Description
The GS431B/TL431A/TL431 are 3-terminal adjustable
precision shunt regulators with guaranteed temperature
stability over the applicable extended commercial
temperature range. The output voltage may be set at any
level greater than 2.500V (VREF) up to 36V merely by
selecting two external resistors that act as a voltage divider
network. These devices have a typical output impedance
of 0.08Ω. Active output circuitry provides very sharp turn-
on characteristics, making these devices excellent
improved replacements for zener diodes in many
applications.
The precise ±0.5% reference voltage tolerance of the
GS431B makes it possible in many applications to avoid
the use of a variable resistor, consequently saving cost
and eliminating drift and reliability problems associated
with it.
Applications
• Voltage Monitor
• Delay Timer
• Constant-Current Source/Sink
• High-Current Shunt Regulator
• Crow Bar
• Over-Voltage/Under-Voltage Protection
Mechanical Data
Case: SO-8, SOT-23, SOT-89, TO-92
High temperature soldering guaranteed:
260°C/10 seconds at terminals
Case outlines are on the back pages
Features
• Programmable Output Voltage to 30V
• Precision Reference Voltage
GS431B: 2.500V ±0.5%
TL431A: 2.500V ±1.0%
TL431: 2.500V ±2.0%
• Sink Current Capability: 100mA.
• Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation: 0.5mA
• Equivalent Full-Range Temperature Coefficient:
50 ppm/°C
• Fast Turn-On Response
• Low Dynamic Output Impedance: 0.22Ω
• Low Output Noise
TO-92
LP Suffix
U Suffix
SOT-23
S Suffix
SO-8
X Suffix
SOT-89
1
2
3
123
Symbol
Block Diagram
ANODE (A)
REF (R)
CATHODE (C)
REF (R)
+
-
ANODE (A)
CATHODE (C)
2.500V
1234
876
5
1
2
3
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
Adjustable Precision Shunt Regulators
Document Number 74806 www.vishay.com
11-Jun-04 1
Ordering Information
Part Package Vref Packing
Number Tolerance Method
GS431BIS/5H-E3 0.5%
TL431AIS/5-E3 SO-8 1.0% T/R, 2500
TL431IS/5H-E3 2.0%
GS431BIX/11H-E3 0.5%
TL431AIX/11H-E3 SOT-89 1.0% T/R, 1000
TL431IX/11H-E3 2.0%
GS431BIU1/48H 0.5%
TL431AIU1/48H 1.0%
TL431IU1/48H SOT-23 2.0% T/R, 3000
GS431BIU2/48H 0.5%
TL431AIU2/48H 1.0%
TL431IU2/48H 2.0%
GS431BILP/1H 0.5%
TL431AILP/1H 1.0% Bulk, 1000
TL431ILP/1H TO-92 2.0%
GS431BILP/1H 0.5% Ammo Pack,
TL431AILP/1H 1.0% 2000
TL431ILP/1H 2.0%
E3 designates a Lead (pb) Free Part.
12
3
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
123
1
2
3
Top View
1. Cathode
2. Vref
3. Anode
Cathode
Anode
Anode
NC
Ref
Anode
Anode
NC
12
3
Top View
1. Vref
2. Cathode
3. Anode
Top View
1. Vref
2. Anode (tab)
3. Cathode
Top View
1. Vref
2. Anode
3. Cathode
Top View
SO-8SOT-23 (U1)SOT-23 (U2)SOT-89TO-92
Marking Information
SOT-23
GS431B, (U1) DAxx*
TL431A, (U1) DBxx
TL431, (U1) DCxx
GS431B, (U2) DDxx
TL431A, (U2) DExx
TL431, (U2) DGxx
*Last two digits denote year and week code.
