H-38-15 - Bourns - Datasheet.Live

SOLUTIONS GUIDE

Sensors and Controls

Bourns Sensors and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Potentiometers

Selecting a Potentiometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Modiﬁcation Capabilities and Value-Added Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Array of Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Encoders

Selecting an Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Modiﬁcation Capabilities and Value-Added Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Array of Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Custom Solutions

Automotive Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Other Custom Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Inte gr a ted Front Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Cur s o r C o n t r o l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Application Notes

Potentiometers

Performance Characteristic s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Typical Applications & Circuit Conﬁgurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Encoders

Performance Characteristic s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

General Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Applicat ion Information for EN Ser ies Optical Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Product Selection Guides

Potentiometers

Precision Multiturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Precision Single-Tur n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Panel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Commercial Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Encoders

Industr ial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Dials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Data Sheets

(All data sheets can be accessed through the links in the Product Selection

Guides section beg inning on page 41.)

Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Index

Dials

Integrated

Front Panels

Commercial

Encoders

Industrial

Encoders

Commercial

Controls

Panel

Controls

Precision

Single-Turn

Potentiometers

Precision

Multiturn

Potentiometers

The Bourns Mission

Our goal is to satisfy customers on a global basis

while achieving sound growth w ith technological

products of innovative design, superior qualit y and

exceptional value. We commit ourselves to

excellence,to the continuous improvement of our

people, technologies, systems, products and services,

to industry leadership and to the hig hest level of

integrity.

Bourns Cor porate

Bourns, Inc. has been providing reliable and

innovative solutions to the electronics industr y for

over 50 years.With manufacturing facilities and

customer support teams located throughout the

world, Bourns is uniquely positioned to ser ve the

industrial, automotive, telecommunications,

audio/visual, aerospace and other electronic

industries. Most importantly, Bourns is ﬁrmly

committed to quality,ser v ice and innovation.

Sensors and Controls Headquarters

The Sensors and Controls Div ision is headquartered

in Riverside, California. Since introducing its

precision control line in 1970, Sensors and Controls

now manufactures an extensive range of products.

The product lines include Precision Controls,Panel

Controls, Commercial Controls,Encoders,Turns

Counting Dials, and a wide arr ay of Custom

Solutions for use in the industrial, medical,

professional audio, consumer electronics and

automotive industries.

World-Class Manufactur ing

The majority of Sensors and Controls products are

manufactured at the Bourns facility,Bour ns de

Mexico-CLM (BCLM), located in Tijuana,Mexico.

The 58,000 square foot facility employs over 500

people and has been recog nized with var ious quality

awards from Ford and Motorola among others. The

facility is ISO/QS certiﬁed since 1997 and has certiﬁed

several employees through the six-sigma “Black Belt”

program.With the implementation of the Bour ns

Production System, many of the employees are now

involved in Kaizen events to fur ther improve

production efﬁciencies and reduce cost.

Our core competencies in plastic injection molding

and thick ﬁlm printing combined with world class

manufacturing facilities have contributed to the

success of Sensors and Controls over the years.

Market research feeds the continuous development of

new models to meet the changing application needs

and state-of-the-art perfor mance requirements of the

electronics industr y.Continuing advances in

materials-research and processing techniques have

enabled Bourns to prov ide innovative product

solutions to a grow ing customer base on a continuous

basis.

Introduction

Bourns Corporate headquarters in Riverside, California

BCLM production facility

BCLM production line

Introduction

Quick Response Center

The “heart”of the Bourns Sensors and Controls

operation located in Tijuana, Mexico, is the Quick

Response Center (QRC).The QRC employs a

technical base of engineers, technicians, and

production personnel to process all customer

inquiries and sample requests. Producing samples

with modiﬁed features for application speciﬁc

requirements in a relatively short time is the main

focus of the QRC. By utilizing the sustaining

engineering and fabr ication depar tments, the QRC

can modify parts produced to customer

speciﬁcations and coordinate sample fabrication in

production areas to insure the utmost quality and

reliabilit y.This process reduces cycle time and

decreases response time to the customer.The QRC’s

mission is quick response to the design needs of our

customers.

Design Center

Using state-of-the-art design software and apply ing

practical solutions to complex applications,Sensors

and Controls Design Engineers develop and design

products for the changing needs of the elect ronics

industr y.Working side by side with the Quick

Response Center (QRC),the engineering team

reviews feasibility of customer requirements,

documents all new and modiﬁed designs on existing

products,and coordinates prototype fabr ication w ith

the manufacturing facility. Our engineers work

closely with customers to design cost effective and

reliable solutions. Whatever your product needs may

be, Sensors and Controls engineers can support your

requirements.

Riverside Engineering Design Center

BCLM Quick Response Center Team

Reliabilit y Test Facility

Once our engineering team has developed a product

design, the Reliability Test Facilit y takes a major role

to insure performance standards. The lab is equipped

with specialized test equipment designed to run for

thousands of hours, prov iding environmental,

electrical and mechanical testing of potentiometers

and encoders. Humidity, salt spray, rotational

cycling, and exposure to high and low temperature

extremes are just a few of the specialized tests

performed on our products. In addition to testing

ﬁnished products, our lab is set up to test individual

piece parts, such as printed elements and winding s,

for endurance. The Reliability Assurance Test

Program (RATP), which has a six-sigma quality goal,

is evidence of our commitment to quality.

Commitment to Quality

Quality is the foundation of our products, starting

with the acceptance of the customer drawing.

Quality is continually being measured each and

every time a Bourns® product is being put to use in

every customer application. The Sensors and

Controls Division has adopted the Six-Sigma Quality

Program as the foundation of our business practice.

Quality goes far beyond perfect par ts, beyond quality

control, to understanding zero-defects and how

dependability affects our customer’s customer.We

are QS9000 certiﬁed and committed to consistent

product reliability, assuring the hig hest yield of

dependable, high per formance products.

Bourns’successful commitment to qualit y is evident

from the awards that the company has been received

over the years.Some of the most recent awards

include:

• 2002 – Invensy s Bronze Supplier Award

• 2002 – Tektronix Preferred Supplier Award

• 2000 – Lucent APL Gold Award

• 2000 – TTI Supplier Excellence Award

Introduction

Riverside Reliability Test Facility

Technical Support

Trained sales representatives, account managers and

distributor sales engineers are located conveniently

around the world. Our Field Application Engineers

(FAEs) are also strategically located to assist with

technical suppor t and to prov ide an interface

between customer inquiries and our production

facility. Our technical suppor t team can prov ide you

with solutions appropriately selected and precisely

manufactured to satisfy your requirements for

performance,cost and availability.

Customer Ser v ice

Bourns’distr ibutor network is the most extensive in

the industr y. Our three Bourns Customer Service

Centers located in the US,Europe and Asia, as well

as our extensive distributor network, are dedicated to

serve you on any aspect and demand. With 100 %

on-time deliver y and world-class serv ice as core

business objectives,we ensure direct support for

customers in all countries and market segments.At

Sensors and Controls Div ision, we strive to build

good business relationships with our customers.

In every asp ect from innovative designs to on-time

deliver y, Bourns Sensors and Controls is the ﬁrst

choice in the industr y for reliable and cost-effective

potentiometers,encoders and custom solutions.

Introduction

Selecting a Potentiometer

The Sensors and Controls Div ision has a

potentiometer to ﬁt many of your applications.

Whether you need a precision control with millions

of rotational life cycles or a commercial

potentiometer that ﬁts in a hand-held radio, we have

a product selection that is second to none. No other

manufacturer offers a broader selection of

potentiometers than Bourns Sensors and Controls.

Types of potentiometers in the Sensors and Controls

product line include:

• Multitur n Precision

• Single-Turn Precision

• Panel Control

• Commercial Grade

Precision Potentiometers are used to provide an

accurate electrical output signal corresponding to a

mechanical position input, where accuracy, reliability

and long life are important. These dev ices are

generally designed for hig h reliability, long life in

continuous serv ice, high accuracy and oper ation in

demanding environments.

Panel Control Potentiometers are used where the

frequency of adjustment is hig h and front panel

accessibility is required. These industr ial gr ade

devices are designed for long rotational life with

emphasis on good adjustability.

Commercial Potentiometers are used in consumer

applications as lower cost alternatives to industr ial

grade panel controls. These de vices are designed for

moderate rotational life with emphasis on low cost.

In selecting a potentiometer for your application,the

most important characteristics to consider are the

type of element (cermet, conductive plastic, carbon,

wirewound and Hybritron®) and expected cycle life

of the product.

Cermet Element Technolog y

Cermet elements are available in

a wide r ange of resistance values

and tapers. They offer essentially

inﬁnite resolution and excellent

stability in the most severe

environmental conditions. Static

and dynamic noise (CRV )

performance is good,althoug h conductive plastic is

better. The temperature coefﬁcient of cermet

elements is better than conductive plastic or carbon

type elements, though not as good as w irewound

elements. Linearit y is good but can be improved in

accuracy by utilizing laser-trimming technology.

Frequency response of cermet materials is very good.

The practical application range extends well beyond

100 MHz.

Conductive Plastic Element Technolog y

Conductive plastic thick ﬁlm ink is similar

to cermet, but has a smoother surface. This

characteristic offers several operational

advantages over cermet. Dynamic

noise characteristics (CRV or output

smoothness) and rotational life are

measurably improved and resolution is

essentially inﬁnite. Conductive plastic elements are

generally available in a wide range of resistance

values and tapers. Moisture resistance,temper ature

coefﬁcient, power dissipation and wiper current

capacity for conductive plastic elements are not as

good as cermet elements.

Carbon Element Technolog y

Carbon elements offer the most cost-

effective technolog y. A carbon-based

resistive ink is screened or sprayed

onto a phenolic or FR4 substrate.

Resistance ranges are limited,

beginning w ith 1 kΩand going as high as 1

MΩ.Potentiometers using this element

technolog y are ty pically for commercial typ e

applications, with rotational life in the 10,000 to

15,000 cycles range.

Potentiometers

Wirewound Ele ment Technolog y

Wirewound elements offer good stabilit y, excellent

linearity, low noise, high power capabilities and good

operational life. Wirewound elements offer a wide

range of resistance values up to 500 kΩ. One

primar y limitation of w irewound elements

is the ﬁnite resolution steps, which

result from the wiper moving from

turn to turn perp endicular to the

coil of wire. ( These steps are

distinct, sudden, repeatable

changes in output.) Resolution

improves as resistance values increase due to the

manufacturing processes whereby smaller diameter

wire and a higher number of turns are utilized. For

applications that may be sensitive to such discrete

steps, care should be taken to select an element with

resolution ﬁne enough to avoid difﬁculty.

The coil of resistance wire used to fabricate a

wirewound element exhibits an inductive reactance

that increases proportionately with the frequency.

This effect is most noticeable in the lower total

resistance elements where the inductive reactance

can be larger than the resistance,e ven at frequencies

as low as 20 kHz. The performance of wirewound

elements is also affected by inherent capacitance.

Capacitance exists from turn to turn and also

between the winding and the mandrel. The effects of

capacitance are most signiﬁcant in the higher total

resistance elements.

Hybr itron® Eleme nt Technology

This element is a wirewound element with a

conductive plastic coating . It exhibits the

temperature coefﬁcient and resistance stability

similar to a pure wirewound element. In addition, it

displays the long operational life, essentially inﬁnite

resolution and low noise characteristics of the pure

conductive plastic elements.

The combination of the two

provides the major beneﬁts of

both ty pes of elements. This

element is not recommended

in applications requiring high

wiper currents.

Mechanical Cycle Life

Mechanical cycle life is the ability of a potentiometer

to withstand a speciﬁed number of cycles under

speciﬁc operating conditions, while remaining

within allowable speciﬁcations. A mechanical cycle

consists of wiper t raverse from one limit of travel to

the other limit, and back. The performance is

determined by the type of resistive element and

wiper used in the construction of the potentiometer.

Precision Potentiome ters are generally capable of

mechanical cycle life in the range of 300,000 to

25,000,000 shaft revolutions.

Panel Control Potent iometers are generally capable of

mechanical cycle life in the range of 25,000 to

100,000 full cycles.

Commerc ial Potent iometers are generally capable of

mechanical cycle life in the range of 10,000 to 25,000

full cycles.

The actual mechanical cycle life or rotational life w ill

heavily depend on the env ironmental and electrical

stresses imposed on the unit during its life.

Additional information on performance

characteristics and applications is contained in the

“Application Notes”section of this guide.

Potentiometers

Modification Capabilities and Value-Added

Solutions

The strength of Bour ns Sensors and Controls

product line lies in the customized or modiﬁed

potentiometers to suit your application.A w ide

range of “value-added”potentiometer enhancements

is also available to provide you with cost-effective

solutions.We appreciate the opportunit y to explore

your application and provide potentiometers

modiﬁed to meet your exact needs.

Bourns’capabilities to develop custom

potentiometer solutions and modiﬁcations include

the following:

Terminal Conﬁgurations

Terminals can be customized.

Hardware

Most products are shipped w ith one hex nut and one

lock washer, w ith other conﬁgurations available on

request.

Bushing and Servo Mount

Bushings can be modiﬁed to add a ﬂat,

provide special thread pitch, or even

custom lengths. Servo mount versions

can be substituted on many bushing

mount models.

Seal

Many models are sealed for board processing. Some

models can be sealed to IP65 speciﬁcations.

Special Test Requirements

Bourns has the capability to provide extensive

reliabilit y testing as required. We can accommodate

most special test needs along with test

documentation and/or certiﬁcation with

each shipment as requested.

Cable Harness or Lead Wires

For ease of connection to your

application, we can supply a

custom ﬁt cable harness or lead wires

with a mating connector.

Marking

Standard marking includes the Bourns part number

and date code.We can mark additional information,

such as customer name and part number, or any

other designations.

Special Packaging

Bourns will provide custom packaging to meet your

production or storage needs.

Customized Shaft Options

In all shaft diameters, Bourns

can modify the length of the

shaft, add a ﬂat with sp ecial

shaft orientation, add holes or

notches,or even press on a

gear as a value-added option.

Mounting Brackets

Bourns can develop a customized

bracket. Servo mount precision

controls can use motor mount

cleats or precision

synchro mounting

clamps by Pic Design.

(www.pic-design.com)

Some additional customizing features solely

applicable to potentiome ters:

Switches

Rotary sw itches are available as a standard feature on

many panel control models.

Push switches can be

added to meet your

speciﬁc needs.

Potentiometers

Special Tapers

We can provide custom tapers on our non-

wirewound panel controls and precision

potentiometers.

Front and Rear Ball Bear ings

Bourns offers additional ball bearing

conﬁgurations not listed in our

data sheets to accommodate unique

applications with heavy shaft side

load. This option is ty pically used

with our 65xx and 66xx single-

turn precision controls.

Independent Linearity

Our wirewound and single-turn precision

potentiometers can be ordered with special linear ity

from 0.1 % to 2.0 %.

Temperature Ratings

Bourns offers special potentiometer conﬁgurations

made to withstand temperature extremes.

