APPLICATION MANUAL LDO REGULATOR WITH ON/OFF SWITCH TK121xxCS CONTENTS 1 . DESCRIPTION 2 . FEATURES 3 . APPLICATIONS 4 . PIN CONFIGURATION 5 . BLOCK DIAGRAM 6 . ORDERING INFORMATION 7 . ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 8 . ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 9 . TEST CIRCUIT 10 . APPLICATION EXAMPLE 11 . TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 12 . PIN DESCRIPTION 13 . APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 14 . NOTES 15 . OFFICES 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 8 8 9 20 21 27 27 GC3-I017 MEETING YOUR NEEDS Page 1 TK121xxCS LDO REGULATOR WITH ON/OFF SWITCH TK121xxCS 1. DESCRIPTION 3. APPLICATIONS The TK121xxCS is a low dropout linear regulator with ON/OFF control, which can supply 200mA load current. The output voltage, trimmed with high accuracy, is available from 1.5 to 5.0V in 0.1V steps. This allows the optimum voltage to be selected for the equipment. The TK121xxCS is an integrated circuit with a silicon monolithic bipolar structure. This regulator IC is the low saturation voltage output type with very Low quiescent current. The PNP pass transistor is built-in. The I/O voltage difference is 0.12V (typical) when a current of 100mA is supplied to the system. Because of the low voltage drop, the voltage source can be effectively used; this makes it very suitable for battery powered equipment. The on/off function is built into the IC. The current during standby mode becomes very small (pA level). The over current sensor circuit and the reverse-bias protection circuit are built-in. It is a very rugged design because the ESD protection is high. Therefore, the TK121xxCS can be used with confidence. When mounted on the PCB, the power dissipation rating becomes about 500mW, even though the package is very small. The TK121xxCS features very high stability in both DC and AC. The capacitor on the output side provides stable operation with 0.1F with 2.5V Vout. A capacitor of any type can be used; however, the larger this capacitor is, the better the overall characteristics are. n Any Electronic Equipment n Battery Powered Systems n Mobile Communication 4. PIN CONFIGURATION Top View Vcont 1 GND 2 Np 3 5 Vin 4 Vout 5. BLOCK DIAGRAM Vin Vout Over Heat & Over Current Protection Control Circuit 2. FEATURES n On/Off Control available (High ON). n Very Good Stability: Ceramic capacitor can be used. : CL0.1F at Vout2.5V n High Precision Output Voltage (1.5% or 50mV) n Excellent Ripple Rejection Ratio: -80dB at 1kHz n Output Current: 200mA (peak 320mA) n Very Low Dropout Voltage: 120mV at Iout=100mA n Wide Operating Voltage Range: 2.1V12V n Very Low Noise with Noise Bypass pin n Short Circuit Protection (Over Current Protection) n Internal Thermal Shutdown (Over Heat Protection) n Internal Reverse Bias Protection 320k Bandgap Reference Vcont GC3-I017 GND Np Page 2 TK121xxCS 6. ORDERING INFORMATION T K 121 CS L Voltage Code ex. 3.3V : 33 Tape / Reel Code Package Code S : SOT23-5 Rank Code C : C Rank I : I Rank Standard Voltage (net multiplication bold-faced type) TK12115CS TK12118CS TK12125CS TK12128CS TK12133CS *Please contact your authorized TOKO representatives for voltage availability. If you need the voltage except the above table, please contact TOKO. 7. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Ta=25C Parameter Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage Symbol Rating Units VccMAX -0.4 ~ 16 -0.4 ~ 6 V V Vout 2.0V -0.4 ~ 12 V 2.1V Vout -0.4 ~ 5 -0.4 ~ 16 -55 ~ 150 V V Reverse Bias VrevMAX Np pin Voltage Control pin Voltage Storage Temperature Range VnpMAX VcontMAX Tstg Conditions C mW Power Dissipation PD 500 when mounted on PCB Internal Limited Tj=150C * Operating Condition Operating Temperature Range TOP -40 ~ 85 C Operating Voltage Range VOP 2.1 ~ 12 V Short Circuit Current Ishort 360 mA * PD must be decreased at rate of 4.0mW/C for operation above 25C. The maximum ratings are the absolute limitation values with the possibility of the IC breakage. When the operation exceeds this standard quality cannot be guaranteed. GC3-I017 Page 3 TK121xxCS 8. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 8-1. C Rank (TK121xxCSC) The parameters with min. or max. values will be guaranteed at Ta=25C with test when manufacturing or SQC(Statistical Quality Control) methods. The operation between -40 ~ 85C is guaranteed when design. Vin=VoutTYP+1V,Vcont=0.9V,Ta=25C Parameter Symbol Output Voltage Vout Line Regulation LinReg Load Regulation LoaReg Dropout Voltage *1 Vdrop Maximum Output Current *2 Value MIN TYP MAX Refer to TABLE 8-1-1 ~ 3 0.0 5.0 Units V Conditions Iout = 5mA IoutMAX Refer to TABLE 8-1-1 ~ 3 Refer to TABLE 8-1-1 ~ 3 80 140 120 210 230 350 200 350 240 320 mV mV mV mV mV mV mA Vin = 5V Iout = 5mA ~ 100mA Iout = 5mA ~ 200mA Iout = 50mA Iout = 100mA Iout = 180mA (2.1V Vout 2.3V) Iout = 200mA (2.4V Vout) When Vout down 0.3V Supply Current Icc Refer to TABLE 8-1-1 ~ 3 A Iout = 0mA Standby Current Istandby 0.0 0.1 Vcont = 0V Quiescent Current Control Terminal *3 Control Current Iq 1.0 1.8 A mA Icont 0.7 2.0 Vcont = 0.9V Control Voltage Vcont A V V 0.9 0.2 Reference Value (TK12125CS) Np Terminal Voltage Vnp 1.28 mV Iout = 50mA Vout ON state Vout OFF state V ppm /C Output Voltage / Temp. Vo/Ta 35 Output Noise Voltage Vno 34 Vrms CL=1.0F, Cnp=0.01F Iout=30mA Ripple Rejection R.R 80 dB CL=1.0F, Cnp=0.001F Iout=10mA, 1kHz s CL=1.0F, Cnp=0.001F Vcont: Pulse Wave (100Hz) Vcont ON Voutx95% point Rise Time tr 36 *1: For Vout 2.0V, not guaranteed. *2: The maximum output current is limited by package power dissipation. *3: The input current decreases to pA level when control terminal is connected to GND (Off state). General Note: Parameter with only typical value is for reference only. General Note: Output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise bypass terminal (Np). The noise level depends on the capacitance and capacitor characteristics. GC3-I017 Page 4 TK121xxCS TABLE 8-1-1.Preferred Products MIN TYP MAX Load Regulation Iout = 100mA Iout = 200mA TYP MAX TYP MAX V 2.750 3.250 V 2.800 3.300 V 2.850 3.350 mV 11 12 Output Voltage Part Number TK12128CSC TK12133CSC mV 26 28 mV 25 27 mV 60 64 Supply Current TYP MAX A 92 97 A 146 155 TABLE 8-1-2.Limited Availability Products Output Voltage Part Number TK12115CSC TK12118CSC TK12125CSC Load Regulation Iout = 100mA Iout = 200mA TYP MAX TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX V V V mV mV mV mV 1.450 1.750 2.450 1.500 1.800 2.500 1.550 1.850 2.550 10 10 11 23 24 25 21 22 24 49 51 57 Supply Current TYP MAX A 78 81 89 A 125 130 142 Notice. Please contact your authorized TOKO representative for voltage availability. If you need the voltage except the above table, please contact TOKO. GC3-I017 Page 5 TK121xxCS 8-2. I Rank (TK121xxCSI) The parameters with min. or max. values will be guaranteed at Ta=-40~85C with SQC(Statistical Quality Control) methods. Vin=VoutTYP+1V,Vcont=0.9V,Ta=-40 ~ 85C Parameter Symbol Output Voltage Vout Line Regulation LinReg Load Regulation LoaReg Dropout Voltage *1 Vdrop Maximum Output Current *2 Supply Current IoutMAX Icc Standby Current Value MIN TYP MAX Refer to TABLE 8-2-1 ~ 3 0.0 8.0 Units V mV Conditions Iout = 5mA Vin = 5V Iout = 5mA ~ 100mA Iout = 5mA ~ 200mA Iout = 50mA Iout = 100mA Iout = 180mA (2.2V Vout 2.3V) Iout = 200mA (2.4V Vout) When Vout down 0.3V Iout = 0mA Refer to TABLE 8-2-1 ~ 3 Refer to TABLE 8-2-1 ~ 3 80 180 120 270 230 390 200 390 220 320 mV mV mV mV mV mV mA Refer to TABLE 8-2-1 ~ 3 A Istandby 0.0 0.5 Vcont = 0V Quiescent Current Control Terminal *3 Control Current Iq 1.0 2.2 A mA Icont 0.7 2.5 Vcont = 0.9V Control Voltage Vcont A V V 0.9 0.2 Reference Value (TK12125CS) Np Terminal Voltage Vnp 1.28 Iout = 50mA Vout ON state Vout OFF state V ppm /C Output Voltage / Temp. Vo/Ta 35 Output Noise Voltage Vno 34 Vrms CL=1.0F, Cnp=0.01F Iout=30mA Ripple Rejection R.R 80 dB CL=1.0F, Cnp=0.001F Iout=10mA, 1kHz Rise Time tr 36 s CL=1.0F, Cnp=0.001F Vcont: Pulse Wave (100Hz) Vcont ON Voutx95% point *1: For Vout 2.1V, not guaranteed. *2: The maximum output current is limited by package power dissipation. *3: The input current