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
www.vishay.com Document Number 74806
211-Jun-04
Electrical Characteristics TA= 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
VZ= VREF GS431B 2.487 2.500 2.513
IL= 10mA (Fig. 1) TL431A 2.475 2.500 2.525
Reference Voltage VREF TA= 25°C TL431 2.450 2.500 2.550 V
VZ= VREF GS431B 2.475 – 2.525
IL= 10mA (Fig. 1) TL431A 2.445 – 2.545
TA= –20°C to +85°C TL431 2.430 – 2.560
Deviation of reference ∆VREF VZ= VREF mV
Input voltage over temperature(1) IL= 10mA TA= –20°C to +85°C (Fig. 1) – 3.0 17
Ratio of the change in reference voltage ∆VREF IZ= 10mA VZ= VREF ~ 10V – 1.4 2.7 mV/V
to the change in cathode voltage ∆VZ(Fig. 2) VZ= 10V ~ 30V – 1.0 2.0
Reference input current IREF R1 = 10KΩ, R2 = ∞TA= 25°C – 0.7 4.0 µA
IL= 10mA (Fig. 2)
TA= –20°C to +85°C
– – 5.2
Deviation of reference input R1 = 10KΩ, R2 = ∞
current over temperature αIREF IL= 10mA – 0.4 1.2 µA
TA= –20°C to +85°C (Fig. 2)
Minimum cathode current IZ(MIN) VZ= VREF (Fig. 1) – 0.5 1.0 mA
for regulation
Off-state current IZ(OFF) VZ= 36V, VREF = 0V (Fig 3) – 2.6 1000 nA
Dynamic output impedance(2) RZVZ= VREF, f = 1.0KHZ – 0.22 0.5 Ω
∆IZ = 1.0mA to 50mA
Absolute Maximum RatingsTA= 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Cathode voltage VZ37 V
Continuous cathode current IZ–10 to 150 mA
Reference Input Current Range IREF –0.05 to10 mA
Operating Temperature Range Toper –20 to 85 °C
Junction Temperature TJ150 °C
Lead Temperature TL260 °C
Storage Temperature Tstg –65 to 150 °C
Thermal Resistance TO-92 Package 160
SOT-23 Package RθJA 400 °C/W
SO-8 Package 163
SOT-89 Package 52*
*Measured according to JESD Si-7guidelines
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number 74806 www.vishay.com
11-Jun-04 3
T2
TTEMPERATURE
1
VMAX
MIN
VDEV = VMAX MIN
-V
V
The average temperature coefficient of the reference
input voltage, αVREF is defined as:
T1T2
106
C)25(atV
V
T1T2
106
C)25(atV
V-V
C
ppm
VREF
DEV
REF
MINMAX
REF °
±
=
°
±
=
°
α––
Where:
T2– T1 = full temperature change.
The slope can be positive or negative depending on
whether VMAX or VMIN occurs at the lower ambient
temperature.
Example: ∆VREF = 9.0mV, VREF = 2495mV,
T2- T1 = 70°C, slope is positive.
C50ppm/
αVREF =C70
106
2495mV
9.0mV
°=
°
Note 2. The dynamic output impedance, RZ, is
defined as:
When the device is programmed with two external
resistors, R1 and R2, (see Fig. 2), the dynamic output
impedance of the overall circuit, is defined as:
Z∆VZ
R =∆Z
I
R2
R1
1
≈ Rz
Iz
Vz
z
r+
∆
∆
=
Note 1. Deviation of reference input voltage, ∆VREF,
is defined as the maximum variation of the reference
input voltage over the full temperature range.
VREF
IREF
IZ
VZ
IL
IN
R2
R1
VREF
IREF
IZ
VZ
IN IL
Note: VZ=VREF(1+R1/R2)+IREFxR1
IN
VZ
IZ(OFF)
Fi T i i f ff C
Fig. 1 Test Circuit for VZ=VREF Fig. 2 Test Circuit for VZ>VREF Fig. 3 Test Circuit for
off-state current
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
www.vishay.com Document Number 74806
411-Jun-04
Document Number 74806 www.vishay.com
11-Jun-04 5
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
1.20
Fig. 6 – Reference Input Current
vs. Temperature
Reference Input Current (µA)
Temperature (°C)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 --40 --20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
R1=10KΩ
R2= ∞IZ=10mA
I
Z
=10mA
T
A
=25°C
VZ = VREF
IZ = 1mA to 100mA
F ≤ 1KHZ
VZ=VREF
VZ=30V
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.18
Fig. 7 – Dynamic Impedance
vs. Temperature
Dynamic Impedance (Ω)
Temperature (°C)
5 10152025303540
Fig. 8 – Change in Reference Voltage
vs. Cathode Voltage
Change In Reference Voltage (mV)
Cathode Voltage (V)
--30
--25
--20
--15
--10
--5
0
0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
--40 0 604020-20 80 100 120
Fig. 9 – Off-State Cathode Current
vs. Temperature
Off-State Cathode Current (µA)
Temperature (°C)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-800
Fig. 4 – Cathode Current
vs. Cathode Voltage
Fig. 5 – Reference Voltage
vs. Temperature