Center Tap

We can add a four th terminal

(center tap) for measuring current

or voltage.

High Torque

Running torque variations available in 2 to 8 oz-in

for a smooth, heavy feel.

Dual Wipers

Our precision controls 65xx and 66xx models can be

produced with dual resistive tracks and dual w ipers.

Rear Shaft Exte nsion

This option is available

on many models,and is most

popular on a multiturn

wirewound potentiometer,

but is available on panel

control models as well.

Mechanical & Elect r ical Angles

We can provide custom mechanical and electrical

angles. Elect rical ang les are ty pically smaller than

their corresponding mechanical angles.

Multi-Section Pote ntiome ters

This feature is available on many panel control and

precision potentiometer models. These dev ices can

be conﬁgured w ith one shaft to control

multiple ganged potentiometers, or a

dual concentr ic shaft for individual

adjustment.

Potentiometers

Array of Applications

Bourns® potentiometers can be found in a broad

array of applications and functions. For over 50

years,Bourns has prov ided technical leadership in

the potentiometer market. Our engineer ing and

design exper tise have provided customers solutions

to applications in the following areas:

Transportation

A fast growing marketplace, manufacturers are

taking advantage of long life precision

potentiometers used as position feedback sensors in

rugged transportation systems.

• Aircraft Systems

• Rocket Guidance Systems

• Agr iculture & Construction Equipment

• Trafﬁc Control Systems

• Training & Simulation Equipment

• Locomotive Braking Syste ms

• Forklifts

• Joystick Controls

• Automot ive Comfort Controls

• Motorized Golf Carts

Medical

State-of-the-art medical equipment requires a

reliable elect ronic solution that will withstand the

use and abuse of daily wear. Bourns®

potentiometers,used as human interface controls, or

sensors in non-critical life suppor t applications are

designed to outlast the equipment life.

• Dental Equipment

• Electr ic Wheelchairs

• Analyt ical & D iagnost ic Equipment

• Hospital Bed Controls

• Positioning Controls for X-Ray

Potentiometers

Indust r ial Controls

Bourns® precision potentiometers have played a key

role in industrial control systems for many years.

Dependable and accurate, Bourns® potentiometers

should be your ﬁrst choice for your most robust and

demanding applications.

• HVAC Equipment

• Illumination and Theater Controls

• Meteorological Equipment

• Oil Exploration & Reﬁnery Equipment

• Manufacturing Control Systems

• Machine Tool/Presses/Vision Syste ms

• Robots/Robotic Equipment

• Dispensing Process Equipment

• Controls for Printing Presses

• Food Processing Equipment

• Automatic Doors/Gates

• Automated Warehouse Equipment

• Speed/Adjustment Controls

Professional Audio

As a leader ser v ing the professional audio market,

Bourns® controls are used for volume, balance, and

tone controls in professional audio equipment today.

• Studio Recording Equipment

• Mixing Consoles

• Broadcast Equipment

• Keyboards

• Ampliﬁers

• Commercial Audio Sound Systems

Instrumentation

On a panel in selector mode, or inside the cabinet as

a sensor, Bourns’® potentiometers are an excellent

choice for all ty pes of instr umentation.

• Oscillos copes

• X-Y Plotters

• Fluid Level Sens ors

• Aircraft Lighting Systems

• Helicopter Communication Systems

• Test & Measurement Equipment

Commerc ial Appliances

Bourns has developed many controls for the

expanding electronic appliance industry. We can

modify any of our potentiometers to meet these

robust commercial applications.

• Laundry

• Refrigeration

• Oven Ranges

• Hand Mixers

• Food Processors

Consumer Electronics

Bourns® potentiometers continue to get smaller as

the demand for portable equipment increases. Take a

look at all the models we have to offer for this

growing consumer electronics industry.

• Computer Speakers

• Car Audio

• Dictation Equipment

• Film Development Processors

• Graphic Applications & Simulation

• Joy Sticks

To assist you in making the right potentiometer

selection for your application, please refer to the

sections in this guide entitled “Application Notes”

and “Product Selection Guides.”These sections

provide a side-by-side comparison of speciﬁcations

for each model along with technical data for each

model.Additional technical information can be

found in the “Data Sheets”and “Glossary of Terms”

sections.

Potentiometers

Encoders

Selecting an Encoder

With Sensors and Controls offering more than 10

different models of encoders, we have one to ﬁt your

applications needs. Providing the indust r y with both

contacting and non-contacting encoders, Bourns is

recognized worldw ide for supplying standard and

custom encoder solutions and providing excellent

technical suppor t.

An encoder is a rotary or linear de vice that

detects or senses a change in position

resulting in a digital sig nal output.

These devices are also known as

Incremental Encoders, Digital Panel

Controls, Bit Sw itches, Gray Code

Switches and Digital Switches.

Rotary encoders are physically

similar in appearance to a potentiometer. However,

the electrical func tion of an encoder is different than

a potentiometer. Encoders are used in applications

from car radios to automatic door openers as

position sensing digital sw itches.Some of the

functions that the Bourns® encoders can be used for

are:

• Identify ing direction of rotation

• Detecting angular posit ion

• Up/down counting

• Sensing speed of rotation

• Pulse generation

• Switching

An advantage of using encoders over potentiometers

in a digital circuit is that the signal produced by an

encoder eliminates the analog-to-dig ital (A/D)

conversion process. This approach can reduce

memor y overhead,wiring and w iring interconnects,

and can provide greater MPU progr am speed.

Impor tant Characterist ics

In select ing an encoder for your application,the

most important characteristics to consider are the

type of technology, t y pe of output signal, speed of

rotation,expected cycle life and sw itching capability

of the product.There are two basic technology

classiﬁcations of encoders: contacting (mechanical)

and non-contacting.Your application will dictate the

type of technology that wil l be best suited for your

design.

Contacting Technology

Contacting encoders have two major

components in their construction:

the coded element and a

contacting sensor or w iper.

Movement of the wiper over a

coded element emulates a

mechanical switching action, producing a

digital output signal. This type of technology offers

the most cost-effective solution for your application.

However, resolution and rotational life are

limitations of contacting designs. Bourns offers a

variety of contacting encoder models suited for low

cost applications.

Non-Contacting Technolog y

Non-contacting encoders can be constructed

from four different types of technologies:

optical, inductive,capacitive and

magnetic. Optical encoders contain

three major components in their

construc tion: a light source,a code disk,and a

detector. Resolution and life are much higher than

the contacting technology. Optical encoders can be

used in both static and dynamic applications. This

type of encoder offers a midrange priced solution for

your application.Magnetic encoders contain three

major components in their construc tion: a coil,a

magnet, and a sensor. Magnetic encoders can operate

in very high-speed and hig h temperature

applications. However, resolution is limited for an

equivalent sized optical encoder package. This t y pe

of encoder is used in dynamic applications only and

is a high priced component. Bourns offers optical

encoders suitable for your applications.

Encoders

Types of Out put Signals

There are two basic ty pes of encoder output signals:

incremental and absolute.The incremental signal

consists of two phase-shifted,square-wave signals.

The phase shift is required for recognition of the

direction of rotation. The absolute signal, also

known as Gray Code,consists of discreet coded

binar y values and may be from 4 to 16 bits wide. In

application, absolute encoders are required if a

particular setting must be recognized and available

after a power down of the system.All other

applications can use an incremental encoder.

Speed of Rotation

Contacting encoders have a

higher sensitivit y to speed of

rotation or revolutions per

minute (RPM).On the other

hand, non-contacting encoders

can be rotated at high speeds. Most

contacting encoders begin to skip counts when the

shaft is rotated in excess of 100 RPM, while non-

contacting encoders ﬁtted with ball bear ings can be

rotated at speeds up to 3000 RPM.

Rotat ional Life

Contacting encoders have a limited rotational life

due to wear on mechanical contact components used

to create the signal output. In general, contacting

encoders have a rotational life below 100,000 cycles.

On the other hand, non-contacting encoders can

endure rotational life in excess of 1,000,000 cycles.

Non-contacting encoders are theoretically limited by

the wear in bearing surface of the

bushing or ball bearings holding the

shaft in place. Typical cycle life

expectancy is 10 million without

ball bearings and 200 mil lion

with ball bearings.

Switching Capabilit y

Encoders are frequently used in switching

applications where each discreet binary

number in the output signal is

recognized as a speciﬁc instruction

or setting for the digital system. In

such cases, the system must

recognize the position of the encoder

after power down of the system. For those

applications, encoders such as Bourns® Model EA

Absolute Contacting Encoder (ACE™) are the

perfect solution.Incremental contacting encoders

can also be used in such applications. However, the

designer must make additional software and

hardware provisions for retaining the encoder

position in a non-volatile memory.

Another frequently used option available in many

encoder models is the momentary push sw itch. This

type of sw itch is ty pically used to drive menu

selection in a digital display. Bourns offers the model

EP and PEC series encoders with momentary push

switch options to suit your application.

Additional information on performance

characteristics and applications is contained in the

“Application Notes”section of this guide.

Encoders

Modification Capabilities and Value-Added

Solutions

The Sensors and Controls Div ision has continued to

expand its encoder product offer ing with a w ide

variety of models to meet your application needs,

including both absolute and incremental quadrature

output codes.A w ide range of “value-added”

potentiometer enhancements is also available to

provide you w ith cost-effective solutions. We would

like the opportunity to provide a custom solution to

meet your application and design needs.

Bourns’capabilities to develop custom encoder

solutions and modiﬁcations include the following:

Cable Harness/Lead Wires

For ease of connection to your

application, we can supply a

custom ﬁt cable harness or

lead wires.We can even

supply it with a mating

connector.

Detents

On some models, the detent count can be doubled or

quadrupled per electr ical output cycle.

Custom Output

In addition to our standard electrical output (PPR),

custom outputs signals can be developed to meet

special application needs.

Seal

Some models are sealed for board

processing . Some models can be

sealed to IP65 speciﬁcations.

Torque

On some models, rotational torque can be increased

for a smooth, heavier feel.

Special Packaging

Bourns can provide custom packaging to

meet your production or storage needs.

Terminal Conﬁgurations

Terminals can be formed to meet your

application needs.

Hardware

Most products are shipped w ith one hex nut and one

lock washer, but other conﬁgurations are available

upon request.

Marking

Standard marking includes the Bourns part number

and date code.We can mark additional information,

such as customer name and part number, or any

other designations.

Mechanical Stops

All encoders are continuous turn, but stops can be

added to limit mechanical travel.

Mounting Brackets

Bourns can develop a customized bracket to meet

your needs.Ser vo mount precision controls can use

motor mount cleats or precision synchro mounting

clamps by Pic Design. (www.pic-design.com)

Special Test Requirements

We have the capability to provide extensive reliability

testing as required. We can accommodate most

special test needs along with test documentation

and/or certiﬁcation with each shipment as requested.

Customized Shaft Options

In all shaft diameters, Bourns has the abilit y

to modify the length of the shaft, add a

ﬂat with special shaft or ientation, add

holes or notches,or even press on a

gear as a value-added option.

Encoders

Array of Applications

Bourns Sensors and Controls offers a wide range of

encoder package options and performance

characteristics unmatched by competitive devices.

This extra measure of adaptabilit y makes Bourns®

encoders the optimum solution for a broad range of

applications. Our engineer ing and design exper tise

used to resolve customer needs have led us to

encoder applications in the following industries:

Professional and Consumer Audio

An industr y leader ser v ing the professional and

consumer audio market, Bourns’contacting and

optical encoders can be found in all types of audio

applications. Old analog designs are being

redesig ned with to digital circuits w ith encoders

replacing potentiometers.

• Studio Recording Equipment

• Dig ital Mixing Consoles

• Dig ital Broadcast Equipment

• Professional Sound Systems

• Dig ital Ampliﬁer s

• Dig ital Car Audio

Test & Measurement Equipment

Used as input dev ices for all ty pes of test and

measurement equipment,contacting and optical

encoders provide accurate adjustment controls

insuring reliability and dependabilit y in your end

product.

• Oscillos copes

• Dig ital Analyzers

• Measureme nt Instruments

• Weather Instruments

• Medical Diagnostic Equipment

• Chart Recorders

• Dig ital Monitors

Encoders

Indust r ial/Factory Automation

Optical Encoders are a rugged and durable solution

for factory automation and industr ial uses.With

millions of life cycles,non-contacting technology

enables these encoders to outlast the life of the

equipment. Designed w ith outputs to 256 pulses per

revolution, Bour ns® optical encoders prov ide the

highest resolution with the smallest package size in

the industr y.

• Roboti cs

• Material Handling

• Forklift Tr ucks

• Machine Tools

• Automated Gates/Doors

• Fluid Measureme nt

To assist you in making the right encoder selection

for your application,please refer to the sections in

this guide entitled “Application Notes”and “Product

Selection Guides.”These sections provide a side-by-

side comparison of speciﬁcations for each model

along with technical data for each model.Additional

technical information can be found in the “Data

Sheets”and “Glossary of Terms”sections.

Automotive Produc ts

Many of the world’s leading manufacturers have long

known Bourns as a company that they can t rust to

deliver quality electronic parts on time and within tar-

targget costs. With components and inte-

integrated solutions for many automotive

appapplications, Bourns Sensors and

Controls has a keen sense of

automotive companies’ needs. Our

products deliver performance and

reliabilit y you can trust.

Bourns has been an integral par t of many recent

technological advances providing high-performance,

low-cost, mag netic position sensors, and

enhancements to positive temperature coefﬁcient

over-current protection devices.

At the Sensors and Controls

Division, we understand that

automotive manufacturers need

complete solutions. To achieve an

optimum blend of pr ice and

quality, we are structured to be one

of the world’s most vertically integr ated suppliers.

With our own prototype eng ineering labs and tool

rooms, we are able to minimize the time to market.

From simple substrates to complete assemblies,

Bourns does it all. Our component offering is

exceptionally broad-based.

Bourns automotive

offerings include

sensors, overcurrent

protection devices,

controls, and discrete

components. The

breadth of Bourns

standard product

offering is unmatched in

the passive electronics industry. At the same time, our

vertical integration, production capacity, and

technical expert ise gives us the ability to adapt

quickly to just about any custom requirement.This

unbeatable versatility continues to make Bourns a

supplier of choice for many automotive

manufacturers.Simply contact your local Bourns

sales representative for assistance on your

automotive needs.

Bourns Automotive Engineering Group has

designed, prototyp ed, and manufactured customized

automotive sensors for tier one and tier two

automotive customers over the last 25 years.With

everything from contacting ty p e encoders for

automobile radios, including the more recent use of

new non-contacting magnetic technology in throttle

position sensors and electronic throttle control

applications, Bourns can provide you with the

custom discreet and integr ated solutions needed in

today’s changing automotive marketplace.