decreases to pA level when control terminal is connected to GND (Off state). General Note: Parameter with only typical value is for reference only. General Note: Output noise voltage can be reduced by connecting a capacitor to a noise bypass terminal (Np). The noise level depends on the capacitance and capacitor characteristics. GC3-I017 Page 6 TK121xxCS TABLE 8-2-1.Preferred Products MIN TYP MAX Load Regulation Iout = 100mA Iout = 200mA TYP MAX TYP MAX V 2.720 3.217 V 2.800 3.300 V 2.880 3.383 mV 11 12 Output Voltage Part Number TK12128CSI TK12133CSI mV 32 33 mV 25 27 mV 80 88 Supply Current TYP MAX A 92 97 A 163 172 TABLE 8-2-2.Limited Availability Products Output Voltage Part Number TK12115CSI TK12118CSI TK12125CSI Load Regulation Iout = 100mA Iout = 200mA TYP MAX TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX V V V mV mV mV mV 1.420 1.720 2.420 1.500 1.800 2.500 1.580 1.880 2.580 10 10 11 27 28 30 21 22 24 63 63 75 Supply Current TYP MAX A 78 81 89 A 139 145 158 Notice. Please contact your authorized TOKO representative for voltage availability. If you need the voltage except the above table, please contact TOKO. GC3-I017 Page 7 TK121xxCS 9. TEST CIRCUIT 5 4 Iin Vin A Vin + Vout CL Cin 1.0F Vcont GND Np 1 2 3 Icont A + Iout Vout V 1.0F Cnp 0.001F Vcont 10. APPLICATION EXAMPLE To load 5 4 Vin Vin Cin 1.0F Vout Vcont GND Np 1 2 3 CL 1.0F Cnp 0.001F Vcont GC3-I017 Page 8 TK121xxCS 11. TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 11-1. DC CHARACTERISTICS n Line Regulation Test conditions Vin =VoutTYP+1V 15 10 5 0 Vout TYP -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 5 4 Iout=5mA 121xxC Vout (mV) Cin 1F 1 Vcont 0.9V Vout= 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.8, 3.3V 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 CL 1F 3 Cnp 0.001F 16 Vin (V) n Load Regulation Regulation Point 5 Vout TYP 0 -5 Vout (mV) 40 Iout=0,50,100,150,200mA 20 Vout TYP 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 -100 0 100 200 300 Vout (mA) n Vin vs Vout -10 -15 Vout=1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 2.8V 3.3V -20 -25 -30 -35 400 0 100 Vin (mV) = Vin - Vout TYP Iout (mA) n Dropout Voltage n Short Circuit Current 0 4.0 Vout= 3.3V 2.8V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 3.5 Vout (V) 3.0 Vdrop (mV) 200 -100 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -200 0 100 0 200 Iout (mA) 100 200 300 400 500 Iout (mA) GC3-I017 Page 9 TK121xxCS Test conditions: Vin=VoutTYP+1V, Iout=5mA, Vcont=0.9V, Cin=1F, CL=1F, Cnp=0.001F n Vin vs Iin (Iout=0mA) 1.6 240 1.4 220 1.2 200 Vout=1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.8, 3.3V 180 1.0 Iin ( A) Iin (mA) n Vin vs Iin (Iout=0mA) Vout= 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.8, 3.3V 0.8 0.6 160 140 120 0.4 100 0.2 80 0.0 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 16 2 4 6 n Standby Current (Vcont=0V) IQ (mA) Iin (A) 1.E-07 1.E-08 1.E-09 1.E-10 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 100 200 Iout (mA) n Vcont vs Icont , Vout n Reverse Bias Current 6 250 5 200 4 Vout Irev ( A) Icont ( A) 16 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Vin (V) 3 12 14 n Quiescent Current 1.E-06 2 10 Vin (V) Vin (V) 0 8 Icont Vout=1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 2.8V 3.3V 150 100 2 50 1 0 0 0.0 1.0 0 2.0 Vcont (V) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vout (V) GC3-I017 Page 10 TK121xxCS Temperature Characteristics n Vout Test conditions Vout(mV) TK12125CS Vin =VoutTYP+1V 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0 -30.0 5 4 Iout=5mA 121xxC Cin 1F 1 Vcont 0.9V -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 CL 1F 3 Cnp 0.001F 100 T a(C) n Line Regulation n Load Regulation 8.0 0 6.0 -10 4.0 -20 LoaReg(mV) LinReg(mV) TK12125CS 2.0 0.0 -2.0 -30 -40 -50 -4.0 -60 -6.0 -70 -8.0 -80 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Iout=50mA Iout=100mA Iout=200mA -40 -20 0 T a( ) 40 60 80 100 60 80 100 T a( ) n Dropout Voltage n Iout MAX 360 350 Iout=200mA Iout=100mA Iout=50mA 250 340 Iout MAX(mA) 300 Vdrop(mV) 20 200 