Cathode Current (µA)
2.58
2.56
2.54
2.52
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
Reference Voltage (V)
Cathode Voltage (V) Temperature (°C)
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
VZ = VREF
TA = 25°C
TL431
VZ = VREF
IZ = 10mA
IZ(MIN)
VREF
max
VREF
typ
VREF
min
Typical Performance
Characteristics
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
0→
1
2
3
2
4
6
0→
Fig. 12 – Pulse Response Fig. 13 – Test Circuit For Pulse Response
Fig. 15 – Test Circuit for Dynamic Impedance
1µS/div
0.1
1
10
1K 10K 100K 1M
Fig. 14 – Dynamic Impedance vs. Frequency
Dynamic Impedance (Ω)(V)
Frequency (Hz)
RA
50Ω
RB
220Ω
431
Output
Pulse
Generator
f=100kHz
R1
50
+
AC
1V
R2
50
431
GND
Output
I
Z
=10mA
T
A
=25°C
Input
Output
R1
10K R
250
+
VIN
CIN
47 F
V1
431
Output
I
Z
=10mA
T
A
=25°C
A
V
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M
Fig. 10 – Small Signal Voltage
Amplification vs. Frequency
Fig. 11 – Test Circuit
Frequency Response
Small-Signal Voltage Amplification
Frequency (Hz)
-- 10
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
www.vishay.com Document Number 74806
611-Jun-04
Fig. 17 – Delay Timer
Fig. 18 – Voltage Monitor
Fig. 16 – Typical Application Circuit
Fig. 20 – Current Limiter or
Current Source
Fig. 19 – Constant-Current Sink
VIN
R1A
R2A
R1B
R2B
R
ON
OFF
C
VIN
+
n ( V
VV
IN
IN REF
)
R1IOUT
VIN
R
VIN
1
IOUT
IOUT=VREF / R1
IOUT=VREF / R1
LED on when Low Limit<VIN< High Limit
Low Limit ≅ VREF (1+R1B/R2B)
High Limit ≅ VREF (1+R1A/R2A)
Delay=R x C x
VIN
431
+
VOUT
R1
R2
+
Precision Regulator
VOUT = (1+R1/R2) x VREF
Application Examples
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number 74806 www.vishay.com
11-Jun-04 7
VOUT
R1
R2
VIN VIN
R1
R2
VOUT
FUSE
R1A
R2A R2B
R1B
VIN
Output ON when
Low Limit <VIN < High Limit
+
VBE
Fig. 23 – Over-Voltage / Under-Voltage
Protection Circuit
Fig. 21 – High-Current
Shunt Regulator Fig. 22 – Crow Bar
Low Limit ≅ VREF (1+R1B/R2B) + VBE
High Limit ≅ VREF (1+R1A/R2A)
VOUT = (1+R1/R2) x VREF VLIMIT = (1+R1/R2) x VREF
Application Examples
(continued)
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
www.vishay.com Document Number 74806
811-Jun-04
5
1234
6.20
5.80
876
4.00
3.80
0.51
0.33
1.27 (typ.)
0.25
0.10
5.00
4.80
1.75
1.35
1.27
0.40
0.25
0.19
SO-8 Case Outline
Dimensions
in millimeters
SOT-23 Case Outline
Dimensions
in millimeters
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number 74806 www.vishay.com
11-Jun-04 9
TO-92 Case Outline
Dimensions
in millimeters
5.33
4.32
1.27 (TYP.)
Bottom
View
12.7
0.38 (TYP.)
5.20
4.40
4.20
3.17
SOT-89 Case Outline
1.83
1.62
1.60
1.40
4.60
4.40
Top View
4.25
3.94
2.60
2.29
1.20
0.89
3.00
(TYP.)
1.50
(TYP.) 0.48
0.36
0.44
0.35
123
Dimensions
in millimeters
GS431B/TL431A/TL431
Vishay Siliconix
www.vishay.com Document Number 74806
10 11-Jun-04
Package Reliability
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number: 72592
23-Oct-03
www.vishay.com
1
ENVIRONMENTAL AND PACKAGE TESTING DATA FOR SOT-23 (AME)
Stress Sample Size Device Hr./Cyc Condition Total Fails Fail Percentage
BOND INT 120 250 hrs, 500 hrs 200_C + N2 0 0.00
DIE SHEAR 15 MIL-STD-750 0 0.00
HAST 165 100 hrs 130_C, 85%RH 0 0.00
Pressure Pot 66 96 hrs, 168 hrs 121_, 15 PSIG 0 0.00
Solderability 66 8 hrs 883 M2003 0 0.00
Temp Cycle
66 500 cyc, 1000 cyc
65
_
C 150
_
C
0 0.00
T
emp
C
yc
l
e55 250 cyc −
6
5_
C
−
1
5
0
_
C
0 0.00
Package Reliability
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number: 72591
23-Oct-03
www.vishay.com
1
ENVIRONMENTAL AND PACKAGE TESTING DATA FOR TO-92 (P-J)
Stress Sample Size Device Hr./Cyc Condition Total Fails Fail Percentage
BOND INT 80 250 hrs, 500 hrs 200_C + N2 0 0.00
DIE PUNCH 30 MIL-STD-883 0 0.00
HAST 330 100 hrs 130_C, 85%RH 0 0.00
Pressure Pot 330 96 hrs, 168 hrs 121_, 15 PSIG 0 0.00
Solder DUNK 60 260_C, 10 SEC 0 0.00
Solderability 60 8 hrs 883 M2003 0 0.00
Temp Cycle 330 250 cyc, 500 cyc,
1000 cyc −65_C−150_C0 0.00
S
E
∅D
A
L(1)
L
e(1)
e
∅b
123
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in mm converted to inches.