Custom Solutions

Bourns core technologies can be tailored to ﬁt any

sensor application. These technologies include:

• Thick Film Pr int ing

• Long Life Resistive Ink Technology

• Non-Contacting Magnetic Technolog y

• Insert and Injection Molding

• CNC Machining

• Metal Fabricat ion

Bourns Automotive Engineer ing Group has been

successful in developing the following t y pes of

components for the automotive industr y :

• Brake Wear Sensor s

• Steering System Sensors

• Gear Position Sens ors

• Single/Dual Out put Non-Contacting Pedal

Position Sens ors

• Non-Contacting Linear and Rotary EGR Sensors

• Non-Contacting Rotary Throttle Posit ion Sensor s

• Electronic Transmission Sensors

• Suspension Position Sens ors

• Memory Seat Controls

• Radio Controls

• HVAC

Whatever your automotive sensor or control

requirement may be, Bourns Automotive

Engineering Group has the expertise to design,

prototype, and manufacture it for you. Simply

contact your local Bourns Sales Representative with

details of your idea or design,and they will do the

rest.Like millions before you,Bourns

will be happy to provide you

with the most Reliable

Electronic Solutions the

industr y has to offer.

Custom Solutions

Custom Solutions for Automotive Applications

Custom Solutions

Cockpit Systems

• HVAC Controls

• Radio Controls

• Integrated Electronic Front Panel Solut ions

• Infotainment Electronic Solutions

Engine Management Systems

• Throttle Position Se nsors

• Pedal Position Se nsors

• EGR Valve Position Se nsors

• Transmission/Gear Position Se ns ors

Stability Systems

• Suspension Sensors

• Steering Sensor s

• Brake Wear Sensor s

Dimming Syste m

• 3310 Panel Control

With Bourns’core manufacturing competencies in

precision injection molding, metal fabrication,

resistive ink development and high volume resistive

ink printing, we can cost-effectively meet your

application needs.

Simply contact your

local Bourns Sales

Representative to

start the process.

Other Custom Products

The Sensors and Controls Div ision specializes in

designing, developing and manufactur ing custom

components, utilizing both contacting and non-

contacting technologies. From throttle position

sensors for a unique automotive environment,

to pr inted circuit boards custom ﬁtted with

Bourns® contacting encoders,we aid

customers in developing their ideas into

assembly ready solutions. Bour ns can

fully integrate passive and active

components into an array of housing

sizes to meet customer

needs.

One example of a custom

solution is the Bourns® Smart Panel

Control. This device is a digital

rotary control with embedded

functionality facilitated by on-board electronics.The

product may be programmed to accommodate a

variety of different functions. Speciﬁcally, it can

control several devices and all associated functions

through one simple, intelligent interface.

Another Smart Panel Control conﬁguration directly

controls and powers a small DC motor for an

automotive or industrial application.Var iables such

as speed, slew rate and control curve can be

programmed into the on board

electronics.The Smart Panel

Control may also monitor all

systems and under program control

either notify the operator of

the offending condition,or

take direct action.

Custom Solutions

Install into Final Product

Quote and

Purchase PCB

Fabrication

Competitor Bourns

Quote and

Purchase PCB

Components

Assemble and

Solder Discrete

Encoder

Potential

Delivery Issues

Stock Discrete

Encoder

Test Discrete

Encoder

Test Final PCB

Assembly

Quote and

Purchase Discrete

Encoder

Place one

purchase order

for a Bourns

Integrated PCB

System and you’ll

have time to

concentrate on

what is

important:your

ﬁnal product

Bourns Advantage

Diagram1: The Bourns Advantage

Integrated Front Panels

An Integrated Front Panel (IFP) is a custom solution

Group where a printed circuit board is populated

with encoders and additional components providing

the customer with a cost-effective solution.

“Integrated”refers to Bourns® contacting encoders

integrated directly onto the board,using the board

surface as the encoder element throug h a patented

process. Previous applications

have included between

7 and 11 contacting

encoders on a surface

mount technology

(SMT) or a through-

hole printed circuit

board.An advantage of

this technology is the opportunit y to upgr ade to

SMT versus a through-hole desig n. IFPs can be

designed w ith either front mounted encoders or rear

mounted encoders allow ing for extra space to

accommodate additional components. This design

versatilit y allows for higher component density,

freeing up valuable board real estate. IFP systems

provide a simpliﬁed, cost-effective “plug and play”

solutions for our customers.

The IFP System Advantage

The Engineering Group at the Sensors and Controls

Division has developed a cost-effective and time

saving custom solution for you. IFP provides you

with a total solution: integrating the encoders

directly to your printed circuit board,populating the

board with additional components, testing the ﬁnal

product,and delivering the total package to you.

The IFP System gives you an advantage over your

competitor by allow ing you to place one purchase

order and receive one

shipment.All you do is

plug it into your system

and turn it on. (See

Diagram 1 on page 24.)

Partnerships with our Customers

As par t of a joint effort to solve a customer assembly

problem,Bourns designed and developed custom

integrated encoders that mount directly onto the

customer’s printed circuit board.This process and

technolog y are now available for all customers.

Available in three versions,front mount, front

mount with push momentar y sw itch, and rear

mount, Bourns can efﬁciently reconﬁgure your

current printed circuit board from a through-hole

design to a surface mount version and integr ate

encoders as part of the circuit board.

This custom encoder solution provides long

operating life, consistent feel, and space sav ing

beneﬁts. Produced in ISO certiﬁed manufacturing

facilities, Bourns provides full turnkey serv ice with

procurement and total assembly of all your discrete

electronic components,along w ith our integrated

encoders.We ship a fully tested and assembled unit,

truly a plug and play solution. Additional

information can be found in the section entitled

“Data Sheets.”

If you currently use three or more encoders on your

panel design, we can customize an IFP to your

speciﬁcations. Contact your local Bourns Sales

Representative today.

Cursor Control

A Cursor Control is a

solid, ceramic two-axis or three-axis force sensor

based on a thick ﬁlm technology innovation. This

revolutionar y desig n provides a distinct linear

output in all three axes, resulting in smooth motion

control. The compact size is ideally suited for

applications where space is a major constraint. This

family of sensors addresses emerging customer needs

for long life and reliability with a ver y attrac tively

priced product offering.

NOTE: Cursor Control products, pre v iously offered by

Bourns, are now available through Synaptics Inc., San

Jose, CA. For additional infor mation, please v isit their

website at www.sy napt ics.com.

Custom Solutions

APPLICATION NOTES

Potentiometers

Performance Characteristics

The following section discusses various performance

characteristics to be considered when selecting a

potentiometer along with typical applications and

basic circuit conﬁgurations.

Power Rating

Power rating is the maximum heat that can be

dissipated by a potentiometer under speciﬁed

conditions w ith certain perfor mance requirements.

Heat (or power) dissipation is the result of current

passing through a resistance. The useful life of a

given potentiometer is directly related to the

maximum temperature allowed in the interior of the

unit.Above a certain internal temperature, insulating

materials begin to degrade. A maximum power

rating indicates to the circuit designer how much

power may be safely dissipated without harm to the

device.

Taper

A taper is deﬁned as the output cur ve of resistance,

measured between one end of the element and the

wiper. It is expressed in percent of total resistance

versus percent of effec tive rotation. Sensors and

Controls precision wirewound products and

precision single-turn potentiometers are available in

linear taper only. Linear taper is the percent of

effective electrical clockwise rotation equal to the

percent of voltage ratio output, creating a linear

output.Audio taper produces a change in output on

a logarithmic scale giv ing the human ear the

perception of sound intensity increasing in a linear

mode.All other Bour ns® potentiometers are

available in a var iety of standard tapers, including

audio and reverse audio. Custom tapers are available;

consult the factor y for complete details and

minimum order quantities.Table 1 provides an easy

reference for taper codes on all Bourns® panel

control models. Figure 1 shows the most frequently

requested tapers ranked by most popular:

1 = linear taper

2 = audio or log taper

3 = revers e audio or rever se log taper

4 = modiﬁed linear or “S” taper

Application Notes

Table 1: Taper Codes by Model

Figure 1: Popular Tapers

Models Taper Codes

1234*

39 B D G

50 Series A,H,B,E C,D,S F,G,T

80 Series (81,82,85,86) A,H,B,E C,D,S F,G,T

80 Series (83,84) J,K

90 Series A,H,B,E C,D,S F,G,T

3310 Linear only

3851,3852,3856 A,H,B,E C,D F,G

3862 A,H,B,E C,D F,G

PCW B D G

PDA17 B A

PDB12 B A

PDB18 B A

PTV09 B A

PTV111/PTT111 B A

PTV142 B A

PTD90/PTR90 B A

PDV B A

PTA B A

PTB B A

Notes:

• Please refer to the datasheets for more informat ion on taper codes

• *Custom parts only

• All precision pote ntiomete r models are available in linear only.

• “S” taper and other tape rs are available by special order.

Temperature Coefﬁc ient of Resistance

The temperature coefﬁcient of resistance (TCR) is an

indication of the maximum change in total

resistance that may occur due to a change in ambient

operating temperature. This parameter is normally

speciﬁed in parts per million per deg ree Celsius

(PPM/°C). Temperature coefﬁcient is dependent on

the ty pe of material used to construct the resistive

element and the physical structure of the unit.

Potentiometers constructed with cermet, conductive

plastic or carbon elements ty pical ly have a hig her

temperature coefﬁcient than those constr ucted with

wirewound elements by approximately twice the

value.

Wiper Load

The wiper load must always be speciﬁed carefully, as

it has a great effect on the wiper output. Unless

otherw ise speciﬁed, Bourns assumes the resistance

wiper load to be at least 100 times the value of the

potentiometer per the industry standard. In

specifying the w iper load, keep in mind that if the

current load is too high, linearit y w ill degr ade.With

conductive plastic elements,excessive wiper load w ill

increase the negative effects of contact resistance and

contact resistance variation (CRV). The r ule of

thumb for selecting the wiper load is to use the ratio

of total resistance (RT) to wip er load (RL) of 1:100

or higher (see Figures 2 and 3.)

The following tables will guide you in selecting the

correct typ e of potentiometer for your application.

Application Notes

Figure 2: Error Due to Wiper Loading

Figure 3: Linearity Affected by Load

Table 2 lists the

important

performance

characteristics of

precision

potentiometers with

an element

technolog y guide

along with t y pical

applications that

will be encountered.

Application Notes

Table 2: Performance Characteristics of Precision Potentiometers

Table 3: Performance Characteristics of Panel Control Potentiometers

Element Technology

Element technologies are

ranked 1 to 5;1 is best

Charac teristic impor tance factors:

L=Low,M=Moderate,H=High

Cermet

Conductive Plastic

Hybitron®

Wirewound

Typical Applications

1222

2321

1321

3221

1123

2223

1221

2221

4124

3421

2354

LLLMMLM

LLLMMHM

ML L MM HM

LLLLMMM

MM M L M L M

MM M M M M H

HHMHMMM

MH H H H H H

HHHHH HH

LLLLL LL

Precision Potentiometers

Closed-Loop Servo

Multiple-Input

Position Sensor

Shaft Angle Sensor

Reg Power Supply

Voltage Control

RC Freq Control

(Calibrated)

RCL Bridge Null

Control

Sweep Delay

Control

Resistance Range

Resistance Tolerance

Temperature Coefficient

Power Dissipation

Noise/CRV

Resolution

Adjustability

Moisture Stability

Linearity

Rotational Life

Power Rating

Relative Price

Characteristics

Element Technology

Element technologies are

ranked 1 to 5;1 is best

Charac teristic impor tance factors:

L=Low,M=Moderate,H=High

Cermet

Conductive Plastic

Hybitron®

Typical Applications

232

253

254

432

111

341

153

323

341

131

213

HMM L M H L

LLMLMLL

LLMLL LL

LMLHM L L

HLHLH LH

LLHLHHM

ML H L H MM

LLMLMMM

ML M L M L M

HHHHH MH

LHLML HL

Panel Control Potentiometers

Balance Control

Triac Control

RC Freq Control

(Uncalibrated)

Universal Motor

Speed Control

Trace Position

CRT Focus

Amplifier Gain

Resistance Range

Resistance Tolerance

Temperature Coefficient

Power Dissipation

Noise/CRV

Resolution

Adjustability

Moisture Stability

Linearity

Rotational Life

Power Rating

Relative Price

Characteristics

Table 3 lists the

important

performance

characteristics of

panel control

potentiometers with

an element

technolog y guide

along with t y pical

applications that

will be encountered.

Potentiometers

Typical Applications and Circuit Configurations

The following section w ill familiarize you with the

two basic ways in which a potentiometer is applied

in a circuit: voltage divider mode and rheostat mode.

Voltage Div ider Mode

A resistive voltage divider prov ides an output voltage

in reduced propor tion to the voltage applied to its

input. In its simplest form, it consists of two

resistances in series. The input voltage is applied

across the total circuit and the output voltage is

developed across one of the individual resistances.A

potentiometer can act as a variable voltage divider

with the resistive element substituted for the two

resistances.The w iper provides an adjustable output

voltage. The basic var iable voltage divider circuit is

shown in Figure 4.An input voltage is applied across

the entire resistive element. The output voltage is

developed across the lower por tion of the element

between the wiper and one end of the resistive

element.

Figure 4: Voltage Divider Circuit

Rheostat Mode

Many applications use the variable resistance

between the wiper and one end terminal as a method

of current adjustment. This two terminal method of

connection is frequently referred to as the rheostat

mode. Figure 5 illustrates the basic rheostat circuit.

The choice of input and output terminals is arbit rar y

since the potentiometer, w hen applied as a current

control, is a two-terminal device.

Figure 5: Rheostat Circuit

CAUTION: CONDUCTIVE PLASTIC AND

HYBRITRON® ELEMENTS SHOULD BE APPLIED

IN VOLTAGE DIVIDER CIRCUITS ONLY.

Some ty pical applications for precision

potentiometers are listed below along with circuit

conﬁgurations and application details.

Closed-Loop Servo

As a remote shaft position control, the operator

moves the panel control to calibrated setting for

desired shaft position.The servo potentiometer

moves w ith the panel control shaft to the new

balance setting. The input may also be some other

signal or sensing dev ice. The motion may be rotary

or translator y. Examples are ser vo-driven meter

replacing sensitive D’Arsonval movement, X-Y

plotter drives, control surfaces,etc.See Figure 6.

Figure 6: Closed-Loop Servo Circuit

Application Notes

Multiple-Input Position Se nsor

In this application, a multiple-input circuit takes

outputs from two or more position-indicating

potentiometers,resulting in a control voltage output

proportional to the sum of the shaft positions. The

selected series resistor value must be large compared

to potentiometer value for maximum accuracy.

Different resistors give weighted sums while opposite

polarities give differences. See Figure 7.

Figure 7: Multiple-Input Position Sensor Circuit

Shaft Ang le Sens or

As a shaft ang le sensor, the shaft position or

direction indicator for rotatable antenna, control

surface, valve, tool, etc. The position signal may be

indicated, displayed or used to control some related

function. See Figure 8.

