oy NPE Nes APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION APPLICATIONS HOTLINE 800 546-APEX (800-546-2739) FEATURES e LOW THERMAL RESISTANCE 1.4C/W * CURRENT FOLDOVER PROTECTION NEW HIGH TEMPERATURE VERSION PAL2H e EXCELLENT LINEARITY Class A/B Output WIDE SUPPLY RANGE +10V to +50V HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT Up to +15A Peak APPLICATIONS * MOTOR, VALVE AND ACTUATOR CONTROL MAGNETIC DEFLECTION CIRCUITS UP TO 10A POWER TRANSDUCERS UP TO 100kHz TEMPERATURE CONTROL UP TO 360W PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO S0V * AUDIO AMPLIFIERS UP TO 120W RMS DESCRIPTION The PA12 is a state of the art high voltage, very high output current operational amplifier designed to drive resistive, induc- tive and capacitive loads. The complementary darlington emitter follower output stage is protected against transient inductive kickback. For optimum linearity, especially at low levels, the output stage is biased for class A/B operation using a thermistor compensated base-emitter voltage multiplier circuit. The safe operating area (SOA) can be observed for all operating conditions by selection of user programmable cur- rent limiting resistors. For continuous operation under toad, a heatsink of proper rating is recommended. This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes thick film (cermet) resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable inter- connections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The use of compressible isolation washers voids the warranty. EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC Qi Al ) Lo, POWER RATING Not all vendors use the same method to rate the power handling capability of a Power Op Amp. APEX rates the internal dissipation, which is consistent with rating methods used by transistor manufacturers and gives conservative results. Rating delivered power is highly application depen- dent and therefore can be misleading. For example, the 125W internal dissipation rating of the PA12 could be expressed as an output rating of 250W for audio (sine wave) or as 440W if using a single ended DC load. Please note that all vendors rate maximum power using an infinite heatsink. THERMAL STABILITY APEX has eliminated the tendency of class A/B output stages toward thermal runaway and thus has vastly increased amplifier reliability. This feature, not found in most other Power Op Amps, was pioneered by APEX in 1981 using thermistors which assure a negative temperature coefficient in the quies- cent current. The reliability benefits of this added circuitry far outweigh the slight increase in component count. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS Rou APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION TEL (602) 690-8600 FAX (602) 888-3329 + ORDERS (602) 690-8601 + TELEX 170631 + APEX F.S.C. (602) 690-8606 E61PA12 PA12A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SPECIFICATIONS PA12/PA12A SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +Vs to -Vs 100V ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA 15A POWER DISSIPATION, internal 125W INPUT VOLTAGE, differential +V5-3V INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode +V_ TEMPERATURE, pin solder -10s 300C TEMPERATURE, junction 200C TEMPERATURE RANGE, storage -65 to +150C OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case 55 to +125C SPECIFICATIONS PAI2 PAI2A PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS? MIN TYP MAX| MIN TYP MAX, UNITS INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial T, = 25C +2 +6 +1 +3 mV OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature Full temperature range +10 +65 * +40 pvrec OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply To = 25C +30 +200 * . pVv/V OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. power Ty = 25C +20 | pV/wW BIAS CURRENT, initial To = 25C +12 +30 10 20 nA BIAS CURRENT, vs. temperature Full temperature range +50 +500 * , pArc BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply To = 25C +10 * pAv OFFSET CURRENT, initial Ty = 25C +12 +30 +5 +10 nA OFFSET CURRENT, vs. temperature Full temperature range +50 * parc INPUT IMPEDANCE, DG To = 25C 200 * MQ INPUT CAPACITANCE To = 25C 3 * pF COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE | Full temperature range tV,-5 | V5-3 * . v COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC Full temp. range, Voy = +Vs -6V 74 100 * * dB GAIN OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz Ty = 25C, 1KQ load 110 . dB OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz Full temp. range, 8Q load 96 108 * * dB GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT @ 1MHz| T, = 25C, 8Q load 4 . MHz POWER BANDWIDTH To = 25C, 80 load 13 20 * * kHz PHASE MARGIN Full temp. range, 8Q load 20 * OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING? Te = 25C, PA12 = 10A, PA12A=15A | +V,-6 . Vv VOLTAGE SWING? Ty = 25C, Ip = 5A tV,-5 , V VOLTAGE SWING? Full temp. range, lp = 80MA V,-5 Vv CURRENT, peak Ty = 25C 10 15 A SETTLING TIME to .1% Te = 25C, 2V step 2 * us SLEW RATE Ty = 25C 2.5 4 * . V/us CAPACITIVE LOAD Full temperature range, A, = 1 15 * nF CAPACITIVE LOAD Full temperature range, Ay > 10 SOA * POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE Full temperature range +10 +40 +45 * * +50 Vv CURRENT, quiescent Ty. = 25C 25 50 . * mA THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case* T, =55 to +125C, F > 60Hz 8 9 . . C/W RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case T, =55 to +125C 1.25 1.4 * . CW RESISTANCE, junction to air Ty = ~55 to +125C 30 ] C/W TEMPERATURE RANGE, case Meets full range specification -25 485 | -55 | | 4125 C NOTES: * The specification of PA12A is identical to the specification for PA12 in applicable column to the left. 1. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. 2. The power supply voitage for all tests is +40, unless otherwise noted as a test condition. 3, +V, and-V, denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Total V, is measured from +V, to -Vs. 4. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz. The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850C to avoid generating toxic fumes. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION + S98) NORTH SHANNON ROAD + TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 * USA APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: | (800) 546-2739 E62orcas PERFORMANCE PA1 2 e PA1 2A POWER DERATING BIAS CURRENT CURRENT LIMIT = 140 S25 17.5 2 rr Zz = 6 120 5 2.2 z150 < 100 i 1.9 3125 2 s E g0 GB 16 = 10.0 g 5 w 60 a 13 b 7.5 PAI2| PA12A a a 5 & 40 wy 1.0 = 5.0 Yo = 247 z a 2 Vo= zZ 20 3 7 25 = ac 2 o So 4 0 Z 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 = -50 -25 0 50-25 0 25 50 75 100 125 CASE TEMPERATURE, T, (C) CASE TEMPERATURE, To (C) CASE TEMPERATURE, Te (C) SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE PHASE RESPONSE POWER RESPONSE 12 0 100 ~ Vv -Vg | = 100V @1oo wf 68 assis < 80 wo #6 z a . z a we 32 6 a 2 +Vg ||-V5 | = 80V a o R22 Q 40 z 5 5 z= S 15} | #Vg] +] -Vg | = 30V z 20 5 iu a 10 5 Ee 0 3B 68 -20 210 46 1 10 100 1K 10K 1M 1M 10M 1 10 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M 10K 20K 30K 50K 70K .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) a COMMON MODE REJECTION PULSE RESPONSE _ INPUT NOISE 2120 8 #100 g in = 5V, t, = 100ns > S100 = 6 = 70 Z o4 0 oi > 50 2 g? @ 40 = be hs w 60 ~ 0 F 30 oc oO a g 3 F m2 5 3 0 2 B20 2 E4 5 Z 20 2 z : o- 5 = 0 8 & 10 8 1 40 100 1K 10K 1M 1M 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 = 10 100 1K 10K 1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) TIME, t (us) FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 3 HARMONIC DISTORTION QUIESCENT CURRENT 5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING 16 S Ay =10 > vA iL V5 =237V 14 a5 _~ R, = 4Q SS a & re a ~V S 3 fie = 4 o J qa Qo oo = N 1.0 i L 5 z 5 3 E = 2 .03 & 8 & LTV, Zz wee Ot 6 9 < aud 003 4 Qo 1 1 : 40 60 80 100 0 3 6 9 12 45 FREQUENCY, F (Hz) TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, Vs (V) OUTPUT CURRENT, | (A) APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION TEL (602) 690-8600 + FAX (602) 888-3329 * ORDERS (602) 690-8601 TELEX 170631 + APEX F.S.C. (602) 690-8606 E63PA12 PA12A OPERATING GENERAL Please read the General Operating Considerations section, which covers stability, supplies, heatsinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Addi- tional information can be found in the application notes. For information on the package outline, heatsinks, and mounting hardware, consult the Accessory and Package Mechanical Data section of the handbook. SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA) The output stage of most power amplifiers has three distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the transistor geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The second breakdown effect which occurs whenever the simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage exceeds specified limits. 