature: 0 C to 70 C Z8F012APB020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F012AQB020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 QFN 8-pin package Z8F012ASB020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F012ASH020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F012AHH020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F012APH020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F012ASJ020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F012AHJ020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F012APJ020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 PDIP 28-pin package Extended Temperature: -40 C to 105 C Z8F012APB020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F012AQB020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 QFN 8-pin package Z8F012ASB020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 14 2 4 1 1 1 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F012ASH020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F012AHH020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F012APH020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 20 2 7 1 1 1 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F012ASJ020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F012AHJ020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F012APJ020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 23 20 2 8 1 1 1 PDIP 28-pin package Replace C with G for Lead-Free Packaging PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 10-Bit A/D Channels UART with IrDA Comparator Temperature Sensor 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F011AQB020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 QFN 8-pin package Z8F011ASB020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F011ASH020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F011AHH020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F011APH020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F011ASJ020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F011AHJ020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F011APJ020SC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 28-pin package Description 16-Bit Timers w/PWM 13 I/O Lines 6 NVDS 16 B RAM 1 KB 256 B Flash Z8F011APB020SC Part Number Interrupts 258 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series with 1 KB Flash Standard Temperature: 0 C to 70 C Extended Temperature: -40 C to 105 C Z8F011APB020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 8-pin package Z8F011AQB020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 QFN 8-pin package Z8F011ASB020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 6 13 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 8-pin package Z8F011ASH020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 20-pin package Z8F011AHH020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 20-pin package Z8F011APH020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 17 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 20-pin package Z8F011ASJ020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SOIC 28-pin package Z8F011AHJ020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 SSOP 28-pin package Z8F011APJ020EC 1 KB 256 B 16 B 25 19 2 0 1 1 0 PDIP 28-pin package Replace C with G for Lead-Free Packaging PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification Description Temperature Sensor Comparator UART with IrDA 10-Bit A/D Channels 16-Bit Timers w/PWM Interrupts I/O Lines NVDS RAM Flash Part Number 259 Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Development Kit Z8F08A28100KITG Z8 Encore! XP F082A Series 28-Pin Development Kit Z8F04A28100KITG Z8 Encore! XP F042A Series 28-Pin Development Kit Z8F04A08100KITG Z8 Encore! XP F042A Series 8-Pin Development Kit ZUSBSC00100ZACG USB Smart Cable Accessory Kit ZUSBOPTSC01ZACG USB Opto-Isolated Smart Cable Accessory Kit ZENETSC0100ZACG Ethernet Smart Cable Accessory Kit PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 260 Part Number Suffix Designations Z8 F 04 2A S H 020 S C Environmental Flow C = Standard Plastic Packaging Compound G = Green Plastic Packaging Compound Temperature Range S = Standard, 0 C to 70 C E = Extended, -40 C to +105 C Speed 020 = 20 MHz Pin Count B=8 H = 20 J = 28 Package H = SSOP P = PDIP Q = QFN S = SOIC Device Type 2A = Contains Advanced Analog Peripherals 1A = Does Not Contain Advanced Analog Peripherals Memory Size 08 = 8 KB Flash, 1 KB RAM, 0 B NVDS 04 = 4 KB Flash, 1 KB RAM, 128 B NVDS 02 = 2 KB Flash, 512 B RAM, 64 B NVDS 01 = 1 KB Flash, 256 B RAM, 16 B NVDS Memory Type F = Flash Device Family Z8 = Zilog's 8-Bit Microcontroller PS022825-0908 