Figure 8: Shaft Angle Sensor Circuit

Regulated Power Supply Voltage Control

A regulated power supply control uses a highly linear

10-turn precision potentiometer. A digital tur ns-

counting dial can be used to indicate the output

voltage. See Figure 9.

Figure 9: Regulated PS Voltage Control Circuit

RC Freque ncy Control (Calibrated)

A frequency control in a bridge oscillator requires

that the two potentiometers track each other closely.

Good linearity is necessar y if a calibrated dial is to be

used.Wirewound potentiometers work well for

frequencies up to a few tens of kHz.At higher

frequencies,winding inductance causes problems

dictating use of ﬁlm elements. The resolution of

wirewound potentiometers should be considered at

the low R (high frequency) end of rotation. Both

potentiometers are controlled with a single shaft. See

Figure 10.

Figure 10: RC Frequency Control Circuit

Application Notes

RCL Bridge Null Control

In this application, the precision potentiometer is

used as a dissipation factor dial in a capacitance

bridge, and is used in conjunction with a calibr ated

dial. This application requires the use of a closely

controlled output function characteristic found in

the precision potentiometer. See Figure 11.

Figure 11: RCL Bridge Null Control Circuit

Sweep Delay Control

When used as a sweep delay control in an

oscilloscope or other ty pes of test instrumentation,

the 10-turn precision potentiometer requires precise

linearit y so that the turns-counting dial reading can

be accurately conver ted to a time interval. See Figure

12.

Figure 12: Sweep Delay Control Circuit

Some ty pical applications for panel control

potentiometers are listed below along with circuit

conﬁgurations and application details.

Audio Frequency Balance Control

A stereo balance control usually requires a pair of

non-linear panel control elements with opposite

tapers (log and reverse log),or special elements in

which no resistance change takes place over half

rotation.The panel control is normally a dual cup

unit controlled by a single shaft. See Figure 13.

Figure 13: AF Balance Control Circuit

Triac Control

In this application, the panel control is used as a

triac load control (i.e.,lig ht dimmer) using a

rheostat conﬁguration.The principal concern in this

application is wiper cur rent or power dissipation and

voltage rating . See Figure 14.

Figure 14: Triac Control Circuit

Application Notes

RC Freque ncy Control (Uncalibrated)

A panel control can be used as a frequency selector

in a square-wave generator. In this application, the

panel control is conﬁgured as a rheostat with wip er

current highest at high frequencies (low R). See

Figure 15.

Figure 15: RC Frequency Control Circuit

Universal Motor Speed Cont rol

In this application, the panel control is normally a

wirewound in a rheostat conﬁguration capable of

substantial wiper cur rent and power dissipation. For

higher power motors,the potentiometer is

augmented by an SCR.Variable rate of speed change

can be accomplished by non-linear potentiometers.

Bi-directional speed controls can be accomplished by

the addition of a switch. See Figure 16.

Figure 16: Motor Speed Control Circuit

Trace Position

Used in vertical position control or trace position

control for oscilloscope ampliﬁers, the panel control

wiper current is nil in the center, but increases

toward each end.Unless limited by speciﬁcation,

CRV may impair adjustability near the ends of

rotation.Both panel controls are normally controlled

with a single shaft. See Figure 17.

Figure 17: Trace Position Circuit

CRT Focus

In this application, the panel control is used as a

focus control for a cathode ray tube (CRT). With no

DC load present, there is also no wiper current.

Attention must be given to the high voltage rating of

the control as it may have several hundred volts

across the element and operate at several thousand

volts from ground. See Figure 18.

Figure 18: CRT Focus Circuit

Application Notes

Table 4: Performance Characteristics of

Encoders

Ampliﬁer Gain

A panel control can be used as a gain

control in an op-amp circuit. The gain is

determined by the resistance ratio A =

RFB / RIN. See Figure 19.

Figure 19: Amplifier Gain Circuit

Encoders

Performance Characteristics

Operating Temperature

Operating temperature refers to the temper ature

range at which the encoder can be dynamically

operated while remaining within speciﬁcations.

Contacting encoders ty pically have a much wider

operating temperature range than optical encoders.

Contact Resistance

Contact resistance refers to the resistance between

contacting mechanical par ts used to create the digital

output signal. Low contact resistance is desirable in

most applications. Encoders constr ucted from non-

contacting technology do not have contact

resistance.

Resolution

Resolution refers to the number of elect rical pulses

per shaft revolution that an encoder produces as a

digital output signal. Incremental and absolute

contacting encoders are generally limited to low

resolutions depending on the materials used in their

construction. Optical encoders have a much higher

resolution in comparable package sizes.

Table 4 lists the important

performance characteristics of

encoders with a technology guide

along with t y pical applications that

will be encountered.

Application Notes

Encoder

Technology

Element

technologies are

ranked 1 to 2;1

is best

Charac teristic importance factors:

L=Low,M=Moderate,H=High

Contacting

(Mechanical)

Non-Contacting

(Optical)

Typical Applications

HMH L M

MM H M H

MH H MM

MH M MM

HHH L H

HHMHH

Encoders

Operating Temperature

Storage Temperature

Operating Speed (RPM)

Contac t Resistance

Resolution (PPR)

Moisture Stability

Rotational Life

Relative Price

Characteristics

Automotive

Medical

Instrumentation

Test &

Measurement

Professional

Audio

Factory

Automation

Encoders

General Application Information

Some general application information that should be

considered by designers:

• Encoders should be operated within the

recommended operating condit ions. Elect rostatic

discharge (ESD) precautions should be obser ved at

all times w ith non-contact ing type e ncoders due to

possible damage to the internal elect ronics.

• Care should be taken to provide adequate current

at the proper voltage to the encoder.

• Line drivers should be us ed when connect ing to

long leads, low-impedance loads, or capacitive

loads. Long leads on the output have an associated

capacitance, which can degrade high-frequency

signals.

• Care should be exercised when attaching the

encoder to a heat-generating de v ice, such as a

motor, to preve nt damage to the encoder.The

maximum tempe rature of the heat-ge nerating

surface or the free ambient airspace, whiche ver is

greater, should be conside red for selection of a

suitable encoder w ith adequate

operating temperature range.

• Exceeding the maximum

mechanical speed of the encoder

may cause permanent damage to

the encoder. Exceeding the

maximum elect r ical speed may

result in incorrect data or signal

error.

• Noise in the input power supply or the outputs of

an encoder may cause application problems. Some

of the common means of minimizing such noise are

grounding, tw isted pairs, shielded or isolated leads,

and signal conditioning.

Signal Conditioning

Most applications where rotar y contacting encoders

are used require the use of ﬁlters to condition the

digital output signal. Commercially available

integrated circuits (IC) or programmable logic chips

(PLC) provide the proper debounce and noise

ﬁltration. Another alternative for signal conditioning

is software prog ramming.

The use of debounce ﬁlters is recommended with all

contacting encoder models to avoid miscounts that

may be caused by w iper bounce. Our optical encoder

does not require the use of debounce ﬁlters due to

signal conditioning already provided by the custom

designed application speciﬁc integrated circuit

(ASIC) used in construction of the de vice.

Debounce ﬁlters such as the MC14490 Hex Contact

Bounce Eliminator manufactured by ON

Semiconductor can be used to eliminate encoder

contact bounce. The diagram in Figure 20 shows a

typical circuit conﬁguration for encoder debounce

ﬁltering. For additional information and

speciﬁcation sheet for this dev ice, visit ON

Semiconductor’s website at http://www.onsemi.com.

Note: This de v ice was former ly manufactured by

Motorola.

Figure 20: Typical Debounce Circuit Configuration

Application Notes

Incremental encoders can also be used to drive

standard up/down counters. In such cases, we suggest

using interface ICs similar to the LS7083 and LS7084

Encoder to Counter Interface Chips manufactured by

US Digital. The diag ram in Figure 21 shows a typical

circuit conﬁguration for an encoder applied to drive

an up/down counter. For additional information and

speciﬁcation sheet for these dev ices, visit US Digital’s

website at http://www.usdig ital.com.

Figure 21: Up/Down Counter Driver Circuit

Encoders

Application Information for EN Series Optical

Encoder

Bourns® optical encoder produces a 2-bit quadrature

signal that is suitable for digital systems where both

magnitude and direction of adjustment must be

provided. Utilizing solid-state electronics to create

the output signal, these encoders have no contacts

that will wear or create electrical noise. The optical

encoder is ideal as a digital panel control or a

position-sensing device in applications where long

life, reliability, accuracy, and hig h resolution are

critical.

Rotat ional Speed/Life

Most bushing mount encoders on the market are

limited to rotational speeds of 300 rpm and have a

rotational life of 10 x 106revolutions. To increase

operating speed and life speciﬁcations, bal l bearing

shaft supports are added. For high speed and/or

extended life applications, Bourns offers shaft ball

bearings in either bushing or ﬂange mount versions.

With ball bearing s, the EN series is capable of

operating speeds of 3000+ r pm with a rotational life

of up to 5 x 108revolutions.

Shaft Loading

To accurately predict the rotational life of an

encoder, the end (axial) and side (radial) loading

forces should be understood. The relationship

between shaft loading and rotational life for the EN

series is expressed in the tables below. Life is shown

here in operating hours (of continuous rotation) at

the speed indicated.

Note: Life r ating estimates are based on metal fatigue

failure criteria. Retention of lubricants may be a

limiting factor in extended life applications.

Application Notes

1.0 1 0 4.3 x 1068.5 x 104

0.5 0 1 4.3 x 1068.5 x 104

3.0 3 0 2.8 x 1055.6 x 103

1.5 0 3 2.8 x 1055.6 x 103

2.5 0 0 4.8 x 1059.6 x 103

5.0 0 0 6.0 x 1041.2 x 103

10.0 0 5 1.1 x 1042.2 x 102

ENT and ENW Style Encoders

Radial Load Axial Load (lb) L10 Life (Hrs)

(lb) Push Pull 100 RPM 3,000 RPM

1.0 1 0 8.3 x 1061.7 x 105

0.5 0 1 8.3 x 1061.7 x 105

3.0 3 0 5.5 x 1051.1 x 104

1.5 0 3 5.5 x 1051.1 x 104

2.5 0 0 1.2 x 1062.9 x 103

5.0 0 0 1.4 x 1052.9 x 103

10.0 0 5 2.4 x 1044.8 x 102

ENS Style Encoders

Radial Load Axial Load (lb) L10 Life (Hrs)

(lb) Push Pull 100 RPM 3,000 RPM

Notes:

1) Radial loads are assumed to be applied 1/2” from the front

mounting surface (FMS)

2)The static load rating (C0) is 10.7 lbs. for ENT and ENW styles

(1/8” shaft dia.) and 21 lbs. for ENS ve rsions (1/4” shaft dia.).

3) If R=radial load,AP=ax ial push load and APL=axial pull load,

recommended loading limits are as follows:

2R + APL < C0and,

R + AP <C0

Moment of Inertia

To determine the rotational inertia for the EN series

encoder, use the appropriate formula from the table.

Calculate the shaft length modiﬁer as follows:

Express the desired shaft length (from the mounting

surface - FMS) in thirt y-seconds of an inch, and then

subtract 28 from the numerator. The result is the

shaft length modiﬁers. For example:

A shaft length (FMS) of 5/8˝ is equivalent to 20/32.

The shaft length modifier is then equal to 20 minus

28, or -8.

Shafts

The EN Series encoder uses a precision-machined

metal shaft. The advantages of this feature are: 1)

dimensional accuracy, 2) shaft strength, and 3)

design ﬂexibility. In addition to standard options,

shafts can be easily customized to application speciﬁc

requirements including special end features. It is also

possible to orient an end feature (such as a ﬂatted

shaft) to cor respond with the optional index channel

output.When specifying a shaft length, measure the

distance from the encoder mounting surface to the

desired shaft end.Do not specify from the point

where the shaft exits the bushing.

Shaft Torque

Torque is an impor tant parameter sometimes

overlooked in the initial design phase.In panel

control (manual adjustment) applications, shaft

torque must be sufﬁcient to provide the proper “feel”

or to insure setting stability. Conversely, in some

position feedback and motor driven uses,it is

important that torque be minimized.

Torque specifications available from Bourns

Shaft Inter fac ing

A number of different techniques have been

developed for transmitting linear or rotar y motion

to an encoder. When selecting the appropriate

method, ty pical considerations are space,cost,

operating speed, side and end lo ading, accuracy and

cycle life.Choosing the optimum solution may

require some speciﬁcation compromises. For

example, a shaft coupling device chosen to minimize

side loading for long cycle life may not provide the

best system accuracy.

Shaft couplers are commercially available ﬂexible

couplers and can be the simplest means of directly

interfacing the encoder shaft with another shaft in

the system. Two impor tant performance

considerations for couplers are:

1) the accuracy with which rotar y motion is

transmitted to the encode r, (i.e., backlash of the

coupler) and

2) the ability to insulate the encoder from side and

end loading. Some commonly us ed ﬂexible

couplers are shown below.

Application Notes

Encoder Rotational Inertia

Style Description (g-cm2)

ENS Ball bearing 0.64 + 0.0102 x

1/4”dia.shaf t shaft length modiﬁer

ENT Ball bearing 0.15 + 0.0006 x

1/8”dia.shaf t shaft length modiﬁer

ENW Ball bearing 0.15 + 0.0006 x

1/8”dia.shaf t shaft length modiﬁer

servo (ﬂange)

mount

ENA Sleeve bearing 0.58 + 0.0102 x

1/4”dia.shaf t shaft length modiﬁer

ENC Sleeve bearing 0.15 + 0.0006 x

1/8”dia.shaf t shaft length modiﬁer

Standard Optional Optional

Models Torque Lo w Torque Low Torque

ENS,ENT, 0.05 oz.-in.typ. 0.01 oz.-in.min.(consult factor y)

ENW

ENA,ENC 0.75 oz.-in.typ. 0.10 oz.-in.min.10.0 oz.-in.max.

Belt and pulley arr angement can be used to transmit

rotary or linear motion to the encoder. Standard

timing belts or chains, round belts,w ire ﬁshing line,

etc., are commonly utilized.A pul ley or gear can be

mounted directly to the encoder shaft. In some cases

it is necessary to reduce heavy side loading created

by belt tension. Adding a separate pulley w ith

suitable bearings and connecting the pulley shaft to

the encoder with a ﬂexible coupling can accomplish

this.

Rack and pinion arrangement can easily tr ansmit

linear motion to the encoder. The pinion can be

attached directly onto the encoder shaft.

Other methods of interfacing encoder shafts are:

• Tubing or spr ings pressed onto the shafts

• Interlocking shafts

• Rubber wheels

• Flatted shafts and receptacles

• Gear transmission systems

When choosing an interfacing technique,remember

that the accuracy of the encoder w ill be no better

than the accuracy of the t ransmission system.

Typical Interface Circuits

The EN Series Optical Encoder may be used as a

manual input device for digitally controlled

equipment such as CAD/CAM systems,electronic

test equipment, medical electronics,

instrumentation, computer peripherals and machine

tools. Ty pical ly, the encoder drives an up/down

counter and is used to control one or more

functions. Common applications include motor

speed control, cursor control,frequency setting,

ampliﬁer gain adjustment and table positioning.