3. The junction temperature of the output transistors. eo 1.0 7 5 15 < 10 1 Thy ER, a 5 Mae ae 2 2 50 5% + r = a: 3.0 Se, & c 5 2.0 n ~ 1, * Ta. et 5 c 2 Qo bE 7 a Ee > 6 3 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 100 SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE Vg Vo (V) The SOAcurves combine the effect of ali limits for this Power Op Amp. For a given application, the direction and magnitude of the output current should be calculated or measured and checked against the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the following guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts. 1. Capacitive and dynamic inductive loads up to the following maximum are safe with the current limits set as specified. CAPACITIVE LOAD _ INDUCTIVE LOAD Nv, b= 5A |iy=10A I =5A hy = 10A 50V 200\uF 125uF 5mH 2.0mH 40V 500uF 350nF 15mH -3.0mH 35V 2.0mF 850uF 50mH -5.0mH 30V 7.0mF -2.5mF 150mH 10mH 25V 25mF 10mF 500mH = 20mH 20V 60mF 20mF 1,000mH 30mH 15V 150mF 60mF 2,500mMH 50mH *If the inductive load is driven near steady state conditions, allowing the output voltage to drop more than 8V below the supply rail with |,,, = 15A or 25V below the supply rail with |,,, = 5A while the amplifier is current limiting, the inductor must be capacitively coupled or the current limit must be lowered to meet SOA criteria. 2. The amplifier can handle any EMF generating or reactive load and short circuits to the supply rail or common if the current limits are set as follows at T, = 25C: CONSIDERATIONS SHORT TO +V, SHORT TO +V, C, L, OR EMF LOAD COMMON 50V .30A 2.4A 40V 58A 2.9A 35V 87A 3.7A 30V 1.5A 4.1A 25V 2.4A 4.9A 20V 2.9A 6.3A 15V 4.20 8.0A These simplified limits may be exceeded with further analysis using the operat- ing conditions for a specific application. 3. The output stage is protected against transient flyback. How- ever, for protection against sustained, high energy flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used. CURRENT LIMITING To use standard current limiting, leave pin 7 open and proceed per General Operating Considerations section of the handbook, where initial setting and variation with temperature are described. Foidover action is described in detail in Application Note 9. Forcertain applications, foldover protection allows for increased output current as the output of the Power Op Amp swings close to the supply rail. This function can be activated by connecting pin 7 directly or through a resistor to ground, and controlled by the following equation: .28V0 20 + Reo (1) Re + .007** 65 + tum = Where: luw is the current limit, in Amps, at a given output voltage Vo. Ro is the current foldover resistor pin 7 to ground in KQ. Re, is the current limit resistor in Q. Vo is the instantaneous output voitage in V.* *The basic equation assumes V, and the current carrying supply are of the same polarity. If these polarities differ, assign V, a negative value. ** 007Q = wire bond and pin resistance to Ro, connections. PROCEDURE 1. Select R,, to provide a safe current limit at Vo = 0: Ror (Q) = (-65/Ium) 007 (2) 2. Find the current limit for the maximum output voltage swing and pin 7 connected to ground/common: .28V, 20 (3) Ro, + .007 This is the highest current limit possible at maximum output. It may be decreased without affecting the short circuit current limit by putting a resistor in series with pin 7 to ground. 65 + Vw The following equation can be used to calculate R-p (KQ) using a lower current limit: 28V5 Re= > lum (Rg. + 007) .65 3. To calculate the current limit at any output voltage (V,), use equation one. If Vo is of opposite polarity to the current carrying supply, assign Vp a negative value and check the calculated current against the SOA graph. ~20 (4) PAI2U REV. J OCTOBER 1993 E64 1993 Apex Microtechnology Comp