2. Diameter uncontrolled inside L(1).
Package Information
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number: 72302
22-May-03
www.vishay.com
1
TO-226 (TO-92) (POWER ICS ONLY)
MILLIMETERS INCHES
Dim Min Max Min Max
A4.32 5.33 0.170 0.210
∅b0.41 0.55 0.016 0.022
∅D4.45 5.20 0.175 0.205
E3.18 4.19 0.125 0.165
e2.42 2.66 0.095 0.105
e(1) 1.15 1.39 0.045 0.055
L12.7 — 0.500 —
L(1) — 2.03 — 0.080
S2.04 2.66 0.080 0.105
ECN: S-31068—Rev. A, 26-May-03
DWG: 5902
B
D
D1
EH
L
B1
e
e1
C
A
Package Information
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number: 72710
29-Dec-03 www.vishay.com
1
SOT−89: 3−LEAD (TO−243AA)
MILLIMETERS INCHES
Dim Min Max Min Max
A1.40 1.60 0.055 0.063
B0.44 0.56 0.017 0.022
B10.36 0.48 0.014 0.019
C0.35 0.44 0.013 0.018
D4.40 4.60 0.170 0.182
D11.40 1.75 0.055 0.069
E2.29 2.60 0.090 0.103
e1.5 Typ. 0.059 Typ.
e13.0 Typ. 0.118 Typ.
H3.94 4.25 0.155 0.168
L0.89 1.20 0.035 0.048
ECN: S-32594—Rev. A, 29-Dec-03
DWG: 5906
NOTE: Dimensions are in mm converted to inches.
b
E
E1
1
3
2
Se
e1
D
A2
A
A1C
Seating Plane
0.15 mm
0.006” CC
L1
L
qGauge Plane
Seating Plane
0.25 mm
Package Information
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number: 72301
22-May-03 www.vishay.com
1
SOT−23: 3−LEAD (POWER ICS ONLY)
JEDEC Equivalent Part Number: MO-78AA
MILLIMETERS INCHES
Dim Min Max Min Max
A— 1.45 — 0.057
A10 0.15 0 0.006
A20.90 1.30 0.035 0.052
b0.30 0.50 0.012 0.020
c0.08 0.25 0.003 0.010
D2.70 3.10 0.100 0.122
E2.40 3.00 0.090 0.120
E11.40 1.80 0.055 0.071
e0.95 TY P 0.037 TYP
e11.90 TYP 0.075 TYP
L0.35 0.55 0.013 0.022
L10.64 TYP 0.025 TYP
S0.50 TYP 0.020 TYP
q 0_10_0_10_
ECN: S-31068—Rev. A, 26-May-03
DWG: 5901
NOTE: Dimensions are in mm converted to inches.
4
3
12
5
6
87
HE
h x 45_
C
All Leads
q0.101 mm
0.004”
L
BA
1
A
e
D
0.25 (Gage Plane)
NOTE: Dimensions are in mm converted to inches.
Package Information
Vishay Siliconix
Document Number: 72303
22-May-03 www.vishay.com
1
SOIC: 8−LEAD (POWER ICS ONLY)
JEDEC Equivalent Part Number: MS-012AA
MILLIMETERS INCHES
Dim Min Max Min Max
A1.35 1.75 0.053 0.069
A10.10 0.25 0.004 0.010
B0.33 0.51 0.013 0.020
C0.19 0.25 0.0075 0.010
D4.80 5.00 0.189 0.196
E3.80 4.00 0.150 0.157
e1.27 BS C 0.050 BSC
H5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244
h0.25 0.50 0.010 0.020
L0.40 1.27 0.016 0.050
q0_8_0_8_
ECN: S-31068—Rev. A, 26-May-03
DWG: 5903