This device can also be used for position sensing

applications. In this case, a gear can be placed on the

encoder shaft allowing it to be interfaced w ith a

moving table, rotating shaft, stepping motor, etc.

Movement of the encoder shaft is translated into a 2-

bit quadrature signal, which (fed through a logic

circuit) allows the microprocessor to determine

changes in position.As a position feedback dev ice,

there are a wide variety of possible uses for an

optical encoder including machine tools,plotters,

automated storage systems and robotics.

Application Notes

The logic circuits in Figures 22 and 23 illustrate two

techniques for interfacing a quadrature output

encoder with a system’s microprocessor.

Figure 22: Typical Circuit for Producing Direction

(up/down) and Magnitude (count) Signals

Figure 23: Typical Circuit for Producing Count Up and

Count Down Signal

If necessary, r ise/fall times can be reduced using the

inverters as illustrated in Figure 24.

Figure 24: Circuit for Reducing Signal Rise/Fall Times

The ty pical sw itch time for the ASIC used in the EN

Series is 500 nanoseconds. In applications where

high-speed tr ansition times are encountered, voltage

spikes may cause a code output error. To eliminate

the voltage spikes, we suggest placing a 0.01mf

capacitor in the circuit between Vcc and GND.

Application Notes

PRODUCT SELECTION

GUIDES

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 41

Specifications 3700 3701 3750 3751

Package Diameter (inch) 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2

Physical Shape Round Round Round Round

Turns 10 11 12 13

Sealable Sealable to IP64 Sealable to IP64 N/A N/A

Color Blue Standard Standard Standard Standard

Black Optional Optional Optional Optional

Bushing Standard Standard N/A N/A

Mounting Servo N/A N/A Standard Standard

Snap in N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Metal Standard Standard Standard Standard

Material Plastic N/A N/A N/A N/A

Color Metal Metal Metal Metal

Standard Diameter in mm 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

Shaft Standard Diameter in inches 0.094 0.094 0.094 0.094

Dimensions Standard Length in mm 17.45 17.45 9.53 9.53

Standard Length in inches 0.687 0.687 0.375 0.375

Plastic Standard Diameter in mm N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Standard Diameter in inches N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Knurl Optional Optional Optional Optional

Features Rear Extension Optional Optional Optional Optional

Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Torque Starting & Running 0.6 oz.-in. max. 0.6 oz.-in. max. 0.5 oz.-in. max. 0.5 oz.-in. max.

Metal Standard Standard N/A N/A

Bushing Plastic N/A N/A N/A N/A

Split Locking N/A N/A N/A N/A

Wirewound Standard N/A Standard N/A

Element Hybritron®N/A Standard N/A Standard

Cermet N/A N/A N/A N/A

TR Tolerances ±5 % ±10 % ±5 % ±10 %

Maximum 3600 ° 3600 ° 3600 ° 3600 °

EEA Noise ENR 100 ohms max. N/A 100 ohms max. N/A

Output Smoothness N/A 0.10 % N/A 0.10 %

PC Pins Optional Optional Optional Optional

Solder Lug Standard Standard Standard Standard

Terminal Rear N/A N/A N/A N/A

Side Standard Standard Standard Standard

J-Hooks N/A N/A N/A N/A

Linear Standard Standard Standard Standard

Taper Linearity ±0.25 % ±0.25 % ±0.25 % ±0.25 %

Repeatability of Dial Readout N/A N/ A N/A N/ A

Multiturn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Multiturn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 3700 3701 3750 3751

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 100 1 K 100 1 K

Max. Resistance (ohms) 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K

Power Rating Watts 1 1 1 1

Life Rotational (No Load) 1 M 4 M 1 M 10 M

Ganging Available 1 1 1 1

Ball Bearings Optional Optional Optional Optional

Cabling/Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special Marking Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options A/R Pin Optional Optional N/A N/A

Special Linearity Optional Optional Optional Optional

Slip Clutch Optional Optional Optional Optional

Low Temp Lube Optional Optional Optional Optional

Center Tap Optional Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Quantity 50 50 50 50

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 100 100 100 100

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 43

Multiturn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 3590 3540 3541 3543 3545 3500/3501

Package Diameter (inch) 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8

Physical Shape Round Round Round Round Round Round

Turns 10 10 10 3 5 10

Sealable Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP65

Color Blue Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Black Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Bushing Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Mounting Servo Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Snap in N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Metal Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Material Plastic Standard N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Color Metal/Blue Metal Metal Metal Metal Metal

Shaft Standard Diameter in mm 6 6.34 6.34 6.34 6.34 6.34

Dimensions Standard Diameter in inches 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249

Standard Length in mm 20.62 20.62 20.62 20.62 20.62 20.62

Standard Length in inches 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812

Plastic Standard Diameter in mm 6 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Standard Diameter in inches 0.248 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Knurl N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Features Rear Extension N/A Optional Optional N/A N/A N/A

Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Torque Starting & Running 0.5 oz.-in. max. 0.6 oz.-in. max. 0.6 oz.-in. max. 0.5 oz.-in. max. 0.5 oz.-in. max. 0.6 oz.-in. max.

Metal Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Bushing Plastic Standard N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Split Locking N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Optional

Wirewound Standard Standard N/A Standard Standard Standard

Element Hybritron®N/A N/A Standard Optional Optional Standard

Cermet N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

TR Tolerances ±5 % ±5 % ±10 % ±5 % ±5 % ±3 %

Maximum 3600 ° 3600 ° 3600 ° 1080 ° 1800 ° 3600 °

EEA Noise ENR 100 ohms max. 100 ohms max. N/A 100 ohms max. 100 ohms max. 100 ohms max.

Output Smoothness N/A N/A 0.1 % N/A N/A 0.1 %

PC Pins Standard N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Solder Lug Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Terminal Rear N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Side Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

J-Hooks N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Linear Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Taper Linearity ±0.25 % ±0.25 % ±0.25 % ±0.25 % ±0.25 % ±0.2 %

Repeatability of Dial Readout N/A N /A N/A N/A N/A N/ A

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Multiturn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 3590 3540 3541 3543 3545 3500/3501

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 200 100 1 K 20 50 50

Max. Resistance (ohms) 100 K 100 K 100 K 50 K 100 K 200 K

Power Rating Watts 2.0 2 2 1 1.5 2

Life Rotational (No Load) 1 M 1 M 5 M 300 K 500 K 2 M

Multi-section 0 2 2 2 2 2

Ball Bearings N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Optional

Cabling/Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special Marking Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options A/R Pin Standard Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special Linearity Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Slip Clutch N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Low Temp Lube Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Center Tap Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Quantity 50 25 50 50 50 50

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 500 500 500 500 500 500

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 45

Specifications 3400 3600 3610 3680

Package Diameter (inch) 1-13/16 3/4 7/8 N/A

Physical Shape Round Round Round Square

Turns 10 1010N/A

Sealable Sealable to IP65 N/A N/A N/A

Color Blue Standard N/A N/A N/A

Black N/A Standard Standard Standard

Bushing Standard Standard N/A N/A

Mounting Servo Optional N/A N/A N/A

Snap in N/A N/A Standard Standard

Shaft Metal Standard Clock Face Digital Face Push Button

Material Plastic N/A N/A N/A N/A

Color Metal N/A N/A N/A

Standard Diameter in mm 6.34 N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Standard Diameter in inches 0.249 N/A N/A N/A

Dimensions Standard Length in mm 20.62 N/A N/A N/A

Standard Length in inches 0.812 N/A N/A N/A

Plastic Standard Diameter in mm N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Standard Diameter in inches N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Knurl Optional N/A N/A N/A

Features Rear Extension N/A N/A N/A N/A

Flatted Optional N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Torque Starting & Running 2.0 oz.-in. max. 4.0 oz.-in. 4.0 oz.-in. N/A

Metal Standard Clock Face Digital Face Push Button

Bushing Plastic N/A N/A N/A N/A

Split Locking N/A N/A N/A N/A

Wirewound Standard Standard Standard N/A

Element Hybritron®N/A N/A N/A N/A

Cermet N/A N/A N/A Standard

TR Tolerances ±3 % ±5 % ±5 % ±3 %

Maximum 3600 ° 3600 ° 3600 ° N/A

EEA Noise ENR 100 ohms max. 100 ohms max. 100 ohms max. N/A

Output Smoothness N/A N/A N/A 0.1 %

PC Pins N/A N/A N/A N/A

Solder Lug Standard N/A N/A Standard

Terminal Rear N/A Standard Standard Standard

Side Standard N/A N/A N/A

J-Hooks N/A Standard Standard N/A

Linear Standard Standard Standard Standard

Taper Linearity ±0.15 % ±0.5 % ±0.5 % ±1 %

Repeatability of Dial Readout N/A .1 % VR ±5 % VR N/A

Multiturn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Multiturn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 3400 3600 3610 3680

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 100 100 100 50

Max. Resistance (ohms) 500 K 100 K 100 K 1 M

Power Rating Watts 5 1.5 1.5 2

Life Rotational (No Load) 2 M 200 K 50 K 75 K

Multi-section 2 0 0 5

Ball Bearings Optional N/A N/A N/A

Cabling/Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special Marking Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options A/R Pin N/A Standard N/A N/A

Special Linearity Optional N/A N/A N/A

Slip Clutch Optional N/A N/A N/A

Low Temp Lube Optional Optional Optional N/A

Center Tap Optional N/A N/A N/A

Order Min. Order Quantity 25 50 50 50

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 500 500 500 500

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications 3435 6534 6537 6538 6539

Package Diameter (inch) 1-1/16 7/8 7/8 7/8 BB 7/8

Physical Shape Round Round Round Round Round

Turns 1 1111

Sealable N/A Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61

Blue Standard N/A N/A N/A N/A

Color Black N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Aluminum Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Mounting Bushing Standard N/A N/A N/A N/A

Servo N/A Standard Standard Standard Standard

Metal Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Plastic N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Color Metal Metal Metal Metal Metal

Standard Diameter in mm 3.17 3.17 3.17 3.17 3.17

Shaft Standard Diameter in inches 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125

Standard Length in mm 22.23 12.7 12.7 12.7 9.53

Standard Length in inches 0.875 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.375

Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

O-ring Shaft Seal Optional N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Torque Starting & Running 0.2 oz.-in. 0.25 oz.-in. 0.5 oz.-in. 0.5 oz.-in. 0.5 oz.-in.

Metal Standard N/A N/A N/A N/A

Bushing Modifications Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Double Flatted Optional N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shorter Optional N/A N/A N/A N/A

Conductive Plastic N/A Standard Standard Standard Standard

Wirewound Standard N/A N/A N/A N/A

Element Total Resistance Tolerances ±3 % ±10 % ±10 % ±10 % ±15 %

Effective Electrical Angle 350 ° 320 ° 340 ° 340 ° 340 °

Output Smoothness (OPS) N/A 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 %

PC Pins N/A N/A Optional Optional Optional

Terminal Solder Lug Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Rear N/A N/A Standard Standard Standard

Side Standard Standard N/A N/A N/A

Linear Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Taper Linearity, Standard 0.50 % 0.50 % ±1 % ±1 % ±2 %

Special Linearity 0.25 % N/A 0.50 % 0.50 % 0.50 %

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Single-Turn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 47

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Single-Turn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 3435 6534 6537 6538 6539

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 50 1 K 1 K 1 K 1 K

Max. Resistance (ohms) 50 K 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K

Power Rating Power-Linear (watts) 1.5 1 1 1 1

Life Rotational (No Load) 2 M 25 M 10 M 20 M 10 M

Multiple section 8 4 N/A N/A N/A

Ball Bearings N/A Standard Optional Standard Optional

Front Bearing Standard Standard Optional Standard Optional

Rear Bearing Standard Standard Optional Standard Optional

A/R Pin N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Special Orientation @ Contact Spring N /A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options Low Temp Lube -40 °C Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Center Tap (Current) Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Cable/Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Marking Label Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special EEA Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special OPS on Shorter EEA N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Quantity 25 50 50 50 50

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 500 500 500 500 500

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 49

Specifications 6639 6637 6638 6657 6574 6674

Package Diameter (inch) 7/8 7/8 7/8 1-5/16 2 2

Physical Shape Round Round Round Round Round Round

Turns 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sealable Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP64 Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP64 Sealable to IP64

Blue Standard Standard N/A Standard N/A N/A

Color Black Optional Optional N/A Optional N/A N/A

Aluminum N/A N/A Standard N/A Standard Standard

Mounting Bushing Standard Standard Standard Standard N/A Standard

Servo N/A N/A N/A N/A Standard N/A

Metal Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Plastic Optional N/A N/A Optional N/A N/A

Color Metal Metal Metal Metal Metal N/A

Shaft Standard Diameter in mm 6.34 3.17 3.17 6.34 6.34 6.34

Standard Diameter in inches 0.249 0.125 0.125 0.249 0.249 0.249

Standard Length in mm 22.23 22.23 22.23 22.23 15.9 22.23

Standard Length in inches 0.875 0.875 0.875 0.875 0.625 0.875

Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

O-ring Shaft Seal Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A Optional

Shaft Torque Starting & Running 0.5 oz.-in. 0.5 oz.-in. 0.25 oz.-in. 0.5 oz.-in. 0.75 oz.-in. 0.75 oz.-in.