Ordering Information Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 261 Index Symbols # 202 % 202 @ 202 Numerics 10-bit ADC 7 40-lead plastic dual-inline package 248, 249 A absolute maximum ratings 221 AC characteristics 227 ADC 203 architecture 121 automatic power-down 122 block diagram 122 continuous conversion 124 control register 130, 132 control register definitions 130 data high byte register 132 data low bits register 133 electrical characteristics and timing 231 operation 122 single-shot conversion 123 ADCCTL register 130, 132 ADCDH register 132 ADCDL register 133 ADCX 203 ADD 203 add - extended addressing 203 add with carry 203 add with carry - extended addressing 203 additional symbols 202 address space 15 ADDX 203 analog signals 12 analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 121 AND 205 PS022825-0908 ANDX 205 arithmetic instructions 203 assembly language programming 199 assembly language syntax 200 B B 202 b 201 baud rate generator, UART 107 BCLR 204 binary number suffix 202 BIT 204 bit 201 clear 204 manipulation instructions 204 set 204 set or clear 204 swap 204 test and jump 206 test and jump if non-zero 206 test and jump if zero 206 bit jump and test if non-zero 206 bit swap 206 block diagram 4 block transfer instructions 204 BRK 206 BSET 204 BSWAP 204, 206 BTJ 206 BTJNZ 206 BTJZ 206 C CALL procedure 206 CAPTURE mode 85, 86 CAPTURE/COMPARE mode 85 cc 201 CCF 204 characteristics, electrical 221 clear 205 CLR 205 COM 205 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 262 compare 85 compare - extended addressing 203 COMPARE mode 85 compare with carry 203 compare with carry - extended addressing 203 complement 205 complement carry flag 204 condition code 201 continuous conversion (ADC) 124 CONTINUOUS mode 84 control register definition, UART 108 Control Registers 15, 19 COUNTER modes 84 CP 203 CPC 203 CPCX 203 CPU and peripheral overview 5 CPU control instructions 204 CPX 203 Customer Feedback Form 271 D DA 201, 203 data memory 17 DC characteristics 222 debugger, on-chip 173 DEC 203 decimal adjust 203 decrement 203 decrement and jump non-zero 206 decrement word 203 DECW 203 destination operand 202 device, port availability 37 DI 204 direct address 201 disable interrupts 204 DJNZ 206 dst 202 E EI 204 PS022825-0908 electrical characteristics 221 ADC 231 flash memory and timing 230 GPIO input data sample timing 234 Watchdog Timer 230, 233 enable interrupt 204 ER 201 extended addressing register 201 external pin reset 27 eZ8 CPU features 5 eZ8 CPU instruction classes 202 eZ8 CPU instruction notation 200 eZ8 CPU instruction set 199 eZ8 CPU instruction summary 207 F FCTL register 149, 155, 156 features, Z8 Encore! 1 first opcode map 218 FLAGS 202 flags register 202 flash controller 7 option bit address space 156 option bit configuration - reset 153 program memory address 0000H 156 program memory address 0001H 158 flash memory 141 arrangement 142 byte programming 147 code protection 145 configurations 141 control register definitions 149, 155 controller bypass 148 electrical characteristics and timing 230 flash control register 149, 155, 156 flash option bits 146 flash status register 150 flow chart 144 frequency high and low byte registers 152 mass erase 147 operation 143 operation timing 145 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 263 page erase 147 page select register 150, 151 FPS register 150, 151 FSTAT register 150 G GATED mode 85 general-purpose I/O 37 GPIO 7, 37 alternate functions 38 architecture 38 control register definitions 45 input data sample timing 234 interrupts 45 port A-C pull-up enable sub-registers 50, 51 port A-H address registers 46 port A-H alternate function sub-registers 47 port A-H control registers 46 port A-H data direction sub-registers 47 port A-H high drive enable sub-registers 49 port A-H input data registers 51 port A-H output control sub-registers 48 port A-H output data registers 52 port A-H stop mode recovery sub-registers 49 port availability by device 37 port input timing 235 port output timing 236 H H 202 HALT 204 halt mode 34, 204 hexadecimal number prefix/suffix 202 I I2C 7 IM 201 immediate data 201 immediate operand prefix 202 PS022825-0908 INC 203 increment 203 increment word 203 INCW 203 indexed 201 indirect address prefix 202 indirect register 201 indirect register pair 201 indirect working register 201 indirect working register pair 201 infrared encoder/decoder (IrDA) 117 Instruction Set 199 instruction set, eZ8 CPU 199 instructions ADC 203 ADCX 203 ADD 203 ADDX 203 AND 205 ANDX 205 arithmetic 203 BCLR 204 BIT 204 bit manipulation 204 block transfer 204 BRK 206 BSET 204 BSWAP 204, 206 BTJ 206 BTJNZ 206 BTJZ 206 CALL 206 CCF 