AP3125HA/HB
Document number: DS37169 Rev. 3 - 2
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© Diodes Incorporated
AP3125HA/HB
A Product Line of
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NEW PROD UCT
GREEN MODE PWM CONTROLLER
Description
The AP3125HA/HB is a current mode PWM controller which is
optimized for high performance, low standby power and cost effective
offline flyback converters.
The PWM switching frequency at normal operation is internally fixed
(about 100kHz). In middle load, the IC will enter green mode to
improve system efficiency with the help of frequency foldback. A
minimum switching frequency (about 20kHz) is set to avoid the
audible noise. In no load or light load, the IC will enter the burst mode
to minimize standby power. Furthermore, the frequency dithering
function is built-in to reduce EMI emission.
Internal slope compensation allows more stable Peak-Current Mode
control over wide range of input voltage and load conditions. Internal
line compensation ensures constant output power limit over entire
universal line voltage range.
Comprehensive protection features are included, such as cycle-by-
cycle current limit (OCP), VCC Over Voltage Protection (VOVP),
internal OTP, Over Load Protection (OLP) and pins’ fault protection.
AP3125HA features external OTP/OVP by using a minimal number of
external components with CTRL pin. AP3125HB features built-in
Brownout (BNO) and Line Over Voltage Protection (LOVP).
Features
Very Low Start-up Current
Current Mode Control
Non-audible-noise Green-mode Control
Internal Slope Compensation
Soft Start During Startup Process
Frequency Fold Back for High Average Efficiency
Secondary Winding Short Protection with FOCP
Soft Switching for Reducing EMI
VCC Maintain Mode
Brownout Protection (BNO, AP3125HB)
Line Over Voltage Protection (LOVP, AP3125HB)
Useful Pin Fault Protection:
SENSE Pin Floating
CTRL Pin Short to Ground (AP3125HA)
FB/Opto-coupler Open/Short
Comprehensive System Protection Feature:
VCC Over Voltage Protection (VOVP)
Over Load Protection (OLP)
External OTP/OVP with CTRL Pin Protection (AP3125HA)
Mini Size Package of SOT26
Pin to Pin Compatible with AP3125A/V/R/L/B
Totally Lead-free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
Pin Assignments
(Top View)
1
2
3 4
5
Pin 1 Mark
6
GND
FB
CTRL
GATE
VCC
SENSE
SOT26 (For AP3125HA)
(Top View)
1
2
3 4
5
Pin 1 Mark
6
GND
FB
BNO
GATE
VCC
SENSE
SOT26 (For AP3125HB)
Applications
Switching AC-DC Adapter/Charger
ATX/BTX Auxiliary Power
Set-top Box (STB) Power Supply
Open Frame Switching Power Supply
Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green"
and Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.