Metal Standard Standard Standard Standard N/A Standard

Bushing Modifications Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Double Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A Optional

Shorter Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A Optional

Conductive Plastic Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Element Total Resistance Tolerances ±15 % ±10 % ±10 % ±10 % ±10 % ±10 %

Effective Electrical Angle 340 ° 340 ° 340 ° 340 ° 350 ° 350 °

Output Smoothness (OPS) 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 %

PC Pins Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A N/A

Terminal Solder Lug Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Rear Standard Standard Standard Standard N/A N/A

Side N/A N/A N/A N/A Standard Standard

Linear Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Taper Linearity, Standard ±2 % ±1 % ±1 % ±1 % 0.25 % 0.25 %

Special Linearity 0.50 % 0.50 % 0.50 % 0.50 % N/A N/A

Single-Turn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Single-Turn Precision Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 6639 6637 6638 6657 6574 6674

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 1 K 1 K 1 K 1 K 1 K 1 K

Max. Resistance (ohms) 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K

Power Rating Power-Linear (watts) 1 1 1 1 2 2

Life Rotational (No Load) 10 M 10 M 20 M 10 M 25 M 25 M

Multiple section N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 10

Ball Bearings Optional Optional Standard Optional Standard Standard

Front Bearing Optional Optional Standard Optional Standard Standard

Rear Bearing Optional Optional Standard Optional Standard Standard

A/R Pin Optional Optional N/A Optional N/A N/A

Special Orientation @ Contact Spring Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options Low Temp Lube -40 °C Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Center Tap (Current) Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Cable/Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Marking Label Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special EEA Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special OPS on Shorter EEA Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Quantity 50 50 50 50 25 25

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 500 500 500 500 500 500

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications 3310 39 3862

Package Diameter 9 mm 1/2 inch 1/2 inch

Shape Square Round Round

Physical Turns 1 1 1

Sealable Sealable to IP67 Sealable to IP64 Sealable to IP65

Detents N/A N/A N/A

Metal Shaft N/A Standard Standard

Plastic Shaft Standard N/A N/A

Shaft Standard Diameter in mm 3.15 4.9 6.0, 4.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.125 0.193 0.250, 0.125

Shaft Color White Metal Metal

Metal Bushing Standard Standard Standard

Plastic Bushing Standard N/A N/A

Bushing No Bushing Standard N/A N/A

Locking Bushing N/A N/A Standard

Standard Diameter in mm 6.35 6.0, 4.9 10.0, 7.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.250 0.250 0.375, 0.250

Conductive Plastic Standard Standard N/A

Element Cermet N/A N/A Standard

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A

Hybritron®N/A N/A N/A

J-Hooks N/A N/A Standard

PC Pins Standard Standard Standard

Terminal Solder Lug N/A N/A N/A

Rear Standard Standard Standard

Forward Facing N/A N/A N/A

Side Standard N/A N/A

Linear Cermet ±10 % N/A N/A Standard

Linear Cermet ±5 % N/A N/A Optional

Linear CP ±20 % Standard Standard N/A

Linear CP ±10 % N/A N/A N/A

CW Audio Cermet ±10 % N/A N/A N/A

Taper CCW Audio Cermet ±10 % N/A N/A N/A

CW Audio CP ±20 % Optional Optional N/A

CW Audio CP ±10 % N/A N/A N/A

CCW Audio CP ±20 % Optional Optional N/A

CCW Audio CP ±10 % N/A N/A N/A

Linear Wirewound N/A N/A N/A

Independent Linearity ±5 % ±5 % ±5 %

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 1 K 5 K 100

Max. Resistance (ohms) 1 M 100 K 1 M

Power-Linear Cermet (watts) N/A N/A 1.0

Power Power-Linear CP (watts) 0.25 0.25 N/A

Rating Power-Audio Cermet (watts) N/A N/A N/A

Power-Audio CP (watts) N/A 0.125 N/A

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A

Life Rotational (No Load) 50 K 50 K 50 K

Switch Rotary Switch Available Standard Standard N/A

Push Momentary Switch N/A Standard N/A

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 51

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 3310 39 3862

Multi-section 2 N/A N/A

Anti-rotation lug Optional Optional Standard

Shaft End Features Optional N/A Optional

Shaft Flat Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Length Variations Optional Optional Optional

Maximum 2 inches (50 mm) N/A N/A N/A

Dual Concentric Shaft N/A N/A N/A

Electrical Angle Variations Optional Optional Optional

Terminal Length Variations Optional Optional Optional

Surface Mount N/A N/A N/A

Torque Optional Optional Optional

Wire Harness N/A Optional Optional

Special Connectors N/A N/A Optional

Options Extra Hardware Optional Optional Optional

Mounting Bracket N/A N/A N/A

Extended Life N/A N/A N/A

Bushing Styles Optional Optional Optional

Flatted N/A Optional Optional

Double Flatted N/A Optional Optional

Marking Optional Optional Optional

Servo Mount N/A N/A N/A

Low Temperature (-40 °C) Optional Optional Optional

Continuous Tur n N/A N/A N/A

Center Detent N/A N/A N/A

Multiple Detents N/A N/A N/A

Center Tap Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Qty - 1 & 2 cup 100 1,000 500

Guidelines Min. Order Qty - 3+ cups N/A N/A N/A

Min. Special Order Quantity 1,000 1,000 1,000

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 53

Specifications 51 52 53

Package Diameter (inch) 1/2 1/2 1/2

Shape Square Square Square

Physical Turns 1 1 1

Sealable Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP65

Detents Optional Optional Optional

Metal Shaft Standard Standard Standard

Plastic Shaft N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Standard Diameter in mm 6.0, 4.0, 3.0 6.0, 4.0, 3.0 6.0, 4.0, 3.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125

Shaft Color Metal Metal Metal

Metal Bushing Standard Standard Standard

Plastic Bushing N/A N/A N/A

Bushing No Bushing N/A N/A N/A

Locking Bushing N/A N/A N/A

Standard Diameter in mm 10.0, 7.0, 6.0 10.0, 7.0, 6.0 10.0, 7.0, 6.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250

Conductive Plastic Standard Standard Standard

Element Cermet Standard Standard Standard

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A

Hybritron®N/A N/A N/A

J-Hooks N/A N/A N/A

PC Pins Standard Standard N/A

Terminal Solder Lug N/A N/A Standard

Rear Optional Optional N/A

Forward Facing N/A N/A N/A

Side Standard Standard Standard

Linear Cermet ±10 % Standard Standard Standard

Linear Cermet ±5 % Optional Optional Optional

Linear CP ±20 % Standard Standard Standard

Linear CP ±10 % Optional Optional Optional

CW Audio Cermet ±10 % Optional Optional Optional

Taper CCW Audio Cermet ±10 % Optional Optional Optional

CW Audio CP ±20 % Standard Standard Standard

CW Audio CP ±10 % Optional Optional Optional

CCW Audio CP ±20 % Optional Optional Optional

CCW Audio CP ±10 % Optional Optional Optional

Linear Wirewound N/A N/A N/A

Independent Linearity ±10 % ±10 % ±10 %

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 150 150 150

Max. Resistance (ohms) 1 M 1 M 1 M

Power-Linear Cermet (watts) 1.0 1.0 0.5

Power Power-Linear CP (watts) 0.5 0.5 0.5

Rating Power-Audio Cermet (watts) 0.5 0.5 0.5

Power-Audio CP (watts) 0.25 0.25 0.25

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A

Life Rotational (No Load) 25 K or 50 K 25 K or 50 K 25 K or 50 K

Switch Rotary Switch Available N/A N/A N/A

Push Momentary Switch N/A N/A N/A

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 51 52 53

Multi-section 6 6 6

Anti-rotation lug Optional Optional Optional

Shaft End Features Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Flat Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Length Variations Optional Optional Optional

Maximum 2 inches (50 mm) Optional Optional Optional

Dual Concentric Shaft Optional Optional Optional

Electrical Angle Variations Optional Optional Optional

Terminal Length Variations Optional Optional N/A

Surface Mount N/A N/A N/A

Torque Optional Optional Optional

Wire Harness Optional Optional Optional

Special Connectors Optional Optional Optional

Options Extra Hardware Optional Optional Optional

Mounting Bracket Optional Optional Optional

Extended Life N/A N/A N/A

Bushing Styles Optional Optional Optional

Flatted Optional Optional Optional

Double Flatted Optional Optional Optional

Marking Optional Optional Optional

Servo Mount Optional Optional Optional

Low Temperature (-40 °C) Optional Optional Optional

Continuous Tur n N/A N/A N/A

Center Detent Standard Standard Standard

Multiple Detents N/A N/A N/A

Center Tap Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Qty - 1 & 2 cup 500 500 500

Guidelines Min. Order Qty - 3+ cups 250 250 250

Min. Special Order Quantity 1,000 1,000 1,000

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 55

Specifications 81 82 83 84 85 86

Package Diameter (inch) 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8

Shape Square Square Square Square Square Square

Physical Turns 1 1 10 10 1 1

Sealable Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61

Detents N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Metal Shaft Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Plastic Shaft N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Standard Diameter in mm 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125

Shaft Color Metal Metal Metal Metal Metal Metal

Metal Bushing Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Plastic Bushing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Bushing No Bushing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Locking Bushing Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Standard Diameter in mm 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250

Conductive Plastic Standard Standard N/A N/A Standard Standard

Element Cermet Standard Standard N/A N/A Standard Standard

Wirewound N/A N/A Standard Standard N/A N/A

Hybritron®N/A N/A Standard Standard N/A N/A

J-Hooks N/A Standard N/A N/A N/A Standard

PC Pins Standard N/A Standard N/A Standard N/A

Terminal Solder Lug N/A N/A N/A Standard N/A N/A

Rear N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Forward Facing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Side Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Linear Cermet ±10 % Standard Standard N/A N/A Standard Standard

Linear Cermet ±5 % Optional Optional N/A N/A Optional Optional

Linear CP ±20 % Standard Standard N/A N/A Standard Standard

Linear CP ±10 % Optional Optional N/A N/A Optional Optional

CW Audio Cermet ±10 % Optional Optional N/A N/A Optional Optional

Taper CCW Audio Cermet ±10 % Optional Optional N/A N/A Optional Optional

CW Audio CP ±20 % Standard Standard N/A N/A Standard Standard

CW Audio CP ±10 % Optional Optional N/A N/A Optional Optional

CCW Audio CP ±20 % Optional Optional N/A N/A Optional Optional

CCW Audio CP ±10 % Optional Optional N/A N/A Optional Optional

Linear Wirewound N/A N/A Standard Standard N/A N/A

Independent Linearity ±5 % ±5 % ±0.25 % ±0.25 % ±5 % ±5 %

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 50 50 200 200 50 50

Max. Resistance (ohms) 1 M 1 M 100 K 100 K 1 M 1 M

Power-Linear Cermet (watts) 2.0 2.0 N/A N/A 2.0 2.0

Power Power-Linear CP (watts) 1.0 1.0 N/A N/A 1.0 1.0

Rating Power-Audio Cermet (watts) 1.0 1.0 N/A N/A 1.0 1.0

Power-Audio CP (watts) 0.5 0.5 N/A N/A 0.5 0.5

Wirewound N/A N/A 1.0 1.0 N/A N/A

Life Rotational (No Load) 100 K 100 K 1 M 4 M 25 K 25 K

Switch Rotary Switch Available N/A N/A N/A N/A Standard Standard

Push Momentary Switch N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Specifications 81 82 83 84 85 86

Multi-section 4 4 3 3 4 4

Anti-rotation lug Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft End Features Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Flat Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Length Variations Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Maximum 2 inches (50 mm) Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Dual Concentric Shaft Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Electrical Angle Variations Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Terminal Length Variations Optional N/A Optional N/A Optional N/A

Surface Mount N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Torque Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Wire Harness Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options Extra Hardware Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Mounting Bracket N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Extended Life Optional Optional N/A N/A N/A N/A

Bushing Styles Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Double Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Marking Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Servo Mount Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Low Temperature (-40 °C) Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Continuous Tur n Optional Optional N/A N/A N/A N/A

Center Detent N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Multiple Detents N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Center Tap Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Qty - 1 & 2 cup 500 500 250 250 250 250

Guidelines Min. Order Qty - 3+ cups 250 250 100 100 N/A N/A

Min. Special Order Quantity 1,000 1,000 500 500 1,000 1,000

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 57

Specifications 91 92 93 94 95 96 99

Package Diameter (inch) 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8

Shape Square Square Square Square Square Square Square

Physical Turns 1111 111

Sealable Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP61 Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP61

Detents N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Metal Shaft Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A

Plastic Shaft Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Shaft Standard Diameter in mm 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125

Shaft Color Blue Blue Blue Blue Blue Blue Blue

Metal Bushing Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Plastic Bushing Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Bushing No Bushing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Locking Bushing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Standard Diameter in mm 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250

Conductive Plastic Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Element Cermet Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hybritron®N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

J-Hooks N/A In-Line N/A L-Pattern N/A N/A N/A

PC Pins In-Line N/A L-Pattern N/A N/A In-Line N/A

Terminal Solder Lug N/A N/A N/A N/A Triangle-Pattern N/A Triangle Patter n

Rear Optional N/A N/A N/A N/A Optional N/A

Forward Facing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Side Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Linear Cermet ±10 % Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Linear Cermet ±5 % Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Linear CP ±20 % Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Linear CP ±10 % Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

CW Audio Cermet ±10 % Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Taper CCW Audio Cermet ±10 % Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

CW Audio CP ±20 % Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

CW Audio CP ±10 % Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

CCW Audio CP ±20 % Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

CCW Audio CP ±10 % Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Linear Wirewound N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Independent Linearity ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 %

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Max. Resistance (ohms) 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M

Power-Linear Cermet (watts) 2.0 2 .0 2.0 2.0 2. 0 2.0 2.0

Power Power-Linear CP (watts) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Rating Power-Audio Cermet (watts) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 .0 1.0

Power-Audio CP (watts) 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Life Rotational (No Load) 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K 100 K

Switch Rotary Switch Available N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Standard

Push Momentary Switch N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Specifications 91 92 93 94 95 96 99

Multi-section 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Anti-rotation lug Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft End Features Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Flat Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Length Variations Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Maximum 2 inches (50 mm) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Dual Concentric Shaft N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Electrical Angle Variations Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Terminal Length Variations Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A Optional N/A

Surface Mount N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Torque Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Wire Harness Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options Extra Hardware Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Mounting Bracket Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A

Extended Life Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Bushing Styles Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Double Flatted Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Marking Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Servo Mount N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Low Temperature (-40 °C) Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Continuous Tur n Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Center Detent N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Multiple Detents N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Center Tap Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Qty - 1 & 2 cup 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

Guidelines Min. Order Qty - 3+ cups N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Min. Special Order Quantity 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 59

Specifications 3851 3852 3856 PC

Package Diameter (inch) 3/4 3/4 3/4 7/8

Shape Round Round Round Square

Physical Turns113-3/4 1

Sealable Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP65 Sealable to IP65 N/A

Detents N/A N/A N/A Optional

Metal Shaft Standard Standard Standard N/A

Plastic Shaft N/A N/A N/A Standard

Shaft Standard Diameter in mm 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 6.0, 4.0 N/A

Standard Diameter in inches 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.125 0.250, 0.187

Shaft Color Metal Metal Metal Black

Metal Bushing Standard Standard Standard N/A

Plastic Bushing N/A N/A N/A Standard

Bushing No Bushing N/A N/A N/A N/A

Locking Bushing Standard Standard Standard N/A

Standard Diameter in mm 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 10.0, 7.0 9.0

Standard Diameter in inches 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 0.375, 0.250 N/A

Conductive Plastic Standard N/A N/A Standard

Element Cermet N/A Standard Standard N/A

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A N/A

Hybritron®N/A N/A N/A N/A

J-Hooks N/A N/A N/A N/A

PC Pins Standard Standard Standard Standard

Terminal Solder Lug Standard Standard Standard Standard

Rear Optional Optional Optional Standard

Forward Facing Optional Optional Optional Optional

Side Standard Standard Standard Standard

Linear Cermet ±10 % N/A Standard Standard N/A

Linear Cermet ±5 % N/A Optional Optional N/A

Linear CP ±20 % N/A N/A N/A Standard

Linear CP ±10 % Optional N/A N/A N/A

CW Audio Cermet ±10 % N/A Optional Optional N/A

Taper CCW Audio Cermet ±10 % N/A Optional Optional N/A

CW Audio CP ±20 % Optional N/A N/A Optional

CW Audio CP ±10 % Optional N/A N/A N/A

CCW Audio CP ±20 % Optional N/A N/A Optional

CCW Audio CP ±10 % N/A N/A N/A N/A

Linear Wirewound N/A N/A N/A N/A

Independent Linearity ±10 % ±10 % ±10 % ±5 %

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 1 K 100 100 500

Max. Resistance (ohms) 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M

Power-Linear Cermet (watts) N/A 2.0 2.0 N/A

Power Power-Linear CP (watts) 1.0 N/A N/A 0.75

Rating Power-Audio Cermet (watts) N/A 1.0 1.0 N/A

Power-Audio CP (watts) 0.5 N/A N/A 0.25

Wirewound N/A N/A N/A N/A

Life Rotational (No Load) 100 K 50 K 50 K 50 K

Switch Rotary Switch Available N/A N/A N/A N/A

Push Momentary Switch N/A N/A N/A N/A

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Specifications 3851 3852 3856 PC