204 CLR 205 COM 205 CP 203 CPC 203 CPCX 203 CPU control 204 CPX 203 DA 203 DEC 203 DECW 203 DI 204 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 264 DJNZ 206 EI 204 HALT 204 INC 203 INCW 203 IRET 206 JP 206 LD 205 LDC 205 LDCI 204, 205 LDE 205 LDEI 204 LDX 205 LEA 205 logical 205 MULT 203 NOP 204 OR 205 ORX 206 POP 205 POPX 205 program control 206 PUSH 205 PUSHX 205 RCF 204 RET 206 RL 206 RLC 206 rotate and shift 206 RR 206 RRC 206 SBC 203 SCF 204, 205 SRA 207 SRL 207 SRP 205 STOP 205 SUB 203 SUBX 203 SWAP 207 TCM 204 TCMX 204 TM 204 TMX 204 PS022825-0908 TRAP 206 Watchdog Timer refresh 205 XOR 206 XORX 206 instructions, eZ8 classes of 202 interrupt control register 67 interrupt controller 55 architecture 55 interrupt assertion types 58 interrupt vectors and priority 58 operation 57 register definitions 60 software interrupt assertion 59 interrupt edge select register 66 interrupt request 0 register 60 interrupt request 1 register 61 interrupt request 2 register 62 interrupt return 206 interrupt vector listing 55 interrupts UART 105 IR 201 Ir 201 IrDA architecture 117 block diagram 117 control register definitions 120 operation 117 receiving data 119 transmitting data 118 IRET 206 IRQ0 enable high and low bit registers 62 IRQ1 enable high and low bit registers 63 IRQ2 enable high and low bit registers 65 IRR 201 Irr 201 J JP 206 jump, conditional, relative, and relative conditional 206 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 265 L LD 205 LDC 205 LDCI 204, 205 LDE 205 LDEI 204, 205 LDX 205 LEA 205 load 205 load constant 204 load constant to/from program memory 205 load constant with auto-increment addresses 205 load effective address 205 load external data 205 load external data to/from data memory and auto-increment addresses 204 load external to/from data memory and auto-increment addresses 205 load using extended addressing 205 logical AND 205 logical AND/extended addressing 205 logical exclusive OR 206 logical exclusive OR/extended addressing 206 logical instructions 205 logical OR 205 logical OR/extended addressing 206 low power modes 33 M master interrupt enable 57 memory data 17 program 15 mode CAPTURE 85, 86 CAPTURE/COMPARE 85 CONTINUOUS 84 COUNTER 84 GATED 85 ONE-SHOT 84 PWM 85 modes 85 PS022825-0908 MULT 203 multiply 203 multiprocessor mode, UART 103 N NOP (no operation) 204 notation b 201 cc 201 DA 201 ER 201 IM 201 IR 201 Ir 201 IRR 201 Irr 201 p 201 R 201 r 201 RA 201 RR 201 rr 201 vector 201 X 201 notational shorthand 201 O OCD architecture 173 auto-baud detector/generator 176 baud rate limits 177 block diagram 173 breakpoints 178 commands 179 control register 184 data format 176 DBG pin to RS-232 Interface 174 debug mode 175 debugger break 206 interface 174 serial errors 177 status register 185 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 266 timing 237 OCD commands execute instruction (12H) 183 read data memory (0DH) 183 read OCD control register (05H) 181 read OCD revision (00H) 180 read OCD status register (02H) 180 read program counter (07H) 181 read program memory (0BH) 182 read program memory CRC (0EH) 183 read register (09H) 182 read runtime counter (03H) 180 step instruction (10H) 183 stuff instruction (11H) 183 write data memory (0CH) 182 write OCD control register (04H) 181 write program counter (06H) 181 write program memory (0AH) 182 write register (08H) 181 on-chip debugger (OCD) 173 on-chip debugger signals 12 on-chip oscillator 193 ONE-SHOT mode 84 opcode map abbreviations 217 cell description 216 first 218 second after 1FH 219 Operational Description 23, 33, 37, 55, 69, 91, 97, 117, 121, 134, 135, 139, 141, 153, 169, 173, 187, 193, 197 OR 205 ordering information 251 ORX 206 oscillator signals 12 P p 201 packaging 20-pin PDIP 244, 245 20-pin SSOP 246, 249 28-pin PDIP 247 28-pin SOIC 248 PS022825-0908 8-pin PDIP 241 8-pin SOIC 242 PDIP 248, 249 part selection guide 2 PC 202 PDIP 248, 249 peripheral AC and DC electrical characteristics 229 pin characteristics 13 Pin Descriptions 9 polarity 201 POP 205 pop using extended addressing 205 POPX 205 port availability, device 37 port input timing (GPIO) 235 port output timing, GPIO 236 power supply signals 13 power-down, automatic (ADC) 122 Power-on and Voltage Brownout electrical characteristics and timing 229 Power-On Reset (POR) 25 program control instructions 206 program counter 202 program memory 15 PUSH 205 push using extended addressing 205 PUSHX 205 PWM mode 85 PxADDR register 46 PxCTL register 47 R R 201 r 201 RA register address 201 RCF 204 receive IrDA data 119 receiving UART data-interrupt-driven method 102 receiving UART data-polled method 101 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 267 