150 100 320 300 280 260 240 50 220 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -40 -20 T a(C) 0 20 40 Ta( ) GC3-I017 Page 11 TK121xxCS Test conditions: Vin=VoutTYP+1V, Iout=5mA, Vcont=0.9V, Cin=1F, CL=1F, Cnp=0.001F n Supply Current n Quiescent Current 130 16.0 120 14.0 110 12.0 100 10.0 Iq(mA) Icc( A) TK12125CS (Vin=3.5V) 90 80 Iout=200mA Iout=100mA Iout=50mA 8.0 6.0 70 4.0 60 2.0 0.0 50 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -40 -20 100 0 40 60 80 100 T a(C) T a n Control Current n Control Voltage 18.0 1.4 Vcont=4V Vcont=3V Vcont=2V Vcont=0.9V 14.0 12.0 Vout_ON 1.2 Vout_OFF 1.0 Vcont(V) 16.0 Icont( A) 20 10.0 8.0 6.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 4.0 0.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 T a T a( ) GC3-I017 Page 12 TK121xxCS 11-2. AC CHARACTERISTICS Ripple Rejection n CL = 1F: MLCC (C), Tantalum (T) Test conditions TK12125CS Vripple Vin(DC)=VoutTYP+1.5V 200mVp-p 0dB 5 CL=1F (T) 4 Iout=10mA 121xxC f=100Hz 1MHz 1 CL 1F 3 -50dB Vcont 0.9V CL=1F (C) -100dB 100 1k 10k 100k Cnp 0.001F 1M Frequency (Hz) n CL = 0.22F: MLCC (C), Tantalum (T) n CL = 0.22F, 10F: Tantalum (T) TK12125CS TK12125CS 0dB 0dB CL=0.22F (T) CL=0.22F (T) -50dB -50dB CL=0.22F (C) CL=10F (T) -100dB 100 1k 10k 100k 1M -100dB 100 Frequency (Hz) 1k 10k 100k 1M Frequency (Hz) n Cap = 0.001F, 0.1F: CL = 1.0F Tantalum (T) TK12125CS The ripple rejection characteristic depends on the characteristic and the capacitance value of the capacitor connected to the output side. The RR characteristic of 50kHz or more varies greatly with the capacitor on the output side and PCB pattern. If necessary, please confirm stability while operating. 0dB -50dB Cnp=0.001F Cnp=0.1F -100dB 100 1k 10k 100k 1M Frequency (Hz) GC3-I017 Page 13 TK121xxCS Test conditions: Vin=VoutTYP+1.5V, Iout=10mA, Vcont=0.9V, CL=1F (Tantalum), Cnp=0.001F n TK12115CS n TK12118CS 0dB 0dB -50dB -50dB -100dB 100 1k 10k 100k 1M -100dB 100 1k Frequency (Hz) 100k 1M 100k 1M Frequency (Hz) n TK12125CS n TK12128CS 0dB 0dB -50dB -50dB -100dB 100 10k 1k 10k 100k 1M -100dB 100 Frequency (Hz) 1k 10k Frequency (Hz) n TK12133CS 0dB -50dB -100dB 100 1k 10k 100k 1M Frequency (Hz) GC3-I017 Page 14 TK121xxCS ON/OFF Transient Test conditions Vcont Vin =VoutTYP+1V Voltage 5 4 Iout=30mA 121xxC Rise Time Cin 1F Voutx95% Vout 1 CL 1F 3 Vcont=0V1V (f=100Hz) Cnp 0.001F Time n CL=0.22F, 1.0F, 2.2F Vcont n CL=0.22F, 1.0F, 2.2F ON Vcont OFF ON OFF CL= 0.22F CL= 0.22F 1.0F 1.0F 2.2F Vout n Cnp=0.001F, 0.01F Vcont 1.0V/div 100s/div n Cnp=0.001F, 0.01F, 0.1F ON Vcont OFF Cnp= 0.001F ON OFF Cnp= 0.001F 0.01F 0.01F Vout 2.2F Vout 1.0V/div 10s/div Vout 1.0V/div 100s/div 0.1F 1.0V/div 1.0ms/div The rise time of the regulator depends on CL and Cnp; the fall time depends on CL. GC3-I017 Page 15 TK121xxCS Test conditions: Vin=VoutTYP+1V, Iout=30mA, Vcont=0V1V (100Hz), Cin=1F, CL=1F, Cnp=0.001F n Vout=1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 2.8V, 3.3V Vcont ON OFF Vout= 3.3V 2.8V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V Vout 1.0V/div 10s/div n Vout=1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 2.8V, 3.3V Vcont: one pulse (after discharge Cnp, CL) Vcont Vout ON OFF Vout= 3.3V 2.8V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.0V/div 10s/div GC3-I017 Page 16 TK121xxCS LOAD Transient n CL=0.22F, 1.0F, 2.2F: Iout=535mA Test conditions Vin =VoutTYP+1V 5 Iout 35mA 121xxC 35mA 5mA 5mA CL= 0.22F 1.0F 2.2F Cin 1F 0.22F Iout CL 1F 3 Cnp 0.001F 100mV/div 10s/div n Iout=030mA, 535mA 30mA or 35mA 1 Vcont 0.9V 2.2F 1.0F Vout Iout ONOFF 4 n Iout=030mA, 535mA 30mA or 35mA 30mA or 35mA Iout 0mA or 5mA 0mA or 5mA Iout=030mA Vout Vout Iout=030mA Iout=535mA 200mV/div 1.0ms/div Iout=535mA 200mV/div 10s/div Vout Vout The no load voltage change can be greatly improved by delivering a little load current to ground (see the above curve). Increase the load side capacitor when the load change is fast or when there is a large current change. In addition, at no load, delivering a little load current to ground can reduce the voltage change. GC3-I017 Page 17 TK121xxCS