Multi-section N/A N/A N/A N/A

Anti-rotation lug Standard Standard Standard Optional

Shaft End Features Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Flat Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Length Variations Optional Optional Optional Optional

Maximum 2 inches (50 mm) Optional Optional Optional N/A

Dual Concentric Shaft N/A N/A N/A N/A

Electrical Angle Variations Optional Optional Optional Optional

Terminal Length Variations Optional Optional Optional Optional

Surface Mount N/A N/A N/A N/A

Torque Optional Optional Optional Optional

Wire Harness Optional Optional Optional Optional

Special Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options Extra Hardware Optional Optional Optional Optional

Mounting Bracket N/A N/A N/A Optional

Extended Life N/A N/A N/A Optional

Bushing Styles Optional Optional Optional Optional

Flatted Optional Optional Optional N/A

Double Flatted Optional Optional Optional N/A

Marking Optional Optional Optional Optional

Servo Mount N/A N/A N/A N/A

Low Temperature (-40 °C) Optional Optional Optional Optional

Continuous Tur n N/A N/A N/A N/A

Center Detent N/A N/A N/A Standard

Multiple Detents N/A N/A N/A Standard

Center Tap Optional Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Qty - 1 & 2 cup 500 500 500 1,000

Guidelines Min. Order Qty - 3+ cups N/A N/A N/A N/A

Min. Special Order Quantity 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Panel Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications PTV09 PTD90/PTR90 PTV111/PTT111 PDB12 PTV142

Package Diameter (mm) 9 9 12 12 14

Shape Square Square Square Round Square

Physical Turns 1 1111

Sealable No No No No No

Detents Center Center Center Center Center

Metal Shaft N/A Standard N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Plastic Shaft Standard N/A Standard Standard Standard

Standard Diameter in mm 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Shaft Color Black Metal Black Black Black

Metal Bushing Optional Standard Standard Optional Standard

Bushing No Bushing Standard N/A Standard Standard Standard

Locking Bushing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Standard Diameter in mm N/A M7x0.75 M9x0.75 N/A M9x0.75

Element Carbon Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

PC Pins Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Terminal Rear Standard N/A Standard Standard Standard

Forward Facing N/A N/A N/A Optional N/A

Side Standard Optional Standard Standard Standard

Linear ±20 % Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Taper Audio ±20 % Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Independent Linearity ±20 % ±20 % ±20 % ±20 % ±20 %

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 1 K 1 K 1 K 1 K 1 K

Max. Resistance (ohms) 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M

Power Power-Linear (watts) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5

Rating Power-Audio (watts) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.5

Life Rotational (No Load) 10 K 10 K 10 K 15 K 15 K

Switch Rotary Switch Available N/A Standard N/A N/A N/A

Multi-Section N/A 8 N/A 2 2

Shaft End Features Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Flat Standard Optional Standard Standard Standard

Special Shaft Length Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Options Pin Length Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Torque Optional Optional Optional N/A Optional

Extra Hardware Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Mounting Bracket Optional N/A Optional Optional Optional

Low Temperature (-40 °C) Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Center Tap N/A N/A Standard N/A N/A

Order Min. Order Quantity 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000

Commercial Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 61

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Specifications PDA17 PDB18 PDV PTA PTB

Package Diameter (mm) 17 12 10-30 15-60 45-100

Shape Round Round Slide Slide Slide

Physical Turns 1 1111

Sealable No No No Dust Cover Dust Cover

Detents N/A Optional Center Center Center

Metal Shaft N/A Standard Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Plastic Shaft Standard N/A Optional Optional Optional

Standard Diameter in mm 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Shaft Color Black Metal White White White

Metal Bushing Standard Standard N/A N/A N/A

Bushing No Bushing N/A N/A Standard Standard Standard

Locking Bushing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Standard Diameter in mm M7x0.75 M7x0.75 N/A N/A N/A

Element Carbon Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

PC Pins Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Terminal Rear Standard Optional Optional Optional Optional

Forward Facing Optional Optional N/A N/A N/A

Side Standard Standard N/A N/A N/A

Linear ±20 % Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Taper Audio ±20 % Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

Independent Linearity ±20 % ±20 % ±20 % ±20 % ±20 %

Resistance Min. Resistance (ohms) 1 K 1 K 1 K 1 K 1 K

Max. Resistance (ohms) 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 M

Power Power-Linear (watts) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.125

Rating Power-Audio (watts) 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.025

Life Rotational (No Load) 15 K 15 K 10 K 15 K 15 K

Switch Rotary Switch Available Standard N/A N/A N/A N/A

Multi-Section N/A 2 N/A N/A N/A

Shaft End Features Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Flat Optional Optional N/A N/A N/A

Special Shaft Length Optional Optional N/A N/A N/A

Options Pin Length Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Torque N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Extra Hardware N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Mounting Bracket N/A Optional N/A N/A N/A

Low Temperature (-40 °C) Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Center Tap N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Order Min. Order Quantity 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000

Commercial Controls Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications 3315 ES EPS ECW EAW EN

Package (LxW) 0.375 mm x 0.874 x 1.061 0.874 x 1.122 0.940 x 1.10 0.835 x 0.625

without Shaft Length 0.375 mm .78 ” square x 0.496 ” x 0.585 ” x 0.596 ” x 0.73 ”

Physical Sealable Sealable to IP67 N/A N/A N/A N/A Sealable to IP65

Switch Available N/A N/A Standard N/A N/A N/A

Detents N/A 12, 24 24 0, 12, 24, 36 30, 36 N/A

Material Plastic N/A Plastic Plastic Plastic Stainless Steel

Shaft Standard Diameter in inches 0.125 N/A N/A 0.250, 0.187 0.250 0.250, 0.125

Standard Diameter in mm 3.18, 2.39 flatted N/A 4.8 6.0 6.0 N/A

Shaft Length (FMS) 5.59 mm;

12.7 mm; N/A 15.2 mm 1/2 ” to 1-1/8 ” 3/4 ” 1/2 ” to 7/8 ”

19.05 mm 19, 22 & 24 mm

(w/bushing)

Material Plastic; Plastic Plastic Plastic Plastic Aluminum;

Plated Brass Ni-Plated Brass

Bushing Standard Diameter in inches 0.250 0.375 N/A N/A N/A 0.375; 0.250

Standard Diameter in mm 6.35 9.52 9.0 9.0 9.0 N/A

5 Pin or Cables

Terminal Configuration 3 Pin 3 Pin 5 Pin 3 Pin 10 Pin with & without

connector

Incremental Incremental Incremental Incremental Incremental,

2-bit gray code, 2-bit gray code, 2-bit gray code, 2-bit gray code, Absolute, 2-bit quadrature

Output Type quadrature quadrature quadrature quadrature unique gray output,

output output output output code output Index channel

optional

6, 16 6, 9, 12, 24 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 30, 36, 128 25, 50, 64, 100,

Resolution (pulses per rev.) ppr ppr ppr ppr ppr 125, 128, 200,

256 ppr

200 RPM std.

Rotational Speed (max.) 120 RPM 120 RPM 120 RPM 120 RPM 120 RPM 3000 RPM w/

Ball Bearing

Operational Oper. Temperature Range -55 °C to +125 °C +1 °C to +125 °C -40 °C to +85 °C +1 ° C t o +125 °C +1 °C to +125 °C -40 °C to +85 °C

Information Rise/Fall Times N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 ns

Contact Bounce (max.) 5 milliseconds 5 milliseconds 5 milliseconds 5 milliseconds 2.7 milliseconds N/A

Contact Rating 10 mA @ 10 VDC 10 mA @ 10 VDC 10 mA @ 10 VDC 10 mA @ 10 VDC 10 mA @ 10 VDC 26 mA @ 5 VDC

or 0.1 watt max. or 0.1 watt max. or 0.1 watt max. or 0.1 watt max. or 0.1 watt max. or 0.1 watt max.

Mounting Torque 4.0 lbs.-in. max. 7 lbs.-in. max. 7 lbs.-in. max. 7 lbs.-in. max. 7 lbs.-in. max. 15-18

lbs.-in. max.

Running Torque 5 oz.-in max. N/A 0.75 to 2.25 0.75 to 2.25 0.75 to 2.25 0.1 to 1.5

oz.-in. oz.-in. oz.-in. oz.-in.

10 million std.

Life Rotational Life (shaft revs.) 25,000 @ 16 ppr 200,000 200,000 200,000 50,000 200 million w/

100,000 @ 6 ppr Ball Bearing

Shaft End Features N/A N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Shaft Length 1 in. or longer N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Optional

Shaft Flat Optional N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Anti-rotation lug Optional N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Extra Hardware Optional N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Servo Mount N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Optional

Ball Bearing version N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Optional

Special Index Channel (up to 128 ppr) N/A N/A N/A N / A N/ A Optional

Options PC Mounting Bracket N/A N/A N/A Optional Optional Optional

Pin Length N/A N/A Optional Optional Optional Optional

Terminal Configuration Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Cabling/Connectors Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Low Temperature Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Marking Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Custom Resolution Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional

Order Min. Order Quantity 100 270 135 135 135 50

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 1,000 990 990 990 990 500

Industrial Encoders Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 63

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Specifications PEC11 PEC12 PEC16

Package (LxW in mm)

without Shaft Length 12.5 x 13.2 mm 12.4 x 13.2 mm 16 x 12.5 mm

Physical Sealable N/A N/A N/A

Switch Available Standard Standard Standard

Detents 18, 24 12, 24 12, 24

Material Zinc Plastic Plastic

Shaft Standard Diameter in inches N/A 0.250 0.250

Standard Diameter in mm 6.0 6.0 6.0

Shaft Length (FMS) 15, 20, 25, 30 mm 15, 20, 25 mm 17.5, 20, 22.5,

25, 30 mm

Material Zinc N/A Zinc

Bushing Standard Diameter in inches N/A N/A N/A

Standard Diameter in mm M7 N/A M9

Terminal Configuration 3, 5 Pin 3, 5 Pin 3, 5 Pin

Incremental Incremental Incremental

Output Type 2-bit gray code, 2-bit gray code, 2-bit gray code,

quadrature output quadrature output quadrature output

Resolution (pulses per rev.) 12, 18, 24 ppr 12, 24 ppr 12, 24 ppr

Rotational Speed (max.) 60 RPM 100 RPM 100 RPM

Operational Oper. Temperature Range -30 °C to +70 °C -10 °C to +70 °C -10 °C to +70 °C

Information Rise/Fall Times N/A N/A N/A

Contact Bounce (max.) 5 milliseconds 5 milliseconds 5 milliseconds

Contact Rating 1 mA @ 5 VDC 1 mA @ 5 VDC 1 mA @ 5 VDC

Mounting Torque 10.2 kgf maximum N/A 10.2 kgf maximum

Running Torque 50 to 200 gf-cm 30.6 to 204 g-cm 30.6 to 204 g-cm

Life Rotational Life (shaft revs.) 30,000 30,000 100,000

Shaft End Features N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Length 1 in. or longer N/A N/A N/A

Shaft Flat Optional Optional Optional

Anti-rotation lug Optional Optional Optional

Extra Hardware Optional Optional Optional

Servo Mount N/A N/A N/A

Ball Bearing version N/A N/A N/A

Special Index Channel (up to 128 ppr) N/ A N /A N/A

Options PC Mounting Bracket N/A N/A N/A

Pin Length N/A N/A N/A

Terminal Configuration Optional Optional Optional

Cabling/Connectors Optional Optional Optional

Low Temperature Optional Optional Optional

Marking N/A N/A N/A

Custom Resolution N/A N/A N/A

Order Min. Order Quantity 1,000 1,000 1,000

Guidelines Min. Special Order Quantity 50,000 50,000 50,000

Commercial Encoders Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications H-22 H-23 H-46 H-490

Turns 0-15 0-15 0-20 0-30

Readout Concentric Scale Concentric Scale Concentric Scale Concentric Scale

Physical Package Diameter (mm) 22 22 46 25.4

Depth (mm) 24 25 25 23

Division/Turn 50 50 100 100

Weight 15 g 15 g 73 g 1/4 oz.

Shaft H-22-6A: 1/4 ” H-23-6A: 1/4 ” H-46-6A: 1/4 ” H-493-2: 1/8 ”

Dimensions Part No./Shaft Diameter H-22-6M: 6 mm H-23-6M: 6 mm H-46-6M: 6 mm H-494-2: 1/8 ”

H-22-3A: 1/8 ” H-23-3A: 1/8 ” H-491-3: 1/4 ”

H-492-3: 1/4 ”

H-493-3: 1/4 ”

H-494-3: 1/4 ”

H-492-2: 1/4 ”

3540S 3540S 3540S 3540S

POT/ 3541H 3541H 3541H 3541H

Dial Bourns Matching POTS 3543S 3543S 3543S 3543S

Selection 3545S 3545S 3545S 3545S

3590S 3590S 3590S 3590S

Turns-Counting Dials Product Selection Guide

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications H-506 H-550 CT-23 CT-26

Turns 0-15 0-11 0-10 0-10

Readout Concentric Scale Concentric Scale Digital Digital

Physical Package Diameter (mm) 22 46 27 28

Depth (mm) 25 25 31.5 31.5

Division/Turn 50 100 500 500

Weight 7 g 13 g 34 g 34 g

Shaft H-506-1/4: 1/4 ” H-550-6A: 1/4 ” CT-23-6A: 1/4 ” CT-26-6A: 1/4 ”

Dimensions Part No./Shaft Diameter H-506-6M: 6 mm H-550-6A-1: 1/4 ” CT-23-6M: 6 mm CT-26-6M: 6 mm

3540S 3540S 3540S 3540S

POT/ 3541H 3541H 3541H 3541H

Dial Bourns Matching POTS 3543S 3543S 3543S 3543S

Selection 3545S 3545S 3545S 3545S

3590S 3590S 3590S 3590S

Reliable Electronic Solutions

Specifications are subject to change without notice. 65

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Hardware Selection Guide

Panel control mounting hardware is determined by bushing style. The "X" in the bushing style column indicates what hardware is used

with the bushing. Hardware indicated by a shaded area is normally supplied with unit. Other hardware may be ordered separately.

Hardware may be bulk packaged or individually packaged with units, depending on the model.