AP3125HA/HB
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A Product Line of
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NEW PROD UCT
Typical Applications Circuit
~
~
+
-
VCC
GND
GATE
FB
SENSE
CTRL
~
AZ431
AP3125HA
L2
T1
R13 C7
C6
C8
R14
R15
R16 R17
R18
C9
C10
R12R11
R10
R9
C5R6
R19
C4
R5
R4
C2
C1
VR1
U1
NTC
R2 R3
F1
R7
C3
C11
NTC
R8
~
~
+
-
VCC
GND
GATE
FB
SENSE
BNO
~
AZ431
AP3125HB
L2
T1
R13 C7
C6
C8
R14
R15
R16 R17
R18
C9
C10
R12R11
R10
R9
C5R6
R19
C4
R5
R4
C2
C1
VR1
NTC
R2 R3
F1
R7
C3
C11
R8
R20
C20
AP3125HA/HB
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Pin Descriptions
Pin Number
Pin Name
Function
AP3125HA
AP3125HB
1
1
GND
Signal ground. Current return for driver and control circuits
2
2
FB
Feedback. Directly connected to the opto-coupler
3
–
CTRL
Latch trigger if this pin voltage drops below a threshold or over another threshold,
leave CTRL pin open if this function is not needed. Connecting a NTC thermistor to
GND can achieve OTP protection
–
3
BNO
Brownout protection pin, connect a resistor divider to set the brownout level
4
4
SENSE
Current Sense
5
5
VCC
Supply voltage of driver and control circuits
6
6
GATE
Gate driver output
Functional Block Diagram
GND
GATE
250ns LEB
Driver 13V
OSC with
Frequency
Jitter
0.95V
VCC_OVP
OLP
VCC
32V 28V
VCC_OVP
CTRL
(AP3125HA)
UVLO
16V
7.6V
1V
Auto
Recovery
Protection
AP3125HA/HB
100mA
FB
R
2R
PWM
0.3V
1.3V
Latch-off
Protection
70mS
Debounce
OLP
FOCP
3V
4.5V0.6V
10k
CTRL_H
CTRL_L
OCP
SS
SS
VDD
Line
Compensation
Soft
Start
1.80V
FOCP
QD
CLK RB
DFF
OTP
VCC
VDD
OTP
CTRL_H
CTRL_L
VDD
Internal
Bias
+150 C
o/+125oC
SENSE
1
2
5
4
3
6
LOVP
BROWNOUT
0.95V
4.2V
5.5V
Line_OVP
Brownout 0.9V
50mS
Debounce
3
BNO
(AP3125HB)
AP3125HA/HB
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4)
Symbol
Parameter
Rating
Unit
VCC
Power Supply Voltage
30
V
IO
Gate Output Current
350
mA
VFB, VSENSE, VCTRL
Input Voltage to FB, SENSE, CTRL
-0.3 to 7
V
θJA
Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient)
250
°C/W
PD
Power Dissipation at TA < +25°C
500
mW
TJ
Operating Junction Temperature
-40 to +150
°C
TSTG
Storage Temperature Range
+150
°C
–
ESD (Human Body Model)
3000
V
–
ESD (Machine Model)
300
V
Note 4: Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied.
Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
VCC
Supply Voltage
10
25
V
AP3125HA/HB
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Electrical Characteristics (@TA = +25°C, VCC = 16V, unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Supply Voltage (VCC Pin)
ISTARTUP
Startup Current
–
–
1
10
μA
ICC
Operating Supply Current
VFB=0V, CL=1nF
0.5
0.7
1
mA
VFB=3V, CL=0nF
0.6
1.2
2.0
–
UVLO (on)
–
14.5
15.8
16.5
V
–
VCC Maintain
–
8.6
9.1
9.6
V
–
UVLO (off)
–
7.1
7.6
8.1
V
–
VCC OVP
–
27
28.5
30
V
–
VCC Clamp
ICC=5mA
31
34
–
V
PWM Section/Oscillator Section
–
Maximum Duty Cycle
–
70
75
80
%
–
Oscillation Frequency
–
92
100
108
kHz
–
Green Mode Frequency
–
20
–
30
kHz
–
Frequency Temperature
Stability
-20°C to +125°C
(Note 5)
–
–
5
%
–
Frequency Voltage Stability
VCC=12V to 30V
–
–
3
%
–
Frequency Dithering
–
±4
±6
±8
%
Current Sense Section (SENSE Pin)
VCS
Maximum SENSE Voltage
VFB=4.5V
0.9
0.95
1
V
–
FOCP Voltage
–
1.5
1.7
1.9
V
–
LEB Time of SENSE
–
150
250
350
ns
–
Delay to Output (Note 5)
–
–
100
–
ns
–
Soft-start Time
–
3
5
8
ms
Feedback Input Section (FB Pin)
–
The Ratio of Input Voltage to
Current Sense Voltage
–
2.5
3
3.5
V/V
–
Input Impedance
–
12
15
18
kΩ
–
Source Current
VFB=0V
-0.2
-0.27
-0.34
mA
–
Green Mode Threshold
–
–
2.3
–
V
–
Input Voltage for Zero Duty
–
1.3
1.55
1.8
V
Output Section (GATE Pin)
–
Output Low Level
IO=20mA, VCC=12V
–
–
1
V
–
Output High Level
IO=20mA, VCC=12V