LINE Transient n CL=0.22F, 1.0F, 2.2F Test conditions Vin =VoutTYP+1V+2V VoutTYP + 2V 5 Vin 4 1 CL=0.22F Vcont 0.9V CL=1.0F Vout Iout=30mA 121xxC VoutTYP + 1V CL 1F 3 Cnp 0.001F CL=2.2F 10mV/div 100s/div n Cnp=0.001F, 0.01F, 0.1F VoutTYP + 2V Vin VoutTYP + 1V Cnp=0.001F Vout Cnp=0.01F Cnp=0.1F 10mV/div 100s/div GC3-I017 Page 18 TK121xxCS Output Noise Characteristics Noise(uVrms) n Vout vs Noise Test conditions Vin =VoutTYP+1V 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 5 Iout=30mA 4 121xxC Cin 1F 1 CL 1F 3 Vcont 0.9V Cnp 0.01F BPF=400Hz 80kHz 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 Vout(V) n Cnp vs Noise (CL: Tantalum) TK12125CS n Cnp vs Noise (CL: MLCC) TK12125CS CL=0.22uF CL=0.47uF CL=1.0uF CL=2.2uF CL=10uF Noise(uVrms) 250 200 CL=0.22uF CL=0.47uF CL=1.0uF CL=2.2uF CL=10uF 300 250 Noise(uVrms) 300 150 100 50 200 150 100 50 0 0 1p 10p 100p 1000p 0.01u 0.1u 1p 10p Cnp(F) 0.1u Cnp(F) n Iout vs Noise (CL: Tantalum) TK12125CS n Iout vs Noise (CL: MLCC) TK12125CS CL=0.22uF CL=0.47uF CL=1.0uF CL=2.2uF CL=10uF 50 45 CL=0.22uF CL=0.47uF CL=1.0uF CL=2.2uF CL=10uF 55 50 Noise(uVrms) 55 Noise(uVrms) 100p 1000p 0.01u 40 35 30 25 45 40 35 30 25 20 20 0 50 100 150 200 0 Iout(mA) 50 100 150 200 Iout(mA) Increase Cnp to decrease the noise. The recommended Cnp capacitance is 0.0068F 0.01F. The amount of noise increases with the higher output voltages. GC3-I017 Page 19 TK121xxCS 12. PIN DESCRIPTION Pin No. Pin Description 1 Vcont Internal Equivalent Circuit Vcont 2 3 1 320k Description On/Off Control Terminal The pull down resistance is not built in. GND Np GND Terminal Noise Bypass Terminal Np Connect a bypass capacitor between GND. 3 4 Vout Output Terminal Vout Vin 4 Vref 5 Vin Input Terminal GC3-I017 Page 20 TK121xxCS 13. APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 13-1. Stability Linear regulators require input and output capacitors in order to maintain the regulator's loop stability. If a 0.1F capacitor is connected to the output side, the IC provides stable operation at any voltage in the practical current region. However, increase the CL capacitance when using the IC in the low current region and low voltage. Otherwise, the IC oscillates. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the output capacitor must be in the stable operation area. However, it is recommended to use as large a value of capacitance as is practical. The output noise and the ripple noise decrease as the capacitance value increases. ESR values vary widely between ceramic and tantalum capacitors. However, tantalum capacitors are assumed to provide more ESR damping resistance, which provides greater circuit stability. This implies that a higher level of circuit stability can be obtained by using tantalum capacitors when compared to ceramic capacitors with similar values. The input capacitor is necessary when the battery is discharged, the power supply impedance increases, or the line distance to the power supply is long. This capacitor might be necessary on each individual IC even if two or more regulator ICs are used. It is not possible to determine this indiscriminately. Please confirm the stability while mounted A recommended value of the application is as follows. Cin=CL 0.22F at Iout 0.5mA Vin Vout TK121xxCS Cin0.22F CL0.22F Cnp 0.001F GND However, above recommended value is not satisfied some condition. Refer to "Output Voltage, Output Current vs. Stable Operation Area" at the next page. Select the CL capacitance according to the condition of used. If the fast road transient response is necessary, increase the CL capacitance as much as possible. GC3-I017 Page 21 TK121xxCS Output Voltage, Output Current vs. Stable Operation Area Vout=1.5V Vout=1.8V 100 Vout=2.5V 100 Vout=2.8V 100 Vout=3.3V 100 100 Unstable area 0.1 1 0.1 1 10 Stable area CL=0.1F 1 0.1 Stable area CL=0.1 F 1 0.1 Unstable area 0.01 150 0.01 2.0 0 50 100 Iout [mA] 150 0.01 0.5 0 50 100 Iout [mA] The above graphs show stable operation with a ceramic capacitor of 0.1F (excluding the low current region). If the capacitance is not increased in the