Bushing Style and Dimension

ABCEFJLUNR

Part Number 3/8 ” locking, 1/4 ” locking, 1/4 ” 3/8 ” 9 mm 7 mm 1/4 ” 10 mm

and Description dia. 3/8 ” dia. dia. 1/4 ” dia. dia. dia. dia. dia. dia. dia.

H-36-1 Flat Washer X X X X

H-36-2 Flat Washer X X X

H-37-1 Lockwasher X X X X

H-37-2 Lockwasher X X X X

H-38-1 Mounting Nut X X X X

H-38-2 Mounting Nut X X X

H-38-3 Lock Nut X

H-38-4 Lock Nut X

H-37-3 Lockwasher X

H-37-4 Lockwasher X

H-37-5 Lockwasher

H-38-8 M7 Mounting Nut X

H-38-9 M10 Mounting Nut X

H-38-11 M9 Mounting Nut X

H-38-14 M6 Mounting Nut

H-W06-MM Flat Washer & Mounting Nut set (1 each)

H-W09-MM Flat Washer & Mounting Nut set (1 each)

Bushing Style and Dimension Model

SST

Model Model Model W 3310/ PDA17 PDB18 PTD90 PTV111 PTV142

50 EN 3862 3315

Part Number 6 mm 3/8 ” 1/4 ” 9 mm 1/4”

and Description dia. dia. dia. dia. dia.

H-36-1 Flat Washer X

H-36-2 Flat Washer X

H-37-1 Lockwasher X X

H-37-2 Lockwasher X X

H-38-1 Mounting Nut X X

H-38-2 Mounting Nut X

H-38-3 Lock Nut X

H-38-4 Lock Nut

H-37-3 Lockwasher

H-37-4 Lockwasher X

H-37-5 Lockwasher X

H-38-8 M7 Mounting Nut

H-38-9 M10 Mounting Nut

H-38-11 M9 Mounting Nut X

H-38-14 M6 Mounting Nut X

H-W06-MM Flat Washer & Mounting Nut set (1 each) X X X

H-W09-MM Flat Washer & Mounting Nut set (1 each) XX

Absolute code

Binary code w here only 1-bit changes logic state

from one angular position to the next (a.k.a. Gray

code).

ASICApplicat ion-speciﬁc inte grated circuit

Backlash

The maximum difference in shaft posit ion that

occurs when the shaft is moved to the same actual

output ratio point from opposite directions.

Binary

Two logical states (Hig h, 1, tr ue/Low, 0 false); the

basis of binary data-processing syste ms.

Binary code

A speciﬁc code utilizing the binar y number ing

system (i.e. “0” and “1”).

Bit (incremental encoder s) Refers to 1 quantum of

data or 1 increment of dig ital code. (absolute

encoders) Refers to the number of t racks which

normally equate to 2nth power, i.e., 8 bits = 28=

256 discreet posit ions, likew is e 12 bits = 212 =

4,096 discreet posit ions.

Carbon

A mixture of carbon powder and phenolic resin

that is sprayed, screened, or brushed onto a

phenolic or ceramic substrate.

Cermet

A mixture of metal part icles, precious metal

oxides, glass powders, blended w ith a liquid

vehicle. This mater ial is ty pically screened onto a

substrate (commonly ceramic) and ﬁred at

temperatures that ﬂow glass to fabricate resistive

elements for potent iomete rs.

Code

The digital out put signal produced by an encoder.

Conductive plastic (CP)

A binder or resin blended w ith carbon powder

and/or other conductive mater ial. This mater ial is

screened onto an insulating subst rate to fabricate

resistive elements for pote ntiomete rs.

Contact resistance variation (CRV)

The variat ion in resistance between the w iper and

a non-w irewound resistive element whe n the

wiper is energized w ith a spec iﬁed current and

moved over the electr ical t ravel in e ither direction

at a speciﬁed speed (does not include the effects of

roll-on or roll-off).

Cycles per revolution (CPR)

The number of full quadrature cycles per full shaft

revolution (360 mechanical deg rees).

Cup A single mechanical sect ion of a potentiome ter. A

multi-cup potent iometer may contain one or more

sections, e ither elect r ical resistance elements or

sw itch modules.

Current tap

An electr ical connect ion ﬁxed to the resistance

element, which is capable of carr y ing, rated

element cur rent and may distort the output

characteristic.

Electrical cycle

One complete four-state quadrature cycle. Each

cycle is divided into 360 elect r ical deg rees (°e) and

can be decoded into 1, 2, or 4 counts, refer red to as

X1, X2, or X4 resolution multiplier s.

Electrical degree (°e)

1/360 of one full quadrature cycle.

Glossar y of Terms

Dielectric withstanding voltage

Abilit y to w ithstand under prescr ibed condit ions, a

speciﬁed potent ial of a g iven characteristic

between the ter minals of each cup and the exposed

conducting sur faces of the potentiome ter, or

between the ter minals of each cup and the

terminals of e ver y other cup in the pote ntiome ter

without exceeding a speciﬁed leakage current.

Effective electrical angle (EEA)

The total amount of angular input rotation over

which the output ratio actually var ies.

Encoder

A dev ice that produces a dig ital out put signal;

typically an incremental quadrature, binar y, or

absolute output sig nal. This de v ice eliminates the

need for analog-to-digital (A/D) sig nal

conversion.

End resistance

The resistance measured between the w iper

terminal and end ter minal w ith the shaft

positioned at the corresponding end of mechanical

travel.

End voltage (non-wirewound)

The voltage between the wi per terminal and an

end terminal whe n the shaft is positioned at the

corresponding theoretical end point. End voltage is

expressed as a percent of the total applied voltage.

End voltage (wirewound)

The voltage between the wi per terminal and an

end terminal whe n the shaft is positioned at the

corresponding end point. End voltage is expressed

as a percent of the total applied voltage.

Equivalent noise resistance (ENR)

The variat ion in resistance between the w ipe r and

a w irewound resistive element that occurs when

the wipe r is energ ized w ith a spec iﬁed current and

moved over the electr ical t ravel in eithe r direction

at a speciﬁed speed (does not include the effects of

roll-on or roll-off).

Gang

An assembly of t wo or more cups on a common

operating shaft.

Gray code

Binary code w here only 1-bit changes logic state

from one angular position to the next (a.k.a.

Absolute code).

Hybritron®

A hybrid element consist ing of a w irewound

element w ith a conductive plast ic coating; this

element w ill exhibit the stability character istic s of

a w irewound element w ith the long operational

life of a conductive plastic eleme nt.

Incremental

The repetit ive pattern of log ic states (High, 1,

true/Low, 0 false) in the output signal of an

encoder occurr ing w ith each successive electr ical

cycle of resolution.

Index

The output signal of an index channel is nor mally

a single pulse per re volution. This output can be

used to indicate a “zero” or “home” posit ion in the

shaft rotation. Adding an index channel to an

incremental e ncoder allows the e ncoder to prov ide

absolute position. (Also refe rred to as “Index

channel” and “Z-channel”)

Independent linearity

The maximum de v iation of the actual w ipe r

output function from a st raight reference line w ith

its slope and position chose n to minimize

deviations.

Interpolation

A multiplication technique us ed to increase

encoder resolution.

Insulation resistance

The resistance to a speciﬁed impressed DC voltage

between the ter minals of each cup and the exposed

conducting sur faces of the potentiome ter, or

between the ter minals of each cup and the

terminals of e ver y other cup in the pote ntiometer,

under prescr ibed conditions.

Glossar y of Terms

Lateral runout

The perpendicular ity of the mount ing sur face w ith

respect to the rotational axis of the shaft measured

on the mounting sur face at a speciﬁed distance

from the outside edge of the mounting surface. The

shaft is held ﬁxed and the body of the

potentiome ter is rotated with spec iﬁed loads

applied radial and axial to the body of the pot.

The lateral runout is expressed in inches, TIR.

Load

The ability of a component to dissipate rated

power for a speciﬁed le ngth of time under speciﬁc

operating conditions while remaining w ithin

allowable speciﬁcations.

Mechanical angle

The total travel of the shaft be tween inte gral stops;

in potentiome ters w ithout stops, the mechanical

travel is continuous.

Minimum resistance

The resistance measured between the w iper

terminal and any other terminal w ith the shaft

positioned to g ive the minimum value.

Noise

Any spur ious var iation in the elect r ical output not

present in the input.

Non-wirewound

A resistive element made by sc reening a ﬁlm of

conductive plastic, cermet or carbon inks on a

substrate, w hich may be fabricated from ceramic,

phenolic or other ty pe of insulator mater ial.

Output ratio

The ratio of the output voltage to the designated

input reference voltage. Unless otherw is e speciﬁed,

the reference voltage is the total applied voltage.

Output smoothness

A measurement of any instantaneous variation in

the electr ical out put not present in the input.

Output voltage

The voltage between the wipe r and the designated

reference point. Unless other w ise spec iﬁed, the

designated reference point is the CCW terminal.

Potentiometer

A variable resistive de v ice us ed in applications,

which typically require frequent or eve n constant

adjustment.

Phase

The relationship betwee n channel A and channel

B; the rising edge on channel A to r ising edge on

channel B measured in electr ical deg rees (°e).

Phase reference point

The reference point on a potentiome ter cup,

usually an output ratio or an intermediate tap.

The reference point is used to align the cups in a

multi-cup potent iometer.

Pilot diameter runout

The eccentr ic ity of the pilot diame ter w ith respect

to the rotational axis of the shaft, measured on the

pilot diameter. The shaft is held ﬁxed and the

body of the potentiomete r is rotated with a

speciﬁed load applied radial to the body of the pot.

The eccentr ic ity is expressed in inches, TIR.

Power rating

The maximum power that a component can

dissipate under speciﬁed condit ions while meet ing

speciﬁed per formance requirements.

PPR Pulses per Revolution

(see Resolution)

Quadrature

The square wave output code generated by an

incremental e ncoder. Normally, t wo output

channels out of phase by 90°e.

Glossar y of Terms

Resolution (encoder)

The number of full quadrature cycles per full shaft

revolution (360 mechanical deg rees). Each cycle

can provide 1, 2, or 4 counts (i.e., X1, X2, and X4

decoding or multiplication) de pending on how the

signal is decoded. Resolut ion is normally stated in

pulses per revolut ion (PPR).

Resolution (potentiometer)

A measure of the sensitiv it y to which the output

ratio of the potent iometer may be set.

Rheostat

A variable resistor conﬁgured so that all the

current ﬂows through the wipe r.

Roll-on/Roll-off

The abrupt output voltage or resistance change

obser ved as the shaft is displaced from the end of

mechanical travel into the electrical t ravel.

Rotational life

The ability of a component to w ithstand a

speciﬁed number of cycles under speciﬁc operating

conditions while remaining w ithin allowable

speciﬁcations.

Running torque

The rotational force required to sustain uniform

shaft rotation at a speciﬁed speed in the clockw ise

or counterclockwise direct ions throughout the

mechanical travel.

Shaft

The mechanical input interface of the

potentiometer.

Shaft endplay

The total axial excursion of the shaft, measured at

the end of the shaft w ith a speciﬁed ax ial load

supplied alternately in opposite directions. Shaft

endplay is expressed in inches.

Shaft radial play

The total radial excursion of the shaft, measured

at a speciﬁed distance from the front surface of the

component. A spec iﬁed radial load is applied

alternately in opposite directions at a spec iﬁed

point. Shaft radial play is expressed in inches.

Shaft revolution

One complete 360° turn of the shaft of a rotary

encoder in a single direction.

Shaft runout

The eccentr ic ity of the shaft diameter w ith respect

to the rotational axis of the shaft, measured at a

speciﬁed distance from the end of the shaft. The

body of the potentiometer is held ﬁxed and the

shaft is rotated with a spec iﬁed load applied radial

to the shaft. The eccent ric ity is ex pressed in inches,

TIR.

Solderability

The adhesion of molten solder to the te rminals of

a component, producing a continuous coat of

solder without voids and pinholes under spec iﬁed

conditions.

Starting torque

The rotational force required to initiate shaft

rotation of a rotary compone nt in the clockw ise or

counterclockwise directions anywhere in the

mechanical travel.

State

The logic le vels ge nerated in the output signal of a

digital compone nt (High, 1, t rue/Low, 0 fals e).

Stop strength

The maximum load that can be applied to the

shaft at each mechanical stop for a speciﬁed per iod

of time without per manent change of the stop

positions greater than speciﬁed.

Glossar y of Terms

Tap An electr ical connect ion ﬁxed to an intermediate

point on the resistive element.

Taper

The output cur ve of resistance measured between

one end of the element and the w ipe r.

Temperature coefficient

The unit of change in resistance per °C

temperature of resistance ( TC) change from a

reference te mperature to a speciﬁed test

temperature, expressed in PPM/°C.

Total applied voltage

The total voltage applied betwee n the designated

input terminals.

Total resistance (TR)

The DC resistance between the e nd ter minals w ith

the shaft positioned to g ive a maximum resistance

value.

Voltage divider

A potentiome ter conﬁgured in a circuit such that

the resistive element is substituted for t wo resistors

in ser ies w ith the w iper prov iding an adjustable

output voltage.

Voltage tap

An electr ical connect ion ﬁxed to the resistive

element, which introduces no signiﬁcant distor tion

in the output characterist ic. A voltage tap usually

has signiﬁcant tap resistance and may not be

capable of carr y ing the rated element cur rent.

Wirewound

A resistive element made from multiple tur ns of

wire around an insulated mandrel or cord.

Glossar y of Terms

“Hybitron”isa registered trademark of Hybitron,Inc.

“Bourns”is a registered trademark of Bourns,Inc.in the U.S.and other countries.

Worldwide S ales Ofﬁces

Country Phone Fax

Benelux: +31-70-3004333 +31-70-3004345

China: +86-21-64821250 +86-21-64821249

France: +33-254-735151 +33-254-735156

Germany: +49-69-80078212 +49-69-80078299

Hong Kong: +852-2411 5599 +852-2412 3611

Ireland: +44-1276-691087 +44-1276-691088

Italy: +39- 02-38900041 +39-02-38900042

Japan: +81-49-269 3204 +81-49-269 3297

Singapore: +65- 63461933 +65- 63461911

Switzerland: +41-41-7685555 +41-41-7685510

Taiwan: +886-2-25624117 +886-2-25624116

UK: +44-1276-691087 +44-1276-691088

USA: +1-909-781-5500 +1-909-781-5006

Non-Listed European

Countries: +41- 41-7685555 +41- 41-7685510

Technical Assistance

Region Phone Fax

Asia-Paciﬁc: +886-2-25624117 +886-2-25624116

Europe: +41- 41-7685555 +41- 41-7685510

North America: +1-909 781-5500 +1-909 781-5700

www.bourns.com

Bourns®products are available through an extensive network of manufacturer’s representatives,agents and distributors.

To obtain technical applications assistance,a quotation,or to place an order,contact a Bourns representative in your area.

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Bourns:

H-38-11 H-38-1 H-38-2 H-38-18 H-38-3 H-38-14 H-38-9 H-38-15 H-38-4 H-38-8 H-W09-MM H-36-2