8
–
–
V
–
Output Clamping Voltage
–
11
13
15
V
–
Rising Time (Note 5)
CL=1nF, VCC=13V
–
150
250
ns
–
Falling Time (Note 5)
CL=1nF, VCC=13V
–
50
100
ns
AP3125HA/HB
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A Product Line of
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NEW PROD UCT
Electrical Characteristics (Cont.) (@TA = +25°C, VCC = 16V, unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Protection Section (CTRL Pin, For AP3125HA)
–
Source Current
–
93
100
107
μA
–
Internal Reference Voltage
–
–
1.9
–
V
–
Low Threshold Trigger for
Latch
–
0.97
1.01
1.04
V
–
High Threshold Trigger for
Latch
–
2.85
3
3.15
V
–
Pull-up Current (Note 6)
–
–
–
2
mA
Brownout Section (BNO Pin, For AP3125HB)
–
Brown-in Voltage
–
0.935
0.955
0.975
V
–
Brownout Voltage
–
0.875
0.895
0.915
V
–
Clamping Voltage
ICLAMP=1mA
–
5.5
–
V
–
Line OVP
–
4.1
4.2
4.3
V
Delay Time Section
–
Delay of Short Circuit
Protection
–
–
70
–
ms
–
Delay of Hiccup Protection
VCC OVP
–
5
–
Cycles
Internal OTP Section
–
OTP Enter
–
–
+150
–
°C
–
OTP Exit
–
–
+125
–
°C
Notes: 5. Guaranteed by design.
6. The sourcing current of CTRL pin must be limited below 5mA. Otherwise it may cause permanent damage to the device.
AP3125HA/HB
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A Product Line of
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Performance Characteristics
Startup Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature Shutdown Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
Startup Current vs. Ambient Temperature Operating Current vs. Ambient Temperature
CTRL Utilization for Latch
CTRL
VCC
NTC
CTRL
VCC
NTC
VCC
CTRL
NTC
OVP and OTP OVP OTP
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Startup Current (mA)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
13
14
15
16
17
18
Startup Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
Shutdown Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
VFB=3V, CL=0
Operating Current (mA)
Ambient Tempture (oC)
AP3125HA/HB
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BNO Utilization for Brownout
BNO
CBUCK
Operation Description
The AP3125HA/HB is specifically designed for off-line AC-DC power supply used in LCD monitor, notebook adapter and battery charger
applications. It offers a cost effective solution with a versatile protection function.
Start-up Current and UVLO
The start-up current of AP3125HA/HB is optimized to realize ultra low current (1mA typical) so that VCC capacitor can be charged more quickly.
The direct benefit of low start-up current is the availability of using large start-up resistor, which minimizes the resistor power loss for high voltage
AC input.
An UVLO comparator is included in AP3125HA/HB to detect the voltage on VCC pin. It ensures that AP3125HA/HB can draw adequate energy
from hold-up capacitor during power-on. The turn-on threshold is 16V and the turn-off threshold is 7.6V.
Current Sense Comparator and PWM Latch
The AP3125HA/HB operates as a current mode controller, the output switch conduction is initiated by every oscillator cycle and is terminated
when the peak inductor current reaches the threshold level established by the FB pin. The inductor current signal is converted to a voltage signal
by inserting a reference sense resistor RS. The inductor current under normal operating conditions is controlled by the voltage at FB pin. The
relation between peak inductor current (IPK) and VFB is:
SFBPK RVI 3/)8.0(
Moreover, FOCP with 1.8V threshold is only about 100ns delay, which can avoid some catastrophic damages such as secondary rectifier short
test. Few drive cycles can alleviate the destruction range and get better protection.