low voltage, low current area, stable operation may not be achieved. Please select the best output capacitor according to the voltage and current used. The stability of the regulator improves if a big output side capacitor is used (the stable operation area extends.) Please use as large a capacitance as is practical. Although operation above 150mA has not been described, stability is equal to or better than operation at 150mA. 150 0.01 0.5 0 50 100 Iout [mA] 150 0.5 0 50 100 Iout [mA] 150 ex. Ceramic Capacitance vs Voltage, Temperature CAP 0.01 50 100 Iout [mA] Stable area CL=0.1 F 0.1 Unstable area 3.0 0 10 ESR [] 1 Stable area CL=0.1 F ESR [] Stable area CL=0.1F 10 ESR [] 10 ESR [] ESR [] 10 100 90 80 70 60 50 % B Curve F Curve 0 For evaluation Kyocera: CM05B104K10AB, CM05B224K10AB, CM105B104K16A, CM105B224K16A, CM21B225K10A Murata: GRM36B104K10, GRM42B104K10, GRM39B104K25, GRM39B224K10, GRM39B105K6.3 Capacitance vs. Voltage 2 4 6 8 10 Bias Voltage (V) % Capacitance vs. Temperature 100 90 80 70 60 50 CAP B Curve -50 F Curve -25 0 25 50 Ta (C) 75 100 Generally, a ceramic capacitor has both a temperature characteristic and a voltage characteristic. Please consider both characteristics when selecting the part. The B curves are the recommend characteristics. GC3-I017 Page 22 TK121xxCS 13-2. Definition of Technical Terms Output Voltage (Vout) The output voltage is specified with Vin=(VoutTYP+1V) and Iout=5mA. Maximum Output Current (Iout MAX) The rated output current is specified under the condition where the output voltage drops 0.3V the value specified with Iout=5mA. The input voltage is set to VoutTYP+1V and the current is pulsed to minimize temperature effect. Dropout Voltage (Vdrop) The dropout voltage is the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. It is dependent upon the load current and the junction temperature. Line Regulation (LinReg) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from Vin=VoutTYP+1V to Vin=VoutTYP+6V. It is a pulse measurement to minimize temperature effect. Load Regulation (LoaReg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects with the input voltage set to Vin=VoutTYP+1V. The load regulation is specified output current step conditions of 5mA to 100mA. Ripple Rejection (R.R) Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is specified with 200mVrms, 1kHz super-imposed on the input voltage, where Vin=Vout+1.5V. Ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of the output vs. input and is expressed in dB. Standby Current (Istandby) Standby current is the current, which flows into the regulator when the output is turned off by the control function (Vcont=0V). Over Current Sensor The over current sensor protects the device when there is excessive output current. It also protects the device if the output is accidentally connected to ground. Thermal Sensor The thermal sensor protects the device in case the junction temperature exceeds the safe value (TJ=150C). This temperature rise can be caused by external heat, excessive power dissipation caused by large input to output voltage drops, or excessive output current. The regulator will shut off when the temperature exceeds the safe value. As the junction temperatures decrease, the regulator will begin to operate again. Under sustained fault conditions, the regulator output will oscillate as the device turns off then resets. Damage may occur to the device under extreme fault. Please reduce the loss of the regulator when this protection operate, by reducing the input voltage or make better heat efficiency. * In the case that the power, Vin x Ishort(Short Circuit Current), becomes more than twice of the maximum rating of its power dissipation in a moment, there is a possibility that the IC is destroyed before internal thermal protection works. Reverse Voltage Protection Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to the output side Vin Vout GND ESD MM: 200pF 0 200V or more HBM: 100pF 1.5k 2000V or more GC3-I017 Page 23 TK121xxCS How to determine the thermal resistance when mounted on PCB 13-3. Board Layout