register 201 ADC control (ADCCTL) 130, 132 ADC data high byte (ADCDH) 132 ADC data low bits (ADCDL) 133 flash control (FCTL) 149, 155, 156 flash high and low byte (FFREQH and FREEQL) 152 flash page select (FPS) 150, 151 flash status (FSTAT) 150 GPIO port A-H address (PxADDR) 46 GPIO port A-H alternate function sub-registers 48 GPIO port A-H control address (PxCTL) 47 GPIO port A-H data direction sub-registers 47 OCD control 184 OCD status 185 UARTx baud rate high byte (UxBRH) 114 UARTx baud rate low byte (UxBRL) 114 UARTx Control 0 (UxCTL0) 108, 114 UARTx control 1 (UxCTL1) 109 UARTx receive data (UxRXD) 113 UARTx status 0 (UxSTAT0) 111 UARTx status 1 (UxSTAT1) 112 UARTx transmit data (UxTXD) 113 Watchdog Timer control (WDTCTL) 31, 94, 136, 190 Watchdog Timer reload high byte (WDTH) 95 Watchdog Timer reload low byte (WDTL) 95 Watchdog Timer reload upper byte (WDTU) 95 register file 15 register pair 201 register pointer 202 reset and stop mode characteristics 24 and Stop Mode Recovery 23 carry flag 204 sources 25 RET 206 return 206 RL 206 PS022825-0908 RLC 206 rotate and shift instuctions 206 rotate left 206 rotate left through carry 206 rotate right 206 rotate right through carry 206 RP 202 RR 201, 206 rr 201 RRC 206 S SBC 203 SCF 204, 205 second opcode map after 1FH 219 set carry flag 204, 205 set register pointer 205 shift right arithmatic 207 shift right logical 207 signal descriptions 11 single-shot conversion (ADC) 123 software trap 206 source operand 202 SP 202 SRA 207 src 202 SRL 207 SRP 205 stack pointer 202 STOP 205 STOP mode 33 stop mode 205 Stop Mode Recovery sources 28 using a GPIO port pin transition 29 using Watchdog Timer time-out 29 stop mode recovery sources 30 using a GPIO port pin transition 30 SUB 203 subtract 203 subtract - extended addressing 203 subtract with carry 203 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 268 subtract with carry - extended addressing 203 SUBX 203 SWAP 207 swap nibbles 207 symbols, additional 202 T TCM 204 TCMX 204 Technical Support 271 test complement under mask 204 test complement under mask - extended addressing 204 test under mask 204 test under mask - extended addressing 204 timer signals 11 timers 69 architecture 69 block diagram 70 CAPTURE mode 77, 78, 85, 86 CAPTURE/COMPARE mode 81, 85 COMPARE mode 79, 85 CONTINUOUS mode 71, 84 COUNTER mode 72, 73 COUNTER modes 84 GATED mode 80, 85 ONE-SHOT mode 70, 84 operating mode 70 PWM mode 74, 76, 85 reading the timer count values 82 reload high and low byte registers 87 timer control register definitions 83 timer output signal operation 82 timers 0-3 control registers 83, 84 high and low byte registers 87, 88 TM 204 TMX 204 transmit IrDA data 118 transmitting UART data-polled method 99 transmitting UART dat-interrupt-driven method 100 PS022825-0908 TRAP 206 U UART 7 architecture 97 baud rate generator 107 baud rates table 115 control register definitions 108 controller signals 11 data format 98 interrupts 105 multiprocessor mode 103 receiving data using interrupt-driven method 102 receiving data using the polled method 101 transmitting data usin the interrupt-driven method 100 transmitting data using the polled method 99 x baud rate high and low registers 114 x control 0 and control 1 registers 108 x status 0 and status 1 registers 111, 112 UxBRH register 114 UxBRL register 114 UxCTL0 register 108, 114 UxCTL1 register 109 UxRXD register 113 UxSTAT0 register 111 UxSTAT1 register 112 UxTXD register 113 V vector 201 Voltage Brownout reset (VBR) 26 W Watchdog Timer approximate time-out delay 91 approximate time-out delays 135 CNTL 26 control register 94, 136, 190 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 269 electrical characteristics and timing 230, 233 interrupt in normal operation 92 interrupt in STOP mode 92 operation 135 refresh 92, 205 reload unlock sequence 93 reload upper, high and low registers 94 reset 27 reset in normal operation 93 reset in STOP mode 93 time-out response 92 WDTCTL register 31, 94, 136, 190 WDTH register 95 WDTL register 95 working register 201 working register pair 201 WTDU register 95 X X 201 XOR 206 XORX 206 Z Z8 Encore! block diagram 4 features 1 part selection guide 2 PS022825-0908 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 270 PS022825-0908 Index Z8 Encore! XP(R) F082A Series Product Specification 271 Customer Support For answers to technical questions about the product, documentation, or any other issues with Zilog's offerings, please visit Zilog's Knowledge Base at http://www.zilog.com/kb. For any comments, detail technical questions, or reporting problems, please visit Zilog's Technical Support at http://support.zilog.com. PS022825-0908 Customer Support