Leading-edge Blanking
A narrow spike on the leading edge of the current waveform can usually be observed when the power MOSFET is turned on. A 250ns leading-
edge blank is built-in to prevent the false-triggering caused by the turn-on spike. During this period, the current limit comparator is disabled and
the gate driver can not be switched off.
At the time of turning off the MOSFET, a negative undershoot (maybe larger than -0.3V) can occur on the SENSE pin. So it is strongly
recommended to add a small RC filter or at least connect a resistor “R” on this pin to protect the IC (Shown as Figure 1).
FB
SENSE
GATE
GND
CTRL
(BNO) 6
1
3
4
AP3125HA/
HB
VCC
5
2
Large undershoot (more than
-0.3V) may damage the SENSE pin
R
C
Necessary
Figure 1
Built-in Slope Compensation
It is well known that a continuous current mode SMPS may become unstable when the duty cycle exceeds 50%. The built-in slope compensation
can improve the stability, so there is no need for design engineer to spend much time on that.
FB Pin and Short Circuit Protection
This pin is normally connected to the opto-coupler and always paralleled with a capacitor for loop compensation. When the voltage at this pin is
AP3125HA/HB
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Operation Description (Cont.)
greater than 4.5V and lasts for about 70ms, the IC will enter the protection mode. For AP3125HA/HB, the system will enter hiccup mode to wait
the VCC decreasing to low UVLO level, then the IC will try to restart until the failure removed. And when this voltage is less than 1.55V, the IC will
stop the drive pulse immediately. Therefore, this feature can be used for short circuit protection, which makes the system immune from damage.
Normally, output short makes the VFB value to the maximum because the opto-coupler is cut off.
VCC Maintain Mode
During light load or step load, VFB will drop and be lower than 1.55V, thus the PWM drive signal will be stopped, and there is no more new energy
transferred due to no switching. Therefore, the IC supply voltage may reduce to the shutdown threshold voltage and system may enter the
unexpected restart mode. To avoid this, the AP3125HA/HB hold a so-called VCC maintain mode which can supply energy to VCC.
When VCC decreases to a setting threshold, the VCC maintain comparator will output some drive signal to make the system switch and provide a
proper energy to VCC pin. The VCC maintain function will cooperate with the PWM and burst mode loop which can make the output voltage
variation be within the regulation. This mode is very useful for reducing startup resistor loss and achieving a better standby performance with a
low value VCC capacitor. The VCC is not easy to touch the shutdown threshold during the startup process and step load. This will also simplify
the system design. The minimum VCC voltage is suggested to be designed a little higher than VCC maintain threshold thus can achieve the best
balance between the standby and step load performance.
System Protection and Pin Fault Protection
The AP3125HA/HB provides versatile system and pin fault protections. The OCP comparator realizes the cycle-by-cycle current limiting (OCP). In
universal input line voltage, the IC realizes the constant over load protection (OLP). VCC over voltage protection can be applied as the primary
OVP or opto-coupler broken protection. The AP3125HA/HB also has pin fault connection protection including floating and short connection. The
floating pin protection includes the SENSE, FB, etc. The short pin protection includes the CTRL pin short protection. When these pins are floated
or CTRL pin is shorted to ground, PWM switching will be disabled, thus protecting the power system.
External OTP Protection Function
The CTRL pin of AP3125HA has two kinds of modes to trigger the latch protection: high level trigger (auto-recovery mode) and low level trigger
(latch mode). The low threshold is 1V and high threshold voltage is 3V. Once the latch protection is triggered, the IC will disable the output signal,
and the bulk capacitor provides the energy to IC through the startup resistor to ensure the IC disable the output. This mode will be not released
until the AC input is shut off. So, the de-latch time is mainly depending on the HV startup bulk capacitor value. Therefore, if the system wants a
short de-latch time, it is better for the startup resistor take power from the point before the rectifier bridge as illustrated in Figure 2.