The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: Tj=jaxPd+Ta Tj of IC is set around 150C. Pd is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. If the ambient temperature is 25C, then: 150=jaxPd+25 ja=125/Pd (C /mW) Vout Vin on/off Np The simple method to calculate Pd PCB Material: Glass epoxy (t=0.8mm) Please do derating with 4.0mW/C at Pd=500mW and 25C or more. Thermal resistance (ja) is=250C/W. Pd(mW) 500 -4.0mW/C Mount the IC on the print circuit board. Short between the output pin and ground. after that, raise input voltage from 0V to evaluated voltage (see*1) gradually. At shorted the output pin, the power dissipation PD can be expressed as Pd=Vin x Iin. The input current decreases gradually as the temperature of the chip becomes high. After a while, it reaches the thermal equilibrium. Use this currrent value at the thermal equilibrium. In almost all the cases, it shows 500mW or more. *1 In the case that the power, Vin x Ishort(Short Circuit Current), becomes more than twice of the maximum rating of its power dissipation in a moment, there is a possibility that the IC is destroyed before internal thermal protection works. 0 Pd(mW) 0 25 50 100 (85C) 150C 2 Pd The package loss is limited at the temperature that the internal temperature sensor works (about 150C). Therefore, the package loss is assumed to be an internal limitation. There is no heat radiation characteristic of the package unit assumed because of the small size. The device being mounted on the PCB carries heat away. This value changes by the material and the copper pattern etc. of the PCB. The losses are approximately 500mW. Enduring these losses becomes possible in a lot of applications operating at 25C. The overheating protection circuit operates when there are a lot of losses with the regulator (When outside temperature is high or heat radiation is bad). The output current cannot be pulled enough and the output voltage will drop when the protection circuit operates. When the junction temperature reaches 150C, the IC is shut down. However, operation begins at once when the IC stops operation and the temperature of the chip decreases. D Pd 5 3 4 0 25 50 75 Ta () 100 150 Procedure (When mounted on PCB.) 1. Find Pd (VinxIin when the output side is short-circuited). 2. Plot Pd against 25C. 3. Connect Pd to the point corresponding to the 150C with a straight line. 4. In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75C) to the derating curve. 5. Read off the value of Pd against the point at which the vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken as the maximum power dissipation DPd. 6. DPd / (Vinmax-Vout)=Iout (at 75C) The maximum output current at the highest operating temperature will be Iout DPd / (VinMax-Vout). Please use the device at low temperature with better radiation. The lower temperature provides better quality. GC3-I017 Page 24 TK121xxCS 13-4. On/Off Control 13-5. Noise Bypass It is recommended to turn the regulator off when the circuit following the regulator is non-operating. A design with little electric power loss can be implemented. We recommend the use of the on/off control of the regulator without using a high side switch to provide an output from the regulator. A highly accurate output voltage with low voltage drop is obtained. The noise and the ripple rejection characteristics depend on the capacitance on the Np terminal. The ripple rejection characteristic of the low frequency region improves by increasing the capacitance of Cnp. A standard value is Cnp=0.001F. Increase Cnp in a design with important output noise and ripple rejection requirements. The IC will not be damaged if the capacitor value is increased. The on/off switching speed changes depending on the Np terminal capacitance. The switching speed slows when the capacitance is large. Vsat REG On/Off Cont. Because the control current is small, it is possible to control it directly by CMOS logic. Parallel-Connected ON/OFF Control Vout 5V TK12150CS Vin 3.3V TK12133CS R 2.0V TK12120CS On/Off Cont. The above figure is multiple regulators