Brownout Protection Function
To avoid potential high current stress at low line voltage, AP3125HB introduces reliable brownout protection. AC line voltage information is
sampled through a voltage divider net-work, adjusting the divider ratio to achieve expected brownout protection voltage. A typical 0.1nFcapacitor
is strongly recommended to parallel with BNO pin to bypass any accidental spike in AC line for preventing false trigger. When the voltage across
BNO pin is higher than 0.95V and VCC reaches UVLO/ON, the GATE pin will output drive signals. If the BNO voltage falls below 0.9V and lasts
for 50ms, the GATE pin will turn off and the system will enter hiccup mode until the line voltage rises over its brown-in voltage again.
Internal OTP Protection Function
The AP3125HA/HB integrates an internal temperature sensor. It has a trigger window of entering OTP mode at +150°C and exiting at +125°C.
The internal OTP protection mode is auto-recovery mode.
VCC
GND
FB
CTRL AP3125HA
SENSE
AC Mains
(90V to 265V) CBUS
GATE
1
2
3
4
56
Figure 2
AP3125HA/HB
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Ordering Information
AP3125XX X XX - XX
PackingProduct Version*
TR : Tape & Reel G1 : Green
Product Name RoHS/GreenPackage
K : SOT26
HA: AP3125HA
HB: AP3125HB
Diodes IC’s Pb-free products with "G1" suffix in the part number, are RoHS compliant and green.
Package
Part Number
Marking ID
Packing
SOT26
AP3125HAKTR-G1
GNP
3000/Tape & Reel
AP3125HBKTR-G1
GNQ
3000/Tape & Reel
*Product Version Classification (with Different Protection Functions)
Product
Version
Frequency
VOVP
OLP & SOCP
CTRL (Low)
CTRL (High)
BNO
LOVP
AP3125HA
100kHz
Auto-Recoverable
Auto-Recoverable
Latch
Auto-Recoverable
–
–
AP3125HB
100kHz
Auto-Recoverable
Auto-Recoverable
–
–
Auto-Recoverable
Latch
Marking Information
(Top View)
: Logo
XXX: Marking ID (See Ordering Information)
AP3125HA/HB
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Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm(inch).)
(1) Package Type: SOT26
2.820(0.111)
3.100(0.122)
2.650(0.104)
3.000(0.118)
1.500(0.059)
1.700(0.067)
0.950(0.037)TYP
1.800(0.071)
2.000(0.079)
0.300(0.012)
0.500(0.020)
0.700(0.028)REF
0.100(0.004)
0.200(0.008)
0°
8°
0.200(0.008)
0.300(0.012)
0.600(0.024)
0.000(0.000)
0.150(0.006)
0.900(0.035)
1.300(0.051) 1.450(0.057)
MAX
1 2 3
4
5
6
Pin 1 Mark
AP3125HA/HB
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Suggested Pad Layout
(1) Package Type: SOT26
E E
GZ
Y
X
Dimensions
Z
(mm)/(inch)
G
(mm)/(inch)
X
(mm)/(inch)
Y
(mm)/(inch)
E
(mm)/(inch)
Value
3.600/0.142
1.600/0.063
0.700/0.028
1.000/0.039
0.950/0.037
AP3125HA/HB
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IMPORTANT NOTICE
DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
(AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION).
Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes
without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license under its patent or
trademark rights, nor the rights of others. Any Customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume
all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on Diodes Incorporated
website, harmless against all damages.
Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel.
Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and
hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or
indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application.
Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product names and markings
noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks.
This document is written in English but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. Only the English version of this document is the
final and determinative format released by Diodes Incorporated.
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Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express
written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein:
A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which:
1. are intended to implant into the body, or
2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user.
B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or systems, and
acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any
use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related
information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its
representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems.
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