being controlled by a single On/Off control signal. There is fear of overheating, because the power loss of the low voltage side IC (TK12120CS) is large. The series resistor (R) is put in the input line of the low output voltage regulator in order to prevent over-dissipation. The voltage dropped across the resistor reduces the large input-to-output voltage across the regulator, reducing the power dissipation in the device. When the thermal sensor works, a decrease of the output voltage, oscillation, etc. may be observed. GC3-I017 Page 25 TK121xxCS 13-6. Outline; PCB; Stamps Mark 0.7 4 xxR 2.4 1.6 0.2 1.0 5 3 1 0.95 +0.10 0.95 0.4 -0.05 0.95 0.95 Reference Mount Pad 0.1 M 0.1 (0.3) 0.15 +0.10 -0.05 1.1 0.1 0 ~0.1 1.3max 2.9 0.2 2.8 0.2 Unit: mm Package Structure Package Material: Epoxy Resin Terminal Material: Copper Alloy Mass (Reference): 0.016g V OUT 1.5V 1.8V V CODE 15 18 V OUT 2.5V 2.8V V CODE 25 28 V OUT 3.3V V CODE 33 The output voltage table indicates the standard value when manufactured. Please contact your authorized Toko representative for voltage availability. GC3-I017 Page 26 TK121xxCS 15. OFFICES 14. NOTES n Please be sure that you carefully discuss your planned purchase with our office if you intend to use the products in this application manual under conditions where particularly extreme standards of reliability are required, or if you intend to use products for applications other than those listed in this application manual. l Power drive products for automobile, ship or aircraft transport systems; steering and navigation systems, emergency signal communications systems, and any system other than those mentioned above which include electronic sensors, measuring, or display devices, and which could cause major damage to life, limb or property if misused or failure to function. l Medical devices for measuring blood pressure, pulse, etc., treatment units such as coronary pacemakers and heat treatment units, and devices such as artificial organs and artificial limb systems which augment physiological functions. l Electrical instruments, equipment or systems used in disaster or crime prevention. n Semiconductors, by nature, may fail or malfunction in spite of our devotion to improve product quality and reliability. We urge you to take every possible precaution against physical injuries, fire or other damages which may cause failure of our semiconductor products by taking appropriate measures, including a reasonable safety margin, malfunction preventive practices and fire-proofing when designing your products. n This application manual is effective from Oct 2002. Note that the contents are subject to change or discontinuation without notice. When placing orders, please confirm specifications and delivery condition in writing. n TOKO is not responsible for any problems nor for any infringement of third party patents or any other intellectual property rights that may arise from the use or method of use of the products listed in this application manual. Moreover, this application manual does not signify that TOKO agrees implicitly or explicitly to license any patent rights or other intellectual property rights which it holds. If you need more information on this product and other TOKO products, please contact us. n TOKO Inc. Headquarters 1-17, Higashi-yukigaya 2-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8585, Japan TEL: +81.3.3727.1161 FAX: +81.3.3727.1176 or +81.3.3727.1169 Web site: http://www.toko.co.jp/ n TOKO America Web site: http://www.toko.com/ n TOKO Europe Web site: http://www.tokoeurope.com/ n TOKO Hong Kong Web site: http://www.toko.com.hk/ n TOKO Taiwan Web site: http://www.tokohc.com.tw/ n TOKO Singapore Web site: http://www.toko.com.sg/ n TOKO Seoul Web site: http://www.toko.co.kr/ n TOKO Manila Web site: http://www.toko.com.ph/ n TOKO Brazil Web site: http://www.toko.com.br/ MEETING YOUR NEEDS TO BUILD THE QUALITY RELIED UPON BY CUSTOMERS n None of the ozone depleting substances(ODS) under the Montreal Protocol are used in our manufacturing process. YOUR DISTRIBUTOR GC3-I017 Page 27